Thomas Van Orden

Thomas David Van Orden (September 1, 1944 – November 11, 2010) was an American lawyer who challenged the constitutionality of displaying the Ten Commandments on the grounds of the Texas Capitol under the Establishment Clause of the U.S. Constitution. "Van Orden v. Perry", 125 S. Ct. 2854 (2005).
Van Orden is lesser known for "In Re Van Orden", 559 S.W.2d 805, Tex. Crim. App., (1977) in which he was punished as an attorney for contempt by the highest criminal court in Texas.
Early life and education.
A native Texan born in Fort Worth who spent part of his boyhood in Tyler, Van Orden graduated from the University of North Texas and then earned his law degree from Southern Methodist University School of Law. Van Orden described himself as a "religious pluralist."
Career.
Vietnam War.
Thomas Van Orden was a veteran who served during the Vietnam War. He was initially assigned to be an Army helicopter door gunner but was reassigned to the Judge Advocate General's Corps and tasked with preparing wills for his fellow soldiers. Thomas's older brother was killed in action in the same conflict. His brother, a Navy pilot, served aboard the same carrier as future senator and presidential contender John McCain. Like his brother, Van Orden later became a civilian pilot as well as an instructor.
Legal practice.
After his service, Thomas Van Orden returned to Tyler to practice law, and this included a tenure as attorney for the City of Tyler. Van Orden was also appointed to represent clients by the Hon. William Wayne Justice, the U.S. district judge for the Eastern District of Texas, sitting in Tyler. Van Orden subsequently relocated to Houston to focus his practice on criminal defense before eventually again moving his law practice to Austin. His license to practice law was suspended in December 1999 for "disciplinary sanctions" and "default in payment of occupation tax."
"Van Orden v. Perry".
"Van Orden v. Perry" was presented before the U.S. Supreme Court on March 2, 2005. For the final appeal before the U.S. Supreme Court Van Orden's was represented by Erwin Chemerinsky, an American lawyer, law professor, and prominent scholar in United States constitutional law and federal civil procedure. The contention was that a large granite monument carved with the Ten Commandments, on display on the Texas State Capitol grounds in Austin, violated the Establishment Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
Van Orden argued that Texas "accepted" the monument "for the purpose of promoting the Commandments as a personal code of conduct for youths and because the Commandments are a sectarian religious code, their promotion and endorsement by the State as a personal code contravenes the First Amendment." He asserted that the district court's finding that the State had a secular purpose for the display is not supported by the evidence and that a reasonable viewer would perceive the display of the Decalogue as a State advancement and endorsement of religion favoring the Jewish and Christian faiths. Excerpted: 351 F.3d 173 U.S., 5th Cir (2003).
In a decision reached June 27, 2005, the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 against Van Orden. The opinion has several notable distinctions. It is one of the last opinions delivered by the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist.
Rehnquist wrote the plurality opinion upholding the constitutionality of a display of the Ten Commandments at the Texas state capitol in Austin:
"Our cases, Janus-like, point in two directions in applying the Establishment Clause. One face looks toward the strong role played by religion and religious traditions throughout our Nation's history... The other face looks toward the principle that governmental intervention in religious matters can itself endanger religious freedom."
This opinion was joined by Justices Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas; Breyer filed a separate opinion concurring in the plurality's judgment. It is perceived as undermining the legacy of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's contribution to American jurisprudence by the majority's rejection of the "Lemon" test as announced in "Lemon v. Kurtzman", 403 U.S. 602 (1971). Several books have since been written about the case.
Van Orden is also considered noteworthy because he was at the time of his lawsuit and during the litigation destitute and homeless, living out of a tent. The media thus dubbed him "The Homeless Lawyer", a label Van Orden expressed distaste for, stating, "What do you think defines me: where I slept or what I did all day?" However, when friends put him up in an apartment, he soon left to return to his tent in the woods.
Personal life.
Suffering from depression during professional and financial troubles, he was divorced in the 1990s. In early 1992 Thomas Van Orden resided in Henderson, Texas, taking shelter at various locations, including First United Methodist Church and using the city library.
At the age of 66, Van Orden died at a Temple, Texas, hospital and was buried at the Central Texas State Veterans Cemetery in Killeen.


Kevin Steede


Bill Sissons

William Stanley Sissons (1 February 1901 – 28 June 1988) was an English footballer who made 74 appearances in the Football League playing as a goalkeeper for Lincoln City. His career ended at the age of 25 when he suffered a badly broken arm.
Life and career.
Sissons was born in Kiveton Park, Yorkshire, in 1901, the son of Samuel, a coal miner, and his wife, Sarah Ann (Annie). By the time of the 1911 Census, Sissons' father had died, and he and his two sisters were living with their widowed mother.
By early 1923, Sissons was playing local football for Anston Athletic, as well as cricket for Kiveton Park Colliery: he helped that club win the Bassetlaw League title for the first time in 1926. After trials with Football League club Lincoln City, he signed professional forms ahead of the 1924–25 season. After starting goalkeeper Bernard Wrigley conceded four goals in each of Lincoln's third and fourth matches, Sissons, who had impressed for the reserves in the Midland League, replaced him for the Third Division North match away to Crewe Alexandra on 17 September, and was ever-present for the rest of the season. He was undisputed first choice through the 1925–26 season, and signed on again for the next, but lost his place to the giant Albert Iremonger, released by Notts County after 21 years and 564 League appearances. In mid-September 1926, Sissons broke both bones of his forearm during a reserve match, and was expected to be out for at least a couple of months. The arm did not heal wella year later, after several operations, he was still receiving treatmentand his professional career was at an end.
In 1936, Sissons married Elsie Johnson. They settled in Winterton, Lincolnshire, where Sissons ran a fish and chip shop. During the Second World War he served as an ARP warden. In the 1950s and 1960s, Sissons and his wife ran the post office and general stores in nearby Langworth. Sissons died in Lincoln in 1988 at the age of 87; he and his wife are buried in Nettleham Cemetery.
Sissons' cousin, Albert Sissons, and Albert's son Graham both played football professionally.


To Buy or Not to Buy

To Buy or Not to Buy is a British reality television series made between 2003 and 2010 for BBC One in the UK. The final series was the eleventh and contained 90 episodes, in one of two formats—either 30 or 45 minutes in length. It aired on both BBC1 and BBC2. The show also airs on Saturday mornings on RTÉ One in Ireland.
Background.
The show is based on the concept of housing programmes such as "Location, Location, Location". The idea is to try to find a house for the participants and allow them to test it out before deciding if they want to put in an offer for the house.
Format.
The episodes follow a set pattern. After introducing the prospective buyers and their idea of an ideal home, including location, features and price range, each of the two presenters selects a property they feel fits that ideal. A third property, the so-called 'wild card', may not fully fit this wish list, but is believed to be adequate by the presenters.
The prospective buyers are then given the opportunity to inspect each property, discussing its flaws and merits with the presenters before guessing the property's price. They are then allowed to choose one property for an in-depth 'try before you buy' segment, where they can test drive the property more leisurely. A 'mystery' surveyor often then looks at the property and finds some defects, which are then communicated by the presenters. The episode concludes with a final conversation with the prospective buyers, asking them whether they are in fact interested in purchasing the property.
Presenters.
Throughout the programme, both presenters engage in mildly disparaging yet good-natured banter, both among themselves and with the participants. The final presenters were Jenny Powell, Simon O'Brien, Rani Price, Garold Howesington and Ed Hall.
The original presenter teams was Dominic Littlewood with Kristian Digby, who were joined by Sarah Walker at the end of the first series, as 10 hour-long 'specials' were made, with Walker doing makeover on the contributing couples' house as they househunted with Digby and Littlewood.
For the second series, Digby and Walker paired-up, and Littlewood was joined by Melissa Porter, and then in the first half of 2005 more changes kicked in. Simon Rimmer and Walker made two series together and Digby presented with Simon O'Brien before moving on to his current co-star Ed Hall, until Digby's death 1 March 2010 aged 32.
Past presenters.
Rani Price, Simon O'Brien, Jonnie Irwin, Ed Hall, Jonny Benarr, Nikki Bedi, Kristian Digby, Dominic Littlewood, Melissa Porter, Simon Rimmer, Sarah Walker, Ian Blandford, Melinda Messenger (Guest presenter), Sid Owen (Guest presenter)


Burial society

A burial society is a form of friendly society. These groups historically existed in England and elsewhere, and were constituted for the purpose of providing by voluntary subscriptions for the funeral expenses of the husband, wife or child of a member, or of the widow of a deceased member. Some also allowed for insuring money to be paid on the death of a member.
Not-for-profit burial societies still exist today. For-profit companies also provide funeral insurance.
Jewish communities often include a burial society known as the "chevra kadisha", which also covers performing the necessary Jewish funerary rituals and ceremonies.
In antiquity.
Burial society is a precursor to general insurance which is a recent innovation. Burial societies were first known to exist in ancient Rome and not before. In ancient Rome, various associations of a fraternal nature, as well as religious groups, political clubs, and trade guilds, functioned as burial societies. Terms for these include "hetaeria", "collegium", and "sodalitas". The by-laws of one burial society are preserved by an inscription dating to A.D. 136. Discovered at Lanuvium, the "lex collegia salutaris Dianae et Antinoi" ("By-laws of the Society of Diana and Antinous") details the cost of joining the society, monthly fees, regulations for the burial of members, and the schedule for the group's meetings and dinners. Another example at Rome was the College of Aesculapius and Hygia, founded by a wealthy woman in honor of her dead husband. Inscriptional evidence exists for burial societies throughout the Empire, not just in the city of Rome.
One of the ways that the Romans made sense of the earliest Christian groups was to think of them as associations of this kind, particularly burial societies, which were permitted even when political conflict or civil unrest caused authorities to ban meetings of other groups; Pliny identified Christians collectively as a "hetaeria".
19th century.
Edmund Roberts mentioned the European and Burial Society when he visited Cape Town, South Africa in 1833. The society was founded in 1795 by Dutch settlers. He described it as "supporting poor and unfortunate fellow-countrymen, during their illness, and in the event of their death, to cause them to be respectfully interred". He also mentioned that the society had "considerable funds", during his visit to the area.


Thomas v Sorrell

Thomas v Sorrell [1673] EWHC (KB) J85 is an English law case, concerning licenses. It has been cited in cases in relation to land but has no direct link to land e.g. occupation. It was landmark decision in the law of alcohol licensing (licensing law) and summarizes centuries of law as to licences — it sets out the bold principles of licences of many kinds.
Facts.
Thomas Sorrell owned a tavern in the village of Stepney, some east of the City of London. He was prosecuted by Edward Thomas, acting for the Crown, who demanded that Sorrell pay a penalty to the Crown of £450 for selling having sold wine without a licence, contrary to the Taxation Act 1660. Sorrell claimed that he had a licence in his capacity as a member of the "Master, Wardens, Freemen, and Commonalty of the Mystery of Vintners of the City of London".
The Taxation Act 1660 contained the following provision:
Judgment.
Jury.
That as to all the debt, except fifty pounds, the defendant owes nothing. And as to the fifty pounds, they find the statute of 7 E. 6, c. 5, concerning retailing of wines, prout in the statute.
Chief Justice advising jury on their decision and award.
Vaughan said:
A dispensation or licence properly passeth no interest, nor alters or transfers property in any thing, but only makes an action lawful which, without it, had been unlawful. As a licence to go beyond the seas, to hunt in a man's park, to come into his house, are only actions, which without licence, had been unlawful.
So to licence a man to eat my meat, or to fire the wood in my chimney to warm him by, as to the actions of eating, fireing my wood and warming him, they are licences; but it is consequent necessarily to those actions that my property be destroyed in the meat eaten, and in the wood burnt, so as in some cases by consequent and not directly, and as its effect, a dispensation or licence may destroy and alter property.’
Therefore, the conception of the statute was upheld, as was its proviso in favour of the Vintners. It was not illegitimately interfering with settled property rights nor discriminating unfairly against the general public, considering earlier statutes, nor putting the Vintners at an unfair advantage as Parliament had ordained such a licensing system.
The special alternate verdicts put to the jury were:
A) "Si pro quer. quoad 50l. pro quer." (If for the claimant, £50 for the claimant). As stated above this was the verdict. The Taxation Act of 1660 did contain a free liberty, a dispensation for the Vintners to sell without having to pay the usual penalty for no express specific licence to sell on a particular premises. The £50 arose from the defeat of the dispensatory (royal) letters patent of 2 February the 9th Year of James I (1612) to the Vintners, incapable of modifying the taxation provisions of 7 E. 6, c. 5. (the Wines Act 1553) as purportedly made by James I against a law (the 1553 statute) which was for the public good.
So as now it is only insisted on, that the patent of 9 Jac. was void in its creation, for two reasons.
I must say as my brother Atkins observed before, that in this case the plaintiffs council argue against the Kings prerogative, for the extent of his prerogative is the extent of his power, and the extent of his power is to do what he hath will to do, according to that, ut summm potestatis Regis est posse quantum velit sic magnitudinis est velle quantum potest; if therefore the King have a will to dispense with a corporation, as it seems K.[King] James had in this case, when the patent was granted, but by law cannot, his power, and consequently his prerogative, is less than if he could.
B) "Si pro def. pro def. 1s." (If for the defendant, th of £1 (a shilling) for the defendant). The jury did not reach this verdict. As directed, King James had exceeded his prorogative in his royal letters patent so the statute of Edward VI on wine taxation stood.


Kensington Welfare Rights Union

The Kensington Welfare Rights Union (KRWU) is a progressive social justice, political action, and advocacy group of, by, and for the poor and homeless operating out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The group was founded by six women, Alexis Baptist, Sandy Brennan, Diane Coyett, Cheri Honkala, Louis Mayberry, and Debra Witzman, and formed in Philadelphia's Kensington neighborhood in April 1991.
KWRU is a part of the national organization the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, a coalition of grassroots organizations, community groups, and non-profit organizations committed to uniting the poor across color lines as the leadership base for a broad movement to abolish poverty. KWRU is also a member of the steering committee of the A.N.S.W.E.R. coalition.
KWRU was written about in the 1997 book "Myth of the Welfare Queen" by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Zucchino.
Group activities.
KWRU often used direct action tactics such as tent cities and housing takeover to provide housing and dramatize the plight of the homeless. In 1994 KWRU organized the takeover of 12 vacant HUD owned homes in Philadelphia to try to call attention to HUD's failed housing policies.


Private place

A private place is a self-governing enclave whose common areas (e.g. streets) are owned by the residents, and whose services are provided by the private sector.
The history of St. Louis, Missouri, and its near suburbs is significant in the development of private places. Most were laid out by Prussian-born surveyor and planner Julius Pitzman, who conceived the idea around 1868 as a way for residential landowners to control real estate speculation and maintain property standards, in an era before the protections of zoning. Pitzman designed 47 of these developments over a 50-year period.
The first of these, Lucas Place, dates from 1851 and no longer exists as such. But the growth of these developments began in earnest with Benton Place, in 1868, a 12-house development adjacent to Lafayette Square, St. Louis, and is in more-or-less original condition today. Vandeventer Place, opened in 1870 and included a house design by H.H. Richardson. Vandeventer Place has been replaced by urban development, with the exception of the east gate, which was removed to Forest Park.
In the 1920s, the idea was extended west into the county, particularly Ladue, by developers such as Meier and Comfort.
These privately controlled single-family housing communities in the midst of the city are legally organized somewhat similarly to condominiums, co-ops or homeowners associations. In 1982, the St. Louis metropolitan area had more than 427 street associations administering private places. Although often associated with high-end communities, neighborhoods of various socio-economic natures have been structured as private places.


Calomel disease


Trespass to Premises Act (Alberta)

The Trespass to Premises Act was passed by Alberta's 30th Legislature in autumn 2019. Because the province is unable to write criminal legislation it is a remedy in the civil law, under which the penalties include fines and up to six months in jail.


James Fogle

James Fogle (September 29, 1936 – August 23, 2012) was the American author of the autobiographical novel "Drugstore Cowboy", which became the basis for the film of the same name. He was born in Elcho, Wisconsin.
Fogle was in prison at the time of the film's release in 1989. A career criminal with a sixth-grade education, Fogle had been in trouble with the law many times starting in his teens and throughout the rest of his life. On May 27, 2010, Fogle was arrested with another man for robbing a drugstore in Redmond, Washington. He was held on $500,000 bail as he awaited trial.
Fogle was arrested again for robbing a Seattle pharmacy in 2011. On Friday, March 4, 2011, he was sentenced to 15 years and nine months in prison. On August 23, 2012, Fogle died of mesothelioma at the age of 75 in the state Monroe Correctional Complex in Monroe, Washington. Though Fogle wrote many short stories and novels, the only one that has been published is "Drugstore Cowboy" with the rest in the possession of Daniel Yost, a screenwriter and Fogle's friend.


George Ashmore Fitch

George Ashmore Fitch (1883–1979) was an American Protestant missionary in China, YMCA, Nanking Safety Zone International Committee Administrative Director, and the grandfather of politician George B. Fitch.
Fitch was born in Soochow, China, the son of Presbyterian missionaries George F. and Mary (McLellan) Fitch. He graduated from the College of Wooster, Ohio in 1906, and Union Theological Seminary in New York with a Bachelor of Divinity in 1909. He was ordained in the Presbyterian Church in 1909 and went to China to work with YMCA in Shanghai.
Nanking Massacre.
When the Nanking Massacre occurred in 1937–1938, Fitch, who was head of YMCA there, served as director of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone. He compiled a diary and filmed some of the atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanking in December 1937.
 December 24, 1937
Writing later in his autobiography, Fitch said, "My story created a sensation in Shanghai, for it was the first news of what had happened in the capital since its evacuation, and it was copied and mimeographed and widely distributed there." In 1938 Fitch traveled throughout the United States giving talks about the Nanking Massacre and showing films to document it.
In the documentary film Nanking, Fitch was portrayed by actor John Getz.
After George Fitch departed, Hubert Lafayette Sone was elected Administrative Director of the Nanjing International Relief Committee, successor to the Nanking Safety Zone.
Subsequent career.
He returned to China in 1939 to serve with YMCA and later with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration until 1947. He then served YMCA in Korea and Taiwan until 1961, when he retired in the United States. He died in Claremont, California.


Umweltbundesamt

The Umweltbundesamt (UBA) is the "German Environment Agency". The headquarters are in Dessau-Roßlau. It was founded in Berlin in 1974 and is Germany's main environmental agency. In 2005, the agency moved to Dessau in Saxony-Anhalt. Together with the Bundesamt für Naturschutz, the Bundesamt für kerntechnische Entsorgungssicherheit and the Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, it operates under the jurisdiction of the Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety.
The UBA's spectrum of issues includes all aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment such as:


Annalisa Ciampi

Annalisa Ciampi was the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association from 1 May 2017 to 30 November 2017, succeeding Maina Kiai. She is a Professor of International Law at the University of Verona.


New York City Department of Homeless Services

The New York City Department of Homeless Services (DHS) is an agency within the government of New York City that provides services to the homeless, though its ultimate aim is to overcome homelessness. The guiding principles of the department were outlined at a 1992 New York City Commission on the Homeless: to operate an emergency shelter system for people without housing alternatives, provide services and resources to assist shelter residents in gaining independent housing, and partner with local agencies and non-profits to provide these services. Its two rules are compiled in title 31 of the "New York City Rules"; state regulations are primarily compiled in title 18 of the "New York Codes, Rules and Regulations".
The DHS is headed by Joslyn Carter, Administrator.
Organization.
NYC DHS operates a group of NYS Peace Officers who enforce State and City laws on DHS property, the NYC DHS Police who are responsible for safety and security inside of NYC DHS Homeless Shelters.
Administrative reviews ("Fair Hearings") are handled by the New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance, Office of Administrative Hearings.
Programs.
In 2010, the department oversaw 208 facilities with 18,616 beds and served 113,553 unique individuals. As of December, 2015, there were a total of 65,458 clients in the shelter system. In 2015, the department's budget was $953.5 million.
Analysis and criticism.
In a March 2015 report of the New York City Department of Investigation (DOI) on shelters for families with children, the DOI "found that the family shelters it inspected and reviewed are too often unsafe and unhealthy for children and families". Some homeless say they are denied shelter because the shelter lacks resources for couples without children, and some say they refuse to live in shelters because they are unsafe, because of violence, theft and poor conditions.
Picture the Homeless heavily criticized DHS's use of resources in its 2018 report, "The Business of Homelessness." The organization's recommendations included diverting funds for housing those who are homeless and most at risk of shelter entry, prioritizing capital subsidies for housing for people making as low as 10% of the area median income; semi-annual reports on shelter spending and provider performance; implementing rigorous and effective shelter inspection practices, and overhaul DHS's approach to rental assistance and housing placement.
History.
When the department was created in 1993, New York City was the first city to have a city department that was exclusively focused on the issue of homelessness. The Department of Homeless Services was created in response to the growing number of homeless New Yorkers and the 1981 New York Supreme Court Consent Decree that mandates the State provide shelter to all homeless people. Its first commissioner was Charles V. Raymond. Muzzy Rosenblatt, the agency's first Chief of Staff, may have had a role in convincing Mayor David Dinkins that the homeless shelters could be run more efficiently were it a separate department from the New York City Human Resources Administration. On April 11, 2016, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that the department would again become a part of the New York City Human Resources Administration under what he termed "a joint operating agreement.". On July 10, 2017, Mayor de Blasio named Joslyn Carter the DHS Administrator.
See also.
Homelessness in the United States


Indonesian Sea and Coast Guard

The Indonesian Sea and Coast Guard () is an agency of Government of Indonesia which main function is to ensure the safety of shipping inside the Indonesian Maritime Zone. KPLP has the task of formulating and execute policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures, as well as technical guidance, evaluation and reporting on patrol and security, safety monitoring and Civil Service Investigator (PPNS), order of shipping, water, facilities and infrastructure of coastal and marine guarding. KPLP is under the Directorate General of Sea Transportation of the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. Therefore, KPLP reports directly to the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. KPLP is not associated or part of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. KPLP, however often conduct joint-exercise and joint-operations with the Indonesian Navy.
During the Dutch colonial era, an agency under the colonial government called the Sea and Coast Guard Service () was formed to protect the sea and coast of the Dutch East Indies. After the recognition of the independence of Indonesia by the Dutch, the agency was handed to the new Indonesian government and was renamed to Marine and Coast Guard Service (). The agency then changed its name several times resulting in its present name.
KPLP is not associated with the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (). While the former is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation, the latter is under the jurisdiction of the Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs. Both agencies however have similar roles and functions and often conduct joint operations and joint maneuvers and simulation exercises together.
History.
During the Dutch colonial era, two agency of the colonial government called the Governments's Navy (Dutch: "Gouvernementsmarine") and the Shipping Agency (Dutch: "Dienst van Scheepvaart)" was formed to protect the sea and coast of the Dutch East Indies. The two organisation was briefly dissolved in 1942 during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II. After the Surrender of Japan, the two organization was recreated to continue their main function. In 1947, at the midst of the Indonesian National Revolution, the two agency was merged becoming the Sea and Coast Guard Service (). In parallel to the Dutch agency, the Indonesian government who was then waging war against the Dutch formed their own organisation which has the same role as the Dutch Sea and Coast Guard called the Shipping Service of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: "Jawatan Pelayaran Republik Indonesia").
After the Dutch recognition of Indonesia, the Dutch handed the Sea and Coast Guard to the new Government of Indonesia. The Indonesian government then merged the Sea and Coast Guard and the Shipping Service of the Republic of Indonesia into the Marine and Coast Guard Service (). The agency was immediately placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation. During the turbulence period in the 1950s as well as the rising of secessionist groups around the country, the government decided to transfer the MCGS into the Indonesian Navy on 31 January 1950 as a paramilitary branch. In 1952, the agency was again separated from the Indonesian Navy and was again placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation. The agency however still worked together with the Navy and Police to put down secessionist groups around the country until the early 1960s.
In 1962, the agency was renamed to Operasi Polisionil di Laut ( OPDIL ) and was placed under the Directorate of Sea Operations of the Ministry of Transportation. In 1965, OPDIL was renamed again to Assistant Special Operations of Government Transport (AOKAP) based on SK.Menhubla Number Kab.4 / 9/16/1965. Based on SK. Minister of Transport No.M.14 / 3/14 Phb dated June 20, 1966, the agency changed its name to the Bureau of Shipping Safety (BKP) with the task of organizing the Special Police in the Sea and SAR. Based on SK. Maritime Minister: No. Kab.4 / 3/14 dated December 13, 1966 BKP was incorporated into the Operations Unit Command (KASOTOP) which later became the Directorate of Shipping while maintaining Police duties at sea. With the change of the Maritime Department into the Department of Transportation, based on SK. Minister of Transportation M.b./14/7 Phb dated August 24, 1968, the Special Duties of the SAR was incorporated into the Directorate of Navigation, and by the Minister of Transportation was renamed back to the Marine and Coast Guard with the task of organizing the Martime Security and Port Special Security units within national territories.
Based on SK Dirjen Hubla No.Kab.4 / 3/4 dated 11 April 1970 DPLP became the Sea and Coastal Operation Command (KOPLP). Based on Decree of the Minister of Transportation No.KM.14 / U / plib-73 dated 30 January 1973 KOPLP became Sea and Coast Guard (KPLP)., which is the agency's present name.
Roles and Function.
Roles.
KPLP has the task of formulating and execute policies, standards, norms, guidelines, criteria and procedures, as well as technical guidance, evaluation and reporting on patrol and security, safety monitoring and Civil Service Investigator (PPNS), order of shipping, water, facilities and infrastructure of coastal and marine guarding.
Organisation Structure.
The KPLP Directorate is an Echelon II Unit under the Directorate General of Sea Transportation, Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. KPLP is also coordinate with other unit within Directorate General of Sea Transportation such as Technical Execution Unit ("Unit Pelaksana Teknis/ UPT") Marine and Coastal Protection Base ("Pangkalan Penjagaan Laut dan Pantai/ PPLP") spread in Indonesia. KPLP Organization is governed directly through the Law Number 17 Year 2008 on the Sailing of Chapter XVII Articles 276- 281.
Facilities and Equipments.
Infrastructure.
Installations at Sea and Coast Guard Base consist of:
Equipments.
According to Director of KPLP, as of May 2018, KPLP has:,
KPLP also have hundreds of class 3 until 5 ship. These ship have smaller size than class 1 or 2. In the next 5 years or until 2019. KPLP are planning to acquire at least 500 patrol vessel from different size to strengthen its patrol fleet.
In order to support the scope of work with the development of new bases across Indonesia, KPLP will be strengthened with a range of patrol boats that match, both types of first class vessels and third class. In addition, the ships will be equipped with weaponry for the security of both personnel and even the fleet of bad possibilities while operating in the oceans. Shipbuilding plans until 2019 will build 100 units of first and third class vessels to be deployed throughout Indonesia for the reinforcement of existing vessels and refurbishment of ships. Minister of Transportation Ignasius Jonan is targeting for the next five years the Marine and Coastal Guard Organization (KPLP) has 500 patrol boats of various sizes. The government will also add about 100 units of first class patrol boats (about 60 meters in size) and 150-200 units for grade two to five (size 42 meters to smaller). A total of 400 units of ship KPLP class patrol IV and V will also be replaced from the previous fiber made into rigid inflatable boat. In addition it will expand the patrol area and also add more personnel.
Identification.
The KPLP uniform is dark blue, darker than the Indonesian Navy uniform. If members are former Indonesian Navy personnel, they may retain their previous navy rank and specialty rating. All personnel use black beret with KPLP logo. Civil personnel wear the rank and insignia of their civil service grade.
Future.
Separation from the Ministry of Transportation.
Based on Law No. 17/ 2008 on Shipping, mandated establishment of Sea and Coast Guard, a government agency that carries out the function of sea and coast guard and execute law and regulation related to sea and coast guard, the agency would be under the President's responsibility and will run operationally by the Minister. Government regulation regarding sea and coast guard which will define details and technical application should be issued. However, due to the debate and pros and cons, since 2008 until present the government regulation has not been finalized and issued yet. This debate concerns the dilemma between the statute and harmonious or overlapping maritime patrols, oversight and law enforcement, which is also carried out by the Maritime Security Coordinating Board (which by the end of 2014 has become the Maritime Security Agency), Directorate General of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance under Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and several other institutions. Minister of Transportation Ignatius Jonan supported the creation of Maritime Security Agency, but rejected of a KPLP under Maritime Security Agency because of KPLP mandated by Law No. 17/ 2008 and KPLP is the agency recognized by IMO (International Maritime Organization). Minister Jonan also had proposed KPLP raised from Echelon II to Echelon I (Directorate General), although this reaped controversy from experts.


Relief Wings

Relief Wings was founded in 1940 by Ruth Rowland Nichols as a humanitarian air service for disaster relief. Consisting of private aircraft, volunteer medical professionals and a network of medical facilities, Relief Wings were able to contribute an effective air-ambulance service to the programme of civil defence. Relief Wings was organised and run by women, with women being eligible to participate in any of the roles available in the organisation. Chapters of Relief Wings were organised in 36 states of the USA.
The slogan of Relief Wings was "Humanitarian Service by Air".
From 1942 Relief Wings assisted the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force, Civil Air Patrol (CAP), providing an adjunct relief service during World War II. By becoming an adjunct service to CAP, Ruth Nichols was able to get the appropriate military and aviation permissions for Relief Wings so that the wartime restrictions on private flying did not apply to the group. Nichols went on to earn her Lieutenant Colonel ranking due to her service with Relief Wings.


Swiss Central Airport Utzenstorf


United States Maritime Administration

The United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation.
MARAD also maintains the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF) as a ready source of ships for use during national emergencies, and assists the NDRF in fulfilling its role as the nation's fourth arm of defense, logistically supporting the military when needed.
History.
When the United States Maritime Commission was abolished on May 24, 1950, its functions were split between the Federal Maritime Board which was responsible for regulating shipping and awarding subsidies for construction and operation of merchant vessels, and Maritime Administration, which was responsible for administering subsidy programs, maintaining the national defense reserve merchant fleet, and operating the United States Merchant Marine Academy.
In 1961, the Federal Maritime Board regulatory functions were assumed by the newly created Federal Maritime Commission, while the subsidy functions were assigned to the Maritime Subsidy Board of the Maritime Administration.
On August 6, 1981, MARAD came under control of the Department of Transportation thereby bringing all transportation programs under one cabinet-level department.
Functions.
MARAD administers financial programs to develop, promote, and operate the U.S. Maritime Service and the U.S. Merchant Marine; determines services and routes necessary to develop and maintain American foreign commerce and requirements of ships necessary to provide adequate service on such routes; conducts research and development activities in the maritime field; regulates the transfer of U.S. documented vessels to foreign registries; maintains equipment, shipyard facilities, and reserve fleets of Government-owned ships essential for national defense.
Maritime Academies.
The Maritime Administration collaborates extensively with stakeholders from all transportation sectors and modes in order to accomplish its mission to improve and strengthen the U.S. marine transportation system. MARAD operates one federal service academy and administers a Grant-In-Aid Program for six state-operated maritime academies:
Students at these academies can graduate with appropriate United States Coast Guard licenses (Mate or Engineer) if they choose to take the Coast Guard License exam, and may become commissioned reserve officers in any branch of the service when graduating from USMMA or a ROTC scholarship from one of the other maritime schools.
Subsidies.
The Maritime Subsidy Board negotiates contracts for ship construction and grants operating-differential subsidies to shipping companies.
Maritime Security Program.
The Maritime Administrator is vested with the residual powers of the Director of the National Shipping Authority, which was established in 1951 to organize and direct emergency merchant marine operations.
The Maritime Security Program (MSP) authorizes MARAD to enter into contracts with U.S.-flag commercial ship owners to provide service during times of war or national emergencies. As of 2007, ten companies have signed contracts providing the MSP with a reserve of sixty cargo vessels.


Waters of the United States


Jerry Supiran

Jerry Michael Supiran (born March 21, 1973) is an American former child actor. Supiran is best known for playing Jamie Lawson on the science-fiction sitcom "Small Wonder", which aired from 1985 to 1989.
Career.
He has been credited with roles in 19 television and movie performances, including guest-starring roles in several noted series of the era, including "Galactica 1980", "Little House on the Prairie", "Mr. Belvedere", "Newhart", "Highway to Heaven", "Trapper John, M.D.", "St. Elsewhere", and "Archie Bunker's Place", along with several made-for-TV movies and a feature film called "Uncommon Valor"."Notable discoveries:" Discovered the cure for common homework""
Personal life.
As an adult, Supiran worked in a variety of Henderson, Nevada restaurants. In 2012 it was reported that Supiran was destitute, working as a full-time volunteer at a California homeless shelter. Supiran claimed that a former adviser and girlfriend stole from a large trust fund that held the savings from his acting career.


A Place in the Sun (British TV series)

A Place in the Sun is a British Channel 4 lifestyle television series about attempting to find a "perfect property" on the market in the United Kingdom, overseas, and "abroad". It most often focuses on areas in southern Europe, but in recent years, it has also featured a number of places in other areas of the world such as Florida and the Caribbean.
Format.
Generally, every episode on the programme shows a British couple wishing to buy a property in a sunny foreign country are shown three to five properties within their budget found by the show's researchers. The presenter gives the couple useful local information relating to buying, running and maintaining a property in this particular location. After viewing each property the couple are asked for their opinions. At the end of the show they are asked if they have a favourite property and we're finally told if they went on to buy the property or another in the region. It was a response to the growth in Britons buying property abroad.
In the last few years, it has shown destinations as diverse as Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Canada, Australia, South Africa, the Caribbean and even Cape Verde.
Presenters.
"A Place In The Sun: Home or Away? / Winter Sun / Home Or United States?
Spin-offs.
Spin-offs include the website featuring news, features, advice and the opportunity to search 30,000 overseas properties for sale and for holiday rental, a magazine, which is now the most popular magazine advising on buying overseas property, and two live exhibitions per year in London and Birmingham, called "A Place in the Sun Live", since 2005. The most recent "A Place in the Sun Live" overseas property exhibition took place at National Exhibition Centre Birmingham between 25–27 September 2015.
There have also been a number of spin-off television programmes, including:


Lecanicillium lecanii

Lecanicillium lecanii is now an approved name of an entomopathogenic fungus species, that was previously widely known as "Verticillium lecanii" (Zimmerman) Viegas), but is now understood to be an anamorphic form in the "Cordyceps" group of genera in the Clavicipitaceae. Isolates formerly classified as "V. lecanii" could be "L. attenuatum, L. lecanii, L. longisporum, L. muscarium" or "L. nodulosum". For example, several recent papers, such as Kouvelis "et al." who carried out mitochondrial DNA studies, refer to the name "L. muscarium".
"L. lecanii" itself appears primarily to be a pathogen of soft scale insects (Coccidae).
Synonyms.
The Index Fungorum, referring to "L. lecanii", lists the following synonymy:
Role in Horticulture.
This fungus was first described in 1861 and has a worldwide distribution. Insects are infected when they come into contact with the sticky fungal spores which then grow and invade the body, thus the internal organs are consumed, leading to their death. In horticulture and agriculture, "V. lecanii" isolates were developed for controlling insect pests such as whitefly, thrips and aphids, by RA Hall and HD Burges (scientists at the Glasshouse Crops Research Institute, now Warwick HRI: formerly part of Horticulture Research International). Biological pesticides based on "Lecanicillium" spp. are now marketed as 'Mycotal' (now "L. muscarium") and 'Vertalec' (now "L. longisporum") by Koppert in the Netherlands (who provide good illustrations of the fungus). Other products based on these fungi have been developed elsewhere for use in cash crops, oil seeds, soybeans, ornamentals and vegetables.


Adrian Severin

Adrian Severin (born 28 March 1954) is a Romanian politician and former Member of the European Parliament.
Adrian Severin started his politics career under the Communist rule, as Instructor ("lector") at Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy, the university for Romanian Communist cadres. After the regime change, he became a member of the National Salvation Front and the Democratic Party (which he left in April 1999). Severin was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania between 12 December 1996 and 29 December 1997 as part of the Victor Ciorbea cabinet. He sat in the Chamber of Deputies in June–July 1990 before resigning, and again was a member of that body from 1992 until December 2007, when he resigned.
He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, part of the Group of the Party of European Socialists, and became an MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Romania to the European Union. Previously, Severin served as the UN Special Rapporteur on Human rights in Belarus from 2005 to 2006. He was member of PACE from 1993 till 1997 and from 2003 till 2007.
In 2011 the European Parliament opened a formal investigation into alleged corruption by Severin and two other MEPs, based on an investigation conducted by journalists of the Sunday Times weekly (part of The Times of London). The Romanian politician insisted he had done nothing that was "illegal or against any normal behavior". Mr. Severin is accused of accepting bribe in exchange for initiating some law amendment, and is recorded on video by the journalists when requesting and accepting the bribe. Subsequently, he was called by the Leader of the SD Group in the European Parliament to resign. As he refused, he was suspended from his position as Deputy-Leader of the SD Group and had to leave this Parliamentary Group.
He was indicted by Romania's anti-corruption agency in September 2013 and in February 2016, a court sentenced him to three and a half years in prison, although he may still appeal the judgement.
Although he was sentenced to three and a half years imprisonment for corruption, Adrian Severin ran at the 2016 local elections for the office of Mayor of Bucharest on a Social Justice Party (whose chairman is Marian Vanghelie) ticket. He received 8234 votes (1.43%).


Vancouver Waterfront Park

Vancouver Waterfront Park is a waterfront park in Vancouver, Washington, in the United States.
Description and history.
The park is part of a , 21-block mixed-use urban redevelopment with office and retail spaces, and residential units. The site was originally home to a paper mill owned by Boise Cascade that closed in 2005. It was acquired by real estate developer Columbia Waterfront LLC in 2008 and a master plan from the firm was approved by the city government the following year. New street connections were built from the north in 2014 and 2015. The M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust was announced as the first office tenant for the project in 2015. The $1.3 billion project, consisting of a city park and pier and five residential, office and retail buildings, began construction in 2016. The park opened September 29, 2018.
At the park's opening, the city officials celebrated Esther Short, who donated a large parcel of land that included the development's campus. Short's goal, with her donation, included giving access to the general public to the scenic location. The city installed a pair of Portland Loo public toilets at the park in October 2018. The loos are especially designed to remain open 24/7. Slats allow a potential user to see if the toilet is already occupied, and if more than one individual is inside. They are large enough that a user can wheel in a child's stroller, shopping buggy, bicycle, or dog. The bathrooms installed in Vancouver are equipped with both a table for changing babies, and a bin for addicts to safely dispose of used needles.


David Strackany

Paleo, aka David Strackany, is an American singer of folk music who is notable for writing a song every day for 365 days using a "half-size children's guitar" while living out of his car and being essentially homeless. He plays acoustic guitar and sings and in 2005 began touring the United States. He has a recording arrangement with an indie music label named Partisan Records.
Music career.
Beginnings.
Strackany was born in 1981. He graduated from college but was dissatisfied with service-level jobs and so he decided to become a songwriter. He chose the moniker "Paleo" after seeing a paleontology exhibit of butterflies in Prague. He explained:
He exchanged his collection of music CDs for a tattoo. In a subsequent interview, he recalled that he thought he could "make a living making music" but wasn't sure how this would happen. He has had a variety of musical influences from pop culture but one in particular that stands out is the musical "Jesus Christ Superstar" which he describes as a guilty pleasure. He has a creative temperament, and in an interview, described himself as living "inwardly":
He explained after a performance in Syracuse, New York on April 7, 2007, that his half-sized children's guitar was more efficient since it allowed him to play while driving; he named the guitar "Oh! Susanna" after the Stephen Foster song.
Debut.
Strackany's initial approach was to record an album, then he learned to book his own performances:
Strackany recorded his debut album "Misery, Missouri" in early October 2004. The record was largely folk in nature but with more elaborate arrangements and instrumentation, and was self-released. The entire session was executed with one microphone. 1000 copies were pressed independently and it is now out of print, with no published plans to re-release the work, according to a description on his website. He used simple chord progressions which were "uncomplicated sonically" but with lyrics akin to a 17th-century poet, according to one account. He found that his best lyrics often come up in everyday conversation but by putting what he finds in an "unfamiliar context", the words can become very significant. He wrote song, produced his music, booked shows, and traveled around the country while living out of his car. He performed, and continues to perform, extensively; according to one account, he has played about 150 shows per year since 2005.
Song a Day project.
Strackany generated media attention by doing a year-long write-a-song-a-day project. He did this while touring the United States nationally and driving more than 50,000 miles from Easter Day on April 16, 2006 to April 15, 2007 and playing more than 200 concerts. Paleo's "The Song Diary" project was similar to a feat achieved by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks in 2003 and it was covered by news sources including "USA Today", "Entertainment Weekly", "Magnet Magazine", "Paste Magazine", the "Chicago Sun Times", the "New York Post", NPR "Morning Edition", "The Washington Post", "The Boston Globe", in addition to regional and local papers. A "National Public Radio" music critic wrote:
Paleo made rules for himself:
He refused to sleep "until he had completely documented a new song for that day regardless of the circumstances," according to his recollection. The result was an "enormous body of work" with an "outlook of unfettered optimism." It is downloadable in its entirety from his website. "Paste Magazine" described it as "a streetfight of freakish prolificacy." He received a letter of congratulations from American vice-president Dick Cheney who had heard about the project. Cheney wrote:
Strackany described the project as psychoanalytically transformative in a personal way:
Strackany sees a benefit to creativity in songwriting when there are limits attached. He emphasized that boundaries are a "great way to excite your creativity" and suggested, in an example, that cutting off two of the guitar's six strings could help a writer creatively. He noted that "too much freedom can be every bit the cage."
Collaborations.
Strackany worked with songwriter Jesse Elliott on a Washington, D.C.-based music project entitled "These United States". He helped Elliott develop the band's first album, and acted primarily as the band's producer as well as playing a majority of the instruments on the band's "psychotropic debut record." The band wrote "novelistic songs packed with dense narratives and loose, ragged-edged folk, rock and Americana". Strackany's contribution was as a multi-instrumentalist who offered "skillfully mixed, multi-instrumental support with a range in keys, drums, accordion, bass and vibraphone," according to "NPR". The "Village Voice" described Strackany's arrangements as "psychedelic" and noted that instruments he played included the "vibes, glockenspiel, mandolin, and lots of off-kilter keyboards."
Elliott described Strackany as a songwriter who has "stared almost directly at the human soul."
Solo career.
In 2007, Strackany did soundtrack work on the feature film "In Search of a Midnight Kiss". In 2009, he won a record deal with Brooklyn-based Partisan Records. He once described making music as a vice. He continues to tour extensively.
According to one account, Strackany repeated his song-a-day project in 2010. In 2011, he is no longer technically "homeless", but when he is not touring, he lives in Iowa City; a second source suggests he lives in Davenport, Iowa.
Strackany repeated his songdiary feat in 2018.


Lincoln Hall (climber)

Lincoln Ross Hall OAM (19 December 195520 March 2012) was a veteran Australian mountain climber, adventurer, author and philanthropist. Lincoln was part of the first Australian expedition to climb Mount Everest in 1984, which successfully forged a new route. He reached the summit of the mountain on his second attempt in 2006, miraculously surviving the night at on descent, after his family was told he had died.
Lincoln Hall was the author of seven books, a founding member of the philanthropic organisation the Australian Himalayan Foundation and a speaker who shared his climbing experiences with audiences around the world.
In 1987 Lincoln Hall was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia for service to mountaineering and in 2010 he won the Australian Geographic Society's Lifetime of Adventure award. He was a life member of the Australian National University Mountaineering Club. Lincoln Ross Hall died of mesothelioma aged 56 on 20 March 2012.
Early life.
Hall was born in Canberra, Australia and went to Telopea Park High School. He studied Zoology at the Australian National University and learned to climb at climbing crags in the Australian Capital Territory, most notably Booroomba Rocks (where he pioneered a number of classic routes). He developed his ice climbing skills in the Snowy Mountains at Blue Lake and trained to climb by traversing the walls of buildings at his university campus.
Career.
Hall had his real start with mountaineering when he participated in the Australian National University Mountaineering Club expeditions to New Zealand from 1975 to 1978. This culminated in the ANUMC 1978 expedition to the Himalayan peak Dunagiri (7066m) in India. Hall and his climbing partner Tim Macartney-Snape (Australia) were invited by Expedition Leader Peter Cocker to join him at Col Camp so the pair could force through a route through to the summit ridge. They did so then made an audacious push for the summit after spending a night out on the mountain. Hall was pivotal in the successful summit bid by Macartney-Snape.
The pair descended through an electrical storm, however Hall spent another night out on the mountain. Cocker ascended during the night and met him at the top of the fixed ropes and accompanied him back to Col Camp. The ANUMC team then raced Hall down to Base Camp where he was helicoptered to a Military Hospital near Delhi. This was at the time possibly the highest helicopter rescue in the Himalayas.
The successful Dunagiri trip by the ANUMC forged the Hall and Macartney-Snape partnership, setting the stage for their Himalayan mountaineering careers including their 1984 Mount Everest Expedition.
After Dunagiri, Hall's mountaineering career went from strength to strength as he participated in and led numerous climbing adventures around the world, including many first ascents by Australian climbers. Amongst these were two expeditions to climb Mount Everest in Nepal (including the first Australian ascent in 1984); the first ascent of Mt Minto in the Admiralty Mountains of Antarctica (1998); and ascents of other notable peaks including Annapurna II (7963m) in Nepal, Makalu (8481m) on the China-Nepal border, and Carstensz Pyramid in Irian Jaya, Indonesia.
Rescue on Everest.
Lincoln Hall narrowly survived after his ascent of Mount Everest in 2006. He was left for dead at an altitude of 8700m while descending from the summit on 25 May 2006. He had fallen ill from a form of altitude sickness, probably cerebral edema, that caused him to hallucinate and become confused. According to reports, Hall's Sherpa guides attempted to rescue him for hours. However, as night began to fall their oxygen supplies diminished and snow blindness set in. Expedition leader Alexander Abramov eventually ordered the guides to leave the apparently dead Hall on the mountain and return to camp. A statement was later released announcing his death to his friends and family.
However, the next morning, 12 hours later, Hall was found still alive by a team making a summit attempt. The team consisted of team leader Daniel Mazur (U.S.), Andrew Brash (Canada), Myles Osborne (UK), and Jangbu Sherpa (Nepal). Osborne described the scene just below the Second Step:
"Sitting to our left, about two feet from a 10,000 foot drop, was a man. Not dead, not sleeping, but sitting cross legged, in the process of changing his shirt. He had his down suit unzipped to the waist, his arms out of the sleeves, was wearing no hat, no gloves, no sunglasses, had no oxygen mask, regulator, ice axe, oxygen, no sleeping bag, no mattress, no food nor water bottle. 'I imagine you're surprised to see me here', he said. Now, this was a moment of total disbelief to us all. Here was a gentleman, apparently lucid, who had spent the night without oxygen at 8600m, without proper equipment and barely clothed. And ALIVE."
A rescue effort that mountain observers described as "unprecedented in scale" then swung into action. Mazur and his team abandoned their summit attempt to stay with Hall, who was badly frostbitten and delusional from the effects of severe cerebral edema. At the same time, Abramov dispatched a rescue team of 12 Sherpas guides from the base camp. The rescue team comprised Ongshu Sherpa, Nima Wangde Sherpa, Passang Sherpa, Furba Rushakj Sherpa, Dawa Tenzing Sherpa, Dorjee Sherpa, Mingma Sherpa, Mingma Dorjee Sherpa, Pemba Sherpa, Pemba Nuru Sherpa, Passang Gaylgen Sherpa, and Lakcha Sherpa.
Hall was brought down the mountain, walking the last part of the way to Everest's North Col where he was treated by a Russian doctor Andrey Selivanov. He arrived at Advanced Base Camp the next day in reasonably good health although suffering from frostbite and the lingering effects of cerebral edema. He lost the tips of his fingers and a toe to frostbite.
Hall's survival and rescue came shortly after the death of UK climber David Sharp on the mountain. Initially, no attempt was made to rescue Sharp. While he was unconscious but still alive, other climbers passed him and continued on their own ascents. However, unlike David Sharp, Hall was conscious and able to walk, two factors that allowed for his rescue. The case had raised concerns, including comments from Sir Edmund Hillary. Dan Mazur said of his team abandoning their summit attempt, "The summit is still there and we can go back. Lincoln only has one life."
After Everest.
He remained close with Myles Osborne, who sacrificed his only attempt on Everest to aid Hall. Osborne says Hall was "a great guy, really laid back, with a penchant for bad jokes."
"Dateline NBC" aired "Left for Dead on Mount Everest", an Emmy Award-nominated documentary special, in 2006.
Hall wrote two books about his experience: "Dead Lucky: Life after death on Mount Everest" (2007) and "Alive In The Death Zone: Mount Everest Survival" (2008).
A second documentary, "Miracle on Everest", based on Hall's book "Dead Lucky", premiered in 2008 on National Geographic Channel in the USA and on ABC1 in Australia.
Hall's story was later featured in the "I Shouldn't Be Alive" episode, "Left for Dead on Everest" (16 February 2011).
Death.
Hall died on 20 March 2012 at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, after suffering from mesothelioma. He had been exposed to asbestos while working as a builder in the 1960s.
Friend and fellow mountaineer Greg Mortimer, who was with Lincoln at the end, said: "It was very peaceful in the end, around 11:45 last night. Lincoln got into quiet, rhythmic breathing—it was almost meditative—and then he quietly slipped away". Hall lived in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales with his wife and two sons, who survived him.


List of selective estrogen receptor modulators

This is a list of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
Approved.
SERMs that have been approved for medical use include anordrin (+mifepristone (Zi Yun)), bazedoxifene (+conjugated estrogens (Duavee)), broparestrol (Acnestrol), clomifene (Clomid), cyclofenil (Sexovid), lasofoxifene (Fablyn), ormeloxifene (Centron, Novex, Novex-DS, Sevista), ospemifene (Osphena; deaminohydroxytoremifene), raloxifene (Evista), tamoxifen (Nolvadex), and toremifene (Fareston; 4-chlorotamoxifen).
Clinical trials.
SERMs that are currently under development and in clinical trials include acolbifene, afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen; metabolite of tamoxifen), elacestrant, enclomifene (("E")-clomifene), endoxifen (4-hydroxy-"N"-desmethyltamoxifen; metabolite of tamoxifen), and zuclomifene (("Z")-clomifene).
Non-approved.
SERMs that have not been approved for medical use include arzoxifene, brilanestrant, clomifenoxide (clomiphene N-oxide; metabolite of clomifene), droloxifene (3-hydroxytamoxifen), etacstil, fispemifene, GW-7604 (4-hydroxyetacstil; metabolite of etacstil), idoxifene (pyrrolidino-4-iodotamoxifen), levormeloxifene (()-ormeloxifene), miproxifene, nafoxidine, nitromifene (CI-628), NNC 45-0095, panomifene, pipendoxifene (ERA-923), trioxifene, and zindoxifene (D-16726).
Sivifene (A-007) was initially thought to be a SERM due to its structural similarity to tamoxifen but it was subsequently found not to bind to the estrogen receptor (ER). Tesmilifene (DPPE; YMB-1002, BMS-217380-01) is also structurally related to tamoxifen but similarly does not bind to the ER and is not a SERM.
Structure.
SERMs can be variously classified structurally as triphenylethylenes (tamoxifen, clomifene, toremifene, droloxifene, idoxifene, ospemifene, fispemifene, afimoxifene, others), benzothiophenes (raloxifene, arzoxifene), indoles (bazedoxifene, zindoxifene, pipendoxifene), tetrahydronaphthalenes (lasofoxifene, nafoxidine), and benzopyrans (acolbifene, ormeloxifene, levormeloxifene).


Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization

Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization or Y-ME (previously Breast Cancer Network of Strength), was a Chicago-based national nonprofit organization with the mission to ensure, through information, empowerment and peer support, that no one faces breast cancer alone. Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization did not fund research but did advocate for research. The organization closed in 2012.
Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization's headquarters was in Chicago, but it had support groups throughout the United States, which provided peer support, educational programs, and coordinated advocacy efforts.
Y-ME's main program was the Y-ME Hotline, the only multilingual 24-hour breast cancer hotline in the country, staffed entirely by trained peer counselors who are breast cancer survivors.
History.
Y-ME was founded in 1978 by breast cancer patients Ann Marcou (1932–2004) and Mimi Kaplan (d. 1983), and began as a hotline operated out of Marcou's Chicago-area home and a support group that met at a local YWCA. The organization was originally named YWCA and Me after its association with the local YWCA and the name was later shortened to Y-ME. Y-ME became a national organization that helped breast cancer patients receive support, access information and make informed decisions about their healthcare. Its hotline was notable for being the only multilingual, round-the-clock support service available in the US and received approximately 40 000 calls per year.
In 1992, Margaret Harte founded Y-ME's annual Mother's Day Race Against Breast Cancer which supported breast cancer survivors and raised money each year to support the organization.
Y-ME changed its name to Breast Cancer Network of Strength in 2008 to "better communicate [their] mission," which was "to ensure through information, empowerment and peer support, that no one faces breast cancer alone." It reverted to its former name in 2011 after CEO Cindy Geoghegan was hired.
Y-ME closed its doors on July 12, 2012 and filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on July 17, 2012. One former employee said that the organization had mismanaged real estate leases while a former board member said that the organization closed due to the economic downturn, low Mother's Day Race receipts, and other short-term debt. Another former board member said that the organization had shut down because there had been "[a] serious cash flow problem stemming from an unexpected cash flow crisis and low revenues from our major fundraisers put the organization in financial instability."
Programs.
Y-ME offered a number of programs that provided support and education for both the people diagnosed with breast cancer and their loved ones. These programs included the multilingual 24-hour hotline, the organization's website, as well as newsletters, brochures, and other articles. Y-ME also offered monthly support groups at affiliate locations and matched peer support for those diagnosed with breast cancer and their partners. In its effort to focus on women who did not have many financial resources, the organization offered free mammograms, wigs, and prosthetics to women without financial resources them.
Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization Advocacy program worked to increase breast cancer research funding, support breast cancer related clinical studies and ensure quality health care for all.
Events.
In 1991, Margaret Harte, a two-time breast cancer survivor, launched the Y-ME Race in Chicago (formerly known as the Walk to Empower) to serve as a symbol of hope, inspiration and support, and to provide an opportunity for individuals to make a difference in the fight against breast cancer. Since its inception, the Y-ME Race became a Mother's Day tradition and the largest cause-related event in Chicago. Eighty percent of each dollar raised benefited programs and services offered free of charge to those seeking information and support when facing breast cancer.


Maryland Department of Natural Resources

The Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is a government agency in the state of Maryland charged with maintaining natural resources including state parks, public lands, state forests, state waterways, wildlife and recreation areas. Its headquarters are in Annapolis.
Department responsibilities.
The Department's principal functions are:
DNR does not issue or enforce environmental permits under the federal Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and related laws. Those functions are the responsibility of the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE).
Organizational history.
DNR was established in 1969 as part of a reorganization of the Maryland executive branch initiated by the 56th Governor of Maryland Marvin Mandel (1920–2015, served 1969–1979). DNR assumed the responsibilities formerly held by the earlier Maryland Board of Natural Resources (established in 1941), and consolidated the agency's authority under a single cabinet-level department secretary. The first DNR secretary was former Maryland 54th Governor J. Millard Tawes, who served in that capacity until 1971. Other notable DNR secretaries have included James Coulter (1971–1983) and Torrey C. Brown (1983–1995). The department is headquartered in the Tawes State Office building at 580 Taylor Avenue in Annapolis.
Leadership and management.
Natural Resources Secretary Mark J. Belton was appointed in 2015. The Deputy Secretary is Joanne Throwe.
Mission Support.
The Mission Support organization includes Human Resources Services, Leadership/Employee Development, Office of Fair Practices, Licensing and Registration Services, Finance and Administration Service, Audit and Management Review, and Information Technology.
Land Resources.
Land Resources includes the Park Service, Forest Service, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Land Acquisition and Planning, Engineering and Construction, and the Maryland Environmental Trust.
Maryland Park Service.
The mission of the Maryland Park Service is to manage the natural, cultural, historical, and recreational resources to provide for wise stewardship and enjoyment by people. The Service manages 66 state parks. Services include camping, biking, boating and fishing, hiking, outdoor programs, and exploring natural resources. The Service consists of both civilian and law enforcement rangers.
Wildlife and Trees.
DNR closely regulates wildlife, tracking diseases and populations. During the previous hunting season there was a lone reported case of a hunter legally taking a deer only to find out later that the deer tagged was infected with Chronic Wasting Disease, CWD. CWD is a neurological disease that effect deer elk and moose, where the infected have symptoms such as loss of body condition, behavioral abnormalities, and even death (Learn). People are warned to avoid contact with the brain, spinal cord, and lymph nodes because these are the areas that become infected. To help control this problem each year the MD-DNR takes samples from the deer harvested to test for any signs of CWD. The main focus is in the western Maryland counties due to the reports of CWD in West Virginia and Virginia (Communications, 2011).
The DNR is also responsible for regulating the of wooded land in Maryland. There are over 160 species of trees that help create these millions of acres of forest. This abundant acreage makes the forest industry one of the biggest businesses in the state, with more than 18,000 people reliant on wood products. In the two westernmost counties, Garrett and Allegany, forestry is the largest employer. Over the years there have been many contributing factors that have diminished some of the wooded areas around the state. Since the early 1980s, almost half a million acres (4,000 km²) have been infested with gypsy moths that destroyed forests. There are also the Southern Pine bark beetles that have caused excessive damage to the pine trees on the Eastern Shore. Another reason for damage to the forestry is the cover fires that occur every year. The spring and the fall are the prime times for fires because of the climate changes. There are more than 6,000 fires destroying 8,000–10,000 acres each year in Maryland.
Aquatic Resources.
Aquatic Resources includes Chesapeake and Coastal Service, Boating Services, Fisheries Service, Resources Assessment Service, Integrated Policy and Review and the Critical Area Commission.
Maryland Waters.
Maryland is a state with many water resources, from the Chesapeake to the Potomac River. The Department of Natural Resources has been monitoring the water sources and the Chesapeake Bay and other assorted small streams since 1996. The goal is to manage the restoration and protection of these waterways and that ensures Maryland residents get clean water and can participate in activities such canoeing, fishing, and growing crops. DNR has a huge research and development team committed to providing the best and cleanest possible water sources. Many researched topics include geomorphic assessments, atmospheric and acid deposition, and long term water quality.
Streams, Stream Life and Fishing.
Streams stretch all over Maryland and contain many exotic species of fish and other water life. Maryland's streams' biodiversity does not end with just fish and birds but extends to salamanders, mussels, 10 types of turtles and over 100 species of fish. Plants and vegetation surrounding the aquatic habitats provide nutrients, shelter for animals, temperature regulation and can provide erosion control. DNR has established groups to survey all streams and wildlife. One of these groups is Monitoring and Non-Tidal Assessment (MANTA) and another is the state's portion of the National Rivers and Streams Assessment (managed nationally by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Both actively participate in keeping aquatic areas clean and safe. Both of these organizations have websites and statistics on the previous reports of the health of Maryland streams and waters. DNR recognizes both commercial and non commercial fishing and keeps reports of the breeds and sizes of fish caught on their website.
Boating.
The DNR offers many boating services to people of all ages and types of boaters including paddle, sailing, and power boats. Boating programs are financed completely through the DNR Waterway Improvement Fund and have now developed over 300 public boating areas throughout Maryland. The revenue that is acquired from this fund comes from a 5 percent vessel tax that is paid when anyone titles a vessel in the state of Maryland.
Natural Resources Police.
The Maryland Department of Natural Resources Police is the law enforcement arm of the Department of Natural Resources. Natural Resources Police Officers patrol state-owned lands and enforce conservation and boating laws as well as Maryland's Criminal Law and Transportation Article. Additional services include homeland security, search and rescue, emergency medical services, and educational programs.


Helen Berg

Helen M. Berg (née Helen Sewirr MacDuffee, July 15, 1932 – August 13, 2010) was an American statistician and politician. Berg served as the first female mayor of Corvallis, Oregon, from 1994 until 2006, and was the longest-serving mayor of Corvallis to date.
Education and academic career.
Berg studied at Wellesley College before completing a bachelor's degree in mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1953. She moved to Corvallis in 1957 and began working as a statistician at Oregon State University in 1963, initially as an operator of electromechanical calculators in the Agricultural Experiment Station. The work sparked her interest in statistics, and she began taking courses on the subject,
eventually completing a master's degree in statistics in 1973. She then spent two years as a researcher at the University of Illinois, working half-time with the Department of Economics there and half-time in the Bureau of Economic and Business Research. She returned to Corvallis in 1975, and became the director of the Survey Research Center at Oregon State. She continued to work as the center's director, also teaching statistics classes at the university, until her retirement in 1993.
Her research, published in many journal papers both as Helen M. Lowry and as Helen M. Berg, concerned feminist economics and "the statistical differences of social opportunity by gender". One of her frequent collaborators, beginning with her work at the University of Illinois, was Marianne Ferber, with whom she published well-cited work on factors affecting male versus female graduate student success, and on gender pay gaps.
Political career.
Berg served on the Corvallis city council, representing Ward 7, for two consecutive terms from 1991 until 1994. Her work as councillor included sponsoring a 1991 city ordinance against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
Mayor of Corvallis.
Berg successfully ran for her first term as mayor of Corvallis in 1994 when she was 62 years old. Berg became Corvallis' first female mayor and would ultimately become the longest-serving mayor of the city to date. She would hold office for three consecutive terms, until her retirement in 2006.
An issue that she was forced to handle early in her time as mayor was a local housing shortage caused by job growth in local industry. Later, she had to handle large budget cuts caused by the stock market downturn of 2002.
Under Berg's three-term tenure, four new fire stations were constructed. The city's largest public works project in its history, the $30 million sewer overflow remediation project, was completed, which stopped sewage and storm runoff from being dumped into the Willamette River. The city completed a long term development plan called the Corvallis 2020 Vision Statesmen. Berg oversaw the planning and construction of the Howland Plaza at Riverfront Commemorative Park, which opened in May 2004. The Corvallis Police Department was also accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, a distinction shared by only 2% of American police departments at the time.
Berg retired from office in 2006 after three terms. She was succeeded as mayor by Charlie Tomlinson, whom she had previously defeated in the 2003 mayoral election.
Personal life.
Berg was born in Columbus, Ohio, one of four children of mathematics professor Cyrus Colton MacDuffee and his wife Mary Augusta Bean; her mother also had bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics. She moved to multiple parts of the US as a child, eventually finishing high school in Madison, Wisconsin. She was a Unitarian Universalist.
She interrupted her undergraduate studies to marry Norman Ward in 1952; he became an engineer for CH2M in Corvallis, and they had a son and a daughter. In 1965, she remarried William P. Lowry, a biometeorologist and climatologist then on the Oregon State faculty; they filed for divorce in 1976. In 1983, Berg married her third husband, Alan Berg. He was a forestry professor at Oregon State who had served on the Corvallis city council from 1973 to 1978 and served as mayor from 1979 to 1986; he died in 1989.
In 1993, Berg donated to the local Audubon Society over of land near Corvallis on which she had pastured horses. The land became the Hesthavn Nature Center, named by Berg from the Norwegian language word for a horse haven.
Berg moved to Portland, Oregon, in 2007 soon after leaving office to be closer to her family. In 2008, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill to name a post office after her, but it was tabled in the senate. She died on August 13, 2010, in Portland, of the asbestos-related disease peritoneal mesothelioma at the age of 78. In 2011, a plaza in Riverfront Commemorative Park in Corvallis was renamed the Helen M. Berg Plaza in her memory. Her papers are kept in the special collections of the Oregon State University library.


Harold Israel

Harold Israel (1903–1964) was a defendant wrongly accused of murdering a priest in Bridgeport, Connecticut in 1924. The charges against Israel were dismissed by the prosecutor, Homer Stille Cummings, who later became Attorney General of the United States.
The case, which gained national attention, became the basis for a 1947 film by Elia Kazan, "Boomerang!". The Israel prosecution was praised in the Wickersham Commission report on law enforcement in the United States, which criticized police interrogation methods.
Israel, a vagrant and former serviceman, was charged with the murder of Father Hubert Dahme, a popular Catholic priest, at the intersection of High and Main Street in downtown Bridgeport on the evening of Feb. 4, 1924. Twelve thousand people attended the funeral. Newspapers pressed authorities to find the killer, and police conducted an intense search for the perpetrator. Eight days later, Israel, who had been arrested in Norwalk, Connecticut on a gun-possession charge, was accused of the murder. He was described as a "transient indigent, and a person of low mentality of the moron type."
Homer Cummings, the prosecutor, said the evidence was so strong that "upon its face, at least, seemed well nigh a perfect case." Israel met the general physical description of the gunman, was in the vicinity at the time of the shooting, and was in possession of the gun that the police believe had been used in the crime, a black .32 caliber revolver. The police case included identifications by seven eyewitnesses, and Israel confessed to the crime, though he later recanted and protested his innocence.
At arraignment on May 27, 1924, Cummings dropped the case, entered a plea of nolle prosequi, and proceeded to discredit the evidence compiled by the Bridgeport police in a 90-minute presentation to the court.
Cummings rebutted the circumstantial case against Israel, who was serving a 90-day jail term for possession of the .32 caliber revolver, and said that the confession was coerced from a person of diminished mental capacity. Three physicians had found that Israel was exhausted and overwhelmed, and Israel said he would have confessed to anything just to get some sleep. Cummings called expert witnesses who undermined the ballistics evidence.
Cummings told the court that "it is just as important for a state's attorney to use the great powers of his office to protect the innocent as it is to convict the guilty."
Cummings' decision to drop the case surprised and outraged Bridgeport police, and Cummings received criticism from the Democratic Party, where he was a national committeeman. However, despite being snubbed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy, he was chosen by Roosevelt as his first Attorney General.
The case was never solved. In 1954, a Bridgeport resident admitted to witnessing the killing, said that he was threatened with death if he spoke about it, and said that Israel was not the killer.
Israel later married and had "a house, a Ford, a wife, and a child." In "Boomerang!", which was largely filmed in Stamford, Connecticut, the character based on Israel was played by Arthur Kennedy.


Nitromifene

Nitromifene (; also as the citrate salt nitromifene citrate (), developmental code names CI-628, CN-5518, CN-55945) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) related to triphenylethylenes like tamoxifen that was never marketed. It is a mixture of ("E")- and ("Z")-isomers that possess similar antiestrogenic activity. The drug was described in 1966. Along with tamoxifen, nafoxidine, and clomifene, it was one of the earliest SERMs.
Nitromifene has been found to dissociate from the estrogen receptor 250-fold faster than estradiol. This may be involved in its antagonistic activity at the estrogen receptor.


United States v. Hamilton

United States v. Hamilton, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 17 (1795), was a United States Supreme Court case in which a defendant committed on a charge of treason was released on bail, despite having been imprisoned upon a warrant of committal by a district court judge. The Judiciary Act of 1789 stated that "upon all arrests in criminal cases, bail shall be admitted, except where the punishment may be death, in which cases it shall not be admitted but by the supreme or a circuit court, or by a justice of the supreme court, or a judge of a district court, who shall exercise their discretion therein, regarding the nature and circumstances of the offence, and of the evidence, and the usages of law." Ordinarily, habeas corpus was used to release prisoners held by the judgment of the executive, but not for those who commitment had been authorized by a court order. Hamilton's attorney argued that the district court judge did not hold a hearing before issuing a warrant for his commitment to jail and that the affidavits alleging treasonous activity were weak, while the government urged that the Judiciary Act did not give the Supreme Court the jurisdiction to review the district court's decision unless there was new information or misconduct. The Supreme Court set bail, but without addressing either attorney's arguments.


Tribeca Belfast

The Tribeca Belfast development, formerly known as North East Quarter and previously Royal Exchange, is a planned £500 million development based in the north east of Belfast City Centre. It is a major mixed-use regeneration scheme, with a total area of as of 2018. The development has generated controversy since its inception in 2003. Over the years, opposition has been levelled against its lack of care towards existing important built heritage, lack of integration with local small businesses and arts organisations and even its brand name, and much of its existence so far has been in the context of an arson attack on one of the existing buildings in 2004, while under the ownership of the developers.
Concept and scope.
The Northern Ireland Department for Social Development (DSD) first coined the name "North East Quarter" in their masterplan for the area published in 2005.
During the project's life so far it has been proposed and redesigned a number of times, while under the ownership of different companies. In 2006 Royal Exchange (Ltd), a consortium made up of Leaside Investments Ltd (itself a partnership of Ewart Properties and Snoddon Ltd) and Dutch firm ING Real Estate, were initially chosen by the DSD as preferred developer for the site.
Ewart Properties.
Under Ewart Properties, the Royal Exchange development was announced as a £360 million retail-led mixed use regeneration scheme, which was to include premium brand shopping, living and complementary amenities. The concept was based on the development of a new department store alongside two further major stores, complementary high quality retail, restaurants, bars, cafes, apartments and offices (at upper levels). A hotel was to be located between Lower North Street and Church Street, with frontages onto Lower North Street, Church Street and Writers' Square. It was proposed that a 700-space, two-level basement car park would be located between Lower North Street and Donegall Street, also providing a service area for the hotel and department store. The car park was to be accessed and exited from Lower North Street. Cultural accommodation was proposed within the former Northern Bank building, which was identified for a small theatre, studios, community art gallery with a small amount of speciality retail. The total floor area of the scheme was in the region of which included approximately of retail.
The development later grew to a total size of .
Castlebrooke Investments.
Under Castlebrooke Investments, the project grew further, to a total of 1.4, and later . The scope of the project was now to focus more on residential and office space than the retail-led proposals previously submitted, while adding a second hotel to the plan.
As of May 2018, two proposals are currently in effect:
Development history.
Ewart Properties, 1999–2015.
In 1999, Ewart Properties and John Laing/MECP proposed the "Gateway Project" which would combine land owned by Ewart in the North East Quarter of Belfast City Centre with John Laing/MEPC's proposed extension of CastleCourt into Smithfield. The joint project was dropped when the DSD chose Victoria Square as its preferred comprehensive regeneration project.
In July 2003 the DSD published their Belfast City Centre Regeneration Policy Statement. It was adopted by the DSD in April 2004.
In April 2004, a major segment of the existing buildings in the area, the North Street Arcade, was subjected to an arson attack which destroyed the businesses and decor inside the building, while leaving the structure and its two façades intact. A number of suspects were questioned by police in relation to the incident, but no one was prosecuted.
In June 2004 the DSD reviewed developer proposals for the North East Quarter and performed an appraisal against the newly-adopted RPS. It found that none of the proposals fulfilled the objectives of the RPS, however having reviewed a proposal by Leaside Investments Ltd and ING Real Estate, in autumn 2004 the DSD gave the consortium first refusal as to future development of the area.
In August 2005 the DSD published a masterplan for the North East Quarter.
In September 2005 the DSD reviewed projects submitted to them for the Royal Exchange and redevelopment of nearby CastleCourt shopping centre. On 28 March 2006 the Royal Exchange development was chosen as the preferred development, and Royal Exchange Ltd (a consortium of Leaside Investments Ltd and ING Real Estate) was chosen by the DSD as preferred developer for the site.
The scheme was announced by the government on 28 March 2006 and was expected to be completed by 2011.
In February 2008 the DSD announced that they had agreed heads of terms with the developers. In November 2008 Belfast City Council gave William Ewart properties and Snoddons Construction 9 months to bring forward plans. The council said that it had yet to hear any proposals.
In December 2009 a development agreement was signed to develop the North East Quarter as a mixed-use project called Royal Exchange. Leaside Investments commented on the agreement, to say that "the company has been acquiring properties in the area for almost 20 years and to date has invested £40m to get to this stage".
Leaside Investments submitted the Royal Exchange planning application to the Department of the Environment's Planning Service in October 2010. In September 2012 the scheme was approved by Environment Minister Alex Attwood. ING Real Estate had withdrawn from the Royal Exchange Ltd consortium some time beforehand. In an announcement regarding the approval being granted, the minister stopped short of providing a timescale for the project, due to the economic climate at the time. Under this approval, redevelopment of properties on Garfield Street began.
Cerberus Capital Management, 2015–2016.
In May 2015 a portfolio of property loans, including loans associated with Royal Exchange, were purchased from RBS Capital Resolution (Ulster Bank) by an entity affiliated with Cerberus Capital Management. The development agreement between the DSD and Leaside Investments Ltd was terminated in November 2015. The Department for Social Development admitted that the project had been abandoned, and that in the meantime it had commissioned a study to "examine the relationship between retail, leisure and commercial office investment in the continuing regeneration of Belfast".
Castlebrooke Investments, 2016–present.
In January 2016, the scheme and all associated properties were bought from Cerberus Capital Management by London-based Castlebrooke Investments, who appointed architects Chapman Taylor to draw up new plans for the development.
In October 2016, two companies associated with Castlebrooke Investments, PG Ltd and Savills, submitted a planning application to vary the conditions of the originally granted Royal Exchange planning permission. Permission was granted by the Department for Infrastructure in January 2017.
In February and June 2017, Castlebrooke Investments held public consultation events on a proposed scheme bound by Royal Avenue, Donegall Street, North Street, Lower Garfield Street and High Street. In September 2017 PG Ltd and Savills submitted a planning application proposing redevelopment of the area known as Phase 1b (lands bound by Royal Avenue, Rosemary Street, North Street and Lower Garfield Street). In October 2017 a further application was submitted encompassing the full area as far as Donegall Street to the west, Rosemary Street and High Street to the south and Royal Avenue – York Street and Church Lane to the north.
On 17 March 2018, Belfast City Council approved the Phase 1b development almost in its entirety. The only application not approved at the time was for partial demolition of the boundary wall to the First Presbyterian Church on Rosemary Street.
Tribeca Belfast re-launch.
In November 2018, Castlebrooke Investments announced that it was re-branding the development "Tribeca Belfast", mirroring developments of the same name in New York and Liverpool, and based on an acronym of a description of the area; the "triangle beside the cathedral". The announcement was met with widespread criticism, including from Belfast Lord Mayor, Deirdre Hargey, and from Amnesty International NI, that it was not representative of the heritage of the city, nor its people. The director of Castlebrooke Investments, Estelle Hunt, defended the name, saying that a project of this scale in Belfast in an important location will "always attract a lot of debate". She said, "we believe (Tribeca Belfast) reflects the aspirations of the city and feel this will place Belfast in the strongest position for a sustainable and successful future."
On re-launching the scheme, Hunt stated that "we have refocused... and increased the office and residential offering, placing the emphasis on Belfast as one of the most desirable places in the world to live and work... In due course we will be engaging with the people of Belfast to discuss our detailed proposals for the site."
In January 2019 an official motion against the name was passed by Belfast City Council as it was felt that it was "not suitable for Belfast". The motion was supported by cross-party representatives including the DUP and Sinn Féin.
Opposition to the project.
Although efforts to revitalise the area have been welcomed, the plans lodged by William Ewart in 2003 were widely criticised by arts groups and residents, who feared it would do little to regenerate the area. Highlighted concerns included the substantial loss of listed heritage buildings and the demolition of buildings within the Cathedral Conservation Area and City Centre Conservation Area.
North Street Arcade.
As of 2017 the scheme includes the demolition of the listed 1936 North Street Arcade by Cowser and Smyth (with retention only of its façades). This building, with a distinctive curved plan form, is the only example of a 1930s shopping arcade in Northern Ireland, and is one of only a handful left in the whole of the UK. The North Street Arcade was badly damaged as a result of an arson attack in April 2004, while under the ownership of the developers at the time when it housed 23 arts organisations and independent traders; and the Cathedral Quarter area was seen as the traditional home of arts organisations in the city.
Criticism has also been placed on the planned retail scheme because of its supposed conflict with public policy in terms of traffic in the city centre, urban living, conservation of buildings and public consultation.
Save the Cathedral Quarter.
A new organisation named "Save the Cathedral Quarter" was created in opposition to the proposed plans. The Cathedral Quarter Steering Group also raised opposition, as did the Ulster Architectural Heritage Society (UAHS), which has been prominent in pushing for better restoration-based approaches and in particular the retention of the North Street Arcade. In 2005 the UAHS placed the arcade on its first Buildings At Risk Register for Northern Ireland (BARNI), where it remains as of 2018.
Despite numerous versions of plans and applications being produced since 2003, and changes in hands of the owners and developers, the views of the campaign groups have not been fully addressed, and Save the Cathedral Quarter continues to fight against the proposals. In 2017 after new plans were drawn up by Chapman Taylor for current owners Castlebrooke Investments, traders raised fears of being pushed out of the area, and Belfast playwright Martin Lynch also added his voice to the campaign.
When Castlebrooke Investments' plans were approved in March 2018, the campaign groups vowed to continue to fight against the development. In November 2018, when the project was re-launched as "Tribeca Belfast", Save the Cathedral Quarter added their criticism to widespread derision of the new name, stating that it was "nothing more than a superficial branding exercise". Rebekah McCabe, chair of the organisation, stated that despite the rebrand, the content of the proposed redevelopment plans hadn't changed, including plans to demolish a "series of non-listed heritage buildings" as well as its concerns over the "displacement of a thriving community of local artists and traders" and therefore the organisation maintained the objections it had been raising since its formation.