
Michael Hudson (political scientist)

Michael Craig Hudson (born 2 June 1938) is an American political scientist, the Director of the Middle East Institute and Professor of Political Science at the National University of Singapore. He is also Professor Emeritus at Georgetown University, where he was Professor of International Relations since 1979 and Saif Ghobash Professor of Arab Studies since 1980 in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. While at Georgetown, Hudson served as Director of the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies intermittently for over twenty years, most recently from 2007 to 2010.
Education.
Michael C. Hudson received his Bachelor of Arts from Swarthmore College in 1959 and his Master of Arts and Ph.D. in Political Science from Yale University in 1960 and 1964, respectively. In 1961, he received a Certificate in Arabic from Princeton University. While studying for his PhD at Yale, Hudson specialized in comparative politics and international relations with his advisor, the renowned political scientist Karl W. Deutsch. His dissertation was entitled "Political Change in Lebanon: 1943-1963," which would be the basis for his first book "The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon".
Career.
While conducting fieldwork in Lebanon for his doctoral dissertation, Hudson taught history at the American Community School in Beirut from 1962-1963. Also while completing his doctoral degree, he served as an instructor at Swarthmore College, from 1963-1964. Upon completing his studies at Yale University, Hudson became Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College at the City University of New York, from 1964-1968, and then an Associate Professor (tenured), from 1968-1970. In 1970, he became Associate Professor in the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at the Johns Hopkins University. He remained at SAIS until 1975, when he co-founded the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies (CCAS) at Georgetown University with a distinguished group of academics, including Hisham Sharabi, John Ruedy, Ibrahim Oweiss, Ambassador Clovis Maksoud, and Dean Peter F. Krogh. Hudson served as the director of CCAS from 1976-1989, and directed it again in 2000, 2003-2006, and 2007-2010.
In 2010, Hudson became the Director of the Middle East Institute (MEI) and Professor of Political Science at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Hudson was the first director of MEI, which was founded in 2007 as an autonomous research institute within NUS. He continues to direct MEI today. Hudson is also Professor Emeritus at Georgetown University.
In January 2015, he was appointed as the Kuwait Foundation Visiting Scholar at Harvard Kennedy School's Middle East Initiative. He is leading a study group at the Kennedy School on "Rethinking the Arab State: The Collapse of Legitimacy in Arab Politics." 
During the course of his career, Hudson has served on numerous boards and committees related to the fields of political science and Middle East studies. He was a founding member of the Middle East Studies Association of North America, and served as President of the association from 1986-87. He has served on the editorial boards of the International Journal of Middle East Studies, the Journal of Arab Affairs, and Cambridge University Press's "Middle East Library" series. He has also served as a manuscript evaluator for over a dozen academic journals. He was a member of the Advisory Board of the National Council on US-Arab Relations and the Board of Trustees of the American Institute for Pakistan Studies. Furthermore, he has served as an external evaluator for Middle East studies programs at the University of Utah, the University of Virginia, and Kuwait University. He has also served on committees within the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies.
Academic Work.
In addition to his distinguished record of establishing and directing premier centers for Middle East studies (CCAS and MEI), Hudson has been an authoritative scholar of contemporary Middle East politics. His most notable contributions are on the problem of political legitimacy in the Arab world, as set out in his seminal work "Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy". He has identified and explored the legitimacy 'deficits' of various Arab governments, focusing on cultural, institutional, and leadership sources of legitimacy. He argues that the question of participation is key to legitimacy, an issue borne out by the Arab uprisings beginning in 2011. Further, new information technologies and social media have invigorated civil societies in these countries.
Hudson has also contributed to the scholarship on politics in divided societies, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, and regional integration and conflict in the Middle East. On politics in divided societies, he has taken Lebanon as an ongoing case study (see his book "The Precarious Republic"), critiquing the theory of consociationalism and advocating the deconstruction rather than the institutionalization of sectarianism in Lebanon and elsewhere in the region, despite the recent apparent resurgence of sectarian polarization. On U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, Hudson contends that a Pax Americana for the Middle East is illusory, owing to the U.S.'s unbalanced approach to the Palestine-Israel conflict, the negative consequences of military interventions, and the failure to maintain soft power and capitalize on a legacy of good will. He asserts that "Imperial America" has been driven by dysfunctional domestic pressures and poor decision-making, and has lately suggested that the so-called "American decline" in the Middle East might not be a bad thing for all concerned. Dealing with questions of regional integration and conflict in the greater Middle East, Hudson has explored the interplay between 'rationalist' classical international relations theory approaches and 'sociological' approaches that focus on the domestic decision-making arena. Influenced in his academic training by Kenneth Waltz on the one hand and Karl W. Deutsch on the other, Hudson has argued against theoretical stovepiping; understanding integrative and conflict tendencies requires acknowledgement of Waltz's 'third image' approach as well as Deutsch's 'social mobilization approach.'
As a professor at Georgetown University and elsewhere, Hudson has taught courses on comparative politics, international politics, comparative politics of the Middle East, Middle East international politics, Lebanese politics, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict, an introduction to social science, networked cultures and networked politics, Yemeni politics, U.S. policy in the Middle East, and politics in divided societies. Hudson is frequently consulted by news organizations for interviews and guest appearances to discuss political developments in the Middle East. Furthermore, he regularly contributes to the media through opinion editorials and short essays. Some of these outlets include "Al-Jazeera English", "Jadaliyya", "Foreign Policy", Singapore's "Middle East Insights", "The Washington Post", Lebanon's "The Daily Star" and "Al-Mustaqbal", the "International Herald Tribune", and others.
Much of Hudson's academic work has been supported by competitive grants and fellowships. These have included the Robert R. McCormick Fellowship from Yale University (1959–62), American Philosophical Society grants (1965 and 1968), the Harvard Center for International Affairs Fellowship (1965–66), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1975–76), and a Fulbright Senior Fellowship to Yemen in 1994. He has also been the recipient of various honors and awards for his academic and administrative contributions to Middle East studies, including the "Jere L. Bacharach Service Award" from the Middle East Studies Association in 2011.
Publications.
Books 
Scholarly Articles and Chapters 
Hudson has published chapters in over thirty academic books, and written around sixty articles and thirty book reviews for academic journals and trade publications. These publications include "MIddle East Policy", "PS: Political Science and Politics", "'Comparative Politics", "The Yale Law Journal", "Middle East Insight", "Middle East Journal", "Arab Studies Quarterly", "Journal of Refugee Studies", "International Negotiation", "Contention", "Current History", "Arab Studies Journal", "Third World Quarterly", "Journal of International Affairs," "Journal of Palestine Studies", and various Arabic-language publications, among others.