Jena Lee Nardella

Jena Lee Nardella (born January 31, 1982) is an American author, writer, activist, co-founder and Executive Director of , a nonprofit organization whose mission is to put an end to the HIV/AIDS and water crises in Africa. The organization has brought "clean blood and clean water to more than 62,000 Africans in 11 countries."
She also is the author of "One Thousand Wells: How an Audacious Goal Taught Me To Love The World Instead of Save It".
Biography.
Family.
Jena Lee Nardella was born in Woodland, CA on January 31, 1982 to Gus and Diane Lee. Her father is a first generation American from a family of Chinese immigrants whereas her mother is from the Midwest. Jena Nardella is the middle child of three, with a younger brother, and an older sister who died at 11 months of age due to a congenital heart defect.
Nardella grew up in the San Francisco Bay area in which she was exposed to diversity among race, gender, and most socioeconomic status. Jena Lee Nardella began her endeavors to helping others after an encounter with a homeless man on San Francisco's streets. This encounter resulted in her becoming a volunteer at a local homeless shelter.
Education.
Nardella moved to Spokane, Washington to attend Whitworth University in fall of 2000 for four years where she originally majored in nursing. Throughout her time as an undergraduate student, she came to realize her focus should not be on nursing, but rather political studies in order to pursue the dreams she hoped to conquer.
With her major change, came her decision to attend educational lectures structured around her passion and major which paralleled her future. At one lecture in particular, she met the speaker named Dr. Steve Garber who later spoke with her on her future aspirations and gave her the chance to reach out and seek further support in making those dreams reality.
Career.
Nardella found, through Dr. Garber, a Grammy Award-winning band whose values and dreams matched her own: Jars of Clay, a Christian rock band. While still in college, Nardella began to meet consistently with this band, especially Dan Haseltine, the band's lead singer. Through these visits and lots of brainstorming came the start of their co-founded non-profit, , and more importantly their main purpose, the project One Thousand Wells.
At age 22, Nardella moved to Nashville, Tennessee in order to continue pursuing the dream of growing and creating Blood: Water with Jars of Clay, who were all from this area. In 2004, she traveled to Kenya for her first Blood: Water-related trip. While in Kenya, she interacted with the people and communities who were suffering from a lack of clean water and health care. Afterwards, Nardella took multiple trips to Africa on behalf of the One Thousand Wells project, and she now splits her time between Nashville and East Africa.
She currently is a venture partner and nonprofit accelerator program lead for Praxis, a non-profit organization "that equips and resources a growing portfolio of entrepreneurs motivated by their faith to build organizations of considerable cultural and societal impact."
One Thousand Wells.
The book "One Thousand Wells: How an Audacious Goal Taught Me To Love The World Instead of Save It" was published in August, 2015. It is a memoir in which Nardella shares her wins and losses, feelings and story about her journey to achieve the goal of building one thousand wells that would provide a thousand communities in Africa with clean water. A part of the proceeds made from the sale of this book go to back to the cause.
Accomplishments/Awards/Recognition.
Nardella does public speaking appearances for colleges and universities such as her alma mater, Whitworth University, and Gonzaga University along with churches and conferences such as The Asbury Project and The Telemachus Annual Gathering. Her most noteworthy appearance was in 2012 when President Obama invited her to offer the closing benediction on national television at the National Democratic Convention for 20 million people.
Nardella has won multiple awards, including the Epoch Award, GOOD Magazine's GOOD 100, and named one of Christianity Today’s 33 Under 33 Christian leaders.
On top of writing her own novel, "One Thousand Wells: How an Audacious Goal Taught Me to Love the World Instead of Save It", published in August 2012, she has contributed to many other relevant publications. Two of the books she has worked with other authors on are "Hope in the Dark" (with photojournalist Jeremy Cowart) and "The Revolution: A Field Manual for Changing Your World". She has also appeared in films such as and "Unconditional Love," which tells the story of Blood:Water's founding.


Awards and decorations of the Singapore Police Services

Medals.
Orders and decorations conferred to officers of the Singapore Police Services in Singapore which includes officers from Singapore Police Force, Singapore Prison Service and Central Narcotics Bureau ]:


Ant chalk

Ant chalk, also known as Chinese chalk or 'Miraculous Insecticide Chalk', is an insecticide in the form of normal looking chalk. It contains the pesticides deltamethrin and cypermethrin.
While the active ingredients are legal in the United States, the chalk is not legal there. Labeling often falsely claims the chalk is "harmless to human beings and animals" and "safe to use." Chalks have been found to cause serious health problems and deaths. Packaging, often containing lead-based inks, generally does not list ingredients. Despite its illegal status, "Chinese Chalk" is illegally imported from China and sold in corner stores in the United States.


Bronze Cross (Canada)

The Bronze Cross is a certification in water rescue that is the mainstay of the lifesaving training offered in Canada, and awarded by the Royal Life Saving Society of Canada. Before one can take the Bronze Cross course, the Bronze Medallion (Canada) is required. With Bronze Cross and Standard First Aid certification, one can be an assistant lifeguard in some provinces. For National Lifeguard Certification or to become an Instructor, a current or expired Bronze Cross and current Standard First Aid certification are required. The Bronze Cross endurance swim requirement is 600 metres in 18 minutes using any combination of strokes.
Prerequisites.
The Lifesaving Society requires Bronze Cross candidates have obtained the following certifications, which may be current or expired:


IMO 4907048


Jackie Wallace

Jackie Wallace (born March 13, 1951) is a former American college and professional football cornerback. He played college football at the University of Arizona from 1970 through 1972 and in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minnesota Vikings, Baltimore Colts, and Los Angeles Rams from 1974 through 1979, taking part in two Super Bowls with the Vikings and Rams.
Since the end of his NFL career, Wallace has periodically struggled with substance abuse and experienced bouts of homelessness. In 2014, he joined a class-action concussion lawsuit against the NFL. His whereabouts were unknown until November 2019 when NOLA did another article about him.
Early life.
Wallace was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he lived in the St. Bernard Projects.
Career.
Wallace attended St. Augustine High School in New Orleans. He enrolled at the University of Arizona and played college football for the Arizona Wildcats from 1970 through 1972. United Press International and "Sporting News" named him a first-team All-America in 1972, while the Associated Press named him a third-team All-American. He was named to the All-Western Athletic Conference (WAC) team in his junior and senior years. Wallace had 20 interceptions with the Wildcats, the second-most in school history, with 19 of those coming in his junior and senior years. His 11 interceptions in 1971 is a WAC record.
The Minnesota Vikings selected Wallace in the second round, with the 34th overall pick, in the 1973 NFL draft. Wallace played six professional seasons as a cornerback from 1974 through 1979. He spent his rookie season on the Vikings' practice squad, including Super Bowl VIII. He became a starter for the Vikings the next year, and started in Super Bowl IX.
Wallace played for the Baltimore Colts in 1975 and the Los Angeles Rams from 1976 through 1979. His 52 punt returns and 618 punt return yards led the NFL in 1978. His final game in the NFL was Super Bowl XIV as a member of the Rams. After the game, he berated his coach in the Rose Bowl locker room for not using him in the game, saying the coach could "kiss his ass". That offseason, he was disinvited from the Super Bowl ring party and cut from the team. He retired with 11 career interceptions in 70 games played.
Post-football life.
Out of the NFL, Wallace worked on an oil platform. The year after his football career ended, his mother died and he began to abuse alcohol and use crack cocaine. He has battled addictions to numerous drugs, including crack, alcohol, and heroin, throughout his life, and has disappeared for years at a time.
Ted Jackson, a photojournalist for "The Times-Picayune", discovered him homeless on the streets of New Orleans in 1990, and published a photo he took of the former player, which inspired Wallace to make an attempt at recovery; at the time, his whereabouts had been unknown for roughly a decade. He became sober, got married, and bought a house in the northeastern suburbs of Baltimore. His sobriety lasted until 2002, when a domestic dispute with his wife led to him fleeing back to the streets of New Orleans. After several years of drug use, he was jailed in 2008 for check fraud, serving half of a seven-year sentence. He was released early for good behavior. On June 5, 2012, the WDSU television channel in New Orleans ran an article about the New Orleans Mission (a homeless shelter) closing its doors due to financial problems. In the article, Wallace stated that he was homeless and had been frequenting the shelter for two months. Wallace achieved sobriety again in 2014 and joined Narcotics Anonymous; the same year, Wallace took part in a lawsuit against the NFL regarding concussions.
In July 2017, Wallace disappeared again, having relapsed and returned to the streets. Since then, his exact whereabouts are unknown.
In August of 2020, Photojournalist Ted Jackson and Wallace released an autobiography about his life in the book “You Ought To Do A Story About Me.”
The two were interviewed by The Today Show, NPR's Weekend Edition and Access Hollywood detailing on how they crossed paths, ended up becoming friends and eventually ended up collaborating on the book.


IMO 4907866


Outside In (organization)

Outside In is a medical and youth service nonprofit organization in Portland, Oregon which provides primary care and "wraparound services" for low income and homeless clients. It also has several other programs such as needle exchange program for drug addicts, and eligibility restricted tattoo removal service. The needle exchange has been the cause of community objection as well as cancellation of insurance policy and donors declining to give. It has reported that in fiscal year 2015-2016, it has given out 988,399 needles which was 20,962 more needles than what was returned. Founded in 1968 to serve youth, the organization has since continued to revise its services to meet the needs of its clients. Its services as described in October 2014 include medical care, mobile medical vans, tattoo removal, housing, education, counseling, and job training.
History.
Outside In was founded in June 1968 by Dr. Charles Spray, Arnold Goldberg, and Mary Lu Zurcher as one of the first free community health clinics in the U.S. and one of the earliest on the West Coast, along with the Haight Ashbury Free Clinics and the Los Angeles Free Clinic. The organization was founded to serve Portland's "alienated youth", some of whom had substance abuse problems and most of whom had mental health issues. It initially rented its Downtown Portland space from the First Unitarian Church of Portland. Spray helped found the organization after learning that the Unitarian church's youth coffeehouse space, Charix, was in danger of being shut down by the city and a group that had successfully shut down the Crystal Ballroom music venue because of its association with the 1960s drug culture. It was told by its insurance carrier that all of the organization's policies would be cancelled if they were to start a needle exchange. It took the clinic a few years to find a replacement insurance carrier. The needle exchange program started in July 1989 as the first authorized exchange in the United States and it was started as a pilot project involving 125 drug addicts. Bud Clark, the mayor at the time express concerns that it maybe seen by some as encouraging drug use. In September 2002, "Portland Business Journal" reported some prospective donors refuse to donate to Outside In, because of its needle exchange program.
Some of the group's early work involved staffing a 24-hour crisis hotline that was later spun off to form the Metro Crisis Intervention Service.
In November 2017, two staff members were stabbed on the job; as a result, in May 2018 the workers of Outside In voted to unionize, with Oregon AFSCME as their parent union.
In April 2019, it has announced that it is expanding to add a second location in Gresham near NE 162nd and Burnside which will open Spring of 2020 for transients and low income people. According to its development director, Outside In helps "unique populations that are not well-served in other health care settings,". "Willamette Week" reported in April 2019 that Outside In employees are members of AFSCME along with a handful of other private nonprofits heavily funded by government contracts.
A second clinic location focused on families in need opened in Rockwood, Gresham, Oregon in September 2020
Services.
Outside In is a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) and a licensed mental health agency. Outside In operates a needle exchange for drug addicts. The syringe exchange, implemented in 1989, was the first one to be developed and the third to go into operation in the country. The needle exchange program has been operating a fentanyl testing service on street drugs for about two years where subjects bring samples of their illegal drugs or drug residues from paraphernalia as told to "Oregon Public Broadcasting". The article said drug possession remains strictly illegal. In 2013–2014, the organization self reported it served 966 youth with mental health care, drug and alcohol treatment, employment, education, job training, and housing. Outside In's medical clinic was the medical home for 5,384 people in 2014. The same year, the group's syringe exchange served 4,322 people.
The organization's tattoo removal service is a restricted eligibility service offered at an off-site location at 1719 W Burnside St. Access is restricted to applicants with an income not exceeding 200% federal poverty guideline.
Community Objection.
The needle exchange program offered through Outside In and Multnomah County was the subject of a grievance by the adjacent neighborhood Goose Hollow Foothills League due to concerns that needles handed out by Outside In are littered in Goose Hollow by its drug addict clients. The neighborhood association sent a letter on the matter of needles and other supplies given out by Outside In to a Multnomah County Commissioner Sharon Meieran in February 2018. This letter was published in part in "Portland Tribune"
"We are drowning in the needles put out into the community by Multnomah County," said a letter complaining about the health department program that was sent to Commissioner Sharon Meieran by the Goose Hollow Foothills League last month. "Our residents are picking up hundreds of needles each week," the letter states. "Our neighborhood has experienced a shocking increase in unsafe and unsanitary levels of needles since MCHD started this program ... while keeping drug addicts safer, MCHD is risking the health of thousands more with this program.
"Our neighborhood is also filled with bloody cotton balls and feces-covered wipes that were given out at Outside In," added the letter, which was signed by Tracy Prince, the league's vice chair. "It is humane and necessary to hand out these items, but MCHD should put a plan in place so that these items aren't disposed of in our neighborhoods."In May 2019, a Portland activist Brandon Farley who believes the needle exchange add to a city's addiction and homelessness problems dumped out syringe caps and dirty syringes on the sidewalk in front of the Outside In's needle exchange in what he calls as an "act of civil disobedience".
Age restricted services.
Some of the services offered are eligibility restricted to clients 16–24 years of age.
Job training.
"Bespoke" is bicycle-powered smoothie cart set up in Portland's O'Bryant Square that gives homeless youth on-the-job training.
In 2005 the organization set up Virginia Woof, a non-profit dog daycare centre to provide training and employment for their clients. It operates in two locations.
Auxiliary services.
In addition to the fixed location clinic, Outside In's medical clinic operates two medical outreach vans and a school-based health center at Milwaukie High School.


Winter Garden Theatre (London) Ltd v Millennium Productions Ltd

Winter Garden Theatre (London) Ltd v Millennium Productions Ltd [1948] AC 173 is an English land law case, concerning licenses in land.
Facts.
At the Winter Garden Theatre (now the Gillian Lynne Theatre on Drury Lane) the owner promised Millennium Productions Ltd that it could use the theatre for six months, with an option to renew for another six months, and after that it could continue for a flat weekly price of £300. Millennium would have to give a month's notice if it wished to terminate, but Winter Garden's obligations were not stated. The licence continued for over a year, to September 1945. Then Millennium made a contract with artists to show "Young Mrs Barrington", from 5 September till January 1946, but on 13 September Winter Garden decided to revoke the licence, giving a month's notice, and demanding it leave on 13 October. Millennium argued that there was a breach of contract and that Winter Garden could only revoke if Millennium was in breach of contract, or that there had to be a (revised) reasonable notice period, one month no longer being reasonable.
Judgment.
The House of Lords held that Winter Garden could revoke the licence. Viscount Simon said that someone who gives a licence, revoking it mid-use, to cross land would not make the licensee a trespasser until they were off the premises, but then future crossing rights would cease.
Lord Porter said the following.
Lord Uthwatt said the following.
Lord Macdermott said the following.
Significance.
Part II of a statute which continues to this day was made to provide business tenants with the guarantee of a new lease unless they expressly contracted out of its guarantees. The statute is the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954.


International Prize Court

The International Prize Court was an international court proposed at the beginning of the 20th century, to hear prize cases. An international agreement to create it, the "Convention Relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court", was made at the Second Hague Conference in 1907 but never came into force.
The capturing of prizes (enemy equipment, vehicles, and especially ships) during wartime is a tradition that goes back as far as organized warfare itself. The International Prize Court was to hear appeals from national courts concerning prize cases. Even as a draft, the convention was innovative for the time, in being both the first ever treaty for a truly international court (as opposed to a mere arbitral tribunal), and in providing individuals with access to the court, going against the prevailing doctrines of international law at the time, according to which only states had rights and duties under international law. The Convention was opposed, particularly by elements within the United States and the United Kingdom, as a violation of national sovereignty.
The 1907 convention was modified by the "Additional Protocol to the Convention Relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court", done at the Hague on October 18, 1910. The protocol was an attempt to resolve some concerns expressed by the United States at the court, which felt it to be in violation of its constitutional provision that provides for the U.S. Supreme Court being the final judicial authority. However, neither the convention nor the subsequent protocol ever entered into force, since only Nicaragua ratified the agreements. As a result, the court never came into existence.
A number of ideas from the International Prize Court proposal can be seen in present-day international courts, such as its provision for judges "ad hoc", later adopted in the Permanent Court of International Justice and the subsequent International Court of Justice.


Enter 77

"Enter 77" is the 11th episode of the third season of "Lost", and the 60th episode overall. It was aired on March 7, 2007. The episode was written by Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse and directed by Stephen Williams. The character of Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews) is featured in the episode's flashbacks.
Plot.
Flashbacks.
In his flashback, Sayid is a chef in a restaurant in Paris. He is summoned onto the portico by an Iraqi named Sami (Shaun Toub), who compliments the meal Sayid cooked for him, and offers him a job as a chef in his new restaurant. Sayid later arrives at the restaurant, and meets Sami's wife, Amira (Anne Bedian). She has burn scars on her arm, but their introduction is cut short when the woman confirms that Sayid is "him". Sayid is suddenly attacked and knocked unconscious. He is chained up in the basement of the restaurant. Sami explains that his wife was tortured by the Republican Guard, and she recognized her torturer to be Sayid. Sayid denies this passionately. Sami's wife is brought before Sayid as Sami begins to brutally beat him, trying to get him to admit that he tortured his wife. Sami reaches for an iron bar, but his wife stops him. The following day, Sayid is visited by Amira. She explains that she rescued a cat from torture by street kids (which bears a striking resemblance to the cat at the Flame station), and while it sleeps with her and loves her, it also sometimes attacks her, because it sometimes forgets that it is safe. She forgives him for this, because she also knows what it is like to never be safe, because of Sayid. Sayid admits that he remembers her, that her face has haunted him since he left Iraq. He breaks down in tears and emotionally apologizes, over and over. Amira forgives him. Moreover, she says she will tell Sami that she has made a terrible mistake, that they have found the wrong person, so that Sami will let him go.
At the Flame Station.
In the jungle, John Locke (Terry O'Quinn), Sayid, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and Danielle Rousseau (Mira Furlan) stumble across a farmhouse with a satellite dish on its roof. Its inhabitant (Andrew Divoff) is revealed to be the mysterious one-eyed man whom Sayid, Locke and company saw on The Pearl's monitoring video in an earlier episode. Rousseau decides not to get involved, so she leaves as the rest of the group proceeds to the farmhouse. Sayid approaches unarmed (noticing a mysterious cat whose name is later revealed to be Nadia after Nadia Comăneci), but as he nears, the one-eyed man appears with a Mosin–Nagant rifle in his hands. He shoots Sayid in the shoulder, screaming that he didn't cross the line, and that they had a truce. After Sayid tells him about the plane crash, the one-eyed man emerges. Kate and Locke rush out from hiding to disarm him. The one-eyed man reveals his name to be Mikhail Bakunin (the same first and last name as the famous Russian anarchist), and claims that he is the last living member of the DHARMA Initiative.
While treating Sayid's gunshot wound, Mikhail tells the survivors about how he came to the island, after responding to a newspaper advertisement for the DHARMA Initiative. He has been on the island for eleven years, staying in the station called The Flame, where he communicates with the outside world. Mikhail tells Sayid that several years ago, the DHARMA Initiative launched a purge against "the hostiles," but Mikhail did not participate in it. As a result, the hostiles let him live, provided he did not cross the line around his house. He also states that the dish on the roof has not worked for years, and that the hostiles were on the island long before the DHARMA Initiative. Meanwhile, Locke finds a computer running a chess program. He plays and begins a losing streak. Sayid realizes Mikhail is an Other, not a member of the DHARMA Initiative, and almost certainly is not alone.
Mikhail explains that the station is connected to an underwater beacon to guide submarines to the island. When Sayid taunts Mikhail about killing one of the hostiles, Mikhail attacks him and Kate, but is overpowered. They tie him up. Sayid reveals a hatch hidden under a rug. Kate and Sayid descend into the hatch while Locke keeps watch over the unconscious Mikhail. The basement is wired with explosives. Sayid finds several DHARMA manuals. Upstairs, Locke is distracted by the prompting of the chess game. He finally manages to beat the chess computer, after which the screen changes to a video of "Dr. Marvin Candle" / "Dr. Mark Wickmund", which tells him to enter number codes for communication. Since the satellite and sonar have been rendered inoperable, Dr. Candle says, "Has there been an incursion of the station by the hostiles? If so, enter 7-7." Locke is about to enter the code when Mikhail appears behind him and holds a knife before his throat. In the basement, Kate is attacked by Bea Klugh (April Grace), but Sayid comes to her defense. Kate retaliates, punching Klugh in the face after recognizing her as one of the Others from the Pala Ferry dock when they were kidnapped, and tells Sayid that she will know where Jack is. They take her upstairs. Locke is outside, being held at gunpoint by Mikhail. There is a lot of arguing in Russian between Klugh and Mikhail, and then Mikhail shoots Klugh. Locke struggles for the gun, and Sayid manages to knock Mikhail to the ground. Mikhail begs to be killed, but Sayid lets him live.
Locke watches Dr. Candle's video again, pausing at the "Enter 7-7" part. Sayid shows Mikhail a map that shows a cable running from The Flame to a place called "The Barracks." Mikhail doesn't tell him about this place on the map, but warns that the moment Sayid's guard is down, he will attack. Danielle agrees with this. "You have a map," she says, "Why keep him alive?" Sayid refuses to kill him. Locke emerges and says that he beat the chess game and found out why Mikhail hadn't wanted him to beat it. The farmhouse blows up. Once again, one of Sayid's hopes of being able to communicate with the outside world has been taken away by Locke. As the group turns to leave, Sayid catches sight of the cat.
On the beach.
The episode starts off with James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway) noticing Paulo (Rodrigo Santoro) with one of his magazines; he explains that "they share things now." After seeing that the castaways have set up a ping-pong table, Sawyer decides to challenge someone to a game to retrieve his "stash". Sun-Hwa Kwon (Yunjin Kim) decides that if he loses, he has to give up using colorful nicknames for a week.
The ping-pong match begins between Hugo "Hurley" Reyes (Jorge Garcia) and Sawyer. Sawyer loses badly, but Hurley takes pity on him and returns some of his magazines. At this point, Hurley reassures Sawyer that Kate will be safe while with Sayid and Locke.
Reception.
12.45 million American viewers watched this episode live.
Awards.
Naveen Andrews submitted this episode for consideration for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards.


C286

C286, (4-(5-(4,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) benzoic acid) is a potent, orally bioavailable retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) agonist (EC50 = 1.9nM) with good selectivity over the RARα, and RARγ receptors. This molecule increases neurite outgrowth "in vitro" and stimulates sensory axon regrowth "in vivo" in a rodent model of crush and avulsion injury, and is being evaluated for the treatment of nerve injury.
Discovery and Design.
Replacing the amide linkage in the novel selective RARα agonist 1 with a series of 5-membered heterocyclic rings, gave heterocyclic compounds that were selective as RARβ agonists. The best was the highly potent RARβ agonist oxadiazole 2, that had 12- and 19-fold selectivity as an agonist over RARα and RARγ respectively. Lead optimisation produced the highly potent and selective RARβ agonist 4-(5-(4,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) benzoic acid C286.
Mechanism of action.
It has been shown that RARβ signalling is needed in order for retinoid mediated neurite outgrowth of neurons to occur. In contrast, signalling by RARα, RARγ or the retinoid X receptor (RXR) has no effect on this action. The RARβ agonist C286 can activate the RARβ receptor which initiates axonal outgrowth in models of nerve injury and leads to functional recovery.
Pharmacology.
C286 has been demonstrated to increase neurite outgrowth "in vitro" in monolayers of cultured cerebellar neurons where it increased neurite length in a dose dependant manner. C286 orally induces sensory axon regrowth "in vivo" in a rodent model of crush and avulsion injury. In addition C286 has shown a novel function for RARβ in remyelination after peripheral nervous system / central nervous system injury, and also demonstrates efficacy in a pre-clinical neuropathic pain model restoring multiple pathways via DNA repair mechanisms.
Pharmacokinetics.
C286 has mouse and human plasma protein binding of 95% and 98% respectively and has beneficial physico-chemical properties. It is reasonably water-soluble (> 100 μM as the sodium salt) and has sound permeability. Bi-directional permeability tests gave efflux ratios close to unity indicating that C286 is likely not a P-glycoprotein substrate. It has no significant inhibition IC50 > 25 μM against five cytochrome P450 enzymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4), and shows very high stability in human microsomes, It was found to possess a good oral bioavailability in both rat (80%) and dog (45%). with a low rate of blood clearance and a moderate half-life in both species. It was also demonstrated to be able to penetrate the CNS, with nearly equivalent amounts detected in plasma as compared to brain tissue, eight hours after administering an oral dose to rats. C286 was also shown to be negative in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity "in-vitro" screens.
Synthesis.
Addition of hydroxylamine to methyl para-cyano-benzoate 3 gave the amidoxime 4 which was coupled with the acid 5 to give after hydrolysis the 4-(5-(4,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) benzoic acid C286.
History.
Although many synthetic selective RARα, RARβ, and RARγ agonists have been designed and prepared, these have generally been highly lipophilic acids without good drug-like properties and with low oral bioavailability. Recently this has been changing and drug design approaches to highly potent and selective RARα and RARβ agonists with low lipophilicity that are orally bioavailable and less toxic have been developed. A key element of this success has been the incorporation of heterocyclic linkers culminating in the discovery of the selective RAR beta agonist C286 showing high solubility and good oral pharmacokinetics. C286 is currently in Phase I clinical trials (ISRCTN12424734).


Bioherbicide

Bioherbicides consist of phytotoxins, pathogens, and other microbes used as biological weed control. Bioherbicides may be compounds and secondary metabolites derived from microbes such as fungi, bacteria or protozoa; or phytotoxic plant residues, extracts or single compounds derived from other plant species.
Available bioherbicides.
While 13 different products have been launched, currently only 9 bioherbicides are available for sale/purchase in market globally. Below is the list of available bioherbicides:
Marketing.
With increasing awareness of the effects of the chemical herbicides and pesticides, bioherbicides can be adopted as an alternative especially for integrated weed management. The market share of bioherbicides is merely 10% of all biopesticides. On the other hand, the research spanning over two decades since 1980s has also falsified the principle that there is a coevolved natural enemy of a host weed which can manage weed through varied formulation and thus advocated for more research to culturally and genetically intensify the bioherbicidal organisms. Efficiency and efficacy of bioherbicides is impeded by changing weather and temperature and this can further obstruct the application and integration of bioherbicides. A study shows that by covering with jute turf, which retains moistures and allows one third of the sunlight to pass through, can increase the efficiency of bioherbicides and also remove some of the hindrances from the commercialization and marketing of bioherbicides.
Production.
The production of bioherbicides is a process of biosynthesis where different mediums ranging from soybean bran to corn steep liquor are fermented to obtain desirable results. In addition to the solid-state fermentation, bioherbicides can also be produced by submerged fermentation in stirred tanks or in other environments. Despite the ‘eco-friendliness’, there are several obstructions that make it less practical to use bioherbicides in fields because the lab results may not be the same as the real results.
Future.
While it is true that after their 'discovery' the bioherbicides are not readily available on the market for various reasons, advocates of bioherbicides argue that bioherbicides-researchers should collaborate with other researchers and seek more funding for public sector so that the bioherbicides can become more marketable and attain more market share. Simultaneously, research from Canada reinforces that legislative and policy dynamics have great power to accelerate the innovation and integration of bioherbicides other microbial pest-control products.


Tazarotene

Tazarotene, sold under the brand name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid. It is primarily used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and acne. Tazarotene is also used as a therapeutic for photoaged and photodamaged skin. Tazarotene is a member of the acetylenic class of retinoids.
Medical uses.
Tazarotene is most commonly used topically to treat acne vulgaris and psoriasis. Like other topical retinoids, such as tretinoin and adapalene, tazarotene can be combined with benzoyl peroxide or an oral antibiotic, such as clindamycin or dapsone, for the treatment of acne. This results in increased efficacy compared to tazarotene monotherapy. For psoriasis, a combination therapy of tazarotene and a mid- to high-potency corticosteroid is more effective than either treatment alone.
Tazarotene can also be used for the treatment of photodamaged skin. It can reduce the clinical and histological signs of photodamaged skin. The therapy is more effective when used with the daily application of sunscreen.
Pregnancy.
Before 2015, tazarotene was considered a Category X drug (meaning its use was contraindicated during pregnancy) according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, despite demonstrating similar plasma retinoid levels as adapalene and tretinoin, which were classified as Category C drugs. Under the FDA's updated Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule which eliminated the lettered pregnancy categories and came into effect in 2015, tazarotene was determined to be contraindicated in pregnancy. Because of the lack of pregnancy outcomes data for the drug, the determination was based on the teratogenic effects observed in rat and rabbit studies.
Contraindications.
Tazarotene is contraindicated for use in patients who are known to be or suspected of being pregnant. It is also contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any ingredient in the specific pharmaceutical formulation.
Adverse effects.
Adverse effects for tazarotene include skin irritation, such as redness, itchiness, and burning. In patients with psoriasis, these adverse effects can be mitigated by a combined treatment with either mometasone furoate or fluocinonide. These effects tend to be mild to moderate, and increase in intensity as tazarotene concentration increases.
Pharmacology.
Mechanism of action.
Tazarotene is selective for two types of retinoic acid receptors, RAR-γ and RAR-β. Like all retinoids, it affects the ability of keratinocytes in the epidermis to proliferate and differentiate. It does so by upregulating filaggrin expression and downregulating the expression of keratinocyte transglutaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, involucrin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and various keratins.
Pharmacokinetics.
More than 99% of tazarotenic acid, the active metabolite of tazarotene, in the blood binds to plasma proteins (the most predominant being albumin). The volume of distribution (VD) for tazarotene is 26.1 L/kg and the VD for tazarotenic acid is 1.97 L/kg. Tazarotene is excreted from the body via feces and urine equally, and it has an elimination half-life of 16 to 18 hours.
Synthesis.
Acetylenic retinoid prodrug converted to the active metabolite, tazarotenic acid, with selective affinity for retinoic acid receptors RARβ and RARγ.
The formation of the ring system involves first alkylation of the anion from thiophenol with dimethylallyl bromide (1) to give the thioether (2). Friedel-Crafts cyclization of the olefin with the equivalent of PPA then gives the thiopyran (3). Acylation with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride gives the methyl ketone (4). Reaction of the enolate of that ketone with diethyl chlorophosphate gives the enol phosphate 5 as a transient intermediate. This eliminates diethyl phosphite in the presence of excess base to give the corresponding acetylene 6. The anion from the reaction of the acetylene with base is then used to displace chlorine from Ethyl 6-chloronicotinate (7). This reaction affords the coupling product tazarotene (8).


London and Blenheim Estates Ltd v Ladbroke Retail Parks Ltd

London and Blenheim Estates Ltd v Ladbroke Retail Parks Ltd [1993] 4 All ER 157 is an English land law case, concerning easements. It persuasively confirmed for one of the first times, obiter, that parking a car on land on its own could be the appropriate subject matter for an express easement. It established that an arrangement for a future extension of easement rights over specific other land would require a specific parcel of dominant land too. Simply agreeing that wherever any dominant land is extended (to an incertain extent) the easement on the servient land will be extended (even to a certain degree) is insufficient.
Facts.
The Leicestershire branch of the Co-op sold part of its land to London and Blenheim ("L&B") but reserving the right to park cars on the land (i.e. reserving of rights by the Co-op). The agreement provided that if L&B were to acquire "more land" or words to that effect, it should tell the Co-op in advance so Co-op could benefit from more parking rights on a pre-agreed basis.
Then the Co-op sold its land to Ladbroke.
L&B argued it could serve notice on Ladbroke in place of Co-op (and attempted to do so), L&B having acquired new land; secondly it denied it now owned further "servient land" to accommodate Ladbroke's claimed interests under the contract with Co-op. In its view Ladbroke did not have a further easement (rights to bind L&B to grant more parking) and could not have an easement in the first place. Ladbroke countered that even L&B were bound by the agreement as it expressly created easements; the fact that its future enhanced parking rights related to uncertain land (therefore "in specie") was not an invalid concept in law.
Judgment.
High Court.
Judge Paul Baker QC held the following.
Court of Appeal.
Peter Gibson LJ gave the leading judgment, he agreed that L&B could not claim a car parking right for additional land, because the alleged dominant tenement was not adequately identified. The reason why there must be a dominant tenement before there can be a grant is because certainty is of prime importance, as said in "Ashburn Anstalt v Arnold", a case which concerned a proposed expensive new development in South Kensington.


The Poor and the Land

The Poor and the Land: Report on the Salvation Army Colonies in the United States and at Hadleigh, England, with Scheme of National Land Resettlement is a 1905 book by H Rider Haggard.


Street v Mountford

 is an English land law case from the House of Lords. It set out principles to determine whether someone who occupied a property had a tenancy (i.e. a lease), or only a licence. This mattered for the purpose of statutory tenant rights to a reasonable rent, and had a wider significance as a lease had "proprietary" status and would bind third parties.
Lord Templeman held that the defining feature of a lease was exclusive possession, despite the fact that this view had been rejected and heavily criticised in a number of Court of Appeal cases previously, for example in the judgment of Denning LJ in "Errington v Errington".
Facts.
On 7 March 1983, Roger Street, a Bournemouth solicitor, gave rooms 5 and 6 in No 5 St Clement’s Gardens, Boscombe to Mrs Wendy Mountford for a ‘licence fee’ of £37 a week, terminable on fourteen days’ notice. Mrs Mountford also signed a form saying she understood the Rent Act 1977 did not apply to regulate her rental payments. The Rent Act 1977 at the time applied to leases only, not licences, and required landlords accept a rent which was deemed fair by an independent officer or tribunal, and also required more than fourteen days’ notice would be given. Mrs Mountford argued that she had a lease.
The judge held Mrs Mountford did have a lease, and Mr Street appealed.
Judgment.
Court of Appeal.
The Court of Appeal [1985] 49 P&CR 324 held the written agreement was clear that Mr Street did not intend that. Slade LJ, 322, ‘there is manifested the clear intention of both parties that the rights granted are to be merely those of a personal right of occupation and not those of a tenant.’
House of Lords.
The House of Lords held that despite a contrary intention expressed by the contract, Mrs Mountford did have a lease. Lord Templeman gave the leading judgment. He started by saying that a tenancy is a term of years absolute by common law and the Law of Property Act 1925, section 205(1)(xxvii). Originally they were not property rights, but a legal estate in leaseholds was created by the Statute of Gloucester 1278 and an Act of 1529. He also noted that it was conceded that Mrs Mountford was given exclusive possession, and then landlords will only have limited rights to enter, view and repair.
Lord Templeman went on to refer to and adopt Windeyer J in the Australian case "Radaich v Smith" saying the fundamental feature of a lease is exclusive possession. Lord Scarman, Keith, Bridge and Brightman concurred.
Significance.
In relation to residential properties, a line of cases have attempted to resolve the related issues of what amounts to exclusive possession and what amounts to a 'dwelling', as the legal effect of "Street v Mountford", taken together with the Rent Act 1977 (as amended by the Housing Act 1988), is that a tenancy or lease exists only if exclusive possession is granted of 'a dwelling'.
In all these cases the courts have repeatedly stressed the need to look at the reality of the arrangement, and to disregard the artificial labels which are typically employed in the documents. Such documents, being invariably drafted by the landlord, represent only the landlord's view of the rights being created.
In "AG Securities v Vaughan" (1988) the House of Lords decided that exclusive possession had not been granted, where up to four agreements existed simultaneously for the sharing of a single flat by unrelated occupiers, as there was an actual sharing of occupation. Also, in a joined appeal referred to as "Antoniades v Villiers", a case concerning a self-contained flat, the agreement expressly denied that the occupier had exclusive possession, and expressly provided for the owner to allow others to share the premises. The House of Lords decided that as the flat was in reality too small to accommodate others, so that it was incapable of actually being shared, the wording was merely a pretence intended to evade the Rent Act, and that in law the arrangement accordingly amounted to a grant of exclusive possession.
In "Family Housing Association v Jones" (1990), where a housing association housed homeless persons temporarily, the Court of Appeal decided that a tenancy was nevertheless created, because in reality it was intended that Mrs Jones and her child were to be the only occupiers, paying weekly, and in practice they did not actually share the accommodation; notwithstanding an express provision in the agreement that she did not have exclusive possession, and despite the association holding a key.
By way of contrast, in "Westminster CC v Clarke" (1992) a resident of one room in a hostel had an agreement permitting the hostel's owner unrestricted access to the room, and containing a provision enabling the occupier to be compelled to share the room. There was no actual sharing; but the arrangement was nevertheless held to be a licence, not a tenancy, as the room did not amount to a separate dwelling.


Xia Junfeng

Xia Junfeng was a street food seller in China who was convicted of murder in 2009 and executed in 2013.
Trial and execution.
Junfeng's death sentence was carried out, despite two appeals, after he was convicted of murdering two officials who were trying to stop him from trading.
Xia claimed he stabbed the two officials in self-defense after they beat him. The court ruled there was no evidence of self-defense and convicted him of murder. A higher court upheld the lower court's ruling.
A group of 25 human rights lawyers objected, citing uncertainty in the case, and asserting that the Chinese Supreme Court should have intervened. Xia's case was contrasted with that of Gu Kailai, the wife of politician Bo Xilai, who had been imprisoned for corruption. The lawyers issued a joint statement condemning what they said was an unjust execution. The statement was signed by prominent lawyers including Li Fangping, Teng Biao and Jiang Tianyong.
The Supreme Court had promised to carry out a comprehensive review of Xia's case, but there had been no word from the judiciary for 28 months, raising supporters' hopes that Xia's death sentence would be commuted.
Public response.
Xia 's execution prompted an outcry on China's social media sites, and quickly became the most discussed topic on Sina Weibo, China's equivalent of Twitter. Social media users noted how the well-connected Gu was spared her life; while a lowly street vender was put to death. Tong Zongjin, a professor at the China University of Political Science and Law in Beijing said: “If Gu Kailai can remain alive after poisoning someone to death then Xia Junfeng shouldn’t be put to death...It might be a flimsy dream to insist that everyone be treated equally before the law, but it’s nonetheless unseemly to turn this ideal into a joke.”
There was sympathetic coverage even from pro-government news media. Global Times, a Chinese Communist Party tabloid, portrayed the case as a tragedy. While the official Xinhua news agency ran a series of paintings by Xia’s young son – including one depicting a child running to embrace his father. A book of the son’s paintings, published to raise funds, sold out its entire 5,000-copy print run.
"Initiatives for China", founded by US-based activist Yang Jianli, urged Xia's supporters to protest on the traditional seventh day when Chinese commemorate the passing of loved ones.
In Guangzhou, activists Xiao Qingshan, Zhang Shengyu and Ma Shengfen displayed a poster outside the Justice Department reading: "The violent urban management officers deserved to die – Xia Junfeng did not."
Views and commentary.
Teng Biao, a lawyer who represented Mr. Xia, suggested the sentence was intended to send the message that any challenges to the government would not be tolerated. “The authorities wanted to show off their muscle,” he said. Teng said the court refused testimony from six witnesses making it clear that Mr. Xia had acted in self-defense – with the judge relying on testimony from the "chengguan", who are low-level officials. The impunity of the "chengguan" has become notorious across the nation. Teng noted that a conviction of intentional homicide requires proof of a premeditated crime – and that was an example of "extreme unfairness under the law”.
Andrew Jacobs, of "The New York Times", pointed out the similarities between Xia’s case and that of Cui Yingjie, a unlicensed sausage vendor in Beijing, convicted in 2007 of slashing to death an enforcement official who had seized his cart. Cui, however, had been given a suspended death sentence.


Fara Williams

Fara Tanya Franki Merrett MBE (born 25 January 1984) is a former English footballer who last played as a central midfielder for Reading and the England national team. A consistent goalscorer and set-piece specialist, Williams is considered one of England's leading players. After making her senior debut in 2002, Williams accrued 172 caps for the England Women's Team, making her their highest capped player. She played at the 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2017 European Championships, as well as the World Cups in 2007, 2011 and 2015. Williams also featured for Team GB at the 2012 London Olympics.
Williams' club career started with Chelsea then she progressed to Charlton Athletic in 2001. She signed for Everton in 2004 and later captained the club, winning the Premier League Cup in 2008 and the FA Women's Cup in 2010. After eight years with Everton she signed for local rivals Liverpool in 2012 and won the league title in 2013 and 2014. Williams was named The Football Association (FA) Young Player of the Year in 2002, FA Players' Player of the Year in 2009 and FA International Player of the Year in both 2007 and 2009.
Club career.
Williams attended Shene School in Richmond, London and joined Chelsea Ladies under–14s at the age of 12. She scored 30 goals for Chelsea's first team in 2000–01 and signed for Charlton Athletic Ladies during the following season. She won Charlton's Player of the Year and the FA Women's Young Player of the Year in her first season, 2001–02.
A back injury ruled Williams out of much of the 2002–03 season. In May 2003 Williams scored an unfortunate own-goal three minutes after coming on as a substitute in Charlton's 3–0 FA Women's Cup final defeat to Fulham. She headed a corner from Fulham's Rachel Unitt — Williams' England teammate and then flatmate — into her own net.
In 2003–04 Williams returned to form and was an important part of the Charlton Athletic side who challenged for all three domestic trophies. She started Charlton's second successive FA Women's Cup final in May 2004, but suffered another 3–0 defeat as Julie Fleeting scored a hat-trick for Arsenal. Although Arsenal also pipped Charlton to the League title by a single point, Williams collected an FA Women's Premier League Cup winners' medal when Charlton beat Fulham 1–0 at Underhill in March 2004.
Williams surprisingly moved to Everton Ladies in summer 2004, where fans gave her the nickname "Queen Fara". In 2004–05 Williams lost her third FA Women's Cup final in a row, to former club Charlton. She won another League Cup medal in 2007–08 as Everton defeated Arsenal at Brisbane Road. Williams missed two penalties, one in normal time and one in the shoot-out, as Everton were edged out by Leeds in the FA Women's Cup semi-final at Haig Avenue. In 2008–09 Everton missed out on the League title on goal difference after a final day defeat to Arsenal. However, Williams' performances saw her voted FA Players' Player of the Year.
On 23 September 2009 Williams was picked in the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) International Draft by Philadelphia Independence. She was due to join up with her England teammate Lianne Sanderson in America, before deciding to stay with Everton. Williams' loyalty was rewarded with another two Cup finals in 2010: a defeat to Leeds Carnegie in the Premier League Cup, in which Williams scored Everton's consolation, followed by a memorable extra–time win over Arsenal in the FA Women's Cup.
In November 2012 Williams and Natasha Dowie left Everton for local rivals Liverpool, who were hoping to build a squad capable of ending Arsenal's dominance of English women's football. Liverpool beat Bristol Academy 2–0 on the final day to secure the 2013 FA WSL league title.
Liverpool retained their title in 2014, but were much less successful in 2015. They finished seventh of eight teams as Williams missed three months of the season with a hamstring injury and coach Matt Beard departed for American National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) club Boston Breakers.
On 5 January 2016, Liverpool confirmed that Williams would be leaving the club to sign for deposed former champions Arsenal Ladies. Williams said: "I have really enjoyed my time at Liverpool Ladies and will take away some absolutely fantastic memories. When I first joined the Club the team had finished bottom of the league so to win back to back league titles was an incredible achievement."
On 16 August 2017, she left Arsenal Women to join Women's Super League (WSL) rivals Reading on a two-year deal.
In May 2019, she signed a new contract with Reading.
On 26 April 2021, Williams announced that she would be retiring from the game at the end of the 2020–21 season.
International career.
England.
Williams' senior England debut came aged 17 against Portugal in November 2001. During the return fixture in February 2002, her first start, Williams scored the opening goal from a free kick in a 3–0 win at Fratton Park.
Williams played in all three of England's group games at Women's Euro 2005, scoring a penalty in the 2–1 defeat to Denmark. She also scored five goals in helping England qualify for the World Cup in China, including two in the 13–0 win over Hungary. Williams forced the decisive own-goal in the play-off against France which sealed qualification.
She went on to play in all three of England's group games at the World Cup, and scored a penalty in England's 6–1 win over Argentina. However, she also picked up her second yellow card of the group stage in that match, and so missed the quarter-final defeat by the United States through suspension. On 23 May, Williams picked up the 2007 FA International Player of the Year Award.
On 8 May 2008 England played Belarus in the UEFA Women's Euro 2009 qualifying and Williams scored a hat-trick of long-range goals. In May 2009 Williams was again named FA International Player of the Year, and was also voted FA Players' Player of the Year.
At the Euro 2009 final tournament in Finland, Williams scored a penalty during England's first game against Italy. However, England lost the match 2–1 after Williams' error resulted in a red card for Casey Stoney. England improved and Williams, captain in the absence of the injured Faye White, scored in a 3–2 quarter final win over hosts Finland. She also featured in the semi-final win over the Netherlands and 6–2 final defeat by Germany.
Williams was England's top-scorer with seven goals during qualifying for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. A knee injury sustained in a WSL match with Lincoln Ladies left her battling for fitness ahead of the finals. Despite this, Williams was "more than pleased" to be named in the squad on 10 June 2011. At the final tournament, she headed the first goal of England's campaign in the 1–1 draw with Mexico and also featured against New Zealand before being rested for the final group game, a 2–0 victory over Japan. Williams played 120 minutes in the quarter-final exit to France. She was not among the penalty takers in England's penalty shootout defeat.
Williams earned her 100th Cap in the 2012 Cyprus Cup against Switzerland on 1 March 2012. England won the game 1–0 with Williams proud to score the only goal of the game: "It's a massive achievement to reach 100 caps and getting the goal made it extra special." She was part of the England squad which performed poorly at UEFA Women's Euro 2013 and was eliminated in the first round.
On 3 August 2014, Williams led the England team out against Sweden and became the most capped player in the history of English football, with 130 Caps. England won the match 4–0 in Hartlepool.
At the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada, Williams scored a 38th-minute penalty kick against Colombia, as England won 2–1 in Montreal on 17 June. In the semi-final in Edmonton on 2 July, Williams converted her second penalty of the tournament, in the 40th minute, to give England an equaliser against defending champions Japan. England lost the game 2–1. Two days later, and back in Edmonton, Williams scored another penalty, on this occasion in extra time, to give England the winning goal in a 1–0 victory over Germany. Her crucial goal gave England their first ever win over Germany and secured a bronze medal, the team's best ever finish at the FIFA Women's World Cup.
Williams was not included in England's squad for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, but manager Phil Neville said her international career was not over.
Great Britain Olympic.
In June 2012, Williams was named in an 18-player Great Britain squad for the 2012 London Olympics.
Personal life.
Williams had been homeless for six years, during the early part of her football career. She was later employed by FA as a skills coach. She has worked for the Homeless FA charity as a coach at Manchester United's The Cliff, and helping to select the England team for the Homeless World Cup.
Williams was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to women's football and charity.
She supports Chelsea F.C.
In December 2015, she married former Everton teammate Amy Kane, but they separated a short time later.
Honours.
Everton
Liverpool
Arsenal
International.
England


Willis E. Davis (painter)

Willis E. Davis (1855 – March 11, 1910) was an American landscape painter known for the high prices his works commanded, and for his leadership of the Bohemian Club, the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art and the San Francisco Art Association. He made a career as a contractor in electrical engineering before he started painting, and he was also interested in commerce, serving as director of several firms.
Early life.
Davis was born in Stockton, California, the son of Isaac Elphinstone Davis, an engineer and miner from Massachusetts who became wealthy during the California Gold Rush not by mining gold but by manufacturing lime. Davis's mother was Sarah Adams, a young widow whose first husband died while on an engineering assignment in Hawaii. She married Isaac E. Davis in the early 1850s. The couple had four children: Willis, Gertrude (who later married F. W. Van Sicklen), Ethel (who later married Edward C. Hodges), and Horace who died in childhood. Davis's father was respected for his leadership and citizenship, having been a member of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance, and the president of the Society of California Pioneers.
Davis traveled east to get his education at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A member of the class of 1877, he graduated early in 1876 with a degree in science and literature, intending to go into the mining business.
Career.
Returning to California after college, Davis settled in San Francisco, taking residence among other well-to-do citizens in Pacific Heights at 2501 Scott Street. He established a business in electrical engineering at 211 Drumm Street in downtown San Francisco near the docks. Once a year at the end of May he administered entrance examinations to local MIT candidates. His electrical contracting business was successful, and his father hired him to help in the administration of the family lime business which was then operating as Davis & Cowell in Santa Cruz. He also served on the board of directors of the San Francisco Savings and Loan Society and the Edison Light and Power Company of San Francisco.
Retiring from the field of engineering, Davis began to paint landscapes for his own pleasure, caring little for the opinions of others.
Davis joined the Bohemian Club on June 30, 1892, and served on its board of directors from 1894. By 1904 he was the club's treasurer.
In 1900 Davis exhibited at the 4th Annual Bohemian Club Exhibition held at the clubhouse, a showing which displayed 224 canvases and 3 sculptures to the public, by invitation. In 1902 Davis spent a few weeks sketching scenery in the Sierras with his painter friend John Marshall Gamble. In December 1903 Davis brought four canvases to this annual event, gaining particular attention for his landscape titled "Orange County Hills". In 1910, Davis's paintings were said by art writer Sophia P. Comstock to have brought record-breaking prices.
Davis served on the board of the San Francisco Art Association from 1900, and then as president beginning in 1902. He was serving as president when the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art was destroyed by the catastrophic fire following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. All of the Institute's records and many of its works of art were lost. Davis reported that the loss represented about $2 million from the original construction of the building as a grand residence for railroad magnate Mark Hopkins Jr, augmented by about $400,000 spent turning the mansion into an art school, plus an estimated $173,000 in lost artwork and other contents of the building. Davis quickly established a temporary office in Lower Pacific Heights near his own home, and he began the process of rallying support to finance the rebuilding of the Institute. Davis spent the summer of 1906 resting at the Tahoe Tavern hotel and sketching in the Lake Tahoe area.
Personal life.
With his wife Elsie, Davis produced three children: daughters Edna and Sydney, and son Willis Elphinstone Davis Jr.
In February 1909 the "San Francisco Call" reported that Davis's daughter Edna had surprised everyone and eloped with a "young man of excellent family", San Francisco resident Pierre C. Moore. Sydney Davis told the newspaper that her sister and Moore had been longtime friends. Davis and his wife gave their blessing to the union when they were informed of it over the phone. Edna divorced him in September 1919, then in 1920 Moore was ejected from the Pacific-Union Club after he was sued by a club chambermaid for sexual assault.
Davis's wife, Elise "Elsie" Kohler Davis, died suddenly of stroke in Boston on October 4, 1909; a memorial service was held at the Davis home a week later. Davis and his wife had been preparing to travel Europe for his health, to be joined at some point by their daughter Sydney. Davis's health remained perilous after his wife's death, so he convinced his painter friend Gamble to accompany his travels. The two men visited Italy and France, making many sketches of people and places. Davis reported in February 1910 that he wanted to stay for a couple of months in Nice, and that he intended to visit Russia, Germany, Denmark and Great Britain before returning home at the end of 1910. However, he changed his mind and booked passage home on the ocean liner RMS "Oceanic", bound for New York from Cherbourg. On March 11, 1910, in mid-voyage, Davis committed suicide by firing a heavy revolver at his head. One newspaper account said that Davis had long been suffering from neurasthenia, and that the suicide was the result of grief from losing his wife combined with increasingly poor health and a nervous breakdown. Davis left a sizable estate, worth more than $350,000. Davis's brother-in-law F. W. Van Sicklen met the ship and took his remains back to San Francisco.
Davis's son began competing in tennis in 1913, dropping "Junior" to be known simply as Willis E. Davis to the tennis world. Known for great speed in his serve, he rose to become the U.S. national champion on the clay court in 1916. The same year he took the U.S. national mixed doubles championship, teaming with Eleonora Sears. He retired seven years later.


Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), both which may be toxic polyhalogenated compounds and some PCDE congeners have been reported to cause toxic responses similar to those caused by some of the non-ortho-substituted PCBs, which are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).


Tenant improvement


Bernie Banton

Bernard Douglas Banton AM (13 October 1946 – 27 November 2007) was an Australian social justice campaigner. He was the widely recognised face of the legal and political campaign to achieve compensation for the many sufferers of asbestos-related conditions, which they contracted after either working for the company James Hardie or being exposed to James Hardie Industries' products.
Banton himself suffered from multiple forms of asbestos-related diseases, being diagnosed with asbestosis and also asbestos-related pleural disease (ARPD) in January 1999 after having worked at James Hardie Industries, decades earlier, making asbestos lagging. These conditions required him to carry an oxygen tank wherever he went. On the 17 August 2007, he was also diagnosed with terminal peritoneal mesothelioma asbestos cancer, dying a short 103 days later. The 2009 book "Killer Company" details Banton's fight against James Hardie.
Banton brought an action against Amaca Pty Ltd before the Dust Diseases Tribunal of New South Wales.
Other campaigning.
Banton's final campaign public appearance was In October 2007, during the midst of the 2007 federal election campaign. Banton attempted to personally present Minister for Health Tony Abbott, [later the 28th Prime Minister of Australia] with a petition to include a drug for treating malignant mesothelioma on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. When Minister Abbott was not in attendance at his Manly (Sydney), NSW electoral office, Banton called him "a gutless creep". Responding, Minister Abbott, who had been in Victoria at the time, was quoted as saying, "Let's be upfront about this. I know Bernie is very sick, but just because a person is sick doesn't necessarily mean that he is pure of heart in all things." He then dismissed the presenting of the petition (at his office) as a "stunt", as he was not aware that Mr Banton had planned to present the petition at his Sydney office until it was too late. Minister Abbott apologised personally to Banton the following morning with Banton offering his own apology in return.
In his victory speech on 24 November after winning the election, the Prime Minister-elect Kevin Rudd paid special tribute to Banton, saying that he represented the "great Australian trade union movement" and was a beacon of decency in his fight for compensation.
Banton died at his home on 27 November, just three days after the election.
Honours.
In the Queen's Birthday Honours of 13 June 2005 he was made a Member of the Order of Australia "for service to the community, particularly as an advocate for people affected by asbestos-related illnesses".
Banton's family accepted the NSW government's offer of a state funeral, which was held on 5 December 2007. Both the Australian and the NSW state flags were lowered to half mast that day on all NSW government buildings and establishments, as a mark of respect.
On 21 January 2009, a new asbestos diseases research institute at Sydney's Concord Repatriation General Hospital was named the Bernie Banton Centre. The facility is the world's first standalone research facility dedicated to the treatment and prevention of asbestos-related diseases. The Bernie Banton Bridge, which carries Marsden Street over the Parramatta River in Parramatta also bears his name.
Banton also had a foundation named in his honour. The Bernie Banton Foundation was an Australian not-for-profit organisation devoted to asbestos awareness and education, support and patient advocacy on behalf of asbestos related disease sufferers, their carers and loved ones. The Foundation's aim was to be: ‘The voice of reason for Australian asbestos related disease sufferers, their carers and loved ones, allied health and care providers, and to the wider community.’ The foundation was launched by the Prime Minister, The Hon Kevin Rudd, on 11 September 2009 at Sydney's Concord Repatriation General Hospital.


Developments at Zoo Basel

The Zoo Basel is constantly upgrading its infrastructure, but can hardly grow in area, as it is
surrounded by the city of Basel, Switzerland, and, in the south, by Binningen. While most projects are upgrading older infrastructure and constructing multiple-animal exhibits, the zoo has plans to expand in area as well.
2011 / 2012: Monkey house and exhibit.
Starting in April/May 2010 the monkey house and the surrounding area will undergo extensive construction. This includes the demolition of the small monkey house (home of the ring-tailed lemurs), the macaques rock, the children's play ground, the old bear exhibits, and several paths.
On June 30, 2011 the enlarged monkey house opened. While visitors have the same amount of space available, the apes' space more than doubled from to . The old outer walls were removed and the living quarters were extended in depth and height. Eventually, there will be additional compartments with no public access, a service tunnel, worker quarters, and restrooms added.
In summer 2012 five large outdoor "cages", the remodeled monkey house roof, a new ape playground, and several new paths will open. The outdoor cages will have a double net layer; one for safety reasons and the other, outer layer, for plants to grow on. The cages' heights will be for the orangutans and for the other apes. The apes' outdoor area will grow from today's to over . The children's playground is planned to go along with the jungle theme - similar to the one in the Etosha exhibit. The paths on the monkey roof, around the new cages, by the main entrance, and the former bear exhibits will be adjusted and/or newly constructed.
Temporary housing.
According to the "Basler Zeitung" online on March 10, 2010, the orangutans left Basel. The gorillas and 150 other smaller monkey found a temporary home on an unidentified Novartis site in Basel. On April 14, 2010, "Basler Zeitung" reported that all apes left the zoo. All monkeys returned before the monkey house opening on June 30, 2011 - except the orangutans and the woolly monkeys.
Time table.
All projects are completed, with the exception of the opening of the five large outdoor cages. This, final phase, is scheduled to open on September 28, 2012.
2014: Restaurant renovation and expansion.
The renovation is scheduled to start in 2013 and just before Easter 2014 the restaurant, at least partially, will be re-opened. During renovation it is planned to continue restaurant services in tents.
2016: New elephant house.
The current elephant house (constructed in 1953) is due to be renovated and expanded. Planned are boxes for the females, a larger outdoor male area, and overall expansion of the area towards the old kangaroo exhibit.
Because of an estimated 24-million-Swiss-franc donation for the monkey expansion project, Zoo Basel is able to finance this project. According to "Basler Zeitung" from May 12, 2010, the elephant house will be expanded before the Ozeanium project.
On June 21, 2012 Zoo Basel's board of directors approved this project. Under the theme "mobility," a new exhibit is planned on the current elephant exhibit. According to Oliver Pagan, zoo director, this exhibit will be larger than the current elephant exhibit and include the old kangaroo exhibit, the playground adjacent to the elephant house, and the lemurs exhibit. The new elephant exhibit will have three parts: one for the male and two for females. Construction is scheduled to start in 2013 and is planned to conclude in 2016.
2018: Ozeanium (additional aquarium).
On March 17, 2009, Zoo Basel announced its intent to build Switzerland's first large-scale ocean aquarium. Mainly through private donors, a 70-million-Swiss-franc building is planned to be built on the Heuwaage square and will extend into the downtown nightlife strip of "Steinen". It is scheduled to open in 2018.
Future animals.
The building will host several thousand animals from all five large oceans in tanks that are up to 8 metres and a diameter of up to 30 metres. Among these animals are planned to be sharks, coral reefs, large octopuses, and penguins.
House description.
The building will have four floors: One underground, on ground level, and two above ground. It will have a themed restaurant and shops that will be opened beyond the regular zoo hours.
Aquarium in Middle Europe.
Zoo Basel's proposal would be the only large scale aquarium in Switzerland in middle Europe. According to Zoo Basel, similar ocean aquariums are over away. Among them in Arnhem (Netherlands), Genoa (Italy), Lisbon (Portugal), and Barcelona (Spain). All of them are popular visitor destinations with hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Because of these examples Zoo Basel anticipates that its Ozeanium would be self-sustaining and boost the zoo's annual visitors to over 2 million.
Panda exhibit.
In the long run, Zoo Basel would like to acquire rare giant pandas and have them in the Sautergarten area as part of the Asian theme area. According to the zoo's web page, zoo officials hope that giant pandas would "excite visitors to learn about the Chinese plant and animal life, as well as environment protection".
Other area expansion possibilities.
Since 1961, the zoo has not grown in area.
Asia theme area.
There is a possibility to expand east across the Birsig river. This would allow additional space for the giant pandas and other exhibits in the Sauter Garden.
Parking space.
In various Basler Zeitung publications, a possible expansion to the north (Nachtigallen Wäldchen) was mentioned. A possible scenario would have demolished the parking facilities and moved them to another place, possibly a car park underneath the street just east of the current parking area, underneath the Erdbeerestreet.


Lillian Burke

Lillian Burke (October 4, 1879 – April 13, 1952) was an American artist, teacher, musician and occupational therapist chiefly known for developing a hooked-rug cottage industry in the village of Chéticamp, Cape Breton. From 1927 until 1940, Burke taught the French-speaking women of the village how to create high-quality hooked rugs based on her own designs. Most of the rugs were commissioned by leading New York decorators on behalf of their affluent clients.
Background.
Burke worked with the support of Marion Hubbard Bell Fairchild, youngest daughter of Alexander Graham Bell whose wife Mabel had founded Cape Breton Home Industries to train young women in lace-making and fine needlework as a way of earning extra money. After Mabel Bell's death in 1923, Burke and Fairchild re-established the organization to market hooked rugs in an attempt to alleviate the poverty that prevailed in all of Atlantic Canada during the 1920s and 1930s. By one account, the hooked-rug trade brought tens of thousands of dollars into Chéticamp each year during the Great Depression when Cape Breton lumber camps were closed, the gypsum mine was no longer operating and fish sold at ridiculously low prices.
Influenced by William Morris and his Arts and Crafts movement, Burke created hundreds of original rug designs including ones decorated with flowers, birds, animals, trellises and ribbons. The finished rugs were hooked using dyed, home-spun yarn in the soft, muted tones that Morris favoured and that became fashionable among collectors who valued handcrafted textiles over ones that were mass produced. One of Burke's most notable creations was a 648-square-foot rug based on an intricate 17th century French design. It took her three months to block out the pattern for this 1937 Chéticamp Savonnerie carpet on its burlap underlay.
By the mid-1930s, Burke began to face resistance from the Acadian women who were producing ever-larger hooked rugs in factory-like conditions with delayed payments based on the finished product, not the hours spent producing it. Unfounded rumours circulated that Burke was making huge profits while steep increases in U.S. customs tariffs combined with the need to pay postage made the Chéticamp hooked rugs increasingly uncompetitive. To make ends meet, Burke had taken a part-time job in 1930 as an attendant at the State Mental Hospital in Brooklyn. In 1943, she was appointed to a full-time position in the Department of Occupational Therapy at the New York State Psychiatric Institute in Manhattan. Her work there as head of the music therapy program fit well with her earlier experiences as an arts and crafts therapist working with wounded soldiers in Europe and America during and after World War I.
Early life and education.
Mary Lillian Burke was born on October 4, 1879 in Washington D.C., the eldest of five children. Her parents, Michael Burke and Mary Wasney, were from working class, immigrant families. Her three-year-old brother died in 1886 and when she was eight, her father succumbed to pulmonary tuberculosis. The following year, a sister died at age two. To support her family, Mary Burke was forced to return to the Government Printing Office where she had worked before her marriage in 1879. Mary's 10-hour days, six days a week, sewing and binding government documents, forced Lillian to act as surrogate mother to her two younger siblings.
Lillian Burke attended Peabody Elementary School in Washington's Stanton Square. However, various records appear to indicate that she likely also attended St. Cecilia's Academy as a part-time student where she would have studied music as well as sewing and painting. In 1893, Burke was admitted to Eastern High School which offered new courses in physical training, home economics and fine art including drawing, painting and sculpture along with other innovations such as learning by doing, problem solving, critical thinking, entrepreneurship and social responsibility.
On her graduation from high school in 1898, Burke won a scholarship allowing her to attend the two-year, teacher training program at Washington Normal School. There she would have taken courses in "child study" or psychology as well as such subjects as music, physical culture, sewing, elocution, penmanship and drawing.


Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act

The Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act is a 2004 New Jersey law aimed at protecting the Highlands region of northwest New Jersey by regulating development within the region under the supervision of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The Highland region covers , nearly one-ninth of the state, and is home to 880,000 residents. The area is primarily in Warren, Morris, Hunterdon, Passaic, and Sussex counties. The act is intended to preserve both large volumes of New Jersey's fresh water sources for 5.4 million residents and the biodiversity in the area, in the face of increasing development in the exurbs of New York City. The act was signed into law on August 10, 2004, by Governor of New Jersey James McGreevey.
The provisions of the Act are monitored and controlled by the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Council. The Council has 15 members, with a minimum of eight officials named from the Highlands Region, at least five of whom are municipal officials and three of whom must be county officials.
A variety of legal challenges to the Highlands Act have already been filed, mostly in state court and at least one in federal court in Trenton. In that case, the Phillipsburg Alliance Church of Phillipsburg, Warren County, sued the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection seeking to enjoin her and NJDEP from denying the church an exemption under the Highlands Act which would permit it to build its proposed new church sanctuary on a parcel in neighboring Lopatcong, New Jersey. The property lies on the boundary of the Highland's Act's preservation zone, on the boundary of the planning zone.
The way in which the State of New Jersey delineated the boundaries of the Act have been the subject of dispute. Although many believe that the boundaries of the Act are coextensive with geological and hydrological features, Governor Jim McGreevey has indicated in his book that political considerations also played a role..
Municipalities.
The following municipalities are in the region regulated by the act:


Tasman Sea

The Tasman Sea (Māori: "Te Tai-o-Rehua", ) is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about across and about from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who was the first recorded European to encounter New Zealand and Tasmania. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s as part of his first voyage of exploration.
The Tasman Sea is informally referred to in both Australian and New Zealand English as the Ditch; for example, "crossing the Ditch" means travelling to Australia from New Zealand, or vice versa. The diminutive term "the Ditch" used for the Tasman Sea is comparable to referring to the North Atlantic Ocean as "the Pond".
Climate.
The south of the sea is passed over by depressions going from west to east. The northern limit of these westerly winds is near to 40°S. During the southern winter, from April to October, the northern branch of these winds from the west changes its direction toward the north and goes up against trade winds. Hence, the sea receives frequent winds from the southwest during this period. In the Australian summer (from November to March), the southern branch of the trade winds goes up against west winds and produces further wind activity in the area.
Geography.
The Tasman Sea is wide and has an area of . The depth of the sea is .
The base of the sea is made up of globigerina ooze. A small zone of pteropod ooze is found to the south of New Caledonia and to the southern extent of 30°S, siliceous ooze can be found.
Extent.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Tasman Sea as:
Ridge.
The Tasman Sea's midocean ridge developed between 85 and 55 million years ago as Australia and Zealandia broke apart during the breakup of supercontinent Gondwana. It lies roughly midway between the continental margins of Australia and Zealandia. Much of Zealandia is submerged, so the ridge runs much closer to the Australian coast than New Zealand's.
Islands.
The Tasman Sea features a number of midsea island groups, quite apart from coastal islands located near the Australian and New Zealand mainlands:
Animal and plant life.
A deep-sea research ship, the RV "Tangaroa", explored the sea and found 500 species of fish and 1300 species of invertebrates. The tooth of a megalodon, an extinct shark, was also found by researchers.
History.
Moncrieff and Hood were the first to attempt a trans-Tasman crossing by plane in 1928. The first successful flight over the sea was accomplished by Charles Kingsford Smith later that year. The first person to row solo across the sea was Colin Quincey in 1977. The next successful solo crossing was completed by his son, Shaun Quincey, in 2010.


Michigan Conservation Officers

Michigan Conservation Officers are conservation officers who are the enforcement branch of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Their primary duty is to enforce the environmental laws in the State of Michigan. Michigan Conservation Officers are fully commissioned peace officers and are empowered to enforce all the laws of the state of Michigan.
The Michigan Conservation Officers work with local police departments, sheriff's departments, the Michigan State Police, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement Division and other state, federal, and foreign agencies.
History.
"Early Michigan citizens recognized the rich and vast natural treasures surrounding them and the need for their conservation and protection. The result was the nation's first salaried game warden, William Alden Smith, who was appointed in 1887.
Warden Smith was charged principally with appointing deputies for the enforcement of fish and game regulations. The mission of the DNR Law Enforcement Division has expanded substantially since Smith's appointment and now includes protection of all natural resources and the environment, as well as the health and safety of the public.
Today, "Conservation Officers" and other noncommissioned support staff direct their efforts to a wide array of responsibilities designed to support this broad mission. Enforcement, Education, Recreational Safety and Public Outreach represent some of the general categories of services.
Department Overview.
Structure.
Michigan Conservation Officers fall under the Law Enforcement Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Some states including Oregon and Alaska include environmental law enforcement under the Department of State Police. This allows resources to be combined and saves the states money by eliminating duplicate services. Combining the two departments also has some disadvantages. Most states don't combine the two departments. The Law Enforcement Division is broken down into a number of subsections. The subsections include:
Personnel.
The Law Enforcement Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources has approximately 250 officers.
They are represented in collective bargaining by a union, the Michigan Conservation Officer Association.
The last time the Law Enforcement Division (LED) of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources held a recruit academy was 2018. The academy concluded December 2018. At that time they added 24 new conservation officers.
Transportation.
Michigan conservation officers use the Chevrolet Silverado and Chevrolet Tahoe as patrol vehicles. They also use patrol boats, both motorized and human-powered, that range in size when they patrol the Great Lakes, inland lakes, rivers, and streams. Other vehicles used include snowmobiles and All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs).
Fallen Officers.
From 1908 to date the Michigan Conservation Officers have lost 13 officers in the line of duty. The sacrifice of these officers are customarily recognized on the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial or at North American Game Warden Museum on the Jurisdictional Plaque. There are also individual memorials scattered around the state.
Training.
In January 2014 the MDNR Law Enforcement Division commenced its first academy since 2007 with 31 recruits. This ended a nearly 7-year gap in recruit schools. During the gap, caused by budgetary issues, once an individual was selected for the position of Conservation Officer and the individual was not certified by MCOLES the MDNR paid the individual to complete the required MCOLES Academy. They then would complete the MDNR Environmental Law Enforcement courses. If the individual was MCOLES certified the individual would go through training courses focusing on Environmental Law Enforcement.
Once selected by the Department of Natural Resources through a rigorous selection process the recruits go through an intense 22-week live in training period. The live-in training is held at the Michigan State Police training facility in Lansing. Once completed, the recruits are then fully commissioned conservation officers. After the training, the new officers will be assigned a field-training officer for 18 weeks at a variety of locations around the state. Once the probation period is completed, the officers will be assigned to one of the 83 counties in Michigan. Michigan Conservation Officers are certified by the Michigan Commission on Law Enforcement Standards or MCOLES.
Other.
MDNR Report All Poaching Hotline RAP 1-800-292-7800


Social Salvation

Social Salvation started as an 1898 series of films and slides produced by the Limelight Department of the Salvation Army in Australia. It was directed by Herbert Booth, who would present the films while lecturing. By 1900 it had evolved to a series of 25 one minute films and 275 slides.
It has been acclaimed as the first Australian narrative film on social work.


Caretakers Cottage

Caretakers Cottage is an Australian non-profit, non-governmental organisation based in Sydney assisting children and young adults facing homelessness. Caretakers Cottage is funded by the New South Wales Department of Family and Community Services to provide services for young people across Sydney's South-Eastern district. Services include short-term, emergency accommodation, semi-independent living options, case support and early intervention for young people at risk of homelessness.
The early formation of the organisation began in 1972 with the establishment of a teen drop-in centre. The refuge began informally accommodating young people from 1975, and Caretakers Cottage was formally established in 1977 as the Paddington Woollahra Youth Service (PWYS), making it one of the first youth refuges in New South Wales. The organisation has assisted thousands of young people from across Sydney, including many from Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, and an estimated one third of young people assisted are of Aboriginal heritage.
History.
1972: The Club.
The roots of Caretakers Cottage begin in 1972 when Laurie Matthews and family founded a drop in centre for teens called "The Club." The centre was supported by just $40 a week, in collaboration with the Holdsworth Community Centre, helping to support youth in the Eastern Suburbs.
1975-1977: Informal accommodation and later founding.
In 1975, the Matthews family begin to informally accommodate youth at a property owned by the Oxford Street Uniting Church in Paddington, where Laurie Matthews' father, Reverend Rex Matthews, served as a minister. The Matthews family lived in a home owned by the parish and the original refuge was in a smaller caretaker's cottage located on the premises, hence the refuge's present name. The refuge began as a place for young people coming from the country to stay while they found work and accommodation. Laurie Matthews first ran the refuge out of his own pocket, and after two years, it became one of the first youth refuges in New South Wales to receive funding from Department of Family and Community Services. After receiving government funding, the refuge then moved into the main house where the Matthews family had previously lived. In 1977, Caretakers began receiving funding from the New South Wales Department of Family Community Services (FaCS). During these early years, however, most of the funding for Caretakers Cottage came from the parish's Village Church centre. The refuge was run by Laurie and his wife Sara, who worked for little and often no pay. The organisation was incorporated that year under the name Paddington Woollahra Youth Service (PWYS). By 1980, the refuge had moved from the caretaker's cottage to the parsonage and Reverend Rex Matthews allowed the cottage to house an experiential program, funded by local council, allowing old people to live there independently, in the refuge's place.
Through its informal start and subsequent founding, Caretakers founded one of the first youth refuges in New South Wales. Other early refuges include Young People's Refuge (now an all-female refuge), founded in 1975, and Taldumande Youth Refuge (originally intended as an organisation to care for indigenous Australians), founded in 1976.
Eastern House.
According to a work "History of Caretakers" written by youth workers Peter Matthews, D. Maler, M. Fulford, & D. Coulter, in 1984, the Caretakers Cottage youth refuge in Paddington was linked to a volunteer “extended family
group” at Eastern House, which was next door to the refuge. The members of the family were two parents (Reverend Rex Matthews & his wife Gwenneth Matthews), a 15-year-old sister, 18-year-old brother and a female and male university student.
Move to Surry Hills.
After 15 years of the organisation being centered in Paddington, Caretakers Cottage moved to Surry Hills. The move was preceded by an eviction notice from the Uniting Church who owned the property housing the Caretakers Cottage youth refuge. The New South Wales Department of Housing provided funding for the organisation to purchase a new property, however, the organisation was forced to leave Paddington as a result of the shortage of large family homes available for sale in the area.
Move to Bondi.
Caretakers Cottage moved from Surry Hills to Bondi, where it is currently headquartered. In 2014, the Caretakers Crisis Refuge in Bondi underwent renovations and received the support of Gumtree Roadshow, a corporate social responsibility project by Gumtree Australia, having stylists assist in the refurnishing and redecorating.
30 Year celebration.
On Tuesday, 23 October 2007, Caretakers Cottage celebrated 30 years since the founding of the youth refuge. In attendance were Mr. Malcolm Turnbull, Member for Wentworth, and Ms. Sylvia Hale of the NSW Greens Party.
Going Home Staying Home Launch.
On 15 May 2015, Caretakers Cottage formally launched their comprehensive program following the "Going Home Staying Home" reforms. The new program partnered Caretakers Cottage services and Ted Noffs Foundation. The event was attended by Brad Hazzard, NSW Minister for Family and Community Services, Gabrielle Upton, NSW Attorney General, and Sally Betts, Mayor of Waverley.
Programs and Services.
Case management.
Caretakers Cottage is a Specialist Homeless Service that provides case management in addition to providing accommodation.
Partnerships.
Caretakers Cottage partners with the Ted Noffs Foundation. The partnership commenced as a response to the New South Wales Government "Going Home Staying Home" reforms, first initiated under then Minister for Family and Community Services (FaCS), Pru Goward. Caretakers Cottage and Ted Noffs jointly tendered for a multi-purpose youth homelessness funding under the Going Home Staying Home reforms. The partnership allowed for the full implementation of the reform along with the elements of previous tenders. The partnership has enabled Ted Noffs to provide crisis accommodation with the added focus of drug & alcohol and lifestyle issues.
Memberships.
Caretakers Cottage is a member of Yfoundations, a peak body organisation on youth homelessness. Caretakers Cottage and seventeen other youth homelessness services helped found Yfoundations in 1979. The organisation was initially called Youth Refuge Action Group (YRAG), and changed its name several times over the years, including YRA, YRAA, YAA, and presently, Yfoundations.
Caretakers Cottage is a member of the Association of Children's Welfare Agencies, a peak body organisation founded in 1958.
People.
Laurie Matthews.
Laurie Matthews serves as CEO of Caretakers Cottage a youth homelessness service in Sydney, Australia. Laurie also serves on the board of Southern Youth and Family Services, a service based in Wollongong. Laurie has also served on the board of Yfoundations for a number of years between 1989 and 2011.
Laurie, together with his wife Sara Matthews, founded the Caretakers Cottage youth refuge in 1977. At the time, funding for the refuge came from the parish's Village Church centre, however, Laurie and Sara ran the refuge for little and often no pay.
In the 1980s, Laurie had established an accommodation referral service, "Phone-A-Home," utilizing a computerized system of shared accommodation options in the local area. The project allowed callers to seek accommodation while filtering for particular preferences such as "non-smokers, vegetarians, same musical interests."
In 2015, Laurie Matthews was awarded with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Youth Action, a peak body organisation for young people and youth services in New South Wales.


King George V Police Coronation Medal

The Police Coronation Medal was sanctioned in 1911 as an award to policemen, members of ambulance units, firemen and Royal Parks' staff on duty during the official celebrations of the coronation of King George V that took place during 1911.
Award.
The medal was presented in silver to all ranks. It continued the practice of awarding a special medal to police on duty during major royal celebrations that commenced with Queen Victoria's Golden and Diamond Jubilee Police Medals, and Edward VII's Police Coronation Medal, although qualification was now widened to include bodies outside London.
Several service organisations qualified, with the name of the organisation shown on the reverse of the medal.
A total of 31,822 medals were awarded:

Metropolitan Police 19,783

Scottish Police 2,800

St John Ambulance Brigade 2,755

County and Borough Police 2,565

City of London Police 1,400

London Fire Brigade 1,374

Royal Irish Constabulary 585

St Andrew’s Ambulance Corps 310

Police Ambulance Service 130

Royal Parks 120
No recipient was permitted to receive both the Police Coronation Medal and the more broadly awarded Coronation Medal 1911.
Description.
The medal is silver and is in diameter. It was designed by the Australian sculptor Bertram Mackennal.