Liu Guosong

Liu Kuo-sung (Liu Guosong) (; born 26 April 1932) is a Taiwanese artist based in Taipei, Taiwan. Liu is widely regarded as one of the earliest and most important advocates and practitioners of modernist Chinese painting. He is also a writer on contemporary Chinese art.
Biography.
Born in 1932 in China’s Anhui Province, Liu Kuo-sung traces his ancestry to the city of Qingzhou in Shandong Province. Years later, he would eventually settle in Taiwan in 1949. Previous tenures he has held include chair of the Department of Fine Arts at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, visiting professor respectively at the University of Iowa and at the University of Wisconsin in the United States, dean of the Graduate Institute of Plastic Arts at the Tainan National University of the Arts in Taiwan as well as honorary professorships at a number of major universities and prestigious fine art academies in China. Currently, he is both chair professor at National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) as well as dean of the Academy of Contemporary Ink Art at the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts. 
At the age of 14, Liu commenced his training in traditional Chinese painting in Wuchang of Hubei Province. Six years later, he veered into the study of Western painting and in 1956, he graduated from the Department of Fine arts at NTNU. Resolved to drive the modernization of Chinese painting through a concerted integration of Western elements, the young artist founded Fifth Moon Group. Within five years however, Liu sensed a discordance in his pursuit of Western art trends and their popular ideologies. In fact, he increasingly felt a calling to return to his roots and invest his energies in propagating the rich legacies of Chinese culture. The modernization of Chinese painting became his mission: he proclaimed that “imitating the new cannot replace imitating the old; copying Western art cannot replace copying Chinese art.” In 1961, Taiwan saw the rise of its modern ink painting. By 1963, practices have coalesced into a veritable movement, even casting influence on contemporaries hailing from other East Asian countries.
At the beginning of 1983, Liu delivered three public lectures at Beijing’s Central Academy of Fine Arts at its joint invitation with the China Artists Association. At the same time, a solo exhibition of his works was mounted at the National Art Museum of China; it then travelled to 18 major Chinese cities over the following three years. Accompanying the tour was an extensive series of talks and discussions, through which Liu advocated for the diversification of traditional literati painting. 
The year 2007 was a monumental one: Beijing’s Palace Museum broke with tradition, making an exception by hosting “The Universe in the mind: Liu Kuo-sung Paintings 60 Years Retrospective Exhibition” in a space that had been exclusively reserved for displaying classical masterpieces, thus sanctioning the artist’s significance in Chinese art history as well as legitimizing the place of modern ink painting in mainstream discourse. 
Subsequently, Liu received the National Award for Arts from Taiwan’s National Culture and Arts Foundation in 2008, the Award for Lifetime Achievement at the very first biannual China Arts Award organized by Chinese National Academy of Arts in 2011, made an honorary member of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles in 2016 and conferred with the Executive Yuan Cultural Prize by the Taiwanese government in 2017. In 2016, he was the very first Chinese painter to be granted a foreign honorary membership from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. And in 2019, the Liu Kuo-sung Archives and Hong Kong’s The Ink Society officially inaugurated the “Liu Kuo-sung Ink Art Award” in recognition of promising young talents in contemporary ink art, providing them with international platforms for display. 
Until today, up to 100 exhibitions and retrospectives have been organized of Liu’s vast repertoire. More than half of these were invitations from museums all over the world. More than 70 institutions—Beijing’s Palace Museum and London’s British Museum among them—have acquired his works into their permanent collections. Monographs on Liu’s practice have been published in Chinese, English and German. Numerous collegiate art textbooks widely used at American and German universities cite his theories and include illustrations of his paintings. For posterity, he will be known as “the father of modern Chinese ink painting.”
Chronology.
1932 Born on April 26, in Bangbu, Anhui province, China.
1956 Graduated 1st from the Fine Arts Department of the Taiwan Normal University, and organized Western Paintings of Four Artists exhibition at the school. Founded the “Fifth Moon Group” with the encouragement of his professor Liao Jichun.
1957 The first exhibition of the Fifth Moon Group opened in Taipei, and initiated a new art movement in Taiwan. Represented Taiwan and participated in Young Asian Artists exhibition in Tokyo.
1958 Began to write articles about art theory to advocate modern Chinese art in Taiwan.
1959 Participated in Brazil’s Sao Paolo Biennial and France’s Paris Youth Biennial. Described as “genius” by France’s Le Figaro Newspaper. Turned away from complete Westernization to adopt a cultural position in which “the East and the West are merged”. Began to use plaster models on canvases, and to add elements of ink painting to oil paintings. Moved to Tainan and worked at the Architecture Department of National Cheng Kung University as teaching assistant for Professor Guo Bochuan.
1961 Married to Ms. Lee Mohua. Abandoned oil and canvas, and returned to the world of ink and paper; led the “Modern Chinese Painting Movement” and developed new painting techniques. Wrote an essay in response to Xu Fuguan’s “The Retrogressive Trend in Modern Art”, and set off the “battle over modern painting”. 
1963 Pioneered the use of rough fiber cotton paper, and invented “Liu Kuo-sung Paper” which inspired a new painting style. His work Clouds Know no Emptiness was collected by the Hong Kong Museum of Art, the first time his work is being collected by a museum.
1965 First solo exhibition at the Taiwan Museum of Art（now National Taiwan Arts Education Center) in Taipei. Participant of Asia Pioneer Artist exhibition tour in 10 cities in Asia. First collection of essays The Road to Modern Chinese Painting published by Wen-Hsing Bookstore, Taipei. Invited to participate in China Modern Art exhibition organized and held at Galleria del Palazzo delle Exposizioni in Rome, Italy.
1966 Second collection of essays Copying, Drawing, Creating published by Wen-Hsin Bookstore, Taipei. First catalogue Paintings by Liu Kuo sung published by Taipei National Museum of History. Recommended by Prof. Li Chu-tsing, was the first Taiwan artist to win the John D. Rockefeller III Fund two-year travel grant to travel the world. First US solo exhibition held at Laguna Beach Museum of Art in California. Studied printmaking at the University of Iowa for three months, traveled around US for four months, and then lived in New York for nine months.
1967 First New York solo exhibition at Lee Nordness Gallery, and received good review from New York Times art critic John Canaday. Represented by Lee Nordness Gallery. Invited by The William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art in Kansas City, Missouri to hold a solo exhibition. Left US for Europe in May and spent 5 months in Europe. Returned to Taipei in October. 
1968 Named Taiwan’s “Ten Outstanding Youths”. Founded Taiwan’s Chinese Painting Study Society, and continued to advocate the modernization of Chinese painting.
1969 Inspired by pictures of the earth taken from the moon by the American Apollo 8 spacecraft, began painting the “Space Series”; the first work in the series Which is Earth? won the first prize at the “Mainstream ‘69” in US. Solo exhibition Paintings by Liu Kuo sung held at the Taiwan National Museum of History, and at the same time Liu Kuo-sung : The Growth of a Modern Chinese Artist by Professor Li Chu-tsing (English version) was also published by the museum.
1972 Appointed Chairman of the Fine Arts Department at the Chinese University of Hong Kong; created the first “Modern Chinese Ink Painting” curriculum.
1974 Published essay "Discussion on Painting Techniques" and introduced his hugely controversial theories of "overturning the center tip" and "overturning the brush". Participated in Asia Modern Art Exhibition at Ueno No Mori Art Museum in Tokyo, Japan. Participated in Contemporary Chinese Painting and Calligraphy exhibition at Yale University Art Gallery; exhibition toured at various museums in the United States.
1980 Invited by the Iowa-Illinois Art Critics Association as visiting artist for a year, delivering lectures and master classes at various colleges and universities, education television programs, and museums.
1981 Invited to Beijing for the inauguration of the Chinese Painting Research Institute and exhibited his works for the first time in China. Participated in Peinture Chinoises Tradionnelles exhibition at Musee Cernuschi in Paris, France.
1983 Solo exhibitions at National Art Museum of China in Beijing and Jiangsu Provincial Art Museum in Nanjing; gave 3 public lectures by the invitation of Central Academy of Fine Arts; Liu’s solo exhibition tour continued in 18 different cities throughout China for the next three years.
1984 Paintings by Liu Kuo-sung published by Beijing’s People’s Fine Arts Publishing House. Participated in Beijing’s Sixth National Art Exhibition, and won the “Special Achievement Award”. Participated in Hong Kong Art Museum's 20th Century Chinese Paintings Exhibition.
1985 Liu was invited by France’s Salon de Mai to include Liu’s painting Deeply inside the Mountain’s Breath as part of the salon exhibition in Paris. Zhou Shaohua’s The Construction of Liu Kuo-sung’s Art was published by Hubei Fine Arts Publishing House.
1987 Visited Tibet in August and since created the “Tibetan Landscape Series”. Participated in Exhibition of International Art of Suiboku at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum in Japan. Participated in Contemporary Chinese Painting Exhibition at the Vancouver Art Gallery in Canada. Participated in Chinese Modern Painting Exhibition at Brussels City Hall in Belgium.
1990 Major retrospective exhibition at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum, and catalog published.
1992 Invited to participate at the “Eastern Aesthetics and Modern Art Symposium” at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum; published pedagogical theory of “First Be Different, Then Be Refined”. Retrospective at 60 exhibition held at Taiwan Museum of Art in Taichung. Retired from Chinese University of Hong Kong, moved to Taichung, Taiwan; joined Tunghai University as visiting professor.
1996 Appointed head of Fine Arts Research Institute at the Tainan National College of the Arts (now Tainan National University of the Arts). Liu Kuo-sung Research Exhibition at Taipei National Museum of History; Hsiao Chong Ray’s Liu Kuo-sung Research and Lee Chun-yi's Liu Kuo-sung Essays was also published by Taipei National Museum of History. Chen Lusheng’s A Study of Liu Kuo-sung was published by Guangxi Fine Arts Publisher.
1998 The only artist from Taiwan invited to participate in China: 5000 Years exhibition at the Guggenheim Museum in New York and Bilbao. Invited by the German Cultural Institute, traveled through Europe and participated in Expectation 2000 : Chinese Modern Art Exhibition. Edition Global in Germany used Liu’s painting High Cliff as the cover of the university textbook Brucken und Bruche: Chinas Malerei im 20. Jahrhundert, and also wrote about Liu’s influence in contemporary Chinese painting. Liu's collection of essays Obsessed Forever published by Shandong Pictorial Publisher.
2000 Invited to lecture at Tibet University; visited Mount Everest and since lost hearing in his left ear. Liu Kuo-sung—Yu Kwang-chung: Reflexion and Elegance published by Hebei Education Publishing House.
2001 Visited Jiuzhaigou and moved by the beauty of nature, started to experiment with new technique to create Jiuzhaigou series. The West is Vast: Paintings by Liu Kuo-sung exhibition at Chengdu Art Museum.
2002 The Universe in the Mind: A Retrospective of Liu Kuo-sung at 70 exhibition toured among China History Museum (now National Museum of China) in Beijing, Shanghai Art Museum, Guangdong Museum of Art and various venues in Taipei. Awarded “Outstanding Alumni” by the National Taiwan Normal University. Collected Essays of Liu Kuo-sung’s Talk of Art, edited by Lee Chun-yi, was published by Henan Fine Arts Publishing House.
2004 A Universe of His Own exhibition at Hong Kong Museum of Art, and exhibition catalog published. Invited to Chinese University of Hong Kong as visiting scholar. Awarded “Honorary Professor” by the Tainan National University of the Arts. Liu’s painting The Metaphysics of Rocks and his theoretical writings was included in the university textbook Modern History of East Asia, published by Thomson Publisher in US.
2006 Rhythm of Mind exhibition at Zhejiang provincial Museum, Westlake Museum and Hunan Provincial Museum. Invited by Harvard University to participate in “New Chinese Paintings” symposium and to deliver a speech. After visiting Zhangjiajie, created a new “ Zhangjiajie Series”. Liu's work Tianzishan in Summer: Zhangjiajie Series No.9 was collected by the Beijing Palace Museum.
2007 Universe in the Mind: 60 Years of paintings by Liu Guosong exhibition at the Wuyingdian Hall of the Palace Museum in Beijing, Shanghai Museum of Art and Guangdong Art Museum. Liu Guosong’s Road to Modern Chinese Painting, written by Lin Mu, was published by Chengdu Sichuan Fine Art Publishing House. The Universe and My Heart: Liu Guosong’s Road to Art Creation, written by Chang Mon-Chi and Liu Su-Yu, was published by Taiwan Art & Collection Group.
2008 Awarded Taiwan’s “National Award for Arts”.
2009 Universe in Mind: Liu Guosong 60 Years of Paintings exhibition at Hubei Provincial Museum, Ningxia Provincial Museum, Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum and Hefei Yaming Museum. Invited as "visiting professor" and taught at Southwest University and Sichuan Fine Arts Institute in China.
2011 Liu Kuo-sung : A 80-year Retrospective exhibition at the National Art Museum of China, Beijing. The Spirit of Ink Painting—Biography of Liu Guosong, written by Hsiao Chong Ray, published by Taiwan Vista Publishing. Awarded China Arts Award “Lifetime Achievement Award” by the Chinese National Academy of Arts.
2012 A Man of East, West, South and North—Liu Kuo-Sung 80th Birthday Retrospective Exhibition at the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts. Invited to participate in Handscroll Vision : The 2nd Chinese Painting Biennial of Hangzhou exhibition.
2013 Shandong Museum opened the permanent "Liu Guosong Modern Ink Art Gallery" with more than 80 works of Liu.
2014 Revolution | Renaissance: The Art of Liu Kuo-Sung exhibition at the National Museum of History in Taipei. Awarded “Outstanding Artist” by Asian Society in Hong Kong.
2015 Revolution | Renaissance: The Art of Liu Kuo-Sung Asia Tour Exhibition at Singapore MoCA@LOEWEN, National Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta and Museum of Contemporary Art, Bangkok. Invited by both Stanford University and the China National Academy of Arts to give lecture with Stanford University Physics Professor Peter Michelson titled "Echoes of Art and Science: Creative Exploration of the Universe"
2016 Echo of the Universe: Ink Art of Liu Kuo-Sung at the China Art Museum in Shanghai, China. Awarded Foreign Honorary Member from the American Academy of Arts and Science, first Chinese painter to receive this honor. Awarded Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon by the President of Taiwan
2017 Awarded 36th "Nation Cultural Award" in Taiwan. Retrospective Exhibition of Liu Guosong's Works of Art at the Shandong Museum, China. Participate in Boundless: Ongoing - Chinese Ink Art 2017 exhibition at the Art Museum of Sichuan Fine Arts Institute. A Tribute to Liu Kuo-sung special exhibition organized by Ink Society in Hong Kong at Ink Asia. The Weight of Lightness: Ink Art at M+ included Liu's work that is part of M+'s collection.
2018 Appointed as the inaugural dean of the newly founded Academy of Contemporary Ink Art at the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts. Initiated and organized the Beyond Ink exhibition at the China Art Museum in Shanghai as part of the 21st Shanghai Art Festival organized by the Academy of Contemporary Ink Art at the Shanghai Institute of Visual Arts.
2019 Inaugural "Liu Kuo-sung Ink Award" was presented by the Liu Kuo-sung Archives and the Ink Society in Hong Kong. A Man of East, West, South and North - Father of Modern Ink Liu Kuo-sung biography by Chang Mon-Chi and Liu Su-Yu was published by Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei. To the Moon - Liu Kuo-sung exhibition at the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts.
2020 Participate in Longing for Nature: Reading Landscapes in Chinese Art exhibition at Museum Rietberg, Zürich, Switzerland.
Selected solo exhibitions.
1965 
National Center of Arts, Taipei, Taiwan.
1966
Laguna Beach Art Association Gallery, Laguna Beach, California, USA.;
Museum of Art, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
1967
Lee Nordness Gallery, New York, USA.;
The William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Kansas, USA.;
Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
1968
The Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington, USA.;
The Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.;
The Luz Gallery, Manila, The Philippines.
1969
The Dallas Museum for Contemporary Arts, Texas, USA.;
National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan;
St. Mary's College Art Gallery, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
1970
Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Köln, Germany;
Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.;
The San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California, USA.
1971
Museum für Kunsthandwerk, Frankfurt, Germany;
Hugh Moss Ltd., London, England;
Bristol City Art Gallery, Bristol, England.
1972
The Utah Museum of Fine Arts, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.;
Utah State University Art Gallery, Logan, Utah, USA.;
Brigham Young University Museum of Art, Provo, Utah, USA.;
Galerie Hans Hoeppner, Hamburg, Germany.
1973
The Hong Kong Arts Centre, Hong Kong;
The San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, California, USA.;
Frank Caro Gallery, New York, USA.
1974
Laky Gallery, Carmel, California, USA.
1975
Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Colorado, USA.;
M.M. Shinno Gallery, Los Angeles, California, USA.
1976
Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA.;
Museum of Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
1977
Plymouth State College Art Gallery, Plymouth, New Hampshire, USA.;
Occidental College Art Gallery, Los Angeles, California, USA.
1978
East and West Art Gallery, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
Greenhill Galleries, North Adelaide, South Australia;
Churchill Gallery, Perth, Western Australia.
1979
Play House Art Gallery, Canberra, Australia;
Museum für Kunsthandwerk, Frankfurt, Germany.
1980
Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA.;
The University of Arizona Museum of Art, Tucson, Arizona, USA.;
Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art, Monterey, California, USA.;
Museum of Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
1981
Columbus Cultural Arts Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.;
UMC Fine Art Gallery, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.;
Galerie Andree, Costa Mesa, California, USA.
1982
Nora Eccles Harrison Museum of Art, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
1983
National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China;
Jiangsu Provincial Art Museum, Nanjing, China;
Heilongjiang Provincial Art Gallery, Harbin, China;
Hubei Provincial Art Exhibition Gallery, Wuhan, China;
Guangdong Art Institute Gallery, Guangzhou, China.
1984
Shanghai Museum of Art, Shanghai, China;
Shandong Provincial Art Museum, Jinan, China;
Zhejiang Exhibition Hall, Hangzhou, China;
Yantai City Exhibition Hall, Yantai, Shandong, China;
Fuzhou May 1st Plaza Central Hall, Fuzhou, China.
1985
The Hong Kong Arts Centre, Hong Kong;
Museu Luís de Camões, Leal Senado de Macau.
1986
Art Gallery of Shanxi Artists' Association, Xian, Shanxi, China;
Youth Palace, Lanzhou, Gansu, China;
Urumqi City Exhibition Hall, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China;
Cultural Palace, Chongqing, China;
University Art Exhibition Hall, Southwest Normal University, Chongqing, China.
1987
National Painting Museum of Hunan Province, Changsha, China;
University Art Gallery, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
1988
Weifang Museum, Weifang, Shandong, China.
1989
Übersee-Museum, Bremen, Germany.
1990
Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan.
1992
Taiwan Museum of Art, Taichung, Taiwan.
1994
Lung Men Art Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan.
1996
National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan.
1997
He Xiangning Art Museum, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
1999
Zhongshan National Gallery at the National Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan.
2000
Art Center, National Central University, Taiwan;
Goedhuis Contemporary, New York, USA.
2001
Chengdu Contemporary Art Museum, Chengdu, China.
2002
"The Universe in the Mind: A Retrospective of Liu Kuo-sung at 70" Tour in China;
National History Museum, Beijing, China;
Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai, China;
Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangdong, China
2003
Cultural Centre of Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan;
Shandong Qingdao Municipal Museum, Qingdao, China;
Hanart TZ Gallery, Hong Kong.
2004
Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong.
2005
Singapore Tylor Print Institute, Singapore;
Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
Taiwan Soka Association, Taiwan.
2006
Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou, China;
Hunan Provincial Museum, Changsha, China.
2007
"The Universe in the Mind: 60 Years of Painting by Liu Guosong":
Palace Museum, Beijing, China;
Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai, China;
Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, China.
2008
Galerie 75 Faubourg, Paris, France.
2009
"The Universe in the Mind: Liu Guosong 60 Years Retrospective Exhibition" :
Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan, China;
Ningxia Museum, Ningxia, China;
Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing, China;
Ya Ming Art Museum, Anhui, China;
Zhongshan National Gallery at the National Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan.
"Universe in My Mind – Solo Exhibition by Liu Kuo-Sung" at NCTU Gallery, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
2010
Goedhuis Contemporary, London, England;
Taipei City Government Art Gallery, Taipei, Taiwan.
2011
"Liu Kuo-sung : A 80-year Retrospective", National Art Museum of China, Beijing.
2012
"A Man of East, West, South and North – Liu Kuo-Sung 80th Birthday Retrospective Exhibition", National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, Taichung, Taiwan.
2013
The General Association of Chinese Culture, Taipei, Taiwan;
"Grand Opening Exhibition", The Liu Kuo-sung Modern Ink Art Museum, Shandong Museum, Shandong, China.
2014
"Revolution | Renaissance: The Art of Liu Kuo-Sung", National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan.
2015
"Revolution | Renaissance: The Art of Liu Kuo-Sung" Asia Tour Exhibition;
MoCA @ LOEWEN, Singapore;
National Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta;
Museum of Contemporary Art, Bangkok, Thailand;
"Exhibition of Liu Kuo-Sung Contemporary Ink Painting Collection" at The Office of Arts and Culture, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
2016
" Echo of the Universe, Ink Art of Liu Kuo-Song ", China Art Museum, Shanghai, China.
2017
"A Man of East, West, South and North – Retrospective of Liu Guosong’s Works of Art", Shandong Museum, Jinan, China;
"A Tribute to Liu Kuo-sung" special exhibition organized by Hong Kong Ink Society at Ink Asia, Hong Kong.
2019
"To the Moon - Liu Kuo-sung", Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Selected collections.
Asia and Oceania
National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan;
Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei, Taiwan;
National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan;
National Taiwan Arts Education Center, Taipei, Taiwan;
National Museum of Fine Arts, Taichung, Taiwan;
Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts, Taiwan;
Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong;
M+ Museum, Hong Kong;
The Art Museum of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
The Palace Museum, Beijing, China;
National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China;
Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai, China;
Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, China;
He Xiangning Art Museum, Shenzhen, China;
Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing, China;
Jiangsu Provincial Art Museum, Nanjing, China;
Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou, China;
Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan, China;
Hunan Museum, Changsha, China;
Ya Ming Art Museum, Hefei, China;
Shandong Art Museum, Jinan, China;
Shandong Museum, Jinan, China;
Qingdao Art Museum, Qingdao, China;
Qingdao Municipal Museum, Qingdao, China;
Chengdu Modern Art Museum, Chengdu, China;
Ningxia Museum, Yinchuan, China;
Kansu Provincial Art Museum, Lanzhou, China;
Metropolitan Museum of Manila, Manila, The Philippines;
National Art Gallery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
USA
Chicago Art Institute;
The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art;
Cleveland Museum of Art;
Asian Art Museum of San Francisco;
Los Angeles County Museum of Art;
The San Diego Museum of Art;
Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art;
Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University;
Brooklyn Museum;
Peabody Essex Museum;
Harvard Art Museums;
Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas;
Weisman Art Museum, University of Minnesota;
The University of Arizona Museum of Art;
Phoenix Art Museum;
Dallas Museum of Fine Art;
Seattle Art Museum;
Denver Art Museum;
Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center;
Joslyn Art Museum;
Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University;
Chase Fine Arts Center;
Norton Museum of Art;
St. Lawrence University Art Gallery;
Europe
British Museum, London, England;
Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, Bristol, England;
Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Frankfurt, Germany;
Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Köln, Germany;
Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Berlin, Germany;
Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Germany;
Museum Rietberg, Zurich, Switzerland;
Università degli Studi di Messina, Italia