Mary Lambie

Mary Isabel Lambie (26 October 1889 – 22 January 1971) was a New Zealand nurse and nursing educator. After World War II she became an international advocate for nursing and nursing education, eventually working with the World Health Organization.
Career.
Born in Christchurch in 1889, Lambie hoped to do medical training but family circumstances prevented her from going to university, and she trained to be a nurse from 1910–1913 in Christchurch. In the early part of her career she was a nurse with the school medical service, focusing on education on the prevention of disease and illness. She also collected data on enlarged thyroids and this data led to the discovery of iodine deficiency as a cause of goitre.
She trained as a Plunket nurse in 1924 and completed a course in public health at the University of Toronto in 1925–26. In 1928 she became one of two instructors for a postgraduate nursing programme in hospital administration and teaching or public health nursing. She was dedicated to improving the quality of nursing education and continued her work in the education of health professionals after the war. In 1927 she was appointed as a public health nurse in the Department of Health, becoming director of the division of nursing from 1931 until her retirement in 1950. Her work included inspecting hospitals and schools of nursing, laying the foundations of a public health nursing service as well as being concerned for the health of Māori people.
As well as supporting the work of the Maori Women's Health Leagues she held a number of international positions: in 1946 she was elected president of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation; in 1947 elected first vice-president of the International Council of Nurses; was a member of the South Pacific Board of Health from 1946–1949; and in 1950 she became chairperson of the Expert Nursing Advisory Committee of the World Health Organization.
In 1956 she published her autobiography "My story: memoirs of a New Zealand nurse".
Public recognition.
In 1935, she was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of St John in 1937 and an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1938 New Year Honours. In the 1950 New Year Honours, she was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire.


Alan Ebringer

Alan Ebringer B.Sc, MD, FRCP, FRACP, FRCPath (born 12 February 1936) is an Australian immunologist, professor at King’s College in the University of London. He is also an Honorary Consultant Rheumatologist in the Middlesex Hospital, now part of the UCH School of Medicine. He is known for his research in the field of autoimmune disease.
Early life and education.
Ebringer was educated in Melbourne High School, and graduated in Medicine from the University of Melbourne.
Career.
Ebringer worked for one year as a Medical Registrar at the Walter Eliza Hall Institute under Sir Macfarlane Burnet and Prof. Ian Mackay where he developed an interest in autoimmune diseases.
He moved to London in the 1970s, working first with Ivan Roitt in the Department of Immunology at the Middlesex Hospital. In 1972, he formed the Immunology Unit at Queen Elizabeth College, now linked to King’s College which was located in the Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biology studying autoimmune diseases. About 22 Ph.D. students graduated from the Immunology Unit over the subsequent thirty years. Ebringer is the pioneer researcher behind autoimmune disease and "molecular mimicry," and was head of the Middlesex AS (Ankylosing Spondylitis) Clinic, London, for nearly 20 years where the was employed as successful therapy in AS patients.
Ebringer was among the first to investigate the relationship between autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and certain bacteria, "Proteus mirabilis" in particular (Ankylosing Spondylitis and "Klebsiella pneumoniae"; Multiple Sclerosis and "Acinetobacter calcoaceticus"). His findings have been cited by proponents of herbal medicine Low-starch and gluten-free diets.
Publications.
Ebringer is the author of several books on the subject of autoimmune disease, including "Rheumatoid arthritis and Proteus". and "Ankylosing spondylitis and Klebsiella" (Springer publications) He also published a number of articles on the subject in peer reviewed journals.


Theraplix

Theraplix is a European pharmaceutical company. It is now a subsidiary of Sanofi.
One of their products is the antipsychotic cyamemazine (Tercian).
Their products include: Amidezel, Diamex, Hexomedine Solution, Cathomycine, Kanamylone, Theraleneand Trecator.
In the 1960s they distributed gifts to physicians in the form of collage cards. They were mostly of Asian subjects and were suitable for framing.


David Waters Sutherland

Prof David Waters Sutherland CIE FRSE (18 December 1872–19 April 1939) was an Australian physician who ran the King Edward Medical College in Lahore and married Princess Bamba Singh.
Biography.
He was born in Buninyong on 18 December 1872, the son of Wilhelmina Waters and her husband, John Sutherland of Allendale, Victoria. He was educated at Creswick Grammar School, then Melbourne University.
He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, graduating with an MB ChB in 1893, then took the exams for the Indian Medical Service. He subsequently qualified for the post-graduate Doctor of Medicine (MD). He was also a member of the (English) Royal College of Physicians (MRCP).
Originally attached to the Indian Army as part of the Indian Medical Service he went to Bengal as a Surgeon Lieutenant in 1894. He served in the Chitral Campaign of 1895. He later served in engagements at both Malakand and Panjkora. He was promoted to Major in 1905 and in 1919 was Consulting Physician to the Afghanistan Field Force. He reached the rank of Lt Colonel.
Concurrently, in 1897 he became Professor of Materia Medica and Pathology at the King Edward Medical College in Lahore. In 1909 he became Principal and Director of the college, also continuing as Professor of Medicine.
In 1903 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir William Turner, Sir Thomas Richard Fraser, Alexander Bruce and John Chiene.
In 1917 he was created a Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) by King George V.
Sutherland retired in 1926 and returned to Scotland soon after. It is unclear if his wife, Princess Bamba, went with him. He died at "Braeside" at Belhaven on the outskirts of Dunbar in Scotland on 19 April 1939.
Family.
In 1915 he married Princess Bamba Singh daughter of Prince Duleep Singh, last of the family dynasty which had controlled the entire Punjab. They had no children.


Shahnaz Husain

Shahnaz Husain is the founder, chairperson & managing director of The Shahnaz Husain Group in India. She has received international acclaim for pioneering the Herbal beauty care movement and taking the Indian herbal heritage of Ayurveda worldwide. In 2006, she was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India for her contribution to the fields of trade and industry.
She was invited by Harvard Business School to speak on her success story of establishing an international brand without commercial advertising and has also become a Harvard Case Study which is included in its curriculum. She has also lectured to students at , University of Oxford and London School of Economics. Shahnaz has also represented India at President World Summit for Entrepreneurs. In 1996, she won Success Magazine's "World's Greatest Woman Entrepreneur" award. She has walked the red carpet at the Cannes Film Festival and spoken at the House of Lords and House of Commons in the British Parliament.
Personal life.
Born Shahnaz Beg, she is the daughter of Justice Nasir Ullah Beg, a former Chief Justice of the and Sayeeda Begum, who was the daughter of the commander-in-chief of the Hyderabad army. Her grandfather, Justice Samiullah Beg, was a prominent politician of the United Province who later served as Chief Justice of the Hyderabad High Court. Her uncle, , was a former .
Shahnaz studied at St. Mary's Convent Inter College, Prayagraj. She was married at an early age to Nasir Husain with whom she has two children. She studied Ayurveda in Iran while Nasir Husain was posted in Tehran. She then completed her training in cosmetic therapy and cosmetology from leading institutions of the West, such as Helena Rubinstein, Schwarzkopf, Christine Valmy, Lancome and Lean of Copenhagen. She returned to India and started Women's World in New Delhi at her home. The then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, frequently visited her.
Nasir died in 1999 of cardiac arrest. Their son, Sameer Husain who was a rapper allegedly committed suicide in Patna in 2008 and their daughter Nelofar Currimbhoy is taking her legacy forward. Nelofar is also the author of Shahnaz Husain's biography "Flame".
About The Shahnaz Husain Group.
Adopting the concept of Herbal Care and Cure, Shahnaz opened her first herbal clinic in 1971 and over the next few years formed The Shahnaz Husain Group. She formulated therapeutic products for specific skin and hair problems, as well as premium ranges for skin care, such as 24 Carat Gold, Oxygen, Diamond, Pearl, Plant Stem Cells and Platinum Range. The company also sells its products online at http://shahnaz.in. The Shahnaz Husain Group has over 400 franchise ventures across the world covering over 138 'without animal testing' countries. The first franchise clinic opened in Calcutta in 1979. Within a year, there were 80 Shahnaz Herbal franchise clinics in India. The first foreign Shahnaz Herbal franchise clinic was opened in London in 1982. The group also operates its premium Ayurveda Salon and Spa treatment center in New Delhi to offer a line of proprietary treatments for Skin, Hair and Body.
Corporate social responsibility.
Shahnaz has tied up with Government skill development projects in beauty and wellness. Her beauty academy has trained and certified over 40,000 under-privileged women, distributing tool kits for home-based businesses.
Awards.
Shahnaz Husain has received several international and national awards for her contribution in the beauty industry:
Publications / further reading.
1. Shahnaz Husain Beauty Book (https://www.amazon.in/Shahnaz-Husains-Beauty-Book-Husain/dp/8122200605)
2. Flame Book (http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/my-mothers-story/article3359825.ece)


Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University () is a teaching hospital in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University.
History.
On October 25, 1954 the Xinjiang Military District issued a letter for the establishment of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the First Military Hospital. In June 1954, the Ministry of Health and the Northwest Field Army Corps preparing to come to the proposed sites in the field for investigation, preparation of construction plans. In August 1954, construction of the hospital began.
Composition.
Hospital is divided into two parts;
It has a total of 1041 beds, 47 medical and clinical departments, clinical teaching and research section. Hospital has a professionally trained staff including 102 professional and technical staff, more than 70 master's degree doctors, more than 250 mid-level professionals and technicians. It is a level-A rated hospital in Xinjiang treating bone and joint diseases and peripheral nerve diseases. Xinjiang deaf and dumb rehabilitation, prevention and treatment center is also a major project of this hospital.
Treatment facilities.
Hospital has:
and other biochemical analyzer equipment. With various minimally invasive surgery and endoscopic surgical microscopes and advanced cardiac surgery equipment and operating room.
Achievements.
The hospital has received more than 50 scientific and technological awards, 32 medical professionals have published more than 1,000 research articles in the Chinese Journal of Medicine.


Geoffrey Vaughan

Geoffrey Norman Vaughan (9 April 1933 – 4 January 2018) was an Australian rugby union player, a national representative prop forward of the 1950s.
Vaughan was born in Sydney and claimed a total of 6 international rugby caps for Australia. He made the Wallabies' 1957–58 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France where he played in three Tests. His other Test match appearances were made against the New Zealand Maori during their 1958 tour to Australia.
He later served as dean of the Victorian College of Pharmacy and director of the Chisholm Institute of Technology. In 2006, Vaughan was made officer of the Order of Australia.


Roeser Medical

Roeser Medical Group is a German trading and service company in the healthcare sector. The company is a leading German distributor of medical supplies to hospitals.
History.
Roeser Medical was founded by Leonhard Hermann Josef Roeser in Essen in 1918. Starting as a prosthesis manufacturer for World War I invalids, Roeser's sons Reiner and Leonhard expanded into the field of medical engineering. By 1969, the company supported about 30 hospitals in the Ruhr region.
From 1995, the company turned into a service provider focused on consulting, logistics and procurement services. In 1999, Roeser and two other companies, "Westmed" (Duisburg) and "Lukas" (Münster) merged into "Roeser Medical GmbH Co. KG". In November 2004, "MWB Medizintechnik" (Bremen), was taken over. Further acquisitions include "MWB Medizintechnik" in November 2004 as well as "EHS Medizintechnik" and Klingenfuss in January 2012. In May 2017, German private hospital group "Sana Kliniken AG" announced to take over Roeser Medical from the Swedish private equity group EQT Partners, who had owned Roeser since 2010.
The company moved its headquarters from Mülheim an der Ruhr to Bochum in 2009, where it took over the former Nokia halls. In 2015, it moved back to Essen.
Products and services.
Roeser offers planning and configuration of functional areas in hospitals and provides access to more than 800.000 products from more than 900 manufacturers. These include products by Welch Allyn, Covidien, and Becton Dickinson.


EFM Health Clubs

EFM Health Clubs is an Australian health and fitness club franchise group. The company operates over 65 franchised locations throughout Australia. EFM Health Clubs offer personal fitness coaching services to their members. The company is headquartered in Unley, South Australia. The company CEO is former Port Adelaide Football Club Operations Manager Peter Rohde, who commenced in the role in January 2014.
History.
EFM commenced operations in Unley, South Australia in 1991. The company was founded by Shane Radbone, Ex SANFL and AFL Footballer . Matthew Lindblom assumed control of the company in 2000 and exited the role in 2014, making way for current CEO, Peter Rohde. The company is privately held.
Operations.
As of 2015, EFM have over 65 clubs nationally with locations in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. EFM specialize in corporate health and fitness programs for the employees of major Australian hospitals. EFM Health Clubs also specialize in running on-site fitness programs for schools, with over 20 school programs running around Australia. EFM provide free commercial grade fitness equipment as well as professionally run programs for students, staff, past students, parents and the local school community. Tailored fitness programs are developed collaboratively to meet the needs of the school community and are integrated into the school's strategic plans.
Awards.
EFM Health Clubs were awarded a Bronze level of recognition in the 2012 Fitness Australia Quality Awards.
Technology.
EFM Health Clubs updated their company website in December 2013.


Grant Guilford

William Grant Guilford is a New Zealand-American academic and administrator, specialising in veterinary nutrition. Guilford is currently the Vice-Chancellor at Victoria University of Wellington.
Academic career.
After a Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Bachelor of Philosophy at Massey University, Guilford completed a PhD in nutrition from the University of California, Davis. The title of his 1993 thesis was "Experimental Studies of Gastrointestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Food Sensitivity in Dogs."
Following the completion of his PhD, Guilford worked at the University of Missouri and the University of California, Davis, before returning to New Zealand and Massey University, where he studied food allergies in domestic pets.
Guilford was first author on the third edition of the veterinary textbook "Strombeck's Small Animal Gastroenterology."
University administrative career.
Guilford served for 10 years as the Foundation Head of the Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences at Massey University. The institute became the first veterinary school in the southern hemisphere to be accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association. Guilford faced opposition from animal rights activists, some of whom took direct action, with the Animal Liberation Front liberating dogs from a farm owned by the University.
Guilford moved to the University of Auckland as Dean of Science in 2009 and Vice Chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington in 2013.
During his time as Vice-Chancellor, Victoria University of Wellington has grown and modernized its physical campus, with a new science building opened by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, and creative studios in Miramar.
There has been tension between Guilford's administration and staff represented by the Tertiary Education Union, where the University offered higher salaries to those who chose not to be union members. This, and other contributing factors, led to industrial action undertaken by union members.
Under Guilford, the Victoria University of Wellington's Karori campus was sold to private developers. This prompted some controversy, as the university had acquired the land for $10 from the Ministry of Education, and sold it for an undisclosed sum (the land was valued in excess of $20 million) to Ryman for the purposes of making a retirement village. This led to tension between the Ministry of Education, the Wellington City Council, the Karori community, and Victoria University of Wellington as many considered that it was improper for the university to make such a profit off public land. Guilford later said Victoria University spent around $21 million upgrading the campus, challenging the idea that the University had made a $20 million profit from the land.
In May 2018, Guilford announced that Victoria University of Wellington was considering renaming the institution to "The University of Wellington" to provide clarity and avoid confusion with other similarly-named institutions. Consultation on the proposal ended in early June 2018. Opposition to the proposed name change led to thousands of written submissions and a petition against the change being received from students, staff, graduates and alumni of the University. The Minister of Education declined the name change. The University then changed its logos and branding, minimising references to Victoria in a move described as "a name change by stealth."
In 2020, Guilford was criticised following Victoria University of Wellington's decision to charge residents of the university's closed halls of residence a $150 per week fee once New Zealand moved to COVID-19 alert level three on 28 April 2020. Guilford responded to criticism with claims that the university would have to cut staff if the fee could not be collected. This resulted in a student-led rent strike involving at least 1000 people.
In August of 2020, Guilford made another move unpopular with university staff when he unveiled plans to restructure the university, eliminating schools in order to focus administration on the faculty offices, which would result in significant job losses for administrative staff. Staff have described Guilford's plan as "cruel and insensitive", and accused Guilford of "pushing through too many projects focused on increasing revenue in order to break even by 2021, without addressing staff and student burnout". The University's postgraduate students association have also spoken out against Guilford, noting that most student support comes from the school offices he plans to cut. Furthermore, a survey of staff found that 88% of staff at the university did not trust the university's senior leadership, and over 50% were experiencing fatigue and anxiety. Victoria University Professor Lydia Wevers characterised Guilford's leadership as "a general failure to communicate well with staff", and noted that Guilford had cancelled all meetings with the staff union for the remainder of the 2020. In October of 2020, Salient heavily criticised Guilford's leadership in their review of the preceding academic year, noting his dishonesty regarding accommodation fees, the wasting of school funds on events that were unprofitable due to a lack of advertisement, the charging of international students four times more than domestic despite limited benefits under lockdown, and his refusal to upscale student grades due to the stresses incurred by the COVID-19 crisis (with VUW being the only university in New Zealand not to do so), as well as criticising his failure to communicate restructurings and job losses with staff and students.
In January of 2021, in the midst of job cuts due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the university's finances (and shortly after Guilford personally appealed for staff to take voluntary redundancy, which led to many staff saying that they felt "guilt tripped" by Guilford into leaving), Guilford unveiled plans to spend $69,000 on a new illuminated sign for the university's Rutherford House building. Tertiary Education Union president
Dougal McNeill called the move "bizarre", as the university was putting aesthetic changes above the wellbeing of its staff, and said “Staff cuts now would hurt students, the university, and the community, and wasteful decisions like this latest plan underline that there is no case for cuts". Wellington city councillor Nicola Young accused Guilford of being duplicitous and going against the education minister by wasting important educational funds on a "name change by stealth", which she claimed was an "obsession" of Guilford's.
Sustainability.
The University has made significant progress on its sustainability goals during Guilford's time as Vice-Chancellor, including the creation of a Zero Carbon Plan. In 2020, the University leased 11 hectares of land from Wellington City Council in order to convert the land into a native forest. Guilford has called for politicians to act on climate change, and made a submission to the Ministry for the Environment consultation phase on setting New Zealand's post-2020 climate change target. Guilford supported staff and students taking part in the 2019 climate strike and spoke in favour of the strike. The University was ranked 36th overall in the Times Higher Education University Impact Rankings 2020, which measured how more than 750 universities worldwide are contributing to the 17 United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). It was ranked 11th for its contribution to two SDGs. The University has also divested itself from fossil fuels during Guilford's tenure as Vice-Chancellor.
Roles outside of academia.
As of 2018, Guilford is on the board of the Wellington Regional Economic Development Agency (WREDA). He has previously held positions on the boards of several companies, including New Zealand Genomics Limited, centres of research excellence, including the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, and the Crown research institute Landcare Research Limited.


Ann Ballin

Dame Reubina Ann Ballin (20 February 1932 – 2 September 2003) was a New Zealand psychologist and victims' rights advocate. In 2002, she was accorded New Zealand's highest civilian honour, membership of the Order of New Zealand.
Biography.
Born in Hamilton in 1932, Ballin was educated at St Hilda's Collegiate School in Dunedin and Waikato Diocesan School in Hamilton. In her mid-teens, she suffered from a neurological condition that attacked her spinal column, confining her to a wheelchair for the remainder of her life.
Ballin attended Auckland University College and the University of Canterbury, graduating BA in 1961 and MA in 1964. A qualified psychologist, she worked as a student counsellor at the University of Canterbury from 1974 to 1986, and served as president of the New Zealand Psychological Service from 1979 to 1980.
She chaired the Victims’ Task Force from 1988 to 1993 and pioneered changes in the criminal justice system to improve justice for victims of crime. Between 1987 and 1995, she chaired the New Zealand Council for Recreation and served on the Hillary Commission on Recreation and Sport from 1987 to 1990. From 1987 to 1988, she was a member of the Royal Commission on Social Policy and between 1980 and 1982 she was chairperson of the national committee of the International Year of Disabled Persons.
Ballin died in Christchurch on 2 September 2003.
Honours and awards.
In the 1982 New Year Honours, Ballin was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the disabled. She was promoted to Dame Commander of the same order in the 1993 New Year Honours, for services to the community.
Ballin received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal, and was awarded an honorary LittD degree by the University of Canterbury in 2001.
In the 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours, Ballin was appointed an additional member of the Order of New Zealand.


Civil Hospital, Aizawl

Civil Hospital, Aizawl is a state-owned hospital in Aizawl, Mizoram, India. Founded as a 'Coolie Dispensary' in Colonial India in 1896, it grew up to the form of a hospital in 1906.
History.
The present 300 Bedded Civil Hospital Aizawl was established in 1896 with a few Beds, In 1906 the Hospital had around 12 Beds to cater to the Small population of that time. During 1960’s the Hospital had about 56 Beds (Male wards, Female wards, Isolating ward and Separate 12 Bedded T.B. wards). From 1966 onwards the massive influx / migration of Rural Population to Aizawl in search of Jobs, better Education and other opportunities necessitated the increase of bed strength to cope with the ever-increasing demand. Around 1980 the total bed strength was around 200. The first Post Graduate trained Doctor in General Surgery and obs and Gynae joined the Hospital in 1971. Subsequently, more and more Post Graduate trained Doctors (Specialist) in various Specialities joined the Hospital from time to time leading to the Establishment of different departments based on Speciality to give need based specialized treatment.
Facility.
At present the following facilities for the best medical care services within the State of Mizoram are available in the Hospital – Surgery, Medicines, obs + Gynae, Pediatrics, Orthopedics, Dermatology, Radiology, Ophthalmology, ENT, Pathology, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Anaesthesiology, Oncology, Forensic Medicines and Blood Bank.
Presently the oncology department of this hospital is a Regional Cancer Centre funded by the Government of India.


Santeon

Santeon is a cooperative association of 7 teaching hospitals across the Netherlands established in 2010:
These hospitals account for 11% of Dutch hospital care volume. They employ approximately 29,000 people, and generate €2.9 billion in annual revenues.
In 2018 it is said to have reduced unnecessary inpatient stays over 15 months by 30% and the rate of reoperation due to complications in breast cancer patients by 74% using structured, value-based health care working with the Boston Consulting Group.


Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (RAJUVAS) is a state agricultural university located at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. It was established in 2010 by the "Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Act, 2010" of the Government of Rajasthan, amended in 2013. Its constituent colleges are College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner (CVAS Bikaner), College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur (CVAS Udaipur) and Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (PGIVER). It also has 65 other institutes awarding two-year diplomas.


Mizoram College of Nursing

Mizoram College of Nursing is a nursing college run by Civil Hospital, Aizawl under the Health & Family Welfare Department, Mizoram, India.
Campus.
The campus is located in Falkawn. The foundation stone was laid on 24 January 2011. It features a library, computer lab, nursing lab, classrooms, and a hostel. It has 22 teaching staff and 29 non teaching staff.
History.
The school began in 1980 with an intake of 20 students for the general nursing and midwifery course. About 500 students have graduated since then. The institution was upgraded to provide degree level education in 2005.
Course.
The college offers a B.Sc.Nursing course.
Affiliation.
The institution has gained approval from the Indian Nursing Council (INC), Delhi and Mizoram Nursing Council (MNC), Aizawl. It is affiliated with Mizoram University.


Toronto Paramedic Services

The City of Toronto Paramedic Services (TPS; formerly known as Toronto Emergency Medical Services), is the statutory emergency medical services provider in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The service is operated as a division of the City of Toronto, under the Community & Social Services cluster. The service is funded by the municipal tax base, and operates similarly to other municipal divisions, such as the Toronto Parks, Forestry & Recreation division, or the Toronto Water division, but retains operational independence from other divisions. While under municipal government control, it is subject to provincial legislation and licensing. It is not the only service provider in its area; private-for-profit medical transport services also provide routine, non-emergency transports and coverage for special events, but the statutory emergency medical system is the only provider permitted to service emergency calls.
History.
The City of Toronto has operated an ambulance service directly on an uninterrupted basis since 1883, when the City of Toronto Health Department acquired two ambulances to transport those with infectious diseases to the local sanitarium. Full-time emergency ambulance service began in 1888, with the provision of emergency ambulance service by the Toronto Police Force, which eventually operated four horse-drawn vehicles. Prior to these two municipal initiatives, ambulance service was provided for the young city by a variety of means, including both hospital-based and private companies. This 'broad spectrum' approach to service delivery would continue for more than ninety years.
Toronto may very well be able to claim to have the first formally trained 'ambulance attendants' in North America, with the Toronto Police Force ambulance service staff receiving five days of formal training in their jobs from the St. John Ambulance Brigade in 1889. Training included first aid skills, anatomy and physiology. Such training for ambulance attendants was unheard of at that time, outside of military circles. The police constables assigned to the ambulance also did regular policing, when not required for ambulance calls. As the city grew and technology progressed, so did the ambulance service. The first motorized ambulance was actually purchased by a local funeral home in 1911, and the Toronto Police Ambulance Service began the conversion from horse-drawn to motorized vehicles in 1913, with the process largely completed by 1918. Over the years, the two City of Toronto departments would have their services supplemented by more than 130 individual ambulance operators, most of them private companies, and in suburban areas by several of the tiny, local fire departments. The two municipal services would finally be merged in 1933, when the Toronto Police Department turned the operation of their ambulances over to the Department of Public Health, and ended their involvement in the City's ambulance service.
This service would grow again in 1953, as the result of the creation of the municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, dramatically expanding the required service area. Service would continue in this fashion until 1967, when the amalgamated City's suburban fire departments surrendered their ambulances, resulting in the evolution of the Department of Public Health Ambulance Service into the City-operated Department of Emergency Services (DES). Some private companies, and one operated by the provincial government, would continue to operate in 'Metro' Toronto until 1975, although with centralized dispatch services provided by DES.
The Metropolitan Toronto Department of Ambulance Services was created in 1975, and absorbed the five remaining private ambulance companies and single provincial service, providing a single, unified ambulance service in Metro Toronto. Known colloquially as "Metro Toronto Ambulance" or simply "Metro Ambulance" (although never its official name) the service provided ambulance services from 1975 to 1998.
Metropolitan Toronto was restructured during 1998, transforming it from a regional government overseeing six member municipalities into a single, unified city, and many municipal and regional services were restructured as a result. Metro Ambulance became Toronto Ambulance then Toronto Emergency Medical Services in order to reflect its evolving role from primarily a provider of medical transportation to an actual provider of medical care.
The service introduced its first paramedics in 1984 (although experiments in pre-hospital advanced life support actually began in 1969). Toronto EMS introduced many other innovations, including the concept of dedicated ground-based critical care transport ambulances, as well as many specialty support units described in this article, many of which were originally conceived and pioneered by the service.
As of April 2005, the departments and commissioners were replaced by divisions under the City Manager (and Deputy Managers). Toronto EMS now operates under the city's Emergency Medical Services Division. It is the largest municipal EMS operation in Canada.
On July 2014, Chief Paul Raftis announced that as part of a rebranding effort, Toronto EMS will change its name to Toronto Paramedic Services. The change follows a national trend and drive for the adoption of Paramedic as the publicly recognized title for prehospital emergency care providers. On October 1, the new name came to effect.
Uniforms.
Uniforms consist of:
Fleet.
Of the 242 vehicles in the Toronto Paramedic Services fleet, 150 are CMVSS / Ontario Standard Type III ambulances. Of these, approximately 100 are in service at any time on a typical, mid-week, day shift. These vehicles are currently supplied by Crestline Coach Ltd. . They are mounted on Chevrolet Express van chassis with boxes custom built by Crestline to suit the needs of the service. The department currently employs Chevrolet Tahoe SUVs for First Response and supervisory vehicles as well as an assortment of fully equipped but unmarked vehicles (Primarily Dodge Caravan and Ford Taurus) for senior management. Toronto Paramedic Services currently operates a fleet of custom built busses and equipment support vehicles for use during mass-casualty or large-scale events. Toronto Paramedic Services operates its own repair facilities, located at the service's Headquarters complex. All maintenance and repair work (with the exception of body work), and all equipment, radio, and medical electronics maintenance and repairs are performed on site by service staff.
Current fleet.
2006 Orion Vii
Historic/retired vehicles.
1
Staff.
Toronto Paramedic Services has 1,207 members including paramedics and other support staff. These are categorized as follows:
The total number of paramedics is 887.
Communications.
Toronto Paramedic Services operates its own Communications and System Control Centre (called a Central Ambulance Communications Center or CACC "Kaack"), including emergency medical dispatch, patient distribution and system oversight. Toronto Paramedic Services participates in the community-wide 9-1-1 system, and triages emergency calls using the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System. The system uses Computer-Aided Dispatch, including Tritech VisiCAD, augmented by PDS and Optima Live software and technology. The service utilizes a satellite-based Automatic Vehicle Locating system in order to ensure that the closest appropriate response resource is consistently sent to each emergency call; all emergency response resources are included. The service utilizes a 700 mHz P25 Phase II trunking radio system for dispatch purposes. The Control Centre has direct landline contact with the 9-1-1 Center, all other emergency services, all acute care hospitals, and all Paramedic Stations. The service utilizes “Language Line” service to provide instant simultaneous translation of emergency calls in more than 140 languages. Toronto Paramedic Services operates the largest EMS Communications Centre in Canada, which was recently accredited as an International Centre of Excellence by the International Academy of Emergency Dispatch.
Operations.
Service is provided to a residential population of approximately 3.2 million people, which rises to approximately 5 million on most business days.
Toronto Paramedic Services operates a total of 41 stations, geographically distributed across the of the City of Toronto. Emergency service headquarters (which is shared with Toronto Fire Services, but both services operate independently) is located at 4330 Dufferin Street in Toronto. This facility includes administrative offices, some education facilities, the Communications Centre, Fleet Maintenance, Planning and Operational Support, and Materials Management/Logistics.The service is supplemented by well-developed Paramedic Services in neighbouring communities on three sides, with Lake Ontario providing the southern boundary of the service area. Air ambulance operations are provided within the City of Toronto by Ornge, a privately owned air ambulance contractor, under contract to the Government of Ontario.
Based upon information provided by Toronto Paramedic Services, the service processed in excess of 535,000 calls through its Control Centre in 2007 (the most recent year for which complete data is available), resulting in 223,769 emergency calls being dispatched. Using the AMPDS system, which triages calls by severity for dispatch purposes, the actual dispatch volume by category for that same year was:
Ambulance Stations.
District 1 - Northwest.
The District 1 Hub is located at 01 Station (1300 Wilson Ave). The Northwest quadrant is bounded roughly by Steeles Avenue to the north, Eglinton Avenue to the south, Yonge Street to the east, and Highway 427 & Mississauga border to the west.
District 2 - Northeast.
The District 2 Hub is located at 20 Station (2430 Lawrence Ave E). The Northeast quadrant is bounded roughly by Steeles Avenue to the north, Eglinton Avenue to the south, the Scarborough-Pickering Townline and Rouge River to the east, and Yonge Street to the west.
District 3 - Southwest.
The District 3 Hub is located at 30 Station (100 Turnberry Ave). The Southwest quadrant is bounded roughly by Eglinton Avenue to the north, Lake Ontario to the south, Yonge Street to the east, and Etobicoke Creek to the west.
District 4 - Southeast.
The District 4 Hub is located at 42 Station (1535 Kingston Rd). The Southeast quadrant is bounded roughly by Eglinton Avenue to the north, Lake Ontario to the south and east, and Yonge Street to the west.
District 5 - Special Operations.
The District 5 Hub is located at 55 Station (5700 Bathurst St). District 5 has stations in multiple quadrants and is responsible for Toronto Paramedic Services’ special operations teams, which include: Response Units, Marine Unit, Critical Care Transport Unit (CCTU), CBRNE, ETF, Bike Unit, and Emergency Support Units.
Special operations.
In addition to regular operations, Toronto Paramedic Services staffs a Special Operations Division, tasked with the provision of Paramedic services in unusual circumstances. The elements of this unit include:
=Challenges=
As a result of how Canada's universal healthcare system is set up, hospital in-patient beds and Emergency Departments tend to be severely overcrowded, resulting in difficulties for paramedics transferring the care of their patients to hospital staff in a timely manner. Two- to four-hour delays in the transfer of care are commonplace, and six- to eight-hour delays are not unheard of. When this occurs, the service's ability to provide service to emergency calls in a timely manner will often degrade, because of decreased unit availability. Multiple stakeholders and various levels of government are currently seeking solutions to this problem, but have, so far, experienced only limited success.
The funding for Toronto Paramedic Services occurs as a result of a mixed formula, with fifty percent of funding coming from the municipal tax base and fifty percent from the provincial government. The funding of Toronto Paramedic Services is based upon its census population, not its business day population. As a result, there are always more people requiring EMS services than the system has been funded for.
Language barriers and cultural misperceptions in Toronto's multicultural landscape are commonplace for Toronto's paramedics. The service subscribes to Language Line, a simultaneous telephone-based translation service which operates in more than 140 languages. This service is used by Emergency Medical Dispatchers processing 9-1-1 calls, or by paramedics treating patients in the field, on a daily basis. The service also operates its own ethnocultural access program.
The 'Baby Boom' generation is aging. As it does so, all of those 'boomers' become net consumers of health care, driving up demand for services. Simultaneously, all of those 'boomers' employed by the service in the early 1970s are reaching the end of their careers and retiring. Since subsequent generations are typically much smaller, the service is experiencing difficulty in recruiting suitably trained replacement staff, just as demand for services is increasing.
Research.
Over the years, the presence of such a large system and call volume, along with a commitment to consistently capture high quality data, has permitted Toronto EMS to become a 'test-bed' for research projects involving both EMS and emergency medicine. This has resulted in a service which is extremely research-oriented and interested in outcome-based medicine. While this has provided any number of research opportunities for physicians and emergency medicine residents through the Toronto Base Hospital program, it has also permitted paramedics to function as supporting and as lead researchers, and in some cases, as the principal researcher of their own projects. All research conducted at Toronto EMS is pre-approved by the University of Toronto Research Ethics Committee, and the findings of research conducted at Toronto EMS, by both physicians and paramedics, has been published in respected, peer-reviewed, international journals.
Community involvement.
Toronto paramedics are heavily involved in various community programs and partnerships. Toronto's paramedics are active participants in the community which they serve. At the 'grass roots' level, Toronto's paramedics and EMDs fund a children's breakfast club, ensuring a nutritious breakfast for the children who live in several of the city's housing projects. Paramedics also participate in a variety of other events in the community, including their enthusiastic (and occasionally successful) participation in the dragon boat races staged annually by the city's Chinese community. As another little known fact of community involvement by paramedics, all of the floats in the city's annual Santa Claus Parade (one of North America's largest), are driven by volunteers from Toronto Paramedic Services, including both paramedics and a variety of other staff.
See also.
Paramedicine in Canada
Emergency Services in Toronto
Employee association


IPSC Japan

IPSC Japan is the Japanese association for practical shooting under the International Practical Shooting Confederation.


Toronto General Hospital

The Toronto General Hospital (TGH) is a major teaching hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the flagship campus of University Health Network (UHN). It is located in the Discovery District of Downtown Toronto along University Avenue's Hospital Row; it is directly north of The Hospital for Sick Children, across Gerrard Street West, and east of Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Mount Sinai Hospital. The hospital serves as a teaching hospital for the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. In 2019, "Newsweek" ranked TGH as seventh among the top-ten best hospitals in the world. In 2019, the hospital was ranked first for research in Canada by Research Infosource for the ninth consecutive year.
The emergency department now treats 28,065 persons each year, while the hospital also houses the major transplantation service for Ontario, performing heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, and small intestine, amongst others, for patients referred from all over Canada. The hospital is the largest organ transplant center in North America, performing 639 transplants in 2017. The hospital is also renowned for cardiac and thoracic surgery. The world's first single and double lung transplants were performed at TGH in 1983 and 1986 and the world's first valve-sparing aortic root replacement was done by Tirone David at Toronto General Hospital in 1992. The Lung Transplant program is currently the largest in the world, performing 167 lung transplants in 2017. In 2015, surgeons performed the world's first triple organ transplant (lung, liver and pancreas) in 19 year old Reid Wylie at Toronto General Hospital. TGH teaches resident physicians, nurses, and technicians; it also conducts research through the Toronto General Research Institute.
Currently, Sophie, Countess of Wessex, as a member of the Canadian Royal Family, is patron of the hospital.
History.
The hospital started as a small shed in the old town and was used as a British Army military hospital during the War of 1812, after which it was founded as a permanent institutionYork General Hospitalin 1829, at John and King Streets (now home to Bell Lightbox). In 1855 a new home for the hospital was built on the north side of Gerrard Street, east of Parliament, using a design by architect William Hay. In 1913, the hospital moved to College Street, near its current location, expanding and upgrading over the ensuing years. The 1913 structure, previously called the "College Wing", was eventually sold by the hospital, to become the home of the MaRS Discovery District after a new wing for the TGH was completed and opened in 2002.
Ajmera Transplant Centre.
Toronto General Hospital was the largest organ transplantation center in North America in 2017, performing 639 transplants in total.
Peter Munk Cardiac Centre.
Toronto General Hospital is the home of the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (PMCC), which is one of the largest open heart centers in Canada and is ranked first in Canada and in the top ten in North America for academic productivity. Many clinical firsts in cardiovascular care were performed at TGH. The center is named after Peter Munk, the founder and chairman of Barrick Gold corporation, who donated $100 million in 2017, the largest donation to a hospital in Canadian history. He donated a total of $175 million since 1993 to the hospital.
Research.
Toronto General Hospital has had many research achievements, including:


Gunnar B. Stickler

Gunnar B. Stickler (13 June 1925 – 4 November 2010) was a pediatrician who made substantial contributions to the field of pediatrics. He was the first scientist to describe a hereditary condition now known as Stickler syndrome.
Early life.
Gunnar B. Stickler was born June 13, 1925 in Peterskirchen, Germany and died on November 4, 2010 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. He attended the Wilhelmsgymnasium (Munich), Germany. Beginning in 1944, he studied medicine at the universities of Vienna, Erlangen and Munich. After graduation in 1949, he spent one year in clinical pathology and one in pathologic anatomy in Munich. In 1951 he emigrated to the US after being accepted for an internship at the Mountainside Hospital, Montclair, New Jersey and subsequently for a fellowship in pediatrics at the Mayo Clinic.
Career.
From 1953-56 he was a senior cancer research scientist at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York. In July 1958, he was appointed to the Staff of the Mayo Clinic in pediatrics. He was elected to the Society for Pediatric Research in 1962; he later served as the President of the Midwest Society for Pediatric Research. In 1967 he was named as an official examiner of the American Board of Pediatrics. He advanced in academic rank to Professor of Pediatrics in 1969; in November 1969 he was named Chair of the Section of Pediatrics. The Section was later named the Department of Pediatrics under Doctor Stickler's leadership in 1974 when Mayo Clinic combined the Sections of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, when the Chair of the Section of Pediatric Cardiology James DuShane retired. Under his leadership, the Department pursued the establishment a neonatal intensive care unit and an adolescent unit at Saint Marys Hospital as well as clerkships in the new Mayo Medical School. Doctor Stickler served on the Admissions Committee and the Medical School Coordinators Committee. Doctor Stickler also advanced primary pediatric care at Mayo Clinic as well as developed the subspecialty practices and pediatric research efforts at Mayo Clinic. He completed his term as Chair of the Department on March 31, 1980 and retired in the fall of 1989. He died unexpectedly at home from a stroke on November 4, 2010.
Stickler Syndrome.
In 1960, a twelve-year-old boy was examined at a Crippled Children Clinic in Faribault, Minnesota which at the time was staffed by members of the Mayo Clinic. The boy had bony enlargements of several joints and was extremely short sighted. His mother was totally blind. Dr Stickler discovered that there were other members of the family with similar symptoms. This prompted him to study the family. With colleagues he collaborated to define the condition, the results were published in June 1965. He tentatively named the condition hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy. Since the 1980s, this condition has become to be known as Stickler syndrome. Throughout the years that followed he worked with patient-support groups such as the U.S. support group, Stickler Involved People, to help improve awareness of the syndrome and the need for early and expert intervention.
Other Accomplishments.
Besides the landmark paper on hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy he has authored or co-authored some 200 scientific papers. He published a landmark paper published in "Pediatrics" in 1965 with Edward O'Connell and Robert Feldt on the importance of small head circumference and its association with mental retardation and short stature. He conducted a number of treatment trials of otitis media; this body of work eventually resulted in four publications and represented the first controlled treatment trial of otitis media in the United States. He has published extensively on pediatric nephrology, his chosen sub-speciality, and as well as a range of other pediatric problems from cyclic vomiting syndrome to parental worries.


Jaslok Hospital

Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre is a private hospital located in Mumbai was founded by philanthropist Seth Lokoomal Chanrai along with surgeon Shantilal Jamnadas Mehta. The hospital was formally inaugurated on 6 July 1973 by the erstwhile Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.
The hospital got substantial publicity in the late 1970s when Jayaprakash Narayan was admitted for treatment of kidney failure by the nephrologist M. K. Mani. Narayan died there in 1979.
In the early 1980s the laboratories run there by P. R. Krishnaswamy had the first fully automated Kontron biochemistry analyzers, an electron microscope and an aminoacid analyser.
The India's first recorded AID/HIV victim died at the hospital on 9 June 1986, after a fortnight's treatment.
The facility suffered during unrest led by trade unionist Datta Samant. On 17 October 1979, after severing the gas, water and telephone connections and crippling the labour force in the hospital, the management had to shift nearly 294 patients to other hospitals in the city. Dr Rindani, the then Medical Director, stood firm, The police were called in and a court injunction prohibiting assembly of the agitating workers was obtained. Samant had to back down for the first time in his brand of union activities.
Jaslok Hospital is located at Dr. G. Deshmukh Marg., Peddar Road, South Mumbai, overlooking the Arabian Sea.
The name "Jaslok" is a combination of the names of Seth Lokoomal and his wife, Jasotibai.


Ernst Viktor von Leyden

Ernst Viktor von Leyden (20 April 1832 – 5 October 1910) was a German internist from Danzig.
Biography.
He studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Institut in Berlin, and was a pupil of Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864) and Ludwig Traube (1818–1876). He was later a medical professor at the universities of Königsberg, Strassburg and Berlin. Leyden was an important influence to the career of Ludwig Edinger (1855–1918), and during his tenure at the University of Königsberg worked closely with Otto Spiegelberg (1830–1881) and Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen (1833–1910). Among his better known students and assistants were Hermann Nothnagel (1841–1905) at Königsberg and Hermann Ludwig Eichhorst (1849–1921) in Berlin.
In 1880, with Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs, he founded the "Zeitschrift für klinische Medizin"; in 1881 he founded the "Gesellschaft für innere Medizin". He treated Frederick III, German Emperor for his cancer of the larynx, though unsuccessfully, and in the 1890s (from 1894) he was a physician to Czar Alexander III of Russia. Upon Alexander's death in 1894, Von Leyden was awarded the Order of St. Anna, First Class, with Distinction, by his successor, Czar Nicholas II.
Von Leyden died in Berlin. The political philosopher Wolfgang von Leyden (1911-2004) was his grandson.
Von Leyden specialized in neurological diseases, and was also a leader in establishing proper hospital facilities for tuberculosis patients. He wrote articles on a wide array of medical topics, including works on tabes dorsalis and poliomyelitis. In 1887–99 he published the two-volume "Handbuch der Ernährungstherapie" (Textbook of Dietetic Therapy); second edition 1903–04.
Ernst von Leyden medal.
From time to time, the Ernst von Leyden commemoration medal is awarded for exceptional achievements in the field of internal medicine in Germany


Peel Memorial Centre for Integrated Health and Wellness

Peel Memorial Centre for Integrated Health and Wellness is a large ambulatory care facility located in central Brampton, Ontario, opened in 2017. Part of the William Osler Health System, it replaced the Peel Memorial Hospital, closed in 2007.
Peel Memorial Centre is funded by the Central West Local Health Integration Network (LHIN). The centre is the site of the former Peel Memorial Hospital.
On March 26, 2021 the provincial government announced plans to add an in patient wing (250 beds) to the facility and plans to upgrade the centre's status as a hospital (with emergency wing to be added later).


The Medical City Ortigas

The Medical City Ortigas is a tertiary care hospital in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the main hospital of The Medical City (TMC) which maintains a network of hospitals and clinics which are mostly based in the Philippines.
History.
The Medical City hospital in Ortigas opened as the ABM Sison Hospital in 1967 with a change of hospital management occurring in 1969. The health facility was renamed as "The Medical City" or TMC in 1975. The hospital moved to its current location in Ortigas in 2004.
The hospital was among several hospitals in Metro Manila which catered to COVID-19 patients during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in the Philippines with the facility exceeding capacity at one point. By April 2020, the hospital is already among the COVID-19 testing centers in the country.
Facilities.
The hospital's main facility is located on a 1.5-hectare property along Ortigas Avenue, almost within the business district of Ortigas Center in Pasig, Metro Manila. Composed of of floor space, it includes two Nursing Towers which can be fitted for up to 800 beds. The two towers are joined by a Podium, bridgeways, and a Medical Arts Tower. The 18 floors of the Medical Arts Tower house 280 doctors' clinics and select commercial spaces, while located within the six-floor Podium are diagnostic and intervention facilities, as well as support and administrative offices.
The hospital also has a three-level basement parking accommodation for over a thousand vehicles. The complex is also equipped with a broad range of security features, an advanced building management system, and biosafety features incorporated into sensitive patient areas.


National University Centre for Oral Health, Singapore


Rebecca Chan Chung

Rebecca Chan Chung (鍾陳可慰), professionally known as Rebecca Chan (陳可慰), (1920–2011) was a United States World War II veteran (nurse) with the Flying Tigers and the United States Army in China. As a nurse with the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC) during World War II, she flew over The Hump approximately fifty times. After World War II, she became a Nursing educator and a leader of the Nursing profession in Hong Kong. Her autobiography "Piloted to Serve" 飞虎战 驼峰险 乱世情 is available as a free eBook in Simplified Chinese at the following weblink.
http://www.cnac.org/rebeccachan_piloted_to_serve_01.pdf
Early life.
Birth and parents.
Rebecca Chan Chung was born in the David Gregg Hospital for Women & Children (also known as Yiji Hospital 柔濟醫院 located on Duo Bao Road 多寶路 in Guangzhou, China, during the Warlord Era. She was the second child of her parents. Her mother, Lee Sun Chau 周理信 (1890–1979), was one of the earliest Chinese female doctors of Western Medicine in China and was a resident physician in the David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children at the time of the birth of Rebecca Chan Chung. Her father, Po-Yin Chan (陳步賢) (1883–1965), was a revolutionary under Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and was a Senator of Guangzhou in the 1920s.
Schooling.
Rebecca Chan Chung graduated from St. Paul's Girls’ School (primary school, currently St. Paul's Co-educational College) in Hong Kong in 1933. In 1938, she graduated from Diocesan Girls' School (secondary school) in Hong Kong, when Miss H.D. Sawyer was the Headmistress.
Career.
Rebecca Chan Chung received her Nursing training administered by the Government of Hong Kong in Queen Mary Hospital (Hong Kong), Hong Kong, in 1938–1941. During the World War II Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941, she graduated in an emergency fashion, with her Certificate of Training issued by the Medical Department of the Government of Hong Kong on December 10. The certificate was signed by Principal Matron Alice Mary Davies and Director of Medical Services Sir Percy Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke.
During World War II in 1942–1943, Rebecca Chan Chung was a Nurse with the Flying Tigers and then the United States Army, both at or near Kunming Airport (currently Kunming Wujiaba International Airport), Kunming, China. She worked for doctor Fred Manget, who was under Claire Lee Chennault. In 1943–1944, as a flight stewardess (Nurse) with the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC), she flew over The Hump across the Himalayas between Calcutta, India, and Chongqing, China, approximately fifty times. These flights were dangerous because the propeller airplanes available at that time were unsuitable for flying at the needed heights. In 1942, Japan had cut off the Burma Road, so the Hump route became the only access to China. In 1943–1948, Rebecca Chan Chung was a flight stewardess, nurse and then head nurse with the China National Aviation Corporation based in Dum Dum Airport (currently Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport), Kolkata (or Calcutta), India, and after 1946 in Shanghai Longhua Airport, Shanghai, China. Her autobiography, "Piloted to Serve", provides details of her experience.
In 1963, while serving as a Sister Tutor (Nursing instructor) with the Government of Hong Kong, Rebecca Chan Chung studied in the College of Nursing in Melbourne, Australia, where she received a Sister Tutor Diploma. In Hong Kong, she headed the large nursing school of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals as its Sister Tutor-in-Charge from 1964 to 1975. In 1974, she became a Fellow of the College of Nursing, Australia.
Rebecca Chan Chung was appointed a member of the Hong Kong Nursing Board by Hong Kong Governor Sir Robert Black. She was made a member of the Hong Kong Midwifery Board by Hong Kong Governor Sir David Trench. In addition, she was elected and served as the President of the Hong Kong Association of Nurses and Midwives.
Marriage and family.
Husband.
Rebecca Chan Chung married Leslie Wah-Leung Chung (1917–2009) in Old Mission Church, Kolkata, India, on July 7, 1945. This day coincided with the July 7 Chinese National Day, chosen by the Government of China to remember the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 7, 1937. This Incident was instrumental in uniting the Chinese people to fight against the Japanese invasion in World War II.
Leslie Wah-Leung Chung was a member of Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (also known as Royal Hong Kong Regiment). While serving as a Gunner, he was wounded in action in Lei Yue Mun Fort in the Battle of Hong Kong (a part of World War II) in December 1941.
In August 1945, about 1.5 months after the wedding, Leslie Wah-Leung Chung left his bride and Calcutta to study Economics at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, United States. The newlyweds were thus separate for 3.5 years.
In Hong Kong in 1965–1968, Leslie Wah-Leung Chung was elected and served as the President of the Hong Kong Chinese Civil Servants’ Association. His most noteworthy contribution was the establishment of equal pay for men and women, including the right for married women to be permanent employees. Before this, the job status of a woman changed from permanent employee to temporary employee once she was married, thus losing the pension benefit. He also founded St. Mark's School (Hong Kong), and served as the Head of the Department of Commerce and Business Studies in Hong Kong Technical College (currently Hong Kong Polytechnic University). He was responsible for starting the accounting education in Hong Kong.
Rebecca Chan Chung and Leslie Wah-Leung spent their retirement years in Toronto, Canada. They were married for 64 years. Their combined military burial took place in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto, on Easter Saturday, April 7, 2012. Veterans of Canada, United States, and Hong Kong were present in the ceremony.
Daughter.
Deborah Chung (鍾端玲) is the second child of Rebecca Chan Chung and Leslie Wah-Leung Chung. She is a co-author of Rebecca Chan Chung's autobiography, "Piloted to Serve", and gives lectures on the subject. Deborah Chung is an American scientist and university professor who is best known for her invention of smart concrete.


St George Hospital, Mumbai

St George Hospital is a multispeciality hospital near the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT), in the Fort district of Mumbai. It was also known as the European General Hospital as it initially catered for European patients only.
It is currently part of the Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai & comes under the administration of its dean Dr.Pallavi Saple This is a free Hospital run by the Government of Maharashtra with around 460 beds capacity.
The hospital is also associated with the Grant Medical College and both undergraduate and postgraduate students attend clinical attachments at the Hospital.
There is a ward dedicated to seamen in the Hospital.
Mumbai's first dedicated Urology Unit was established in St George's Hospital in the early 1960s under the late Dr B J Colabawalla, who was also the founding Secretary of the Urological Society of India. Dr Tilak and Dr Gokarn later joined Dr Colabawala, and the Urology Unit grew to become the premier Urology referral centre in Mumbai, until similar units came up in King Edward Memorial Hospital, under Dr Karanjawala, and in Grant Medical College, under Dr Rao and Dr M H Kamat.


University of Iloilo

The PHINMA – University of Iloilo (colloquially referred simply to as UI) is a private university in Iloilo City, Philippines.
It was established in 1947 by the López family of Iloilo who founded the broadcasting giant ABS-CBN Corporation as Iloilo City Colleges. The university later was acquired by the business conglomerate group PHINMA Industries and its present operations and management has been controlled by the said company under its arm PHINMA Education Network.
The university offers basic education, tertiary and graduate academic programs in Business, Information Technology, Marine Engineering and Nautical Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Teacher Education, Pharmacy, Medical Technology, Nursing, Law and Criminology.
The Medical City-Iloilo is the university's affiliated hospital for the clinical training of its nursing and pharmacy students.
History.
The University of Iloilo started as the Iloilo City Colleges (ICC). It was established in June 1947 by the Hon. Fernando H. Lopez, past Vice President of the Philippines and then mayor of Iloilo City, who said that he was inspired by his wife Doña Mariquit and his brother Don Eugenio. Joining him were professionals and educators who shared in his vision of putting up a school for the poor and the middle class.
The first classes were held in makeshift buildings - quonset huts with nipa roofs, sawali and bamboo walls, and mud floors, as the country had just come out of World War II. There were two campuses: the Iloilo Unit, which housed the Colleges of Dentistry, Pharmacy, Commerce, Liberal Arts, Law and the High School Department; and the La Paz Unit where the Colleges of Normal Education, Engineering, and the High School and Elementary Departments were located.
Dr. Gabino Tabuñar served as the first President of the Iloilo City Colleges. Upon his resignation in 1954, Hon. Lopez, assumed the Presidency with Jose Jimoga-on, Sr. as controller and Miss Loreto J. Ledesma as Administrative Officer.
Over the next few years the school changed its course offerings and replaced dilapidated buildings. First to be constructed was the Don Benito Lopez Building, followed by the Don Fernando Lopez Hall as an annex to Doña Presentacion Lopez Building, which would be occupied by the Basic Education Department. In the main campus were erected the Doña Mariquit Lopez Building and the Don Eugenio Lopez Building. The Queen Theater in the latter was renovated to accommodate the University Auditorium on the second floor and the College of Law Library on the ground floor. The College of Law Building was constructed on the corner of Rizal and Iznart Streets, with the ground floor becoming the University Chapel.
Across the High School Department, on the corner of Mapa and Rizal Streets, rose the Doña Pacita Building.
In 1963, the Iloilo City colleges opened its Graduate School for the professional growth of teachers and administrators. Three years later the speech laboratories were put up for the undergraduate and the graduate language classes.
In 1966, the College of Agriculture was opened at Ungka, Pavia. Simultaneously, the College of Criminal Justice was opened in the main campus. The College of Agriculture was later phased out due to the decline in enrolment.
On December 17, 1968, Iloilo City Colleges was granted the university status and became the 32nd university in the Philippines.
In 1971, the university closed the doors of its high school in La Paz, commonly known as the University of Iloilo, La Paz Unit.
In 1972, the University Administration purchased the Philippine Women’s College in Jaro. This was converted into the Don Benito Lopez Hospital. In the main campus two buildings were later constructed to accommodate the initial enrollment for the College of Nursing. Courses like the Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and the Bachelor of Science in Social Work, which were then offered by the Philippine Women’s College, were transferred to the main campus. These courses and the Bachelor of Science in Psychology, which was offered in 1974, were included in the course offerings in the College of Arts and Sciences. The expansion of the College of Arts and Sciences led to the construction of the Science Building.
In June 1989, a three-story building was constructed behind the mini-park, connecting the Don Eugenio Lopez Building to the Don Benito Lopez Building.
In 1991, the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports acknowledged the University of Iloilo as an Excellent School for the College of Criminology, now the College of Criminal Justice. In March 1993, a certificate of recognition was awarded to the College of Criminology.
During the Academic year 1993-1994, the College of Education opened the Pre-School Education Program while the College of Arts and Sciences offered Mass Communication as another major in the Bachelor of Arts Program. The university mini-radio station was then constructed for the training of students majoring in Mass Communication.
On May 26, 1993, upon the death of Don Fernando, Hon. Alberto J. Lopez took over as President of the university.
On June 25, 1993, a month after the death of Don Fernando H. Lopez, the FHL Museum dedicated to his memory, was inaugurated. This became part of the University‘s Learning Resource Center.
In the same year, the Ungka Campus became the site of the Marine Engineering classrooms.
On September 1, 1993, the Colleges of Law, Arts and Sciences, and Education were granted Level II accreditation status by the PAASCU.
In June 1994, the University of Iloilo Graduate School offered the Master in Business Administration.
In 1998, the University of Iloilo Graduate School was granted CHED recognition for its Master in Public Administration Program.
In May 1999, the BS Marine Engineering of the College of Engineering passed the CHED evaluation for Maritime Education program.
In AY 2000-2001, the College of Engineering program was awarded the Certificate of Compliance with the requirements set forth by by the ABS Quality Evaluation Incorporated, applicable to the “Provision of Maritime Education in accordance with CHED Rules and STCW ’95 Convention.” In August 2005, the B.S. Marine Engineering program was granted government recognition.
The University created a Community Extension Program through its Community Extension Services Center (CESC), which would hold educational assistance, training, livelihood and environmental projects, tutorial services, and values-oriented classes. It later increased its community partners from two barangays to seven and adopted three schools. The CESC partnered with the ERDA Foundation, Department of Education, Bureau of Nonformal Education, the City Planning Office, ERDA-UNICEF, Australian Aid (AUSAID), the International Marinelife Alliance, and became a member of the Iloilo City Task Force on Child Labor.
In the second semester of AY 2002-2003, the College of Criminology launched the BS in Criminology-ETEEAP (Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program) as a CHED-NAPOLCOM deputized HEI. This BS in Criminology-ETEEAP is especially offered by the University of Iloilo to enable the regular members of the Philippine National Police (PNP) the opportunity to obtain college education. It is also open to regular members of the BJMP, BFP, P&PA, NBI, PPA, and members of government and private institutions with Criminology-related functions.
In 2008, the university was acquired by PHINMA. It became part of PEN or PHINMA Education Network in April 2009. Its sister schools are Araullo University, Cagayan de Oro College, and University of Pangasinan.
The old university seal.
The old seal of the University of Iloilo has twelve continuous undulating and well-defined convex curves, each representing the twelve schools and colleges that composed the institution at the time it was granted the University status on December 17, 1968. These were the (1) laboratory School Unit, (2) High School Unit (Day Class), (3) High School Unit (Evening Class), (4) College of Arts & Sciences, (5) College of Commerce and Accountancy, (6) College of Criminology, (7) College of Education, (8) College of Engineering, (9) College of Agriculture, (10)Department of Nursing, (11) College of Law, and (12) School of Graduate Studies. Each wave exerts a potent force in its respective field of endeavor, creating an individually progressive sense of movement. The reverse concave curves give the cohesive atmosphere and represent the flexibility to adjust to ever-changing conditions.
The word Excelsior is the institution's inspiring force. The right hands of a man and a woman represent action in a coeducation environment. The lighted torch stands for the means by which truth and knowledge is achieved, with Truth as the ultimate goal, of the search.
The two stars represent the Lopez brothers, Don Eugenio and Hon. Fernando Lopez, who both conceived this institution especially intended for the poor and the middle class. July 1, 1947 was its foundation year. A serif font was used to symbolize dignity. The colors green and gold are the University colors; the green symbolizing the youthful vigor of a young and growing institution and the gold, the enduring luster and splendor of the ideals for which its stands.
Academics.
University of Iloilo offers the following academic programs through its various academic units (list as of May 2014):
Notable people.
Notable people of the university include:


Kew Cottages

'Kew Cottages', Kew Children's Cottages and finally as Kew Residential Services is a decommissioned special development school and residential service located in Kew, an eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The Children's Cottages at Kew were first opened in 1887 as the "Idiot Ward" of Kew Asylum. Located on the asylum's grounds, the children's cottages were established to provide separate accommodation for child inmates who had previously been housed with adult patients. Although the Cottages only admitted children as patients, many of those children remained in residence at the Cottages as adults.
The function of the institution was to provide accommodation and educational instruction for intellectually disabled children. Some Wards of the State and other various "difficult" children were also admitted.
Shortly after opening, the Idiot Ward began functioning separately from the Kew Lunatic Asylum, and became known as the Kew Idiot Asylum from 1887 until c.1929. From 1929 they have been known as the "Children's Cottages, Kew" or alternatively "Kew Cottages Training Centre".
The institution was finally closed in July 2008, after the grounds were redeveloped from 2001 to October 2006.


Community Health Nurses Training College, Esiama

CHNTC Esiama is a nursing training college located at five minutes drive from the Esiama township on the Takoradi-elubo road. This college offers both certificate and diploma courses in community health nursing. The college has population of about seven hundred individuals, is a part of the ministry of health, and is regulated by the Nursing and Midwifery council of Ghana.


Herbert Maitland

Sir Herbert Lethington Maitland (12 November 1868 – 23 May 1923) was an Australian surgeon of the head and neck who was an early specialist in rhinoplasty.
Early life.
Bert Maitland was born at Surry Hills, New South Wales, the son of Duncan Mearns Maitland and Emily, née Dalgety. He attended Newington College (1883–1887) and went up to the University of Sydney in 1888 from whence he graduated as a Bachelor of Medicine and Chirurgery with first-class honours in 1892.
Medical career.
After graduation he became a resident medical officer at Sydney Hospital and in 1893 a senior R.M.O. The following year Maitland began private practice in Elizabeth Street, Sydney and in 1895 he was appointed an honorary assistant surgeon at Sydney. He was appointed to the senior staff in 1902 and lectured to Sydney Hospital nurses from 1900 until 1909. When Sydney Hospital became a clinical school in 1909, Maitland was the first lecturer in clinical surgery. He was a councillor of the local branch of the British Medical Association from 1904 until 1916 and president for two years after that. Maitland also served as consultant surgeon at the Crown Street Women's Hospital, South Sydney Women's Hospital and The Coast Hospital. During World War I, Maitland was a surgeon and temporary lieutenant-colonel in the Australian Army Medical Corps at the 4th Australian General Hospital, Randwick. In 1914 the Maitlands moved to a home and consulting rooms at 147 Macquarie Street, Sydney that is now a wing of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians headquarters. Two years later he became a director of Sydney Hospital and served on the house committee.
Sportsman.
Maitland played Rugby Union for Newtown and during the 1890s was a regular boxer in Sydney. He was Honorary Surgeon at Rushcutters Bay Stadium from 1908. He played cricket, swam and shot as well as being a noted angler, winning competitions in fly-casting and big-game fishing. Maitland was a skilful and expert angler who sailed from Sydney, Port Hacking and Port Stephens from 1906 to land tuna, kingfish and salmon. He is regarded as the father of game fishing in Australia.
Death.
Maitland died in his medical rooms of coronary artery disease. An impromptu mourning procession occurred when doctors, medical students and nurses from Sydney Hospital, and Sydney citizens walked from his home and congregated at Queen Victoria's statue near St James' Church. Survived by his wife, who later married Sir Frederick Edward French, and two sons, a third son had predeceased him, Maitland was buried in Waverley cemetery.


Smt. Shanti Devi School of Nursing

Smt. Shanti Devi School of Nursing is a nursing school located in the village of Saharanwas, Rewari district, India. It is recognised by the Indian Nursing Council.


Narmada Kidney Foundation

The Narmada Kidney Foundation was established in Mumbai, India in 1993, by Dr. Bharat V. Shah. Its aim is to support patients with renal problems, and to aid their families.
Its foundation was named after its founder's mother, Narmadaben Shah. "Life shared, life lived" is the Foundation's guiding principle.
Role.
Today, the Foundation is India's only Non-governmental organization that not only provides information about kidney diseases but also how they can be prevented from occurring.
The activities in which the organization is involved are prevention camps, regular educational programs, printing and publishing of education materials, subsidized rate medicines and cadaver transplantation promotion.
The Foundation's annual Transplant Games were first held in 2008; Donor’s Day has been celebrated every year since 1997, on 30 November.
Controversy.
In 2003, the Foundation was named in a story regarding the sale of donor kidneys. This is false.


Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Medical College, Churu

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Medical College, Churu is a full-fledged tertiary Medical college in Churu, Rajasthan. It was established in the year 2018. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). Nursing and para-medical courses are also offered. The college is affiliated to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences and is recognised by Medical Council of India. The selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test. D.B. general hospital, Churu and J.M.B. eye hospital, Churu are the associated hospitals with this college. The college has started its MBBS course from August 2018.
Courses.
Churu Medical College, Rajasthan undertakes education and training of students MBBS courses.


Peter Malone (mayor)

Peter Heywood Malone (22 March 1928 – 5 March 2006) was a New Zealand veterinary surgeon and politician. He served as Mayor of Nelson from 1980 to 1992.
Early life and family.
Malone was born in Dunedin on 22 March 1928. He was the son of Robert Austin Malone and Helen Fergusson (née Minnis). He was married twice: first to Cynthia Bevis Jones; and in 1971 to Patricia Joan Knapp. He had five sons from his first marriage.
Malone was the great-grandson of Robert Trimble, a 19th-century member of the New Zealand Parliament, and the great-great-grandson of Abel Heywood, who served as two separate terms as mayor of Manchester in the 1860s and 1870s. Malone was also the great-nephew of Lieutenant Colonel William George Malone, who commanded the Wellington Infantry Battalion at Gallipoli. The athlete, Liam Malone, is Peter Malone's grandson.
Malone was educated at Wellington College from 1941 to 1944, Victoria University College (1946–1947), the University of Otago (1948) and the University of Sydney. He graduated with a Bachelor of Veterinary Science.
Veterinarian.
From 1952 to 1957 Malone worked as a veterinary surgeon in Brightwater near Nelson, and from 1957 to 1986 in Nelson. He also served on the New Zealand Hydatids Council and took particular interest in bovine tuberculosis.
Malone owned a 1947 Auster JB1 Aiglet, ZK-BWH, and used it for access to the remotest parts of the Nelson District in what was probably New Zealand's first "flying vet" service.
Malone had initially leased the Auster from the Nelson Aero Club, but about 1960 bought it used it for the next 21 years. In 1981, when Mayor of Nelson, Malone donated the aircraft to the RNZAF Museum at Wigram.
Politics.
Malone was a National Party supporter and unsuccessfully stood in the 1963 and 1978 general elections and 1976 by-election as the National Party Nelson electorate candidate. He also stood in 1975 for the Tasman electorate.
In 1974 Malone was elected to the Nelson City Council and served as a Councillor from 1974 to 1980 and then as Mayor from 1980 to 1992.
Malone was appointed a justice of the peace in 1980, an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the veterinary profession, in the 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours, and a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to local government and the community, in the 2000 New Year Honours.
He was also Chair of the Network Tasman Trust from 1995 until 2005 when he was forced to quit after being diagnosed with a rare nerve disorder, trigeminal neuralgia. This is a condition where severe pain can be triggered by such simple actions as brushing your teeth or touching your face, or even a slight breeze. Malone was quoted as saying: "At its worst even trying to talk or eat is extremely painful, and the drugs to try and knock that so you can live reasonably leave you drugged, as it were."
Sport and death.
Malone played representative hockey and badminton. He died at Nelson on 5 March 2006.


Derek Freeman (politician)

Derek David Freeman (16 May 1924 – 2 February 2018) was an Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1973 to 1981 and from 1981 to 1984.
Freeman was born in Sydney. He attended Bellevue Hill Public School and Sydney Boys' High School in 1936-41, before studying dentistry at the University of Sydney, Toronto University and the Royal College of Dental Surgeons in Ontario. He served in the RAAF from 1945 to 1946. On 23 August 1950 he married Phyllis, with whom he had four daughters. He ran a private dental practice, but was a fellow of the International College of Dentists and the Royal Australian College of Dental Surgeons and a president of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Dental Association. In 1960 he joined the Liberal Party, and was Eastern Metropolitan Regional President in 1972.
He was chair of the Fluoride Committee of the Australian Dental Association launched in 1958. Given fluoride's proven significant impact on oral health, he spearheaded the campaign for its widespread adoption, and worked tirelessly over the next 15 years, addressing and educating scores of meetings, officials and the public on the benefits of this landmark public health initiative.
In 1973, Freeman was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council as a Liberal member. He served until his defeat at the 1981 state election, but was re-appointed later that year to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Fergus Darling. He left politics in 1984.
He was awarded the AM (Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia) in 1982 for his Service to Dentistry. He died in February 2018 at the age of 93.


Rozzano Locsin

Rozzano Locsin is a Filipino American Professor of Nursing at Tokushima University (Japan), a Professor Emeritus of Florida Atlantic University (United States), and a Visiting Professor at universities in Thailand, Uganda, and the Philippines.
Locsin authored "Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing: A Model for Practice, He" edited and co-authored three more books, including "A Contemporary Nursing Practice: The (Un)Bearable Weight of Knowing in Nursing".
Career.
Locsin was born in 1954 in the Philippines. A registered nurse, he is a native of Dumaguete City.
Locsin earned his Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Silliman University in 1976 and his MA in Nursing in 1978. He received his PhD in Nursing from the University of the Philippines in 1988.
In 1991, Locsin joined the Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, where he became a tenured Professor of Nursing. He is now a Professor Emeritus Locsin currents resides in Japan and serves as a professor of nursing at Tokushima University.
Academic career.
Through the Fulbright Scholar Award, Locsin developed the first masters program in nursing in Uganda while researching the phenomenon "waiting-to-know" and the lived experiences of persons exposed to patients who died of Ebola. With Mbarara University and the Fulbright Alumni Initiative Award, he established the first community-based University Nursing Education Program.
As a Fulbright Senior Specialist in Global and Public Health, Locsin led collaborative research studies advancing the development of models of nursing practice in Uganda, Thailand, and the Philippines. He maintains visiting and honorary professorial appointments in nursing in these countries.
"Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing: A Model for Practice".
Locsin's middle range nursing theory is an interesting discussion of the correlation between hands-on patient care and the use of technology. Technology is defined as anything that makes things efficient – from basic diagnostic technologies to therapeutic practices familiar to all nurses. Specifically, he discusses the importance of understanding the need for knowing “high-tech” instruments, e.g. monitors, implants, and devices, that are a part of patient care, as these will provide opportunities for the nurse to know the patient fully as person.
Locsin's work is obviously guided by the question asked by thoughtful nurses everywhere: How can I satisfactorily reconcile the idea of competent use of technology with the idea of caring in nursing? His theory significantly describes a practical understanding of the solution enriching the practice value of all of the general theories of nursing which are grounded in caring. Technological competency as caring in nursing informs nursing as a critical process of knowing persons’ wholeness. Locsin's theory book explores, clarifies, and advances the conception of technological competency as caring in nursing. His theory is essential to modeling a practice of nursing from the perspective of caring. It is a practical illumination of excellent nursing in a technological world.


Woodlands (New Westminster)

Woodlands or Woodlands School was a hospital in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada that served as a psychiatric hospital and later as a facility for children with a developmental disorder, as well as runaways and wards of the state. Many incidents of abuse took place there.
Woodlands opened in 1878 as the Provincial Lunatic Asylum. In 1897 the name was changed to The Provincial Hospital for the Insane. In 1950 the name was changed again to Woodlands School. Woodlands closed in 1996.
The site of the former school was also considered as a station on the Millennium Line portion of the Skytrain. However, plans to redevelop the site never materialized before the construction of the station, meaning that even though the tracks were built to accommodate the new station, it was never built. The neighborhood has since been renamed Victoria Hill, and is home to 1200 new homes.
After proposals to preserve Woodlands' Centre Block Tower were opposed by former residents, New Westminster council voted in July 2011 to demolish the tower.
Similar facilities elsewhere in British Columbia included Tranquille in Kamloops, Essondale or Riverview Hospital in Coquitlam, and Valleyview, also in Coquitlam.


Donald Duffy

Donald Grant Duffy (1 January 1915 – 16 January 1995) was an Australian doctor and surgeon. He served in the Australian Army in World War II and was a president of the Melbourne Football Club.
Early life.
Duffy was born in Mourilyan in northern Queensland on 1 January 1915, to Leontine Joseph Duffy and Bessie Rose Grant. Leontine was a manager of Australian Sugar. Donald was one of three children, all of whom ended up working in the field of medicine; his brother, Douglas, was a urologist and his sister, Dorothy, was a nurse.
Schooling.
Although born in Queensland, Duffy was educated at The Geelong College in Victoria. He then went on to study medicine at Ormond College, University of Melbourne, graduating with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 1938. Duffy achieved his Doctor of Medicine (MD), also from the University of Melbourne, in 1945.
World War II.
Duffy enlisted to the Australian Military Forces, the forerunner to the Australian Army Reserve, as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force, on 13 May 1940 in Caulfield, Victoria. He was posted to the 2/14 Battalion as the regimental medical officer. He served in the Middle East, Syria and New Guinea and in the Kokoda Track campaign, which was vital in stopping the Japanese invasion of Australia. In 1942 Duffy was promoted to the rank of major and on 23 December 1943 he was mentioned in dispatches, in the "London Gazette" and the "Commonwealth of Australia Gazette", for "Gallant & distinguished services S.W.P. Area". Duffy was discharged on 8 May 1946.
Medical career.
Once discharge from the Army, and having earned his MD the previous year, Duffy was awarded a Nuffield Dominion Travelling Fellowship, which took him to London, where he worked with Professor Clifford Wilson in experimental studies on hypertension and nephritis. After his fellowship, Duffy returned to Melbourne and worked at the Alfred Hospital, the Austin Hospital, and the Repatriation General Hospital, Heidelberg. He worked as a MacKeddie Research Fellow at the Baker Medical Research Institute for four years, where his work was concerned hypertension and renal disease.
Duffy became Sub-Dean and, later, Dean of the Clinical School, at the Alfred Hospital and was instrumental in obtaining funds for the first commercially built Renal Dialysis Unit used in the hospital. At the Austin Hospital, Duffy, along with Keith Bradley and Tom Patrick, was responsible for creating the Spinal Unit.
Duffy became a member of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP), upon receiving his MD in 1945 and he became a fellow of the RACP in 1954. He served on the Victorian State Committee of the RACP from 1958 to 1964. Duffy was also a member of the Australian Rheumatism Association, the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, and the Australasian Society of Nephrology.
Melbourne Football Club.
Duffy began his association with the Melbourne Football Club when he became the club's medical officer in 1951, a role which he kept for many years. He also served on the board of the club and, when long-serving president Sir Albert Chadwick stepped down in 1963, Duffy assumed the presidency. In his second season as president the Demons won their sixth premiership in ten seasons, all of which were coached by the legendary Norm Smith, but their first under Duffy's presidency. This was, however, to be the peak of Duffy's 12 years as president, with arguably the lowest moment coming only a year later. Having lost star player Ron Barassi during the off-season and many other premiership players retiring, the Demons were not the team they once were, though they still won the first eight games of the season. However, in round 9 Melbourne lost to St Kilda by ten goals, which was the worst loss of Smith's coaching career and when the Demons then lost two of their next three games Duffy and his board made the decision to sack Smith, who later went on to be named AFL Coach of the Century. This caused a sensation, occupying the front and back pages of one of Melbourne's main newspapers, "The Sun News-Pictorial", and occupying the first three pages of the other, "The Age". After a severe public backlash to the decision, Smith was reinstated as coach by the board the very next day, which was again front-page news. Smith and Duffy were pictured, shaking hands, and Smith declared that "I think we will see Melbourne more united than ever". This was not to be the case as the Demons did not make the finals again until 1987 and they have not won a premiership since. Duffy resigned as president at the end of 1974, and was succeeded by John Mitchell.
Duffy also served on the committee of the Melbourne Cricket Club. Nominated by Ivor Warne-Smith, Duffy was elected to the committee on 26 August 1960 and, after 26 years of service, resigned on 1 January 1987.
Personal life.
Described as a "tall, handsome and athletic man", Duffy married Mary Hazel Colebatch on 26 June 1943. Mary was a physiotherapist who served overseas with the Australian military forces during World War II and the sister of prominent paediatrician, John Colebatch. The Duffys had five children:
Duffy's hobbies included squash, bush walking and surfing.
Duffy died on 16 January 1995, from cerebral metastases, aged 80.


Terry White Chemmart

TerryWhite Chemmart is an Australian pharmacy retailer owned by the Terry White Group.
History.
Terry and Rhonda White opened their first pharmacy in Woody Point, Queensland in 1959. Their network of owned pharmacies grew steadily over the years, with the brand becoming well-known and respected in community pharmacy in South East Queensland. In 1994, they established one of the first pharmacy franchises in Australia, providing a comprehensive range of services to franchisees based on their successful retail pharmacy model.
The Terry White Chemists franchise network continued to grow over the next 11 years and, in 2015, the Group became the parent company of the Chemplus brand. This took the total number of franchised pharmacies within the Terry White Group to 225.
In August 2016, the Terry White Group announced a merger with Chemmart, which created a pharmacy chain with over 500 stores nationally and an annual turnover of A$2 billion. All stores have since been rebranded under the new combined chain with a new name, logo and branding. Since the merger, Terry White Chemmart is now the largest pharmacy group in Australia.
Controversy.
On 1 December 2016, Terry White Chemists came under fire, after a single franchisee (who is at liberty "stock and sell products at their discretion"), displayed golliwogs underneath a sign reading “Experience a White Christmas”; presumably a pun referring both to the name Terry White Chemists and the popular phrase White Christmas. The alarm about the golliwog dolls was raised when Toowoomba man George Helon spotted the dolls placed beneath the sign and posted a picture of it on Facebook and Twitter.
Australian Aboriginal activist, author and filmmaker Stephen Hagan described Toowoomba as the "most racist city in Australia". Terry White Chemists subsequently banned the sale of such dolls from sale from any franchise nationwide, and the franchisee "unreservedly apologised" for the "regrettable error".