Elizabeth Goudge

Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge FRSL (24 April 1900 – 1 April 1984) was a British author of novels, short stories and children's books. She won the Carnegie Medal for British children's books in 1946 for "The Little White Horse". Goudge was a popular author in both the UK and the US from the 1930s to the 1970s. She regained attention decades later. In 1993 her book "The Rosemary Tree" was plagiarised by Indrani Aikath-Gyaltsen; the "new" novel set in India was warmly reviewed in "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" before its source was discovered. In 2001 or 2002 J. K. Rowling identified "The Little White Horse" as one of her favourite books and one of few with a direct influence on the "Harry Potter" series.
Biography.
Personal life.
Goudge was born on 24 April 1900 in Tower House in The Liberty of the cathedral city of Wells, where her father, Henry Leighton Goudge, was vice-principal of the Theological College. Her mother (born Ida de Beauchamp Collenette 1874: died 4 May 1951, aged 77) was originally from Guernsey. Ida met Henry while on holiday from there. The family moved to Ely when he became principal of the Theological College and then to Christ Church, Oxford when he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at the University. Elizabeth was educated at Grassendale School, Southbourne (1914–1918) and at the art school of University College Reading, then an extension college of Christ Church. She went on to teach design and handicrafts in Ely and Oxford.
After her father's death in 1939, Goudge and her mother moved into a bungalow in Marldon, Devon. They had planned a vacation there, but the outbreak of the Second World War led to them remaining. A local contractor built them a new bungalow in Westerland Lane, now known as Providence Cottage, where they lived for 12 years and she wrote several books, using Marldon based as a setting: "Smoky House" (1940), "The Castle on the Hill" (1941), "Green Dolphin Country" (1944), "The Little White Horse" (1946), and "Gentian Hill" (1949). After her mother's death in 1951, she moved to Oxfordshire, spending the last 30 years of her life in a cottage on Peppard Common, outside Henley-on-Thames, where a blue plaque was unveiled in 2008.
Elizabeth Goudge died on 1 April 1984.
Writing career.
Goudge's first book, "The Fairies' Baby and Other Stories" (1919), was a failure and it was several years before she wrote her first novel, "Island Magic" (1934), which was an immediate success. It was based on Channel Island stories, many of which she had learned from her mother, a native of Guernsey. Elizabeth herself regularly visited Guernsey as a child, and recalled in her autobiography "The Joy of the Snow" spending many of her summers with her maternal grandparents and relatives.
For "The Little White Horse", published by the University of London Press in 1946, Goudge won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British subject. It was her own favourite among her works.
Goudge was a founding member of the Romantic Novelists' Association in 1960 and later its vice president.
Themes.
Goudge's books are notably Christian in outlook, containing such themes as sacrifice, conversion, discipline, healing, and growth through suffering. Her novels, whether realistic, fantasy, or historical, interweave legend and myth and reflect her spirituality and her deep love of England. Whether written for adults or children, the same qualities pervade Goudge's work and are the source of its appeal to readers.
She said there were only three of her books that she loved: "The Valley of Song", "The Dean's Watch" and "The Child from the Sea", her final novel. Of "The Child from the Sea" she said:
I doubt if it is a good book, nevertheless I love it because its theme is forgiveness, the grace that seems to me divine above all others, and the most desperate need of all us tormented and tormenting human beings, and also because I seemed to give to it all I have to give; very little, heaven knows. And so I know I can never write another novel, for I do not think there is anything else to say.
Plagiarism of Goudge's work.
Early in 1993, "Cranes' Morning" by Indrani Aikath-Gyaltsen was published by Penguin Books in India, the author's second novel. In the U.S. it was published by Ballantine Books, and enthusiastically reviewed for "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". For the "Post", Paul Kafka called it "at once achingly familiar and breathtakingly new. [The author] believes we all live in one borderless culture." In February, the "Times" called it "magic" and "full of humour and insight", although it conceded that the "deliberately old-fashioned" style "sometimes verges on the sentimental."
One month later, a reader from Ontario informed Hodder and Stoughton, publisher of Goudge's book "The Rosemary Tree" in 1956, that it had been "taken over without any acknowledgment whatsoever". Soon another reader informed a newspaper reporter and there was a scandal.
When "The Rosemary Tree" was first published in 1956, "The New York Times Book Review" criticized its "slight plot" and "sentimentally ecstatic" approach. After Aikath-Gyaltsen recast the setting to an Indian village, changing the names and switching the religion to Hindu but often keeping the story word-for-word the same, it received better notices.
Kafka later remarked about his "Post" review: "there's a phrase 'aesthetic affirmative action.' If something comes from exotic parts, it's read very differently than if it's domestically grown...Maybe Elizabeth Goudge is a writer who hasn't gotten her due."
Several months later, Indrani Aikath-Gyaltsen was dead, perhaps from suicide, but there were requests for investigation.
Influence.
J. K. Rowling, the creator of Harry Potter, has recalled that "The Little White Horse" was her favourite book as a child. She has also identified it as one of very few with "direct influence on the Harry Potter books. The author always included details of what her characters were eating and I remember liking that. You may have noticed that I always list the food being eaten at Hogwarts."
Adaptations.
"Green Dolphin Country" (1944) was adapted as a film under its U.S. title, "Green Dolphin Street", and the movie won the Academy Award for Special Effects in 1948. (The special effects involved the depiction of a major earthquake.)
The television mini-series "Moonacre" and the 2009 film "The Secret of Moonacre" were based on "The Little White Horse".