Boontling

Boontling is a jargon or argot spoken only in Boonville in Northern California. Today it is nearly extinct, and fewer than 100 people still speak it. It has an IANA sub-tag of codice_1 (i.e. en-boont).
History and description.
Although Boontling is based on English, many of its unusual words are unique to Boonville, California. Scottish Gaelic and Irish, and some Pomoan and Spanish words also contribute to this jargon. Boontling was invented in the late nineteenth century and had quite a following at the turn of the twentieth century. It is now mostly spoken by aging counter-culturists and native Anderson Valley residents. Because the town of Boonville has only a little more than 700 residents, Boontling is an extremely esoteric jargon, and is quickly becoming archaic. It has over a thousand unique words and phrases.
Origins.
The Anderson Valley, of which Boonville is the largest town, was an isolated farming, ranching, and logging community during the late nineteenth century. There are several differing versions as to the origin of Boontling. Some assert that the jargon was created by the women, children, and young men in the hop fields and sheep shearing sheds as a means of recreation, and that it spread through the community as the children continued using it when they grew up. Myrtle R. Rawles explains that Boontling was started by the children of Boonville as a language game which enabled them to speak freely in front of elders without being understood. It is believed that the jargon originated from Ed (Squirrel) Clement and Lank McGimsey, circa 1890.
Documentation.
Based on interviews of family and neighbors, Rawles wrote an article, "'Boontling': Esoteric Speech of Boonville, California," published in 1966 by the California Folklore Society (presently Western States Folklore Society) in "Western Folklore", Volume 25, No. 2, and reprinted under the title "Boontling, or the strange Boonville language" by the Mendocino County Historical Society in 1967.
Researcher Charles C. Adams studied the lingo in the 1960s and wrote a doctoral dissertation based on his research. In 1971 University of Texas Press published his book, "Boontling: an American Lingo", which included an extensive dictionary. Boontling briefly enjoyed a national audience in the mid-1970s when a Boontling speaker named Bobby (Chipmunk) Glover was a regular guest on the well-known "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" on the NBC television network. Boontling historian Jack (Wee Fuzz) June appeared on the game show "To Tell the Truth" and was so well known by this point that panelist Kitty Carlisle had to disqualify herself from the judging.
Because Boontling is a spoken jargon rather than a written one, spellings of its words vary greatly. Most spellings were not formalized until the 1970s, primarily by the writings of Jack (Wee Fuzz) June.