Sierra Madre Formation

The Sierra Madre Formation is a geologic formation in Chiapas state, southern Mexico. It consists of marine dolomites and limestones. The formation dates to the Middle Cretaceous, spanning from the Aptian of the Early to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.
The dolomites, dolomitic breccias and limestones of the formation have been deposited in a lagoonal to estuarine environment and contain many fossil fish, flora and rudists, typical reef-building organisms of the Cretaceous.
The formation rests on top of the Santiago and San Ricardo Formations, and is overlain by the Campanian to Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation. The thickness of a composite section of the formation amounts to .
Description.
The Sierra Madre Formation was first formally described by Gutiérrez Gil in 1956, but previously reported by other authors (Böse, 1905; Ver Wiebe, 1925; Müllerried, 1936; Imlay, 1944). The formation was studied in more detail and subdivided in several members (Chubb, 1959; Sánchez-Montes de Oca, 1969; Zavala-Moreno, 1971; Castro-Mora et al., 1975; Michaud, 1987; Quezada-Muñetón, 1987).
A composed thickness of was suggested by Steele and Waite (1986) for the Sierra Madre Formation, subdivided into 21 lithofacies. The lowermost lithofacies corresponds to the stratigraphic level of El Espinal quarry, defined by Steele and Waite (1986) as dolomite and dolomitic breccia, located between from the base of the formation, which rests conformably on top of the to Early Cretaceous San Ricardo Formation. The top is covered unconformably by the to Ocozocoautla Formation.
The depositional environment is described as an environment with high oxygen concentration and high primary productivity with sporadic influence of strong waves and/or currents in a brackish marginal marine environment; shallow lagoon or estuary.
Fossil content.
The formation preserves fossil fish, flora and marine invertebrates dating back to the Cretaceous period, ranging from the of the to the of the .
The fossils in El Espinal quarry were found in finely laminated orange clay layers interbedded with dolomitic limestone and interbedded with relatively thick layers of cream limestone that range from , with some layers showing ripples, desiccation cracks, algal mats, and flat-pebble conglomerates.
Similar fossils have been found in the Tlayúa Formation, of in Puebla, southern Mexico, as fishes, one odonate nymph and isopods.
Fish.
Fossils of "Archaeochiapasa mardoqueoi" and "Pepemkay", a Cenomanian prehistoric ray-finned fish, were found in the formation. Other prehistoric fish fossils, found in quarries near the Municipality of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, include Macrosemiids ("Macrosemiocotzus" species), Clupeomorphs ("Triplomystus applegatei" and "Paraclupea"-like species), and Alepisauriformes ("Saurorhamphus" and "Enchodus" species).
Rudists.
These rudists are reported from the formation:
Flora.
The following flora were found in the formation: