Holy Qurobo

The Holy Qurobo () or Holy Qurbono (, the "Holy Offering" or "Holy Sacrifice" in English), also called Qurobo Alohoyo (, "Divine offering" or "Divine Liturgy" in English), refers to the Eucharist as celebrated in Syro-Antiochene Rite (West Syriac Rite). This includes various descendants of the Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches. West Syriac Rite consists of two liturgical traditions: the Maronite Rite, and the Jacobite Rite (although the term Jacobite is considered derogatory by some). The major Anaphora of both the traditions is the Divine Liturgy of Saint James in Syriac language. The Churches are primarily based in the Middle East, Africa, and India.
The Maronite tradition is employed solely in the Maronite Church of Antioch based in Lebanon.
The Jacobite tradition is employed in the Syriac Orthodox Church based in Syria and its Maphrianate archbishopric in India known as Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, the Syriac Catholic Church based in Lebanon, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church based in India, the Malabar Independent Syrian Church and the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church based in India.
A Reformed variant without intercession to saints and prayers for the departed, intercession with Mother Mary and other Protestant-based revisions is used by the Mar Thoma Syrian Church, a reformed-oriental Church in full communion with the Anglican Communion.
Etymology.
The Syriac word "Qurbono" is derived from the Aramaic term "Qurbana" (ܩܘܪܒܢܐ). When the Temple stood in Jerusalem, and sacrifices were offered, "Qorban" was a technical Hebrew term for some of the offerings that were brought there. It comes from a Hebrew root, "Qarab", meaning "to draw close or 'near'". A required Korban was offered morning and evening daily and on holidays (at certain times, additional 'korbanot' were offered), in addition to which individuals could bring an optional personal Korban.
The Holy Qurbana is referred to as "complete" worship, since it is performed for the benefit of all members of the Church. The other sacraments are celebrated for individual members. Thus the Holy Qurbana is believed to be the sacrament that completes all the others. Hence it is called the "sacrament of perfection" or the "queen of sacraments".
A similar term Holy Qurbana is used to denote the eucharistic celebration in the Edessan Rite also.
History.
West Syriac liturgical rite is developed out of the ancient Antiochene Rite of the Patriarchate of Antioch, adapting the old Greek liturgy into Syriac, the language of the Syrian countryside.
West Syriac liturgies represent one of the major strains in Syriac Christianity, the other being the Edessan Rite (East Syriac Rite), the liturgy of the Church of the East and its descendants. 
Distinct West Syriac liturgies developed following the Council of Chalcedon, which largely divided the Christian community in Antioch into Melkites, who supported the Emperor and the council and adopted the Byzantine Rite, and the non-Chalcedonians, who rejected the council and developed an distinct liturgical rite – the West Syriac Rite by translating Greek texts into Syriac. Meanwhile, an independent West Syriac community that grew around the monastery of Saint Maron eventually developed into the Maronite Church. 
In the Melkite tradition the 10th and 11th centuries witnessed the remarkable transition from an Antiochian to a Constantinopolitan rite (roughly co-terminous with the Byzantine reconquest of parts of north Syria, 969–1084); this involved a massive undertaking of translations from Greek into Syriac (and subsequently into Arabic). Several of the poetic texts, including ones by John of Damascus, were subsequently taken over also into the Jacobite tradition, probably in the 11th and 12th centuries.
It must have been from about the 7th cent. that the Maronite and Jacobite liturgical traditions began to separate, with the former often retaining archaic elements lost in the latter.
Usage.
Liturgy of Saint James is celebrated on Sundays and special occasions. The Holy Eucharist consists of Gospel reading, Bible readings, prayers, and songs. The recitation of the Liturgy is performed according to with specific parts chanted by the presider, the lectors, the choir, and the congregated faithful, at certain times in unison. Apart from certain readings, prayers are sung in the form of chants and melodies. Hundreds of melodies remain preserved in the book known as "Beth Gazo", the key reference to Syriac Orthodox church music.
A variant of the West Syriac Rite, the Malankara Rite, developed in the Malankara Church of India since the arrival of Archbishop Gregorios Abdul Jaleel in 1665 and is still used in its descendant churches. They are the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church (Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church) which is part of the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church a sui juris church in the Catholic Communion, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church an independent Oriental Orthodox Church, the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church, a Protestant church in the Anglican Communion, and the Malabar Independent Syrian Church, another independent Oriental Orthodox Church (not in the communion of Oriental Orthodox Churches). 
Although the term "Holy Qurbana" is generally associated with the Eucharistic celebration in the East Syriac Rite, the Divine Liturgy in the West Syriac Churches in India is popularly referred to as "Holy Qurbana" and rarely, "Holy Qurbono", due to the historical ties with the East Syriac Church which lasted until the sixteenth century.
Liturgy of St James.
The "Liturgy" is related to the "Mystagogic Catecheses" of St Cyril of Jerusalem. The "liturgy" possibly dates back to the fourth century, originally composed in Greek language, while its Syriac version evolved after the fifth century, following the Chalcedonian Schism. The "Liturgy" is associated with the name of James the Just, the "brother" of Jesus and patriarch among the Jewish Christians at Jerusalem. Saint James was martyred at the hands of a mob incensed at his preaching about Jesus and his "transgression of the Law" - an accusation made by the Jewish High Priest of the time, Hanan ben Hanan. Among the Eastern liturgies, the "Liturgy of Saint James" is one of the Antiochene group of liturgies, those ascribed to Saint James, to Saint Basil, and to Saint John Chrysostom.
Most authorities propose a fourth-century date for the known form, because the anaphora seems to have been developed from an ancient Egyptian form of the Basilean anaphoric family united with the anaphora described in "The Catechisms" of St. Cyril of Jerusalem.
Other Anaphorae.
The anaphorae currently used by the Syro-Antiochene Rite (or "West Syriac Rite") are numerous and the main are:
The Antiochene Maronite Church is one of the richest in the number of anaphorae contained in its Liturgy, most of them belong to the tradition of the Antiochene rites. There are at least seventy-two Maronite Anaphorae.