EVTOL

eVTOL (Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing) is a type of aircraft that uses electric power to hover, take off, and land vertically. This technology came about thanks to major advances in electric propulsion (motors, batteries, electronic controllers) and the growing need for new vehicles for urban air mobility (air taxi). Examples are being developed by companies such as Boeing and Airbus, and by NASA.
History.
The concept of eVTOL aircraft emerged in 2011 through the AugustaWestland Project Zero (Italy), the Volocopter VC1 (Germany) and the Opener BlackFly (US). It was officially introduced by AHS Internationnal and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) in 2014 during the "Transformative Vertical Flight Concepts Joint Workshop on Enabling New Flight Concepts through Novel Propulsion and Energy Architectures" held in Virginia.
Since then, there has been a real craze among aircraft manufacturers for eVTOLs, and companies such as Boeing, Airbus and Bell have taken over the market :
But in addition to these major aircraft manufacturers, startups have been playing an important role in the development of these air vehicles and had sometimes been leaders in technological advances.
Uses.
Civil use.
Most of the civil eVTOL aircraft are designed for urban air mobility, their typical roles are:
Air Taxi.
Many eVTOL's concept are for Air Taxi application. For instance, Pipistrel, an Uber Elevate partner, is working on the Pipistrel 801, a 5 seats air taxi. Another example is Volocopter, which proposed its air taxi service called VoloCity, based on the Volocopter 2X .
Medical assistance (EMS).
In 2020, JumpAero announced to be working on a small eVTOL aircraft (1 seat) to allow the rapid deployment of emergency services in the event of an accident. This type of vehicle is not a replacement for land vehicles or helicopters, but a new tool that, thanks to the electric drive, is faster than the others.
In 2020, the Canadian Air Mobility consortium studied the benefits of eVTOL for direct hospital-to-hospital transportation of patients, organs and drugs.
Personal use.
Personal eVTOL aircraft have been created to introduce electric flight into recreational aviation.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
Unmanned Multicopter were the first aerial vehicle to appear in the eVTOL category. First used for R&D purposes, they are now considered as full-fledged aircraft.
Delivery use.
The Google-owned company Alphabet has been offering an eVTOL UAV delivery service since 2020. Their drones are able to fly up to 100 km and carry up to 1.5 kg. Amazon Air and UPS are two others companies using drone delivery . A german aerospace company called Wingcopter in collaboration with UNICEF has also delivered vaccines in Vanuatu in 2018. In 2020 wingcopter eVTOL drone was used to deliver COVID-19 test kits to Isle of Mull.
Military use.
In April 2020, the USAF announced $25 million-worth funding of eVTOL projects for development in 2021. On August 20, 2020, United States Air Force (USAF) held a demonstration flight of an electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft at Camp Mabry in Austin, Texas. It was the first time that a manned eVTOL aircraft took flight under USAF "Agility Prime" programme.
Certification.
Europe.
Since 2018, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has been working on the certification of such aircraft. In July 2019, they published the SC-VTOL-01 : "Special Condition for VTOL aircraft." This document established the safety and design objectives for VTOL aircraft. It includes a special section for eVTOL.
United States.
The Certification of Small aircraft (Part 23 - FAA certification) is in force. In particular "Part 23-Amendment 64" include eVTOL.