Asthma Canada

Asthma Canada, formerly the Asthma Society of Canada, is a non-profit charity dedicated to enhancing the quality of life and health for people living with asthma and associated allergies. They have a threefold focus in education, research, and advocacy, to continue improving lives for all those with asthma. The vision of Asthma Canada is a future without asthma. Asthma Canada represents over 3.8 million Canadians living with asthma, along with their caregivers and all others impacted by asthma, and also provides resources for people suffering from allergies.
History.
The Asthma Society of Canada was founded in 1973 to fill the need for an organization that was solely dedicated to relieving those suffering from asthma. The organization was a coalition, formed of asthma community members and leading Canadian researchers, with the purpose of using science and community support to help people with asthma lead better lives. At the time of founding, a Professional Advisory Committee was established by Dr. Cecil Collins-Williams of the Toronto General Hospital, Dr. Irvin Broder of the Gage Research Institute, and Dr. Harold Williams of the Crippled Children's Centre. Asthma Canada continues its history of being driven by the scientific community, ensuring that all information they publish comes from valid sources and peer-reviewed studies. Once the non-profit status was attained, the ASC went straight into fundraising and kept their focus primarily in education.
Since the founding of ASC, it has undergone significant developments. Its name was formally changed to Asthma Canada in 2017, and has broadened their focus to bring about support services, research, and advocacy.
Mission.
The mission of Asthma Canada is to help Canadians with asthma lead healthy and active lives through education, advocacy, and research. Relying on donor support, Asthma Canada works toward:
What They Do.
Asthma Canada seeks to cover all bases when it comes to helping Canadians with asthma. Educating the public continues to be a priority for AC, driving them to consistently release information about how to live well with asthma on their website and social media pages. Their focus on advocating for Canadians with asthma has brought them to an anti-coal clean air initiative, and urges for comprehensive healthcare on the part of the Canadian government to increase access to prescription medication. They currently head two research funds, the Dr. Goran Enhorning Asthma Research Fund and the Bastable-Potts Asthma Research Fund, amassing a total of $170,000 for graduate research since 2017.
Asthma and Allergy HelpLine.
Asthma Canada provides a free call-back service connecting Canadians with Certified Respiratory Educators (CREs) via phone or email.
CREs are located all across Canada and are experts in the field of asthma and allergy education. They can provide up-to-date information and personalized advice in both English and French about:
Asthma Canada's Asthma and Allergy HelpLine is available at 1-866-787-4050.
The Asthma Canada Member Alliance.
The Asthma Canada Member Alliance (ACMA), formerly known as the National Asthma Patient Alliance, was founded in 2008 in Hamilton, Ontario. It is directed by a group of volunteers representing each province and territory in Canada. ACMA exists so that people with asthma can come together and do their part in education and advocacy so that others with their condition to get the help they deserve. The goal of ACMA is to increase patient awareness of how to achieve optimal asthma control, address communication and advocacy needs of asthma patients, and build a network of patient volunteers dedicated to improving asthma care and education.
Other Programs.
Asthma Canada believes that all Canadians living with asthma should have equitable and timely access to prescription medications based on the best possible health outcomes rather than ability to pay. Asthma Canada spearheaded a letter writing campaign to the Canadian government to advocate for equitable access to prescription medication, and continues to participate in advocacy campaigns that affect Canadians with asthma.
Asthma Canada is the official Canadian partner of the Asthma and Allergy Friendly certification program, operated by Allergy Standards Limited, which tests and certifies household products on a pass/fail basis for allergen reduction. Team Asthma is a brand which promotes asthma awareness and healthy lifestyles through participation in running races, triathlons, and other athletic competitions. Anyone with a connection to asthma is encouraged to join Team Asthma and wear the clothing during competitions.
Asthma Canada runs the Asthma Ambassadors program, which allows interested Canadians an opportunity to volunteer spreading asthma information in their communities. This is done through peer-to-peer support, providing education packages to their friends, and placing them in visible community locations.


Samy Azer

Samy A. Azer is an Egyptian-born Australian physician author and medical educator who has contributed to medical education internationally.
Academic career.
Professor Azer has contributed to medical education at the University of Sydney (1997–1998) and the University of Melbourne (1999–2006). He is Professor of Medical Education and the Chair of Curriculum and Research Unit at King Saud University College of Medicine in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He was Professor of Medical Education and the Chair of Medical Education Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, from 2007 to 2009. Prior to this, he had a distinguished career in clinical medicine, research, and medical education.
Prior to joining Universiti Teknologi MARA, he was a Visiting Professor of Medical Education at the University of Toyama, and Senior Lecturer in Medical Education at the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, the University of Melbourne, from 1999 to 2006, and Senior Lecturer in Medical Education at the University of Sydney from 1997 to 1998, Post-doctoral Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, Kansas Medical Centre, Kansas, USA, 1995.
His clinical work and research was in the area of gastroenterology and hepatology and he was awarded a PhD in Medicine from the University of Sydney in 1995, Master of Education from the University of New South Wales in 1993, Fellowship of the American College of Gastroenterology in 1998, and Master of Public Health, from the University of New South Wales in 2005.
During his career he was appointed as an editor at PLOS ONE, the MEDICINE Journal, and the World Journal of Gastroenterology. He was also on the editorial board of the International Journal of Medical Education, BMC Medical Education, and the Editorial Board of MedEDWorld, as well as other journals and joint membership of the policy committee of the ASME, the UK. He is the convener of PBL-SIG, for the Australia and New Zealand Association for Medical Education (ANZAME).
He has published widely in the area of Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Medical Education, and Assessment and has written a number of books on PBL. Over the last 10 years he trained over 1500 academics in the area of Problem-Based Learning. His trainees were from a wide range of disciplines including medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, dentistry, occupational therapy, speech pathology, nutrition, education, management and administration, business, engineering, leadership and law. His trainees were from universities in Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Sweden and other countries.
During 2003 to 2006, he has also introduced PBL to 6 schools in the eastern region of Victoria, Australia,


Kathryn McPherson

Kathryn Margaret McPherson is a New Zealand medical researcher and administrator. As of 2018 she is a full professor at the Auckland University of Technology and chief executive of the Health Research Council of New Zealand.
Academic career.
After training as a nurse in Australia and a midwife in Scotland, McPherson did a 1998 PhD from the University of Edinburgh titled " 'Functional recovery after brain injury rehabilitation' ". McPherson moved to Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand, receiving many research grants and holding numerous posts, including the board of Work and Income.
Since 2015 McPherson has been chief executive of the Health Research Council of New Zealand.
McPherson's research focuses on rehabilitation and return-to-work, especially after brain injuries and events.


Kampo

, often known simply as , is the study of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan following its introduction, beginning in the 7th century. then adapted and modified to suit Japanese culture and traditions. Traditional Japanese medicine (TJM), uses most of the Chinese therapies including acupuncture and moxibustion, and traditional Chinese herbology and traditional food therapy.
History.
Origins.
According to Chinese mythology, the origins of traditional Chinese medicine are traced back to the three legendary sovereigns Fuxi, Shennong and Yellow Emperor. Shennong is believed to have tasted hundreds of herbs to ascertain their medicinal value and effects on the human body and help relieve people of their sufferings. The oldest written record focussing solely on the medicinal use of plants was the "Shennong Ben Cao Jing" which was compiled around the end of the first century B.C. and is said to have classified 365 species of herbs or medicinal plants.
Chinese medical practices were introduced to Japan during the 6th century A.D. In 608, Empress Suiko dispatched E-Nichi, Fuku-In and other young physicians to China. It is said that they studied medicine there for 15 years. Until 838, Japan sent 19 missions to Tang China. While the officials studied Chinese government structures, physicians and many of the Japanese monks absorbed Chinese medical knowledge.
Early Japanese adaptation.
In 702 A.D., the Taihō Code was promulgated as an adaptation of the governmental system of China's Tang Dynasty. One section called for the establishment of a university ("daigaku") including a medical school with an elaborate training program, but due to incessant civil war this program never became effective. Empress Kōmyō (701–760) established the "Hidenin" and "Seyakuin" in the Kōfuku-Temple (Kōfuku-ji) in Nara, being two Buddhist institutions that provided free healthcare and medicine for the needy. For centuries to come Japanese Buddhist monks were essential in conveying Chinese medical know-how to Japan and in providing health care for both the elite and the general population.
In 753 A.D., the Chinese priest Jianzhen (in Japanese Ganjin), who was well-versed in medicine, arrived in Japan after five failed attempts in 12 years to cross the East China Sea. As he was blind, he used his sense of smell to identify herbs. He brought medical texts and a large collection of materia medica to the imperial palace in Nara, which he dedicated to the Emperor Shōmu in 756, 49 days after the emperor's death. They are kept in a log-cabin-style treasure house of the Tōdai-Temple (Tōdai-ji) known as Shōsōin.
In 787 A.D., the "Newly Revised Materia Medica" ("Xinxiu Bencao", 659 A.D.), which had been sponsored by the Tang Imperial Court, became an obligatory text in the study of medicine at the Japanese Health Ministry, but many of the 844 medicinal substances described in this book were not available in Japan at the time. Around 918 A.D., a Japanese medical dictionary entitled "Japanese names of (Chinese) Materia Medica" ("Honzō-wamyō") was compiled, quoting from 60 Chinese medical works.
During the Heian Period, Tanba Yasuyori (912–995) compiled the first Japanese medical book, Ishinpō ("Prescriptions from the Heart of Medicine"), drawing from numerous Chinese texts, some of which have perished later. During the period from 1200 to 1600, medicine in Japan became more practical. Most of the physicians were Buddhist monks who continued to use the formulas, theories and practices that had been introduced by the early envoys from Tang China.
Early revision.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Japanese physicians began to achieve a more independent view on Chinese medicine. After 12 years of studies in China Tashiro Sanki (1465–1537) became the leading figure of a movement called "Followers of Later Developments in Medicine" ("Gosei-ha"). This school propagated the teachings of Li Dongyuan and Zhu Tanxi that gradually superseded the older doctrines from the Song dynasty. Manase Dōsan, one of his disciples, adapted Tashiro's teachings to Japanese conditions. Based on his own observation and experience, he compiled a book on internal medicine in 8 volumes ("Keiteki-shū") and established an influential private medical school ("Keiteki-in") in Kyōto. His son Gensaku wrote a book of case studies ("Igaku tenshō-ki") and developed a considerable number of new herb formulas.
From the second half of the 17th century, a new movement, the "Followers of Classic Methods" ("Kohō-ha"), evolved, which emphasized the teachings and formulas of the Chinese classic "Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders" ("Shanghan Lun", in Japanese "Shōkan-ron"). While the etiological concepts of this school were as speculative as those of the "Gosei-ha", the therapeutic approaches were based on empirical observations and practical experience. This return to "classic methods" was initiated by Nagoya Gen'i (1628–1696), and advocated by influential proponents such as Gotō Gonzan (1659–1733), Yamawaki Tōyō (1705–1762), and Yoshimasu Tōdō (1702–1773). Yoshimasu is considered to be the most influential figure. He accepted any effective technique, regardless of its particular philosophical background. Yoshimasu's abdominal diagnostics are commonly credited with differentiating early modern Traditional Japanese medicine (TJM) from Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
During the later part of the Edo period, many Japanese practitioners began to utilize elements of both schools. Some, such as Ogino Gengai (1737–1806), Ishizaka Sōtetsu (1770–1841), or Honma Sōken (1804–1872), even tried to incorporate Western concepts and therapies, which had made their way into the country through physicians at the Dutch trading-post Dejima (Nagasaki). Although Western medicine gained some ground in the field of surgery, there was not much competition between "Eastern" and "Western" schools until the 19th century, because even adherents of "Dutch-Studies" (Rangaku) were very eclectic in their actual practice.
Traditional medicine never lost its popularity throughout the Edo period, but it entered a period of rapid decline shortly after the Meiji Restoration. In 1871, the new government decided to modernize medical education based on the German medical system. Starting in 1875, new medical examinations focused on natural sciences and Western medical disciplines. In October 1883, a law retracted the licenses of any existing traditional practitioner. Despite losing legal standing, a small number of traditional physicians continued to practice privately. Some of them, such as Yamada Gyōkō (1808–1881), Asada Sōhaku (1813–1894), and Mori Risshi (1807–1885), organized an "Association to Preserve [Traditional] Knowledge" ("Onchi-sha") and started to set up small hospitals. However, by 1887, the organization was disbanded due to internal policy dissent and the death of leading figures. The "Imperial Medical Association" ("Teikoku Ikai"), founded in 1894, was short-lived too. In 1895, the 8th National Assembly of the Diet vetoed a request to continue the practice of Kampō. When Azai Kokkan (1848–1903), one of the main activists, died, the Kampō-movement was almost stamped out.
Era of Western influence.
Any further attempt to save traditional practices had to take into account Western concepts and therapies. Therefore, it was graduates from medical faculties, trained in Western medicine, who began to set out to revive traditional practices. In 1910, Wada Keijūrō (1872‐1916) published "The Iron Hammer of the Medical World" ("Ikai no tettsui"). Yumoto Kyūshin (1876–1942), a graduate from Kanazawa Medical School, was so impressed by this book that he became a student of Dr. Wada. His "Japanese-Chinese Medicine" ("Kōkan igaku"), published in 1927, was the first book on Kampō medicine in which Western medical findings were used to interpret classical Chinese texts. In 1927, Nakayama Tadanao (1895–1957) presented his "New Research on Kampō-Medicine" ("Kampō-igaku no shin kenkyū"). Another "convert" was Ōtsuka Keisetsu (1900–1980), who became one of the most famous Kampō practitioners of the 20th century.
This gradual revival was supported by the modernization of the dosage form of herbal medicine. During the 1920s, the Nagakura Pharmaceutical Company in Osaka began developing dried decoctions in a granular form. At about the same time, Tsumura Juntendō, a company founded by Tsumura Jūsha (1871–1941) in 1893, established a research institute to promote the development of standardized Kampō medicine. Gradually, these "Japanese-Chinese remedies" ("wakan-yaku") became a standard method of Kampō medicine administration.
In 1937, new researchers such as Yakazu Dōmei (1905–2002) started to promote Kampō at the so-called “Takushoku University Kampo Seminar”. More than 700 people attended these seminars that continued after the war. In 1938, following a proposal of Yakazu, the "Asia Medicine Association" was established. In 1941, Takeyama Shinichirō published his "Theories on the Restoration of Kampō Medicine" ("Kampō-ijutsu fukkō no riron", 1941). In that same year, Yakazu, Ōtsuka, Kimura Nagahisa, and Shimizu Fujitarō (1886–1976) completed a book entitled "The Actual Practice of Kampō Medicine" ("Kampō shinryō no jissai"). By including Western medical disease names he greatly expanded the usage of Kampō formulas. A new version of this influential manual was printed in 1954. This book was also translated into Chinese. A completely revised version was published in 1969 under the title "Medical Dictionary of Kampō Practice" ("Kampō Shinryō Iten").
In 1950, Ōtsuka Keisetsu, Yakazu Dōmei, Hosono Shirō (1899–1989), Okuda Kenzō (1884–1961), and other leaders of the pre- and postwar Kampō revival movement established the "Japan Society for Oriental Medicine" ("Nippon Tōyō Igakkai") with 89 members (2014: more than 9000 members). In 1960, raw materials for crude drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia ("Nippon Yakkyoku-hō") received official drug prices under the National Health Insurance (NHI, "Kokumin kenkō hoken").
Approved Kampō medicines.
Today in Japan, Kampō is integrated into the Japanese national health care system. In 1967, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved four Kampō medicines for reimbursement under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. In 1976, 82 kampo medicines were approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This number has increased to 148 Kampo formulation extracts, 241 crude drugs, and 5 crude drug preparations.
Rather than modifying formulae as in Traditional Chinese medicine, the Japanese Kampō tradition uses fixed combinations of herbs in standardized proportions according to the classical literature of Chinese medicine. Kampō medicines are produced by various manufacturers. However, each medicine is composed of exactly the same ingredients under the Ministry's standardization methodology. The medicines are therefore prepared under strict manufacturing conditions that rival pharmaceutical companies. In October 2000, a nationwide study reported that 72% of registered physicians prescribe Kampō medicines. New Kampō medicines are being evaluated using modern techniques to evaluate their mechanism of action .
Herbs.
The 14th edition of the "Japanese Pharmacopoeia" (JP, "Nihon yakkyokuhō") lists 165 herbal ingredients that are used in Kampō medicines. Lots of the Kampō products are routinely tested for heavy metals, purity, and microbial content to eliminate any contamination. Kampō medicines are tested for the levels of key chemical constituents as markers for quality control on every formula. This is carried out from the blending of the raw herbs to the end product according to the Ministry's pharmaceutical standards.
Medicinal mushrooms like Reishi and Shiitake are herbal products with a long history of use. In Japan, the "Agaricus blazei" mushroom is a highly popular herb, which is used by close to 500,000 people. In Japan, "Agaricus blazei" is also the most popular herb used by cancer patients.
The second most used herb is an isolate from the Shiitake mushroom, known as Active Hexose Correlated Compound.
Kampō outside Japan.
In the United States, Kampō is practiced mostly by acupuncturists, Chinese medicine practitioners, naturopath physicians, and other alternative medicine professionals. Kampō herbal formulae are studied under clinical trials, such as the clinical study of Honso Sho-saiko-to (H09) for treatment of hepatitis C at the New York Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C at the UCSD Liver Center. Both clinical trials are sponsored by Honso USA, Inc., a branch of Honso Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Japan.


Colin Murdoch

Colin Albert Murdoch (6 February 1929 – 4 May 2008) was a New Zealand pharmacist and veterinarian who made a number of significant inventions, in particular the tranquilliser gun, the disposable hypodermic syringe and the child-proof medicine container. He had a total of 46 patents registered in his name.
Biographical background.
Born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1929, to parents Mary Kathleen and Frank William James, Murdoch displayed a talent for chemistry at a very early age. Although he struggled through his schooling years with dyslexia, Murdoch already displayed an interest in both mechanical and technical skills. At the age of ten he successfully made gunpowder and came to the realization that an ignition could be caused by the mixing of certain nitrates and sulphuric acid. This discovery led the young Murdoch to build a successful firearm using a wick and a small asbestos-filled hammer.
At the age of 13 he was awarded the Royal Humane Society Medal for saving a drowning man in the New Brighton estuary.
Murdoch later came to outgrow his dyslexia and went on to study at The College of Pharmacy in Wellington. Following this, he completed a five-year apprenticeship and, like his father, became a pharmacist. He later studied to become a veterinarian, as he had an interest in not only human welfare, but also the welfare of animals.
Disposable hypodermic syringe.
Both a pharmacist and a veterinarian, Murdoch was aware of the risks in reusing syringes. There was a high risk of passing infection from one patient to the next in both humans and animals unless the glass syringe was sterilized accurately. Wanting to eliminate these risks, and needing a more effective vaccination for his animal patients, Murdoch designed and invented the disposable hypodermic syringe, a plastic version of its glass predecessor. Murdoch presented the design to officials of the New Zealand Department of Health, who were skeptical, and believed it “too futuristic”, and that it would not be received well by both doctors and patients. Development of the syringe was held off for a few years due to lack of funding. Eventually, when he was granted both patents, Murdoch’s syringe became hugely successful, with millions used throughout the world every day. It is not widely known as a New Zealand design, although Murdoch's achievements have been covered in the New Zealand media.
Tranquilliser gun.
In the 1950s, while working with colleagues who were studying introduced wild goat, deer and tahr populations in New Zealand, Murdoch had the idea that the animals would be much easier to catch, examine and release if a dose of tranquilliser could be administered by projection from afar. Murdoch became experienced with repairing and modifying guns during World War II, as rifles and shot guns were not being imported into New Zealand at that time. With both motive and experience, Murdoch went on to develop a range of rifles, darts and pistols, which have had an enormous impact on the treatment and study of animals around the world.
At the time Murdoch started testing his gun, the only tranquilliser drugs available were curare and alkaloids of nicotine, both of which tended to have fatal reactions in a high percentage of animals. In partnership with pharmaceutical companies, he helped develop more sophisticated drugs with precise and safe reactions.
Paxarms Limited (which stands for peace and arms), Murdoch’s own company, has developed various systems for administering veterinary products to a range of animals.
Recognition.
Colin Murdoch has been acknowledged for his life's work. In 1976 he won three gold medals and a bronze at the World Inventions Fair in Brussels. The New Zealand Design Council has also honoured him, and in the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honours he was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to inventing. "Time" magazine included him in a list of the 100 most influential people of the South Pacific.
Despite the relative ubiquity of his inventions, Murdoch did not become rich because of them. He deliberately chose not to sue companies that violated his patents, satisfied instead that they were being put to good use.
In his final years he lived quietly in Timaru until his death from cancer.


Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri

Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri () is a psychiatric hospital with centers spread all around the capital region (Region Hovedstaden) of Denmark, mainly consisting of Copenhagen, northern Zealand, and Bornholm.
Hospitals in Denmark are run by the administrative regions which came into effect with the municipal reform on January 1, 2007. Some months later, the psychiatry and somatics were administratively split apart, meaning that psychiatric departments of hospitals would no longer be under administration of the hospital they had been attached to. Instead, all the psychiatric departments in Region Hovedstaden would sort under a region-wide entity called "Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri", which would in all matters be equivalent to more traditional hospitals, except that it wouldn't have a single location.
Most notably, Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri encompasses former psychiatric wards from such hospitals as Amager Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Frederiksberg Hospital, Glostrup Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital and Rigshospitalet. Though the psychiatric Sankt Hans Hospital in Roskilde does not geographically sort under Region Hovedstaden, it belongs to Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri administratively as well.
Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri has about 5,000 employees, and treats about 35,000 patients with mental disorders each year, which is about 40% of the total psychiatric treatment given in Denmark.
Mental health centres.
Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri is divided into mental health centres, each taking patients from their geographical areas. These are Mental Health Centre Amager, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen (a merger of the previous Mental Health Centres Bispebjerg and Rigshospitalet), Mental Health Centre Frederiksberg, Mental Health Centre Hvidovre, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Mental Health Centre Bornholm, Mental Health Centre Gentofte, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, and Mental Health Centre Nordsjælland. In addition, there are individual mental health centres for children and adolescents in Bispebjerg, Glostrup, and Hillerød.
All of these centers have community mental health centers, and many of them have teams for assertive community treatment as well.
Opus teams.
Opus teams for early detection and intensive case management of young psychotic patients were established in Århus and Copenhagen in 1998 by professor Merete Nordentoft. It started as a randomized controlled trial and has now become part of the Danish standard treatment program. Results from follow-up analysis at both one and two years revealed marked improvements in areas such as transition rates from schizotypal disorder to psychotic disorder, positive and negative symptoms, substance abuse, adherence to treatment, satisfaction with treatment, and other clinical and social outcome measures
Research.
Several research projects are undertaken in Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri. At Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, for instance, research projects about treatment of cannabis abuse in patients with a psychotic illness (the CapOpus trial), training of cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia (the Neurocom trial), and suicide prevention are currently running.
Mental Health Centre Glostrup houses the "Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research" (CNSR) which aims at investigating the association between brain functions and psychotic symptoms in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. this involves psychopathological, neuropsychological, and psychophysiological tests and MRI, SPECT, and PET scans. CNSR was the first group to show the association between dopamine receptors and psychotic symptoms in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.
Other research projects on depression, mania, somatoform disorders, sexology, anxiety, phobias, infant psychiatry etc. are also undertaken at the various mental health centres in Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri.
Other.
The hospital is a teaching hospital for medical students from Copenhagen University.


Michael Kilborn

Michael John Kilborn (born 20 September 1962) is an Australian former cricketer and a cardiologist and electrophysiologist at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney.
Early life.
Kilborn was born at Gunnedah, New South Wales in September 1962. He completed his Higher School Certificate at Tamworth's Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School in 1980, placing eighth in New South Wales that year. He initially intended to study science and law, but changed to science and medicine at the last moment under the influence of his grandmother. He studied medicine at the **.
Cricket.
While studying at Oxford, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Oxford University against Gloucstershire at Oxford in 1986. He played first-class cricket for Oxford until 1990, making 29 appearances. Playing as a batsman, he scored 1,217 runs at an average of 28.97. He made seven half centuries, with a high score of 95. With his part-time right-arm medium pace bowling, he took 6 wickets with best figures of 3 for 37. Kilborn also made two first-class appearances for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricket team against the touring Pakistanis in 1987 and the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In addition to playing first-class cricket while at Oxford, he also made two List A one-day appearances for the Combined Universities cricket team in the 1988 Benson & Hedges Cup.
Medicine.
After graduating from Oxford with a DPhil in Physiological Sciences, Kilborn became a cardiologist. Before returning permanently to Australia, he spent over 3 years in the United States as a Fellow and Assistant Professor in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology and in Clinical Pharmacology at the Georgetown University Medical Center and the Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center. He is the senior staff cardiologist and director of the Arrhythmia Service and ECG Laboratory at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney.


An-Najah National University

An-Najah National University () is a Palestinian non-governmental public university governed by a board of trustees. It is located in Nablus, in the northern West Bank. The university has 22,000 students and 300 professors in 19 faculties. It is the largest Palestinian university.
Manifesto.
It was chartered as a full-fledged university in 1977.
Timeline.
1941: The institution was named An-Najah College.
Student body.
Most of the students are Palestinian, but there are also students and professors from all over the world. Languages spoken on campus include Arabic, Hebrew, English, French, and Spanish.
Faculty.
The university president is Professor Dr. Rami Hamdallah. The vice-president for academic affairs is Professor Dr. Maher Natsheh and the vice-president for administration affairs is Dr. Shaker AlBitar.
Ansam Sawalha, who is the dean of the faculty of pharmacy, is the first Palestinian woman named to the Women in Science Hall of Fame in 2011. Sawalha was honored for her achievement of establishing the first Poison Control and Drug Information Center in the Palestinian Territories in 2006.
Political conflicts regarding faculty.
In 2010 six members of the faculty including Ghassan Khaled were arrested by Palestinian Authority security forces for being closely linked to a charity that is suspected of being a front for Hamas. In 2011, Abdel Sattar Qassem, a professor of political science at the university and critic of the Palestinian leadership was arrested by the Palestinian Authority following a complaint by the university president that Qassem had written an article critical of the university administration for refusing to comply with a court order rescinding its decision to expel four students. Qassem had been targeted in the past by Palestinian security forces, and was at one point shot and wounded.
Courses.
The university has sixteen scientific faculties and humanities faculties. An-Najah offers undergraduate instruction in the fields of medicine, engineering, humanities, social sciences and the natural sciences, as well as courses of graduate study in humanities and the social sciences.
Cooperation and foreign exchange.
The university has several partner universities. These account with their exchange students for a significant part of the foreign students at An-Najah. Another number of foreign students are drawn to An-Najah for the courses in Arabic for foreigners offered by the university.
Twinnings.
There is twinning between An-Najah National University and several British student unions:


Tamar Ziskind

Tamar Ziskind (; born February 23, 1985) is a beauty pageant contestant who represented Israel in Miss World 2008 in South Africa. She has worked as a psychometrics instructor and has studied dentistry.


South Okkalapa Maternal and Child Hospital

The South Okkalapa Women and Children Hospital () is a 150-bedded specialist public hospital in South Okkalapa Township of Yangon. Colonel Tun Sein (B.A Zeyya Kyaw Htin Thiripyin Chi Thu) laid foundation for the hospital on 18 February 1960 and U Nu, the first Prime Minister of Myanmar, officially opened it as a Catholic Missionary Hospital on 1 May 1961. It became a 100-bedded specialist hospital for women and children on 12 July 1965 and then was upgraded to a 150-bedded Women and Children Hospital on 19 August 1987.
It is also a teaching hospital affiliated with University of Medicine 2, Yangon.
Services Providing Areas.
The hospital is providing services for the following townships.
Medical Superintendent.
Dr. Win Maw Oo - M.B.,B.S, Dip.Meds.Sc (Hospital Administration)


William Thompson (physician)

Sir William John Thompson (May 1861 – 9 June 1929) was a physician who became Registrar General for Ireland from 1909 to 1926.
Life.
He was born in Tattyreagh, County Tyrone to farmer William Thompson, in May 1861. He was educated at Enniskillen, at Trinity College, Dublin and at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin. He graduated MD in 1895 and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland in 1902. Thompson married Mary Louise (née Wilson) on 9 September 1891. On 9 June 1929 he died in this home, 59 Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin.
Career.
Thompson was appointed house physician in St Vincent's Hospital, Dublin in 1895. He was elected demonstrator of anatomy at the RCSI, and later was appointed visiting and then senior physician to Jervis Street Hospital. Whilst serving as the physician-in-ordinary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Thompson became involved in the Women's National Health Association of Ireland, an initiative of Lady Aberdeen. Thompson was knighted in 1907 for services to medicine.
Throughout his career Thompson paid particular attention to infantile diseases and tuberculosis, serving as a member of the committee for the 1907 Tuberculosis Exhibition. The resulting lecture, "Home treatment and nursing of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dublin", was included in the second volume of three of "Ireland's Crusade Against Tuberculosis (1908-1909)", published by Lady Aberdeen.
He became Registrar General for Ireland in 1909 and served until 1926. Thompson was in this office during the Spanish flu epidemic, and noted that the Irish deaths attributed to it were conservative. He was appointed Chairman of Census Commission in 1911, overseeing the first census of the Irish Free State in 1926. He served as the 26th president of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland from 1918 to 1920.
Thereafter held a large number of other positions, dealing both with medicine and statistics. He was a frequent contributor to the Dublin Journal of Medical Science and similar journals.


Gael Jennings

Marjorie Gael Jennings (born 7 June 1951) is currently an Honorary Fellow at the Centre for Advancing Journalism at the University of Melbourne. She is also a presenter and commentator for ABC TV, co-host of the ABC Radio 774 "Conversation Hour" program, and executive director of MediaDoc.
Education.
After graduating with a First Class Honours BSc from the University of Melbourne, Jennings completed her PhD in Immunology at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in 1982.
Career.
Upon completion of her PhD, Jennings chose a path in media and became the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's first National Science and Medical Reporter for TV News (1986–1989), for the TV Current Affairs program "The 7.30 Report" (1992–1996), and for the weekly TV Science show, "Quantum" ( 1989–1992). She was presenter of ABC Radio 774 mid-morning and afternoon shows (1996–1990), until joining SBS TV where she presented the live weekly TV Current Affairs programme "Insight".
In 2004, Jennings became a regular member of "The Brains Trust" on ABC TV's "Einstein Factor" quiz show for 5 years. In 2006, Jennings worked at the ABC TV network as a development producer for documentaries in the genres of Science, Religion, Ethics, Natural History and Indigenous Production. She appeared in ABC TV and Adam Zwar's HighWire Film's sixth "Agony" series in 2015, alongside her daughter, writer and ABC reporter Grace Jennings-Edquist.
Jennings runs MediaDoc, a science communication and media management and training business. Jennings was the Chief Executive Officer at a non-profit organisation called Greatconnections Ltd. for two years (2008–10), now part of Leadership Victoria and in 2017 was an Honorary Fellow at the Centre for Advancing Journalism at the University of Melbourne, where she researches the role of media in violence against women and the impact of the internet on the brain.
She maintains her roles as ABC TV commentator, co-host for ABC Radio 774 from 1986–present, and travels as an invited speaker to various events.
Projects.
Jennings is the author of two books: the first, titled "Sick As!... Bloody Moments in the History of Medicine" was published in 2000, won the NSW Premiers History Award in the Young People's History category, and was shortlisted for the 2001 Children's Book Council Australia Award. The second, "Beyond Belief: How Five Australian Scientists Changed the World", was published in 2002.
Jennings has served on numerous Arts, Science, Education and Literary Boards, including the Melbourne Writers Festival Board, Museum Vic, Cancer Council Australia, Questacon (National Science and Technology Centre), Old Treasury Building, The Maths and Science Advisory Council (Vic)and is currently on the City of Melbourne Prevention of Violence Against Women Committee
Awards.
Jennings is the recipient of multiple awards, including:


Strathcona Community Hospital

The Strathcona Community Hospital is located in Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada, and provides 27 emergency beds with sufficient infrastructure capacity for 36 additional beds in the future. The hospital opened on May 21, 2014.
The hospital development was an issue in the Strathcona County municipal election, 2010. The incumbent mayor, Cathy Olesen, was defeated by Linda Osinchuk who ran a campaign attacking contemporary plans for the hospital which involved no overnight beds. After the election, the Alberta government announced revised plans to add beds to the hospital.
The project broke ground in 2007 and was expected to be completed in late 2009, but was put on hold due to the down turn in the economy. Construction was resumed in spring 2010 and was completed in 2014.
Main services.
The hospital will provide a variety of services.


Sunglass Hut

Sunglass Hut is an international retailer of sunglasses and sunglass accessories founded in Miami, Florida, United States, in 1971. Sunglass Hut is part of the Italian-based Luxottica Group, the world’s largest eyewear company.
As of December 31, 2008, the Luxottica Group operated 2,286 stores around the world, most of those as part of the Sunglass Hut brand.
Sunglass Hut stores are located in India, the United States, Mexico, Canada, the Caribbean, Brazil, continental Europe, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Africa and the Middle East including Israel.
History.
The first Sunglass Hut store opened in 1971 when optometrist Sanford L. Ziff set up in a freestanding kiosk in Miami's Dadeland Mall. The success of this kiosk prompted Ziff to open other Sunglass Hut locations in Miami, and by 1986, Ziff had opened approximately 100 Sunglass Hut outlets, achieving sales of $24 million a year.

Sunglass Hut entered eCommerce when it added the ability to purchase sunglasses to its US website.
In February 2001, the Luxottica Group acquired Sunglass Hut, paying US$653 million including debt and taking possession of 1,300 Sunglass Hut stores, 430 Sunglass Hut-Watch Station combination stores, and 228 stores that operated under either the Watch Station or Watch World banner.
The Watch Station International chain was sold to Fossil Inc. in December 2007.
Stores and locations.
Sunglass Hut operates 2,000 retail outlets in 20 countries: 1,562 in North America, 157 in Australia, 44 in New Zealand, 15 in Asia, 123 in South Africa, 81 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 33 in the Middle East, and 35 in India. , it is the most common store in American shopping malls.
Sunglass Hut store types include normal retail stores and shopping centre kiosks, retailers in airports, hotels and outlet centres, and premium "global" stores. Sunglass Hut has entered into a partnership with Macy’s to open stores within their department stores.
Sunglass Hut stores have opened in Australia, China, Thailand, India, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. In 2011, they continued to grow within Central and South America, opening up stores in Mexico and Brazil.
Strategic partnerships.
In May 2018, Sunglass Hut signed an agreement to bring their brand to Bass Pro Shops and Cabela's stores and e-commerce platforms. The first opened in May 2018. The annual target is sales of $100 million.


Louis Stromeyer

Georg Friedrich Louis Stromeyer (6 March 1804 – 15 June 1876) was a German surgeon. He was born and died in Hanover. He was the son of surgeon Christian Friedrich Stromeyer (1761–1824).
Biography.
From 1823, Stromeyer studied medicine at the University of Göttingen, receiving his doctorate in Berlin in 1826. In Göttingen he joined the German student Corps Hannovera. After graduation he undertook scientific travels throughout Europe, returning to Hanover in 1828, where he taught classes at the surgical school and founded an orthopedic institute. From 1838 to 1840 he was a professor of surgery at the University of Erlangen, followed by professorships at Munich (1841–42), Freiburg (1842–48) and Kiel.
During his career Stromeyer was Surgeon General of the Schleswig-Holstein and Hanoverian armies. During the Franco-Prussian War he served as "Consultierender Generalarzt" at the Battle of Sedan.
Stromeyer was a pioneer in orthopedics and orthopedic surgery. In 1831 he performed the first subcutaneous tenotomy (tendon surgery) of the Achilles tendon on a deformed foot. He introduced tenotomic surgery to England through a friend, English surgeon William John Little (1810–1894). Stromeyer performed the operation on Dr. Little in order to correct a clubfoot condition. Stromeyer was also a practitioner of maxillofacial surgery, being remembered for the eponymous "Stromeyer hook", a device used for zygomatic arch fractures.
He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1862.
His daughter Helene Marie Stromeyer became a known painter.


East Jerusalem Hospitals Network

The East Jerusalem Hospitals Network (EJHN) is a network of six hospitals in East Jerusalem. The network was founded in 1997 with the support of Palestinian politician Faisal Husseini. The network plays a crucial role in the Palestinian health care system.
The six hospitals.
The six hospitals are as follows:


Edgar Rubin

Edgar John Rubin (September 6, 1886 – May 3, 1951) was a Danish psychologist/phenomenologist, remembered for his work on figure-ground perception as seen in such optical illusions like the Rubin vase.
Born to Jewish parents, Rubin was born and raised in Copenhagen. Enrolling at the University of Copenhagen in 1904, he majored in psychology and finished his magister artium examination in philosophy in 1910.
Gestalt psychology.
Having specialized in figure–ground organization, Rubin spent the following two years as a research associate for Georg Elias Müller in Göttingen, Germany, examining the recognition of visual figures at different angles and sizes. His theories became influential within Gestalt psychology, yet Rubin is typically not included among the early influentials. Nor did he consider himself a Gestalt psychologist, being "sceptical of their attempts to construct wide-ranging theories". Nevertheless, his terminology was retained and featured in Kurt Koffka's "Principles of Gestalt Psychology".
In 1922, Rubin became Professor of Psychology at the University of Copenhagen, a position he held until his death in 1951.


Madeleine Pauliac

Madeleine Jeanne Marie Pauliac (17 September 1912—13 February 1946) was a French doctor and a member of the French Resistance. Her experience in post-World War II Poland formed the basis for the movie "Les Innocentes".
Life.
Pauliac was born in Villeneuve-sur-Lot. Pauliac's father, Roger Pauliac, died in 1916 in the Battle of Verdun. She wrote her thesis on the action of sulfamide derivatives in the treatment of cerebrospinal meningitis. At age 27, Pauliac was a hospital doctor in Paris. She became involved in the Résistance by supplying the French underground organization. She then took part in the Liberation of Paris and the campaign of the Vosges and Alsace.
In early 1945, as a medical lieutenant in the French military, Pauliac left for Moscow under the authority of General Catroux, Ambassador of France to Russia. On April 19, Pauliac was appointed chief doctor of the hospital of Warsaw, which was in ruins. She became responsible for the repatriation mission at the head of the French Red Cross. She performed more than 200 missions throughout Poland and the Soviet Union with the Blue Squadron, a unit of women ambulance volunteers of the French Red Cross ("Croix Rouge"), whose role was to search for, care for and repatriate the French who remained in Poland. On June 19, 1945, Pauliac wrote and sent a report on her trip to Danzig to Étienne Burin des Roziers, chief of staff to Général de Gaulle, to which the recipient responded on August 25, 1945.
Pauliac died in an automobile accident on 13 February 1946 in Sochaczew near Warsaw. She is buried in the Saint-Étienne cemetery of Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. Pauliac was posthumously awarded the National Order of the Legion d'Honneur with the rank of knight of the Croix de guerre 1939–1945 (France).
Feature film.
The feature film "Les Innocentes", directed by Anne Fontaine, from an original idea by Philippe Maynial (Pauliac's nephew), is based on Pauliac's experiences during her mission in Poland. The film was part of the official selection of the Sundance Film Festival in January 2016. The French national release was scheduled in theaters on February 10, 2016.


Howard Raphael

Howard Stirling "Mick" Raphael (13 June 1900 – 9 December 1944) was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1930 until his death, representing the seat of Victoria Park. Outside of politics, his profession was dentistry.
Raphael was born in Adelaide, South Australia, to Zara Jane (née Tuxford) and Joseph George Raphael. His great-uncle, William Wedd Tuxford, had been an MP in South Australia. Raphael spent his early childhood in Adelaide, attending Pulteney Grammar School, and later moved to Perth, attending the Perth Boys School and St Patrick's Boys' School. He began working as a dental assistant after leaving school, and eventually became a dental surgeon. Raphael was elected to the Perth City Council in 1924, and would hold a seat on the council for the rest of his life. He had a prominent position as chairman of the council's electricity and gas committee.
At the 1930 state election, Raphael was elected to the newly created seat of Victoria Park. He was re-elected at four more state elections, on each occasion with larger majorities. In October 1942, Raphael enlisted in a dental unit of the Australian Army, and was given the rank of captain. He died suddenly in December 1944 (aged 44), while stationed in Sydney. Raphael had been married twice, firstly to Vera Punston in 1925, with whom he had one son. He was widowed in 1932, and remarried in 1935 to Mary Stubbs, although he had no further children.


Dorothea Sandars

Dorothea Sandars (1919–2002) was an Australian academic and parasitologist who specialised in fish parasites.
Early life.
Dorothea Fanny Sandars was born in Perth, Western Australia in 1919. She attended Perth Modern School. Sandars graduated with a BSc with Honours in 1943, earning a Hackett scholarship. She investigated gill parasites of fish in West Australian waters. She continued her studies graduating with her MSc from the University of Western Australia in 1944 and earned a Hackett research studentship.
Career.
Sandars continued her postgraduate research at the University of Adelaide and was a demonstrator in zoology under Professor T. Harvey Johnston. She investigated fish parasites from material collected from the second Mawson Antarctic Expedition of 1929-31. She became active on committees which looked at student housing for students of Western Australia at the University of Adelaide, forming the Westralia Club. She also volunteered with the Australian Red Cross during World War II.
Sandars was appointed to an assistant lecturer position at the University of Queensland in 1946, teaching zoology, reef ecology and parasitology. She was a member of the Marine Biological Station Committee, which later established the Heron Island Research Station. In 1950, Sandars was promoted to Senior Lecturer in parasitology, and also worked with the Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR).
After being awarded the Ida Smedley Maclean Fellowship from the International Federation of University Women in 1954 Sandars spent a year in England studying at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, earning her PhD from the University of London in 1956.
She was an active member of the Australian Federation of University Women and successfully lobbied for its 15th world conference to be held in Australia for the first time, in Brisbane in 1965 where she was the convenor of the event. She was Sub Dean of the Faculty of Science from 1971-1981, when she retired from the university. Sandars received an honorary PhD from the University of Queensland in 1995, in recognition of her long standing work for the University.
Legacy.
Before her death, Sandars and her friend, Irene Lee agreed to provide a legacy for researchers, by funding a number of scholarships through the Churchill Fellowship Trust.


Prince Hamza Hospital

Prince Hamzah Hospital was established in 2006 in the Jordanian capital, Amman. It can accommodate about 436 beds, while the cost of its construction and equipment amounted to 56 million Jordanian dinars (approximately US$75 million).
It received recognition from the Jordanian Medical Council as an educational hospital in 2010. It is a government hospital with a decentralization system, which helped him to provide medicines, medical consumables and modern devices by placing direct bids, without waiting for the arrangements of the Ministry of Health, as well as the use of experts and technicians from inside and outside the hospital.
To take advantage of their expertise in all respects, just as it contributes to providing distinguished medical services by creating new medical specialties based on providing a treatment service that is not available in the public health sector.
Medical services.
The hospital provides a treatment service that is not available in the public health sector, including cardiac surgeries, cardiac catheters, diagnostic and therapeutic blood vessels, and kidney transplants.


Pamela Clauss

Pamela Clauss (17 August 1925 – 5 August 2001) was an Australian pioneering nurse, philanthropist and supporter of historical preservation and the arts.
Born as Pamela Heavey in Longueville, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, to Alison Maud (née Bennett) and John Aloysius Heavey, a New Zealand Navy veteran who had been decorated during World War I for bravery in the ANZAC landing at Gallipoli in 1915.
She graduated from Sacred Heart College in Kensington, Sydney and went on to attend nursing training at St. Vincent's Hospital, also in Sydney, in 1942. In 1956 following activities in Europe and England she returned to Australia and became a nursing sister in charge of St. Vincent's newly established cardio-thoracic surgical unit. Three years later she went to the Mayo Clinic as part of an exchange-training program, and in 1965 she joined the open-heart surgery team of Dr. Roy H. Clauss (who would become her husband in 1970) and Dr. George Reed in New York City. She went on to pioneer cardiac bypass surgery techniques at the Mayo Clinic, at New York University and at the New York Medical College.
Philanthropy.
She was dedicated to the following:
Personal life.
She married Dr. Clauss, a widower, in 1970, and remained in Manhattan for the rest of her career and married life until her death. They had no children, but she became stepmother to his three children. She was a devout Roman Catholic, although her husband was a Presbyterian deacon and elder. She died from cancer in 2001, 12 days before her 76th birthday.
Her funeral Mass was held at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola. She was survived by a large extended family in the USA including her husband Dr. Roy H. Claus (died 2007), stepchildren Roy, Elliot and Jane, and step-grandchildren, including a namesake. She also had an extensive family in Australia including two sisters: Jill and Phillipa, numerous nephews, nieces, and many grand-nephews and nieces. Philippa, was the late wife of Leslie Lazarus, of Sydney, an Officer of the Order of Australia.


Swati Piramal

Swati Piramal (born Swati Shah 28 March 1956) is an Indian scientist and industrialist, and is involved in healthcare, focusing on public health and innovation. She is the Vice Chairperson of Piramal Group, a business conglomerate with interests in pharmaceuticals, financial services, real estate and glass packaging.
Piramal has been awarded the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian honors, by the President of India in 2012 for her contribution to the science and technology business. She served as the first woman President of India’s Apex Chamber of Commerce. She also serves as a member of the Harvard Board of Overseers and Dean’s Advisor to Harvard Business School and Public Health.
She earned her medical degree, an M.B.B.S from Mumbai University in 1980. She is an alumnus of the Harvard School of Public Health where she received her master's degree in 1992. She is married to Ajay Piramal, Chairman, Piramal Group.
Early life.
Swati Piramal was born in Mumbai in 1956 to Arunika Shah and Niranjan Shah. Piramal showed interest in improving the lives of people diagnosed with chronic illnesses. Therefore, after her high school and college, she pursued a degree in medicine. She undertook a postgraduate course in public health at Harvard University after her marriage and having children.
In the mid-1970s, Piramal came across a girl affected with polio, and she and her medical school friends set up a polio centre. In the first year, they treated 25,000 children. To convince local residents to get their children immunized, Piramal and her friends performed street plays about polio prevention. They also went door-to-door, educating families. They treated children, mostly for free. Ten years later, everyone in the area who needed vaccination or treatment had received it. Having achieved its goal, the centre was closed.
Career.
She is the founder of the Gopikrishna Piramal Hospital in Mumbai, and has launched public health campaigns against chronic disease, Osteoporosis, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Epilepsy and polio.
As Director of the Piramal Foundation, she helps promote health in rural India with HMRI – a mobile health service, women's empowerment projects, and supporting community education that creates young leaders. She is a director of Sarvajal foundation for clean water. She has been nominated in the list of the 25 Most Powerful Women, eight times, and is now a part of the Hall of Fame of Most Powerful Women. She serves on the Scientific Advisory Council of the Prime Minister and served on the Council of Trade of the Prime Minister (2010 - 2014).
She currently serves on the Dean's Advisory Board of both the Harvard School of Public Health and the Harvard Business School. She serves on the Boards of Indian and International Academic institutions such as IIT Bombay, and Harvard University.


Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre

Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre (SRMC) is a tertiary care multi-specialty university hospital in Chennai, India. With over 1,500 beds, 114 ICU beds, 25 operating rooms, and a campus spread over , SRMC is one of the largest private health care facilities in South Asia. It is located in the suburb of Porur. It was founded in 1985 and has 1,800 beds.
Accreditation and collaboration.
From March 2009 until June 2012, the Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre was accredited by Joint Commission International and by National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH). This distinction followed an intensive collaboration with health care improvement experts at Partners Harvard Medical International.
Departments.
The hospital has the following departments:


Nenagh Hospital

Nenagh Hospital () is a public hospital located in Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is managed by UL Hospitals Group.
History.
The site has a tradition of caring for sick and infirm that goes back to c. 1200 when Saint John the Baptist's Priory and Hospital was founded by Theobald Butler for the Fratres Cruciferi, an order of Augustinian canons. The priory was secularized in 1541 and finally dissolved in 1551. The remaining ruins are to be found south-east of the hospital, at the graveyard close to the Neagh River, short before the Tyone Bridge.
The Nenagh Union Workhouse and Infirmary, which was designed by George Wilkinson, was opened on the site in 1841. The workhouse was burnt down by Irish republicans in February 1923.
A modern medical facility, designed in the International Style and built on the same site, was officially opened by Seán T. O'Kelly, Vice-President of the Executive Council and Minister for Local Government and Public Health as St Joseph's Hospital on 30 September 1936. It became the Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Nenagh in 2004.
In February 2009, Government plans to move certain services from Nenagh to the Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick were met with protests from healthcare professionals, local residents and several local businesses including the Abbey Court Hotel and a 4,000-person public demonstration. While there would still be 24-hour access for patients referred by GPs, all surgical emergencies would be dealt with in Limerick. The changes would mean an estimated 10 extra admissions per night at the emergency department at Limerick. The 24-hour accident & emergency service at Nenagh Hospital ceased in April 2009. However a new surgical day unit was subsequently established at the Nenagh Hospital in order to take pressure off the hospital at Limerick.
It was renamed Nenagh Hospital in 2013 when the hospitals in the greater Mid-West Region became part of a single operating and governance structure known as the UL Hospitals Group.
Services.
The hospital provides 70 beds, of which 49 are in-patient beds, while 21 are reserved for day cases.


Justicia adhatoda

Justicia adhatoda, commonly known in English as Malabar nut, adulsa, adhatoda, vasa, vasaka, (Bengali: বাসক), (Marathi: अडुळसा), (Malayalam: ആടലോടകം), (Tamil:ஆடாதொடை), (Kannada: ಅಡುಸೋಗೆ adusoge)(Gujarati:અરડૂસી), (Hindi:अडूसा), (Telugu: వాసకం), is a medicinal plant native to Asia, widely used in Siddha Medicine, Ayurvedic, homeopathy and Unani systems of medicine.
The plant's native range is the Indian subcontinent (, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka), Laos and Myanmar. It has been introduced elsewhere.
Botanical description.
"Justicia adhatoda" is a shrub with 10-20 lance-shaped leaves 8-9 centimeters in length by four wide. They are oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne on short petioles. When dry they are of a dull brownish-green colour. They are bitter-tasting. When a leaf is cleared with chloral hydrate and examined microscopically the oval stomata can be seen. They are surrounded by two crescent-shaped cells at right angles to the ostiole. The epidermis bears simple one- to three-celled warty hairs, and small glandular hairs. Cystoliths occur beneath the epidermis of the underside of the blade.
The trunk has many long opposite ascending branches, where the bark is yellowish in color. Flowers are usually white and the inflorescence shows large, dense, axillary spikes. Fruits are pubescent, and are with club-shaped capsules.
Chemical composition.
The leaves of "Justicia adhatoda" contains phytochemicals such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids. The most important is vasicine, a quinazoline alkaloid. The vasicine yield of the herbage has been measured as 0.541 to 1.1% by dry weight. Bromhexine, a serine protease inhibitor with mucolytic properties available over-the-counter in Europe, was originally derived from "Justicia adhotada".
Traditional medicine.
This shrub has a number of traditional medicinal uses in Siddha Medicine, Ayurvedic, Homeopathy and Unani systems of medicine.


Jonathan Sprent

Professor Jonathan Sprent, , is an Australian immunologist. His research has focused on the formation and activation of T cell leukocytes, and methods to overcome T cell-mediated rejection of transplanted tissue.
Awards.
He is an honorary member of the British Society for Immunology.


Ogun State College of Health Technology

Ogun State College of Health Technology is a training college for health care in Ilese-Ijebu, Ogun state, Nigeria. It was the first state college established in Ogun State. As well as providing health technology training and certification, it is a major factor in both increasing the population and enhancing the status of Ilese, a town on the outskirts of Ijebu Ode.
History.
The college was established on 28 September 1976 as a school under a department in the Ministry of Health during the military administration of Saidu Balogun. At inception, the institution was located temporarily at Itamogiri in Ijebu East local government area in 1982. The primary objective of the college is to train middle level for the delivery of primary healthcare services for the state. The college has since surpassed this mandate by providing quality health care workers for primary, secondary and tertiary health care delivery system not only for Ogun State, but also for neighbouring states and federal institutions.
Being the first tertiary institution in the state, its general importance to the overall primary healthcare delivery in the state, as well as being the single largest producer of primary health care workers accounting for over ninety percent (90%) of the total health manpower needs of the twenty local governments in the state; the impact of its contribution to primary health care spurred the state government to upgrade it to a college with polytechnic status. The required legislation, House Bill number 27, was enacted and signed by the then governor of the state. The law is cited as "Ogun State College of Health Technology Law, 2004 as amended in 2008".
Location.
The college occupies a wide expanse of land from Ilese township road, almost reaching the Sagamu-Benin express road. This gives ample room for expansion and development.
As of April 2012, Ogun State College of Health Technology had approved the private Royal Institute of Health Technology, Ifo in Arigbajo- Ifo, Ogun State to run some accredited courses. This provides access to recognized studies that would not otherwise be accessible by people in that region.
Academics.
As well as 11 programmes approved by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) and national professional organizations at diploma and Higher National Diploma levels, the college can award degrees accredited by Kwara State University. Degree courses are available in environmental health, medical laboratory sciences, health information management, and other health technology fields.


Tung Shin Academy of Nursing

Tung Shin Academy of Nursing, abbreviated as TSAN, is a non-profit, private nursing college located in Pudu, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, affiliated to Tung Shin Hospital. Tung Shin Academy of Nursing was started in 1992. To date, more than 350 Assistant Nurses qualified from this academy are serving in various hospitals throughout Malaysia and Singapore.
Tung Shin Academy of Nursing is accredited and recognized by Nursing Board, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Programmes.
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In 1992, the Academy began a two year Certificate in Nursing Course, and three years full time Diploma in Nursing in 2012.


Pallium India

Pallium India is a national registered charitable trust formed in 2003 aimed at providing quality palliative care and effective pain relief for patients in India. Dr. M. R. Rajagopal is the founder and chairman of Pallium India. Pallium India works in collaboration with several national and international organisations to improve the accessibility and affordability of pain relief drugs (opioids) and other low-cost medicines, to ensure the availability of palliative care services in India and to improve the quality of palliative care services provided by the healthcare and allied health care professionals. In February 2016, Pallium India was accredited by Social Justice Department of Government of Kerala.
Activities.
Pallium India's vision is an India in which palliative care is integrated in all health care so that every person has access to effective pain relief and quality palliative care along with disease–specific treatment and across the continuum of care. Pallium India's mission is to catalyze the development of effective pain relief and quality palliative care services and their integration in health care across India through delivery of services, education, building capacities, policy, research, advocacy and information.
The activities spearheaded by Pallium India concentrate mostly on areas inadequately addressed by existing organizations. Pallium India works with Central and State Governments of India for integrating palliative care into the healthcare system, facilitating palliative care education and improving access to essential and affordable medicines like morphine and other opioids.
In 2017, Pallium India opened a library dedicated to palliative care. Books were donated by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Foundation and Dr Odette Spruyt of Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.
Pallium India collaborates with the following organizations in the field of palliative care:
Pallium India runs home visit programs in and around Trivandrum, as well as inpatient and outpatient clinics in collaboration with different hospitals in Trivandrum. Other services include bereavement support groups, Vocational Rehabilitation Program for patients and families and education of children whose parents are under treatment by Pallium India. Services to poor patients are provided free of cost. Expenses in this regard are met by donations.
Trivandrum Institute of Palliative Sciences (TIPS) is an organ of Pallium India, established in 2006. In 2012, TIPS was declared a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre (WHOCC) for Training and Policy on Access to Pain Relief. Education and research are major activities of TIPS. TIPS provides medical care (inpatient, out-patient and home care services), counselling care, rehabilitation and other supportive services.
Bruce Davis Training Centre (BDTC), the training division of Pallium India, runs a number of different awareness programs and trainings throughout the year with a focus on improving the general awareness among the public and improving the expertise and competency of healthcare and allied healthcare professionals. These include Certificate Course in Pain and Palliative Medicine (CCPPM) for doctors, in Palliative Nursing (CCPN) for nurses and in Palliative Care (CCPC) for allied healthcare professionals. There are also volunteer training programs conducted frequently.
Pallium India works with several hospitals and organizations to catalyse the development of palliative care centres across India and for introducing palliative care education to professionals.
Pallium India collaborates with the Department of Social Justice of Government of Kerala to improve the facilities for wheelchair-bound people in the state. This includes providing rehabilitation services and advocacy for their improved mobility, including creating pavements and buildings that are wheelchair-friendly. Pallium India regularly organizes awareness programs for the public, get-together for patients, art and craft exhibition, food festival and cultural events to spread the message of palliative care.
Pallium India works with Paediatric and Paediatric Neurology departments of S.A.T Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram to provide palliative care for children suffering from various illnesses. Pallium India works out of its office at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Currently, Pallium India is advocating for a rational national legislation for end of life care, which allows natural death with dignity and in incurable diseases with access to palliative care, rather than intensive care.
Achievements.
Pallium India played a major role in the steps leading to the declaration of a National Program on Palliative care by the Government of India in 2012 November and the Amendment of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances(NDPS) Act of India in 2014. In 2008, Pallium India initiated and followed up a proposal that resulted in the declaration of a "Palliative Care Policy" by the Government of Kerala, making it the first Government in a developing country to have such a policy.
In 2016, Pallium India was awarded the Cancer Aid Society Annual Award for Excellence and Leadership in Palliative Care for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Countries. In November 2017, Pallium India was awarded Sat Paul Mittal Award of appreciation, in Ludhiana.
A group of palliative care experts under the leadership of Dr M R Rajagopal, collaborated to prepare the draft curriculum for M.D. Palliative Medicine, on behalf of Medical Council of India. A curriculum that introduces palliative care to undergraduate medical and nursing education has been submitted to the Medical Council of India.
Pallium India has catalyzed the development of training centres offering quality education in palliative care in Trivandrum (TIPS), Hyderabad (MNJIO RCC), Jaipur (Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre) and Ahmedabad (GCRI).
With financial support from international agencies, ten palliative care service centres were established in different states of India - Jharkhand, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Bihar, Orissa, Gujarat, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu and Lakshadweep. In collaboration with Australasian Palliative Link International (APLI), Pallium India developed a mentoring program called Project Hamrahi for budding palliative care organizations in India
Working with national and international experts, Pallium India created the National Standards tool (Minimum Standards for Palliative Care Programs) to ensure quality palliative care.
An advocacy tool initiated by Pallium India with two international partners, called 'the Morphine Manifesto', caught the attention of the international palliative care community so much that 63 international organizations signed up to be launch partners.


Pieris Pharmaceuticals


Ruth Heathcock

Ruth Sabina Heathcock MBE (née Rayney) (11 January 1901 – 7 May 1995) was an award-winning remote area nurse in the Northern Territory of Australia who specialised in the treatment of leprosy. She received an Order of the British Empire for rowing 145 kilometres to save a man who accidentally shot himself.
Early life.
Heathcock was born in Murray Bridge in South Australia in 1901, one of seven children of railway engineer Frederick John Rayney and his wife Emily Melissa (née Soar). She was interested in Aboriginal culture from childhood, where she befriended many Aboriginal people in the region. She trained to be a nurse from the age of 16, training at the Adelaide General Hospital and later the Lameroo Hospital. She fell ill during this time, and had a lung removed. After she recovered she went to work at Point McLeay Mission.
Life in the Northern Territory.
In 1930 Heathcock sailed from Adelaide to Darwin on the Malabar to join Dr John Flynn's Australian Inland Mission. She commenced working at the tin mining settlement Maranboy where she met and married English soldier and Mounted Constable Ted Heathcock on 5 November 1931 at the Mataranka Hotel. They moved to Borroloola at Roper Bar region where Ted worked as a policeman. Heathcock began treating Aboriginal people with leprosy. She lobbied to treat people on their land, despite policy at the time that required lepers to be moved to an isolated facility on Channel Island in Darwin Harbour. She developed close relationships to Alawar people, who took her to remote areas to treat lepers who were hiding to avoid relocation. Ted eventually wrote to the League of Nations in Geneva outlining a case for people to be treated on their land. It was eventually adopted by the Administration.
In March 1941, she rowed 145 kilometres to rescue a man named Horace Foster who had accidentally shot himself. He had sent a note with an Aboriginal man to the Borroloola Police Station requesting help. It read:
"Have shot myself accidentally. Think I am settled. Can you come out? Shot the bone in two above the knee. May bleed to death."
She was taken by four Aboriginal people, Roger Jose and Jupiter and their wives Bessie and Maggie down the McArthur River into the open sea to the mouth of the Wearyan River in a dugout canoe, a three-day journey. While she treated his wound, he died just an hour before the arrival of the flying doctor. The act of bravery won her an Order of the British Empire in 1951.
During World War II, Heathcock and her husband were evacuated, Ted to Alice Springs where he died in 1943, while Ruth took a group of lepers to South Australia. She then accompanied them back to Darwin before moving to Alice Springs to care for Aboriginal children with her sister.
Later life.
By the early 1980s Heathcock had moved to Kingston Park in Adelaide to live with her sister. She was named 'citizen of the year' in 1988 by the Marion Council. She returned to the Territory in 1984 for the filming of a documentary about her life by Karen Hughes called "Pitjiri: the snake that will not sink". She was named Pitjiri in 1936 by a group of Aboriginal people from Arnhem Land, meaning 'a snake that floats on water and cannot sink'.
Heathcock died on 7 May 1995 at the age of 94.


Chin Woo Athletic Association

Chin Woo Athletic Association (also Jing Wu Athletic Association) is an international martial arts organisation founded in Shanghai, China, on July 7, 1910, but some sources cite dates in 1909. Its name is also spelled in many other ways throughout the world - Ching Mo, Chin Woo, Ching Mou, Ching Wu, Jing Mo, Jing Wo, Jing Wu - but all of them are based on the same two Chinese characters - "jing wu" (). It has at least 59 branches based in 22 or more countries worldwide, where it is usually known as an "athletic association" or "federation".
History.
Jing Wu was founded as the Jing Wu Athletic Association () in Shanghai, China in the early 20th century. Many sources, including the official websites of its branches in various countries, claim that Jing Wu was founded by the martial artist Huo Yuanjia, who died not long after its establishment. Jing Wu was actually founded by a committee of persons, including members of the Tongmenghui, such as Chen Qimei, Nong Zhu, and Chen Tiesheng. Due to Huo's popularity and recent death, the committee had decided that he should be the "face" of Jing Wu, resulting in his strong association with it.
After Jing Wu was founded, a number of prominent martial artists in China at that time were invited to teach there. They include: Chen Zizheng (陳子正), Eagle Claw master; Luo Guangyu (羅光玉), Seven Star Praying Mantis master; Geng Jishan (耿繼善), Xingyi master; Wu Jianquan, founder of Wu-style taijiquan, and Zhao Lianhe (趙連和), a master of the Northern Shaolin, became Chief Instructor after Huo Yuanjia's death.
As one of the first public martial arts institutes in China, Jing Wu was intended to create a structured environment for teaching and learning martial arts as opposed to the secretive training that had been common in the past. The founders of Jing Wu felt that the association would keep alive traditions that secrecy and social change would otherwise doom. The basic curriculum drew from several styles of martial arts, giving practitioners a well-rounded martial background in addition to whatever they wished to specialise in. Jing Wu inspired the ecumenism seen in the Chinese martial arts community during the Republican era, giving rise to such efforts as the National Martial Arts Institutes. Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Republic of China, attended the third annual event held by Jing Wu in 1915, giving a speech of encouragement to the attendees. When Sun Yat-sen attended again at the 10th annual event in 1920, he also wrote for a special Jing Wu newsletter and made a plaque with the engraving "martial spirit".
During the period of the Japanese sphere of influence, the Twenty-One Demands sent to the government of the Republic of China resulted in two treaties with Japan on 25 May 1915. This prevented the ruling class from exercising full control over the commoners. With their new freedom, Huo's students purchased a new building to serve as the organisation's headquarters and named it "Jing Wu Athletic Association". The association accepted new styles of martial arts other than those taught by Huo. In 1918, Jing Wu Athletic Association opened a branch at Nathan Road in Hong Kong.
In July 1919, Jing Wu Athletic Association sent five representatives to Southeast Asia to expand their activities overseas. The five were Chen Gongzhe, Li Huisheng, Luo Xiaoao, Chen Shizhao and Ye Shutian. They made their first stop in Saigon, Vietnam, where they opened the first Chin Woo school outside of China. They opened schools in Malaysia and Singapore later as well. By 1923, these five masters had opened schools all over Southeast Asia and visited nine different countries.
Present.
In 1966, Shanghai's Jing Wu school was forced to discontinue its activities by the Chinese Communist Party due to the Cultural Revolution, whose goals were to destroy old ideas, cultures and customs for the purpose of modernizing China. Those restrictions were lifted in 1976, after which Shanghai's Chin Woo school resumed its activities.
Chin Woo is currently one of the largest wushu organisations in the world with branches in various countries, including Japan, Hong Kong, Macau, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Poland, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Switzerland. The United States headquarters of Chin Woo is located at 719 Gate City Blvd, Greensboro North Carolina 27403.
Curriculum.
During the early days of Jing Wu in Shanghai, the chief instructor, Zhao Lianhe, developed a curriculum that became the standard Jing Wu sets (Fundamental Routines).
Other styles were taught to students as well, but they varied from school to school and depended on the background of the master teaching that style. The standard curriculum, however, was taught in all Jing Wu schools.
Jing Wu in popular culture.
Fearless the movie.
External links.
Main branches:
Secondary branches:


Charles Davies (South Australian politician)

Charles Davies MD (20 Sept 1813 – 12 Feb 1888) was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council.
History.
Dr. Charles Davies, J.P., was born in London, possibly of Welsh stock, although his father had also been born in London He was the son of Joseph Davies, sexton of the parish and accountant of St Anne Soho and his wife Sophia "née" Loriot, whose father was French, from Caen in Normandy. Joseph Davies' father, also Joseph, had been the sexton of St Anne Soho as well. Charles Davies was educated in France, becoming an excellent French scholar. He emigrated to South Australia arriving in February 1840 aboard "Branken Moor" with his new wife and for several years lived in Kermode-street, North Adelaide, at the King William Road corner, where he built up a large and lucrative medical practice. He became a member of the first fully elected Legislative Council in 1857 and served until 2 February 1865, when he retired by rotation, as provided for in the 1857 Act. In 1859 he was appointed one of the Visitors to the Lunatic Asylum, was on the boards of the Adelaide Hospital and the Botanic Garden, and held other public positions. He was an enthusiastic naturalist with his own private museum. He was a chess enthusiast had strong literary tastes, and contributed regularly to the South Australian Register. Around 1864 he relinquished medical practice for sheepfarming, and bought the Mattawarangula (also spelled Mattawarangala, Mattawaralunga, Mattlawarangalla) Run in the Far North of South Australia, which he later sold to his son, Charles Willoughby Davies, and retired to Beaumont.
Family.
Davies married Isabella Fritche Holbrook of Derbyshire on 1st August 1839. Their first child, a daughter died, soon after birth in late 1840. Four sons followed.(Mrs. Davies may have conducted the first private school north of the Torrens)
Davies died of heart disease at his home in Beaumont and was buried at the West Terrace Cemetery.


Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre

The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre is a biomedical research institution affiliated with McGill University's Faculty of Medicine in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was established in 1978. They maintain close relationships with the many hospitals and departments in the area. Their 5 core themes of research include:
• Breast cancer
• Embryonic development and cancer
• Cancer stem cells and signalling
• Metabolism and cancer
• DNA damage and apoptosis (programmed cell death)
As of 2014, they are made up of 26 full faculty members and 31 associate members.
Professor Nahum Sonenberg, winner of the Wolf Prize, is a senior researcher at the centre.


Jervis Street Hospital

Jervis Street Hospital () was a hospital in Jervis Street in Dublin, Ireland. The site of the hospital became the Jervis Shopping Centre.
History.
The hospital was founded by six Dublin surgeons, George Duany, Patrick Kelly, Nathaniel Handson, John Dowdall, Francis Donany and Peter Brenan, at their own expense, as the Charitable Infirmary in Cook Street, Dublin, in 1718. The hospital moved to a larger premises on King's Inn's Quay in 1728.
In 1786, when the new Four Courts were about to be erected on the quays, an agreement was reached with the Earl of Charlemont to allow the hospital to move into his former mansion at 14 Jervis Street, which happened in October 1796. Some time afterwards alterations were made in the house to convert it for hospital purposes. The hospital occupied a central place in the most populous part of the city, being close to the markets, railway termini, goods stores and the shipping.
In 1854 the nursing and internal management were placed under the control of the Sisters of Mercy. The hospital was rebuilt and enlarged to a design by Charles Geoghegan in the 1880s.
The hospital staged Araby, an oriental fête, in 1894, to raise much-needed funds. The name, Araby, would live as the title of one of the short stories in Dubliners by James Joyce.
After services were transferred to the Beaumont Hospital, the Jervis Street Hospital closed in November 1987. The site of the hospital was redeveloped in the early 1990s to create the Jervis Shopping Centre with only the facade of the original hospital remaining.
Notable physicians.
Notable physicians included:


Ramesh Kumar (nephrologist)

Ramesh Kumar MRCP, FRCP is the first Indian Member of Royal College of Physicians (MRCP in Kidney diseases and a pioneer of nephrology in India and South Asia. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1992 and the Padma Bhushan in 2003 by the president of India for his pioneering, notable and continued contributions to Nephrology.
A senior consultant with Batra Hospital, Kumar has been former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's doctor since 1973 and continues to be his personal physician.
Career.
Kumar started an artificial kidney program, including kidney transplantation at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and in Northern India. As the pioneer of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), he made available an alternate mode of dialysis treatment. Dr. Kumar has authored 118 scientific publications; chapters in books and monographs published in scholarly journals, internationally. He obtained worldwide recognition for identification of cytotoxic drug—Cyclophosphamide-induced sterility.
Kumar identified patterns of kidney diseases in India and established training programs for medical, technical and nursing in nephrology, countrywide.
An alumnus of Agra Medical College, Kumar as MRCP Renal Diseases (1971) from the Royal College of Physicians, was rated the "Best Overseas Young Physician" in the United Kingdom. Within a decade, he was conferred FRCP for his pioneering effort in nephrology and kidney transplantation in India. He is currently working as chief nephrologist and head of the Department of Nephrology & Transplantation at Moolchand Hospital, New Delhi. His department had been designated as Centre of Excellence by the Government of India.


The Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing

 is a private university in Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan, established in 2000.


Jasol Chemical Products

Jasol Chemical Products was a chemicals manufacturing company founded in Adelaide, South Australia by Charles George Johnson in 1934. It was well known in that state and Western Australia for its cleaning products and disinfectants, notably Jasol B. The brand is now owned by George Weston Foods. The name "Jasol" was an acronym of "Johnson's Antiseptic Soluble Oils Limited".
History.
C. G. Johnson founded Jasol Chemical Products Ltd. in August 1934 with 2,000 shares of £1 each divided among five shareholders, the others being Millie Johnson, E.G. Lawton, F.G. Lawton and F.E.G. Edwards. The registered office was in Flinders Street, Adelaide. Head office in 1934 was at 57 Gawler Place, with a warehouse at 19 California St. Other premises occupied at various times were ANA Building in 1937 and Epworth Building in 1949.
At the outset much of the delivery was done by Johnson on a pushbike. Most sales were through wholesalers Bickfords and Fauldings.
A warehouse facility was set up in Flinders St in 1936, then moved to 33 Pirie St in 1942, which remained their head office until at least 1962. In 1960 a greatly enlarged facility was set up in Willcox Ave, Prospect.
In 1971 the company was purchased by F. H. Faulding & Co.
In 1986 the brand was purchased by George Weston Foods.


Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College

Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College is a full-fledged medical college in Pune, Maharashtra. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). It is recognised by Maharashtra University of Health Sciences and Medical Council of India.
Selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through the National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 150.


Kalighat Home for the Dying

Kalighat, the Home of the Pure Heart ("Nirmal Hriday") (formerly Mother Teresa's Kalighat Home for the Dying Destitutes) is a hospice for the sick, destitute and the dying established by St. Mother Teresa in Kalighat, Kolkata, India. Before Mother Teresa sought permission to use it, the building was an old abandoned Hindu temple to the goddess Kali, the Hindu goddess of time and change. It was founded by St. Mother Teresa on her 42nd birthday in 1952, two years after she established Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata.
St. Mother Teresa opened this free hospice in 1952, next to the famous Kalighat Kali Temple in Kalighat Calcutta. With the help of Indian officials, she changed an abandoned building which previously served as a temple for the Hindu goddess Kali into the "Kalighat home for the dying", a free hospice for the poor. Later on she changed the name to "Kalighat the Home of the Pure Heart (Nirmal Hriday)". People who were brought to the home received medical attention from the Missionaries of Charity and were given the opportunity to die with dignity, according to the rituals of their faith; Muslims were read the Quran, Hindus received water from the Ganges, and Catholics received the Last Rites. "A beautiful death," she said, "is for people who lived like animals to die like angels—loved and wanted."
Quality of medical care.
In 1994, Robin Fox, then editor of the British medical journal "The Lancet," visited the Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and described the medical care the patients received as "haphazard". He observed that sisters and volunteers, some of whom had no medical knowledge, frequently made decisions about patient care because of the lack of doctors in the hospice: "There are doctors that call in from time to time," Fox wrote, "but usually the sisters and volunteers (some of whom have medical knowledge) make decisions as best they can." Fox witnessed one patient with high fever being treated with paracetamol and tetracycline, an antibiotic, only to be diagnosed later with malaria by a visiting doctor, who prescribed chloroquine. Fox specifically held Teresa responsible for these conditions, writing, "Mother Theresa prefers providence to planning". Fox also observed that staff either declined to use or lacked access to blood films or "simple algorithms that might help the sisters distinguish" between curable and incurable patients: "Investigations, I was told, are seldom permissible".
Fox conceded that the regimen he observed included "cleanliness, the tending of wounds and sores, and loving kindness", but critiqued the sisters' "spiritual approach" to managing pain: "I was disturbed to learn that the formulary includes no strong analgesics. Along with the neglect of diagnosis, the lack of good analgesia marks Mother Theresa's approach as clearly separate from the hospice movement. I know which I prefer."
Mary Loudon, who volunteered at the same facility, observed "syringes run under cold water and reused, aspirin given to those with terminal cancer, and cold baths given to everyone" as well as overcrowding. Loudon also recalled speaking with a visiting doctor whose fifteen-year-old patient was dying because the sisters had not given him antibiotics for a "relatively simple kidney complaint", and refused to transfer him to a nearby hospital for a needed operation.
There have been a series of other reports documenting inattention to medical care in the order's facilities. Similar points of view have also been expressed by some former volunteers who worked for Teresa's order. Mother Teresa herself referred to the facilities as "Houses of the Dying".
In 2013, in a comprehensive review covering 96% of the literature on Mother Teresa, a group of Université de Montréal academics reinforced the foregoing criticism, detailing, among other issues, the missionary's practice of "caring for the sick by glorifying their suffering instead of relieving it, ... her questionable political contacts, her suspicious management of the enormous sums of money she received, and her overly dogmatic views regarding, in particular, abortion, contraception, and divorce". Questioning the Vatican's motivations for ignoring the mass of criticism, the study concluded that Mother Teresa's "hallowed image – which does not stand up to analysis of the facts – was constructed, and that her beatification was orchestrated by an effective media relations campaign" engineered by the Catholic convert and anti-abortion BBC journalist Malcolm Muggeridge.
Baptisms of the dying.
St. Mother Teresa encouraged members of her order to baptize dying patients, without regard to the individual's religion. In a speech at the Scripps Clinic in California in January 1992, she said: "Something very beautiful... not one has died without receiving the special ticket for St. Peter, as we call it. We call baptism ticket for St. Peter. We ask the person, do you want a blessing by which your sins will be forgiven and you receive God? They have never refused. So 29,000 have died in that one house [in Kalighat] from the time we began in 1952."
Critics have argued that patients were not provided sufficient information to make an informed decision about whether they wanted to be baptized and the theological significance of a Christian baptism.
Some of St. Mother Teresa's defenders have argued that baptisms are either soul-saving or harmless and hence the criticisms would be pointless (a variant of Pascal's Wager). Simon Leys, in a letter to "The New York Review of Books", wrote: "Either you believe in the supernatural effect of this gesture – and then you should dearly wish for it. Or you do not believe in it, and the gesture is as innocent and well-meaningly innocuous as chasing a fly away with a wave of the hand."


Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital

Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH) (formerly called, Ogun State University Teaching Hospital (OSUTH) is situated at Sagamu, Ogun State, South West Nigeria. The teaching hospital was established in the year 1986 with primary aim of teaching medical students from Olabisi Onabanjo University and provision of healthcare service to the indigene of Ogun state and Nigeria as a whole.
Overview.
OOUTH was founded on 1 January 1986 in partnership with Obafemi Awolowo College Health Sciences to provide medical training for medical students of Olabisi Onabanjo University. The teaching hospital was located at the former State Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The pioneer Chief Medical Director (CMD) of the hospital was Prof. A.A.O. Laditan. The hospital is managed by governing council appointed by the state government. The current (2016) chairman of the governing council is Professor Emmanuel O. Otolorin