Hondurans

Hondurans (Spanish: "Hondureños") are the citizens of Honduras.
Hondurans are a mestizo people that descend from the Spanish people, mainly from Andalusians, Galicians, Valencians, Catalans, Canaries, Extremadurans and in a minority with other peoples of present-day Spain and various tribes and ethnic groups of indigenous peoples that belonged to Mesoamerica such as the Mayas and Lencas, as well as Afro-Caribbean peoples. In some areas of the country, the mestizo would be with other European peoples such as the English, Italians, French, Jews, and other ethnic groups such as Arabs. With the founding of the modern nation of Honduras, which occurred in 1821 and did not include the entire Spanish-German-speaking territory, the term Hondurans also came to designate the residents of this nation. Within "modern Honduras", Germans as well as all immigrants or descendants of non-Hispanic immigrants in this sense have been defined by their Honduran citizenship.
Most Hondurans live in Honduras, although there is also a significant Honduran diaspora, particularly in the United States, Spain, and many smaller communities in other countries around the world. There are also people living in Honduras who are not Hondurans, because they were not born or raised in Honduras, nor have they yet gained citizenship.
Catracho.
Latin Americans refer to a person from Honduras as a '. The term was coined by Nicaraguans in the mid-19th century when Honduran General Florencio Xatruch returned from battle with his Honduras and El Salvador soldiers after defeating American freebooters commanded by William Walker, whose purpose was to re-establish slavery and take over all of Central America. As the general and his soldiers returned, some Nicaraguans yelled out ', meaning "Here come Xatruch's boys!" However, Nicaraguans had so much trouble pronouncing the general's Catalan last name that they altered the phrase to ' and ultimately settled on '. Salvadorans fought side by side with their Honduran Central American brothers, against William Walker's troops.
History.
Before the conquest, "Honduras was inhabited by an aboriginal population descended from different ethnic groups." 1 Among these are: Los Lencas, Payas, Chorotegas, Xicaques, Chortis, just to mention a few. All of these groups lacked "cultural unity," and "probably had a Mesoamerican and South American cultural origin. "According to some historians: «"These cultures achieved great progress in the various fields of human knowledge, driven by the development of a varied agriculture ... In this way they guaranteed adequate food for their large population. They also applied techniques of great perfection in fabrics and ceramics. They developed an intense and varied trade". »
In the north-western section of Honduras, the peoples of the Chortís, a Mayan group located in Copán and Ocotepeque, and the Lencas that extended through the departments of Santa Bárbara, Lempira, Intibucá, La Paz, Comayagua, Francisco Morazán and Valle predominated. and part of what today comprises the territory of El Salvador.
The rest of the Honduran territory was inhabited by peoples from the south of the continent, with a nomadic and semi-nomadic culture, governed by primitive communal production relations. Among these peoples were Tolupanes (also known as "xicaques"), Pechs (also known as "payas"), Tawahkas and Misquitos who, as a whole, made up the majority of the country's population.
According to the Honduran sociologist, Guillermo Molina Chocano, the first counts of the Honduran population are the product of estimates made by "historians, chroniclers, and travelers." Most of these coincide, that upon the arrival of the Spanish, the aboriginal population both in Honduras and the rest of America was very numerous. For example, the Milanese traveler, Girolaneo Benzoni ("Historia del Nuevo Mundo, 1572") assures that:
""When the Spanish went to conquer the region of Honduras ... they encountered more than four hundred thousand Indians ..."Others (El Costo de la Conquista, 1992) claim that "the aboriginal population of Honduras was approximately 800,000 indigenous people."
For some historians "The starting point to study the population is the general census for the province of Honduras prepared by the mayor Don Ramón de Anguiano." "9 10 which" gave in 1801 a population of 130,000 in 249 inhabited centers. "." If the evolution of the Honduran population is compared, since the end of the 16th century, "with the figures of 1778, 1791 and In 1801, no substantial modifications are observed in the behavior of the population ... "In such a way" says Molina Chocano, "that it is not possible to specify the evolution of the population in the Colonial period as a whole." However, they can be. detect some phenomena in the years of transition towards the republican stage and throughout the 19th century.
In 1816, five years before independence, "the Mayor Don Juan Antonio Tomos issued a report of his visit in 1815, in which he indicated 100,000 inhabitants in 39 curatos and 8 villages of Caribbean blacks near Trujillo (estimated at about 10,000 ) for a total of 110,000 inhabitants. After independence" the population of 1826 (200,000 people) is based on the calculation made by Mr. Dionisio de Herrera, former head of the state of Honduras; the same as the of 1850 (350,000 people) that rests on the calculation made by Mr. E. G. Squier "13 If the census of 182614 is taken into account and compared" with the calculation of the Archbishop of Guatemala, Don Francisco de Paula García Peláez, in 1838, (173,365 inhabitants (21,165 Spaniards, 106,668 Ladinos and 45,532 Indians), 15 a clear decrease in the rate of population growth can be observed in the years "after independence and" during the existence of the Central American Federation. "
Other ethnic groups
Demographics.
Considering metropolitan areas only, the Honduran capital is the fourth largest Central American urban agglomeration, after Guatemala City, Managua, and San Salvador.
Population.
In the 2017 Honduras has a population of more than 9 million people. Honduras had a population of 7.4 million according to Honduras' 2001 Census of Population, the most populous Departments are: Cortés (1.2 million), Francisco Morazán (1.2 million), Yoro (466,000), Olancho (420,000), Choluteca (391,000) siguatepeque and Comayagua (353,000). The least populous are Islas de la Bahia and Gracias a Dios.
According to the same source, the main cities are: Tegucigalpa (894,000-Central District only), San Pedro Sula (517,000), Choloma (160,000), La Ceiba (140,000), El Progreso (106,000), Choluteca, Comayagua, Puerto Cortés, La Lima and Danlí. However, the main metropolitan areas are Tegucigalpa (1,200,000-est. 2007-) and San Pedro Sula (900,000). Between the 1988 and 2001 Census, San Pedro Sula's population doubled. The country has 20 cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants.
According to the 2013 census Hondurans are:
Ethnic groups.
Mestizos.
The majority of the Honduran population is Mestizo (a mixture of Spaniards and Amerindian), these people are descended from immigrants from Spain and Amerindian people like the Lencas and Mayans. According to studies the Mestizo population makes up 85% of the total population of Honduras. Mestizos have also most representation on Media due the fact of being the majority.
Amerindian.
The Amerindian population consists of seven indigenous groups recognized by the Confederation of Autochthonous Peoples of Honduras (CONPAH) and the government of Honduras, among them they recognize the Afro-Caribbean and Garífuna groups which are not Amerindian.
The seven indigenous groups are: the Ch'orti', a Mayan group living in the northwest on the border with Guatemala; the Garifuna speaking a Carib language., they live along the entire Caribbean coastline of Honduras, and in the Bay Islands; the Pech or Paya Indians living in a small area in the Olancho department; the Tolupan (also called Jicaque, "Xicaque", or Tol), living in the Department of Yoro and in the reserve of the Montaña de la Flor and parts of the department of Yoro; the Lenca Indians living in the western highlands of Intibuca, Lempira, La Paz, Valle and Choluteca departments; and the Miskito Indians living on the northeast coast in the Gracias A Dios department and along the border with Nicaragua.
Whites.
White Hondurans or white people from Honduras (colloquially called "cheles"), is a term used to refer to those Hondurans who are cataloged or considered as white people. However, the term white in Honduras similar to other Latin American countries is quite ambiguous, and some white people would not be classified as such in other countries. The first whites in Honduras came with Columbus in 1502, during the entire 16th century came a huge spaniard migration to Honduras. Whites of Honduran origin are also descended from immigrants who arrived from Europe, such as places like Catalonia, Germany, Italy, East Europe, and the Middle East in the 19th and 20th centuries. Percentages have varied from 1 to 7% due the fact that most white Hondurans identifies and adopts the mestizo identity.
Blacks.
Approximately 2.9% of Honduras population is black, or Afro-Honduran, and mainly reside on the country's Caribbean or Atlantic coast. The black population comes from a number of sources. Many are the descendants of the West Indian islands. Another large group are the Garífuna, descendants of an Afro-Carib population which revolted against British authorities on the island of St. Vincent and were forcibly moved to Belize and Honduras during the 18th century. Garífunas are part of Honduran identity through theatrical presentations such as Louvavagu.
Genetics.
Honduras is one of the countries with the highest level of mestizos in Latin America, different studies on the ancestry of Central Americans have been carried out, however the most successful has been the study Admixture and genetic relationships of Mexican Mestizos regarding Latin American and Caribbean populations based on "13 CODIS-STRs" "f"ound that the genetic mix of some Central American countries was as follows:
This would suggest that Hondurans are one of the groups in Central America with the highest European genetic contribution, mainly Iberian, surpassed only by Costa Rica, considered this only “white” country in the region.
other research has found that the genetic makeup of Hondurans is as follows:
Immigration.
During the early 20h Century Honduras received a long migration from Europe and the middle east, however most of these Arab and Jewish migrants are considered white in Honduras.
Arabs.
Honduras hosts a significant Arab community (the vast majority of whom are Christian Arabs of Palestinian and Lebanese descent). However, these people are also cataloged as white in Honduras. The Palestinians, Syrian, and Lebanese arrived in the country in the late 19th century and early 20th century, from the otoman empire establishing themselves especially in the city of San Pedro Sula. There are other families that settled in Tegucigalpa, La Ceiba and El Progreso. The Palestinian community, well integrated in Honduras, is prominent in business, commerce, banking, industry, and politics. They are popularly known as "turcos" (Turks) as they came with Turkish passports, Today Honduras ranks ninth in countries with the highest Arab descent in the world.
Jews.
In the case of Honduras, the origin of modern Jews living in the country begins in 1920, between this year and 1940 the majority of Jews who arrived in the country were Ashkenazis of German, Polish, and Romanian origin, most of whom were from Harvest. Jews are also cataloged as white people in Hondurans; most of them came fleeing the growing anti-Semitism in Europe and the Second World War, in 1939 a total of 455 Germans were registered and 95 were Jews. The rest are French, Italian and a small number of British people.
Asians.
Also present in an East Asian community that is primarily of Chinese descent, and to a lesser extent Japanese, Korean, Ryukyuan, Vietnamese also make up a small percentage due to their arrival to Honduras as contract laborers in the 1980s and 1990s.
Religion.
Christianity.
Today, Hondurans are primarily Catholic with 46% and Protestants 41%, dividing equally between Protestants and Catholics. Historically, at the beginning of the 20th century, due to the influence of the United States that arrived during this period, Protestants outnumbered the Catholics, representing two-thirds of the country, mainly in the north.
With the loss of the Protestant regions after World War II, coupled with the increase in agnosticism and atheism in the eastern region of the country the Protestant population decreased. Today there are rural and urban regions where Protestantism has ceased to predominate.
Indigenous faiths.
While the country is dominated by Christianity, indigenous peoples typically maintain elements of their original spiritualities in a sort of syncretism.
Garifuna religion.
The Garífuna religion is the Dugú, it is a mixture of African, Catholic, and indigenous beliefs.
Other religions.
Honduras has small communities of Jewish and Bahai Faith people,
Culture.
Honduras is a multi-ethnic and multicultural country with a heritage of more than 12 thousand years of history. 7% of the Honduran population is indigenous from different groups or ethnicities that have left their mark on both the culture and the gastronomy of the country. Another element is Spanish, which left a deep mark on the culture of the country. The popular culture of the Honduran people, as in most countries, consists of artistic creations attended by large audiences or shows. Such artistic-cultural exhibitions are held during certain days of the year through very creative celebrations.
Holidays.
Among the most popular holidays are; on September 15, Honduras' independence day. This commemoration is carried out with parades of schools and colleges throughout the country. Some companies also participate who adorn the parade with floats of any kind. Since the conquest of Honduras, the predominant religion in the country is Catholic, because of this, special interest is given to the Holy Week celebrations.
The day of the Virgin of Suyapa is celebrated on February 3 of each year with a great pilgrimage to Tegucigalpa to give it veneration. During the Easter holidays, most of the population takes advantage of this holiday week that begins on Wednesday and ends on Sunday to walk on the beaches and spas of the country, and enjoy the tropical summer that is only enjoyed at this time of year mainly on the North and South Coast of Honduras.
Literature.
Literature in Honduras dates back to the Mayan codices, although new literary genres were introduced after the conquest. Among the most notable writers of Honduras are David Fortin, Froylán Turcios, Juan Ramón Molina, Rafael Heliodoro Valle, Antonio José Rivas, Clementina Suárez, Ramón Amaya Amador, Marco Antonio Rosa, Roberto Sosa, Lucila Gamero de Medina, Roberto Quezada, Armando García , Helen Umaña, Alberto Destephen, Argentina Díaz Lozano, Rony Bonilla and Julio Escoto.
Cinema.
Cinema in the country has its true beginning in 1962. The first official Honduran filmmaker was Sami Kafati, who studied cinematography in Rome in the 1960s. His first cinematographic work was the experimental short film Mi Amigo Ángel. Produced in 1962, it is the first fictional cinematographic work produced in Honduras. According to the Honduran film historian Marxis Lenin Hernández "the film was not so well received in its time, but today it is highly valued." This short film has a great expressive force and a great social and artistic sensitivity. The most prominent modern Honduran filmmakers are Hispano Duron, Rene Pauck, and Juan Carlos Fanconi.