Shimun XVIII Rubil

Mar Shimun XVIII Rubil (also Simon XVIII Rouel or Rowil) was Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East from 1861 to 1903, succeeding his uncle Shimun XVII Abraham.
He led the church from Qodshanis, in southeastern Turkey. In 1869, he received an invitation from the Vatican to attend the First Vatican Council as an observer, but he did not accept the invitation, and he also rejected other initiatives for the union with the Catholic Church. The Catholicos-Patriarch died on March 16, 1903 and was succeeded by Shimun XIX Benyamin.