Miocochilius

Miocochilius is an extinct genus of small notoungulate mammals (insectivore typotheres) native to South America. The genus lived during the Middle Miocene epoch (Laventan in the SALMA classification). The genus contains two described species, the type species "M. anomopodus" described in 1953 by Ruben Arthur Stirton and "M. federicoi", described and included in the genus by Darin A. Croft.
Fossils of "Miocochilius" have been found at the Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia, where it is the most abundant mammal, the Honda Group of Bolivia ("M. federicoi") and the Ipururo Formation in the Ucayali Basin of Peru. The typothere lived alongside a rich faunal assemblage comprising many other mammals, crocodylians, turtles and lizards.
Description.
The genus "Miocochilius" was first described by Ruben Arthur Stirton in 1953, based on a nearly complete and numerous incomplete skeletons found in the Honda Group of Colombia. The type species was named "M. anomopodus". More fossils of this species were found at La Venta and in the Ipururo Formation in Peru.
The holotype specimen of the small typothere, a cursorial insectivore, had a cerebral hemisphere length of , canines of and a cheekbone of . The premaxilla measured .
A second species, "M. federicoi", was described by Darin A. Croft in 2007 based on a maxilla found in the Honda Group of Bolivia. The species epithet refers to Federico Anaya, a scientist and field collector who has been instrumental in advancing vertebrate paleontology in Bolivia. "M. federicoi" differs from "Eopachyrucos", "Santiagorothia", "Proargyrohyrax", "Archaeophylus" and "Progaleopithecus" in having extremely high crowned teeth. The described species is differentiated from the Chasicoan to Colloncuran genus "Protypotherium" in having more open lingual enamel folds, variable presence of small median lobe on upper molars, and molars with more rounded distal lobes. The species also is different than "Plagiarthrus" in the absence of fossettes on the upper molars. Compared to "Cochilius" and the Colloncuran "Interatherium", "Miocochilius federicoi" has a longer, low skull. The author inclined to describe the specimen as a separate genus, but finally included the species in "Miocochilius".
Paleoecology.
"Miocochilius" shared its habitat with many other mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The Colombian specimens were found in fluvial claystones of the "Monkey Unit", El Líbano sands and clays, San Nicolas Unit, Upper Red Bed and the Baraya Volcanic Member of the Villavieja Formation and the Cerro Gordo Member of the La Victoria Formation of the Honda Group. Fossils of "Miocochilius", the most abundant mammal at La Venta, were found alongside the primates "Mohanamico hershkovitzi", "Neosaimiri fieldsi" and "Stirtonia tatacoensis", the rodents "Scleromys colombianus", "S. schurmanni", "Drytomomys aequatorialis", "Neoreomys huilensis", "Eodolichotis maddeni", "Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana", "Prodolichotis guerreroi" and "P. pridiana", the ant eater "Neotamandua borealis", the bat "Notonycteris magdalenensis", the pampatheriid "Scirrotherium hondaensis", other notoungulates "Pericotoxodon platignathus", "Huilatherium pluripicatum", the sea cow "Potamosiren magdalenensis", the sparassodonts "Hondadelphys fieldsi" and "Lycopsis longirostrus", the litoptern "Megadolodus molariformis" and the ground sloth "Pseudoprepotherium confusum". The assemblage also contained the crocodylians "Purussaurus neivensis" and "Charactosuchus fieldsi", the caiman lizard "Dracaena colombiana", and the turtles "Geochelone" and "Podocnemis pritchardi".
The fossils belong to the "Xenastrapotherium kraglievichi"-"Granastrapotherium snorki" assemblage at La Venta. Based on vegetational and grazer diversity analysis of the La Venta fauna, it has been suggested the ecosystem resembled more that of Africa and Asia than of the modern Neotropics.
The Peruvian specimen was collected in a conglomerate, deposited in a storm-dominated coastal to fluvial environment, alternatively described as lacustrine and paludal, at the Fitzcarrald Arch in the Ucayali Basin of Amazonian Peru. Other mammals found in the same location were the toxodont "Pericotoxodon cf. platignathus", glyptodonts "Boreostemma" and "Parapropalaehoplophorus septentrionalis", the ground sloth "Urumacotherium" and rodent "Drytomomys cf. aequatorialis".
The Bolivian species "M. federicoi" was discovered in fluvial silty claystones of the Honda Group, dated on the basis of 40K/40Ar analysis at 12.83 ± 0.11 Ma and 11.96 ± 0.11 Ma. The fossil was accompanied by a large variety of rodents, sparassodonts, litopterns, notoungulates and the glyptodonts "Hapalops angustipalatus", "Hiskatherium saintandrei" and "Propalaehoplophorus andinus". In total, 30 different genera of mammals are described from the Quebrada Honda fauna, while 68 genera were described at La Venta.