Noel Alpins

Noel Alpins is an Australian ophthalmologist who developed the Alpins method of astigmatism analysis used in refractive, corneal, and cataract surgery, used in the research of LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis).
Career.
Alpins has specialized in cataract and refractive surgery since founding NewVision Clinics in Melbourne, Australia, in 1996. He received the 2012 International Society of Refractive Surgery (ISRS) and American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Lans Distinguished Award in Chicago, and in 2014 he received with the ISRS Lifetime Achievement Award. Alpins is on the international advisory board for Refractive Surgery in China and is also an international council member of the ISRS of the AAO.
In January 2017 Alpins was awarded Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for "significant service to ophthalmology, particularly to the development of innovative refractive surgery techniques, and to professional associations".
In October 2017, Alpins gave the Sir Norman Gregg Lecture at the 49th Annual Scientific Congress of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.
In November 2017, Alpins was appointed Honorary Clinical Professor to Melbourne University’s Department of Ophthalmology.
In 2018, Alpins published Practical Astigmatism Planning and Analysis, a book detailing the components of the Alpins Method procedure.
In 2019, Alpins was awarded the José I. Barraquer Lecture and Award which honors a physician who has made significant contributions in the field of refractive surgery during his or her career.
Alpins Method.
The Alpins Method employs the vector analytic approach to astigmatism analysis, involving an ophthalmic surgical analysis system, called ASSORT (Alpins Statistical System for Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Techniques), designed to help plan and analyze the results of refractive, corneal, and cataract surgical procedures. The method can also be used to refine surgical techniques or correct laser settings in future procedures. The system underpins astigmatism analysis approaches developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Astigmatism Project Group.


Island Hospital

Based in George Town, Penang and founded in 1996, Malaysia, Island Hospital is a 300-bed private hospital and one of the leading tertiary care providers in Malaysia. Established in 1996, it has specialists who are highly experienced and renowned in their dedicated fields, most of which have been trained and have worked internationally.
Island Hospital has over 60 full-time specialists across 9 Centres of Excellence, offering a wide range of treatment services that are supported by cutting-edge medical equipment and technology.
History.
Island Hospital was founded in 1996, with the construction of the hospital eventually taking a mere 10 months.
Currently the top medical tourism hospital in Malaysia, Island Hospital has won several awards such as Top Medical Tourism Hospital by MHTC, The Star Outstanding Business Awards (SOBA)’s Best in Marketing Gold Award in 2016, Medical Tourism Hospital of the year 2017 by Frost & Sullivan, Asia’s Best Performing Companies in the Asia Corporate Excellence & Sustainability Awards (ACES) of the year 2018, and in 2019, the hospital garnered The Star Export Excellence Awards (Services Category for large companies) and the Global Brand Award Malaysia Power Brand 2018/2019 – Quality Excellence Award in Healthcare.
In 2020, Island Hospital was recognised as the Hospital of the Year and Diagnostic Provider of the Year in the 3rd Healthcare Asia Awards. The hospital also won the Global Health Awards 2020's Value-based Hospital of the Year in Asia Pacific Award and was nominated for several other accolades, such as:
In 2017, the Penang state government announced plans to build an extension to the existing facility, named Island Medical City, at Peel Avenue. Upon completion, the project is expected to expand the hospital's capacity to 1000 beds. Planned facilities also include a healthcare traveler hotel and medical suites.
Services.
The following medical treatments are provided by the hospital.
Centres of Excellence.
Island Hospital has 9 Centres of Excellence that offer a wide range of services, supported by cutting-edge medical equipment and technology.


Gerard Sutton

Gerard Sutton is an Australian ophthalmic surgeon and ophthalmologist in Australia and New Zealand. His specialty is laser vision correction, cataract and lens surgery, and corneal transplantation.
Education.
Sutton graduated in medicine from the University of New South Wales. After completing his ophthalmic training at Sydney Eye Hospital, he completed advanced surgical training at St Thomas’ and Moorfields Eye Hospitals in London. He followed this with a fellowship in laser vision correction surgery at the Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen, Germany in 1996.
Career and research.
In 2010, Sutton became the inaugural Professor of Corneal and Refractive Surgery at the Sydney Eye Hospital and the University of Sydney. Here he established and continues to supervise the first university degree in the world for refractive vision correction surgery training. He also holds a clinical associate professor position at Auckland University. He continues to see patients as a partner at Vision Eye Institute, Chatswood. In late 2013, Sutton co-authored a book, “The Naked Eye”, with Dr Michael Lawless. The book provided an overview of laser refractive and lens surgery options for prospective patients and health practitioners in optometry and ophthalmology.
He has developed local and international collaborative research relationships across ophthalmology and medical science. Recently with Professor Gordon Wallace of the University of Wollongong, the team developed a novel treatment for the repair of corneal wounds. This technology has several opportunities within ophthalmology and the potential to address wound healing throughout the body. As recognition of the invention’s potential, Gerard Sutton and the team secured several significant grants in excess of $1M, including from New South Wales Health Big Idea and NSW Medical Device Fund grants.
Gerard Sutton’s involvement in the Myanmar Eye Care Project has been pivotal in helping to develop the community ophthalmic and corneal transplant service in Myanmar and represents an ongoing commitment to development of ophthalmic services in third-world countries. This work was recognised in receiving the XOVA Excellence in Ophthalmology award in 2015 for developing the service in Myanmar. By overseeing the training and development of local ophthalmologists and alongside the organisation of continued government and education support, the program has become self-sufficient tripling the amount of corneal surgical procedures in less than a decade.
He has performed over 20,000 surgical procedures in cornea, cataract and refractive surgery. Sutton has lectured continually on a wide variety of topics within ophthalmology both at home and abroad. In 2018 he was won the individual and team gold medals at the Cataract Olympic Marathon session at the World Ophthalmology Conference in Barcelona, Spain. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and textbook chapters. He has co-authored two books on Keratoconus and Refractive Surgery. He was the Chief Ophthalmologist for the 2000 Olympics.


Kishor Phadke

Kishor Moreshwar Phadke (born 20 February 1936), also known as K. M. Phadke, is an Indian psychologist, practitioner and trainer in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). He held M.A. degree in Psychology from Pune University. He is first Indian psychologist who enjoys the unique distinction of being a Fellow and Supervisor of Albert Ellis Institute, New York City. He is best known as a pioneer of REBT in India. Due to his distinguished contributions to REBT, Indian psychologists consigned a unique title to his therapy – Ellis-Phadke therapy. He has authored 9 Marathi books, several popular articles and papers and co-authored 5 English books.
Family and education.
Kishor was born on 20 February 1936 in a Maharashtrian family. The origin of his family can be traced to Haripant Phadke, who was a lieutenant general in the Darbar of Peshwas. His father was a general practitioner (MBBS) in Pune whereas his mother was a housewife. The couple had four children, two of whom have passed away. His uncle also served as communist leader during the freedom movement.
Kishor has completed honours Degree course in philosophy and Masters course in psychology from Pune University in 1959.
Early life.
In 1959, Kishor began his career in Ruparel College, Mumbai. He first worked as a demonstrator, then lecturer and finally officiating professor and Head of the Department. After serving for 5 years in Ruparel College, he joined ATIRA as a junior scientific officer in Human Relations division. Gradually, he got promoted as a senior scientific officer which gave him an opportunity to conduct various industry research projects.
Correspondence with Albert Ellis.
Phadke wrote his first letter to Ellis on 29 April 1968 and the correspondence lasted for 36 years. Phadke's correspondence with Ellis is considered to be one of the finest sources for REBT learners. It is of 1351 pages (bounded in four volumes). It consists of Phadke's queries/enquiries about REBT and responses given by Ellis. Phadke had been questioning, challenging and attacking almost every aspect of theory and practice of REBT. Dr. Eliis, perhaps the world's best authority on the subject, also kept sending him various books as well as articles.
In 1987, Windy Dryden, a professor of Psychotherapeutic Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London expressed his wish to see this correspondence. He was very much impressed after reading these volumes and also wrote to Phadke saying that he (Phadke) really had an insatiable desire for knowledge and his attention to detail was worthy of an academic. After Ellis’ death, these volumes are preserved and cited in Archives of Columbia University.
REBT: The life goal.
Phadke had left ATIRA in 1969 and joined Mumbai University as a demonstrator in the Department of Psychology. He left the university in 4 years and joined as faculty at Sir Sorabji Pochkanawala Bankers Training College, Mumbai in 1973.
He was aiming to spread REBT throughout India. With this vision, he resigned his teaching post at Banking college in 1981 and established his own training centre. It was named 'Phadke Centre' with the objective of imparting education for life through REBT.
Phadke Centre.
Phadke Centre, the first learning center of REBT in India, offered a variety of individual and group programmes founded on the principles and techniques of REBT.
He created his own training modules of primary and advanced workshops for professionals as well as two day workshops for non-professionals. Thousands of trainees, more than 200 organizations organized his training programmes for their employees, about 10000 executives from all levels of management.
In the contemporary transactional analysis' era, training in REBT was just inconceivable to industry. Being a pioneer, Phadke encountered considerable opposition from the start but using REBT's philosophy, he could develop an elegant model of training programmes for industries. He has delivered professional talks in various business, industrial, educational, research and training organizations.
Challenges and struggles.
After getting first introduction to REBT at Gujarat University, Phadke started reading books on wide range of subjects such as psychology, philosophy, literature, language, political science, economics, sociology. These books assisted him to study, investigate and deeply engage with issues and concerns related to human behavior. During this time, he started correspondence with Dr. Ellis regarding his questions and queries.
Ellis also started to send him his books and articles along with the answers. Phadke faced many problems in receiving the posts. Despite of that, today he has a collection of Ellis' 76 books and more than 600 articles and research papers. Needless to mention, he has deeply studied and analyzed this material.
His source of learning REBT was from Ellis'books, some of which contained verbatim records of Ellis'cases. He studied numerous cases of Ellis, drew his own conclusions and compared them to those of Ellis.
Fellow and supervisor.
In 1977, Institute for Advanced Study in Rational Psychotherapy, (currently known as Albert Ellis Institute , New York) honored him the status of 'Fellow' and later, in 1989, he was awarded the honour of 'Supervisor'. According to the regulations of the institute of that time, the status of fellow was given to only those aspirants who had a post-doctorate in psychology and had completed 2 years intensive training programme of the institute. Although Phadke had neither a doctorate nor had he visited the institute, the concerned committee got convinced with significance of his work in India and made Phadke an exception to the criteria. The status of supervisor enabled him to conduct training programmes for professionals.
Contributions to REBT.
Absence of efficient communication system between Phadke and his mentor, Dr. Ellis, forced him to rely on his own resources and made him to innovate his own techniques of practicing REBT. This elegant method of learning resulted in new research findings in the theory and practice of REBT. Ellis praised his dedication and mastery over this subject with saying 'I still feel you are the only person in Asia that I consider to be extremely well qualified to practice and preach REBT.'.
He has made original contributions to the theory and practice of REBT, which were greatly acknowledged by Ellis. Some of the contributions to the theory of REBT are as follows:
Denotation of 'D' letter.
In the classical form, the letter 'D' in the A-B-C-D-E theory stands for the therapeutic technique of Disputing the client's irrational beliefs. Phadke expanded the letter 'D' and created modified three-fold denotation- a) Detection b) Disputation c) Discrimination. Ellis has incorporated this denotation in ABC structure of REBT.
Enlargement of 'B' letter.
Phadke demonstrated to Ellis that it is incorrect to classify desires, preferences, demands and commands as Beliefs- rational or irrational. In order to incorporate the human motives in the A-B-C theory, he coined the more comprehensive term for B- Bedrock of Biosocial Forces. In the later years, he reinterpreted letter 'B' more accurately as bipartite belief system. It includes the detection of binary message which the client signals to himself as well as the bipartite belief system, implied in that message.
Redefinition of 'C'.
Phadke gave a special thought to 'C' which was earlier described merely as Consequences. He precisely named it as 'Choice-blocking consequences'. In later years, he further elaborated it by making a distinction between choice freeing consequences leading to healthy emotions and choice blocking consequences leading to unhealthy emotions.
Extension of 'E'.
One of the REBT proponent, Garcia suggested the letter 'E' could stand for a) Empathy b) Emotion and c) Experience. Phadke added yet another meaning to the letter E, namely Enthusiasm.
Modification of the Approval Principles.
After closely observing the behavior of hundreds of people, Phadke arrived at the conclusion that the principle of Approval in REBT has to be supplemented by the Principle of Disapproval which he stated as follows: 'No one should dislike or disapprove of me for whatever I do.' Ellis graciously accepted his suggestion and it was incorporated in his subsequent presentation of masturbatory ideologies. Phadke went further and suggested a two-fold classification of masturbatory ideologies instead of three. 1. What I should get, feel and do. 2. What I should not have to get, feel and do. This classification made the work of detecting the irrational beliefs easy
Review of Rationality.
Phadke pointed out that five criteria of rational behavior proposed in REBT were not sufficiently comprehensive. They seemed to omit a vital aspect of man's behavior towards others. In order to cover that aspect, he suggested an additional criterion- Rational behavior does no needless, definite and deliberate harm to others
Emotive-Rational Therapy.
Phadke proposed that the distinction between Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) and Emotive Rational Therapy (ERT) can generate at least verifiable hypotheses. He further elaborated that the clients' irrational beliefs about himself may be disputed by using ERT whereas the clients' irrational beliefs about others and the world may be disputed effectively by using RET. RET is more effective in disputing the client's inferences whereas ERT is more effective in disputing the client's evaluations
New format of teaching REBT.
Phadke devised 8A format of presenting the basic principles of REBT. A1 to A4 are used for detection of psychopathology and A5 to A8 are used for the treatment. Brief outline of this format is as follows:
A1- Assumption
A2-Appraisal
A3-Agony
A4-Astray
A5-Articulate
A6-Attack
A7-Attune
A8-Adjust
Theory of surplus values.
This term was devised by Phadke to his intervention strategies to suit the client's background. Usage of this term makes easy for the practitioner to make the clients understand the surplus value they are attaching to some events in their life
Others.
Phadke invented many innovative practices of REBT which are as follows:
Some of these techniques were used effectively for the advancement of the practice of REBT. This was clearly displayed when psychologists from California acknowledged that the technique of role reversal devised by Phadke was an effective assessment technique to increase awareness of faulty perceptions of reality.
Later life.
At the age of 71, Phadke decided to retire from all of his professional activities, including the closing of Phadke Centre. Dr. Ellis, in his autobiography – All Out!, has written about the unusual influence of Phadke on him. Ellis says: 'One of the most unusual influences on me and my work has been that of the psychologist Kishor M. Phadke, of Mumbai, India. I would never have figured out some of the finer points of REBT without his detailed questioning, and I want to thank him for that...He has certainly been one of my finest friends and supporters since 1968.'
Phadke currently lives in Mahim (Mumbai).


A. V. Gurava Reddy

Dr. A. V. Gurava Reddy (born Annapareddy Venkata Gurava Reddy) is an Internationally recognized, Indian Orthopedic Surgeon and Joint replacement expert. He is the Managing Director and Chief Joint Replacement Surgeon at Sunshine Bone and Joint Institute - Sunshine Hospitals, a 300-bed NABH Accredited, Multispeciality hospital in Hyderabad India. Dr. A. V. Gurava Reddy is one of the leading surgeon(s) in India and performs about 4000 joint replacements per year. He has made sustained efforts to increase the awareness and acceptance of Joint replacement surgery in India.


Rupert Magarey

Sir Rupert Magarey FRCS (21 February 1914 – 1990) was an Australian medical practitioner and surgeon. He was a past president of the Australian Medical Association.
Early life.
The father of Susan Magarey, Sir Rupert Magarey was born James Rupert Magarey in Adelaide, South Australia, eldest son of Elsie (née Cowell) and Dr. Rupert Magarey, and attended Norwood Primary School and later St Peter's College, Adelaide. He graduated MB. BS. from the University of Adelaide in 1938.
Army service.
Magarey served in the Australian Imperial Forces during World War II, serving in the 7th Division in 1940. At the end of 1940 he sailed for the Middle East and Syria, where he served in the 2/11 Australian Army General Hospital. In recognition of his distinguished services he was mentioned in dispatches. After Japan entered the war Major Magarey's unit was recalled to Australia and later transferred to New Guinea and the Kokoda Trail as part of the 2/6 Australian Field Ambulance, serving as Senior Medical Officer at Alola on the Kokoda Trail.
Professional career.
Returning to Adelaide, South Australia after World War II Dr Magarey resumed his general practice in medicine. He was a General Surgeon and member of the Honorary Staff of the Royal Adelaide Hospital. Dr Magarey went to England to obtain his FRCS (Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons) in 1949. He returned to Adelaide and passed the FRACS in 1950 and Master of Surgery in 1951 from University of Adelaide.


Toni Hoffman

Toni Ellen Hoffman (born 9 July 1957) is a senior nurse who was made a Member of the Order of Australia and awarded the 2006 Australian of the Year Local Hero Award. She took on the role of whistleblower in informing Queensland Politician Rob Messenger about Jayant Patel, a surgeon who was the subject of the Morris Inquiry and later the Davies Commission. She originally began to raise doubts about the ability of Patel with hospital management and other staff. Both doctors and surgeons who were familiar with his work had also been deeply concerned.
Education.
She spent time in London studying midwifery and intensive care. Hoffman received a master's degree in bio-ethics in 2002.
Allegations against Patel.
Hoffman was the head nurse at Bundaberg Base Hospital's intensive care unit. It was alleged that between 2003 and 2005 a number of patients who were not directly under Patel's care were being treated and even operated on when no procedure was necessary. Hoffman was concerned with the number of patients treated by Patel who had serious complications. The failure of her concerns to be investigated more thoroughly may have been the cause of a number of patient deaths. The lack of support and even deterrence from her colleagues make her actions all the more meritorious.
Inquiry findings.
An inquiry into the matter known as the Morris Inquiry was started but was terminated on the grounds of perceived bias. A second inquiry known as the Davies Inquiry found that the Queensland Health district manager and the hospital's Director of Medical Services had mostly ignored more than 20 complaints regarding Patel.
The Queensland Public Hospitals Commission of Inquiry says, in 3.427 (i):
Until early January 2005, Dr Keating repeatedly advised Mr Leck that
Ms Hoffman's complaints were unjustified and largely personality driven
when he should have appreciated (particularly in the context of other
complaints) that they raised genuine and concerning medical issues.
The fact that Patel worked extremely long hours and was performing a huge number of procedures was seen to be a good thing by hospital management, he was even awarded employee of the month at one point. Hoffman faced ridicule for suggesting that his presence was not beneficial and as a last resort chose to bring the matter into the public arena by approaching local MP Rob Messenger.
She is commended in the Commission of Inquiry in paragraph 3.432:
I would also like to pay tribute to certain people whose care, passion or courage
was instrumental in bringing to light the matters covered here. First and
foremost of those is Ms Hoffman. She might easily have doubted herself, or
succumbed to certain pressures to work within a system that was not responsive.
She might have chosen to quarantine herself from Dr Patel's influence by leaving
the Base or at least the Intensive Care Unit. Instead, and under the threat of
significant detriment to herself, Ms Hoffman persistently and carefully
documented the transgressions of Dr Patel. I would also pay tribute to Mr
Messenger, the Member for Burnett. He provided a voice for staff concerns
when no others seemed to exist and, although it has not been the subject of this
report, he was forced, in the course of so doing, to endure animosity from a
number of quarters.
Messenger too was criticised for his stand until Courier Mail journalist Hedley Thomas did a Google search on Jayant Patel and found that he had faced disciplinary action for negligence in the United States.
On 1 July 2010, Patel was sentenced to seven years' jail after he was found guilty of three charges of manslaughter and one count of grievous bodily harm. Then in August 2012, all convictions were quashed by the full bench of the High Court of Australia and a retrial was ordered due to "highly emotive and prejudicial evidence that was irrelevant to the case" laid before the jury. A retrial for one of the manslaughter counts resulted in acquittal and led to a plea deal where Patel pleaded guilty to fraud and the remaining charges were dropped. On 15 May 2015, he was barred from practising medicine in Australia.
Awards.
Although Dr Patel was exonerated by Australia's highest court, Hoffman was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for her exposure of Jayant Patel. She also received the 2006 Local Hero Award.
Personal toll.
While Hoffman has no regrets for advocating on behalf of patients she was undermined and ridiculed by staff who resented her whistleblower actions. She took legal action against Queensland Health for gross negligence in failing to care for her, particularly denying her specialised counselling. In early March 2012, she was awarded compensation in a private settlement.


Abadan University of Medical Sciences

Abadan University of Medical Sciences is a medical school in Iran. It was founded by Ministry of Health and Medical Education in September 1941 as a Nursing Faculty and in 2012 it became an independent faculty of medical school. Program study of this school is similar to curriculum that applies most Iranian medical faculties.
Abadan city is located in Khuzestan Province, central west of Iran. It lies on Abadan Island (68 km long, 3–19 km wide) which is bounded in the west by the Arvand waterway and to the east by the Bahmanshir outlet of the Karun River, 53 kilometers from the Persian Gulf, near the Iraqi-Iran border.
Medical and nursing schools are the major schools of Abadan medical university. Basic sciences and pathophysiology district is two main district of medical school.
Basic sciences district is composed of various parts included; chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology lab, anatomy hall, hematology lab, microbiology lab, parasitology lab, histopathology lab, immunology lab, and medical physiology lab.
The Anatomy hall is the oldest and largest basic sciences part in Abadan school of Medical Sciences, established in 1992. The department involves three different major divisions of histology, embryology, and anatomy. The department provides educational facilities such as dissection halls, hall of anatomic models, histology laboratories and laboratories for undergraduate students (Medicine, Nursing, Midwifery, Hygiene, etc.). Academic members of this part are among the most knowledgeable and publish articles in the fields of anatomy, embryology and histology. They are experienced in their specialized research fields. They teach students with different methods such as educational clip shows, anatomy models, educational corpse studies, and surface anatomy and radiology.
Chemistry, Biochemistry, and molecular biology lab.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry is one of the oldest basic science parts of the Abadan school of Medical Sciences, established in 1995. The department provides educational facilities such as Biochemistry, chemistry, and molecular laboratories for undergraduate students.
Parasitology and Mycology laboratory.
The Department of Parasitology and Mycology due to its broad focus and diversity of experimental approaches, parasitology occupies a unique position among the other disciplines studied at the Faculty of Medical Science. It is characterized by complex and interdisciplinary approaches to the studied issues. In parasitology, classical zoology and ecology meet sophisticated technologies of molecular biology and biochemistry, and similar synergistic combinations of two or more approaches can frequently be observed in parasitology research.
Faculty of nursing.
The faculty of Nursing offers four-year Bachelor programs. It trains graduates to provide health care services in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and care, to offer nursing care in illness, rehabilitation and after-treatment.
Simulation Hall.
Type of available simulators:
Library.
Library of Abadan School of Medical Sciences includes many resources in different fields of science. The holdings of the library include 23.765 books in English and Persian languages. These collections include 3919 titles in Persian and 1878 titles is Latin. On a regular day, it serves all students and professors of the faculty and staff.
Computer site.
Computer site of Abadan School of Medical Sciences has 40 zero client systems. All the classrooms that they are about 20 classes have computers, video projectors and screens. Office building, dormitory for girls and boys had Wireless internet. Broadband Internet is 10 Mbs. This center also manages online systems.
Access to electronic journals and databases of ministry of Health is established that including Web of Science, Scopus, etc. Also, this school has an English journal entitled "Arvand Journal of Health and medical sciences".
Air pollution laboratory.
This laboratory is equipped by sampling devices and environmental air pollutants.
Hydraulic laboratory
Available experiments in the laboratory include the following:: Determine the Reynolds number - overflows discharge coefficient - calculate the force of the water jet et al.
Environmental chemistry laboratory
Available experiments in the laboratory include: Total hardness, permanent hardness, temporary hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, colorimetric, Chloride, iodine, sulfate, nitrate and nitrite.
Environmental Microbiology laboratory
This lab equipped with Binocular microscopes, Phase contrast microscopy, Colony Counter, Autoclave, incubator and Water bath et al.


Terumo

 was founded in 1921 as Red Line Thermometer Corporation by a group of medical scientists led by Dr. Kitasato Shibasaburō to produce medical thermometers in Japan.
The company's first product was "Jintan Taionkei", the first Japanese-made thermometer available for sale, and it has since expanded into a medical devices manufacturer, producing medical disposables, cardiovascular systems and diabetes care products.
In 1971, Terumo opened its first overseas office in the United States. Since then, the company has established subsidiaries in Europe (1971), South America, China, India, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand and Australia. The company later expanded its product range to include coronary stents and catheters, and acquired, among others, the cardiovascular specialty companies Vascutek and Microvention in 2002 and 2006 respectively.
Business segments and products.
 Terumo Corporation was organized into three business business segments:
Terumo Penpol, the company's subsidiary in Trivandrum, India is the largest manufacturer of blood bags in India and supplies it to over 82 countries.
A medical device facility called Terumo BCT is located in Denver suburb of Lakewood, Colorado, and , has been open and operating for over 20 years. A 2018 investigation into the release of ethylene oxide—a sterilizing agent for the blood diagnostic and treatment devices—into the atmosphere showed no increased cancer risk for those in the neighborhood, and the EPA will continue to allow up to of ethylene oxide to be released annually. However, Terumo said they release only per year and are working to reduce that amount.
Acquisitions.
In July 1999 Terumo acquired the cardiovascular division of 3M Company, and established Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corp. in the USA.
In 2001 the company made two more acquisitions: it acquired the home oxygen division of Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., and establish Terumo Medical Care K.K., and Ikiken Co., Ltd. of Japan.
In 2002 the company enters into the vascular prostheses business by acquiring UK-based Vascutek Ltd.
Four years later, in 2006 the company ventured into a new field (endovascular coils for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms) by buying American company MicroVention Inc.
The tissue heart valve division of Kohler Chemine GmbH was acquired in March 2007 and expanded Terumo's operations related to vascular prostheses.
A year later the Japanese company Clinical Supply Co., Ltd. became a Terumo subsidiary and enhanced Terumo's interventional systems business in the field of radiotherapy.
In March 2011, the company bought U.S. medical device company CaridianBCT for around $2.6 billion. It was the largest acquisition by a Japanese medical equipment maker at the time.
The same year Harvest Technologies Corporation—point-of-care cell therapy—and Onset Medical Corp.—sheath technology designed for multiple, minimally-invasive clinical applications—was acquired.


Ellen Dougherty

Ellen Dougherty (20 September 1844 – 3 November 1919), a New Zealand nurse, was the first Registered Nurse in the world.
Biography.
Ellen Dougherty was born at Cutters Bay, Port Underwood, New Zealand. Ellen was inspired to be a nurse after learning about Florence Nightingale. It is believed that before nurse training, she worked with Charles Barraud in his Wellington pharmacy. She trained at Wellington Hospital from 1885 and completed a certificate in nursing in 1887. In 1893 she accepted the post of matron of the newly opened Palmerston North Hospital. In 1899 she was formally registered as a pharmacist.
In 1901, New Zealand became the first country to pass legislation, the Nurses Registration Act, on the registration of nurses. Dougherty was then the first to be registered on 10 January 1902. She retired in 1908.
Dougherty is buried at Clareville Cemetery, Carterton, New Zealand. Her medal is at the Nurses Chapel at Wellington Hospital. For the centenary of Nursing, it was arranged with Nursing Council in Wellington that her grave be restored, and on the anniversary of 10 January 2002, the grave was rededicated with family, historians and media attending.
The UK began nurse registration in 1919, the year Ellen Dougherty died.


Thomas Embling

Thomas Embling (26 August 1814 – 17 January 1893) was a doctor from the United Kingdom who took an interest in the humane treatment of inmates in asylums before emigrating to Melbourne, Australia where he set about reforming the Yarra Bend Asylum. Later on Thomas Embling took up the cause of the gold miners in Eureka and had a successful career in the early parliament of Victoria.
Early life.
Thomas Embling was born 26 August 1814 in Oxford, United Kingdom. At 16 he was apprenticed to an apothecary. He then studied medicine, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1837 and a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries in 1838.
After his graduation in 1829 he went into partnership in practice with his brother. It was during this time he held a position as a Visiting Medical Officer at Hanwell Asylum, where he became familiar with the latest treatment methods in lunatic asylums. Embling married Jane Webb Chinnock on 1 August 1839 and by 1841 they were living with their son, William on Brompton Row, South Kensington, London. Both Embling and his wife suffered from 'pulmonary affections' which influenced their decision to emigrate to Australia. In 1850 Embling, his wife and seven children sailed from England to South Australia; they then travelled across to Melbourne. The journey to Melbourne was not without incident and Embling was caught up in the bush fires of Black Thursday in February 1851.
Yarra Bend Asylum.
Embling's first appointment in Australia was to be as an assistant to the Colonial Surgeon of Victoria. However parliament members James Johnston and Charles Ebden put forward the proposition that Yarra Bend Lunatic Asylum required a Resident Medical Officer and Embling was highly suitable. Although not a psychiatrist, Embling had a pioneering interest in the 'moral treatment' of mental illness
Embling's early days at Yarra Bend were not easy. Superintendent George Watson was not pleased with the appointment of a Resident Medical Officer. With the assistance of displaced Visiting Medical Officer Dr Cussen, Watson attempted to thwart Embling's efforts to become involved in the care of inmates. He was refused a pass key and denied access to many of the asylum buildings, including the accommodation that he was to have been provided on the asylum grounds. Efforts to hinder Embling however, only served to strengthen his resolve to become actively involved in the clinical management of his patients. What he saw at Yarra Bend shocked him, his first impressions "were those of great astonishment not unmixed with pain … I saw much that was incomprehensible, and much disreputable."
Despite the obstacles he encountered, Embling implemented significant reforms in a short space of time. He ordered the removal of manacles, camisoles and restraining gloves and rejected the then popular psychiatric practice of punitive "treatment". These reforms were not popular with the Superintendent, nor with the colonial surgeon. He was subsequently charged and brought before a disciplinary hearing, on the grounds that he was "too heroic to be a medical officer".
Parliamentary enquiry.
Aware that his accusers were highly regarded by the government, Embling briefed supportive parliamentarian James Johnston on the activities and corruption he had witnessed at Yarra Bend. The story was picked up by the press, and in April 1852, only four months after Embling's appointment, "The Argus" newspaper called for a reorganisation of the asylum. Public support for an enquiry grew, and following a motion put by Johnston in July 1852, a Select Committee was appointed "To Enquire into the Yarra Bend Lunatic Asylum and to take Evidence".
The committee sat from August to December 1852, with the final report citing evidence of mismanagement and human rights abuses including
The Committee found that patients had been severely maltreated and that the Superintendent was "grossly negligent as well as highly culpable". Praise was heaped upon Embling by the Committee, declaring "it is with extreme regret we observe the efforts of this gentleman to promote the efficiency of a valuable institution, and to check the abuses that so seriously affected its usefulness…"
Lieutenant-Governor Charles La Trobe dismissed the entire staff of Yarra Bend, including Embling. Superintendent Watson was given another post which led to "The Argus" launching a bitter attack on La Trobe, stating that Embling had been "turned adrift". Embling wrote a comprehensive account of his experiences at Yarra Bend Asylum which The Argus published. Despite the outcry against Embling's dismissal, Dr Robert Bowie was appointed as the first Medical Superintendent at Yarra Bend and Embling set up a private practice in Gore Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne.
Politician.
Embling publicly supported the popular movement at the Eureka Stockade near Ballarat in December 1854 and took over the chair at a public meeting which passed resolutions in favour of the gold miner's cause. In 1855, he supported the eight-hours labour movement and is credited with coining the slogan, 'Eight hours labour, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest'.
Embling was elected to the old unicameral Victorian Legislative Council for North Bourke in September 1855, holding this seat until the Council ceased in March 1856. It was during this time that Embling was able to use his experience in the workings of lunatic asylums as he sat on an Asylum Board of Enquiry. Embling later was elected as a member of the newly created Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Collingwood in November 1856, becoming a founding member of the Assembly. He served in the seat until July 1861 and again from February 1866 to December 1867. Following disagreements with his fellow politicians and poor health Embling withdrew from politics in 1869 and resumed his general medical practice.
Zoological Society and the acclimatisation of animals.
Embling was a strong advocate of the introduction of exotic animals into Victoria. In 1856 he lobbied parliament for the introduction of alpacas. In 1858 he proposed importing camels for use in desert exploration and he spoke at length in Parliament and in the Melbourne press on the subject. He supported the establishment of the Zoological Society and proposed that George James Landells be sent to India to purchase camels. The camels Landells returned with were used on the Burke and Wills expedition in 1860.
Death and commemoration.
Thomas Embling died of "Senile Debility" on 17 January 1893 survived by his wife and four children.
In April 2000 'Thomas Embling Hospital' was opened. Built adjacent to the site of the original Yarra Bend Asylum, Thomas Embling Hospital is operated by the Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health and is a secure hospital for patients from the criminal justice system who are in need of psychiatric assessment, care and treatment.


Laboratoires Expanscience

Laboratoires Expanscience was created in 1950 by Paul Berthomé and a pharmacist and is a pharmaceutical laboratory specializing in dermocosmetics, rheumatology, dermatology and the marketing of active cosmetic ingredients. It owns a well known brand Mustela.
History.
In 1950, Laboratoires Expanscience was created by Paul Berthomé and a pharmacist and specialized in dermocosmetics.
From 1957, Expanscience decided to diversify into rheumatology.
Laboratoires Expanscience began to develop the international side of its business from 1963 with the opening of a Belgian subsidiary.
Between 1963 and 1996, Laboratoires Expanscience increased its international presence with the opening of 5 subsidiaries in Italy (1965), Spain (1971), Portugal (1979) and the United States (1989).
In 1996, Laboratoires Expanscience once again diversified its business with the introduction of a range of dermatological medicines, followed in 2001 by the launch of its dental health business.
In 2002, the business continued its international expansion with the opening of a subsidiary in Mexico, followed in 2009 by one in Poland and in 2013 with the opening of 2 subsidiaries in Brazil and Turkey then, in 2014 in Australia, in 2015 in Russia and Canada and in 2017, in China and Hong-Kong.
In April 2018, Laboratoires Expanscience became the first French pharmaceutical and dermocosmetics laboratory to become a B Corp, an international certification granted to corporations committed to the common good.
The Expanscience Brands.
Mustela.
Mustela is a line of products for baby care. The product line includes the following ranges: Mustela Baby - Child Normal Skin, Mustela Baby - Child Dry Skin, Mustela Baby - Child Very Sensitive Skin, Mustela Baby - Child Atopic-Prone Skin, Mustela Specific Care, Mustela Sun Protection, Mustela Maternity.
The name Mustela means 'weasel' in Latin.
Other products and brands.
In addition to these brands Laboratoires Expanscience market the following products:
Research and development.
Laboratoires Expanscience has devoted part of its business to research and development.
In 2020, Laboratoires Expanscience invested 3.62% of its turnover in research and development. Between 1997 and 2020, Laboratoires Expanscience has filed 97 patents in France, 1037 patents worldwide and produced 61 scientific publications.
Laboratoires Expanscience research work is carried out in three centers at its Épernon site:
Sustainable development.
Laboratoires Expanscience initiated a sustainable development strategy in February 2004 with the signature of the United Nations Global Compact.
From 2005, Laboratoires Expanscience has set up a Corporate Social Responsibility framework to incorporate sustainable development into its corporate strategy.
Its action on sustainable development is carried out in 4 areas of work:
In December 2011, Laboratoires Expanscience joined the Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT), ensuring that its sourcing practices promote the conservation of biodiversity, respect traditional knowledge and assure the equitable sharing of benefits all along the supply chain.
Furthermore, Laboratoires Expanscience has set up an environmental management system aiming to get an ISO 14001 certification for 2012 for its production site.
In April 2018, Laboratoires Expanscience became the first French pharmaceutical and dermocosmetics laboratory to become a "B Corp", an international certification granted to corporations committed to the common good.
The Mustela Foundation.
Founded in 1982 by the father of the current President of Laboratoires Expanscience under the aegis of the Fondation de France, the Mustela Foundation is aimed at child health professionals and its objective is to promote research and other projects on child development and parenting worldwide.
Since its creation, the Mustela Foundation has supported research by awarding scientific research grants and since 2007 via the Research-Action prize which finances a project led by practicians on the ground and/or researchers working on a topic set out by the scientific committee of the Mustela Foundation.
In 2006, the Mustela Foundation launched a prize for social pediatrics in partnership with the Société Française de Pédiatrie to support a project promoting the positive treatment of children and their families. The Mustela Foundation also carries out action for health protection by distributing free literature.
The Mustela Foundation launched a prize for maieutic in France in 2012, in Belgium in 2014, in Poland in 2015, in Spain in 2017 and in Turkey in 2019. In 2018, the Mustela Foundation launched the Awakening of the Senses Research Grant in France.
Company's management.
Laboratoires Expanscience is managed by Jean-Paul Berthomé who is the CEO.
Financial Data.
In 2020, Laboratoires Expanscience had a turnover of 250.2 million Euros, 27% made in France and 73% internationally.
Breakdown of turnover by business sector.
The 2020 turnover can be broken down as follows:


Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences

The Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), formerly known as" Hospital for Mental Diseases, Shahdara", is a mental health and neurosciences research institute based in Shahdara, New Delhi, India.
History.
HMD.
The Hospital for Mental Diseases in Shadhara, Dehli (HMD) was the final establishment built that started from a chain of lunatic asylums that were begun by the East India Company and British Raj. The building has been described as having "a flavour of a custodial setting". Service users with mental illness were accommodated in closed cells within high hospital walls.
IHBAS.
IHBAS was established in 1993, in response to a Supreme Court verdict, transforming previous HMD into a centre for treatment, training, and research. It is an Autonomous Society under administration by the Delhi Government. It has three clinical and all other para and allied branches.
Controversy & Criticism.
Refusal to Divulge Patient Records under RTI Act.
"The Hindu "on August 2013 reported that multiple requests for a photocopy of medical records of individuals who sought treatment were refused by the "Department of Psychiatry, IHBAS," New Delhi. The director of the institute stated that the verdict he maintained to requests for copies were upheld by Central Information Commission (CIC) which monitors upon the proper enforcement of Right to Information Act. The director also states that the medical records of the patients contained information about them by informants such as family members and thus could not be divulged.
Evaluation and Detention of Criminal Convict.
In June, 2013, The Hindustan Times reported that Devinderpal Singh Bhullar who was accused in a 1993 bombing incident which killed 9 people was evaluated for more than 1 year in IHBAS, New Delhi there the treating psychiatrists concluded that he was suffering from severe depression and was not mentally fit for his execution in Tihar Jail.


Frank Flynn

Francis Stanislaus ("Frank") Flynn AC FRACO (6 December 1906, Sydney – 29 July 2000) was a Northern Territory-based Australian doctor (ophthalmologist), author and missionary priest. He is notable for his contributions to religion, medicine and Aboriginal welfare.
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He was born on 6 December 1906 and educated in Sydney, receiving MB BS with 1st class honours in 1930. In 1931 he sailed to England and in 1931 and 1933–1934 studied and worked at the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital (Moorfields) in London. Prior to World War II he had made several important contributions to the study of eye disease, including the introduction of a new drug which he named Mydriciane, and the design and patenting of a machine used in operating on detached retinas.
He returned to Sydney in 1934 and joined the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (Missionnaires du Sacré-Coeur) (MSC) in December 1935. He was ordained a priest in March 1942 and was sent to the Northern Territory. From 1942 to 1945 worked with Army Hospitals. From 1946 to 1968 he was consulting ophthalmologist to the Northern Territory Department of Health. His activity as a consulting ophthalmologist to the Northern Territory Trachoma and Eye Health Programme continued until 1992.
From 1944 to 1946 he studied Anthropology with Professor Elkin and gained Diploma of Anthropology at University of Sydney with the intention of gaining "a wider knowledge and appreciation of Aboriginal culture and genealogy, and academic methods of field research".
As early as 1942 maybe he had identified and officially reported that there was an appallingly high level of trachoma amongst the Australian Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory. In 1957 he made a full report on his findings in The Medical Journal of Australia. In 1976 an official Australian-wide survey on trachoma amongst Australian Aboriginals was started under the direction of Professor Fred Hollows.
In 1967 Flynn was transferred to Port Moresby as Administrator of the Cathedral and Director of Catholic Health Services in Papua New Guinea. In 1970 the Medical Faculty at the University of Papua New Guinea was founded.
He returned to Darwin in 1977 and was still active in the 1990s; for example, in 1995 he worked with Army medical eye service units which travelled to isolated Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory.
Recognition.
At one stage his full list of titles read: MSC, AC, MB, BS (Syd), DOMS RCP&S (Eng), Dip Relig Studies (Rome), Dip Anthrop (Syd), FACTM (Townsville), MD (hc) (Syd), DSc (hc) (NTC), which led to a young friend writing, "Mum is worried about the number of letters after your name".


Keith Jones (surgeon)

Sir Keith Stephen Jones, MB BS (Hons) FRCS (Edinburgh) FRACS FRAGP (Hon) FACEM (Hon) (7 July 1911 – 2 March 2012) was an Australian general practitioner, surgeon and medical executive, who served as the 6th President of the Australian Medical Association, from 1973–1976, during the introduction of universal health care in Australia.
Jones graduated as a medical doctor from the University of Sydney in 1933. He served in World War II with the 5th Field Ambulance in Papua New Guinea. He was awarded a fellowship with the Royal College of Surgeons in 1955. For his service to the medical profession, he was knighted in 1979.
Early life.
Jones was born on 7 July 1911 in Narrandera in the New South Wales Riverina, to Stephen and Muriel Jones, the eldest of four. Stephen William Jones was an engineer born in 1885. They had moved to Narrandera due to Stephen Jones' work on the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, in his role at the NSW Public Works Department. Muriel Elsy Mary Rickard was a music teacher, born in Cowra.
In 1912, after Stephen Jones was relocated to Newcastle, where Keith's two younger siblings, Gordon and Cecily were born. They lived in the suburb of Mayfield until Stephen was transferred to Sydney. The family moved to Manly in late 1919, when Keith's third sibling, Elizabeth, was born.
After starting school in Mayfield Public School and Hamilton Public School while in Newcastle, Jones studied at Manly Public School and Croydon Public School. While studying at Ashfield Preparatory School, Jones earned a scholarship to Newington College in Stanmore, which he attended from 1924, where he showed talent in sport. In his early years, he played rugby union, cricket and athletics and he won annual awards for his academic merits. As a senior student he was a prefect, Dux of the College, champion of the 880 yards and hurdles races and was captain of the 1st XV Rugby team. During this time, he broke records, including the New South Wales junior 880 yards record in 1929. He also won awards for mathematics and chemistry.
While living at Wesley College during University studies he partook in sport at the Sydney University Athletics Club. He ran in the Australian Championships in 1932, during which he was a part of the mile medley team which set a record which would not be beaten until 1942. He set Australian team records in the 4 x 400 and 4 x 880 yards relays and in the one mile medley relay. Though a candidate for competition in the upcoming 1934 British Empire Games and 1936 Olympics, he was unable to balance his medical studies and his sport and was forced to retire after his success in 1932.
Army service.
While Jones studied at Newington College, he enrolled in the cadets corps and, when he was eighteen, he joined the Sydney University Regiment. After graduation, Jones joined the Australian Army Medical Corps. He was placed in the Reserves until the start of World War II, when he joined the 5th Field Ambulance, which was based in Greta Camp, which at the time, had no motor vehicle ambulances. The unit was stationed in regional New South Wales, and later Queensland, before moving to Papua New Guinea. He was a major, and his role was predominantly administrative. His brother, Gordon Jones, had also studied medicine and was serving in the Medical Corps when he was killed on the AHS "Centaur". Keith Jones had declined a position on the ship during the period in which it sunk. In 2009, the wreckage was found near Queensland.
In 1944, Keith Jones was relieved from his position on compassionate grounds, after his wife Kath suffered severe burns. By the end of his service he had served in the 2nd Australian Army Corps and the 6th, 7th and 9th Divisions in Papua New Guinea.
Medical career.
Training.
Jones studied at the University of Sydney and lived at Wesley College from 1928, which were supported in part by scholarships from Wesley and Newington Colleges. In 1928, Jones entered the Faculty of Medicine. An excerpt from the 1933 University of Sydney Yearbook reads "as well as being a first-class athlete, Keith is an excellent scholar. His academic career has been quite unruffled and he has gained honours each year …"
He conducted an internship at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and began working at the Western Suburbs Hospital during his fourth year. Though still a student, Jones was taken on as a resident medical officer given a shortage of junior doctors caused by the Great Depression.
Practice.
Thanks to financial assistance from his father, Jones entered general practice in the small, south coast town of Pambula, where he stayed for ten years.
After serving in World War II both in Northern Australia and in Papua New Guinea, Jones re-entered general practice in Pambula, but sought further qualification to enter surgery.
New qualification systems for the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons meant that because of Jones’ training, which was not in keeping with regulation, he was not eligible to attain a fellowship. Instead he had to travel to Edinburgh to train and sit the exam for the Royal College of Surgeons instead. He gained his fellowship in 1949 and began practicing as a general surgeon. In 1953 he obtained a role as an Honorary Surgeon to the Manly Hospital, and later the Director of the Accident Emergency Unit. In 1955, he began practicing out of rooms on Macquarie Street.
Presidency of the Australian Medical Association.
After Jones graduated as a Fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons in 1949, Jones was qualified in specialist medicine. He traveled to the United States in the late 1960s, where he was involved in meetings of the American Medical Association. Upon his return, colleagues, led by Archie Collins, commended him for leadership positions in the New South Wales branch of the Australian Medical Association. While a Senior Resident Medical Officer at Western Suburbs Hospital, Jones uncle, AM McIntosh, who was an honorary surgeon at the hospital, had encouraged Jones to join the British Medical Association. Jones' engagement was limited until 1952 Collins, a doctor at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, invited Jones to run for the New South Wales Branch of the British Medical Association. In 1962, the British Medical Association now the Australian Medical Association, he became the President of the branch. After his term as President ended in 1963, he served as Treasurer and as New South Wales Branch Council Representative to the Federal Council. He served as State Association Treasurer for seven years.
John Gorton’s government passed a bill in 1969 which established the public health insurance service. Jones was the treasurer of the New South Wales Australian Medical Association and was held responsible when, on the 1st of July 1970, a list of fees and benefits was announced by the Federal Government. These were displeasing to the Australian Medical Association populous. Over one-thousand attendees at a meeting of the New South Wales Australian Medical Association offered a vote of no confidence in Jones and voted to bar him the chance to speak on the matter. Both Jones and the other New South Wales Australian Medical Association Federal Councillor, Dr Munro Alexander, left the meeting and tendered their resignations. The Executive refused to accept the resignations however, at the next general meeting Alexander lost his position, and Jones was only returned narrowly.
After this experience, Jones was re-elected as a Committee member for the next term and chosen to serve on the Federal Australian Medical Association council. In 1972 he served as the Vice President and one year later, he was elected president. However, the then Labor Government's continual efforts to state owned health care in the form of Medibank proved controversial, particularly with the Trade Unions. The Australian Medical Association opposed the publication of the health service, as it now restricted general practitioners' capacity to set their own fees. Backlash from the Unions was so significant that Jones received death threats due to his role, and the Medical Association was required to employ security for his safety. Despite this, he became popular as President, with one commentator noting at the time that Jones was "one of the more stylish of Australia's medical leaders."
He served as President of the Australian Medical Association until 1976. At the annual meeting of the association on 2 June 1976, Jones' final meeting as president, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Australian Medical Association.
After Presidency.
After Jones left the executive of the Australian Medical Association after his Presidency ended in 1976, he was appointed to oversee the development of Manly Hospital's Medical and Emergency Centre. He was the Director of the centre for the next seven years. During this time, because his role at Manly Hospital was not overly strenuous after the development to the Emergency Centre was complete, Jones took on another role as Chief Executive Officer for the Manly-Warringah Health Area. This role often entailed legal oversight in Committees of Inquiry, which were powers established in the New South Wales Hospitals Act. Further, the Minister for Health appointed Jones to further roles at this time, as a mediator sent to the Lake Macquarie power plant, whose union was demanding upgrades made to Wyong Hospital. He served a similar role at a regional hospital which was to be closed in Carcoar and at a board dispute at Nepean District Hospital. By this time, Jones was an expert in public and social health, which encouraged his invitation to an symposium on "International Perspectives on American Health Policy Choices", in 1980. In March 1980, he was formally invested as a Knight Bachelor by then Governor-General Sir Zelman Cowen.
In 1981, after turning seventy, Jones retired from his position at Manly Hospital and entered the medico-legal field.
Personal and later life.
Jones met Kath Abbott in 1930 at a charity dance at Croydon Masonic Hall. They became engaged in 1932 and were married on 30 January 1936. Abbott was an artist, who attended the Julian Ashton Art School and whose works were later showcased at the Macquarie Galleries in Sydney. Abbott's father was Arthur Abbott (1876–1960), a president of The Incorporated Law Institute of New South Wales. Her grandfather was Joseph Abbott (1843–1903), wool–broker and New South Wales state politician. Together, they had three children, Stephen in 1937, Richard in 1941 and Robert in 1945.
In 1944, Kath Jones was badly burned and Jones was discharged from his military duties and returned home. Though she was not initially expected to survive her injuries, she made a full recovery after treatment at Manly Hospital, where Jones would later be employed. The Joneses moved from Pembula to Manly in 1945 so that the children could go to school in Sydney. Jones entered general practice locally. In January 1984, the Joneses moved to Bayview. The family lived on Sydney's Northern Beaches for the rest of their lives.
In retirement, Jones took mathematics classes at the University of Sydney and spent more time on the board of the Manly Regional Art Gallery and Museum, where Kath Jones' work had been showcased. He later served as President of the Board from 1979 until 1984. The Jonses enjoyed attending musical concerts, ballet, and the opera.
Jones died on 2 March 2012, aged 100, at Peter Cosgrove House, RSL Village, Collaroy, New South Wales. He was survived by his three sons. Lady Jones predeceased him in 2002, aged 90. At the end of her life she lived at Bayview Gardens Nursing home, and suffered dementia.


Pat Upton

Pat Upton (1 September 1944 – 22 February 1999) was an Irish Labour Party politician and veterinarian.
Early life.
He was born in Kilrush, County Clare and educated at St. Flannan's College in Ennis, at University College Galway, and at University College Dublin (UCD) where he received a doctorate in veterinary medicine. He then worked as a lecturer.
Political career.
Upton was first elected to public office as a Labour Party member of Dublin County Council for Terenure at the 1991 local elections, where he served until the Council's abolition in 1994, and then as a member of South Dublin County Council until 1999.
He had unsuccessfully contested the Dublin South-Central constituency at the 1989 general election. However, he was then elected to the 19th Seanad on the Agricultural Panel, and became the Labour Party's leader in Seanad Éireann.
At the 1992 general election, he stood again in Dublin South-Central, and in Labour's "Spring Tide" surge at that election, Upton topped the poll with nearly 12,000 first-preference votes, a remarkable 1.48 quotas. He was re-elected at the 1997 general election with a considerably reduced vote.
In the 28th Dáil he was appointed as Labour's spokesperson on Justice, Equality and Law Reform. A leading critic of Labour's 1999 merger with the Democratic Left, he nonetheless became the party's spokesman on communications and sport after the merger.
He was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in 1994–1995.
Death.
He died suddenly of a heart attack on 22 February 1999 at the UCD veterinary school, where he was still an occasional lecturer, and was survived by his wife and their four children. Politicians of all parties paid glowing tributes to him an outspoken but "erudite and incisive" contributions to politics and to Irish culture.
The by-election for his Dáil seat in Dublin South-Central was held on 27 October 1999, and won for the Labour Party by his sister Mary Upton.
Honours.
Following his death, the University College Dublin branch of the Labour party was named in his honour due to his involvement with the college. It has since been renamed to honour the Spanish Civil War veteran Charlie Donnelly.


William Wallace Stewart Johnston

Sir William Wallace Stewart Johnston, (21 December 1887 – 21 August 1962) was a medical practitioner and an Australian Army officer who served in First and Second World Wars. He was in charge of medical services during the Kokoda Track campaign.
Early life.
William Wallace Stewart Johnston was born in South Yarra, Victoria, on 21 December 1887, the second son of William Edward Johnston, a barrister who later became a County Court of Victoria judge, and his wife Clara Jane, née Wallace. He was a grandson of James Johnston.
Johnston was educated at was educated at Melbourne Grammar School, and then entered Trinity College at the University of Melbourne, where he studied medicine. He graduated with his dual Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degrees in 1914, and became a resident medical officer at Melbourne Hospital.
Great War.
Johnston joined the First AIF on 7 July 1915, and was commissioned as a captain in the Australian Army Medical Corps. On 18 December 1915, he embarked for Egypt on the SS "Karoola", a hospital ship. On arrival on 2 February 1916, he was posted to the 3rd Field Ambulance. On 27 March 1916, he embarked at Alexandria on the SS "Kinstonian" for the Western Front via Marseilles.
On 1 August 1916, Johnston was posted to the 12th Battalion as its Regimental Medical Officer (RMO). He was awarded the Military Cross for Battle of Mouquet Farm. His citation read:
Johnson was promoted to major on 17 September 1917. Four days later he suffered gunshot wounds to the neck and chest in the Third Battle of Ypres, and was evacuated to England. He was recommended for the Victoria Cross, but his citation was downgraded to the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). He was also mentioned in despatches. His DSO citation read:
Johnston did not rejoin the 12th Battalion until 1 May 1918. He embarked for Australian on the on 27 September 1919, and his AIF appointment was terminated on 21 January 1920.
Between the wars.
The University of Melbourne awarded Johnston a Doctor of Medicine degree by in 1921. He resumed his medical career as a consultant and as one of the honorary medical staff at Melbourne Hospital. He married his cousin Jessie Mary Clark, a niece of the rose breeder Alister Clark, at Scots' Church, Melbourne on 3 December 1923. They had two sons.
Between the wars, Johnston remained active in the Militia, and commanded the 2nd Field Ambulance from 1928 to 1934. He then became Assistant Director of Medical Services (ADMS) at Army Headquarters. He was made an Officer of the Order of Saint John in January 1937. He was later advanced to the rank of commander in 1944, and to knight in 1948.
Second World War.
Johnston was promoted to colonel on 13 October 1939, and commenced full-time duty as Assistant Director General of Medical Services. He joined the Second AIF on 21 November 1939, with the rank of colonel, and was allocated the AIF service number VX229. He assumed command of the 2/2nd General Hospital, with which he embarked for Egypt on 17 June 1940.
On 5 February 1941, Johnston became Deputy Director of Medical Services (DDMS) at I Corps, which he led in the Battle of Greece. For his services coordinating the British and Australian medical services in the campaign. He was subsequently in charge of the medical services during the Syria-Lebanon campaign. He was promoted to brigadier on 10 August 1941, and he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in December 1941.
Johnston returned to Australia in February 1942, and served as DDMS of New Guinea Force during the Kokoda Track campaign. He was relieved of his command in November 1942, and returned to Australia, ostensibly on medical grounds. For his services in the campaign, he was again mentioned in despatches. He became DDMS of II Corps on 28 May 1943. He was appointed the honorary physician to the Governor General of Australia on 8 July 1943, and placed on the retired list on 20 July.
Later life.
After the war, Johnston resumed his medical practice and honorary position at Melbourne Hospital. He was elected president of the exclusive Melbourne Club in 1945. He was the director of the Melbourne Medical Post-Graduate Committee from 1947 from 1956, and its chairman from 1956 to 1962. He became chief commissioner to the St John Ambulance Brigade in 1957, and was a member of the Australian Red Cross Society from 1945 to 1952. He was the vice-president of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians from 1958 to 1960. He was knighted in 1960, and was president of the Graduate Union of the University of Melbourne from 1959 to 1961. The University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1962.
Johnston died in East Melbourne on 21 August 1962, and his remains were cremated. He was survived by his wife and two sons.


Far Eastern University Institute of Nursing

The Far Eastern University – Institute of Nursing or (IN) is one of the top-performing nursing schools in the Philippines in terms of Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination performance and employment in various nursing settings. It currently offers a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree that qualifies the graduate to take the Philippine Board Licensure Examination. Its Virtual Integrated Nursing Education Simulation (VINES) Laboratory was the first nursing virtual laboratory in the Philippines and the second in Asia.
The Institute of Nursing offers programs leading to a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing and a Master of Arts degree in Nursing.
At present, the Institute is LEVEL 3 PAASCU accredited and currently working for its level 4 accreditation status. It seeks to become the Center for Excellence in Nursing Simulation in the Philippines and Asia.
Affiliated hospitals.
Below is a list of some hospitals in the Philippines currently accredited and affiliated with the Far Eastern University - Institute of Nursing wherein students from the Institute are being trained and supervised by qualified Clinical Instructors from the university and nursing theories are applied as part of delivery of nursing care.
FEU-IN Virtual Integrated Nursing Education Simulation Laboratory (VINES).
The hospital set-up closely approximates the standards of the Joint Commission, the leading health care accrediting body in the USA, and other international hospital and infection standards in terms of bed-to-sink ratios, hospital door widths, functionality, work and patient flow.
The VINES Laboratory (Virtual Integrated Nursing Education Simulation) is the leading virtual simulation laboratory in the Philippines. It aims to teach nursing skills iteratively and sequentially without harming patients. It seeks to become the Center for Excellence in Nursing Simulation in the Philippines and Asia.


Government Medical College, Kathua

Government Medical College, Kathua is a full-fledged tertiary referral Government Medical college. It was established in the year 2019. This college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). The college is affiliated to University of Jammu and is recognised by Medical Council of India. The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Kathua. The selection to the college is done on the basis of merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 100 from the year 2019.
Courses.
Government Medical College, Kathua undertakes education and training of students MBBS courses


China Pharmaceutical Industry Association

The China Pharmaceutical Industry Association (CPIA) was founded in September 1988 and it is a non-governmental, non-profit pharmaceutical industry association in China. Its members are mainly from large and medium-sized pharmaceutical corporations, pharmaceutical machinery and medicinal glass packaging companies, regional pharmaceutical industrial associations, pharmaceutical research institutions, designing institutes, universities, colleges and secondary schools of this sector etc.
CPIA is a national level society registered in the Ministry of Civil Affairs, with the status of social legal person. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council directly administer the association. CPIA is a member and also a standing council director's unit of China Federation of Industrial Economics. Besides, CPIA is a member of the Society Research Study under the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and also one of the main founders of Asian Federation for Medicinal Chemistry. Now CPIA has 338 members, the industrial output value of which (added together) is nearly up to 80 percent of that of the whole China's pharmaceutical industry. CPIA also has 15 professional working units: 2 branch associations, 13 working & coordinating committees and communication groups.
Aims.
The aims of CPIA are focused on abiding by the Constitution, laws, regulations and policies of P.R.C, undertaking industry management work entrusted by the government, serving as a bridge between the government and enterprises, serving its members & protecting their legal rights & interests, expressing the opinions of the members of the government, assisting the government to make industrial policies, promoting the development of the pharmaceutical industry in China.
CPIA offers service to its members and has completed a number of projects related to industry surveys and research since its establishment. CPIA also played a role as communicator between the government and the members, expressed opinions about industry policies and proposed constructive suggestions to the government. Moreover, CPIA collects technical, economic, marketing, policy related information and materials of the industry from China and abroad and supplied them to its members. CPIA also carries out a wide range consultancy services and initiated technical transfer programs and activities, which give considerable benefits to its members. Recently CPIA organized workshops, seminars to coordinate direct dialogues between the government and member companies focusing on relevant hot topics of drug bidding policies, drug pricing, national drug list for basic medical insurance, drug registration and drug reimbursement. CPIA has set up a system of conducting regular dialogue with the Price Department of National Development and Reform Commission, the Medical Insurance Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Drug Registration Dept. of State Food and Drug Administration. These activities enhanced the understanding between the government and the enterprises and also helped the members of CPIA adequately carry out drug laws, regulations and policies of the government. Entrusted by China Federation of the Industrial Economics, CPIA recommended concerned experts to discuss MOC (Ministry of Commerce)'s List of the Technologies Encouraged to Import, Technologies Restricted to Import, Technologies Forbidden to export.
CPIA explored nongovernmental contacts and exchanges with foreign counterparts, established relationships with pharmaceutical industry associations from Southeast Asia, West Europe, North Europe as well as Taiwan Region, Japan, South Korea, and India.
The CPIA has been supported by its members and appraised by the government. It was honored as "Excellency Rewards for Industrial Association" in the year of 1994, 1998 and 2003. It was also awarded a medal as "SARS Fighters" as an advanced national industrial association by the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
CPIA has always been led by pharmaceutical industry senior executives and entrepreneurs. The management team of CPIA was elected in April 2004 and the sixth session of the leadership is as follows: Chairman, Ms Zheng Hong, the Chairman of China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation; Executive Chairman, Mr. Li Shunnian, also the 3rd, 4th and 5th Chairman of CPIA; Honorary Chairman, Mr. Zheng Xiaoyu, the Director General of State Food and Drug Administration; Honorary Chairman, Mr. Gu Jiaqi, the Senior Vice Chairman of China Federation of Industrial Economics; Specially Invited Advisor, Mr. Yu Mingde, the Executive Chairman of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association.
The other executives and vice Chairman of CPIA are from top executives the prominent pharmaceutical companies, including large and medium-sized state-owned companies and nongovernmental enterprises. Some are also from senior management of famous Sino-foreign pharmaceutical joint ventures, commercial corporations as well as top leaders of regional pharmaceutical industry associations. As China further improves its market environment and deepens its economic reform, there is a wider space for CPIA to develop its business and it is playing a more important role in the industry. With the improvement of the CPIA service, CPIA will engage more activities in pharmaceutical companies' restructuring and reorganizations, technical transfer, research innovations, in discussing the sustained growth of the industry, two markets and two kinds of resources.


Robin Carrell

Robin Wayne Carrell (born 5 April 1936) is a New Zealand-born haematologist.
Born in 1936, Carrell was educated at Christchurch Boys' High School from 1949 to 1953. He graduated MB ChB from the University of Otago in 1959, and BSc(Hons) in chemistry and biochemistry from the University of Canterbury and Lincoln College in 1965. He completed his PhD at the University of Cambridge in 1967 and in 1968 he was appointed head of clinical biochemistry at Christchurch Hospital, the department later becoming part of the University of Otago Christchurch School of Medicine. As a spin-off from his research he co-founded biotechnology company Canterbury Scientific in 1985. He returned to Cambridge the following year as professor of haematology, retiring in 2003, but as professor emeritus he has continued his research at Cambridge. He retired from the board of directors of Canterbury Scientific in 2012.
In 1986 he won the Hector Medal, at the time the highest award in New Zealand science. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1980, a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge in 1987, and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2002.


Psychiatric Clinic in Prague

The Psychiatric Clinic in Prague is the oldest psychiatric hospital in the Czech Republic. Part of Prague's General Faculty Hospital, the clinic has five inpatient wards and also provides integrated day treatment. An expansion in 2000 added a day care centre for adolescents. The clinic's hot line, established in 1964, was the first of its kind in Europe.


Gladesville Mental Hospital

The Gladesville Mental Hospital, formerly known as the Tarban Creek Lunatic Asylum, was a psychiatric hospital established in 1838 in Gladesville, Sydney, New South Wales in Australia. The Hospital officially closed in 1993, with the last inpatient services ceased in 1997.
Description and history.
Before 1838, people with mental or emotional problems in the Sydney area were housed in a "lunatic asylum" in Gladesville, a suburb located on the Parramatta River's Northern banks between Sydney and Parramatta, or at the Female Factory in Parramatta, twenty-four kilometres west of Sydney. In the 1830s, construction of a purpose-built asylum began on the banks of the Parramatta River, in the area now known as Gladesville. The original sandstone complex, known initially as Tarban Creek Lunatic Asylum, was designed by the Colonial Architect, Mortimer Lewis, between 1836 and 1838. Patients were then transferred from Liverpool and the Female Factory. James Barnet designed additional buildings in the hospital grounds precinct.
On 29 January 1993, Gladesville Hospital, together with Macquarie Hospital, was revoked as a hospital, and was amalgamated to form the Gladesville Macquarie Hospital. The last inpatient services were closed in 1997.
The first supervisor was John Thomas Digby, who sought to improve the treatment of the mentally ill, as did his successor, Frederick Norton Manning. On a visit to Sydney in 1867, Manning was invited by Henry Parkes to become medical superintendent of the Tarban Creek Lunatic Asylum. Before accepting, Manning went overseas and studied methods of patient care and administration of asylums; on his return to Sydney, he submitted a notable report. He was appointed to Tarban Creek on 15 October 1868 and immediately reported on the isolation of patients from their relations in accommodation best described as 'prison-like and gloomy', the inadequate facilities for their gainful employment and recreation and the monotonous diets deficient in both quantity and quality. In January 1869, the asylum's name was changed to the Hospital for the Insane, Gladesville, wherein patients were to receive treatment rather than be confined in a 'cemetery for diseased intellects'. By 1879 radical changes in patient care and accommodation had been made. Gladesville was extended and modernized, and an asylum for imbeciles set up in Newcastle and a temporary asylum at Cooma. Manning minimized the use of restraint and provided for patient activities
The hospital continued to grow, sometimes through acquiring nearby properties. One notable acquisition was the heritage-listed "The Priory", a two-storey sandstone house in Salter Street, Gladesville. The house was built in the late 1840s, possibly by a family named Stubbs. In the 1850s, it was sold to the Marist Fathers, who influenced the early development of Hunters Hill. The hospital acquired it in 1888. It was listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate in 1978.
In 1915, the designation was changed again when the complex became known as the Gladesville Mental Hospital. In 1993, the Gladesville hospital was amalgamated with the Macquarie Hospital at North Ryde to create Gladesville Macquarie Hospital. In 1997, all inpatient services were consolidated at the Macquarie, North Ryde site.
Heritage listings.
The following buildings and structures have various heritage listings on the New South Wales State Heritage Register, the local government register of the New South Wales Heritage Database, and/or the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate.


Sharon Lewin

Sharon Ruth Lewin , is an Australian Infectious Disease physician and researcher, and the inaugural director of The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital. She leads a multi-disciplinary research team working on mechanisms of HIV latency, clinical trials advancing potential HIV cure strategies and how HIV is affected by co-infections such as Hepatitis B. Lewin has extensive experience in scientific leadership, and is a strong advocate for community engagement and partnership in research.
Research and accomplishments.
Lewin began her research career just as highly active antiretroviral treatment emerged as a transformative influence on the lives of people living with HIV. Drawn to study HIV because of its enormous global challenge, along with the complex social issues, complex medicine and potentially transformative science, Lewin's research interests have developed from questions arising during the clinical care of people living with HIV. Detecting, quantifying and potentially reactivating latent HIV is a central theme of Lewin's research, which spans basic virology, cellular immunology and clinical research. Her research laboratory is run together with immunologist and clinician Associate Professor Paul Cameron, with whom she has developed a long-standing collaboration and partnership. Lewin has authored over 250 peer-reviewed publications.
While completing her postdoctoral training with David Ho at the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Centre, Lewin developed a highly sensitive PCR method to detect unspliced HIV RNA, an early product of viral transcription, in people receiving antiretroviral drugs. Over 20 years later, this method still informs studies of residual HIV replication, HIV latency and viral reactivation. Lewin's laboratory has developed models of HIV latency which are used to further tease out the mechanisms involved, and to assess the impact of latency reversal agents. Lewin's lab has shown that triggering the CCR7 receptor on resting CD4 T cells can induce latency, acting through the activation of the cellular cytoskeleton, particularly actin remodelling. This chemokine-induced latency model has been used in a comprehensive comparison of "in vitro" models for evaluating latency reversal agents. Lewin's laboratory has also described the role of myeloid dendritic cells and other antigen-presenting cells in establishing HIV latency.
Lewin's team have made contributions to the knowledge of the HIV reservoir during antiretroviral treatment. This includes studies of naive CD4 T cells, where longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have shown that both CD31+ and CD31- naive CD4 T cells contribute to the ongoing HIV reservoir and that HIV DNA is preferentially found in CD4 T cells expressing the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6. Lewin's group has also studied immune reconstitution after antiretroviral treatment begins, exposing some of the factors associated with faster reconstitution and has demonstrated7 a link between immune reconstitution and variants in the IL-7R gene.
Lewin's research has elucidated some of the basic immunology of Hepatitis B infection alone and in co-infection with HIV. Ongoing research is providing a deeper understanding of the clinical consequences of co-infection with Hepatitis B and HIV, both in Australian participants and through a long-standing collaboration with Thai researchers.
Lewin's clinical research efforts have focussed on potential HIV cure strategies, particularly those using the epigenetic modifiers including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). "In vitro" experiments showed that HDACis such as entinostat, metacept-1 and -3 could activate latent HIV in primary T cells. Following a sabbatical working with Christine Katlama and Brigitte Autran at the Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière and Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, Lewin began to focus more on moving potential cure strategies into clinical trials. Lewin's lab conducted the first multi-dose proof-of-concept HDACi trial in HIV positive participants, administering vorinostat daily over a 14-day period and assessing safety and impact on HIV transcription and reservoirs. The trial and follow-on study showed that while vorinostat was safe and able to increase HIV transcription in most participants, it did not reduce the HIV reservoir. A dose-escalation study conducted in Melbourne, Australia and San Francisco, California, USA of the anti-alcohol compound Disulfiram also showed the ability to increase levels of cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA. Both vorinostat and Disulfiram are now being investigated as part of a combination approach to latency activation ('kick' or 'tickle') followed by a second intervention to remove cells harbouring reactivated virus ('kill' or 'tease').
Lewin has been invited to present at international conferences, and gave the opening plenary at the International AIDS Conference in Vienna in 2010 to an audience of over 10,000. Lewin is also an international scientific advocate, was local co-chair for the International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2014) in Melbourne, a member of WHO and UNAIDS strategic advisory groups and lead co-author of the 2016 International AIDS Society global scientific strategy to achieve an HIV cure. Lewin is a founding council member of the Academy of Health and Medical Sciences, elected member of the Governing Council of the International AIDS Society representing the Asia Pacific region, member of the council of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia and chairs the Health Translation Advisory Committee. She chairs the Ministerial Advisory Committee on Blood Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmitted Infections, the peak advisory group to the Minister of Health of Australia.


Japan Chernobyl Foundation

The Japan Chernobyl Foundation (JCF) is an officially-approved Japanese non-profit organization, dedicated to providing humanitarian aid, largely through medical care to children with leukemia and other illnesses. Established in 1991, the foundation initially provided medical support to Ukrainian and Belarusian victims of the Chernobyl disaster. JCF has also been active in providing medical and humanitarian aid in Iraq since 2004, as well as in Japan in the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011. The headquarters of the Japan Chernobyl Foundation are in Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. The current JCF Chairman is Dr. Minoru Kamata.
History and activities.
The Japan Chernobyl Foundation was founded in January 1991 in Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, under the name "Nihon Cherunobuiri Rentai Kikin", or Japan Chernobyl Foundation (JCF), with the primary objective of providing medical support to victims of the 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The foundation has been particularly active in supporting screening, research and treatment for pediatric leukemia and thyroid cancer in cooperation with medical professionals at Shinshu University, the National Thyroid Cancer Center in Minsk, and the Gomel State Hospital.
In 2004, JCF began providing medical aid in Iraq, focusing primarily on pediatric oncology. The foundation has sponsored cytotoxic therapy for children with cancer, as well as blood bank services through the donation of cell separator machines. The foundation has also offered training courses for pediatric oncology staff at sites outside Iraq. With financial support from the Kirin Brewery company, JCF was also able to provide specific medical supplies, such as leukocytosis factor agents for chemotherapy, to Iraq’s Central Teaching Hospital and to the Mansour Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital. Through its concurrent affiliation with the Japan-Iraq Medical Network (JIM-NET), JCF continues to help save the lives of Iraqi children with leukemia.
Following the March 11, 2011, Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, which resulted in great damage along the north-eastern coast of Japan, and the subsequent nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, JCF staff have worked to check radiation levels in affected areas and to monitor foods from the region. With aid from the Shinshu University School of Medicine, the foundation has also been able to monitor blood radiation levels and watch for signs of thyroid cancer and leukemia in children, as well as provide psychological care.
In 2014, after the deterioration of the national security situation in Iraq and the ISIS occupation of Mosul and other Iraqi governorates, JCF launched a new initiative in Iraq to provide medical aid to refugees and other internally displaced people (IDP). The Mart-Shmuni Clinic has been sponsored by JCF since November 2014, with additional help from the government of Japan since March 2015. The initial Mart-Shmuni Clinic was simply a tent, staffed by doctors from among the IDP themselves. Subsequent JCF donation drives have provided sufficient support to establish a proper clinic and provide medicine and other supplies.
JCF Chairman, Dr. Minoru Kamata, and other JCF-affiliated doctors, nurses and staff members, have made numerous visits to Iraq to provide aid. In addition, one JCF member has been working continually on site with local doctors in Erbil, Iraq, to monitor progress of the project and assess clinical needs.
Publication.
Ground Zero, a quarterly publication, is the official journal of JCF. The journal details foundation activities through interviews and feature stories from disaster areas, and illustrates the role of JCF in working to solve relevant regional issues.


Mal Williams

Maldwyn Leslie Williams (9 September 1886 – 3 March 1917), known as "Mal" as a VFL footballer, mostly known as "Les" — and sometimes as "Billy" (from "Williams") — was an Australian rules footballer who played with University in the Victorian Football League. A graduate (M.B.B.S.) of Melbourne University, Lieutenant-Colonel Williams, serving as a medical officer in the First AIF, died as a result of wounds received in action, in France.
Family.
The son of Edward David Williams (1842–1909), M.L.A., and Jane Williams (1849–1919), née Jones, and brother of Susannah Jane Williams (1875–1942), he was born Castlemaine, Victoria on 9 September 1886.
He married Margaret Grant on 26 March 1913. they had two children, Margaret Ruth Williams, born in May 1914, and Marie Helen Williams, born in November 1915.
Education.
Educated at Castlemaine Grammar School and Melbourne Grammar School, Williams entered the University of Melbourne in March 1904, where he was a resident student at Trinity College for his entire undergraduate studies, having won a Trinity College scholarship.
Medicine.
He graduated in medicine in 1908, and working as a surgeon at Bendigo Base Hospital, before going into private practice.
Football.
University.
While at University he played inter-collegiate football for Trinity College.
In his last year at University (1908), both Melbourne University and the Richmond Football Club were admitted to the Victorian Football League (VFL). One of 32 players used by the university club in that inaugural season, he played seven senior matches for the university team — making his debut in the team that beat St Kilda 8.6 (54) to 5.10 (40) in round 4 (23 May 1908).
South Bendigo.
He continued his football career during 1910 and 1911, when he was a "dashing half-back" with the South Bendigo football team; and, in 1913 and 1914, he served on the South Bendigo committee.
Military.
In 1909 he joined the No. 2 Field Ambulance as captain. Once he had relocated to Bendigo (in 1910), he was posted to Kitchener Camp; and was later attached to the 67th (Bendigo) Infantry as a supernumerary medical officer. With the introduction of the universal military training scheme in Australia during 1911, he was given command of the B Section, 17th Australian Army Medical Corps. He was promoted to major in April 1914, and assumed command of the whole Corps in 1915.
He enlisted in the First AIF, at Bendigo, in July 1915, and entered camp on 24 August that year. He saw service with the Field Ambulance in Egypt before being transferred to France.
Williams was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in December 1916.
Death.
He was wounded in action when in command of the 1st Field Ambulance, at Eaucourt L'Abbaye, when shot through the left shoulder and the lung on 2 March 1917 by an "indiscriminate sniper".
He died of his wounds at the 3rd Australian Casualty Clearing Station, at Edgehill (near Dernancourt), on 3 March 1917. A few days later, the Australian Surgeon-General, Major-General Sir Neville Howse, VC, paid tribute to Williams by stating that, "everyone deplores the loss of a brilliant, popular young officer".
Mentioned in despatches.
On 1 June 1917, the British War Office announced that Williams had been mentioned in dispatches. The posthumous recommendation, made by the G.O.C. 1st. Australian Division, dated 7 March 1917, read: