Diplomate of National Board

Diplomate of National Board (DNB) is a Post-graduate Master's degree same as MD/MS degree awarded to the Specialist Doctors in India after completion of three year residency. DNB courses are run and the degrees are awarded by the National Board of Examinations (NBE), New Delhi, an autonomous academic body under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India to the candidates on successful completion of their postgraduate residency. People who completed an MD/MS program in their respective subjects are also eligible to appear in the final DNB certification exam along with regular DNB trainees. 
Doctorate of National Board (DrNB) is a post MD/MS/DNB super speciality degree awarded by NBE. It is equal to Doctorate of Medicine (DM) and Master of Chirurgiae (MCh) degrees awarded respectively in medical and surgical super specialities.
In 1975, the Government of India established the National Board of Examinations, an autonomous organisation Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, with the prime objective of conducting postgraduate and postdoctoral courses of high and uniform national standard in various disciplines of modern medicine and allied sciences on an All-India single point entrance basis. The Board conducts its postgraduate and postdoctoral programmes in reputed government, trust and private teaching hospitals at various cities and towns after accreditation by the board and in medical colleges accredited by the Medical Council of India.
Recognition of DNB qualifications.
The degrees are recognised by the Government of India and a Gazette order is published for the same. Also, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has issued a notification mentioning that DNB should always be considered equivalent to MD/MS.
The name of the degree awarded by the National Board of Examinations is called "Diplomate of National Board" (DNB). The list of recognised qualifications awarded by the Board in various broad and super specialties as approved by the Government of India are included in the first schedule of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956.
As a general rule, the failure rate for final year DNB exams are higher than their MD/MS counterparts because of strict unbiased examination pattern. The candidate has to face final examination in a different institution located in a different state, facing anonymous examiners hailing from different parts of India. 
The DNB qualifications awarded by the National Board of Examinations have been equated with postgraduate and postdoctoral qualifications awarded by other Indian universities for all purposes, including appointment to teaching posts.
List of broad specialties for DNB.
Three-year postgraduate residency programme is available in the following broad specialties:
01. Anaesthesiology,
02. Anatomy,
03. Biochemistry,
04. Dermatology,
05. Emergency medicine,
06. Family Medicine,
07. Field Epidemiology
08. Forensic Medicine,
09. General Medicine,
10. General Surgery,
11. Health Administration (including Hospital Administration),
12. Immunohematology & Transfusion Medicine,
13. Maternal and Child Health,
14. Microbiology,
15. Nuclear Medicine,
16. Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
17. Ophthalmology,
18. Orthopedic Surgery,
19. Otorhinolaryngology,
20. Paediatrics,
21. Pathology,
22. Pharmacology,
23. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
24. Physiology,
25. Psychiatry,
26. Radio Diagnosis,
27. Radio Therapy,
28. Respiratory Diseases,
29. Rural Surgery,
30. Social and Preventive Medicine.
List of super specialties for DNB - Now Doctorate of National Board (DrNB).
Three-year residency programme is available in the following super-specialties:
Medical super-specialties
Surgical super-specialties
List of subspecialties for FNB.
The National Board of Examinations also runs postdoctoral fellowship programme in select subspecialties. On successful completion of two-year residency, candidates are awarded Fellow of National Board (FNB).
Fellowship programme is available in the following subspecialties:
01. Hand & Micro Surgery,
02. High Risk Pregnancy & Perinatology,
03. Infectious Diseases,
04. Interventional Cardiology,
05. Laboratory Medicine,
06. Liver Transplantation,
07. Minimal Access Surgery
08. Neurovascular intervention, 
09. Paediatric Gastroenterology,
10. Paediatric Haemato Oncology,
11. Paediatric Intensive Care,
12. Paediatric Nephrology,
13. Paediatric Ophthalmology,
14. Reproductive Medicine,
15. Spine Surgery,
16. Sports Medicine,
17. Trauma Care,
18. Vitreo-Retinal Surgery.
References.
5. https://natboard.edu.in/viewNotice.php?NBE=RUJFa1NvbmFwTVdwaG1vbGJnKzJzZz09 
6. http://www.natboard.edu.in/matter.php?notice_id=1408