
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is an immune disorder of T cells, it is characterized by chronic infections with "Candida" that are limited to mucosal surfaces, skin, and nails. It can also be associated with other types of infections, such as human papilloma virus. An association with chromosome 2 has been identified.
Symptoms and signs.
The symptoms of this condition are hyperkeratosis, skin ulcer, dyspareunia, endocardium abnormality, vision problems, hepatitis, seizures, hematuria and meningitis.
Associated Diseases or Conditions.
There are a number of disorders associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis including endocrine dysfunctions, vitiligo, malabsorption syndromes, neoplasms and others. In most patients, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is correlated to abnormalities in cell mediated immunity (T-lymphocyte mediated response). The T-lymphocytes fail to produce the necessary cytokines that are required for immunity against Candida. Current effective treatments include antifungal drugs and, for long term remissions, restoration of cellular immunity. 
Chronic autoimmune endocrinopathies are sometimes linked to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, but rarely cause systemic disease or septicemia Patients with autosomal-dominant mucocutaneous candidiasis may be at risk for epidermoid esophageal cancer due to the nitrosamine compounds produced by chronic candida infection.
Cause.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis can be inherited either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are 9 types of this condition with the first CANDF1 being located at 2p22.3-p21 (cytogenetically).
Mechanism.
The mechanism of the human immune system has it normally fighting in an infection (like "Candida"). Initially Th17 cells are made by the immune system, which in turn produces interleukin-17 (IL-17). Inflammation is induced and white blood cells confront infection.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis mutations affect IL-17 by inhibiting its pathway. This in turn affects the human immune systems ability to fight infection, in total there are 9 possible types of this condition.
Diagnosis.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis can be diagnosed in an affected individual via the following methods/tests:
Types.
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Treatment.
Management for an individual with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis consists of the following (relapse occurs once treatment is ceased, in many cases):
Notes.
 Indicates 9 references to specific, numbered pages in the .