Ulster English

Ulster English (, , also called Northern Hiberno-English or Northern Irish English) is the variety of English spoken in most of the Irish province of Ulster and throughout Northern Ireland. The dialect has been influenced by the Ulster Irish and Scots languages, the latter of which was brought over by Scottish settlers during the Plantation of Ulster and subsequent settlements throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.
The two major divisions of Ulster English are "Mid-Ulster English", the most widespread variety, and "Ulster Scots English", spoken in much of northern County Antrim along a continuum with the Scots language. "Southern Ulster English" is a transitional dialect between Mid-Ulster English and Hiberno-English.
Phonology.
In general, Ulster English speakers' declarative sentences (with typical grammatical structure, i.e. non-topicalized statements) end with a rise in pitch, which is often heard by speakers of non-Ulster English as a question-like intonation pattern.
The following phonetics are represented using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
Vowels.
In the following chart, "UE" refers to Ulster English, which includes Mid-Ulster English (which may incorporate older, more traditional Mid-Ulster English), as well as Ulster Scots (English). "SSIE" here refers to a mainstream, supraregional southern Hiberno-English, used in the chart for the sake of comparison.
Other, less overarching features of some Ulster varieties include:
Grammar derived from Irish or Scottish Gaelic.
The morphology and syntax of Irish is quite different from that of English, and it has influenced both Northern and Southern Hiberno-English to some degree.
Irish has separate forms for the second person singular ("tú") and the second person plural ("sibh"), ("thou" and "ye" respectively in archaic and some intimate, informal English). Ulster English mirrors Irish in that the singular "you" is distinguished from the plural "you". This is normally done by using the words "yous", "yousuns" or "yis". For example:
Irish lacks words that directly translate as "yes" or "no", and instead repeats the verb in a question (positively or negatively) to answer. As such, Northern and Southern Hiberno-English use "yes" and "no" less frequently than other English dialects. For example:
This is not necessarily true in Ulster English where "Aye" for yes and "Naw" for no are used, probably a Scottish influence.
The absence of the verb "have" in Irish has influenced some grammar. The concept of "have" is expressed in Irish by the construction "ag" ("at") "mé" ("me") to create "agam" ("at me"). Hence, Ulster English speakers sometimes use the verb "have" followed by "with me/on me". For example:
Vocabulary.
Much non-standard vocabulary found in Ulster English and many meanings of Standard English words peculiar to the dialect come from Scots and Irish. Some examples are shown in the table below. Many of these are also used in Southern Hiberno-English, especially in the northern half of the island.
! Ulster English
! Standard English
! Type
! Notes