Gloria Emerson

Gloria Emerson (May 19, 1929 – August 3, 2004) was an American author, journalist and "New York Times" war correspondent. Emerson received the 1978 National Book Award in Contemporary Thought for "Winners and Losers", her book about the Vietnam War. She wrote four books, in addition to articles for "Esquire", "Harper's", "Vogue", "Playboy", "Saturday Review" and "Rolling Stone".
Background and personal.
Emerson was born in Manhattan to William B. Emerson and Ruth Shaw Emerson. According to a 1991 "Washington Profile", Emerson's parents had been wealthy but lost their fortune (much of it derived from oil) through alcoholism.
On her application to the "Times" in 1957, Emerson described herself as a widow, giving her married name as Znamiecki. She was married to Charles A. Brofferio from 1960 to 1961.
Emerson was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2004. Unable to contemplate a future in which she could not write, Emerson committed suicide on August 3, 2004.
Career.
In Saigon, Republic of Vietnam, she began to write for newspapers, freelancing for "The New York Times" in 1956. She was employed by the "Times" in 1957 to work on the women's page, but hated writing only about fashion. She quit in 1960 to marry, moving to Brussels, but divorced the following year. She was re-hired by the "Times" in 1964 to cover fashion in Paris. She transferred to the paper's London bureau in 1968, covering The Troubles in Northern Ireland.
John Lennon and the anti-war movement.
In December 1969, Emerson conducted a very contentious interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono at the Apple Records headquarters in London, during which she disputed the effectiveness of Lennon and Ono's anti-war campaign. Her skeptical approach enraged Lennon. The interview became famous as an example of the establishment press resistance to the Lennons' peace movement and was prominently featured in the 1988 documentary "" and the 2006 movie "The U.S. vs. John Lennon". Emerson said at the time—and repeated decades later—that she believed the Beatles and Lennon "could have stopped the war" had they performed for U.S. troops in Vietnam.
Coverage of Vietnam.
In 1970 she convinced the paper to transfer her to Saigon. As she said in the obituary she wrote for herself, she wanted to return "because she had been in that country in 1956 and wanted to go back to write about the Vietnamese people and the immense unhappy changes in their lives, not a subject widely covered by the huge press corps who were preoccupied with covering the military story."
Among her first reports for "The New York Times", Emerson exposed false "body counts" and "unearned commendations" to field-grade officers and the use of hard drugs by American soldiers. She also reported on the suffering of the Vietnamese people. At a 1981 conference on the Vietnam War, Emerson declared U.S. spokesman and host of the "Five O'Clock Follies" Saigon briefings Barry Zorthian "a determined and brilliant liar."
In her self-written obituary, which reporters at the "Times" discovered on the day she died, Emerson described the plaudits that came her way:
Her dispatches from Vietnam won a George Polk Award for excellence in foreign reporting, and, later, a Matrix Award from New York Women in Communications. Her nonfiction book on the war, "Winners & Losers" (Random House, 1977), won a National Book Award in 1978 but she described it as "too huge and somewhat messy". Its subject was the effects of the conflict on some Americans, or "an absence of the effect", as she once said.
One of the most quoted parts of the book was Emerson's condemnation of "killing at a distance":
Americans cannot perceive — even the most decent among us — the suffering caused by the United States air war in Indochina and how huge are the graveyards we have created there. To a reporter recently returned from Vietnam, it often seems that much of our fury and fear is reserved for busing, abortion, mugging, and liberation of some kind. ... As Anthony Lewis once wrote, our military technology is so advanced that we kill at a distance and insulate our consciences by the remoteness of the killing. 
Her Vietnam War experiences attached to Marine assault units prompted her invstigation into human psychology - especially male - in "Some American Men" (Simon & Schuster, 1985). This work goes describes the dilemma men face, especially in wartime. Some of her subjects were Vietnam War veterans, some of whom were close friends. She tried to understand the demarcation point existing between American men and women regarding duty and the facing of certain death. 
Books.
"Winners and Losers".
Published in 1976, Winners and Losers covers Emerson's time in America and Vietnam before, during, and after the Vietnam War. The book is based on interviews with American and Vietnamese soldiers and civilians. The "Chicago Tribune" called it "sensitive, moral, compelling . . . a book of genuine greatness and largeness of spirit." Winners and Losers won the National Book Award for Contemporary Thought in 1978. An anniversary edition was published by W. W. Norton & Company in 2014.
"Some American Men".
Published in 1985, Some American Men is a series of interviews of American men investigating their clinical psychology, with reference to Dr. Robert May, whose book Sex and Fantasy: Patterns of Male and Female Development Emerson indicates served her as inspiration. This book is an analysis of typical male American personae in relation to themselves and to the world - especially as it relates to the opposite sex and notions of duty. Emerson delineates real-life examples of men "manfully" withholding personal emotional pain at considerable personal expense, due to a sense of "what (America) expected of them." Many of her interview subjects were Vietnam War combat veterans, but it includes asides to many American male survivors of Korea and World War II as well. "Some American Men : On Their Lives" Simon & Schuster 1985.
"Gaza, a Year in the Intifada".
This 1991 book is about a year she spent in the occupied territories. "The book provoked hostility among friends, and others felt it was anti-Israel, but Ms. Emerson insisted this was not the reason for writing it," she explained in her obituary; "she hoped to provide a primer for those who felt the situation in the Middle East was too complicated or too controversial to understand." She won a 1991 James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism.
"Loving Graham Greene".
In 2000 Emerson published her only novel, Loving Graham Greene, described by William Boyd in "The New York Times Book Review" as "beguiling and memorable... a funny, moving and strangely profound novel." The novel sprang from Emerson's fascination with the British novelist Graham Greene whom she had interviewed in Antibes in March 1978 for the magazine "Rolling Stone". It is set partly in Princeton, New Jersey, where she lived (and taught) for many years, and in Algiers, where she visited briefly in 1992 at the outset of the Algerian civil war which claimed the lives of an estimated 100,000 people. This fiction is the distillation of Emerson's experience as a journalist and an activist. This novel was the first book by Emerson to be translated into a foreign language and appeared in France in April 2007.