Sida acuta

Sida acuta, the common wireweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It is believed to have originated in Central America, but today has a pantropical distribution and is considered a weed in some areas.
In northern Australia, "Sida acuta" is considered an invasive species, and the beetle "Calligrapha pantherina" has been introduced as a biological control agent in an attempt to control the plant.
Description.
Plant- Undershrub, with mucilaginous juice, aerial, erect, cylindrical, branched, solid, green.
Leaves- Alternate, simple, lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate to oblong, obtuse at the base, acute at the apex, coarsely and remotely serrate; petiole much shorter than the blade; stipulate, stipules free-lateral, unequally paired at the node, reticulate venation.
Inflorescence- Cymose
Flower- Small, axillary, 2-3 in a cluster; pedicels jointed at the middle, epicalyx absent, complete,
bisexual, regular, actinomorphic, hypogynus, pentamerous, yellow.
Calyx- Sepals 5, gamosepalous, campanulate, slightly accrescent, persistent, valvate.
Corolla- Petals 5, polypetalous but slightly connate below and jointed with the staminal column,twisted.
Androecium- Stamens many,monadelphous, arranged on the staminal column; staminal column is shorter than the petals,divided above into numerous filaments, anthers monothecus, reniform, basifixed, filament short, extrorse. Pollen are spherical with spikes, size is approximately 90 microns.
Gynoecium- Carples 5, syncarpous, ovary superior,penta or multilocular with axile placentation, one ovule in each locule; style 1, passing through the staminal tube; stigma globular,correspond to the number of carples.
Fruit- A schizocarpic mericarp, seed 1 in each mericarp.
Classification and Identification(Bentham and Hooker's system)-
Class- Dicotyledonae
I) Reticulate venation.
II) Flower pentamerous.
Sub Class- Polypetalae
I) Petals free.
Series- Thalamiflorae.
I) Flower hypogynus; ovary superior.
Order- Malvales
I) Stamens indefinite, monadelphous.
II) Ovary 5 carpellary, placentation axile.
Family- Malvaceae
I) Plant- mucilaginous.
II) Leaves- Simple with free lateral stipule.
III) Flower- Bisexual,; petals 5, twisted; monadelphous stamen, anther one celled, reniformed.
Genus- "Sida"
I) Staminal column without teeth at apex.
II) Flowers without epicalyx.
III) Ovule 1 in each locule; seed 1 in each mericarp.
Species- "S.acuta"
I) Leaf base obtuse, apex acute.
Vernacular name[6]-
Sanskrit- Bala; Bengali- Kureta/ Berela[7](in Tripura) ; Hindi- Kareta/ Kharenti ; Oriya- Siobala ; Gujrati- Bala/ Jangli menthi ; Marathi- Chikana ; Malayalam- Malatanni ; Tamil- Malaidangi ; Telegu- Nelabenda ; Kannada- Vishakaddi ; Sinhala- Gasbevila ; Burmese- Katsayna ; Yoruba-Ìsékètu.
Floral formula of Sida acota-
Br,+,K⁵,C⁵^,A_,G(⁵)
References.
5. "S". "acuta" Burm.f.(Fl. ind. 147. 1768) emend. K.Schum. Fl. Bras. 12: 326. 1891. 1: 15. t. 2. 1785; Sub. sp. acuta. Cav. Diss. Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3; 171. 1832; Prain. Beng. Pl. I: 259. 1903; Heinig, Enum. 90. 1907; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 90. 1915; Haines, Bot. Bih. Or. 61. 1925; Borss. in Blumea 14 (1: 187. 1966) S."carpinifolia" sensu Masters in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 323. 1874. non L. f. ; Kanjilal "et al". Fl. Assam 1(1) : 140. 1934; S."carpinifolia var. acuta (Burm. f) Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. II. 45(2) : 119. 1876; S. scoparia" Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 114. 1790; "S. lanceolata" Retz. Obs. Bot. 4: 28. 1786; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 175. 1832; "S. stauntoniana" DC. Prodr. 1: 460. 1824; "S.paucifolia" DC. Prodr. 1: 472. 1824; "S". "acuta" var. "intermedia" Hu,Fl. China(Fam.153) : 19. 1955; Deb. D.B . Fl. Tripura 1: 306. 1981.
6. Mukherjee H (1981) " Plant Groups" [9 ed]. New Central Book Agency(P) Ltd. pp. 1111. .
7.Deb D.B (1981) " The Flora Of Tripura State" [vol. I] . pp. 306. Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers. 24-B15, Desh Bandhu Gupta Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005