Arsinoitherium

Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda. It is related to elephants, sirenians, hyraxes and the extinct desmostylians. Arsinoitheres were superficially rhinoceros-like herbivores that lived during the late Eocene and the early Oligocene of northern Africa from 36 to 30 million years ago, in areas of tropical rainforest and at the margin of mangrove swamps. A species described in 2004, "A. giganteum", lived in Ethiopia about 27 million years ago.
Taxonomy.
The best-known (and first-described) species is "A. zitteli". Another species, "A. giganteum", was discovered in the Ethiopian highlands of Chilga in 2003. The fossil teeth, far larger than those of "A. zitteli", date to around 28–27 million years ago. While the Fayum Oasis is the only site where complete skeletons of "Arsinoitherium" fossils were recovered, arsinoitheriids have been found in southeastern Europe, including "Crivadiatherium" from Romania, and "Hypsamasia" and "Palaeoamasia" from Turkey.
The generic name "Arsinoitherium" comes from Pharaoh Arsinoe I, after whom the Faiyum Oasis, the region in which the fossils were found, was called during Ptolemaic Kingdom, and the "theríon" "beast". The species epithet of the type species, "A. zitteli", was given to it in honor of the eminent German paleontologist Karl Alfred Ritter von Zittel, regarded by some as the pioneer of paleontology in Egypt.
Description.
When alive, they would have superficially resembled a rhinoceros. Adults of the species "A. zitteli" stood around tall at the shoulders and in length. The most noticeable features of "Arsinoitherium" were a pair of enormous horns above the nose (these horns most likely obscured the animal's forward vision) and a second pair of tiny knob-like horns over the eyes. Typically portrayed as similar to the ossicones of modern giraffes, they were structurally similar to the horns of modern bovids. The skeleton is robust and the limbs were columnar, similar to those of elephants; the hips were also elephant-like. "Arsinoitherium" had a full complement of 44 teeth, which is the primitive state of placental mammalian dentition, with characteristics suggesting that it was a selective browser.
Distribution.
Fossils of "Arsinoitherium" have been found in: