Etymological calque

In linguistics, an etymological calque is a lexical item calqued from another language by replicating the etymology of the borrowed lexical item although this etymology is irrelevant for the meaning being borrowed. 
Most calques are "not" etymological. For example, the English compound "basketball" was calqued, conventionally, into Standard Chinese as 篮球 "lánqiú", which means "basketball". The lexical item 篮球 "lánqiú" consists of 篮 "lán" "basket" and 球 "qiú" "ball". Therefore, "lánqiú" is a calque. On the other hand, the English compound "hotdog" was etymologically calqued into Standard Chinese as 热狗 "règǒu" "hotdog". The Chinese lexical item 热狗 "règǒu" "hotdog" consists of 热 "rè" "hot" and 狗 "gǒu" "dog", and is thus an etymological calque of the English lexical item "hotdog". Those making the calque (as well as Chinese speakers) are completely aware that when they eat a 热狗 "règǒu" "hotdog" they do "not" eat dog meat. Nonetheless, they chose to retain the English etymology within the Chinese neologism. Therefore, "règǒu" is an etymological calque.
Examples.
Standard Chinese.
The etymology of the English lexical item cocktail is maintained and visible within the Chinese etymological calque 鸡尾酒 "jīwěijiǔ" "cocktail". The Chinese lexical item 鸡尾酒 "jīwěijiǔ" "cocktail" means literally "chicken tail alcohol", and is thus an etymological calque of the English lexical item "cocktail".
Israeli Hebrew.
Hemda Ben-Yehuda’s 1904 neologism אופנה ' "fashion" is an etymological calque - deriving from אופן ' "mode" – of the internationalism "móda" "fashion" (e.g. "moda" in Italian), which can be traced back to the Latin lexical item "modus" "mode".