Vietnamese military ranks and insignia

Vietnamese military ranks and insignia were specified by the National Assembly of Vietnam through the "Law on Vietnam People's Army Officer (No: 6-LCT/HĐNN7)" on 30 December 1981.
The Vietnam People's Army distinguishes three careerpaths: Officers ("sĩ quan"), non-commissioned officers ("hạ sĩ quan"), and enlisted personnel ("chiến sĩ").
Because the shoulder insignia of all ranks are represented by an elongated pentagonal epaulette, they are, hence, either detailed or colour-coded to indicate rank, branch, as well as unit.
The shoulder epaulettes from those of enlisted soldiers to field officers are detailed with a silver crest with an encircled silver star. Those of generals and admirals have fully golden epaulettes with corresponding golden crests and encircled stars.
Ranks can show information about branches of military personnel.
The branch colours that form the piping of the shoulder boards are as follows:
The shoulder insignia ranks are in gold shoulder boards in the Ground Forces, Air Force and Navy.
Border Defense Force's ranks are in dark green shoulder boards with red piping. Coast Guard rank and rating insignia are in blue with gold piping.
Table of ranks.
Officers.
The following are the current rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army, navy, air force, border guard and coast guard, respectively.
Warrant officers.
The following are the insignia for warrant officers for the army, navy, air force, border guard and coast guard respectively.
Rank insignia used by warrant officers since 2008 have a pink silk line running along the shoulder board (before 2008 it was a V-shaped chevron) to distinguish them from the officer corps.
Enlisted.
The following are the enlisted rank insignia for the army, navy, air force, border guard and coast guard respectively.