Saiichi Maruya

 was a Japanese author and literary critic.
Biography.
Maruya, whose real name was Saiichi Nemura, was born in Tsuruoka city, Yamagata Prefecture on August 27, 1925. His father was a doctor, and apparently wealthy enough to have a big personal library, which whetted Maruya's literary appetite.
Maruya was mobilized into the Japanese Army in March 1945 when still a high school student, but did not see battlefield action as Japan surrendered shortly thereafter. Following the war's end, he completed his high school studies in Niigata, then in 1947 entered the University of Tokyo to major in English literature, although he also studied classical Japanese literature. To develop his own writing style he began translating English works. He translated Joyce's "Ulysses" in collaboration with Takamatsu Yūichi and Nagai Reiji (1964) and "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" in 1969. James Joyce's works became a major influence on his writing. After completing his degree, he taught English literature at Kokugakuin University and then at the University of Tokyo. During this time, he wrote several novels, including "Ehoba no kao o sakete" (エホバ の 顔 を さけて, 1958), "Kanata e" (彼方 へ, 1962), and "Sasamakura" (笹まくら, Grass for My Pillow, 1966).
Maruya was also an influential literary critic, publishing reviews in the magazine "Shukan Asahi" and in the "Mainichi Shimbun". Maruya said that improving the quality of book reviews in Japan was one of the things he was most proud of. His criticism and essays include "Go-Toba In" (後鳥羽 院, The Retired Emperor Go-Toba, 1973), "Nihon bungakushi hayawakari" (日本文学史 早わかり, A Quick Guide to the History of Japanese Literature, 1976), "Asobi jikan" (遊び 時間, Play Time, 1976) and "Chūshingura to wa nani ka" (忠臣蔵 と は 何 か, What is the Chūshingura?, 1984).
Maruya died of heart failure on October 13, 2012.
Awards.
In 1968 Maruya won the Akutagawa Prize for "Toshi no nokori" (年 の 残り, The Rest of the Year). In 1972 he published "Tatta hitori no hanran" (たった ひとり の 反乱, Singular Rebellion), for which he won the Tanizaki Prize. He also received the Kawabata Prize, the Kikuchi Kan Prize for Cultural Merit and the Noma Literary Prize (1985), and the Order of Culture, awarded in 2011 by the Emperor of Japan.