Paludititan

Paludititan is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which lived in the area of present Romania during the Late Cretaceous. It existed in the island ecosystem known as Hațeg Island.
Description.
"Paludititan" was a small member of the Sauropoda, with a shoulder height of about . Gregory S. Paul in 2016 estimated the length of "Magyarosaurus dacus" and "Paludititan", by him considered a possible single taxon, at , the weight at one tonne.
The fossil remains show at least four unique features, autapomorphies, which demonstrate that "P. nalatzensis" is a species distinct from comparable titanosaurians. In the rear vertebrae of the back, the top of the "lamina centrodiapophysealis anterior", the front ridge on the underside of the lateral process, obliquely curving to the front and above runs parallel to the top of the "lamina centrodiapophysealis posterior", the rear ridge, instead of touching it. In the vertebrae of the tail base and the first vertebrae of the middle tail, the neural spines, while being short and erect, possess a conspicuous corner on their front rim, projecting to the front. While vertebrae of the tail base and the first vertebrae of the middle tail are procoelous, thus with a concave front facet of the vertebral centre, some middle tail vertebrae more to the rear are amphiplatous, with flat front and rear facets; but they are again followed by procoelous middle tail vertebrae. The peduncle of the ischium, touching the ilium, has a conspicuous triangular process at the outer upper rear, forming a buttress that overlaps the ischial pedicel of the ilium.
Discovery and naming.
In 2002, a Belgian-Romanian expedition uncovered a sauropod skeleton in the bed of the river Râul Mare, at Nǎlaț-Vad. It was at the time the most complete sauropod skeleton ever discovered in Romania. In 2010, the type species "Paludititan nalatzensis" was named and described by Zoltán Csiki, Vlad Codrea, Cǎtǎlin Jipa-Murzea and Pascal Godefroit. The generic name is derived from Latin "palus", "marsh" and Greek Titan. The specific name refers to its finding place Nǎlaț-Vad.
The holotype, UBB NVM1, was found in the Hațeg Basin, in a silty mudstone layer of the Sânpetru Formation, dating from the early Maastrichtian. It consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. It contains three dorsal vertebrae, at least nine caudal vertebrae, twelve chevrons, the right half of the pelvis, a left ischium, the lower end of the right thighbone, and two toe claws. The remains were not found in articulation but in such close association that it is likely they represent a single individual.
The describing authors of "Paludititan" considered the possibility that the skeleton was a specimen of "Magyarosaurus dacus", a coeval titanosaurian sauropod sharing the same habitat. Overlapping remains were identical. On the other hand, they did not show any shared unique traits, synapomorphies, and "M. dacus" is known from a different location. They felt justified to name a separate taxon, pending further discoveries.
Evolutionary relationships.
"Paludititan" was placed in 2010 in the Titanosauria. More precisely, it was considered a probable member of the Lithostrotia. Cladistic analysis suggested it was a sister species of the South American "Epachthosaurus".
Paleoecology.
"Paludititan" lived on the Cretaceous Hațeg Island with a diverse assemblage of animals, including other island dwarfs such as its relative "Magyarosaurus", the hadrosaurid "Telmatosaurus" and the iguanodontian "Zalmoxes". Other endemic dinosaurs include the nodosaurid "Struthiosaurus", several small, fragmentary maniraptorans "Bradycneme", "Elopteryx", "Heptasteornis", and the avialan "Balaur". The top predator of the island ecosystem was the giant azhdarchid pterosaur "Hatzegopteryx".