Academic ranks in Israel

Academic ranks in Israel are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.
Overview.
Tenured and tenure-track positions are as follows:
Professorship.
The ranking system combines the British system and the German one. There are four faculty ranks rather than three: lecturer ("martsé"), senior lecturer ("martsé bakhír"), associate professor ("profésor khavér"), and full professor ("profésor min ha-minyán"). The two lower ranks are similar to their counterparts in the British system. The two higher ranks originally had German rather than American equivalents: "professor khavér" was comparable to professor extraordinarius, while "professor min ha-minyan" was the equivalent, and Hebrew translation of, professor ordinarius. Traditionally, lecturer is equivalent to the American assistant professor rank, senior lecturer with tenure is equivalent to the American associate professor rank. Promotion from lecturer to senior lecturer rank usually entails tenure, but not always. Tenure (not guaranteed) is granted after 4–7 years (depending on institution and academic achievements). A "professor khavér" is comparable to the American advanced associate professor; some academics never become a "profésor min ha-minyan." The academic programs of the university are controlled by a Senate, of which every full professor is a member, as well as representatives of other ranks. Israeli universities do not, as a rule, grant tenure to new hires, regardless of previous position, rank, or eminence. A candidate is considered for tenure together with promotion to the next highest rank, or after a year for initial appointments made at the rank of full professor.
In 2012, the Technion began granting senior lecturers the title of assistant professor ("profésor mishné"), in alignment with the standard American terminology. This was done after faculty members at the rank of senior lecturers had complained that they felt belittled at international conferences when compared to their American peers bearing the title assistant professor, because "lecturer" sounds less impressive than "professor". This move was considered controversial at other Israeli universities, which retain the senior lecturer ranking, because it was conducted unilaterally by the Technion without coordination with the other universities.