Canadian Medical Protective Association

The Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) is a membership-based, not-for-profit organization that provides legal defense, liability protection, and risk-management education for physicians in Canada. The CMPA also provides compensation to patients and their families proven to have been harmed by negligent clinical care. In 2016, the CMPA's membership list totaled 95,691 physicians.
The organization has its headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
History.
Early days.
Founded at the 1901 annual meeting of the Canadian Medical Association, the CMPA was incorporated by an Act of Parliament on 27 February 1913, and given Royal Assent on 16 May 1913.
On its 100th anniversary, the CMPA published "A History of the Canadian Medical Protective Association 1901-2001". This
document contains excerpts from the earliest CMPA annual reports. From pages 7–9:
Object of the New Association Dr. R.W. Powell, who was the first president of the CMPA, retained the position for 33 years. Dr. Powell’s annual reports optimistically predicted the CMPA would be a large and important organization while describing the difficulties in increasing the membership. His reports are interspersed with harangues on recruiting new members and the 1911 annual report boasted: "We have struck terror into the evil minded who have sought to besmirch and even blackmail members of our noble profession." The business of the CMPA was and still is protecting physicians, which it does by hiring the best legal help. Testament to the calibre of the legal assistance is evidenced by the number of CMPA counsel who have been appointed to the bench in provincial and federal courts through the years.
Incorporation - A Stormy Passage The Act of Incorporation generated considerable lively debate in both the House of Commons and Senate of Canada. Members of Parliament received petitions objecting to it. Feelings ran high. An MP said in debate: "I think this legislation is dangerous. It is legislation against the interests of the mass of the people, and is the creation of a monopolistic corporation... against the rights of the individual in the matter of the selection of his method of cure and treatment in the case of disease." Speaking about protecting the rights of the individual, another MP summed up: "If the individual realizes that instead of going up against a man whom he believes to be guilty, he has to go up against a strong corporation composed of the medical men of the country, with a fund at their disposal to fight such cases, I think he will feel that an injustice is being done." There was also concern about recruiting physicians to support a plaintiff's case in court.
Consistent Core Values Dr Powell often reiterated the value: Our organization does not consist in the fights we have put up or in the open success we have had but rather in the silent influence we have swayed against litigants who for a money gain have sought to blast the reputation of conscientious, painstaking and reputable practitioners knowing or suspecting that they have an easy mark and that to avoid publicity a medical man will often submit to what amounts to blackmail. These litigants have found out that our Counsel stands ready to accept service of the writ and your Executive stands ready with a bank account to furnish the sinews of war. Dozens and dozens of cases have thus been strangled at their inception and have disappeared like dew off the grass. This feature gentlemen is the strength and glory of your association. (CMPA Annual Report, 1919)
Governance.
The CMPA is a Special Act corporation because it was established by virtue of an Act of Canadian Parliament. The CMPA is not a regulated insurer. It offers medico-legal services to members, defined in the act as licensed physicians practicing in Canada. Unlike some insurers, the CMPA offers discretionary medico-legal assistance and follows by-laws dictating how and when it can offer its services.
In its Strategic Plan, the CMPA's stated mission is "To protect the professional integrity of physicians and promote safe medical care in Canada." To that end, the CMPA seeks to resolve medico-legal matters on behalf of its member, identify and promote practices that reduce physicians' medical liability risk, identify system-level changes to reduce adverse events, and support public policy that contributes to an effective and sustainable medical liability system.
Patient safety.
In recent years the CMPA has promoted itself as a contributor to safer medical care, by claiming to reduce the number and severity of adverse medical events. Each year the CMPA hosts a series of "risk management" conferences and symposia for Canadian physicians, delivers approximately 400 customized workshops, and publishes a quarterly magazine ("CMPA Perspective"), among other activities.
The CMPA partners with the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI) to develop programs and tools aimed at improving patient safety: Canadian Disclosure Guidelines, CPSI Safety Competencies, Canadian Patient Safety Officer Course, Patient Safety Education Program, and the Advancing Safety for Patients in Residency (ASPIRE) program.
Nevertheless, as noted by the 2008 Canadian Healthcare Safety Symposium, there is more work to be done to improve patient safety:
The progress of the patient safety movement is being stymied by regulatory, structural and attitudinal problems, according to speakers at the eighth annual Canadian Healthcare Safety Symposium. A 'huge gulf' exists between the number of Canadian patients injured by negligence and those who receive compensation, said University of Alberta law professor Gerald Robertson. 'One must seriously question the efficacy of a model which compensates so few who are entitled to it.' Only about 2% of patients injured by negligence in Canada receive compensation, he said, basing his calculation on figures from the Canadian Medical Protective Association research estimating the number of preventable adverse events in Canadian hospitals. Meanwhile, the number of lawsuits against Canadian doctors is dropping — down 30% since 1998 (from 1339 suits commenced in 1998, to 928 suits in 2007) — and only 30% of plaintiffs seeking compensation are successful in court, Robertson noted. Medical negligence cases are complex, time-consuming, expensive and almost always undertaken on a contingency-fee basis. As a result, lawyers are unlikely to take on cases unless there is a chance of a settlement valued over $100 000, he said, noting that lawyers usually seek a fee equal to 30% of a successful settlement. The patient-safety movement may 'raise consciousness' about the need for better compensation for patients, since it will likely raise awareness about the frequency of adverse medical events.
One claimant who received compensation, Campbellford resident John Lewis, said "one of the main barriers to patient safety in this country" is the Canadian Medical Protective Association. "It's extremely powerful because of the political influence it wields."
Critics of loser-pays rules and bans on contingency fees say such efforts discriminate against patients who can't afford to pursue a claim. However, Canada's loser-pays rule is rarely invoked by the CMPA, largely because most plaintiffs are not in a position to pay.
Liability protection.
The CMPA describes itself as a "mutual defense" organization for doctors. In other words, it is not an insurance company. There is no contract between the CMPA and member physicians ensuring that the CMPA pays damages to victims of medical malpractice. When a doctor is brought before the Canadian justice system, the doctor's legal defense is funded by the CMPA, which uses its discretion on the cases it takes. The CMPA may defend a doctor sued in civil court for medical negligence causing injury, and may also defend a doctor charged in criminal court for offenses ranging from financial fraud (such as over-billing), to malfeasance, sexual battery, and felony crimes.
The national statistics for negligence lawsuits shown in the table (right) are from the 2012 CMPA Annual Report. The CMPA does not distinguish between lawsuits which are dismissed, discontinued, or abandoned, but provides only an accumulated total for this category. A lawsuit may be dismissed by the courts, or a lawyer may inform a plaintiff that there is no reasonable chance of success with a lawsuit, in which case it may be abandoned or discontinued. Often, a Statement of Claim is filed years before the case is resolved, thus the number of actions commenced in a given year need not equal the sum of the resolved cases in that year.
Financing.
Doctors pay annual membership fees to the CMPA. Provincial governments reimburse a portion of those fees as part of negotiated contracts with provincial medical associations, in lieu of other forms of compensation provided to Canadian physicians.
Membership fees, together with investment income, have enabled the CMPA to acquire a $2.6 billion reserve fund used to provide doctors with legal defence for cases in which the CMPA deems are defensible. CMPA funds are also used to provide compensation, in the form of awards and settlements, to patients and their families found to have been harmed by negligent clinical care. In 2012, CMPA paid out $249 million in awards and settlements.
No-fault medical compensation.
When the CMPA was incorporated there was an imbalance of knowledge between doctor and patient, which in turn led to what may be considered an imbalance of power in the doctor-patient relationship. Some point to abuse by MDs, both in the healthcare system and in the court system. The arrival of the internet brought a sea change. Today, objective medical information is so readily available that patients no longer need to live in a city with a university medical library to become informed about their own health conditions. Doctor rating sites have sprung up, covering every continent. The skill level of MDs, or lack thereof, may be exposed on such sites. Doctors need to keep up to date with technical advances in their field, and demonstrate high ethical standards. Patients, meanwhile, are demanding a medical "Glasnost" of transparency and accountability.
Some critics of the current system want to replace the current tort-based system with a so-called "no-fault" medical compensation system. In 2008, the Canadian Medical Association Journal printed a three-part series on this topic. In 2008, Healthcare Quarterly published "Giving Back the Pen: Disclosure, Apology and Early Compensation After Harm in the Health Care Setting." The title refers to a comment made by Bishop Desmond Tutu regarding the importance of restitution after harm: "If you take my pen and say you are sorry and don't give me back my pen, nothing has happened."
In 2005 the CMPA published a comparative analysis of medical liability systems internationally, including in countries with "no fault" systems. It called for "common sense reforms" within the current tort-based compensation system, concluding that Canada's current system is fundamentally sound and "is very likely the best possible model for our circumstances."


Cam Calder

Campbell Gordon Calder (born 1952), known as Cam Calder, is a New Zealand doctor and politician who represented the National Party as a member of the House of Representatives from 2009 to 2014.
Background.
Originally a dentist by trade, Calder was retraining as a doctor when he lost the sight in one eye through an accident. Calder previously served as president of the French New Zealand Business Council and has served on the international governing body for pétanque. He takes credit for being one of the people who "imported" pétanque into New Zealand. He has two children.
Member of Parliament.
Calder was number 58 on the National Party list in the 2008 election. The provisional results of the election would have made him an MP, but the number of seats allocated to the National Party dropped by one in the final count, preventing Calder from entering Parliament. Calder also contested the Manurewa electorate in the 2008 and 2011 elections, but lost to Labour MPs George Hawkins and to Louisa Wall respectively.
After the resignation of Richard Worth on 12 June 2009, Calder entered Parliament in his place on 17 June 2009.
In caucus, Calder served on the Law and Order and Local Government and Environment Select Committees. As a member of the Blue-Greens Caucus Committee, he believed that the opportunities for New Zealand in Clean-Green Technology are significant and was interested in strategies to promote the decentralised generation of power from renewable sources; Calder authored a discussion paper on the subject.
His background, as a medical practitioner, has convinced him of the importance of personal responsibility in the maintenance of a healthy population. He is an enthusiastic advocate of a campaign to raise awareness of prostate cancer among New Zealand males.
A long-term interest in education led him to canvass caucus support for an addition to Te Whariki, The Early Childhood Education Curriculum, of a requirement to introduce children, four years and older, to the alphabet and basic numeracy.
Calder announced in October 2013 that he was going to retire from Parliament at the 2014 general election. Calder was replaced as Manurewa candidate by Simeon Brown, a local board member from the Manurewa area. Since retiring from Parliament Calder has acted as an observer for the 2015 Sri Lankan presidential election


Navrongo, Nurses Training College

The Navrongo Nurses Training College is public tertiary health institution in the Navrongo in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The college is in the Navrongo District. The activities of the institution is supervised by the Ministry of Education. The Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulates the activities, curriculum and examination of the. The Council's mandate Is enshrined under section 4(1) of N.R.C.D. 117.


Owais Mohammad

Owais Mohammad is an Indian immunologist, nano-technologist and a professor at the interdisciplinary biotechnology unit of the Aligarh Muslim University. Known for his studies on nanotechnology-based vaccine and drug delivery, Owais is the author of two books, "Trypanothione reductase: a potential anti-leishmanial drug target" and "Antimicrobial properties of clove oil: clove oils as antimicrobial agent". He has also co-edited two books, "Modern Phytomedicine: Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs" and "Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy", and has contributed chapters. His studies have also been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 60 of them. He is a recipient of the Rashtriya Gaurav Award of the India International Friendship Society. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2007. His work has been displayed on cover pages of "FEMS Immunol. Med Microbiology" for all the issues of "Year" 2006 and "Molecular Medicine" in May–June issue of Year 2007.
Education and Career.
Owais did his undergraduate and post-graduate studies in Pharmacy from Delhi University, India, after which he pursued his doctoral research from Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), one of premier biotechnology institutes in India and Panjab University, Chandigarh, under the mentorship of Prof. C. M. Gupta. Later, he joined National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA as Fogarty Post Doctoral Fellow, where he worked on HIV. During his stay at NIH, he demonstrated that the introduction of HIV-1 genome into PBMCs blocks the propagation of HIV-2 viruses. His work on the antiviral chemokine, RANTES established that the amino-terminal domain of the chemokine was not essential for its antiviral activity or for its binding to the CCR5 receptor. He is currently serving as a professor of biotechnology at Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, working in the area of drug delivery since his joining in 1998.
Details of the Excellence in Research Work.
Besides active involvement in teaching modern biochemistry/biotechnology courses to M.Sc./Ph.D students, Owais has successfully established a small but active research group with focus on nanoparticle-based novel delivery systems including dendrimers/virosomes for gene packaging and liposomes, niosomes, microspheres and solid core lipid nano-particles for vaccine delivery, gene delivery, targeted drug delivery etc.; with a view to increase the efficacy and safety of encapsulated chemotherapeutic agents/subunit vaccines for some important infectious diseases.
The research focus of Dr. Owais’s group has been on:
"Nano-carrier based vaccines: prophylactic measures against infectious diseases".
Reckoning with the limitations of conventional vaccine, the main focus of Dr. Owais’s research endeavors has been to develop nano-vaccines against various infectious diseases of bacterial (tuberculosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis and brucellosis), protozoan (malaria, leishmaniasis) and fungal (candidasis and cryoptococcosis) origin.
In general, specialized groups of pathogens adapt intra-cellular parasitism as a strategy to avoid antibody onslaught. Keeping into consideration the non-effectiveness of humoral immune response against such intracellular pathogens, Dr. Owais evaluated potential of fusogenic lipid based vaccines as an alternative prophylactic strategy. In this regard, he has compared lipid compositions of plasma membranes of both prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells. These studies established a correlation between the lipid compositions of plasma membranes of living organisms with evolutionary trend. Lipid isolated from lower organisms possesses strong fusogenic potential. He established that model antigens entrapped in liposomes made up of fusogenic lipids, can be delivered to the target cells including antigen presenting cells (APCs), resulting in both the endo/lysosomal and cytosolic degradation pathways for antigen processing. The dual processing of antigens in the antigen presenting cells activated both the CD4+ T helper as well as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Further, he established that immunization with fusogenic liposomes resulted in expression of both IL-2 and IFN-γ, the two key cytokines that eventually help in protection against intracellular infections.
Keeping in view that sperm-ova fusion during zygote formation is generally facilitated by specific lipid compositions of the two cell populations, he demonstrated the fusogenic attributes of sperm plasma membrane lipids, and established the prophylactic potential of spermatosome based vaccines against various intracellular pathogens. As conventional egg phophatidylcholine (PC) based liposomes are of limlited application in activation of pathogen specific CTL response required for inhibiting intracellular pathogens, he developed non-PC liposome as vehicle for delivery of antigens in prophylactic treatment of experimental leishmaniasis. Further, the liposome/niosome based vaccines were also found to be effective against malaria parasite. In addition, he has prepared archael lipid based liposomes and demonstrated their immunoadjuvant potential in model animals. Of note, the archaeosome based vaccine were used to mount long lasting memory response against experimental listeriosis.
Further, Dr. Owais has highlighted interactions between two mycobacterial proteins viz. Rv3619 (RD9 family) and Rv3620 (CFP-10 analog). He demonstrated that Rv3619 protein disrupted the biomembrane and also evoked a strong immunological response. Moreover, it was revealed that nanoparticle mediated targeting of RD9 gene products to dendritic cells favors Th1 prototype of CD4+ T lymphocytes. He had successfully expressed L7/L12 ribosomal protein, SOD-IL-18 fusion protein of "Brucella spp". and trypanothione reductase of "Leishmania donavani". The recombinant proteins were used as potent subunit vaccines in protection studies. Liposome-based DNA vaccine developed by Dr. Owais has shown remarkable promise against experimental murine brucellosis.
Besides introducing liposome, niosome and microsphere based novel particulate vaccines; Dr. Owais has recently employed an autologous plasma bead based dual antigen delivery system as a prophylactic strategy against intracellular infections. The liposome/microsphere entrapped antigen further co-entrapped in dual core fibrin beads based vaccine was shown to eliminate intracellular pathogens from systemic circulation.
"Targeted nano-delivery system".
Liposomes have been widely considered useful as drug/enzyme/nucleic acid vehicles in therapy. However, their successful application was limited by their rapid lysis in blood, major uptake by the RES, and lack of availability of simple procedures for specific targeted delivery. The main emphasis of Dr. Owais has been therefore on addressing some of the problems associated with the liposomes as drug delivery systems. He demonstrated that covalent attachment of anti-erythrocyte F(ab')2 to the liposomes surface enables the liposomes to specifically recognize the erythrocytes in vivo and deliver their contents to these cells. It was further demonstrated that the entrapment of anti-malarial drugs like chloroquine (chq), in the antibody-coated liposomes increases the drug efficacy not only against the chq-sensitive but also against the chq-resistant malarial infections. Encouraged by these results, the liposomes were coated with F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody which specifically recognized the malaria-infected erythrocytes (Patent No. 182550). The monoclonal antibody bearing liposomes with encapsulated chq were found to be highly effective in the treatment of chq-resistant experimental malaria.
Awards and Honors.
He was awarded the Young Scientist Award (MYSA) in Life Sciences in 2002. Aligarh Muslim University bestowed him with Outstanding University Researcher Award in 2008 and again with the Best Teacher Award in 2009. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards in 2007. In 2013, he received the TATA Innovation Award by DBT, Govt. of India and IIFS-Rashtriya Gaurav Award. Other notable awards include VIFRA Distinguished Research Scientist Award-2015 and Indus Research Excellence Award-2015.
Owais is Member of Editorial Boards of various international journals including The open Vaccine Journal (Bentham Press), BioMed Research International (Hindawi Publishing Group), Journal of Clinical Medicine Research (Academic Press), Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research, World Journal of Critical infectious diseases (BPG Press), World Journal of Experimental medicine (BPG Press).
Selected bibliography.
Selected publications.
Nanomedicine
J Antimicrob Chemother
Biochim Biophys Acta
Vaccine
Int J Nanomed
PLOS One


Academy of Medicine of Toronto

The Academy of Medicine of Toronto was a professional and social organisation for medical doctors founded in the 19th century. It was formed in March 1907 by the amalgamation of four Toronto medical societies. The Academy published its own journal, Bulletin of the Academy of Medicine, as well as speeches, articles, essays and other work by Academy members writing on medical and non-medical subjects. The Academy's renowned library facility closed in 1991.
Organisation.
The Academy of Medicine of Toronto served as a regional library service and continuing education resource for academics and physicians in Ontario, the second most extensive in Canada after McGill's. It was maintained by its members, at no cost to the public or government. It regularly published the Bulletin of the Academy of Medicine, Toronto. In 1972, the Academy housed some 60,000 monographs and 600 journals which it made available to any of its members, either locally or remotely, through an extensive inter-library loan network. The Academy also accommodated educational visits from many school groups around the year.
History.
During the second half of the 19th century, Toronto had been home to "three independent and very antagonistic medical schools". In 1904, a stable medical faculty was established and the University of Toronto opened the Medical Building, and this allowed for the reorganization of the hospital medical staffs. At this point in time, Toronto had three medical societies: the Toronto Medical Society, founded in 1878; the Toronto Pathological Society, founded in 1889; and the Toronto Clinical Society, founded in 1892. In 1907, these three medical societies merged with the Ontario Medical Library Association to form the Academy of Medicine. It was the same year that London saw the unification of several medical societies under the Royal Society of Medicine.
The institution was first housed at 9 Queen's Park, home of the Ontario Medical Library Association. The Ontario Medical Library Association voted to dissolve on 4 June 1907, and now became the nucleus of the new Academy. It contributed 117 members out of the 186 charter fellows at the founding of the Academy and extended the legacy of its provincial service by providing that medical practitioners throughout Ontario had access to the Academy's its facilities. The Academy expanded in the subsequent decades through a series of moves and building acquisitions that allowed for further development of its educational activities.
The Academy of Medicine of Toronto thrived for many decades. However, survival became increasingly difficult for medical clubs and libraries not affiliated with larger institutions (such as universities).
In 1977, the Ontario Labour Relations Board ordered the Academy of Medicine to compensate a union and its former striking employees for its union-busting activities, closing its telephone answering service for doctors rather than deal with the Communication Workers of Canada.
In the 1980s, the Academy of Medicine ran into debt troubles. In 1981, The Globe and Mail reported that the Academy may have to sell its collection of rare books. In 1984, it was further reported that the Academy was obliged to sell Osler Hall, which housed its auditorium.
The Academy published its Bulletin between 1927 (v.1) and 1990 (v.58). It took a hiatus between the years 1980-1989.
After closure of the library facility in 1991, its collections were donated to the Toronto Hospital in June 1992. A sizeable collection from the Academy of Medicine was also acquired by the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library at the University of Toronto. On 5 July 1996, ownership of the collection passed from the Academy to the hospital. The hospital retained part of the collection, donated yet other parts, and disposed of the remainders. As of 2007, the Academy existed only virtually and offered occasional lectures.


Jennifer Mary Weller

Jennifer Mary Weller is a New Zealand anaesthesiology academic. She is currently a full professor at the University of Auckland.
Academic career.
Weller graduated from University of Adelaide, with her post-graduation training in hospitals in Canberra, Nottingham and Adelaide. She moved to Wellington Hospital in 1994 as a full-time specialist anaesthetist, eventually taking a Masters of Clinical Education from the University of New South Wales and taking on teaching at Victoria University of Wellington as well as medical duties. A move to Auckland and the University of Auckland lead to a Medical Doctor degree in 2006, and she rose to full professor in 2017.
Much of Weller's research involved MORSim, an operating theatre simulator used for training surgical teams.


Te Kani Kingi

Te Kani R. Kingi is a New Zealand mental health academic, are Māori, of Ngāti Pukeko and Ngāti Awa descent and as of 2019 is a full professor at Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi.
Academic career.
After a 2002 PhD titled " '"Hua oranga": best health outcomes for Māori' " at the Massey University, Kingi moved to the Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi, rising to full professor.


Sujata Sharma

Sujata Sharma is an Indian structural biologist, biophysicist and a professor at the Department of Biophysics of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi. She is known for her studies in the fields of protein structure, drug design and drug resistance of bacteria. Her studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 167 of them.
She is also the author of the books, "Warriors in White", an autobiographical account of some COVID-19 Warriors at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi and other leading hospitals of India, including Prof Randeep Guleria, using a combination of modern medicine, astronomy and Vedic astrology, "The Secret of the Red Crystals", an autobiographical account of her days in AIIMS Delhi. and "A Dragonfly's purpose", which is an autobiographical account of her recovery from an autoimmune disease, Guillain Barre Syndrome.
The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded her the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences, in 2011. She is also a recipient of the Woman Scientist Award of the Biotech Research Society of India and the National Young Woman Bioscientist Award of the Department of Biotechnology which she received in 2006 and 2007 respectively. In 2020, she was awarded the Kalpana Chawla Excellence award, for her contributions in science. This award is instituted in the memory of the first Indian woman astronaut, Kalpana Chawla to go on space missions.
Contributions in Structural Biology.
Sujata Sharma was the first structural biologist to successfully demonstrate the proteolytic production of N- and C-terminal molecular halves of Lactoferrin, crystallize the C-lobe and determine the three-dimensional structure Her studies have established the fact that lactoferrin has a direct role in chelating the unbound non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which in turn leads to the reduction in the NSAID-induced gastropathy.
The studies on the structure determination of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein which is a component of the innate immune system and are conserved from insects to mammals, have given a new direction for the development of this protein as a natural protein antibiotic. The structural studies on the lactoperoxidase system, that is, lactoperoxidase along with its inorganic ion substrates, hydrogen peroxide, and oxidized products have given new insights into the structure-function interrelationships of this antimicrobial protein. Her structural studies on SPX-40 have demonstrated that the molecule acts as a protective signalling factor for breast cancer cells and have validated this protein as a drug target for breast cancer. She has also been involved in the designing of inhibitors, both small organic and inorganic compounds and peptides, against these protein targets. She has successfully demonstrated the potency of these ligands in several animal models.


Ronald Chow

Ronald Chow Mei-tak (; born 1951) was the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for Health functional constituency.
Chow graduated from the University of Hong Kong, with a bachelor's degree in Social Sciences. He also got a diploma in health administration. He became a registered nurse in Hong Kong and a state registered nurse in the United Kingdom. He was also an organizer for the AIA Group Limited.
He became one of the three Legislative Councillors of the United Democrats of Hong Kong, the first pro-democratic political party when it established in 1990. But he soon quit the party for the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL). In the first Legislative Council direct election in 1991, he contested in the New Territories North constituency but was lost to Meeting Point's Tik Chi-yuen and United Democrats' Fung Chi-wood.


Philip Manley Boyce

Philip Manley Boyce (born 20 September 1949) is an Australian psychiatrist. He is a Professor of Psychiatry and Head of Discipline of Psychiatry at the University of Sydney, and Head of Perinatal Psychiatry Clinical Research Unit at Westmead Hospital. He has published more than 170 articles, and frequently contributes to psychiatric textbooks. He currently serves as associate editor of Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. He has a long clinical and research interest in anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychosomatic disorders, and perinatal psychiatry. He has also taken leadership roles in the profession as President of the RANZCP and the international Marcé society, in the development of clinical practice guidelines, and in the development of a competency-based training program for the college.
Early life and education.
Philip Manley Boyce was born on 20 September 1949 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to Madeline Millicent Manley and Hugh Boyce. He has two older brothers – Michael Lord Boyce, and Graham Graham Boyce. Boyce studied at Guy's Hospital medical School Guy's Hospital Medical School from 1968 to 1973. He earned a Diploma of Psychotherapy from the University of Adelaide in 1980, and a Doctor of Medicine from the University of New South Wales in 1990.
Marriage and children.
He met his future wife Jacqueline Wilkes (deceased 2013) in England, they emigrated to Australia, where they married in 1976. He lives with the journalist and writer Nikki Barrowclough.
Career.
Boyce worked at the Parramatta Psychiatric Centre in Richmond from 1977 to 1978. He then moved to Adelaide, where he worked at Hillcrest Hospital as a Consultant Psychiatrist, and in 1980, he became the Director of Affective Disorders Unit, as well as a Clinical Lecturer. In 1984, he moved to Sydney to take up a position at the University of New South Wales as a lecturer in Psychiatry, as well as a consultant at the Prince of Wales and Prince Henry Hospitals. In 1989, Boyce became a senior lecturer at the University of New South Wales, and a Consultant Psychiatrist at the Prince Henry Hospital.
In 1990, Boyce became the Area Director of Mental Health, and an Associate Professor in Psychiatry and a Director of the Mental Health division at the Penrith District Health Service. After becoming the Sub-Dean at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney Nepean Hospital, Boyce also became the Acting Head of the Department of Psychological Medicine.
Boyce is on eight committees and boards, including the Bipolar Advisory Board and Chair, Standing Committee for the Training of Psychiatrists, NSW Institute of Psychiatry. He was the president of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists from 2003 to 2005.
Award.
In 2016, The RANZCP's highest and most prestigious award, the College Medal of Honour, was presented to Professor Philip Boyce for distinguished and meritorious service to the college. Professor Boyce has served the college and his patients extensively and with great distinction as an outstanding leader and researcher over many years.
Selected publications.
Books.
Haddad, M. and Boyce P. (2017) Fast Facts: Depression, Oxford: Health Press.


Sambhu Nath De

Sambhunath De ; (1 February 1915 – 15 April 1985) was an Indian medical scientist and researcher, who discovered the cholera toxin, the "animal model of cholera", and successfully demonstrated the method of transmission of cholera pathogen "Vibrio cholerae".
Early career.
Shambhu Nath De was born in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. His father Mr Dasarathi De was a not so successful businessman. Supported by his uncle Asutosh De, De completed the Matriculation examination with distinction from Garbati High School that helped him to get the District scholarship as well as to pursue further education in Hooghly Mohsin College, which was then affiliated with the prestigious University of Calcutta. His higher education was supported by Kestodhan Seth, who identified De as an extraordinary student. De passed his M.B. examination in 1939 from Calcutta Medical College and completed a Diploma in Tropical Medicine (DTM) in 1942. Soon after graduation he joined Calcutta Medical College as a Demonstrator of Pathology and initiated his research under Professor B. P. Tribedi. In 1947, De joined as a PhD student under Sir Roy Cameron at the Department of Morbid Anatomy, University College Hospital Medical School, London, and obtained his PhD degree in Pathology in 1949. After his return, De worked on pathogenesis of cholera and started publishing his findings. In 1955, De became the Head of Pathology and Bacteriology Division of the Calcutta Medical College, which he continued until his retirement. De published more than 30 research papers and has written an excellent monograph on cholera and its pathogenesis.
Contributions.
De made significant contributions to our recent understanding of cholera and related diarrhoeal diseases and set a permanent milestone in the modern view of diseases caused by bacterial exotoxins. Followed by the discovery of Vibrio cholerae in 1884 by Robert Koch, many works have been carried out all over the world to answer many questions related with its pathogenesis and mode of transmission in causing outbreaks. The seminal works of De in Calcutta (now, Kolkata), during 1950–60 breached several qualms pertaining to the enteric toxin produced by bacteria including V. cholerae and Escherichia coli. Three of his works viz., ligated intestinal loop method (which was a reinvention of Violle and Crendiropoulo method in 1915, but De was unaware of this work and made an independent discovery) for studying cholera in rabbit model; ileal loop model to demonstrate the association of some strains of E. coli with diarrhoea and lastly but most importantly is his discovery of cholera toxin in 1959 in the cell-free culture filtrate of V. cholerae that stimulated a specific cellular response.
Says Eugene Garfield, founder-editor of Current Contents and Science Citation Index and publisher of The Scientist, in his 1986 tribute to De: In 1959 De was the first to demonstrate that cholera bacteria secrete enterotoxin. This discovery eventually promoted research to find a treatment aimed directly at neutralising the cholera enterotoxin. De’s paper “Enterotoxicity of bacteria-free culture-filtrate of Vibrio cholerae,” while initially unrecognised, today is considered a milestone in the history of cholera research. Biochemist W.E. van Heyningen, professor emeritus, University of Oxford, UK, and John R. Seal, former scientific director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, note that De’s paper “deserves to go down as a classic in the history of cholera, and, indeed, as later developments have shown, in the history of cellular physiology and biochemistry.” Thanks to De’s discovery of the cholera enterotoxin, research has been redirected to find a vaccine that will spark the immune system to fight the enterotoxin specifically, rather than the bacteria.
De and colleagues also published highly cited pioneering studies on V.cholerae action on the intestinal membrane., The 1953 paper “An experimental study of the mechanism of action of Vibrio cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane” is De’s most-cited paper, cited 340 times until August 1986. De’s most-cited paper has been core to cholera research fronts for many years, especially research fronts on "E. coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin: detection, characterization, and role of adherence" and "Characterization of cholera enterotoxin and other enterotoxins". As noted by John Craig, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, De’s work was truly creative and novel, and it “forever altered our concepts surrounding the pathogenesis of secretory diarrhoea.”
These famous findings came out from the work he carried out at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta Medical College and Bose Institute, Kolkata in extremely modest laboratory settings. Using research methodology that was very simple, easy to perform and inexpensive, he set the highest standards of excellence in novel experimental design and execution.
In the words of Nobel Laureate Prof. Joshua Lederberg, “De’s clinical observations led him to the bold thought that dehydration was a sufficient cause of pathology of cholera, that the cholera toxin can kill ‘merely’ by stimulating the secretion of water into the bowel". Thus, the oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for replenishing the massive fluid loss in cholera patients, has saved innumerable lives, should be considered as a direct outcome of De's discovery of cholera toxin. His findings on exotoxins set the stage for the modern views of diseases caused by toxin producing bacteria, helped in the purification of cholera and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins produced by V. cholerae and E. coli, respectively, and in the development of series of cholera and enterotoxigenic E. coli (in short ETEC strains) vaccines.
Post-retirement.
De retired in 1973 from the Calcutta Medical College at the age of 58. After his retirement, he showed no interest in higher positions but continued his research at the Bose Institute, Calcutta. De's desire to purify the cholera toxin did not progress any further as the protein purification technology was not well established in his research settings. During his time of research, De worked with hypertoxin-producing classical strains of V. cholerae O1, which was abruptly replaced by El Tor biotype [producing less cholera toxin] in Calcutta from 1963. This new development was another reason why De could not continue his research on purification of cholera toxin.
In 1978, the Nobel Foundation invited De to participate in the 43rd Nobel Symposium on Cholera and Related Diarrhoeas.
De died on 15 April 1985 at the age of 70. His life's ambition was to make the world a better place to live in through his dedicated selfless services in medical science.
Significance of work.
But for Eugene Garfield's 1986 tribute to De in Current Contents,6 De's great contributions to cholera research would have continued to remain unknown to many even in India. A special issue of the journal Current Science (Bangalore, India) was published in 1990 in honour of De, to which several eminent scientists of national and international repute contributed.
In the words of Dr S Sriramachari, former director of the Institute of Pathology and additional director general of the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, De's contributions stand out as a pinnacle of excellence in our understanding of the pathogenesis of cholera.
Nobel laureate Prof. Joshua Lederberg had nominated De for the Nobel Prize more than once. Said Lederberg, "our appreciation of De must then extend beyond the humanitarian consequences of his discovery. . . he is also an examplar and inspiration for a boldness of challenge to the established wisdom, a style of thought that should be more aggressively taught by example as well as precept.”
And yet De was never elected a fellow of any Indian academy and never received any major award. Indeed as Professor Padmanabhan Balaram pointed out in an editorial in Current Science, "De died in 1985 unhonoured and unsung in India's scientific circles. That De received no major award in India during his lifetime and our Academies did not see it fit to elect him to their Fellowships must rank as one of the most glaring omissions of our time. De emerges, in retrospect, as a modest self-effacing scientist driven by inner compulsions to grapple with a major scientific problem of the time. His choice of cholera as his field of interest was remarkably appropriate to his setting. To this problem De brought a wonderfully thoughtful approach, together with deep intuition, enabling him to make the long-awaited breakthrough in the field. De's heroic story of persistence, dedication and achievement should serve as an inspiration to the many who are increasingly bewildered by the current fashion of mega projects, surrounded by fanfare and publicity and most often surprisingly little discernible scientific output.”


Charles Huxtable

Charles Reginald Ralston Huxtable MC & Bar (30 September 1891–29 July 1980) was an Australian doctor who served in both World Wars and wrote about his experiences in the book "From the Somme to Singapore: a Medical Officer in Two World Wars".
Biography.
Huxtable was commissioned a Temporary Lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps in April 1915. He won the Military Cross in June 1917 and a bar in November 1917 whilst serving as a medical officer with the Lancashire Fusiliers during World War I. He resigned his commission as a Captain in April 1918. During World War II he was captured in Singapore by the Japanese and imprisoned in Changi Prison.
Huxtable, then serving with the Royal Flying Doctor Service at Broken Hill, initiated the establishment of the Bush Children’s Education Foundation in 1965.
He was shocked by the number of children who were not enrolled in any school and whose only contact with other children was through visits to a township. At that time there was no government provision for these children other than access to correspondence lessons.
Huxtable, along with the Chief Justice of New South Wales, Sir Leslie Herron, the Honourable Ian Sinclair and Ian Hardy, prepared a Trust Deed for the Foundation, which was approved by the NSW Attorney General.
It provided funding for isolated children to board at the purpose-built Tibooburra Hostel. Other similar hostels were located in the far west of New South Wales. The Foundation appealed for individual and corporate donations so that bursaries could enable children to board at one of these hostels in order to attend a country school.
In the early years the occupations of the families covered the range of outback working life: farmers, station hands, fencers, bore sinkers, kangaroo shooters, prospectors, miners, bush nurses, small business owners and itinerant circus/show people. Many of these occupations continue in the bush today, but now include parks and wildlife personnel and small business operators.
Ahead of public opinion at the time, the Foundation supported and continues to encourage indigenous families to apply for bursaries. They included the descendants of the Wadikali and Karengappa people, original tribal groups from the north west corner of New South Wales.
Publications.
"From the Somme to Singapore: A Medical Officer in Two World Wars", Charles Huxtable, Kangaroo Press, 1987


Khwaja Abdul Hamied

Dr. Khwaja Abdul Hamied (31 October 1898 – 1972). He was an Indian freedom fighter and nationalist and anti-imperialist scientist who founded Cipla, India's oldest pharmaceutical company in 1935. His son, Yusuf Hamied headed the company after him for the next 52 years.
Early life and background.
Hamied was born in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, to Khwaja Abdul Ali and Masood Jahan Begum. He graduated from Allahabad University in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh and held M.A. and PhD degrees from the Humboldt University of Berlin in Germany. He was a disciple of M.K. Gandhi and former founder professor along with Zakir Husain of the Jamia Milia Islamia in Aligarh, now based in Delhi.
Career.
Hamied followed Mahatma Gandhi's Indian nationalism. Hamied's family raised money to send him to study chemistry in England, during British rule, in 1924. Instead, he changed ships and went to Germany, then the world's leader in chemicals. On a Berlin lake, he met a Lithuanian Jewish socialist, whom he married. They fled as the Nazis rose to power in Germany.
Chemical, Industrial and Pharmaceutical Laboratories (CIPLA) was founded in 1935 with an initial capital of Rs. 2 lakhs. The company commenced production in 1937 making it the oldest pharmaceutical company in India. His eldest son Yusuf Hamied, who did study chemistry in England, is now Chairman of Cipla. Yusuf still refers to his chemistry notebooks from Cambridge.
Apart from conceiving the idea of establishing a National Chemical Laboratory and making it a reality, Dr Khwaja Hamied floated the idea and conceptualized the establishment of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as an umbrella organization to run a clutch of laboratories. He remained a Member of the Governing Body of the CSIR right from its inception till the very last
During the last four decades of his life, he played an important role in raising the pharmaceutical and chemical industry standards in India to an extraordinarily high level through founding the firm Cipla.
Dr. Hamied was an honorary professor and a member of the executive council of the Aligarh Muslim University, member of the Senate of Bombay University and a fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, UK. He was also a member of the Bombay Legislative Council from 1937 to 1962, refusing the offer of becoming a Muslim Minister in the cabinet in Bombay. Hamied also served as Sheriff of Bombay.
Dr Khwaja Abdul Hamied died in 1972 after a brief illness.
References.
Khwaja Abdul Hamied : Father of indigenous modern pharmaceutical industry of India


King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College

King Edward (VII) Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College (), located in Mumbai, is amongst the foremost teaching and medical care providing institutions in India. It was founded in 1926; it is affiliated with Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS), Nashik. The students and alumni of Seth G. S. Medical College are colloquially referred to as "GSites".
The medical college (school) provides training to about 2,000 students at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and super-specialty medical courses-level; in undergraduate and postgraduate physical and occupational therapy courses; Masters and Ph.D. courses in various allied specialties. A nursing school is also maintained by this institution. With about 390 staff physicians and 550 resident doctors, the 1,800 bedded hospital treats about 1.8 million out-patients and 85,000 in-patients annually. It provides both basic care and advanced treatment facilities in all fields of medicine and surgery. Funded mainly by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, this institution renders virtually free of cost service to the underprivileged sections of the society.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, on 3 May 2020, Indian Air Force choppers showered flower petals on King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital, J. J. Hospital, and Kasturba Gandhi Hospital to pay tribute to healthcare workers fighting for the safety of the people of Mumbai.
Rankings.
Merit list toppers across the state of Maharashtra, select KEM Hospital as their first preference, followed by Sion Hospital, Nair Hospital, and J. J. Hospital in order. The college was ranked 12th among medical colleges in India in 2020 by India Today, 12th by The Week in 2019, and 9th by Outlook India in 2019.


Hardikar Hospital

Hardikar Hospital is a Multi Speciality hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India. It has 120 beds, serves as a private institution, and has a medical school attached to it.
Hardikar Hospital also refers to a 5-bed hospital in Dombivli, India.


Richard Nixon Berry

Richard Nixon Berry (May 3, 1873 – September 17, 1956) was a dentist and political figure in Ontario. He represented Haldimand in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1923 to 1926 and from 1929 to 1934 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Seneca township, the son of Nixon Berry and Eliza Jane Hassard. Berry was educated in Caledonia and at the Royal College of Dental Surgeons. In 1904, he married Harriette Esther Hind. Berry served as reeve for Caledonia from 1920 to 1923 and as warden for Haldimand County in 1923. He died in Hamilton in 1956.


Professional Association of Internes and Residents of Ontario

The Professional Association of Internes and Residents of Ontario (PAIRO) is the association that represents all medical doctors in the province of Ontario that are doing post-graduate medical training (residency).
It fulfills the role of a union.
It negotiates with the provincial government on behalf of the interns and residents, like the Ontario Medical Association for physicians with a certificate of registration for independent practise.
PAIRO was responsible for initiatives that lead to the recognition of the dual status of interns and residents as trainees and first-line physicians in hospitals in Ontario. In 1996, the union negotiated a home after 24/28 hour call rule, similar to the 80-hour week in place in training centres in the United States. This was augmented by the development of call maxima, limiting residents in Ontario to overnight call one night in four.


John Freeman Loutit

John Freeman Loutit CBE FRS FRCP Also known as 'Ian'. (19 February 1910 – 11 June 1992) was an Australian haematologist and radiobiologist.
He was born in Western Australia, the son of a locomotive engineer.
He contributed significantly to the development of improved techniques for the storage and transfusion of blood during the Second World War. After the war he became a leading researcher in the then novel field of radiobiology. He established and ran the Medical Research Council's Radiobiology Unit at Harwell from 1947 to 1969. He gave the 1969 Bradshaw Lecture to the Royal College of Physicians on the subject of malignancies caused by radium.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1963. His candidature citation read:
He died in 1992. He had married Thelma Salusbury in 1941; they had three children.


Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana

Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, officially Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, is a deemed university at Mullana near Ambala in the state of Haryana, India. It was founded in 1993 in the name of Maharishi Markandeshwar Ji.
Institutions.
Constituent institutions on the main campus which come under this university include:
Infrastructure.
The campus includes 14 hostels and six residential blocks. It has a sports complex with seven gyms, a swimming pool and one game arena. The campus has two shopping centers with four banks, a post office, and various eating shops. Also on campus there is an auditorium with seating capacity of about 1500.


Ioannis Kasoulidis

Ioannis Kasoulides (; born 10 August 1948 in Nicosia, Cyprus) is a Cypriot politician, party member of DISY, who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus from 1997 until 2003, and again from 2013 to 2018. He was member of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2013. He has held a number of political posts in Cyprus, including member of the House of Representatives of Cyprus from 1991 until 1993, and government spokesman from 1993 until 1997.
Education and career.
Kasoulides studied medicine at the University of Lyon, and founded and served as the chairman of the Federation of Cypriot Students Unions in France. He graduated in 1974 with MD. From 1975 until 1981, he was a hospital doctor and lecturer in London. He specialised in geriatrics in London, at the London Hospital, in 1981. From 1981 until 1993, he practised medicine in Nicosia.
Ioannis Kasoulides served the Democratic Rally in various roles, including that of Chair of the party's Youth Organization. In 1991, he was elected as a member of the House of Representatives of Cyprus and in March 1993 he was appointed by then President Glafkos Clerides as the Government Spokesman, a position he held until April 1997 when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. He remained Foreign Minister until the end of term of the Clerides administration in 2003. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kasoulides oversaw Cyprus' EU integration process.
He founded consulting firm "DDK Strategy and Public Affairs" in 2003.
In June 2004, Ioannis Kasoulides was elected to be a member of the European Parliament. He sat on the Foreign Affairs Committee and was as a substitute on the Transport and Tourism Committee. He held various other European Parliament committee positions, including the Presidency of the ad hoc Delegation for the Human Rights in Western Sahara. Ioannis Kasoulides sat as a Member of the Bureau of the European's People Party until November 2007, when he stood as candidate for the Presidency of Cyprus.
Ioannis Kasoulides ran for President in the Cypriot presidential election of 2008. He won the first round, but lost in the second to Demetris Christofias. Kasoulides received just under 47% of the vote.
In June 2009, Ioannis Kasoulides was re-elected Member of the European Parliament, achieving a new personal record regarding number of votes. He was elected Vice-Chairman of the Presidency of the EPP group in the European Parliament, where he was appointed as the head of the Foreign Affairs Working group.
Ioannis Kasoulides has joined the EuroAsia Interconnector on March 30, 2018 as Chairman of the Strategic Council.
Personal life.
Kasoulides is married to anaesthetist Emy Kasoulidou and they have one daughter, Joanna. He is fluent in English, French and German. He co-authored the book "Cyprus – EU: the Accession as I Witnessed It".
Awards and decorations.
Ioannis Kasoulides has been awarded with the following honours:


James Rose (Australian politician)

James Marmaduke Rose (31 August 1849 – 18 August 1939) was an Australian politician.
Born in Melbourne to James and Mary Ann Rose, he attended Spring Street Model School and became a student teacher and Methodist minister. In 1869 he married Alice Fawkner in Fitzroy, with whom he had nine children; he later married Lucinda Dunlop Taylor. Rose was headmaster of Yarraville State School around 1873, but travelled to Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating in 1880. After a period as head resident surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh he returned to Williamstown and was appointed public vaccinator in 1883. In that year, however, he retired to take his seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for North Melbourne, serving until 1889. Although he was considered a liberal at the time he had later associations with the nascent Labor Party. Rose died in Kew in 1939.


Mark Bryan (veterinarian)

Mark Bryan is a veterinarian and researcher working in New Zealand. He is a director of VetSouth, one of two clinical research clinics in the South Island and Adjunct Senior Lecturer in Dairy Cattle Medicine at Massey University. In 2013 he was a finalist in the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year.
Career.
Bryan qualified as a veterinarian in Glasgow, Scotland in 1988 and worked in intensive dairy practice in the North of England. He moved to Waikato, New Zealand in 1995. In he 2004 gained his Masters in Epidemiology from Massey University in Palmerston North. Bryan moved to New Zealand in 1995 and to his current practice in 1997.
Bryan identified that many rural practices had difficulty in retaining staff. From 1997 when he joined Central Southland Vets in Winton, heading up the dairy side of the practice, to 2001, when he became a director, the practice had doubled in veterinarian numbers and quadrupled in dairy farm numbers. He is the Managing Director of VetSouth. VetSouth was formed in 2005 when the Winton practice joined with a practice in nearby Gore. Creating VetSouth was about elevating rural vet practice with the dual effect of being able to retain the best staff in a rural setting and to ensure that farmers receive first rate veterinary services. The size also makes it possible for the practice to both participate in research and to more readily test new ideas such as improving the measurement of body condition scores (BCS) in dairy cows.
Bryan was aware of the XLvet concept from the UK that bought together the most progressive vet practices working together to provide veterinary services. Bryan brought the concept to New Zealand. With significant resources available, Bryan and VetSouth have been instrumental in developing Welfarm in conjunction with XLvets. Welfarm is a program that measures the wellbeing of dairy cows. In 2014/15 the program ran with 150 farms and 84,325 cows. With these numbers, it is possible now to do accurate benchmarking that should lead to better outcomes for the cows, the farms and the industry. It was planned that the program with the support of the New Zealand Veterinary Association would go national. As of December 2016 the program is still to be implemented.
Bryan's veterinary service created an app called Disease and Mortality Incident Tracker, or dam-iT, to capture disease and mortality data in production animals. This project will provide a baseline of normal mortality rates on NZ farms as there are no national disease statistics. Creation of the app was partly prompted by deaths on HT [herbicide tolerant] swedes and fodder beet in 2014 and following years.
VetSouth has been running the Welfarm pilot for 3 years and have identified the use of antibiotics as an issue to address. The New Zealand Veterinary Association, which Bryan is a board member, has recently announced that they are aiming to phase out the use of non- essential antibiotic usage by 2030.Their strategic intent is that “by 2030, NZ Inc would not need antibiotics for the maintenance of animal health and welfare”.
In 2018 Bryan was active in discussion around the management of Mycoplasma bovis.
Bryan is active in the veterinary and general communities promoting animal welfare and good veterinary practices. He is active in community building and in promoting the welfare of veterinarians in general. He spoke at the 2015 Pan Pacific Veterinary Conference and at the NZ Skeptics Conference in 2016. Bryan will be a Dairy Speaker at the 36th World Veterinary Association Congress in Auckland, New Zealand on 6–8 April 2020.
Publications.
Conference papers.
Bryan, M, E Knupfer, Hea S. (2016). Risk factors and patterns of NSAID use in New Zealand Dairy farms- a pilot survey; Proceedings of the Society of Dairy Cattle Veterinarians Annual Conference, Publisher: VetLearn Foundation


Ged Kearney

Gerardine Mary "Ged" Kearney (born 29 October 1963) is an Australian politician and trade unionist. She has been a member of the House of Representatives since March 2018, representing the Division of Batman and later the Division of Cooper for the Labor Party. She was previously president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) from 2010 to 2018.
Early life.
Kearney was born in Richmond, Melbourne, Victoria, as the second-youngest of nine children. Her father was a publican. She began to study for a Bachelor of Economics degree at Monash University, but dropped out to pursue a nursing career. She qualified as a registered nurse in 1985 and participated in the nurses' strike in 1986. She also gained a Bachelor of Education, and worked as a nurse and nurse educator, including a period managing clinical nurse education at Austin Health.
Kearney has four children.
Union movement.
Kearney was elected as an official of the Australian Nursing Federation in 1997. She served as Assistant Federal Secretary, Federal President and Victorian Branch President, before being appointed Federal Secretary of the Federation in April 2008. Following the departure of Sharan Burrow, Kearney was elected President of the Australian Council of Trade Unions from 1 July 2010.
Politics.
In May 2013, Kearney indicated she was considering nominating for Labor preselection for the Division of Batman at the 2013 federal election. The seat was to become vacant following the retirement of Martin Ferguson. However, a short time later she announced that she would not run.
In 2017, Kearney announced she would seek preselection for the state seat of Brunswick, after the decision by the sitting member Jane Garrett to try to move to a safe seat in the Legislative Council. Garrett's bid was unsuccessful.
In February 2018, following the resignation of David Feeney from the seat of Batman, Kearney was selected by the ALP to contest the resulting by-election. She won the by-election on 17 March 2018 and was declared elected on Wednesday 21 March 2018. Kearney used her maiden speech to advocate for a "humane refugee policy" in Australia.
In 2019, Kearney was elected to the new Division of Cooper on a substantially increased two party preferred margin. The post-redistribution boundaries of the Division of Cooper are almost identical to the former Division of Batman.


J Ward

J Ward originally the Ararat County Gaol, was an Australian prison, of the latter a psychiatric facility to house the criminally insane, located in Ararat, Victoria, Australia.
Construction of the gaol commenced in 1859 and the facility was opened in October 1861. In 1887 it was converted for use as a maximum security psychiatric ward for the
criminally insane. J Ward officially closed in January 1991 and in 1993 it was re-opened as a museum providing tours.
History.
Construction of original building commenced in 1859, as a goldfields prison, based on the Pentonville concept, by the Public Works Department. They were built out of blue stone. On 10 October 1861 the gaol was opened, with a total of 21 prisoners incarcerated. The first Governor was Samuel Walker (previously the Governor of Portland Gaol). In 1864 the gaol housed 40 prisoners and in 1867 John Gray became the gaol's second Governor, a position he held for ten years. On 15 August 1870 the first execution was conducted at the gaol, when Andrew Vere was hanged for the murder of Amos Cheale in January 1869. The second execution at the gaol was held on 25 September 1883, when Robert Francis Burns was hanged for the murder of Michael Quinlivan. In 1877 Henry Pinniger was appointed as the gaol's third Governor. On 6 June 1884 the gaol held its third execution, with Henry Morgan being hanged for the murder of Margaret Nolan in November 1883. In 1884 George Fiddimont became the gaol's fourth Governor, he died of a heart attack at the goal on 14 September 1886.
In the aftermath of the Victorian gold rush the gaol was no longer required and in December 1886 the gaol building was proclaimed as the 'J Ward', part of the Ararat Lunatic Asylum.
J Ward is now a museum open to the public. Tours are run every day except on public holidays at 11 am, 12 pm, 1pm & 2pm.
Other notes about J Ward include the amazing art work done by prisoners on the walls outside in their open area, the way this place makes you still imagine it being operated, and the thought to detail is amazing.
J ward was not only occupied by the criminally insane but also the insane who had not committed any crimes, but were eventually moved to a facility established to their needs.


Jacquie Petrusma

Jacqueline Anne Petrusma (née Harper; born 23 March 1966) is an Australian politician. The daughter of Barry Harper, a former state cricketer, she was born in Launceston, Tasmania, and worked as a registered nurse before becoming involved in politics. She is married to a nephew of former MLC Hank Petrusma.
Petrusma was educated at Glen Dhu Primary School, Kings Meadows High School, Launceston College and the University of Tasmania, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce (Marketing) in 1995. She has one child from her first marriage, has three children from her second. She stood for the Senate in the 2004 federal election as a Family First Party candidate, coming close to defeating the Greens' Christine Milne on preferences. She contested the Senate again for the party at the 2007 election, but was unsuccessful. In 2009, she became a member of the Liberal Party and was endorsed as a candidate for Franklin at the 2010 state election, defeating Clarence City Councillor Tony Mulder for the second Liberal seat.
She became Minister for Human Services and Minister for Women in the Hodgman Ministry when the Liberal Party won government in March 2014, and Minister for Sport and Recreation, Minister for Disability Services and Community Development, Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and again Minister for Women after the March 2018 election and served in this capacity until resigning from these portfolios due to ill health in July 2019. Petrusma is now Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Tasmania and Chairman of Committees.


Benno Chajes

Benno Chajes (14 November 1880 – 3 October 1938) was a German physician, professor for Social medicine and politician. He was a member of the Prussian parliament representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Chajes was born in Danzig, West Prussia, German Empire (Gdańsk, Poland) to Wolf Chajes (1845–1901) and Emma née Braff (1846–1932), he passed his Abitur in Danzig and studied medicine at the University of Berlin and the University of Freiburg. He received his doctorate in 1903 in Freiburg and started to practice as an assistant doctor in 1903 at the Charité in Berlin. From 1904 to 1907 he worked for Alfred Blaschko and in 1907 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris.
He returned to Berlin in 1908 to work at Hans Goldschmidt's clinic and started his private practice specialising in dermatology, sexual diseases and urology in 1911 in Berlin Schöneberg. From 1906 to 1921 he worked as public assistant doctor in Schöneberg, from 1915 to 1933 he was the physician of the Deutsches Theater (Berlin). Chajes joined the Association of socialist physicians ("Verein sozialistischer Ärzte") in 1913 and became its deputy chairman in 1924.
In World War I he served as a military physician from 1915 to 1918 and was awarded the Iron Cross second class. During the German Revolution he was a member of the workers' and soldiers council in Frankfurt (Oder), he is described either as chairman of the central department of the soldiers' councils in the Province of Brandenburg or in the Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt (Oder). Chajes was a delegate at the national congress of councils.
In 1919 he started to lecture at the Technical University Charlottenburg on industrial hygiene. In 1922 he became a member of the Committee for industrial hygiene at the International Labour Office in Geneva. He was elected a member of the Prussian Parliament in 1928 and became his fraction's expert in public health services. He followed Alfred Grotjahn at the University of Berlin and headed the Institute for social hygiene at the University of Berlin from 1931 on.
Being Jewish, Chajes lost his positions according to the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. He emigrated via Switzerland and Turkey to Mandate Palestine, where he arrived in autumn 1933. In 1934 he started to practice as a physician in Tel Aviv.
Chajes was engaged in constituting Healthcare in Israel, he co-founded the Assuta Medical Center and the Shiloah Insurance company, today part of the Harel Group. In 1935 Chajes became the chairman of the Committee for industrial and social hygiene of the Histadrut Union.
He died in 1938 while on vacation in Ascona, Switzerland.
Family.
Chajes was married to Käte Schattner (1882–1925), step-daughter of Eduard Bernstein, and in a second marriage to Flora Rosenbund (1898–1942).


Jagannath Dixit

Jagannath Dixit is an Indian professor who is known for propounding a diet plan to reverse obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physicians, diabetologists, and experts from the Indian Medical Association have said that the diet is not supported by scientific evidence, and Dixit has been accused of providing harmful health advice. Dixit is a professor at the Government Medical College, Latur, and he was named the brand ambassador for the Government of Maharashtra's anti-obesity campaign in Maharashtra in 2018.
The Dixit diet plan, where a person eats two meals a day, was originally conceived by Shrikant Jichkar. However, Dixit's claims have been challenged for lacking scientific validation, and he has been accused of providing potentially harmful advice to those with diabetes. The Indian Medical Association has noted that Dixit is neither a dietician nor a diabetologist. A 2018 article at the JAMA Internal Medicine journal concluded that the hypothesis of carbohydrate stimulated insulin secretion being the primary cause of common obesity, was difficult to reconcile with available evidence.


Peter Green (physician)

Peter Henry Rae Green (born 30 January 1947) is an Australian-born gastroenterologist and Professor of Clinical Medicine and Director of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, New York City. He is notable for his expertise is celiac disease and his research includes epidemiology, clinical manifestations, associated diseases and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the syndrome. Green has an active research collaboration with the Karolinska Institute in Sweden.
Early life.
Green was born in Sydney and attended Newington College (1959–1964) commencing in the preparatory school at Killara. At the University of Sydney he graduated as a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery with First Class Honours in 1971. During his medical studies, Green played with the Newington Old Boys Rugby Club as a member of a Kentwell Cup winning team and was a surf lifesaver with Palm Beach Surf Life Saving Club. He is still a member of the Cabbage Tree Club at Palm Beach, New South Wales.
Medical career.
Green became the senior medical registrar at Royal North Shore Hospital and trained there in gastroenterology before becoming clinical superintendent in 1976. Later that year he was appointed to the Beth Israel Medical Center and Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. He is now an Attending Physician at the New York Presbyterian Hospital and Columbia University Medical Center. In 1978, Green became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians and in 1979 he was awarded an MD from Sydney University based on research performed at Harvard and Columbia Universities.
Publications.
He is the author of a book titled "Celiac disease, a hidden epidemic", first published by Harper Collins in 2006 and currently in its second edition and has over 300 publications in medical journals that include original research, invited reviews, editorials and book chapters.


Ernest Duchesne

Ernest Duchesne (30 May 1874 – 12 April 1912) was a French physician who noted that certain molds kill bacteria. He made this discovery 32 years before Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic properties of penicillin, a substance derived from those molds, but his research went unnoticed.
Life and work.
Duchesne entered "l'Ecole du Service de Santé Militaire de Lyon" (the Military Health Service School of Lyons) in 1894. Duchesne's thesis, "Contribution à l’étude de la concurrence vitale chez les micro-organismes: antagonisme entre les moisissures et les microbes" (Contribution to the study of vital competition in micro-organisms: antagonism between molds and microbes), that he submitted in 1897 to get his doctorate degree, was the first study to consider the therapeutic capabilities of molds resulting from their anti-microbial activity.
In his landmark thesis, Duchesne proposed that bacteria and molds engage in a perpetual battle for survival. In one experiment, he treated cultures of "Penicillium glaucum" with media containing either bacteria that cause typhoid fever ("Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica", formerly: "Bacillus typhosus" (Eberth)) or "Escherichia coli" (formerly: "Bacterium coli communis") ; the "Penicillium" succumbed to the bacteria. Nevertheless, he wondered whether the "Penicillium" might have weakened the bacteria before the mold perished. So he injected guinea pigs with media containing bacteria (either typhoid or "E. coli") and media containing "Penicillium glaucum". The animals survived and were rendered immune to the bacteria. He speculated that molds might release toxins, as some bacteria do. To treat diseases, he proposed using media in which either bacteria or molds had been cultured. Duchesne concluded that:
While only weakly conclusive given the number of the experimental trials, this proves Duchesne understood, concluded, and published information about the effect of the "Penicillium glaucum" mold as a therapeutic agent in animals. Because he was 23 and unknown, the Institut Pasteur did not even acknowledge receipt of his dissertation.
Duchesne served a one-year internship at Val-de-Grâce before he was appointed a 2nd class Major of Medicine in the 2nd Regiment de Hussards de Senlis. In 1901, he married Rosa Lassalas from Cannes. She died 2 years later of tuberculosis. In 1904, Duchesne also contracted a serious chest disease, probably tuberculosis. Three years later, he was discharged from the army and sent to a sanatorium in Amélie-les-Bains. He died on 12 April 1912, at age 37. Duchesne is buried next to his wife in the Cimetière du Grand Jas in Cannes.
Recognition.
Duchesne was posthumously honoured in 1949, 5 years after Alexander Fleming had received the Nobel Prize.
"A history of antibiotics" contains a suggestion on why it was forgotten:


Kawasaki City College of Nursing

 is a co-educational public junior college in Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The predecessor of the college was founded in 1964, and the college was chartered as a junior college in 1995.
The school specializes in nutrition studies, and in child care.


Rose Ann Creal

Rose Ann Creal (3 November 1865 – 7 August 1921) was an Australian nurse serving during World War I.
Early life.
She was born on 3 November 1865 at Young, New South Wales. She was one of five children of John Creal, an Irish born miner and Ann (née Brady) also of Irish descent. In 1872 when Rose was seven years old, her mother and newborn brother died. She was educated at home by her father until the age of 16 when she began a job in a small hospital in Parkes, New South Wales.
She worked there for many years and was appointed as a member of the Australian Army Nursing Service Reserve. She enlisted for war service on 14 August 1916 and arrived in Egypt on 23 September 1916. She served as a nurse for three years during the Great War and returned to Australia during January 1920. She died almost a year and a half later on 7 August 1921 after an attack of appendicitis.¹
Nursing.
Rose Ann Creal began working at a small hospital in Parkes at the young age of 16¹. The matron of the hospital in Parkes described Rose as "a diamond of the first water". Recognizing the quality and potential of her young assistant, the matron at the Hospital in Parkes arranged for Rose to be taken on as a probationer at Sydney Hospital. Then by 1891 she was head nurse of a ward. When the hospital's matron resigned in 1898, Senior Sister Creal was made an acting matron. Her appointment was confirmed in February 1899 and later that year she became a founding member and councillor of the Trained Nurses' Association of New South Wales.
Rose Creal participated in many events in Australia at the turn of the 20th century, including military nursing. Nurses who joined the AANS (Australian Imperial Force) during peacetime and attended prescribed lectures were the first to be called upon when World War I broke out in August 1914. These civilian trained nurses, including Creal, were known as 'efficient' Creal became the principal matron of the 2nd Military District. Creal's role in this position was to complete her main duties and she, like a number of hospital matrons, was feeling the effects of nursing staff shortages due to the high levels of nursing recruits to the war effort.
World War I.
Before, World War 1 Rose was a member of the Australian Army Nursing service reserve. In October 1914 she was given the role of principal matron of the second military district located in New South Wales while she was still the matron at the Sydney Hospital¹. On 14 August 1916 Matron Creal enlisted for war service nominating her sister Elizabeth (‘Bessie’) as her next of kin. She worked on the Hospital Ship (Karoola) on 19 August 1916 and started her duty of matron of the 14th Australian General Hospital at Abbassia Egypt on 23 September.¹ The casualties of the Australian Light Horse were treated as a priority, and in November 1916 were up to about 570 people.
Following heavy fighting at Magdhaba and Rafa the casualties rose to over 900 and by May 1917, after the battle of Gaza, to 1140. Due to the large number of casualties it placed great pressure on the nursing staff. In her report for September 1917, Creal paid tribute to the nurses' selfless devotion to duty, after the first battle of Gaza when some of the nurses worked for eighteen hours at a time. When the hospital moved to Port Said in February 1918, Miss Rose Creal was known for the way she welcomed the injured soldiers as they arrived at the hospital and dedicated herself to their care. H.S. Gullett said "No womanhood has ever presented a richer association of feminine tenderness and shear capacity"¹. The hospital in Parkes had several nurses who served during World War One with Sister Isobel Rose Smith, Sister Mary Ann Hutton, Matron Rose Ann Creal, Sister Florence Lynch and Sister Grace Linda Tomlinson all either leaving from the Parkes Shire or upon returning from service came to call the Parkes Shire their home.
Awards and recognition.
For her work in Egypt, Rose Ann Creal was awarded the Royal Red Cross (First class) in the supplement 31093 of The London Gazette. In August and September of 1919 she completed an elocution course and tour of hospitals in England and Scotland "with the view of becoming conversant in the latest methods employed in these countries".³
Sydney Hospital established the Rose Creal Medal in her honour; it is the highest award for students of the Lucy Osborn School of Nursing.
Creal Place, in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm, is named in her honour.
Death.
On 7 August 1921 Rose Ann Creal died at Sydney Hospital from appendicitis. She was accorded a military funeral, one or the largest funerals the city had seen in a long time. Hundreds of people attended the funeral lining the streets outside St James' church. Rose Ann Creal's coffin was mounted on a gun carriage and draped with the Union Jack, with her nurse's cap on top. Burial was at Waverley Cemetery.


U.S. Naval Hospital, Subic Bay

U.S. Naval Hospital, Subic Bay (also the Navy Regional Medical Center) was the main medical facility of the U.S. Naval Forces, Philippines. In 1992, after the Philippine government decided not to renew the U.S. bases agreement, the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay, and the hospital on its grounds, was closed.
History.
The U.S. Naval Hospital at Subic Bay was opened on 13 July 1956 as U.S. Naval Station Hospital, Subic Bay. In January 1973, the hospital expanded the scope of its command, adding the dispensaries at Naval Station Subic Bay, Naval Air Station Cubi Point, Naval Communication Transmitting Facility, Capas in Tarlac, and the Joint Military Group Manila. On 7 March 1977, the Hospital was designated as a "Regional Medical Center". On 1 August 1983, the Naval Medical Command, Pacific Region, Hawaii became the Subic Bay U.S. Naval Hospital's parent command. In 1989, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery reorganized, and the hospital began to report directly to the Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Philippines.
The hospital had 90 beds, with the ability to expand to 141 beds.
The last commanding officer was Captain Vernon M. Peters, MSC, USN. The facility was officially closed on November 1992.


Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital

Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital is a government-run medical college in Cuttack in the Indian state of Odisha.
It is the premier medical institution in Odisha and one of the oldest centers of medical teaching and training in India. It is located near Mangalabag area in the heart of the city Cuttack with a sprawling campus of . It has been recognized by Medical Council of India (MCI) as an ideal undergraduate institution facilitating education and training in super specialty subjects under medical and surgical disciplines.
History.
The evolution of this institution dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. It took its birth as a small dispensary as First Aid Centre in the premises of the present medical college during the days of Maharatha rule in the later half of the eighteenth century. The sole purpose of that dispensary was to render whatever little medical assistance was available and feasible to the sick pilgrims en route to and from Puri, especially during the "Car Festival" of Lord Jagannath.
This dispensary continued to function admirably till the British occupation of Orissa in 1803. The British rulers, in due course of time, realized the strategic importance of this dispensary at Cuttack and converted it into small hospital. For smooth management of the Hospital, they made provisions for pumping adequate money from the "Annachhatra Fund".
In 1875, the Orissa Medical School was born and saw the light of the day by the effort of a large hearted Briton, Dr Stewart, the then Civil Surgeon of Cuttack as its first Principal. he mooted out the idea of starting a medical school, utilizing this hospital as an infrastructural nucleus. In this endeavour, he received the kind support and sincere patronage of the then Lt. Governor, Sir Richard Temple and the Divisional Commissioner, Mr T.E Ravenshaw.
First the Orissa Medical School was established with a capacity of 20 L.M.P (Licentiate Medical Practitioners) students. It was affiliated to the Bihar and Orissa Medical Examination Board which grantee the LMP Diploma.
In 1944, the Orissa Medical School was renamed as Orissa Medical College and Major A.T Anderson, the then Civil Surgeon of Cuttack acted as its first Principal. he wanted to improve the Orissa Medical College as per the pattern existed in U.K which was highly appreciated by Lt.Col.A.N.Chopra, the then Director of Health and I.G, Prisons. They recommended to the Government to upgrade the existing medical school to the status of College. The Parla Ministry consisting of Maharaja of Paralakhemundi. Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Dev, Mr Abdus Subhan Khan (Minister of Health and Education) and Pandit Godabrish Misra gave due attention to this issue and finally the Orissa Medical College was born on 1 June 1944 with a capacity of 22 students into MBBS Degree Course.
The College was affiliated to Utkal University and the first batch appeared in the Final MBBS Examination in 1948. The College received recognition for MBBS degree from Medical Council of Indian in the year 1952 with retrospective effect.
In 1951, the Orissa Medical College was subsequently renamed as SRIRAM CHANDRA BHANJ MEDICAL COLLEGE in recognition of the donation and efforts made by Mayurbhanj State Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo. Moreover, Maharajah Vikram Deo Varma of Jeypore, the founding father of Andhra University also donated to this medical college.
The college received recognition for MBBS degree from Medical Council of India in 1952 with retrospective effect. Postgraduate courses in M.D./M.S. specialties were started in 1960. Since 1981, post-doctoral training leading to the award of D.M. and M.Ch. degrees have been instituted in the disciplines of Cardiology and Neurosurgery respectively.
Academics.
SCB Medical College provides degree courses for MBBS, MD, MS, DM, MCh and diploma courses. Its intake for MBBS courses is 250 and for postgraduate courses it is approximately 150. A dental wing in the college campus imparts B.D.S. degrees under Utkal University. At present this college extends facility for postgraduate training in all the 21 broad specialties.
The college offers the four-and-a-half-year M.B.B.S. course with a one-year compulsory rotating internship in affiliated hospitals. There are 250 seats, all the seats are filled through a single window all India medical test known as NEET-UG of which 85% admissions are done by the Odisha Joint Entrance Examination (OJEE) at the state level and 15% through NEET counselling at the national level. Admission is extremely competitive.
The college offers more than 150 seats in post graduate courses. Admission is through the Odisha Post Graduate Medical Examination (50%) and at the national level through the All India Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examination.
National programmes like family Welfare Training in Regional Family Welfare Training Centre, Post Partum Programme attached to Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, ICMR Programme, IGNOU study center, Regional Spinal injury center and treatment of Geriatric patients in Geriatric OPD are functioning in this institution.
Student life.
Undergraduate and post graduate students hail from all over India. The campus has five hostels including Old Gents Hostel and New Gents Hostel for undergraduate men. It has one each hostel for undergraduate women, postgraduate women, postgraduate men, house staff students and nursing students.
Both undergraduate and post graduate students (Junior Doctor's Association) have their union. Representatives of the student body are elected annually in a campus-wide election.
The inter-collegiate cultural, literary and sports festival of SCB Medical College is called Synapse and is held in late December and early January every year. It is organized by the Students Union. In addition, the Students Union holds annual inter-class competitions where undergraduate students within SCB Medical College compete in cultural, literary and sporting events.
Each hostel has an air-conditioned TV room and one reading room. The campus has many canteens for students and staff. The campus also has a Gymnasium for men and women and grounds for cricket, tennis and basketball. It has also a swimming pool for students . Every year the students organise picnic which means a great moment of joy between the hectic academic sessions.
Library.
A student library is inside the campus with more than 500 seats having sections for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The Central Library is one of the best referral medical libraries in the state of Odisha. The library has installed air conditioning for the whole library. It has been declared as resource library in the Eastern Region by Govt. of India in the year 1993.
Medical facilities.
Doctors and staff at SCB Medical College strive to provide comprehensive, high-quality tertiary care services including specialty and super-specialty services to all without consideration of caste, creed, religion, sex, economic status or disability. However, there may be some deficiencies due to extreme patient load and finite resources. Acquiring newer equipment for investigation, research and patient care is expedited as it is not constrained by funds.
The hospital provides service at its Outpatient department, Casualty and indoor services. It has a regional diagnostic center with MRI and CT scans. It has a blood bank and eye bank facility.
Super specialty facilities.
Super specialty services of the hospital include the following:
A multi-specialty trauma center is under construction for special care of trauma patients
Telemedicine services.
In 2001, telemedicine Service has been established in, collaboration with ISRO and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow for providing distant Medical Education to our medical students, tele consultation for critically ill patients, follow-up treatment facility to the patient who are treated earlier and Tele medical video conference are also being provided.


Yiwu Hospital

The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, also called the Yiwu Hospital (), is a hospital in Yiwu, Zhejiang, China. It is a teaching hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
Introduction.
The hospital is located in Yiwu, Zhejiang, China. The first investment of constructing this university hospital is about 1 billion yuan. Initially the hospital will have about 800 patient beds. The constructional area of the hospital is about 200 "Mu".
Dr. Chen Yagang was pointed as the first president of the hospital.


Mary Jane McCallum

Mary Jane McCallum (born 1952) is a Canadian Senator representing Manitoba.
Early life and education.
McCallum was born on May 1, 1952. She received a Dental Nursing Diploma from the Wascana Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences in Regina, Saskatchewan, in 1977 and a dental therapy diploma at the School of Dental Therapy in 1979. She earned a Doctor of Dental Medicine degree from the University of Manitoba in 1990.
Career.
A dentist by profession, and a Cree woman, she has spent much of her career working to provide dental and medical services to northern and Indigenous communities in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
Senator.
She was appointed to the Senate by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on December 4, 2017.


Yuwa-India

Yuwa uses girls’ team sports as a platform for social development in rural India. Yuwa is one of the largest girls’ football programs in India, with 250 players, 150 of whom practice daily. In 2009 Franz Gastler founded Yuwa with the financial help of his high school friends, Greg Deming, Stephen Peterson, and Erik Odland, to use football as a platform to combat child marriage, illiteracy and human trafficking among girls in rural India.
Details.
History.
Vision statement: 'Yuwa, which means "youth" in Hindi, works specifically with girls from impoverished families in rural Jharkhand, India—a place where girls are at risk of child marriage and human trafficking. It is a program that uses team sports and education to build character, confidence, and courage. It is a place where girls who don't yet know their worth can meet to compete, achieve goals, and create brighter futures. Yuwa prepares girls to break the cycle of poverty—permanently' (Yuwa About).
Franz Gastler has given TEDx talks on "Sports to promote confidence in women" (2012), "The Girl Effect" (2013) and with Rinky Kumari "Yuwa - How football can change lives" (2015).
The program was featured as a Microsoft Edge Partner, November 16, 2017, highlighting the new Yuwa web page. The News & Media page has a list of media articles describing Yuwa.
Donosti Cup football tournament.
Participation in the 2013 tournament helped Yuwa achieve recognition in India. Their participation in the 2016 tournament in Spain was featured in a short series of four videos by the Bollywood star Ranbir Kapoor. They were the second team invited to the 2018 25th Anniversary tournament.
Awards.
Yuwa won the Laureus Sport for Good Award in 2019.


Indian Cancer Society

Indian Cancer Society is a non-government, non-profit, national organization for awareness, detection, and providing cure and treatment for cancer patients in India.
It was established in 1951 at the initiative of Naval Tata with noted oncologist, Dr. D.J. Jussawalla and as India's first voluntary, non-profit, national organization for awareness, detection, and providing cure and treatment for cancer patients in India.
Indian Cancer Society is a pioneer institution in fighting cancer across India. The facilities with head office in Mumbai was established in 1951 and a branch in Delhi was set up in 1983 at behest of K. K. Mehta. Many noted personalities, corporate and charitable trust like Sir Ratan Tata Trust, A. H. Wadia Trust, Pirojsha Godrej Foundation are associated with organization to fund its activities to provide treatment and rehabilitation to cancer patients at minimum cost. It is associated with Tata Memorial Hospital, which is considered as one of the best cancer hospitals in India providing treatment and rehabilitation programs for cancer survivors. They also do research and publish data on types of cancer patients in India.
History.
India's National anti-cancer Association, The Indian Cancer Society, was established in 1951, as a registered public trust under Bombay Public Trust Act,1950 and the society's Registration Act, 1860. The institution is the first and the largest of its kind in Asia and it also established a Rehabilitation centre at Parel, Mumbai in 1958. The activities of society includes undertaking complete care of poor cancer patients by offering food, medicines, transport, prostheses, colostomy bags, counselling services, social welfare and job placement services and also helping them in self employment, in particular for those coming from rural areas. In addition the society also undertakes programmes and projects which educates general public about the factors relevant for cancer and conducts relevant educational training for doctors.
In September 2020,BIG FM and Indian Cancer Society had launched ‘Together against Cancer’ month-long campaign which was aimed at creating awareness about the dreadful disease and help raise funds for those suffering from cancer during the COVID pandemic.