Udmurtia

Udmurtia (; ), or the Udmurt Republic, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) within the Volga Federal District. Its capital is the city of Izhevsk.
Name.
The name "Udmurt" comes from *"odo-mort" 'meadow people,' where the first part represents the Permic root *"od"("o") 'meadow, glade, turf, greenery'. This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the Udmurts are referred to as "lugovye lyudi" 'meadow people', alongside the traditional Russian name "otyaki". 
The second part "murt" means 'person' (cf. Komi "mort", Mari "mari"), probably an early borrowing from a Scythian language: *"mertä" or *"martiya" 'person, man' (cf. Urdu "mard"), which is thought to have been borrowed from the Indo-Aryan term *"maryá-" 'man', literally 'mortal, one who is bound to die' (< PIE *"" 'to die'), compare Old Indic "márya" ‘young warrior’ and Old Indic "marut" ‘chariot warrior’, both connected specifically with horses and chariots. The Proto-Indo-European word roots "*mer-", "*moro-s" and "*mer" are related to the derived word "*marko" (with suffix *-ko), meaning ‘horse’. It is related to a suffixed form of a root found in Proto-Altaic "*mórV" (“horse”), compare Proto-Mongolic "*mori" (“horse”), Proto-Tungusic "*murin" (“horse”), Proto-Korean "*màr" (“horse”) and possibly also in Proto-Dravidian "*mar-ai" (“a k. of deer”). According to the linguist T. Mikhailova this Indo-European word has been adopted in Central Europe from Altaic. The Indo-Europeanists T. Gamkrelidze and V. Ivanov associate this word with horse-riding Altaic tribes in the Bronze Age.
On the other hand, in the Russian tradition, the name 'meadow people' refers to the inhabitants of the left bank of river in general. Recently, the most relevant is the version of V. V. Napolskikh and S. K. Belykh. They suppose that ethnonym was borrowed either from Indo-Iranian *"anta" 'outside, close, last, edge, limit, boundary' or Turkic-Altaic *"anda"/*"ant" 'oath (in fidelity), comrade, friend'.
History.
On November 4, 1920, the Votyak Autonomous Oblast was formed. On January 1, 1932, it was renamed Udmurt Autonomous Oblast, which was then reorganized into the Udmurt ASSR on December 28, 1934. During World War II, many industrial factories were evacuated from Ukraine and western borderlands to Udmurtia.
Geography.
The republic is located to the west of the Ural Mountains and borders Kirov, Perm, Bashkortostan, and Tatarstan.
Udmurtia is a republic in the Russian Federation, located in Central Russia between the branches of two of the largest and oldest rivers in Europe: the Kama and its right tributary the Vyatka.
The city of Izhevsk is the administrative, industrial and cultural center of Udmurtia. Geographically, it is located not far from Moscow, the capital and largest city of the Russian Federation. The city has a well developed transport system (including air, land and water).
On the west and north the Udmurtia borders the Kirov Oblast, on the east the Perm Oblast, and on the south the Bashkortostan and Tatarstan Republics.
Climate.
The republic has a moderate continental climate, with warm summers and cold snowy winters.
Demographics.
Population: 
Although as of 2007 the population was declining, the decline was stabilizing and was more pronounced in urban areas. Out of the 19,667 births reported in 2007, 12,631 were in urban areas (11.86 per 1000) and 7,036 were in rural areas (14.88 per 1000). Birth rates for rural areas are 25% higher than that of urban areas. Of the total of 21,727 deaths, 14,366 were reported in urban areas (13.49 per 1000) and 7,361 were in rural areas (15.56 per 1000). Natural decline of population was measured at -0.16% for urban areas and an insignificant -0.07% for rural areas (average for Russia was -0.33% in 2007).
Vital statistics.
Source
TFR source
Ethnic groups.
According to the 2010 Census, Russians make up 62.2% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Udmurts make up only 28%. Other groups include Tatars (6.7%), Ukrainians (0.6%), Mari (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the republic's total population.
Over two-thirds of the world population of Udmurts live in the republic.
Religion.
According to a 2012 survey, 33.1% of the population of Udmurtia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Eastern Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other Eastern Orthodox churches, 4% are Muslims, 2% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Udmurt Vos (Udmurt native faith), 1% adheres to forms of Protestantism, and 1% of the population are Old Believers. In addition, 29% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 19% is atheist, and 3.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.
 The local Russian Orthodox Church is the Metropolitanate of Udmurtia, comprising the Eparchy of Izhevsk (founded 1927) under Bishop and Metropolitan Viktorin (Kostenkov) (2015), the Eparchy of Glazov (founded 1889) under Bishop Viktor (Sergeyev) and the Eparchy of Sarapul (founded 1868) under Bishop Anthony (Prostikhin) (2015) <https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/>. 
Jews in Udmurtia.
Udmurt Jews are a special territorial group of the Ashkenazi Jews, which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking (Tatars, Kryashens, Bashkirs, Chuvash people), Finno-Ugric-speaking (Udmurts, Mari people) and Slavic-speaking (Russians) population. The Ashkenazi Jews on the territory of the Udmurt Republic first appeared in the 1830s. The Udmurt Jewry had formed the local variety on the base of the Yiddish of Udmurtia till the 1930s and features of Yiddish of migrants "joined" into it (in the 1930s and 1940s); as a result up to the 1970s and 1980s the Udmurt variety of Yiddish ("Udmurtish") was divided into two linguistic subgroups: the central subgroup (with centers Izhevsk, Sarapul, and Votkinsk) and the southern subgroup (with centers Kambarka, Alnashi, Agryz and Naberezhnye Chelny). One of the characteristic features of the Udmurtish is a noticeable number of Udmurt and Tatar loan words.