Tabal

Tabal (c.f. biblical "Tubal") was a Luwian speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom (and/or collection of kingdoms) of South Central Anatolia during the Iron Age. According to archaeologist Kurt Bittel, references to Tabal first appeared after the collapse of the Hittite Empire. Tabal was likely an exonym applied by the Assyrians to Cappadocia. While its native name is uncertain, it is possible that it was called Sura, as mentioned in the records of Yariri, ruler of Carchemish.
Originally, Tabal was likely the name of a region or collection of kingdoms. However, Tabal may have later consolidated into a single kingdom, perhaps annexing, or being annexed by, the neighboring kingdom of Melid. 
According to Lorenzo D'alfonso, the Tabalians may have, at least partially, descended form the Nairi tribe Tuali. 
The Assyrian king Shalmaneser III records that he received gifts from their 24 kings in 837 BC and the following year. A century later, their king Burutash is mentioned in an inscription of king Tiglath-Pileser III. The kings of Tabal have left a number of inscriptions from the 9th-8th centuries BC in hieroglyphic-Luwian in the Turkish villages of Çalapverdi and Alişar.
During the Sargon II, Tabal entered in an alliance with the Mushki and Carchemish to counter Assyria. 
Toward the end of the 8th century BC, Tabal was at least partially conquered by Assyria. 
In 640 BC, inspired by the Cimmerians, the Tabalian king Mugallu rebelled against Ashurbanipal. However, Mugallu was defeated. 
Tabal and its people are often linked to the tribe of the Tibareni ("Tibarenoi" in Greek, "Thobeles" in Josephus) who lived near the Black Sea. They are mentioned in the works of Hecataeus of Miletus, Herodotus, Xenophon and Strabo. Apollonius of Rhodes, writing in the 3rd century BC, stated that the Tibarenoi were Scythians. Whether there is really any connection between the Tibareni of the Black Sea coast and the Tabal kingdom of Southern Anatolia is uncertain, ancient authors may have already confused the two.
The known rulers of Tabal are: