Drang nach Osten

 (, "Drive to the East", "push eastward", "drive toward the East" or "desire to push East") is the motto of the 19th century German nationalist movement, that refers to the idea of German territorial expansion toward Eastern Europe into the lands of Slavic nations. In some historical discourse, combines historical German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe, medieval (12th to 13th-century) military expeditions like those of the Teutonic Knights (see Northern Crusades), and Germanisation policies and warfare of modern German states such as those that reflected Nazism's concept of "Lebensraum". 
In Poland the term was used to indicate the programs for the Germanization of Poland, while in 19th-century Germany the slogan was used variously and delusory of a wider nationalist approbation of medieval German settlement in the east and the idea of the "superiority of German culture". In the years after World War I the idea of a ("Drive to the West"), an alleged Polish drive westward - an analogy of circulated among German authors in reaction to the loss of eastern territories and the "Polish Corridor". 
The concept of "Drang nach Osten" was a core element of Nazi ideology. In "Mein Kampf" Adolf Hitler declares the idea to be an essential element of his reorganisation plans for Europe. On 7 February 1945 he stated: "It is eastwards, only and always eastwards, that the veins of our race must expand. It is the direction which nature herself has decreed for the expansion of the German peoples."
Origin of the term.
The first known use of was by the Polish journalist Julian Klaczko in 1849, yet it is debatable whether he invented the term as he used it in form of a citation. Because the term is used almost exclusively in its German form in English, Polish, Russian, Czech and other languages, it has been concluded that the term is of German origin.
Background.
During the 19th and the early 20th century has been associated with the medieval German , the High Medieval migration period of ethnic Germans to Eastern Europe, inhabited by Slavs and Balts. This movement caused legal, cultural, linguistic, religious and economic changes, that had a profound influence on the history of Eastern Europe between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathians.
Massive population increase during the High Middle Ages left increasing numbers of commoners like peasants, craftsmen and artisans displaced, who were joined by nobility not entitled to land inheritance, stimulating the movement of settlers from territories of the Holy Roman Empire, such as the Rhineland, Flanders and Saxony into the sparsely-populated East. These movements were supported by the Slavic kings and dukes and the Church.
The future state of Prussia, named for the conquered Old Prussians, had its roots largely in these movements. As the Middle Ages came to a close, the Teutonic Knights, who had been invited to northern Poland by Konrad of Masovia, had assimilated and forcibly converted much of the southern Baltic coastlands.
After the Partitions of Poland by the Kingdom of Prussia, Austria, and the Russian Empire in the late 18th century, Prussia gained much of western Poland. The Prussians, and later the Germans, engaged in a policy of Germanization in Polish territories. Russia and Sweden eventually conquered the lands taken by the Teutonic Knights in Estonia and Livonia.
in German discourse.
The term became a centerpiece of the program of the German nationalist movement in 1891, with the founding of the , in the words: ("The old must be revived").
Nazi Germany employed the slogan in calling the Czechs a "Slav bulwark against the " in the 1938 .
Despite policies, population movement took place in the opposite direction also, as people from rural low-developed areas in the East were attracted by the prospering industrial areas of Western Germany. This phenomenon became known by the German term , literally the "flight from the East".
A new was called for by German nationalists to oppose a Polish ("thrust toward the West"). World War I had ended with the Treaty of Versailles, by which most or parts of the Imperial German provinces of Posen, West Prussia, and Upper Silesia were given to reconstituted Poland; the West Prussian city of Danzig became the Free City of Danzig.
The Polish paper used both and in August 2002 to title stories about German RWE company taking over Polish STOEN and Polish migration into eastern Germany, respectively.
 is also the ironic title of a chapter in Eric Joseph Goldberg's book "Struggle for Empire", used to point out the "missing" eastward ambitions of Louis the German who instead expanded his kingdom to the West.
With the development of romantic nationalism in the 19th century, Polish and Russian intellectuals began referring to the German as . The German Empire and Austria-Hungary attempted to expand their power eastward; Germany by gaining influence in the declining Ottoman Empire (the Eastern Question) and Austria-Hungary through the acquisition of territory in the Balkans (such as Bosnia and Herzegovina).
Lebensraum concept of Nazi Germany.
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933–1945, called for a to acquire territory for German colonists at the expense of central and eastern European nations (). The term by then had gained enough currency to appear in foreign newspapers without explanation. His eastern campaigns during World War II were initially successful with the conquests of Poland, the Baltic countries, Belarus, Ukraine and much of European Russia by the ; was designed to eliminate the native Slavic peoples from these lands and replace them with Germans. The , or soldier-peasants, would settle in a fortified line to prevent civilization arising beyond and threatening Germany.
This was greatly hindered by the lack of German people who actually desired to settle in the east, let alone act as Teutonic Knights there. Settlements actually established during the war did not receive colonists from the , but in the main part East European Germans resettled from Soviet "spheres of interest" according to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and such Poles as deemed Germanizable by Nazis. However, the Soviet Union began to reverse the German conquests by 1943, and Nazi Germany was defeated by the Allies in 1945.
Expulsion of Germans from the East after World War II.
Most of the demographic and cultural outcome of the was terminated after World War II. The expulsion of Germans after World War II east of the line in 1945–48 on the basis of decisions of the Potsdam Conference were later justified by their beneficiaries as a rollback of the . "Historical Eastern Germany"— historically the land of the Baltic people called Old Prussians who had been colonized and assimilated by German —was split between Poland, Russia, and Lithuania (a Baltic country) and repopulated with settlers of the respective ethnicities. The line has been accepted to be the eastern German boundary by all post-war German states (East and West Germany, as well as reunited Germany), reneging on all plans to (re-)expand into or (re-)settle territories beyond this line. The Old Prussians were conquered by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century, and gradually assimilated over the following centuries; the Old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. Henry Cord Meyer, in his book ": Fortunes of a Slogan-Concept in German–Slavic Relations, 1849–1990" claims that the slogan originated in the Slavic world, and it also was more widely used than in Germany.