N.A. Semashko City Hospital No. 1

N.A. Semashko City Hospital No. 1 is a large hospital in Rostov-on-Don.
History.
Central Hospital № 1 of the city of Rostov-on-Don begins its history in June 1922, when the Don district hospital was opened in the city. The new hospital was opened on the place of the infectious barracks of the military evacuation hospital, where they fought epidemics of cholera, typhus, dysentery and other diseases of this type. The chief doctor of the new hospital was Dr. E.B Libenzon. In September of the same year, the Nikolaev City Hospital and the medical faculty of the University of Warsaw moved to the hospital. Until the end of the year, another surgical department under the leadership of Leon Solomonovich Astvatsaturov started operating. Children department of Nikolaev hospital took one of the repaired barracks and calculated 30-40 beds. In the same building a nursery for the hospital staff was organised. The therapeutical department under the leadership of Perfiliev was designed for 70 beds.
The hospital equipment was the basis of the new hospital's three-room laboratory; The head of the laboratory was Dr. M.I. Shyschal, the first dissector was D.V. Khovansky, who was soon replaced by Professor I.I. Krinitsky, who really developed the hospital's pro-sectoral service. Krinitsky became the organizer of the clinical-anatomical conferences and, as pointed out by local historian Minas Bagdykov, founded a new pathoanatomical school.
In 1923, an infectious disease department was established in the hospital. It was designed to solve the problems of fighting typhus, cholera and malaria. The future academician B.I Trusevich became its first head. In the next two years, two more infectious departments were created, later the total number of beds in all three departments reached 300. The children's infectious disease department was designed for 120 patients with scarlet fever. It was headed by Dr. M.E Lansberg. Later the ward for the sick with measles (1925) appeared, it was followed by chicken pox and diphtheria in 1926.
In 1926, according to the project of Moscow architects Golosov, Grinberg and Ilyin, the construction of a model hospital began and completed in 1930. The new hospital had 2,100 beds, its chief doctor was Dr. S. Klyachkin. The therapeutic department of the new hospital occupied a separate two-story building with 220 beds (since 1933 it was based on the Department of Hospital Therapy of Rostov University, until 1954, headed by Professor AS Voronov, then Professor NM Ivanov).
Since 1931, the hospital had a separate children's hospital with 120 places, headed by Dr. E.M Grinberg. Later the children's departments of the hospital were used by the Department of Children's Diseases of Rostov University under the direction of Professor I. Y. Serebriisky. In 1931 an otolaryngological department was opened. The medical institute immediately began operating on its base. D.I. Zimont was the director until 1953, later he was replaced by the head of the department of ENT Khanamirov, who created his own school).
After the restoration of the right wing of the hospital, which suffered greatly during the Great Patriotic War, the eye clinic moved into it. In the hospital complex also includes the Oncology Center.
Object of cultural heritage.
Complex Hospital № 1, named Semashko is one of two architectural monuments of the Soviet avant-garde in Rostov-on-Don. It is the second object of this style after Rostov Drama Theater. The facades of the hospital are made of facing sand-lime bricks, the architecture is functional: according to the shape of the windows you can understand which rooms are behind them.
When the hospital administration decided to construct a new 12-storey building and to demolish the old buildings. An inquiry was instituted. A compromise solution allowed to combine the construction of a new building with preservation of architectural monuments. But in 2012 the conflict flared up again. The hospital management addressed directly to the governor Vasiliy Golubev. The Regional Office initiated an expert examination in Stavropol and asked for the support of A.P Kudryavtsev, the Chairman of the Academic Council for the Protection of the Heritage of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences.
At the beginning 2013, the administration of the Rostov region recognized the complex of hospital buildings as an object of cultural heritage of international significance. In December of the same year, the governor authorized the work on reconstruction of the complex, which will be completed by October 2014.