COST Hata model

The COST Hata model is a radio propagation model (i.e. path loss) that extends the urban Hata model (which in turn is based on the Okumura model) to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies (up to 2 GHz). It is the most often cited of the COST 231 models (EU funded research project ca. April 1986 – April 1996), also called the "Hata Model PCS Extension". This model is the combination of empirical and deterministic models for estimating path loss in an urban area over frequency range of 800 MHz to 2000 MHz.
COST (COopération européenne dans le domaine de la recherche Scientifique et Technique) is a European Union Forum for cooperative scientific research which has developed this model based on experimental measurements in multiple cities across Europe.
Applicable to / under conditions.
This model is applicable to macro cells in urban areas. To further evaluate Path Loss in suburban or rural (quasi-)open areas, this path loss has to be substituted into "Urban to Rural" / "Urban to Suburban" Conversions. (Ray GAO, 09 Sep 2007)
Mathematical formulation.
The COST Hata model is formulated as,
formula_1
where,
Limitations.
This model requires that the base station antenna is higher than all adjacent rooftops.