Texandria

Texandria (also Toxiandria; later Toxandria, Taxandria), is a region mentioned in the 4th century AD and during the Middle Ages. It was situated in the southern part of the modern Netherlands and in the northern part of present-day Belgium, currently known as Campine (Kempen in Dutch).
Name.
The tribal name Texandri, which may be related to the region, is mentioned as "Texand(ri)" by an inscription dated 100–225 AD, as "Texuandri" by Pliny (1st c. AD), and perhaps as "Texu<...>" on an inscription from Romania dated 102/103 AD. 
The variant form "Toxiandria" is only attested once in a 9th-century manuscript of Ammianus Marcellinus' "Res Gestae" (ca. 390) to designate the region, and the variant "Taxandria" occurs five times in 9th-century sources, and also in later documents. The inconsistencies in spelling may be explained by dittography (errors by copyists), or by the fact that the old form "Texandri" had fallen out of usage.
The name "Texandria" is generally assumed to stem from the Proto-Germanic root "*tehswō(n)-" ('right [hand], south'; compare with Old Saxon "tesewa", Gothic "taihswa", 'right, south') attached to the contrasting suffix "*-dra-". "Texandria" may thus be interpreted as the 'land of the southerners'. 
History.
The region of Texandria is first mentioned by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus ca. 390 AD. In the 380s, the Salian Franks, after being defeated by Julian ca. 358, were given permission to settle "apud Toxiandriam locum" ('at a place in Toxiandria').
Between 709 and ca. 1100, the name "Texandria" was used to denote a region located in the southern part of the modern Netherlands and the northern part of Belgium. In sources of the period 709–795, the "pagus Texandrie" appears concentrated in the basin of the river Dommel and its tributaries, with a first cluster of locations between Alphen in the west and Waalre in the east, and a second cluster more to the south around Overpelt.
As a result of a growing elite network of alliances, Texandria expanded between 815 and 914 to a region covering modern North Brabant and adjacent parts of the provinces of Antwerp and Limburg (possibly between Oosterhout, Laakdal and Reppel). In the mid-11th century, Stepelinus, a monk from Saint-Trond, located the region of Campania (firstly attested in this document) within Texandria. From ca. 1225, however, "Campania" (modern Campine) replaced "Texandria" as the name of the region. "Texandria" had nonetheless survived as the name of a vast archdeaconry within the diocese of Liège, although it was eventually replaced with "Campania" by the end of the 14th century and disappeared from historical records.