Translative case

In grammar, the translative case (abbreviated ) is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming "X"" or "change to "X"".
In Finnish, it is the counterpart of the essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state. It is also used for expressing "in (a language)", "considering it is a (status)" and "by (a time)". Its ending is "-ksi":
Examples in Estonian, where the ending is "-ks":
In Estonian, translative can also express a temporary or random state. E.g. while a nominative construction would indicate working in a job or profession, as "olen koolis õpetaja" "I'm a teacher in a school", a similar sentence using translative "olen koolis õpetajaks" "I work as a teacher in a school" hints at it either being a temporary position, the speaker not being fully qualified, or some other factor of impermanency.
In Hungarian, the ending is -vá / -vé after a vowel; it assimilates to the final consonant otherwise: