Geology of Cuba

The geology of Cuba differs significantly from that of other Caribbean islands because of ancient 900 million year old Precambrian Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the Santa Clara province and extensive Jurassic and Cretaceous outcrops. 
Western and central Cuba are a deformed orogen, that came about due to the collision of an island arc in the Cretaceous with the Florida-Bahamas platform. As a result, the Cuban ophiolite zone became obducted and a northward verging fold and thrust belt formed. A second small orogeny took place in the Paleocene and Eocene. Eastern Cuba, southeast of the Cauto Basin, by contrast has a Cenozoic volcanic arc complex, with ophiolites north and east of the Sierra Maestra as Mesozoic-age orogen rocks overlain by Paleogene sedimentary rocks and tuff. Sedimentation due to the tectonic activity continued into the Oligocene.
Earthquakes.
Cuba is located in an area with several active fault systems which produce on average about 2,000 seismic events each year. While most registered seismic events pass unnoticed, the island has been struck by a number of destructive earthquakes over the past four centuries, including several major quakes with a magnitude of 7.0 or above. The most recent strong earthquake occurred in 1992 when the main tremor measured 6.9 on the Richter Scale. This was followed by a magnitude 7.7 quake on January 28, 2020.