Foreign national

A foreign national is any person (including an organization) who is not a national of a specific country. For example, a foreign national is something or someone who is neither a citizen nor a national of the United States. The same applies in Canada.
Canada.
The law of Canada divides people into three major groups: citizens, permanent residents, and foreign nationals. Under Section 2 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection of Canada (IRPA), "foreign national means a person who is not a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident, and includes a stateless person."
United States.
The term "foreign national" is not defined in the Immigration and Nationality Act, which instead uses the term alien to cover many classes of people who do not qualify as nationals of the United States. Lawful permanent residents of the United States are generally perceived as foreign nationals, but they can at any time and anywhere in the world legally claim to also being nationals of the United States (Americans). Such legal claim must be plausible and not frivolous because anyone who knowingly makes a false United States citizenship or nationality claim can be prosecuted and even removed from the country. 
Foreign national is used in US election laws to identify people who are not allowed to contribute to federal campaigns. For that purpose, "the term 'foreign national' means... an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or a national of the United States (as defined in section 1101(a)(22) of title 8) and who is not lawfully admitted for permanent residence, as defined by section 1101(a)(20) of title 8."
References.
"This article is in most part based on the law of the United States, including statutory and latest published case law."