Deportation of Americans from the United States

Deportation of Americans from the United States refers to the involuntary removal of U.S. citizens or nationals, for example upon conviction of a common crime in the United States. Such deportation entitles Americans to seek damages, which may include immigration benefits and/or money, in the form of injunctive relief under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) and "Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents". Some Americans have been placed in immigration detention centers to be deported but were later released. "Recent data suggests that in 2010 well over 4,000 U.S. citizens were detained or deported as aliens".
Americans physically removed from the United States.
A number of Americans have been placed in immigration detention centers to be deported but were later released. Up to one percent of all those detained in immigration detention centers are United States citizens according to research by Jacqueline Stevens, a professor of political science at Northwestern University.
The following is an incomplete list of Americans who have actually experienced deportation from the United States:
References.
"This article in most part is based on law of the United States, including statutory and latest published case law."