Equivalent air depth

The equivalent air depth (EAD) is a way of approximating the decompression requirements of breathing gas mixtures that contain nitrogen and oxygen in different proportions to those in air, known as nitrox.
The equivalent air depth, for a given nitrox mix and depth, is the depth of a dive when breathing air that would have the same partial pressure of nitrogen. So, for example, a gas mix containing 36% oxygen (EAN36) being used at has an EAD of .
Calculations in metres.
The equivalent air depth can be calculated for depths in metres as follows:
Working the earlier example, for a nitrox mix containing 64% nitrogen (EAN36) being used at 27 metres, the EAD is:
So at 27 metres on this mix, the diver would calculate their decompression requirements as if on air at 20 metres.
Calculations in feet.
The equivalent air depth can be calculated for depths in feet as follows:
Working the earlier example, for a nitrox mix containing 64% nitrogen (EAN36) being used at 90 feet, the EAD is:
So at 90 feet on this mix, the diver would calculate their decompression requirements as if on air at 67 feet.
Derivation of the formulas.
For a given nitrox mixture and a given depth, the equivalent air depth expresses the theoretical depth that would produce the same partial pressure of nitrogen if regular air (79% nitrogen) was used instead:
Hence, following the definition of partial pressure:
with formula_3 expressing the fraction of nitrogen and formula_4 expressing the pressure at the given depth. Solving for formula_5 then yields a general formula:
In this formula, formula_7 and formula_8 are absolute pressures. In practice, it is much more convenient to work with the equivalent columns of seawater depth, because the depth can be read off directly from the depth gauge or dive computer. The relationship between pressure and depth is governed by Pascal's law:
Using the SI system with pressures expressed in pascal, we have:
Expressing the pressures in atmospheres yields a convenient formula (1 atm ≡ 101325 Pa):
To simplify the algebra we will define formula_12. Combining the general formula and Pascal's law, we have:
so that
Since formula_15, the equivalent formula for the imperial system becomes
Substituting R again, and noting that formula_17, we have the concrete formulas:
Dive tables.
Although not all dive tables are recommended for use in this way, the Bühlmann tables are suitable for use with these kind of calculations. At 27 metres the Bühlmann 1986 table (0–700 m) allows 20 minutes bottom time without requiring a decompression stop. While at 20 metres the no-stop time is 35 minutes. This shows that using EAN36 for a 27-metre dive can give a 75% increase in bottom time over using air.
US Navy tables have also been used with equivalent air depth, with similar effect. The calculations are theoretically valid for all Haldanean decompression models.