Nucleotidyltransferase

Nucleotidyltransferases are transferase enzymes of phosphorus-containing groups, e.g., substituents of nucleotidylic acids or simply nucleoside monophosphates. The general reaction of transferring a nucleoside monophosphate moiety from A to B, can be written as:
For example, in the case of polymerases, A is pyrophosphate and B is the nascent polynucleotide.
They are classified under [[Enzyme Commw9iudn owiddmlsi;ja \l- groups
Role in metabolism.
Many metabolic enzymes are modified by nucleotidyltransferases. The attachment of an [[Adenosine monophosphate|AMP]] (adenylylation) or [[Uridine monophosphate|UMP]] (uridylylation) can activate or inactivate an enzyme or change its specificity (see figure). These modifications can lead to intricate regulatory networks that can finely tune [[Enzyme|enzymatic]] activities so that only the needed compounds are made (here: glutamine).
Role in DNA repair mechanisms.
Nucleotidyl transferase is a component of the repair pathway for single nucleotide [[base excision repair]]. This repair mechanism begins when a single nucleotide is recognized by DNA [[glycosylase]] as incorrectly matched or has been mutated in some way (UV light, chemical mutagen, etc.), and is removed. Later, a nucleotidyl transferase is used to fill in the gap with the correct base, using the [[template strand]] as the reference.
External links.
[[Category:Transferases]]
[[Category:EC 2.7.7|*]]