Personal Health Information Protection Act

The Personal Health Information Protection Act, (the Act) also known as PHIPA ('pee-hip-ah'), is Ontario legislation established in November 2004. PHIPA is one of two components of the Health Information Protection Act. The "Health Information Protection Act", also established in 2004, comprises two schedules: PHIPA (Schedule A) and the "Quality of Care Information Protection Act" (Schedule B). 
PHIPA provides a set of rules for the collection, use and disclosure of personal health information, and includes the following provisions:
Application.
PHIPA applies to individuals and organizations involved in the delivery of healthcare services. Under the Act, they are referred to as “health information custodians”.
Health information custodians.
A health information custodian can be any number of individuals or organizations who have custody or control of personal health information. To elaborate, some examples of a health information custodian include:
Agents of health information custodians.
An “agent” of a health information custodian includes anyone who is authorized by the health information custodian to do anything on behalf of the custodian with respect to personal health information. These actions are for the purposes of the health information custodian and not the agent. 
Examples include:
Role of the Information and Privacy Commissioner.
The Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario (IPC) is appointed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and is independent of the government. The IPC is responsible for ensuring that health information custodians comply with the Act. Under PHIPA, the IPC has the power to review and make rulings about complaints. 
When the commissioner receives a complaint, a mediator may be appointed to try to solve the problem. The IPC has various powers to resolve complaints, including the power to order a health information custodian to:
Content.
The Act covers the following subjects relating to personal health information in the province of Ontario: