Michael Townley (politician)

Michael Townley (born 4 November 1934) is a former Tasmanian senator. He served both as an Independent and as a Liberal Party of Australia senator.
Townley was elected as an Independent Tasmanian Senator at the 1970 Half Senate election and the 1974 Double Dissolution Election.
In February 1975 he joined the Liberal party. This increased the Coalition's numbers in the Senate from 29 to 30 out of 60, and so was a factor in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis.
He remained a Liberal senator until his retirement at the 1987 Australian federal election.
Early life.
Townley was born on 4 November 1934 in Hobart, Tasmania. He was the son of Winifred (née Jones) and Rex Townley. His father, a pharmacist by profession, was elected to state parliament in 1946 and was the state Liberal leader in the early 1950s. His uncle Athol was a federal MP and held ministerial office in the Menzies Government.
Townley was educated at state schools in Sassafras and Kingston, the Friends' School, and Hobart High School. He graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1956 with a degree in engineering, later studying radio astronomy in Canada at the University of Toronto for two years. On his return he completed a diploma in pharmacy at Hobart Technical College and was registered as a pharmacist in 1964. By 1968 Townley was operating three pharmacies and was also the major shareholder in a pharmaceutical company distributing medicines under his own brand. He became a public figure in Tasmania as the "Chemist of the Air", making regular radio appearances and appearing weekly on TNT (broadcasting to northern Tasmania) and twice weekly on TVT (broadcasting to southern Tasmania).
Politics.
Townley was approached to stand as the Liberal candidate at the 1964 Denison by-election, following his uncle's death in office, but declined for business reasons. In 1968 he was defeated for party preselection in Denison by Robert Solomon. Townley subsequently decided to contest the 1969 federal election as an unendorsed Liberal, narrowly losing to Solomon. He remained president of the party's Lenah Valley branch until December 1969, when he resigned to pre-empt a no-confidence motion.
In May 1970, Townley announced he would contest the 1970 half-Senate election as an independent, after being rejected from the Liberal ticket by the state executive. He did not immediately resign his membership of the party. He was elected with 13.8 percent of the first-preference votes to a term beginning on 1 July 1971. He sat on the Senate crossbench with the five Democratic Labor Party (DLP) senators and two other independents, Syd Negus and Reg Turnbull.
Following a double dissolution, Townley was re-elected at the 1974 election with 5.6 percent of the vote, assisted by the lower quotas in place. He initially shared the balance of power in the Senate with Steele Hall of the Liberal Movement, but on 11 February 1975 he joined the parliamentary Liberal Party.
Townley resigned from the Liberal Party on 5 June 1987, anticipating that he would be demoted to an "unwinnable" spot on the party's ticket at the next federal election. He attributed this to his public support of Andrew Peacock against the incumbent party leader John Howard.
Personal life.
Townley obtained a private pilot's licence at a young age and also trained with the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) as a national serviceman. In July 1975 his aircraft was badly damaged following an aborted takeoff in Grovedale, Victoria, although he and his two passengers were injured.


James Fitzpatrick (Australia)

James Fitzpatrick is an Australian medical science student at the University of New South Wales notable for his advocacy of rural and indigenous health issues. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of New England graduating with a Bachelor of Science in 1997. For his volunteer work concerning suicide and health of Australian youth, he received the 2001 Young Australian of the Year Award. He was born on 26 February 1975.


Devendra Singh

Devendra Singh (January 12, 1938 – May 18, 2010) was a professor of Psychology at the University of Texas, known largely for his research regarding the evolutionary significance of human attraction.
Biography.
Singh was born in 1938 in Urai, India. Having first taken degrees in philosophy and psychology (Agra University), he completed his PhD at Ohio State University in 1966. Singh took up teaching positions at Wright State University and North Dakota State University before moving to the University of Texas at Austin in 1969.
A pioneer in the field of evolutionary psychology, Singh's most notable research concerned the evolutionary significance of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). In 1993, he was the first to elucidate the concept and significance of this ratio as an indicator of attractiveness. In brief, Singh discovered that men rated women with low WHR (0.7) as optimally attractive, noting that lower levels of WHR correlated to lower risk of disease and greater fertility. Subsequent research demonstrated the cross-cultural and cross-temporal appeal of a low WHR. One of his final research papers on the topic of WHR found that the "hourglass figure" (optimal WHR) activates brain centers that drive appetitive sociality/attention toward females that represent the highest-quality reproductive partners.
Although principally affiliated with the field of evolutionary psychology, his other research pursuits included substance abuse, obesity, eating disorders, motivation, and the psychology of sex.


Indian Dental Association

Indian Dental Association (IDA) represents dental professionals in India. Established in 1946, The association currently has more than 75,000 members, 500 local branches, 29 state branches and 9 Union Territory branches and 1 Defence branch across India. The professional association is committed to public oral health, ethics, science and advancement of dental professionals through its initiatives in advocacy, education, research and development of standards.
Overview.
Indian Dental Association was founded in 1946 by Dr. Rafiuddin Ahmed, also known as the ‘Father of Dentistry’ in India. He serves two terms as the President of the association while actively handling prime duties and responsibilities. Initially, the association was called "All India Dental Association" but was later renamed as "Indian Dental Association", as it is known today.
The State Branch has its jurisdiction within the state territory and covers all members of the State or Union Territory. Every state branch acts as the coordinating link between the Head Office and local branches. It oversees the functions and activities of its local branches.
IDA members include dental professionals, dental students, and affiliates.
The organisation focuses on public oral health through various IDA Health Initiatives and National Oral Health Programme.
The Association's official publication is the Journal of the Indian Dental Association, along with other publications like Clinical Dentistry, IDA Times, Oral Health, Product Profile, Dental Events, and Student Digest.
Indian Dental Association also focuses on educational programs to advocate, promote, and encourage continuing dental education by enhancing the knowledge and skills of dental professionals.
Advocacy.
The association is the voice of dental professionals that advocates 'optimal health for all' before the government and for policymakers. The association represents Indian dentistry, defending sound science and fair dealings on behalf of patients and the profession.


Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial College, Wardha

Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha is a 31 year old, full-fledged medical college with a dedicated 1850 bedded hospital (Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital & Shalinitai Meghe Superspeciality Centre & Late Siddharth Gupta Memorial Cancer Hospital) in Wardha, Maharashtra. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) since 1990. It is recognised by the Medical Council of India and is affiliated to Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DMIMS), deemed to be university.
SELECTION:
Selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through the National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 250.
COURSES:
The college also provides post graduation degree (M.D. & M.S.) in all specialities including Medicine, Surgery, Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Obstetric & Gynaecology, E.N.T., Orthopaedics, Radio Diagnosis, Ophthalmology, Emergency Medicine, Skin & VD, Psychiatry, Pathology etc and Super Speciality Degrees (D.M. & MCh) in Cardiac Anesthesia, Neuro Anesthesia, Neuro Surgery, Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Gastroenterology etc.
CAMPUS & HOSPITAL FACILITIES:
The Campus is spread across 125 acres with a dedicated Central Laboratory, 24 X 7 Blood Bank, Primary ABVRH (Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hopital with 1400 beds, A dedicated Superspeciality Centre (Shalinitai Meghe Superspeciality Centre) with 350 Beds & a dedicated Cancer Hospital (Late. Siddharth Gupta Memorial Hospital) with 100 Beds. There is Separate Accommodation (8 Hostels) for Boys & Girls including Apartment facilities for Post Graduation Students (Meghe Heights 1, 2, 3 & 4) with facility for 1 & 2 BHK.
AMENITIES:
The Various in campus Amenities & Facilities include A massive Swimming Pool, Fitness Centre (Health Club), Open Gymnasium, Jogging Track, A Cricket & Football Stadium, Dedicated Basket Ball court, Tennis & Badminton Courts, A dedicated in campus Food Court, Open Restro Cafe, Separate dedicated Research Centre, A massive Auditorium, Guest House facilities for Parents & Guardian, a dedicated Central Library (with External Reading room facilitie) & Mortuary with Post Mortem facilities.
References.
City - Wardha, (State-Maharashtra) is around 700 km far from Pune, Maharashtra.


University Hospital Waterford

University Hospital Waterford () is a teaching hospital located in Waterford, County Waterford, Ireland. It is managed by South/Southwest Hospital Group.
History.
The hospital has its origins in the Ardkeen Chest Hospital which was established in 1952. After services had been transferred from St. Patrick's Hospital, Waterford in 1959, the chest hospital developed into a general hospital known as Waterford Regional Hospital. New facilities including a new accident and emergency department, a new neonatal unit and a new CT scanning unit were officially opened by James Reilly, Minister of Health, in May 2014. The hospital was renamed University Hospital Waterford at that time.
In April 2019, it was claimed that bodies had been 'left to decompose' on trolleys at the hospital.
In 2016 local businessman Matt Shanahan began a campaign to improve UHW cardiology services with a second cath lab and 24/7 percutaneous coronary intervention capability. It was the main plank of his successful election campaigns as an independent candidate in the 2019 local election and the 2020 general election.
Services.
The hospital provides 429 beds, of which 71 are reserved for acute day cases. A further 45 beds are for psychiatric services. University College Cork is its primary academic partner, and it is also affiliated with the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Waterford Institute of Technology.


State Mental Health Institute

State Mental Health Institute is a psychiatric hospital based in Uttarakhand, India. It provides services to patients from Uttarakhand as well as adjoining states such as Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. The hospital's outpatient arm treats more than 10,000 patients per year. There are 30 beds for inpatient psychiatric admissions. It is situated in Selaqui, a part of Dehradun, Uttarakhand at National highway 72 about 25 km from main city towards Paonta Sahib.
Controversy and criticisms.
Allegations of neglect of patients.
In 2012, "Gharwal Post" reported that psychiatric patients were neglected by the hospital staff. The newspaper alleged that there was only one psychiatrist to attend to the thousands of out-patients as well as all the 30 in-patients who are admitted at a time. It also stated that this figure remained the unchanged for 4 years and the quality of care was further decreased due to the housing of involuntary patients who are usually uncooperative.
In 2013, "Times of India" journalist Tarun Vijay visited the hospital and wrote about the conditions in his blog. He reported that the hospital was in a dilapidated condition, under-staffed and most hospital equipments were non-functional.
This institute has two psychiatrists nowadays and two medical officers. Administration is supervised by chief medical superintendent. Both psychiatrists are having experience of over ten years in their field. Institute has already proposed to increase its bed strength to 100.


Noxxon Pharma

Noxxon Pharma is a biotechnology company founded in 1997 in Berlin, Germany and is focused on improving cancer treatment by targeting the tumor microenvironment. Noxxon Pharma N.V. is listed on Euronext Growth Paris (ALNOX). The company is a member of the German Association of Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies, Verband forschender Arzneimittelhersteller (vfa).
Noxxon Pharma develops drugs using technology yielding -RNA molecules, which are of mirror-image configuration compared to natural occurring -RNA molecules. The company calls these agents Spiegelmers, from "Spiegel", the German word for "mirror."
The L-RNA are resistant to the natural RNA nuclease enzymes.
Products.
While no Spiegelmer is on the market yet, some candidates are in clinical trials.
A Spiegelmer (NOX-A12, olaptesed pegol) is under development as a combination therapy for a number of cancer indications. NOX-A12 targets CXCL12 (C-X-C Chemokine Ligand 12), a key chemokine protein. Favorable results were reported in October, 2018 during the 4th CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference in New York, NY, USA.
A different Spiegelmer (NOX-E36, emapticap pegol) has been tested for the treatment of a progressive kidney disease in diabetics, Diabetic nephropathy. Favorable results were reported in June, 2014 in a company press release. NOX-E36 targets MCP-1, also called CCL2.
A third Spiegelmer (NOX-H94, lexaptepid pegol) has been in a clinical trial for the treatment of Anemia of chronic disease.


Rydalmere Hospital

Rydalmere Hospital is a heritage-listed former orphanage, psychiatric hospital and now university campus at 171 Victoria Road, Rydalmere, in the City of Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was formerly known as the Female Orphan School and Protestant Orphan School. It is now the Parramatta South Campus of the Western Sydney University. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
History.
When the Rose Hill settlement (Parramatta) was formed Surgeon Thomas Arndell became its resident medical officer. For this service he was granted 60 acres on 16 July 1792. The property was known as Arthur's Hill. This grant was later encompassed by the Orphan School allotment. Arndell established a hut and set about cultivating the land. The combination of poor land and natural disaster (bushfires) may have led Arndell to centre his interests on his Hawkesbury properties at Cattai Creek. As compensation, a site at Baulkham Hills was given to Arndell so that it likely that the Arthur's Hill site was resumed by the Crown rather than sold.
By 1800, it appears that the site had already been selected as the future location of a new orphan institute. Again in 1810 the site was selected for orphanage use. The first plans for the Parramatta Girls' Orphanage were almost certainly prepared by French settler Francis Barrallier. He spent three years in the colony from 1800-1803, as explorer, cartographer, ensign, artillery officer and engineer, aide-de-camp to Governor King, architect and ship designer.
In 1810 tenders for building were called for a Female Orphan School.
1813-1850 Female Orphan School.
The foundation stone for the original Female Orphan School was laid by Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1813 and construction finished in 1818. The design of the school is likely to have been supplied by Elizabeth Macquarie based on her remembrance of a gentleman's residence, Airds House in Scotland.
Access to the school was gained from the river by means of a stone jetty and ramped gravel drive that cut into the steep slope. Vehicular entry was from Orphan School Lane (now James Ruse Drive). It terminated on a loop laid out on the upper slopes of the hill. This loop is unlikely to have been the current carriage loop which was probably created in the 1840s or 1850s. The buildings encompassed a central three storey block surrounded on the east and west by two single wings linked to the main building. Francis Greenway was asked to submit plans to rectify serious building and joinery faults.
Work on the new facilities commenced in 1820 although the first extensions to the eastern and western wings may have been completed prior to that time. By 1826 the garden was said to consist of six acres and was well stocked with vegetables. However the structures and facilities experienced serious problems. A programme of work was undertaken to repair brickwork and drainage and new verandahs were built. An inspection of the water supply and sewerage were targeted for criticism. John Busby recommended the construction of a pump in the well with a barrel drain to be built to carry the water to the privies. At the same time serious faults were also being found in the administration and care of the orphanage.
During 1829 a new kitchen and store room was constructed. More additions and renovations were made during 1830 and 1831 including rectification of the poor water, sewerage and drainage of the school.
In 1833 the Church and School Lands Corporation was abolished and in the following year the Orphan School became an establishment managed by the state. During the 1830s and 1840s the surrounds were improved through visual contributions such as ornamental flower gardens, shrubs and trees. Plants were also sent from the Royal Botanical Gardens.
Until this time the Male Orphanage operated first at Sydney and then in Cabramatta. Rising costs, fewer children at the two institutions and the distance of the boys' school from Sydney led to the amalgamation of the two orphanages at Rydalmere in 1850. Although they shared the same site, the two schools remained separate and facilities such as bathrooms, dining rooms, school rooms and playgrounds were all replicated and clearly separated.
1850-1887 Protestant Orphan School.
From 1850-1887 Protestant Orphan School developed immediately north of the Female Orphan School. It was not until 1854 that the hospital, the first purpose built structure for the combined orphanage, was added to the site. A report from the Inspector of Public Charities in 1865 found Rydalmere to be in need of great repair. Ceilings were falling down, floors had given way, skirtings were dirty and the whole place shabby for want of repainting and replastering. In 1868 a new kitchen was constructed and by 1870 a meat shed was attached to its northern side.
During 1870 an extensive programme of additions and renovations was carried out. The hospital gained a verandah on its southern facade and a new bathroom and the west wing a "new" dining room, boys' bathroom and laundry. Another laundry was added to the site. Two shelter sheds were moved to a new location and over their former sites was built the new school building which, in 1877, was described as a "model" building. The Master's residence may have been built at this time. It is shown complete in photographs of 1880. Many other changes and alterations were made to the site during this time.
The west wing housed most of the facilities for the boys' department including dormitories and attendants' rooms in the original section of the building, a dining room in the first extension and the Matron's kitchen and pantry at the rear of the wing. A verandah connected the latter with the main building.
The east wing was largely devoted to the girls' department which had its dining room on the ground floor of the first extension and dormitories above. The original section of this building was used as a servant's dining room, two store rooms and a scullery on the ground floor with an internal connecting stair to the upper floor. The infants' nursery was housed on the ground floor of the most northerly extension of this wing. It had a water closet in the north-western corner and an internal staircase in the south-western corner.
These extensive structural works were complemented by improvements made to the landscape. In 1870 twenty figs ("Ficus" spp.) and twenty pines ("Pinus" spp.) were sent to the school from the Royal Botanic Gardens. By this time, a circular carriage loop and gravel drive had been constructed in the foreground of the main entrance. A forty-bed dormitory was constructed on the south-west corner of the western wing during 1882.
Throughout the operational period of the combined orphanage great changes had been made in government policy for both the education and social welfare for destitute children. During the 1870s integration of orphans into the community at large, particularly through means of "boarding out" with foster parents began to be favoured over the austere environment of the "barrack" system used at Rydalmere. In 1882 Henry Parkes moved the passage of the State Children Relief Act. Amongst other provisions this Act created the State Children's Relief Board, inaugurated in 1882. This Board was formed with a specific mandate to foster children within the community. By 1886 in response to these political, administrative and philosophical changes there were only sixty-five children left in the Combined Orphanage at Rydalmere.
1888-1987 Rydalmere Psychiatric Hospital.
In 1888 the site was transferred to the Department of Lunacy. The former school then became a branch of the Parramatta Hospital for the Insane.
The formal geometric layout of the working gardens was retained when the site became a psychiatric hospital in 1888. In contrast, the ornamental gardens were re-laid to reflect the more informal designs currently in vogue. This hospital took over the Orphan School complex, growing to the north-east and north in an unusual "village" arrangement of buildings, curved around a green, and what is called the "1900 Ward Range precinct". The period is associated with Walter Liberty Vernon, NSW Government Architect and health care advocates Frederick Manning and Dr Greenup.
When the old orphanage buildings were handed over they were found in be in a bad state. Immediately thirty patients were moved in to prevent further dilapidation and to commence tidying the site. Works carried out on the older structures included the alteration of the school house by infilling the verandahs and the construction of a new verandah in their place. Extensions were made to the old east and west wings and were both used for wards.
The former bakery was used for ward accommodation. A second storey was added to the Master's residence which was then used to house the new Superintendent.
In 1891 the site was granted independent status and renamed Rydalmere Hospital for the Insane. In 1895 a new boat shed and landing stage located on the main north-south axis of the central block was constructed. A Chief Attendant's Cottage was built on the slope leading down to the river frontage in the same year and a path ran from the cottage down to link up with the drive from the jetty and boatshed.
In 1895 the first female patients were admitted to the site. They were housed in purpose built wards constructed for them away from the former orphanage buildings. These new wards expressed evolving theories of patient care and needs.
Development of a new style of landscape emphasised the different nature of the hospital use, particularly towards the northern sections of the study area. Many of the new paths, bridges and plantations emphasised the new alignment away from the traditional visual linkages to the river. In 1893 and 1896 the Royal Botanic Gardens sent trees and shrubs for planting at the hospital site.
In 1905 a new stair block was added to the central block to coincide with the removal of the internal staircases to allow for more space for wards. The connecting passageways to the wings were altered to become two storey, topped by stone balustrades. A second storey was added in two stages to the former school block at this time. A water closet and verandahs were added to the buildings in 1907 and stair and toilet block to the east wing in the same year.
In 1909 a ward was built to adjoin the former Drill Master's residence. This was linked by a wall to a new two storey extension that replaced the former single storey matron's kitchen at the back of the old west wing.
After World War I resources were primarily spent on upgrading existing facilities and services, particularly sanitation and safety features, for example fire stairs. Electricity was brought to the site during this period.
By 1924 the site was considered to be antiquated in terms of contemporary management of mental hospitals. The former hospital was extensively remodelled in 1926 and a verandah and balcony were added to it in 1938. Additions were made to the Master's residence and Chief Attendant's cottage in 1926.8
Symmetrical and formalised plantation design was expressed again in the inter-war period with the replacement of the federation period flower gardens and shrubs with grassed areas and Jacaranda trees and Camphor laurels.
Post World War II facilities were significantly expanded at Rydalmere in line with changing philosophies of patient care and accommodation. Existing facilities were upgraded or new structures created to take the place of older buildings that were too outmoded to update. Service aspects such as kitchens, factories, substations and workshops were generally located to the north and new administrative and recreational facilities in the centre of the site.
During the 1950s and 1960s additions and alterations were made to some buildings which considerably changed their form and appearance. A day room and ramp was constructed at the corner of the former hospital in 1949. A porch was later added in 1957. The entire southern facade was virtually obscured by the construction of a ward in 1959.
The central building was closed in 1969. Other buildings continued to be used but for storage and minor requirements such as a handyman's store.
During the 1960s and 1970s further planting of a more informal nature was undertaken throughout the hospital grounds. These plantings are particularly represented by a mixture of native plants, principally along the western boundary and partly to the northern boundary of the precinct.
Over the years following 1985 the south campus at Rydalmere was progressively closed. The existing environment both built and vegetated now exhibits a sense of decay.
1993-present Western Sydney University campus.
The Parramatta South Campus of UWS was established on the site from 1993. In March 1998 UWS opened classrooms to students. Conservation works and adaptive reuse of parts of the complex have been undertaken by UWS for educational use. New buildings including the auditorium, library and student union have been added and in 2007 some heritage buildings required urgent remediation work.
The Female Orphan School has housed the University Executive administration and the Whitlam Institute since 2000. In June 2012 Prime Minister Gillard announced $7m in federal funding to complete restoration of the Female Orphan School and the Whitlam Institute.
Description.
The Rydalmere Hospital area is bounded by Victoria Road to the north, James Ruse Drive to the west, Vineyard Creek to the east and Parramatta River to the South. This area contains a significant number of buildings, landscape features, archaeological sites, natural areas, gardens and vistas.
The original building is a fine symmetrically balanced composition with projecting central bay capped by a simple triangular pediment. It was designed in the Colonial Georgian style and constructed in face sandstock brickwork with sandstone window sills, quoins and string courses. When viewed from the south the principal elevation, which faces towards the Parramatta River is flanked with Palladian style two storey pavilions connected to the central building by two storey wings. The pavilions, which stand forward of the centre, were originally almost square in plan but were subsequently extended to the north in at least two different stages. The early hipped roofs were replaced by brickwork gables and projecting barges.
The Mortuary is a fine example of the Federation Free Style. It has a simple rectangular plan and hipped, ventilated slate roof which is topped by a finely detailed zinc lantern with an oriental character.
The original Orphanage hospital from the 1860s was built as a two-storey domestic style building with two storey verandahs on three elevations. Verandahs later enclosed and interiors gutted to form single open spaces.
The former Head Master's Residence is a large two storey Victorian house with extended rear additions containing service rooms.
The former Chief Attendant's Cottage is a small single storey house. It is clad in horizontal timber weatherboards and has a terra cotta tile roof.
The boatshed is a small single storey timber framed building. It is notable for the external timber stud framing and diagonal bracing supporting a gabled roof with slate covering.
The physical condition of the site was reported as poor as at 28 July 1997, prior to restoration work by the University of Western Sydney. The archaeological potential was regarded as medium.
Heritage listing.
The Female Orphan School Precinct as a component of the former Rydalmere Hospital is of outstanding cultural significance, primarily for its continued use and development, between 1813 and 1989 as a public welfare institution for the care and management of the disadvantaged.
As the first purpose built orphan school in the colony, it illustrates a milestone in the establishment of national social welfare and education policies.
The surviving original buildings, constructed between 1813 and 1818, provide evidence of the development policies of Governor Macquarie and illustrates the transfer of 18th century British architectural pretensions into the design and siting of functional buildings in New South Wales. The extant central block is the oldest three storey building in Australia.
The site as a whole, and particularly the Orphan School precinct, has outstanding historical and social significance because of its continuous occupation as an institution since 1814. The original complex and its garden setting have outstanding rarity value. Its landscape is of exceptional significance for its development as a Colonial institution sited within the cultural landscape of the Parramatta River valley and influenced by Elizabeth Macquarie together with the continuing recognition of the heritage values of the place up to the present.
The structure of the built and natural fabric of the place has been conserved despite the constant adaptation by institutional uses and alienation of its peripheral lands. As a complex of parkland landscape character with gardens, built form and remnant indigenous vegetation it demonstrates the evolution of different attitudes towards institutional care in NSW. The groundworks design and siting of the buildings is associated with Elizabeth Macquarie, Samuel Marsden, Francis Greenway and subsequent Colonial and Government Architects (particularly Walter Liberty Vernon) and individuals associated with health care such as Frederick Norton Manning and Dr Greenup.
Rydalmere Hospital was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
It has been almost continually occupied since the early years of European settlement, initially by farming activities, but more importantly, by successive public welfare institutions for the care and management of disadvantaged members of society. It was the first purpose built orphanage in Australia and first combined orphanage to be managed by the state. The original central block is the oldest three storey building in Australia. The actual establishment of the orphanage at Rydalmere is associated with the governorship and development policies of Lachlan Macquarie, with his wife, Elizabeth, who is thought to have provided the design and with Samual Marsden who superintended the construction.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
It is a fine but complex collection of 19th and 20th century institutional buildings set in extensive, landscaped grounds above the Parramatta River. The central two and three storey buildings of the orphanage are a fine example of Old Colonial Georgian architectural design. The extant south elevation, with the symmetrical pavilions, retains a particular clarity of architectural composition, despite subsequent alterations and additions. The same elevation retains a largely uninterrupted visual relationship with the river, sufficient to demonstrate the aesthetic intentions of the original decision to site the orphanage on Arthurs Hill, facing towards the river valley and the contemporary settlement at Parramatta. Surviving external forms of many of the buildings retain sufficient clarity to demonstrate a range of important 19th and early 20th century architectural styles including Old Colonial Georgian, Victorian Regency, Federation Arts and Crafts and Federation Free Style. Remnant flora and site works from successive periods now combine to create a rich and varied landscape.
The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The history of the orphanage illustrates the evolution of interrelationships between private, ecclesiastic and state responsibilities for social welfare and education. The closure of the orphanage in 1888 reflected developing public policies to foster orphaned children into the community. The initial adaptations made to the old orphan school buildings to accommodate the Hospital for the Insane in the late 1880s, represented one of the last examples of a long-standing institutional approach in the care of the mentally ill, that of incarceration rather than hospitalisation. The marked changes of approach to the care of the insane, particularly the reduction in personal confinement, which took place after 1895, is clearly illustrated in the development of buildings and landscape, some of which took place within the Orphan School Precinct.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
For the potential to reveal physical evidence on Aboriginal utilisation of the resources of the region. For the potential to reveal physical evidence on the agricultural aspects of early European settlement in the region. For the potential to reveal physical evidence of former buildings and other structures, living conditions and building utilisation, patterns of land use, planting and pasturage, drainage and water supply systems and other aspects of long term institutional use. For the potential to demonstrate building design, construction and repair techniques throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly from the early decades of the 19th century. For the potential to interpret the role of the Parramatta River as a major form of inland transport and communication in the early decades of European settlement.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The original, central block of the orphan school is the oldest three storey building in Australia.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
As the first purpose built orphan school in the Colony, it illustrates a milestone in the establishment of national social welfare and education policies.


Ralph Howard (politician)

Ralph William Howard (17 May 1931 – 19 December 2013) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Melbourne to carpenter William Howard and Hazel Ralph. He was educated at Balwyn and Box Hill before attending Scotch College and then Melbourne University, where he received a Master of Business and a Bachelor of Science. He was a doctor at Footscray Hospital from 1957 to 1958 and at Prince Henry's Hospital from 1958 to 1959, thereafter becoming surgical register in 1959 and dermatologist in 1961. On 21 July 1961 he married Judith Elinor May Vertigan, with whom he had two sons. From 1962 to 1964 he was senior medical officer with the Royal Australian Air Force in Tottenham, and from 1964 to 1965 was assistant general secretary of the Australian Medical Association. From 1965 to 1976 he was medical director for a number of companies. In 1976 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for Templestowe Province representing the Liberal Party. He ran unsuccessfully for preselection for the lower house seat of Kew in 1981, and was defeated in Templestowe in 1982. He subsequently returned to business, in partnership with fellow defeated politician Graeme Weideman. Howard died in 2013.


Ornge

Ornge (formerly Ontario Air Ambulance Corporation) is a Canadian not-for-profit corporation and registered charity that provides air ambulance and associated ground transportation services for the province of Ontario, under the direction of the province's Ministry of Health. The provision of ambulance services in Ontario is governed by the "Ambulance Act", which states that the Minister of Health "has the duty and the power" to make sure Ontario is serviced by a "balanced and integrated system of ambulance services and communication services used in dispatching ambulances". Its headquarters are in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
The name Ornge is not an acronym, but is based on the orange colour of the organization's aircraft and land ambulances. According to the organization, "The 'a' was removed from the name, partly to make people stop and take a second look, and also so that it could be trademarked."
In 2012, Ornge and its associated companies employed more than 400 people, including paramedics, pilots and aviation specialists. Ornge has its own aircraft and land ambulances, with 12 bases across Ontario. It also contracts some operations out to independent service providers.
History.
Prior to Ornge, the air ambulance program was established in 1977 to serve remote areas, primarily in Northern Ontario, that are inaccessible to land ambulances or that land ambulances would take too long to reach. Ontario was the first Canadian province to provide a helicopter-based air ambulance system to transport critically ill patients to hospital. Air ambulances are also used to transport medical teams and organs for transplant. A large part of the air ambulance service is involved in serving aboriginal communities, of which there are approximately 117, in 6 treaty areas of Northern Ontario.
The first air ambulance, "Bandage One" a Bell 212, was operated out of Buttonville Airport by private operator Viking Helicopters Incorporated(later to become part of Canadian Helicopters.) A second Bell 212, "Bandage Two", was after one year pilot deemed successful and located in Sudbury, Ontario followed by "Bandage Three" in Thunder Bay, "Bandage Four" in Timmins and "Bandage Five in Sioux Lookout for a total of 5 by 1981. Fixed-wing service began in 1978, provided by Austin Airways, with a Timmins based Cessna Citation I. Eventually almost 90 private aircraft would be employed.
This arrangement lasted more than 25 years, until about 2005, as the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care contracted with private operators to provide its air ambulance program’s aircraft, pilots and paramedics. The Ministry directly operated the central air ambulance dispatch centre and was responsible for overseeing the overall effectiveness of the air ambulance program.
In 2005, the Ministry announced that it was appointing a not-for-profit corporation called the Ontario Air Ambulance Corporation to be responsible for all air ambulance operations. This was done to establish clearer lines of authority among the different parts of air ambulance operations. An arm’s-length corporation was also consistent with the Ministry’s objective of moving away from direct service delivery. The corporation's name was subsequently changed to Ornge. Ornge was described in 2012 as being neither a Crown corporation nor an agency directly controlled by the Government of Ontario, but rather a non-profit organisation incorporated under the federal Canada Corporations Act.
The Ministry operated an air ambulance dispatch centre in Toronto until Ornge took over and MATC (Medical Air Transport Centre) became the Ornge Communications Centre.
On 17 September 2007, Ornge Air was created. It would purchase aircraft and compete with the private-sector providers.
Today, the air ambulance program has become an integral component of the larger emergency health system in communities across the province.
Financial scandal and police investigation.
Executive compensation.
In 2011 Ornge was involved in a controversy regarding executives' compensation, including President and CEO Chris Mazza. The" Toronto Star" uncovered that Mazza was receiving $1.4 million a year while remaining off the "sunshine list" of public employees earning over $100,000. That salary made him the highest publicly paid official in the province. Ontario Health Minister Deb Matthews stated that Mazza’s salary was "outrageous, shocking and unacceptable". On 9 February 2013 Dr. Chris Mazza received $4.6 million in public dollars in his last two years at Ornge, including salary, bonuses, cash advances and two housing loans. In 2013, it was revealed that Mazza made $9.3 million over six years at Ornge. Mazza expensed ski trips and international junkets, often with his girlfriend; hotel room bills of $2,400 were reported.
Other executives were "highly paid", but Ornge failed to disclose their salaries. Chairman Rainer Beltzner received $232,757 in 2011. The board members received almost $2 million between 2007 and 2011. In 2011, 50 executives received a total of $11.8 million (average $238,000) which was not disclosed on the Sunshine list.
Executives were granted company-paid executive MBAs education, at a total of $600,000. Kelly Long, Mazza’s girlfriend and an ORNGE vice-president, received an MBA from Western University in London.
Mazza went on an indefinite medical leave on 22 December 2011 at the height of the scandal.
Kickback allegations.
After Ornge bought helicopters from AgustaWestland for $144 million, AgustaWestland then made a $4.7 million payment to Mazza-controlled ORNGE Global. A later additional payment of $2 million was promised. Allegedly, the payment was for “marketing services”. It was found that this "consisted of a small binder of information pulled together by Long." Subsequent Ornge leader Ron McKerlie said the two small binders do not justify the large payment. The binders are said to be in the possession of the OPP.
Later, a former executive indicated that Ornge had paid AgustaWestland $7 million more than should have. It was this allegation that prompted the OPP investigation. Tom Rothfels indicated that Mazza insisted on paying about $600,000 extra per helicopter (roughly $7 million). Rick Potter, former COO, indicated about $10 million extra.
AgustaWestand also agreed to donate $2.9 million US to Ornge's charitable foundation.
Inappropriate purchases.
Ornge paid $28 million for 11 used helicopters, believing this to be cheaper than renting. The fleet was subsequently sold for less than $8 million.
Ornge purchased 12 helicopters from AgustaWestland, although only 9 were required. Two of the units were not equipped to carry patients; these were sold in 2013. The remaining 10 were found to have a poor cabin layout which made CPR difficult. In 2015, Ornge was looking at replacing the AW139s, citing complexity and fuel consumption concerns.
Ornge purchased 10 Pilatus PC-12 airplanes, although only 6 were needed. Two of the 10 were for sale in 2015.
The auditor general noted that "an open public competitive tender was not used" and Ornge over-bought.
Ornge planned a "Transport Medicine Centre of Excellence" in Hamilton. Ornge spent approximately $600,000 leasing hangar space that went unused, due to construction delays. Approximately $1.9 million was spent on hangar renovations. The move from Toronto to Hamilton was later cancelled.
Questions arose about the decision to open a base in Oshawa. Rick Potter, aviation chief (COO Ornge Air), stated the site doesn’t have an instrument landing system, has many noise complaints and was not one he would recommend. Hangar space was purchased in 2011, then subsequently sold for a $130,000 loss when plans were cancelled in 2013.
Ornge purchased lifting devices, dubbed Ornge pickers, that were to lift patients into aircraft. The devices never worked. There were also issues with the de-icing system for the AW139s, which never worked. The company also apparently spent on orange painted tractors to move aircraft.
Operational issues.
Various cases of delays in moving patients were revealed. It was found that dispatch operators were under pressure to cut costs by reducing helicopter launches. A policy existed that a helicopter would not be dispatched until a land ambulance had confirmed the need. The policy was changed in 2012 to immediate launch when the 911 centre requests it.
It was reported that the helicopter based in Thunder Bay was unable to fly about one quarter of the time due to lack of paramedics. The Star found the helicopter grounded 237 times for a total of 1300 hours over 10 months. “It’s also a waste of public money. You have a helicopter and two pilots sitting there unable to do their jobs,” stated a paramedic union leader.
Web of companies.
Critics charged that Ornge had created a "web" of companies. The auditor general found at least 14(20 by another source) different corporate entities, among them JSmarts, Ornge Peel (later Ornge Global), Ornge Global Real Estate, Ornge Global Holdings LP, Ornge Issuer Trust, Ornge Global Air, Ornge Global Management and Orgeco. Some of these companies were for-profit. The auditor general was denied access to financial records, given some of the entities are privately held. The structure was described as a "complicated network". "In fact, much of Ornge’s operation is being delivered by these other entities, which bill Ornge for those services."
Auditor General Jim McCarter described Ornge as a "mini-conglomerate" and believed the audit might not have found all the corporate offshoots.
It was found that taxpayer dollars had flowed to for-profit Ornge companies.
Some of the companies were owned by Chris Mazza, other executives, and board members.
Corporate offices.
The building for Ornge’s head office was bought for $15 million, using borrowed money. Ornge then created a complex deal with other Ornge companies to sell the building and lease it back to itself.
An independent real-estate appraiser estimated that Ornge’s rent was 40% higher than the fair-market rent. This amounted to a $2 million overpayment in five years. This allowed Ornge Global Real Estate to obtain $24 million in financing. The "extra" $9 million flowed to another company, Ornge Global Holdings LP. The OPP was to look into the missing $9 million. Auditor General Jim McCarter said this deal was one of several that did not "pass the old smell test". Ornge's 25-year lease agreement was unusually long.
The building itself was dubbed the "Crystal Palace" for its opulence and recreational facilities. Nearly $500,000 was spent on renovations. Ornge also apparently paid to renovate its previous office space, then paid $760,000 extra to break the lease early.
Legal fees.
From 2005 to 2012, Ornge paid “well connected” law firm Fasken Martineau over $9 million in legal fees for 22,000 hours of work, including organizing the for-profit companies. Other law firms received a further $2 million. Much of the money was spent creating the “web” of companies.
Alf Apps, former president of the Liberal Party national organization, was a Fasken lawyer. Apps boasted of the success of the deal structure. Integrity Commissioner Lynn Morrison indicated she believed Apps had lobbied the government without registering. Apps denied the allegation in testimony before legislative committee. Apps resigned from FM in Feb 2012, moving to another firm.
Don Guy, chair of three campaigns for Dalton McGuinty, billed FM over $100,000 in legal fees.
Lynne Golding, a Fasken partner (married to Tony Clement), helped craft the 2005 performance agreement. She testified that she thought the agreement gave the government strong powers over Ornge, contradicting minister Deb Mathews.
Guy Giorno, a Fasken lawyer and ex chief of staff to Mike Harris and Stephen Harper, advised Ornge on compliance and disclosure.
Chronology.
Ornge Global, Ornge's for-profit division, also received $6.7 million in a contract from Anglo-Italian helicopter manufacturer AgustaWestland, which is also part of the audit by the provincial auditor general. Ron McKerlie, who was at the time Deputy Minister for the Ministry of Government Services, Associate Secretary of Cabinet and Secretary of Management Board of Cabinet for the Government of Ontario, was appointed as the Interim President and CEO.
As the scandal spread on 24 January 2012 Ornge fired 18 managers and closed the "J Smarts" charity program. The next day a new board of directors was named, including former provincial cabinet minister Charles Harnick. A complete forensic audit was also started. On 2 February 2012 Ornge President and CEO Chris Mazza was fired without compensation, as was the chief operating officer of ORNGE Global, Maria Renzella. ORNGE Global GP Inc. and ORNGE Global Holdings LP were placed in bankruptcy under the oversight of a trustee. The bankruptcy move does not affect the provincial air ambulance service, which is operated separately.
On 2 February 2012, the Ontario Health Minister Deb Mathews stated, "Today, the for-profit ORNGE Global GP Inc. and ORNGE Global Holdings LP went into receivership, essentially ending their existence. As a result, Dr. Chris Mazza, president and CEO, and Maria Renzella, chief operating officer, have been terminated and ORNGE has advised us that no severance has been offered. These are vitally important and necessary steps needed to restore the confidence of Ontarians in the leadership team responsible for Ontario’s air ambulance service. The forensic audit continues and we look forward to their findings and the auditor general’s value-for-money audit. We continue to seek and support the changes at ORNGE and continue to work with the new leadership as they strengthen Ontario’s air ambulance service."
On 16 February 2012 Ornge became the subject of an Ontario Provincial Police investigation for "financial irregularities". Neither the police, Mathews nor Ornge would provide details about the nature of the investigation. The minister indicated it was as a result of the preliminary findings of the forensic auditors in examining the organization's financial records. Aside from the police investigation there are two other investigations underway. The Ministry of Health's emergency health services branch is carrying out an investigation of 13 incidents related to air ambulance operations, three of which involve the deaths of patients. Also provincial Auditor General Jim McCarter is investigating Ornge and will present his final report in March 2012.
On 17 February 2012, amidst calls for her resignation from the opposition, Ontario Health Minister, Deb Mathews announced that the government would greatly tighten control over Ornge, including new legislation and a new performance agreement to increase oversight and limit what it can do without government approval, including preventing the sale of assets, such as helicopters and the taking on of debt.
On 23 February 2012 allegations surfaced of unqualified staff running the air ambulance service and of a questionable $14,000 payout to a Brazilian law firm by an Ornge spin-off company. More information became available about the nature of the OPP investigation, including that the subject is alleged kick-back payments for helicopter purchases as well as interest-free loans and cash advances from Ornge to Mazza. Filed bankruptcy documents indicate that Mazza is a creditor of one of Ornge's now-defunct for-profit companies and that he is owed $1 in the proceedings. The opposition continued calls for the minister's resignation as news of medevac operation disruptions in recent weeks surfaced.
On 21 March 2012 provincial Auditor General Jim McCarter released a report that heavily criticized the provincial government for lack of oversight of Ornge's operations. The report details that the government paid Ornge C$700 million over five years and that Ornge also borrowed an additional C$300 million for aircraft purchases. The report details how air ambulance costs increased 20% while transporting 6% fewer patients. McCarter reported how Ornge, "soon begame a mini-conglomerate" with virtually no government supervision. He stated, "Of particular concern to us was the fact that certain of these companies were owned by Ornge's president, senior members of its management team and its board of directors. To the nose of this watchdog, this didn't pass the smell test." The report also details how Ornge bought more aircraft than it needed with government money with the aim of renting them out. Health Minister Deb Matthews said that the province will act on all of McCarter's recommendations.
The police investigation continues.
In February 2017, the OPP stated that the five year long kickback investigation was close to completion, but would not say whether charges will be laid.
Whistleblowers.
Allegations were made that whistleblowers were harassed or fired. Lisa Kirbie, hired in March 2010 as the director of government and regulatory affairs, alleged in a lawsuit that Mazza was volatile and sexist, firing her without cause after she co-operated with the auditor and police probes. Kirbie was the partner of Liberal strategist Warren Kinsella.
Bruce Wade, a Thunder Bay helicopter pilot, was suspended with pay after testifying at a Queen's Park committee.
Opposition critics charged that the governing Liberals tried to intimidate whistleblowers during legislative committee testimony. Former paramedic Trevor Kidd was asked to disclose the names of other workers who had information about problems at Ornge. Kidd had testified that he quit Ornge in 2009 after the death of a patient. Kidd’s father, the mayor of Temiskaming Shores, discussed Ornge's problems with former Liberal MPP David Ramsay in 2009.
Ornge belatedly announced whistleblower protection in 2013.
Motorcycles.
Ornge commissioned two custom-built Orange County Choppers, allegedly gifts from Agusta, one of which was prominently displayed in the company's lobby. Mazza had posed at a Toronto Blue Jays game with the bike. The "chopper" became a focus of critics after the scandal was discovered. “That chopper is simply a reflection of how business was done. There are still a lot of people, let alone the chopper, in those offices who should not be there,” noted PC MPP Frank Klees. The bike, valued at $50,000, was eventually auctioned for $30,000. The second bike, valued at $100,000 is thought to be owned by Agusta. The Ornge charity JSmarts also owned a $50,000 speed boat.
Nepotism allegations.
Critics noted the rapid ("meteoric") rise of girlfriend Kelly Long to corporate power. A former water-ski instructor, she had apparently met Mazza while she worked as an account manager at a water-ski club. Pathway Group, a consulting firm used by Ornge, was asked by Mazza to hire Long. Pathway did so in January 2006 as a "favour". At Pathway she organized golf tournaments and did administrative work from home. Mazza was unsatisfied with the work assignments Long was given. He had her seconded to Ornge in September 2006. Pathway was paid nearly $9000 per month for this. Long was then hired by Ornge in December 2006. After that, she received a rapid set of four promotions between the various Ornge companies, rising to associate vice-president by 2012. Her salary had doubled during this time to $120000.
Long defended herself in testimony at a legislative hearing. She stated she felt had done a great job for Ornge and was qualified with a BA. She stated: "The media is insinuating I rose quickly because of my relationship ... with Dr. Mazza.”
Carrie Anne Brunet was a junior Ornge executive who is the daughter of former chairman Rainer Beltzner. She assisted Long with the Agusta research. Beltzner would claim Brunet got the job via a newspaper ad.
Both Brunet and Long benefited from the MBA program. (Brunet graduating in 2012).
Hallie Beecher McClelland, the daughter of HR vice-president Rhoda Beecher, became the executive director of Ornge's foundation. Beecher defended the hiring process as "rigorous".
Coroner's investigation into patient deaths.
An initial review of 10 deaths found that none had been “materially affected” by problems at Ornge. A second review explored all deaths involving Ornge between January 2006 and June 2012. By November 2012, this investigation was "taking longer than expected"
After a year long investigation, a special panel did find links between Ornge and patient deaths. Eight cases were found, although "scant" details were provided. Two cases were blamed on inadequate staffing of paramedics qualified for the mission. The interiors of the AW139 helicopters, making it difficult to perform CPR, were flagged as a serious problem. The panel made 25 recommendations for improvements.
2013 Ornge air ambulance Moosonee crash.
On May 31, 2013, a Sikorsky S-76A helicopter crashed resulting in the deaths of two Ornge pilots, Capt. Don Filliter and first officer Jacques Dupuy, and two Ornge paramedics, Dustin Dagenais and Chris Snowball. The crash occurred one kilometre from the Moosonee Airport, shortly after a night-time take-off.
TSB report.
The Transportation Safety Board of Canada investigated the accident. The report noted: "The causes of this accident went well beyond the actions of this flight crew." The pilots had not received sufficient training. The company lacked standard operating procedures to deal with night operations. The company lacked resources and key personnel were inexperienced. Crew pairing was deemed "sub-optimal" for that flight. Some pilots were given inadequate time to prepare for training; the training did not meet company SOPs and was not operationally realistic.
It was noted that in 2012, Ornge eliminated the pilot manager positions at each base, switching to a centralized scheduling system. Knowledge of local conditions and familiarity with crews was therefore lost.
Ornge was understaffed at the time of the accident. The Operations Manager and the Chief Pilot were new to the management of Emergency Medical Services operations. Key positions, such as Manager of Rotor Wing Flight Safety, Manager of Rotor Wing Flight Training and Standards, his assistant, and an aviation clerk (who was to track records) were vacant.
Transport Canada was aware that Ornge was struggling to meet regulations and company requirements. There were clear indications of Ornge's problems months before the accident.
TSB chair Kathy Fox said "[Ornge's] willingness to operate safely and within regulatory requirements exceeded its capacity to do so."
Canadian Labour Code charges.
On 29 May 2014 Ornge was charged with 17 offences under the Canadian Labour Code. Court documents disclosed that the charges included permitting pilots to fly the S-76A helicopter "without adequate training in the operation of that specific aircraft," failure to provide the pilots with "a means to enable them to maintain visual reference while operating at night", that the aircraft captain, Donald Mark Filliter had "insufficient experience in night operations", that his pilot proficiency check in the helicopter was incomplete, plus the two pilots did not meet experience requirements to be flying as a crew. The organization was also charged with failure to ensure employee safety resulting in the death of the two pilots and also failure to ensure that the organization's supervisors and managers had sufficient knowledge of the Canada Labour Code. In October 2013, company officials had been warned by the Moosonee base safety officer that inexperienced pilots and night operations in combination was a high risk for a fatal accident.
The trial began at Brampton court in April 2017.
In court testimony, a check pilot noted he felt Captain Filliter "didn’t have the necessary technical knowledge to serve as a crew captain".
In November 2017, the court found Ornge not guilty of negligence. The judge noted that while night-vision goggles and ground proximity alarms were available, they were not required under 2013 rules.
Civil lawsuit.
In a 2016 lawsuit, Christopher Snowball's family is seeking $3.7 million from Ornge, Transport Canada and two unnamed Transport Canada inspectors.
Helipad dedication.
In 2014, the helipad at Health Sciences North in Greater Sudbury was dedicated to the crash victims.
Follow on effects.
After the accident, Ornge suspended night operations at 58 remote helipads (73 locations by another source). These locations are marked by reflective cones rather than lighting. Service was expected to resume as pilots were trained for un-lit sites or helipads had lighting upgrades. However, in early 2015, there were reports that Ornge was still unable to land at some sites, despite helipad upgrades. Ornge now has a "currency" requirement for night landings, that one of the two pilots must have landed at the helipad during the previous six months. It appears that Ornge might not have communicated this with local authorities.
Aircraft fleet.
The initial fleet of helicopters had a base white with orange-black trim, followed by the orange with blue markings in the 1990s and finally the current orange with white markings. In 2020 and 2021, Ornge began to repaint their rotor aircraft in an orange and dark blue livery with a white stripe separating the colours, in a near hybrid of their first livery. One of the first aircraft to be painted was an AW-139 with the registration C-GYNL.
On 28 August 2008 Ornge announced the purchase of ten new AgustaWestland AW139 helicopters to replace their fleet of Sikorsky S-76 helicopters, to be delivered over a period of two years beginning in late 2010. The S-76 helicopters were previously owned and operated by Canadian Helicopters, but are now owned by Ornge and operated by Canadian Helicopters. The S-76 helicopters will be serviced by Canadian Helicopters until April 2012.
Helicopters.
AgustaWestland AW139 located at:
From the first long weekend of the summer to Labour Day, one Toronto crew was relocated and based out of Muskoka Airport for the increased number of trauma calls in cottage country during this period. This practice stopped after the summer of 2010.
Fixed-wing aircraft.
As of the end of 2009, Ornge has begun operating its own fleet of Pilatus PC-12NG fixed-wing aircraft from its bases in:
Land critical care ambulance.
ORNGE operates three land transfer bases and 18 Crestline Coach Type III ambulances in Ontario
Standing agreement aircraft.
Additional aircraft are available under the Standing Agreement (as and when required) contract with other operators:
February 2015 sale.
In February 2015 reports surfaced that Ornge may look to sell its AW139 fleet due to maintenance costs and their unsuitability for ambulance work. Two PC12 are considered surplus to requirements and are for sale. “[The AW139] burns a lot of fuel. It’s a big airplane. It is costly to maintain because of the complexity of the machine, more costly than say a simpler machine ... the AW139s are more suited to flying to offshore oil platforms and that few other agencies use them in an air ambulance role," according to CEO Dr. Andrew McCallum. Two of the AW139 units purchased were equipped with 12 seats and were unsuitable for ambulance use. These units were sold in 2013.


Jonathan Baell

Jonathan Baell (né Ball) is an Australian medicinal chemist. He is a research professor in medicinal chemistry at the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), the Director of the Australian Translational Medicinal Chemistry Facility and a Chief Investigator at the ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design. He is also the President of the International Chemical Biology Society. His research focuses on the early stages of drug discovery, including high-throughput screening (HTS) library design, hit-to-lead and lead optimization for the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as malaria and neglected diseases.
Early life and education.
Baell was born in Tanzania, East Africa in 1965. He migrated with his family to Tasmania, Australia in 1977. Baell completed a Bachelor of Science with Honours from the University of Tasmania in 1986. He then moved to Melbourne to undertake a PhD project with Professor Peter Andrews and Professor Paul Alewood at the Monash University Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (previously known as the Victorian College of Pharmacy), graduating in 1992.
Career.
At the completion of his PhD, Baell commenced his postdoctoral research at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), quickly rising to the rank of Senior Research Scientist at the age of 28.
In 2001, Baell moved to the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), where he served as the Head of Medicinal Chemistry for the subsequent decade. During this time, Baell published a paper in the "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry" describing a naturally occurring chemical derived from "Ammi visnaga", khellinone, as the basis of a potential new class of immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This area of research won him the Biota Award for Medicinal Chemistry from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) in 2004.
After 10 years at WEHI, Baell moved his research lab to MIPS, where he was appointed as a research professor in 2012.
Baell coined the term PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds) to describe chemical compounds that are often picked up as false positive hits from HTS campaigns. His 2010 publication identified the chemical structures of these compounds and constructed electronic filters that can be used in HTS campaigns to remove PAINS from screening hits. The implications of PAINS in the drug discovery pipeline resulted in the American Chemical Society to include the removal of PAINS from screening hits as a publication requirement for its journals in 2017. The impact of Baell's work on PAINS was recognized in 2020 when he was presented the Scientific Achievement Award in Drug Discovery and Development by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
In 2018, Baell was awarded the Adrien Albert Award by RACI. It is the most prestigious award for RACI Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology Division, given for exceptional research in the field of medicinal chemistry, agricultural chemistry or chemical biology.
Awards and honors.
2004 - Biota Award for Medicinal Chemistry, RACI
2018 - Adrien Albert Award, RACI
2019 - Faculty Research Award, Monash University Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
2020 - Scientific Achievement Award in Drug Discovery and Development, ASPET
Patents.
According to the Espacenet database, Baell has registered 49 patents as of July 2020.


Queensway Health Centre


Hereward Kesteven

Hereward Leighton Kesteven (16 January 1881 – 18 May 1964) was an Australian medical scientist.
Born at Levuka, Fiji, to medical officer Leighton Kesteven and Caroline Elizabeth, "née" Eames, he and his family moved to Brisbane in the 1880s and to Sydney in 1891, where Hereward attended Sydney Church of England Grammar School until his father's bankruptcy forced him to leave. He became technical assistant to the Australian Museum's curator in 1903 and on 18 October 1905 married professional musician Irene "Ivy" Valentine Smith. He attended the University of Sydney and received a Bachelor of Science in 1909, a Doctorate of Science in 1911, a Bachelor of Medicine in 1914 and a Master of Surgery in 1916. He lectured at the physiology department of Sydney Technical College from 1908 to 1913 and published "A Manual of Practical Bio-Chemistry" in 1912.
In 1915 Kesteven entered general practice at Belmore, later practicing at Gin Gin and Gladstone in Queensland before returning to Sydney in 1919, where he received his Doctorate of Medicine. He set up practice at Maroubra but in 1920 relocated to Bulahdelah. He was appointed honorary zoologist to the Australian Museum in 1926 and wrote articles for the publications of the Museum, the Linnean Society of New South Wales and the Royal Society of New South Wales. He was integral in the building of Bulahdelah's hospital and later acquired a local farm. In 1934 he ran for the federal election, contesting Earle Page's seat of Cowper for the Douglas Credit Party. In 1936 he returned to Sydney and became medical director for Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company; during the war he worked in armament factories in Lithgow.
From 1942 to 1946 Kesteven was director of medical services to the Allied Works Council, publishing a series of articles that were later collected as "An Industrial Medical-Efficiency Service". His work on "the evolution of the skull and the cephalic muscles" won him the Warren Burfitt prize in 1944 and the David Syme Research Prize in 1946. His first wife, who had a cerebral haemorrhage in 1936, died after a long illness in 1943 and Kesteven remarried nurse Louise Ray Smith on 24 June 1944 at Darling Point. He moved to Queensland for his health in 1948, practicing at Cooktown, Palmwoods, Maroochydore and Brighton. He died suddenly in 1964 and was cremated.


Hans Christian Hagedorn

Hans Christian Hagedorn (6 March 1888 – 6 October 1971) was the creator of NPH insulin and the founder of Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium, which is known today as Novo Nordisk.
Biography.
Hagedorn and August Krogh (1874–1949) obtained the rights for insulin from Banting and Best in Toronto.
In 1923 they formed Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium, and in 1926 with August Krogh he obtained a Danish Royal Charter as a non-profit foundation.
In the 1930s he became interested in modifying the absorption rate of insulin. He was aware that contaminating proteins slowed the absorption of insulin into the bloodstream, but these caused irritation and side effects. Thus he searched for a protein that would not cause any irritation. He came upon protamine, a protein isolated from fish sperm. Hagedorn discovered that the addition of protamine to insulin caused the insulin to form microscopic clumps. These clumps took longer to dissolve into the bloodstream. This complex of protamine and insulin is known as NPH (neutral protamine Hagedorn) insulin. It is one of the earliest example of engineering drug delivery.


Ellen Kettle

Ellen Sarah Kettle MBE (c. 21 April 1922 – 2 August 1999) was an Australian nurse and midwife who pioneered mobile health care in isolated areas of the Northern Territory of Australia.
Early life.
Ellen was born in Colac to Thomas and Mary Kettle (nee Bicket) and was one of five children. Her schooling commenced in the local small country school and her secondary education was at Colac High School where she traveled to by horse eight miles each way. After completing her general nursing at Geelong Hospital in 1945 and her midwifery training at Townsville Hospital in 1951, she spent six months on Thursday Island, providing health care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This prompted her to write to the Director of Health in Canberra to enquire about the opportunity to work in the Northern Territory.
Work in the Northern Territory.
Kettle commenced nursing on the Aboriginal settlement of Yuendumu about from 300 kilometers from Alice Springs on 2 February 1952, where she was known as Nurse Kettle. She was the first permanent sister to be sent there by the Native Affairs Branch of the Northern Territory. Ellen describes her surroundings after commencing at the Yuendumu Clinic as “there were about 400 desert people, few of whom knew any English and I didn’t their language. Both the hospital and my living quarters were of unlined wartime camouflaged iron with no electricity or reticulated water”. In 1954, Ellen was appointed the Commonwealth Department of Health’s first Rural Survey Sister pioneering mobile health work in isolated areas throughout the Northern Territory, visiting all church missions, Government settlements and large cattle stations. This saw the commencement of a register of Aboriginal births and deaths.
Over the next five decades, she almost single-handedly revolutionised Aboriginal health care in the Northern Territory by documenting the health status of Indigenous communities and attempting to draw attention to the plight of Aboriginal health, particularly in regard to the high infant mortality rates.
In 1958, she began work on introducing standardised records and weight graphs for infants under five years of age. This data was used to publish a weight and height curve for Aboriginal children in 1966.
Kettle won the $5000 H. J. Heinz nursing scholarship in 1966 to support her to study in Africa and India. She worked as the matron in charge of nursing at Department of Health in Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea in 1969.
She was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her services to nursing in 1967.
She died in Darwin on 2 August 1999 at the age of 77.


Hans D. Ochs

Hans Dieter Ochs (born September 29, 1936 in Spaichingen, Germany), is an immunologist and pediatrician. He is Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
Medical and research career.
Hans D. Ochs graduated from the University of Freiburg, Germany with a degree and Doctorate in Medicine. He was a resident in Pediatrics at Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, at the University of Tübingen, Germany and at the University of Washington, Seattle. He received post-graduate training in Biochemistry at the University of Tübingen and in clinical Immunology at the University of Washington. He is certified by the American Board of Pediatrics, the American Board of Allergy and Immunology and the German Pediatric Board.
Ochs' research focuses on the molecular basis of Primary immunodeficiency diseases with special interest in the genes that have been linked to the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Hyper IgM syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, IPEX syndrome and autosomal dominante Hyper IgE syndrome. To improve the long-term outcome of these disorders, he has actively participated in clinical trials to develop strategies of immunoglobulin replacement therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy.
Ochs' clinical interests focus on the use of intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin in patients with antibody deficiencies and the in vivo analysis of antibody production using bacteriophage Phi X 174. He and his collaborators contributed to the identification of several genes associated with Primary immunodeficiency diseases located on the X chromosome, including CD40L, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and FOXP3.
Recently, he focused on the gene Uracil-DNA glycosylase, causing a rare form of autosomal recessive Hyper IgM syndrome, and on STAT3, the gene causing autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome if mutated.
In 1995, he moved the immunodeficiency clinic from the University to Seattle Children's Hospital, providing diagnostic evaluations and clinical care for both pediatric and adult patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. He initiated and maintained a successful cooperation with the bone marrow transplant unit of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center since the early 70s and participated in the design of protocols related to stem cell transplantation for patients with SCID, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, chronic granulomatous disease, and X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome.
The Ochs / Torgerson Lab focuses on:
Memberships.
He serves on committees for the Immune Deficiency Foundation, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, the "US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET)", and the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). Ochs is a founding member of the "Clinical Immunology Society (CIS) Annual Summer School and is on the editorial board of the "Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine" and the "Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences".
Publications.
Books.
Ochs is the author and co-author of more than 400 articles in:
"Blood, Journal of Immunology, European Journal of Immunology, The Journal of Pediatrics, Cell, Science, Nature Genetics, Nature Reviews Immunology, Nature Medicine, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal of Experimental Medicine, The New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, EMBO, PNAS, Immunity, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Experimental Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology".


Ankaful Nurses Training College

The Ankaful Nurses Training College is public tertiary health institution in the Ankaful in the Central Region of Ghana. The college is in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly. The school is located at the Ankaful Psychiatric Hospital. The activities of the institution is supervised by the Ministry of Education. A Diploma in Nursing certificate is awarded students from the institution upon successfully completing a three-year nursing training programme. The Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC) is the regulates the activities, curriculum and examination of the student nurses and midwives. The Council's mandate Is enshrined under section 4(1) of N.R.C.D 117. The college specializes in the training of psychiatric nurses.


Herbert Dudley Purves

Herbert Dudley Purves (25 September 1908 – 15 April 1993) was a New Zealand academic, chemist, mathematician, medical researcher and scientist.
Biography.
He was educated at Hastings West Primary School and Napier Boys' High School. Purves' academic strengths showed early for he received prizes for Science in the third form, for Mathematics in the fourth form and for Latin, Mathematics and Science in the lower 6th. He won the Isabella Siteman scholarship which was awarded to the highest ranking Hawkes Bay student who did not make the Scholarship list. The scholarship required Purves to study science or medicine at the University of Otago. In 1926 he travelled to Dunedin to study physics, chemistry and mathematics. He majored in chemistry, earning a BSc in 1928 and an MSc with first-class honours in chemistry in 1931.
Purves' working life was spent in full-time medical research at the University of Otago Medical School in Dunedin. He began in 1932, as a research assistant to Sir Charles Hercus, then Professor of Bacteriology and Public Health.
Purves was later supported by funds from a Medical Research Council grant for research into thyroid problems, administered by a committee headed by Sir Charles Hercus. Hercus encouraged Purves to take the Medical course, which he did between 1935 and 1941 when he graduated MB/ChB. In 1941 Purves became Principal Research Officer and Director of the New Zealand Medical Research Council's Thyroid Research Department in Dunedin which later became the Endocrinology Research Unit. In 1968 the Unit became the Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology and Metabolism, and in 1971, The Neuroendocrinology Group. Purves played a leading role in the abolition of thyroid enlargement (goitre) which once disfigured nearly 20% of the population.
Purves' merits were recognised by his colleagues in Dunedin who made him President of the University of Otago Medical Research Society in 1955 and on his retirement, a life member of the Society. The endocrinologists of New Zealand elected him President of the New Zealand Society of Endocrinology from 1963 to 1968, and his colleagues abroad conferred on him the title of Distinguished Thyroid Scientist at the seventh International Thyroid Conference in 1975.
Honours and awards.
In 1967, Purves was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 1970, and in 1972 he was conferred with an honorary DSc by the University of Otago.
In the 1974 Queen's Birthday Honours, Purves was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, for services to medicine. In 1987, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary celebration of the Medical Research Council the governor-general, Sir Paul Reeves, presented Purves with a special silver medal in recognition of his outstanding contribution to medical research.
Death.
He died on 15 April 1993, aged 84, after a long illness.
Family.
Purves married Daphne Helen Cowie in 1939. She survived him as did their two daughters and one son.


Paul Giroud

Paul Giroud (6 June 1898 – 21 January 1989) was a French physician and biologist.
Biography.
Born in Munet (Moulins), Allier, France he studied and worked at the Institut Pasteur in Paris.
Giroud was Head of Laboratory at the Institut Pasteur in Paris from 1930 to 1938. During these years he carried out several missions in Tunisia to research the source of typhus.
Meanwhile he also travelled to the USSR, where he met Vladimir Barykin, who had developed a method of cultivating the agent of typhus for the preparation of a vaccine.
In 1940 Giroud together with René Panthier developed a vaccine against typhus. After this discovery Giroud studied the rickettsioses in Congo, Rwanda, Kenya and Ethiopia. He also worked on a vaccine against Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
In 1956 he was elected member of the Académie de Médecine and in 1971 promoted to Commander of the Legion of Honour in the biological science section.


Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital

Diamond Harbour Government Medical College and Hospital is a full-fledged tertiary referral Government Medical college. It was established in the year 2018. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). Nursing and para-medical courses are also offered. The college is affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences and permitted by Medical Council of India. The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Diamond Harbour. The selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 100 from the year 2019.The college has started its MBBS course from 1st August 2019.
Courses.
Diamond Harbour Government Medical College, West Bengal undertakes education and training of students for MBBS courses, with intake of 100 students annually.


Leena Tewari

Leena Gandhi Tiwari (born 1956/1957) is an Indian businessperson and author. She is the chairperson of USV Private Limited, a multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company based in Bombay. USV was founded by her grandfather Vithal Balkrishna Gandhi in 1961. With a net worth of US$2.6 billion, Tewari is one of the richest Indian's and frequently appears in "Forbes" magazine's list. The company specializes in diabetic and cardiovascular drugs as well as biosimilar drugs, injectables and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Tiwari did her B.Com from the University of Mumbai and Master of Business Administration from Boston University. She is married to Prashant, who is the Managing Director of the company. She is also involved in humanitarian works and supports Dr Sushila Gandhi Centre for Underprivileged Women where girls are mentored through academic instruction, dance and computers. In 2013, Tewari wrote the biographical book on her grandfather Vithal Gandhi titled, "Beyond Pipes and Dreams".
She was placed #23 in the Hurun India Philanthropy List 2019 for a donation of and was ranked #3 in the list of Women Philanthropist of 2019, by the Hurun Report India Philanthropy List 2019.


Spadina Military Hospital


Anita Zaidi

Anita Kaniz Mehdi Zaidi (born 1964) is a Pakistani physician. She is the President of the Gender Equality Division and Director of Vaccine Development, Global Health Surveillance, Diarrhea and Enteric Diseases at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. She has previously served as Professor of Paediatrics and Child Health at the Aga Khan University.
Early life and education.
Zaidi was born in the United Kingdom. Her mother is a paediatrician and her father was an anesthesiologist. Her father was appointed the national physician of the Pakistan men's national field hockey team, and Zaidi would often accompany him on their tours. Whilst visiting a cousin in the United Kingdom Zaidi became interested in microbiology and applied to work in a clinical commercial laboratory. Zaidi eventually studied medicine at Aga Khan University and earned her Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1988. During her degree she enjoyed her courses in community health and spent time working in the Pakistan’s urban squatter settlements (katchi abadis). She has spoken about Claire Panosian Dunavan, a Visiting Professor from University of California, Los Angeles, being one of her inspirations. Zaidi was one of the first cohorts of medical students to graduate Aga Khan and was the inaugural winner of the "Best Medical Graduate Award". After graduating she worked on a United States Agency for International Development program in remote northern Pakistani territories (now Gilgit-Baltistan), which inspired her to dedicate her career to global public health. Her project involved establishing a community surveillance program for diarrhoeal disease and to identify what infrastructure the Aga Khan Health Services needs to implement to improve healthcare. She completed her residency training in paediatrics at Duke University and also undertook medical microbiology at Duke University. She took specialist training in paediatric infectious diseases at Boston Children's Hospital. Zaidi earned a Masters in Tropical Public Health at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 1999.
Research and career.
In 2002, after completing her specialist training, Zaidi returned to Pakistan. She was one of the youngest faculty members to be promoted to full Professor when she became Chair of the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at Aga Khan University. In 2011 she was awarded an endowed position; the Ruby and Karim Bahudar Ali Jessani Professor and Chair. At Aga Khan University Zaidi established a state-of-the-art laboratory that investigates paediatric infectious diseases. Zaidi is the only woman from the Global South to contribute a chapter to "Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics".
Zaidi was the first recipient of the Caplow's Children's Prize for her work supporting poverty-stricken communities in Karachi in 2013. She used the prize to reduce neonatal deaths in Rehri Goth. Her efforts focussed on eliminating malnutrition, improving access to healthcare and vaccinations and training for community health professionals. She developed programs that supported mother and child health before, during and after children were born. Zaidi estimated that the program would reduce child mortality by 65%, saving the lives of 200 children over two years.
In 2014 Zaidi was shortlisted for physician of the year by Medscape. She is Director of the Vaccine Development, Surveillance, and Enteric and Diarrhoea Diseases programs and co-Director of the Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Discovery & Tools programs at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In this capacity Zaidi supports the development of new vaccinations to protect communities around the world.
In June 2020 the Gates Foundation announced a new division dedicated to gender equality, with Zaidi being its first president. As of March 2021, Zaidi still also directs Vaccine Development, Surveillance, Diarrhea and Enteric Diseases at the Foundation.
Zaidi uses social media to share her work in public health using the Twitter handle @AnitaEDD. She has written for "The Conversation", the Skoll Foundation, Project Syndicate and "HuffPost".
Selected publications.
Her publications include;
Personal life.
Zaidi is married with a daughter and a son.


Beechworth Asylum

Beechworth Asylum, also known in later years as the Beechworth Hospital for the Insane and Mayday Hills Mental Hospital, is a decommissioned hospital located in Beechworth, a town of Victoria, Australia. Mayday Hills Lunatic Asylum was the second such Hospital to be built in Victoria, being one of the three largest. Mayday Hills Hospital closed in 1995, following 128 years of operation.
The asylum was reportedly surrounded by almost of farmland, making the hospital self-sufficient with its own piggery, orchards, kitchen gardens, fields, stables and barn. For recreation, the asylum included tennis courts, an oval and cricket pavilion, kiosk and theatre.
Ha-ha walls.
One of the distinctive features of both Kew Asylum and Beechworth Asylum is the use of a variation on ha-ha walls around the patients courtyards. These ha-has consisted of a trench, one side of which was vertical and faced with stone or bricks, the other side sloped and turfed. From the inside, the walls presented a tall face to patients, preventing them from escaping, while from outside, the walls looked low so as not to suggest imprisonment.
Admission process.
People could be admitted to the asylum as a lunatic patient by a number of means:
To be admitted, only two signatures were required. To be discharged, eight signatures were required, thus it was a lot harder to get out than to get in.
Current uses.
Beechworth Lunatic Asylum was formerly owned by La Trobe University ]. La Trobe sold the facility in 2013 to a local company composed of two Beechworth businessmen, George Fendyke and Geoff Lucas. The site is now being subdivided and either leased or sold to tourism and arts-based businesses.
Tours currently run through the facility to preserve and showcase the history and architecture. The gardens date to the 19th century, covering 11 hectares, and are open to the public from dawn until dusk.
A venue used for weddings is the Chapel of the Resurrection, to the west of the site. It was built in 1868 as the mortuary for the complex, and was converted to the chapel seen today in the 1960s.


Ricky Johnston

Henrike "Ricky" Johnston (born 29 September 1943) was a Liberal Party Member of the Australian House of Representatives for the Division of Canning from 1996 to 1998. Johnston won the seat at her fifth attempt, having also been the endorsed Liberal candidate for Canning at the 1984, 1987, 1990 and 1993 general elections. She was defeated at the 1998 general election.


Stefan Gress

Stefan Gress is a German plastic and reconstructive surgeon. He is best known for his contributions to composite reduction labiaplasty and has published various notable works within the field of labiaplasty.
Career.
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gress studied plastic surgery with Ivo Pitanguy in Rio de Janeiro, where he also practiced plastic surgery. He also attended Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Technical University of Munich, Universidade Federal da Bahia, and New York University School of Medicine where he specialized in aesthetic surgery particularly concerning breast, face, and female genital area.
Dr Gress has published various works concerning composite reduction labiaplasty where he helped develop methodologies for treating areas concerning internal and external labium minus, dissection of the cranial pedicle flap, and the labia minora area.


Tetsuya Iwanaga (model)

 is a Japanese pharmacist, male fashion model, "tarento", and actor. He is represented with LesPros Entertainment. He is a member of Japan Mensa. He is a member of Iwanaga Kyōdai.
Biography.
Iwanaga was born in Sasebo, Nagasaki. He graduated from Fukuoka University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Iwanaga also graduated from Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
He worked as an exclusive model of the magazine "Men's Non-no" from July 2009, he also worked as a pharmacist since April 2012. Together with the same magazine models, Tomokane Osugi, and Hirokazu Akatsuka Iwanaga participated as a voice actor in the released film "" in December 2012.
From February 2013 to July, he appeared in the Fuji TV series "Terrace House" under the nickname of . After graduating from the same programme, Iwanaga appeared on the Yakyū-ken Corner of the broadcast "Mecha-Mecha Iketeru!" on 24 August the same year and became a topic on the internet. In November of the same year, he received membership of Japan Mensa, an organization of people with IQ with the world's top 2%. Broadcast on the same day of the same month Iwanaga appeared as a member of the "Ikemen Intelli Army" on "Otameshika'! & Q-sama!! Gattai 2-jikan SP".
March 2014 After "Men's Non-no" exclusive model graduation (magazine publication up to the June issue) appears as a free model "Baila", "JJ", and other women's magazines. Iwanaga appeared in several advertisements including the Walkman F series. In addition, he participated in the writing of the medical part of Chapter 2, "Science and Technology Explaining in English" written by Ichida Kazuzo and Ueda Toshiko etc., his fields to be active are diverse.
Iwanaga's role of of "Kamen Rider Ex-Aid" broadcast in October 2016 is his first television drama appearance.


Putra Specialist Hospital

Putra Specialist Hospital is a private hospital in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia .
Putra Specialist Hospital (Batu Pahat) Sdn. Bhd (Formerly known as The Southern Hospital Batu Pahat Sdn. Bhd), established in 1998 as Batu Pahat Specialist and managed by Rupadah Sdn Bhd. The Southern Hospital Sdn Bhd took over on 8 February 1994 and named it The Southern Hospital (Batu Pahat) Sdn Bhd with equity 100% owned by Melaka State Government. Its opening was officiated by YB Dato Chui Jui Meng then the Minister of Health on 6 November 1995.
The hospital became Putra Specialist Hospital on 1 June 2006.
The hospital is licensed for 88 beds and has 14 resident consultants and 4 visiting consultants from various fields.


Australian Pharmaceutical Industries

Australian Pharmaceutical Industries (API) is a health and beauty company in Australia that is involved in pharmaceutical distribution, retailing and manufacturing. API is Australia's largest wholesale distributor of pharmaceutical and allied products. The company is involved in retailing through company-owned stores and franchise operations. API is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and operates in the retail health and beauty industry under the following brands: Priceline, Priceline Pharmacy, Soul Pattinson and Pharmacist Advice.
History.
Australian Pharmaceutical Industries was incorporated as Chemists' Co-operative of New South Wales Limited in 1910 and later became known as Wholesale Drug Co before adopting its current name, Australian Pharmaceutical Industries, in 1971.
API acquired Newmans & Western Pharmaceuticals in 1996, and in the following year Amed Supplies Australia was acquired to increase its coverage in medical and surgical products for the hospital market.
API was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange on 16 June 1997.
Chemworld Chemist, a new retail pharmacy banner group, was launched in 1998. API acquired the pharmaceutical wholesaling and manufacturing operations of Washington H. Soul Pattinson in 2000.
On 29 October 2001, API purchased Hospital Supplies of Australia, the hospital and medical wholesale distribution business previously owned by the Victorian Healthcare Association. This enabled API to extend its distribution business to the public and private hospital market.
On 1 October 2002, API acquired the Interpacific and Interpharma businesses in New Zealand. These companies operated pharmacy wholesaling and retailing to New Zealand, the manufacture of over the counter pharmaceuticals, and wholesale distribution of dental products. This acquisition included Zuellig Pharma Limited, PSM Healthcare Limited and Halas Dental Limited.
The retail brands of Priceline, Priceline Pharmacy, House and Price Attack were acquired on 6 October 2004 from the New Price Retail business. This propelled API to restructure its operations to focus primarily on growing its pharmaceutical distribution, retailing and manufacturing business. The retail led strategy was established by Jeff Sher, the architect of the Priceline Pharmacy model.
The next year API continued to narrow its focus to the pharmacy channel and sold the Halas Dental business.
In 2005, API formed a joint venture with ABN AMRO Capital Advisory Australia Pty Ltd. Later that year, the newly formed joint venture then acquired Clifford Hallam Pharmaceuticals Pty Limited.
API sold its New Zealand healthcare and logistics pharmacy business on 14 December 2005.
In 2007, API divested its House and Price Attack brands as part of its retail strategy to focus on Priceline.
Senior management.
The directors of API are as follows:
Controversies.
Accounting discrepancies.
In 2006 after the implementation of a new IT system, the company found $17.2 million of the company's declared profit had disappeared. Forensic Accountants called in could not find any trace of the money. API chose to write the full amount off their annual profit, causing a net loss of $17.2 million. The company's CEO Jeff Sher resigned after a strategic difference with the board in relation to the treatment of the accounting discrepancy which was proven to have historical significance predating the API acquisition of Priceline.
WorkChoices.
The Priceline division shed 32 workers for "operational reasons" under the new WorkChoices Legislation. One of these workers, Andrew Cruickshank, a store layout planner, alleged Priceline fired him on his $101,000 a year contract, replacing him with someone on a $75 000 contract. Priceline claimed otherwise, "It was not the same role...the person wouldn't have been capable of doing the same things". The AIRC ruled in favour of Priceline and found that Cruickshank's termination resulted from Priceline's financial difficulties and the subsequent decision to reorganise its structure.
Sigma takeover.
Rival company Sigma Pharmaceuticals had attempted to take over API in 2002, but had been blocked by the ACCC. Sigma made another bid in 2006, and discussions continued until 11 December 2006, when Sigma withdrew its bid.