Llap (region)

Llap Region (, "Region of Llap"; , "Plain of Lab"), is a region located in the north-eastern part of Kosovo. Llap in the broadest sense includes the watershed of the Lab/Llap river. The Lab water collection begins in the mount of Kopaonik in the north and west, and ends by joining the Sitnica river in Lumadh/Velika Reka, municipality of Vučitrn/Vushtrri, in the north-west of Prishtina. The topographic watershed of the Lab covers an area of 945.4 km. This area approximately corresponds to the administrative territory of the municipality of Podujevo in the current division of Kosovo. Podujevo as a city in the Llap region is the most important economic, political, administrative, educational, cultural and health center. About 120 villages gravitate to this region, although some of them administratively belong to the municipalities of Prishtina, Vučitrn or Mitrovica. The municipality of Podujevo includes 78 villages.
Etymology.
The territory of Llap is named after the hydronym Llap (Albanian name for the Lab river). Many scholars take the hydronym Lab as ancient and bring it from an alb-, from which lab-, alp- could emerge.
Geography.
The Llap region is located on north-east part of Kosovo. The average elevation of Llap is 825m (Anonymos, 1995).Through this region pass the main road and border which connects Kosovo and Serbia. Along Llap Region since Illyrian-Romam period, passed an important Balkan Route Lissus-Naissus (Lezhë-Niš) or Via De Zenta, which connected the Adriatic Coast with central part of Balkan Peninsula. In north-east and east of the region are two important saddles: Përpellac Saddle (813m) and Merdar Saddle (647m oversea level) (Anonymos, 1995). 
Llap region as a microgeographical whole is divided into three parts:
History.
Prehistory.
This region was ruled by an Illyrian tribe, Dardani where the Kingdom of Dardania took place. The south part of the region, the Gallap of Llap, were inhabited by Galabri tribe. This may prove the origin of the toponym Gallap, which is thought to come from the name of this tribe. Strabo writes that they are a "people of the Dardaniatae, in whose land is an ancient city". In the village of Gllamnik has been found an ancient locality who is believed to be Vindenis. This locality belongs to the Roman period (I-IV centuries) and that of late antiquity (IV-VI centuries). Although the excavations at this site were quite modest (a total of 534 m2 or only 2% of the area was excavated), they shed light on traces of Roman antiquity where special discoveries such as the Orpheus Mosaic, unique in the Balkans and beyond.
Ottoman Period.
Considering the fact that Kosovo was under Ottoman Rule, also Podujevo remained under Ottoman Rule from 1455 to 1912. In the first Ottoman records of the Sanjak of Vučitrn in 1455, we encounter the Nahija of Llap which was the second largest nahija in this sanjak. Nahija had 219 settlements, which includes some villages of today's municipalities of: Mitrovica, Vučitrn, Obilić, about 90% of Prishtina and Podujevo as a whole. In the Defter of Jizya of 1485, Llapi had 5,952 Christian families while in 1488/89 Llapi had 7,399 households. In the Ottman records of 1566-74, Nahija of Llap was divided into 4 smaller nahijas: Llap, Goljak, Belasnica and Trepča. After the partition, Nahija of Llap extended to the present territory of the municipality of Podujevo as a whole, and a large part of the municipality of Prishtina, to the southernmost villages of this municipality.
In the 18th century the Nahija of Llap was part of the Sanjak of Pristina. At this time, Llapi lost many residents due to two plagues who stroke the place. During the Austro-Ottoman war the Austrian army destroyed and robbed the city of Podujevo twice. During the First Serbian Uprising, the Serbian army got into the village of Reçica/Rečica and killed 30 people of Demë Ahmeti's house, an Albanian national hero. This happened at 28 June 1811, during the feast of Eid. The rebellion against Ottomans started when Sulltan Abdyl Mejid proclaimed “The Saint Decree of Julhane” in 1839 which increased taxes and so it brought many rebellions. The population of Llapi fought against these reforms and during 1843 the Ottomans temporary left Llapi and started to organize the reoccupation. The rebels gathered many soldiers from the surrounding region and they won the battles against Ottomans, taking Pristina and stimulating a bigger rebellion in other regions. This rebellion was extinguished in 1847. When Serbia acquired the Sanjak of Nis in 1877, many Albanians started to leave their houses and to come to the other parts of Kosovo, where Llapi was tone of their first destinations. There is not a single village in Podujevo where Muhajirs or migrants cannot be found, furthermore, they established new villages. Albanians of Llapi, since the First League of Prizren did not pay taxes to the Ottomans. Afterwards, the Ottomans built a military cantonment during 1892 and 1899 since they detected Serbian Army movements near the border. The Albanian rebellion against Ottomans during 1906 was primary organized in the Llapi region. Another rebellion was that of 1910 which started in the Llapi region. The relationships between the residents and the Sublime Porte were becoming very fraught and when Sulltan Mehmed V came to visit Kosovo, very few Llapi residents were present. Llapi is also known for its cooperation with Isa Boletini, who during 1911 operated around this zone. Many soldiers from around the villages of Llapi and Gallapi pledged loyalty to Boletini in 1912, in the Bradash pledge. Their goal was to initiate the general Albanian rebellion against Ottoman Rule and they were part of the rebellion until it ended.
Modern.
In 1997, the Kosovo Liberation Army was formed so Yugoslav authorities started brutal campaign against it in 1998. For such reason, NATO started Military campaign so it could protect the civilian population. In March 1999, the Scorpions killed 14 Albanian civilians. After the war, the process of establishing Municipal Assembly began in 2002. Later in 17 of February 2008, Kosovo declared its independence. During the Kosovo War (1998-1999), the town was the site of the Podujevo massacre, on March 28, in which 14 Kosovo Albanian women and children were executed by Serbian paramilitary forces.
The road coming into Podujevo from the city of Niš was the site of the 2001 Podujevo bus bombing, in which a bus carrying Serb pilgrims traveling to the Gračanica monastery site was bombed. Twelve Serb pilgrims were killed and dozens more were injured by the bomb-blast. Kosovo Albanian extremists have been blamed for the attack.