Deva Bandhumasena

Colonel Phraya Songsuradej () (12 August 1892 – 1 June 1944, common name Deva Bandhumasena (เทพ พันธุมเสน) was a Thai military officer and member of Khana Ratsadon (People's Party). As a cadet he studied at the Royal Prussian Main Cadet Institute and was a leading member of the senior army officers responsible for the Siamese revolution of 1932. After the revolution, he became "de facto" chief of the whole military.
He has conflicts with Plaek Phibunsongkhram, who was a junior military officer in many serious matters. After Phibunsongkhram's rise to power in 1938, these conflicts became the allegations in the subsequent of Songsuradet rebellion.
Biography.
Deva Bandhumasena was born in a military family on 12 August 1892 at his father's home at Suan Chao Chet (location of Territorial Defense Command in present) on Charoen Krung Road, Phra Nakhon Province (later Bangkok). His father was an artillery officer named Lieutenant Tai Bandhumasena (ร้อยโท ไท้ พันธุมเสน), who served in the 1st Battery of Artillery. While he was studying in the Royal Military Academy (later Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy) his parents suddenly died. He therefore got his older brother to be a benefactor, with being an excellent cadet therefore received a scholarship to study the army engineer science in Imperial Germany. Upon graduation, he received the rank of Fähnrich (Private First Class). After that, he continued his studies at the commissioned military level until he received the rank of Degen-Fähnrich (Acting Second Lieutenant) and entered the military service in Magdeburg, later he returned to Siam (presently Thailand) in the year 1915, total of 8 years of living in Imperial Germany. 
Thanks to his time in Germany, he fluent in both Thai and German.
In Siam, he was an engineer who has played a huge role in constructing railways in many regions of the country, such as northern line from Khun Tan Tunnel to Chiang Mai Province etc. He received the highest rank as a Colonel and highest duty was Chief of Directorate of Operations in 1932 shortly before the revolution. Which all plans in the revolution, he was all thinking and planning himself and did not reveal to anyone before until one day before actual action. Because he was a highly respected person in the military circles as a military academic. He was regarded as one of "The Four Musketeers" (สี่ทหารเสือ; consist of Phraya Songsuradej, Phraya Phahonphonphayuhasena, Phraya Ritthiakhaney and Phra Phrasasphithayayut) which was the highest leaders of Khana Ratsadon. Sulak Sivaraksa, political critic and influencer said that he was the smartest and most talented of these four.
He was exiled to Indochina in January 1939 following a rift with the Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram. His life in Phnom Penh was full of difficulties, because he had almost no assets left. He had to make a living by repairing bicycle and making dessert for sale with his wife, which had to grind flour manually. Phraya Songsuradej died on 1 June 1944 at an abandoned mansion in Phnom Penh with sepsis (but with conspiracy theory that he died due to being poisoned).
References.
[[Category:Thai military personnel|Deva Bandhumasena]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bangkok|Deva Bandhumasena]]
[[Category:Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy alumni|Deva Bandhumasena]]
[[Category:Khana Ratsadon politicians|Deva Bandhumasena]]
[[Category:Deaths from sepsis]]
[[Category:Phraya|Deva Bandhumasena]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Thailand]]