Izzat (honour)

Izzat (Hindustani: इज़्ज़त / عزت, ) is the concept of honour prevalent in the culture of North India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It applies universally across religions (Hindu, Muslim and Sikh), communities and genders. Maintaining the reputation of oneself and one's family is part of the concept of "izzat", as is the obligatory taking of revenge when one's izzat has been violated.
The concept of "izzat" has been viewed as curtailing the freedom of women, yet characterised on a general level as a concept that cuts across social hierarchy and enforces ""equality in giving, but also equality in vengeance"." The idea of reciprocity, in both friendship and enmity, is deeply embedded in "izzat". It is required that a person come to the assistance of those who have helped that person earlier. To not do so is to dishonour one's debt and lose "izzat".
Dushmani and Badla.
Violations or perceived violations of "izzat" are key to the development of both personal and family enmities ("dushmani", दुश्मनी/دشمنی, দুশমনি) as the wronged party seeks revenge ("badla", बदला/بدلا, বদলা), which could result in cycles of counter-revenge, sometimes spanning generations. The concept of reciprocity applies to "badla" as well. The nature and intensity of the revenge, "and what is taken - life, resources, or position - is governed by izzat (honour), which is the principle of reciprocity or equivalence in all things." Because social relations in the region emphasize social debts and ""unrestricted reciprocity" among kin, enmity can spread to individuals who were not involved in the original infractions of "izzat" and "rarely remains localized.""
In politics.
"Izzat" has played a significant role in the political dynamics of India and continues to do so to the current day. Various state rulers in the pre-1947 princely states of British-ruled India resisted British involvement in their kingdoms, despite nominally acknowledging British sovereignty, because such "intervention constituted an attack on their izzat." In post-independence India, the "politics of "izzat"" has been cited as a key reason for the rise of elected politicians from hitherto-backward communities, who have done little to economically benefit their communities but have created greater "izzat" for them by creating powerful political blocs. Politicians in power often frame populist policies in terms of "izzat", such as with the 2009 "Izzat Scheme" launched by Indian Railways Minister, Mamata Banerjee, which provides a subsidy for poorer citizens to travel by train.
In military culture.
The armed forces of India incorporate the concept of "izzat" as a powerful motivator. Several units of the military use the term in their mottos, such as the Indian Regiment of Artillery's "Sarvatra Izzat O Iqbal" ("Everywhere with Honor and Glory").