Subdivisions of Indonesia

Indonesia is divided into provinces (). Provinces are made up of Regencies ("kabupaten") and cities ("kota"). Provinces, regencies and cities have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies.
Since the enactment of Act Number 22 of 1999 on Local Government (the law was revised by Act Number 32 of 2004), local governments now play a greater role in administering their areas. Foreign policy, defence (including armed forces and national police), system of law, and monetary policy, however, remain the domain of the national government. Since 2005, heads of local government (governors, regents and mayors) have been directly elected by popular election.
First level.
A province is headed by a governor ("Gubernur"). Each province has its own regional assembly, called "Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah" (DPRD, literally "Regional People's Representative Assembly"). Governors and representative members are elected by popular vote for five-year terms. Provinces was formerly also known as "Daerah Tingkat I" (Level I Region).
Indonesia is divided into 34 provinces. Eight provinces have been created since 2000. Five provinces have special status:
Second level.
Regency () and city () is a local level of government beneath the provincial level. However, they enjoy greater decentralisation of affairs than the provincial body, such as provision of public schools and public health facilities. As at 2019, there were 514 daerah tingkat II ("kabupaten" + "kota") in Indonesia. They was formerly known collectively as (Level II Region).
Both regency and city are at the same level, having their own local government and legislative body. The difference between a regency and a city lies in differing demographics, size and economics.
Generally the regency has a larger area than the city, and the city has non-agricultural economic activities. A regency is headed by a regent (), and a city is headed by a mayor (). The regent or mayor and the representative council members are elected by popular vote for a term of 5 years.
Third level.
Regencies and cities are divided into districts, which have several variations of terms:
Fourth level.
Districts are divided into "desa" (villages) or "kelurahan" (urban communities). Both "desa" and "kelurahan" are of a similar division level, but a "desa" enjoys more power in local matters than a "kelurahan". An exception is Aceh, where districts are divided into "mukim" before being subdivided further into "gampong".
"Desa".
In Indonesian, as in English, a village ("desa") has rural connotations. In the context of administrative divisions, a "desa" can be defined as a body which has authority over the local people in accordance with acknowledged local traditions of the area. A "desa" is headed by a "head of village" (), who is elected by popular vote.
Most Indonesian villages use the term "desa", but other terms are used in some regions:
"Kelurahan".
Although desa and kelurahan are part of a district, a kelurahan has less autonomy than a desa. A kelurahan is headed by a "lurah". Lurahs are civil servants, directly responsible to their camats.
Statistics.
The following table lists the number of current provinces, regencies and cities in Indonesia.