Doon Valley

The Doon Valley is an unusually wide, long valley within the Sivalik Hills in the Lesser Himalayas, in the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. Within the valley lies the city of Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand state.
Etymology.
Doon or Dun () is a local word for valley, particularly an open valley in the Sivaliks or between the Sivaliks and higher Himalayan foothills. Other valleys in this region have names like Patli Dun, Kotli Dun, Pinjore Dun in Himachal.
Geography.
The Doon Valley lies between two intermittent ranges of the Himalayas, the Outer Himalayas (a.k.a. the Sivalik Hills) and the Lesser Himalayas, know locally as the Mussoorie Range. It is bounded on all sides by mountains, with northern range running from Kalsi in the west to Muni Ki Reti in the east with Mussoorie at the centre in a semi-circular arc; and southern range running at south from Paonta Sahib in the west to Haridwar in the east. The valley also forms a watershed between the Yamuna and Ganges river systems. In fact, the Yamuna and Ganges are closest to each other as they pass the Doon valley, with the Yamuna forming the western boundary and the Ganges the east. It runs 75 km long from west to east.
The Doon Valley is ecologically rich, particularly with regard to birdlife, with over 500 bird species having been recorded within the valley and in the surrounding areas, including the Mussoorie Hills and Rajaji National Park. The Reserved Forests and community forests in the region, in and around the valley are also botanically rich in terms of hardwood deciduous forests (esp. "Sal" or Shorea robusta, and Teak), flowering and fruiting trees, natural wetlands, and Terai and Bhabar ecosystems. Several rivers (e.g. Song, Tons, Suswa, Jakhan, Rispana and Asan) and a number of lesser streams flow through the valley, having their sources in either the Mussoorie Hills or the Sivalik Hills; all local rivers ultimately flow into either the Ganges or the Yamuna. Other than Rajaji National Park, the local protected areas include Asan Barrage Conservation Reserve and Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, with the 1000-acre campus of the Forest Research Institute in Dehradun representing another Important Bird Area (IBA).
Important areas.
Rajaji National Park, Kalesar National Park and Jaunsar-Bawar region adjoin the valley as well.
Towns.
"In Uttarakhand:"
"In Himachal Pradesh:"