
Turkish Constitution of 1924

The Constitution of 1924, formally titled the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Ottoman Turkish: "Teşkilât-ı Esasiye Kanunu"; ), was the fundamental law of Turkey from 1924 to 1961. It replaced the Constitution of 1921 and was ratified by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey following the proclamation of the republic on October 29, 1923. It was ratified on April 20, 1924. It remained in force until the 1960 "coup d'état", following which it was replaced by the Constitution of 1961.
Summary.
The Turkish Constitution of 1924 had 105 articles and was divided into six sections:
Timeline.
The Constitution of 1924 was in application for 36 years from 1924 until 1961. During this time, it served as the basis for many fundamental changes that sought to transform Turkey into a modern, secular and democratic Republic.
Amendments.
The first change occurred on April 10, 1928, which changed, inter alia, Article 2 and the provision of "Religion of the Turkish state is Islam" was removed. Further changes followed on 10 and December 11, 1931 and 1934 respectively. As a result, women were given the right to vote and stand for election. In 1937, the constitution was changed twice. Law No. 3115 of February 5, 1937 enshrined the six basic principles of Kemalism in the Constitution.
On January 10, 1945, the constitution was revised with Law No. 4695 in the sense of Turkification of the language and translated into modern Turkish. However, this recast was reversed by Law No 5997 of December 24, 1952 (published on December 31, 1952 in Resmi Gazete Sayı 8297), which restored the constitution to its constitution before 1945.