Henri Cueco

Henri Cueco (19 October 1929 – 13 March 2017) was a French painter, essayist, novelist and radio personality. As a self-taught painter, his work was exhibited internationally. He was the author of several books, including collections of essays and novels. He was also a contributor to France Culture. A communist-turned-libertarian, he was a co-founder of Coopérative des Malassis, an anti-consumerist artists' collective. He was best known for "The Red Men", a series of figurative paintings depicting aspects of the Cold War like the May 1968 events, the Vietnam War and Red Scare, and his 150 still lifes, or "portraits," of potatoes.
Early life.
Henri Cueco was born on 19 October 1929 in Uzerche, Corrèze, a rural part of France. His father, Vicente Cueco, was an immigrant from Spain. His mother was French. He was essentially self-taught, though his father also taught him how to paint from the age of 13.
Career.
Cueco began his career as a landscape painter in the 1950s. He became a figurative painter, associated with the school of in 1960s. His artwork was political, and he was a critic of materialism and minimalism. He did paintings of hunting dogs and snakes, followed by 150 still lifes, or "portraits," of potatoes.
In 1969–1970, Cueco co-founded an artists collective called Coopérative des Malassis with Lucien Fleury, Jean-Claude Latil, Michel Parré and Gérard Tisserand. Together, they designed a politically satirical fresco called "Le Grand Méchoui" in 1972. They designed "Qui tue ? ou l’affaire Gabrielle Russier" in 1973. They also designed "Radeau de la Méduse ou la Dérive de la société", a decor on consumerism in the Grand'Place, Grenoble, in 1973–1975. They designed "Les affaires reprennent" in 1977.
His work was first exhibited at the Salon de la Jeune peinture, followed by the Atelier populaire. In 1970, he exhibited "The Red Men", a series of paintings on the Cold War (including the May 1968 events, the Vietnam War and the Red Scare), at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. In 1986, when he exhibited an irreverent portrait of Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Mao Zedong in Beijing, China, he was asked to take it down. The painting included the following quotation by Henri Jeanson: "Capitalism is the exploitation of men by men. Communism? It is the opposite."
In 1997, Cueco exhibited paintings inspired by Nicolas Poussin and Philippe de Champaigne at the "Centre d'art contemporain" in Meymac. In 2010, he exhibited nudes in the manner of Ingres at the Musée Ingres in Montauban. He exhibited his work at the "Musée d'art et d'archéologie du Périgord" in 2014, when he was the guest of honour at the Expoésie Festival. His last exhibition was held at La Maison Rouge in February 2017.
Cueco was the founder of the Association Pays Paysage in Uzerche. He was a contributor to the French radio station France Culture, especially its programmes called "Les Papous dans la tête" and "Les Décraqués". He was the author of several books, including novels and collections of essays. One of his novels was made into a 2007 film directed by Jean Becker, "Conversations with My Gardener".
Cueco was an avid reader of Marxist texts. He was member of the French Communist Party from 1956 to 1976. He also joined the General Confederation of Labour (CGT), one of the main labour unions in France. With Ernest Pignon-Ernest, he co-founded the "Syndicat national des artistes plasticiens CGT" in 1977. However, by the 1980s, he had become a libertarian.
Personal life and death.
Cueco had a wife, , and a son, , a professional zarb player. He resided between Vigeois in his native Corrèze and Paris.
Cueco died of a kidney infection but was weakened by Alzheimer's disease on 13 March 2017 in Paris. He was 87.


Andy Young (psychologist)

Andrew William Young is a British cognitive neuropsychologist whose primary research has been on face perception.
Career.
Young obtained a BSc (Psychology) from Bedford College, London in 1971 followed by a PhD from the University of Warwick in 1974.
He initially worked as a Lecturer at the University of Aberdeen (1974-1976) and at the University of Lancaster (1976-1989). He then moved to the University of Durham as Professor (1989-1993) followed by four years at the MRC Applied Psychology Unit at the University of Cambridge. In 1997 he was appointed Professor of Neuropsychology at the University of York.
Research.
He has conducted research on aspects of face perception. This has included functional neuroimaging and studies of people with different types of brain injury and psychiatric conditions.
He has discussed his work at different forums.
He has been President of the Experimental Psychology Society and the Psychology Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.


Adeline Smith

Adeline Smith (March 15, 1918 – March 19, 2013) (Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe) was an American elder, lexicographer, activist, and cultural preservationist. She was a member of one of four indigenous Klallam communities of the Pacific Northwest.
Smith was one of the last two native speakers of the Klallam language who spoke it as her first language. Smith led efforts to revive the Klallam language. Adeline Smith created the first Klallam alphabet with Timothy Montler, a professor of linguistics at the University of North Texas. Smith and Montler also developed the first Klallam dictionary, which was published in December 2012. She was the largest contributor, offering 12,000 words and phrases to the dictionary. Her revitalization work has enabled the Klallam language to be taught to public and private students from preschool through high school.
Smith also championed the preservation of Tse-whit-zen, a historic Lower Elwha village which is approximately 2,700 years old, rediscovered during a construction project on the waterfront in Port Angeles, and the restoration of the Elwha River. The removal of the Elwha dams, beginning in September 2011, drained Lake Aldwell reservoir, which had been created before she was born. The destruction of the dams and drainage of the lake uncovered the Klallam ceremonial creation site.
Biography.
Early life.
Smith was born on March 15, 1918. She was raised on a family homestead on the Elwha River, just outside Port Angeles, Washington. Her family spoke only Klallam at home and Smith did not have an English language name until she first enrolled in public school when she was seven years old. Her great-grandparents passed down the family's unwritten, oral history with events from the late 18th century.
Smith was forced to leave Chemawa Indian School, a boarding school in Salem, Oregon, shortly before her graduation due to the death of her mother and needs of her family. At age 18 she moved to Seattle with her niece, Bea Charles, to find work, despite the widespread discrimination against Native Americans at the time. (Bea Charles, who died in 2009, later became a noted Klallam linguist).
Smith worked a series of jobs, finding employment as a waitress and an employee of Goodwill Industries. During World War II, Smith worked as a welder at a submarine factory in San Francisco and at a Boeing plant in Seattle.
Klallam linguistic preservation.
Smith was working a job in Neah Bay, Washington, as a salal picker when she decided to move back permanently to the Lower Elwha Klallam reservation outside Port Angeles. She had worked outside the reservation for more than forty years by that time. Once she was back with the Lower Elwha, she began teaching Klallam history and culture.
In the 1990s, Smith began trying to revive the Klallam language, which had fallen into disuse. She co-created the first Klallam alphabet with Timothy Montler, a professor of linguistics at the University of North Texas. She worked with Montler throughout the 1990s, 2000s, and early 2010s to create the first Klallam-language dictionary. Smith contributed 12,000 words to the dictionary, making her the largest single contributor to the new lexicon. To research entries for the dictionary, Smith transcribed Khallam language recordings, which were made by the late ethnologist John Peabody Harrington in Khallam communities in 1942. The transcriptions took her months to complete.
The "Klallam Dictionary", a 983-page book, was published by the University of Washington Press in December 2012. It is one of the largest books ever published by the UW Press. The dictionary was unveiled at a celebration ceremony held at the Port Gamble S'Klallam longhouse on November 28, 2012. The ceremony was attended by members of the Lower Elwha, Jamestown S'Klallam, and Port Gamble Klallam communities. Members of the three tribal governments held up portraits of Smith, who could not attend, to honor her contributions to the dictionary. Smith held her first copy of the dictionary in January 2013. Copies of the dictionary were distributed to all Klallam tribal government offices and schools.
Smith trained new teachers in the Klallam language and culture. Since 2013, the Klallam language is taught in both private Klallam tribal and public schools in the Port Angeles area due to her efforts. Classes are taught from the elementary to high school levels.
Smith was the subject of a documentary, "The Life of a Klallam Girl Growing up on the Elwha River".
Smith continued to create written accounts of the Klallam's oral history and stories until shortly before her death in 2013.
Elwha River restoration.
Adeline Smith appeared in U.S. federal court in cases on behalf of her Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. Her efforts are credited with helping to win the 1974 Boldt court decision, which upheld the rights of the Lower Elwha and other tribes under past treaties to half the catch of a salmon run.
In 1992, Smith lobbied the United States Congress in the run-up to a vote to tear down dams along the Elwha River. She lived to see the removal of the dams, including the Elwha Dam, from the river beginning in September 2011, and the return of the first salmon to the river. The removal of one of the dams in 2012 drained Lake Aldwell, a man-made reservoir created in 1913, revealing the Klallam ceremonial creation site in July 2012. It had been submerged since the reservoir was filled.
She is featured in the film "Unconquering th Last Frontier" by , narrated by actor, Gary Farmer, and seen on Public Television. In the film, Adeline recalls her early years growing up along the Elwha River, and relates stories about the devastation of the fisheries there, and the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe's efforts to remove two industrial power dams and restore the river ecosystem.
Preservation of Tse-whit-zen.
Smith championed the preservation of Tse-whit-zen, a historic Lower Elwha village located at the base of Ediz Hook, which dates back to approximately 2,700 years. The site is the largest ancient Native American village discovered in Washington state to date. As a child, Smith had been warned by adults never to walk on or play on the site of Tse-whit-zen, which is considered sacred by the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe.
Smith campaigned against the construction of a drydock on the Port Angeles waterfront. It was intended to be used to build floating bridge pontoons for the Hood Canal Bridge replacement. The graving yard project, which was being constructed by the Washington state government, encountered the large village site of Tse-whit-zen, including its cemetery. More than three hundred bodies were exhumed and removed from the site before Washington Governor Gary Locke intervened and permanently halted the construction in December 2004.
The three hundred remains were reburied by the Lower Elwha. The state government turned over ownership of the area of Tse-whit-zen to the Lower Elwha Klallam.
Legacy.
Adeline Smith died from heart failure in Puyallup, Washington, on March 19, 2013, just four days after her 95th birthday. She was buried in Neah Bay Cemetery. She was predeceased by her first husband Roosevelt Suppah, their son Mark Suppah; and by her second husband Roy Smith, and their children Roy Smith Jr., and Patricia Smith Forbe.
With Smith's death, Hazel Sampson, 103 years old in March 2013, was left as the last living native speaker of the Klallam language. Smith was the last Klallam native speaker to teach her language on Washington's Olympic Peninsula. Smith had planned to make audio recordings of additional Klallam stories in the Spring of 2013.


Alexander Welsh

Alexander Welsh (April 29, 1933 – April 11, 2018) was an American philologist, the author of books including "Freud's Wishful Dream Book" (1994).
Born on April 29, 1933, Welsh served in the United States Army. He earned a doctorate from Harvard University, then taught at Yale University between 1960 and 1967. Welsh subsequently joined the University of Pittsburgh faculty and later the University of California Los Angeles, before returning to Yale in 1991, where he was named the Emily Sanford Professor of English. Welsh was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1969, and served as editor of "Nineteenth-Century Literature" between 1975 and 1981. He died on April 11, 2018, aged 84, survived by his partner, Ruth Yeazell, who also taught at Yale, and three children.


North White Carniolan dialect

The North White Carniolan dialect ("severnobelokranjsko narečje") is a Slovene dialect in the Lower Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in northern White Carniola north of the line from Kanižarica to Črnomelj. It includes the settlements of Semič and Metlika.
Phonological and morphological characteristics.
The North White Carniolan dialect lacks a pitch accent and underwent the third accentual retraction, which also applied to long syllables. Slovenian linguist Jože Toporišič states that there was no early mixing with Croatian in this dialect, and Croatian linguist Mijo Lončarić states that the dialect has a Croatian origin.


Spider behavior

Spider behavior refers to the range of behaviors and activities performed by spiders. Spiders are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other groups of organisms which is reflected in their large diversity of behavior.
Diet.
Almost all known spider species are predators, mostly preying on insects and on other spiders, although a few species also take vertebrates such as frogs, lizards, fish, and even birds and bats. Spiders' guts are too narrow to take solids, and they liquidize their food by flooding it with digestive enzymes and grinding it with the bases of their pedipalps, as they do not have true jaws.
Though most known spiders are almost exclusively carnivorous, a few species, primarily of jumping spiders, supplement their diet with plant matter such as sap, nectar, and pollen. However, most of these spiders still need a mostly carnivorous diet to survive, and lab studies have shown that they become unhealthy when fed only plants. One exception is a species of jumping spider called "Bagheera kiplingi", which is largely herbivorous, feeding mainly on the sugar rich Beltian bodies produced by acacia plants.
Capturing prey.
Many spiders, but not all, build webs. Other spiders use a wide variety of methods to capture prey.
Web: There are several recognised types of spider web
The net-casting spider weaves a small net which it attaches to its front legs. It then lurks in wait for potential prey and when such prey arrives, lunges forward to wrap its victim in the net, bite and paralyze it. Hence, this spider expends less energy catching prey than a primitive hunter and also avoids the energy loss of weaving a large orb web.
Bolas: Bolas spiders are unusual orb-weaver spiders that do not spin the webs. Instead, they hunt by using a sticky 'capture blob' of silk on the end of a line, known as a 'bolas'. By swinging the bolas at flying male moths or moth flies nearby, the spider may snag its prey rather like a fisherman snagging a fish on a hook. Because of this, they are also called angling or fishing spider. The prey is lured to the spider by the production of up to three pheromone analogues.
Hunting on land: Jumping spiders, Wolf spiders and many other types of spiders hunt freely. Some of these have enhanced eyesight, sometimes approaching that of a pigeon (although with a much smaller field of vision). They are generally robust and agile. Some are opportunistic hunters pouncing upon prey as they find it or even chasing it over short distances. Some will wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow.
Hunting on water: Dolomedes spiders hunt by waiting at the edge of a pool or stream. They hold on to the shore with their back legs while the rest of their body lies on the water, with legs stretched out. When they detect the ripples from prey, they run across the surface to subdue it using their foremost legs, which are tipped with small claws; like other spiders they then inject venom with their hollow jaws to kill and digest the prey. They mainly eat insects, but some larger species are able to catch small fish.
Female water spiders ("Argyroneta aquatica") build underwater "diving bell" webs which they fill with air and use for digesting prey, molting, mating and raising offspring. They live almost entirely within the bells, darting out to catch prey animals that touch the bell or the threads that anchor it.
Deception: Some spiders hunt other spiders using deception; the jumping spider "Portia" mimics the movement of captured insect prey on the webs of other spiders. This attracts the owner of the web whereupon Portia pounces and overwhelms the owner. The Australian crab spider ("Thomisus spectabilis") manipulates UV signals to attract bees to flowers in which they are hiding.
Trapdoor: Trapdoor spiders construct burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of soil, vegetation and silk. The trapdoor is difficult to see when it is closed because the plant and soil materials effectively camouflage it. The trapdoor is hinged on one side with silk. The spiders typically wait for prey while holding on to the underside of the door. Prey is captured when insects, other arthropods, or small vertebrates disturb the 'trip' lines the spider lays out around its trapdoor, alerting the spider to a meal within reach. The spider detects the prey by vibrations and, when it comes close enough, leaps out of its burrow to make the capture. Some "Conothele" species do not build a burrow, but construct a silken tube with trapdoor in bark crevices.
Basket: The Kaira spider uses a pheromone to attract moths and catches the insects with a basket formed from its legs.
Cannibalism.
Spiders perform cannibalism under a range of circumstances.
Females eating males: Perhaps the most widely known example of cannibalism in spiders is when females cannibalise males before, during or after copulation. For example, the male Australian redback spider ("Latrodectus hasselti") is killed by the female after he inserts his second palpus in the female's genital opening; in over 60% of matings, the female then eats the male. However, the theory of the "sacrificial male" may have become greater than the truth. Some believe that this form of cannibalism only occurs in exceptional cases.
Males eating females: Male water spiders ("Argyroneta aquatica") show a predilection for mating with larger females, while cannibalizing females smaller than themselves.
Sacrificial mothers: Offspring of the species "Stegodyphus lineatus" eat their mother. Females of "Segestria florentina" sometimes die while guarding her eggs and the hatched spiders later eat her.
Non-reproductive cannibalism: Some spiders, such as "Pholcus phalangioides", will prey on their own kind when food is scarce.
Reproduction.
Death feigning can be used in reproductive behavior of spiders. In the nursery web spider, the male sometimes feigns death to avoid getting eaten by females during mating.
Other arachnids may reproduce asexually or sexually. This is seeing as their class makes up 3% of the animal kingdom. Some species are famous for the fact that the female tends to eat the male following copulation. They behave by running around on trees and in bushes and in tightly packed areas so they stay distracted from the others around them.
Sociality.
Spiders exhibit varying levels of sociality. Whereas most spiders are solitary and even aggressive toward other members of their own species, some hundreds of species in several families show a tendency to live in groups, often referred to as colonies. These can form relatively long-lasting aggregations. Some of these aggregations can contain as many as 50,000 individuals as in the case of "Anelosimus eximius" (in the family Theridiidae). The level of sociality often varies between species (interspecies) but can vary within a species (intraspecies) as well. Many of these social spiders show cooperative brood care, use the same nest (web), and have some amount of generational overlap. A few species, such as "Anelosimus eximius", exhibit reproductive division of labor. Some biologists argue that this classifies these species as fully eusocial as these non-reproductives can be considered a non-sterile worker caste. This reproductive division of labor is a result of resource availability and monopolization of those resources.
Locomotion.
Jumping.
Although all arthropods use muscles attached to the inside of the exoskeleton to flex their limbs, spiders and a few other groups still use hydraulic pressure to extend them. Spiders can generate pressures up to eight times their resting level to extend their legs, and jumping spiders can jump up to 50 times their own length by suddenly increasing the blood pressure in the third or fourth pair of legs. Unlike smaller jumping spiders, though larger spiders use hydraulics to straighten their legs, they depend on their flexor muscles to generate the propulsive force for their jumps.
Ballooning.
Ballooning is a term used for the mechanical kiting spiders use to disperse through the air. A spider or spiderling after hatching will climb as high as it can. The spider then stands on raised legs with its abdomen pointed upwards. After that, it starts releasing several silk threads from its abdomen into the air, which automatically form a triangular shaped parachute. The spider can then let itself be carried away by updrafts of winds, where even the slightest of breeze will suffice.
Scientific studies.
Spiders have been used in studies which indicate that invertebrates may experience pain. Under natural conditions, orb-weaving spiders (Argiope spp.) undergo autotomy (self-amputation) if they are stung in a leg by wasps or bees. Under experimental conditions, when spiders were injected in the leg with bee or wasp venom, they shed this appendage. But if they are injected with only saline, they rarely autotomize the leg, indicating it is not the physical insult or the ingress of fluid "per se" that causes autotomy. Spiders injected with venom components which cause injected humans to report pain (serotonin, histamine, phospholipase A2 and melittin) autotomize the leg, but if the injections contain venom components which do not cause pain to humans, autotomy does not occur.


Denis Weaire

Denis Lawrence Weaire FRS (born 17 October 1942 in Dalhousie, Simla, India) is an Irish physicist and an emeritus professor of Trinity College Dublin (TCD).
Educated at the Belfast Royal Academy and Clare College, Cambridge, he held positions at University of California, University of Chicago, Harvard and Yale, ultimately holding professorships at Heriot-Watt, and University College Dublin before becoming, in 1984, Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at TCD.
Together with his graduate student Robert Phelan, Weaire came up with a counter-example to Lord Kelvin's conjecture on which surface was the most economical way to divide space into cells of equal size with the least surface area. This counter-example is now referred to as the Weaire–Phelan structure. This structure was an integral part of the design of the aquatic centre used in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.
In 1971, together with Michael Thorpe, he introduced the Weaire–Thorpe model for electronic structure calculations. This has found application in the theory of amorphous insulators.
Weaire is currently carrying out research in the field of foam physics. He has co-authored "The Physics of Foams", Oxford University Press (2000) with Stefan Hutzler, and "The Pursuit of Perfect Packing", IoP Press (2000) with Tomaso Aste. In this context he published several scientific articles on cylinder sphere packings.
In 2005, he was awarded the premier award of the Royal Irish Academy, the Cunningham Medal. Previous winners include William Rowan Hamilton.
In 2008, he won the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize.
Weaire has a strong interest in the history of science and has edited several collections of historical essays on Irish physicists.
Relationship to Ira Einhorn.
During the convicted murderer Ira Einhorn's time in Ireland, Weaire was his landlord. When Weaire found out about the accusations of murder that Einhorn faced in the U.S., he reported him to the FBI and evicted him. Weaire, and his relationship to Einhorn, was the subject of the 2004 TV show "Interpol Investigates" (episode entitled "Fatal Compulsion"). The part of 'Professor Dennis Weaire' was played by actor Robert Randolph Caton. He was previously depicted in the made-for-TV film "The Hunt for the Unicorn Killer", which featured Naomi Watts as Holly Maddux, Kevin Anderson as Einhorn, and Ian D. Clark as Weaire.


Dii languages

The Dii language is a dialect cluster in the Duru branch of Savanna languages. "Yag Dii" is the ethnonym.
"Ethnologue" lists "Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok" as dialects, and notes that Goom may be a separate language. Blench (2004) lists them all, as well as "Phaane", as separate languages, no closer to each other than they are to the other Dii languages, Duupa, Dugun (Panõ).
Writing System.
Nasalisation is indicated with a cedilla : ‹a̧, ȩ, ə̧, i̧, o̧, u̧› ; The vowels ‹ɨ, ɔ, ʉ› cannot be nasalized.
The tones are indicated by accents:


Mason Bates

Mason Wesley Bates (born January 23, 1977) is a Grammy award-winning American composer of symphonic music and DJ of electronic dance music. He is the first composer-in-residence of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and he has also been in residence with Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the San Francisco Symphony, the Pittsburgh Symphony, and the California Symphony. In addition to his notable works "Mothership", "Anthology of Fantastic Zoology", and "The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs", he composed the score to Gus Van Sant’s film "The Sea of Trees". In a 2018 survey of American orchestras, he was rated the second-most performed living composer.
Life.
Bates was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and raised in Richmond, Virginia and Newtown, Virginia where his family homestead and farm is located. He exhibited an early interest in creative writing at St. Christopher's School and received a letter from the Mayor of Munich in response to his poem "The Village of a Million People", written after a visit to the German city. His earliest choral compositions were conducted by his piano teacher Hope Armstrong Erb, and he studied composition with Dika Newlin, who was a student of Arnold Schoenberg.
During the summer of 1993 at Brevard Music Center, Bates’ music caught the attention of conductor Robert Moody, who subsequently commissioned his first symphonic work "Free Variations for Orchestra" for his orchestra in Evansville, Indiana. Bates subsequently attended the Columbia University-Juilliard School program and earned a Bachelor of Arts in English literature and Masters of Music in music composition. He studied music composition with John Corigliano, David Del Tredici, and Samuel Adler, while also studying playwriting with Arnold Weinstein.
In 2001, Bates relocated to the Bay Area and studied under Edmund Campion in the Center for New Music and Audio Technologies at the University of California, Berkeley and graduated in 2008 with a PhD in composition. He worked around that time as a DJ and techno artist under the name Masonic in clubs and lounges of San Francisco.. In that year, with conductor Benjamin Schwartz and visual designer Anne Patterson, he founded Mercury Soul, a San Francisco-based non-profit organization that mounts club shows combining classical music and DJ sets in clubs. He concurrently lived in Rome 2003-2004 as the recipient of The Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome as well as in Berlin in 2005 as recipient of the Berlin Prize from the American Academy in Berlin. He currently lives in the Burlingame, California.
Career.
Bates showed an early interest in bridging the worlds of electronic and symphonic music, premiering his "Concerto for Synthesizer" in 1999 with the Phoenix Symphony and subsequently performing it with the Atlanta Symphony. Robert Moody premiered that work in addition to "Rusty Air in Carolina". He gained national attention in 2007 with "Liquid Interface", a water symphony commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra under Leonard Slatkin, who premiered several works by Bates including "Violin Concerto" for Anne Akiko Meyers.
Bates has spoken about his symphonies as a revival of the narrative symphonies of the 19th century using 21st-century sounds, as exhibited by his 2018 symphony "Art of War". The piece “explores the drama of human conflict” using field recordings of mortar and artillery explosions made during two visits to Camp Pendleton, as well as recordings of the printing presses of the US Mint which appear in the work’s opening movement "'Money as a weapons system"'.
Some of his works do not include electronic sounds, such as "Resurrexit," which was commissioned by Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra in celebration of Manfred Honeck's 60th birthday. Honeck conducted its premiere in 2018.
A long partnership with the San Francisco Symphony began with the 2009 premiere of "The B-Sides" under Michael Tilson Thomas, who subsequently conducted several works by Bates with the YouTube Symphony. The latter premiered "Mothership" at the Sydney Opera House in 2011 to an online audience of two million, and the work has become one of the most-performed orchestral works by a living composer. Michael Tilson Thomas and the San Francisco Symphony recorded three Bates works during the Beethoven & Bates Festival of 2017, earning a Grammy nomination for Best Orchestral Performance. That same year also saw a nomination for Best Contemporary Classical Composition for his "Alternative Energy" for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, where Bates was named composer-in-residence from 2010-2015.
Film projects began in 2015 with the score for Gus Van Sant's film "The Sea of Trees", starring Matthew McConaughey, Naomi Watts and Ken Watanabe.
While gaining national prominence for his electro-acoustic symphonic music, Bates began experimenting with concert format in his curating projects in partnership with institutions such as the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Kennedy Center. Through his club show Mercury Soul, Bates became familiar with lighting, production, and staging techniques that create fluid, information-rich environments in social settings. With composer Anna Clyne, Bates expanded the Chicago Symphony’s MusicNOW series to include cinematic program notes, immersive production, and pre- and post-concert parties in partnership with the illmeasures DJ collective. After his residency with the CSO, Bates was named the first composer-in-residence of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., where he launched the new-music series "KC Jukebox". The series animates venues across the Center, pairing classical ensembles and composers with artists outside the field, such as Thievery Corporation and the composers Kyle Dixon and Michael Stein of the Netflix series "Stranger Things".
His first opera, "The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs", was premiered in 2017 by the Santa Fe Opera, which added a performance to accommodate the high demand after selling out all seven performances. General Director Charles MacKay announced that it was one of the best-selling new works in its history, and Santa Fe Opera’s recording on Pentatone Records went on to win the 2019 Grammy® for Best Opera Recording. Co-commissioners include San Francisco Opera, Seattle Opera, and Indiana University. The Libretto was written by Mark Campbell.
In 2018, the Metropolitan Opera announced the commission of "The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay", with music by Bates and libretto by Gene Scheer. The opera is based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel with the same name by Michel Chabon about a Jewish immigrant who writes comic books to earn enough money to save his family from the Holocaust.
In November 2019, Vulcan Productions announced details about "World’s Greatest Synth: The Making of the Orchestra" (later retitled "Philharmonia Fantastique: The Making of the Orchestra"), a 25-minute multimedia work integrating film, animation and pre-recorded sound with a live orchestra. It was co-commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and National Symphony Orchestra. The work is a collaboration between Bates and director and sound designer Gary Rydstrom of Lucasfilm and Skywalker Sound, as well as animator Jim Capobianco of Aerial Contrivance Workshop. "Philharmonia Fantastique" is a ‘guide to the orchestra’ with a script by Bates and Rydstrom (the director of the film), and an electro-acoustic symphonic score by Bates. It was set to be premiered by Chicago Symphony Orchestra with guest conductor Edwin Outwater in March 26-28 in 2020, marking the 100th-anniversary celebration of the 1919 founding of the CSO School and Family Matinee Concerts series by Frederick Stock, CSO’s second music director. However, the premiere was cancelled as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Its West Coast premiere in April 16-18 in the same year by the San Francisco Symphony was postponed for the same reason. The Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, and National Symphony Orchestra also plan to perform "Philharmonia Fantastique" in their 2020-21 season, after which it will be made available for rental as a 'film in concert' package.


No More Woof

"No More Woof" is an electronic device created by the Nordic Society for Invention and Discovery, to translate canine brainwaves, or "emotions", to English language. The basic idea is to record electroencephalographic data from the dog's brain, and connect the electroencephalograph to a software which converts to English, to allow the dog's master to "hear" his dog. From an outsider's perspective, it would seem that the dog's master hears the dog through a set of headphones "plugged" in the dog.
The device was funded on Indiegogo by the general public.


Benslow Music Trust

Benslow Music Trust is a charitable trust established to promote music education. The trust is based in the Benslow area of Hitchin in Hertfordshire, England, and primarily operates as an adult education college.
Under its trading name of Benslow Music, Benslow Music Trust operates a wide range of courses for instrumentalists and singers at all competency levels and also offers courses in music appreciation. Most are two- or three-day residential courses, but there are also day courses and longer summer schools. Courses in classical, early, jazz and folk music take place all through the year both at weekends and in midweek.
The trust also promotes its own International Concert Series, with concerts held at the trust headquarters throughout the year. The President until his death in March 2016 was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies. The current President is Judith Weir. Vice-Presidents include Steven Isserlis, Melvyn Tan and John Rutter.
The trust is the parent charity for the Benslow Music Instrument Loan Scheme which lends musical instruments to school and college students throughout the United Kingdom.


Florence Kimball

Florence Page Kimball (April 26, 1888 – November 24, 1977) was an American soprano who became a celebrated voice teacher at the Juilliard School where she taught for 46 years. She taught hundreds of students, and many of her pupils had successful performance careers. Her most famous student was soprano Leontyne Price. As a soprano Kimball was primarily active as a recitalist. In 1929 she performed Verdi arias in a touring vaudeville production.
Life and career.
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, Kimball was educated at a boarding school before going to Paris to study singing with Sarah Robinson‐Duff, the teacher of Mary Garden, and Frank King Clark. She later studied the piano with Mary Alport, Carlo Buonamici and Arthur Shepherd in the United States. During World War I she entertained American and French troops as a member of the YMCA's Over There League. While in France she was awarded the Ordre national du Mérite in 1917 for her volunteer musical service during the war. In 1919 she assisted in taking care of refugee children in Soissons, France.
In the 1920s, Kimball moved back to America to study singing with Marcella Sembrich at the Juilliard School in New York City. In 1927 Kimball replaced Sembrich at Juilliard when she retired. Kimball continued to teach at Juilliard until her retirement 45 years later in 1972. She had hundreds of voice students during her tenure; many of whom had successful careers, including: Annamary Dickey, Martha Flowers, Sung Sook Lee, Jean Madeira, Joyce Mathis, Mariquita Moll, Regina Sarfaty, Nigi Sato, Wilma Shakesneider and Veronica Tyler. Her most famous pupil was Leontyne Price whom she began teaching in 1949. Price developed an extremely close relationship to Kimball, and her teacher continued to work closely with her on preparing her roles for the Metropolitan Opera; even helping her select her costumes and think through stage movements in addition to working on the music material. In a 1983 interview, Price stated of her association with Florence Kimball: It was the most important relationship of my life. Like sex it was pure chemistry... She told me there was an innate quality of dignity in my voice, and that I moved like I sounded.
Kimball continued to perform periodically while teaching. She made her New York debut on December 3, 1925, at Aeolian Hall while studying with Sembrich. During her years as a teacher at Juilliard she also gave recitals at The Town Hall and made recital tours. In 1929 she starred in the Cal Levance Show, a vaudeville style production featuring multiple kinds of entertainments including Kimball performing Verdi arias, which started in Chicago and then toured to other cities including a stop at the Cincinnati Music Hall.
Kimball died at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers in Greenwich Village at the age of 87. She was a friend of composer Samuel Barber, who dedicated his choral work "To Be Sung on the Water" (1968) to her.


Michael Bergdahl

Michael Bergdahl is a (former) executive, author, and professional business speaker.
Background.
Bergdahl worked in Bentonville, Arkansas, for Wal-Mart, as the Director of People for the headquarters office, where he worked directly with Wal-Mart's founder Sam Walton. It was he who gave Bergdahl the nickname, "Bird Dawg". Previous to Wal-Mart he worked in the FMCG Industry for PepsiCo's Frito-Lay division in the sales organization and headquarters staff assignments.
Author.
Bergdahl's first book, "What I Learned from Sam Walton", is about the strategies of Wal-Mart, the world's largest company. His second book, "The ten rules of Sam Walton", is about the tactics of the world's richest man. His books were published by Wiley, and have been translated into Russian, Thai, Indonesian, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Vietnamese, and Spanish.


Koke language

Koke is an Adamawa language of Chad. Speakers are found in Daguela Canton, Chinguil Sub-prefecture, Guéra Region.


Luke Johnson Phone Experiment

The Luke Johnson Phone Experiment was started by 27-year-old Arizona resident Luke Johnson. On September 18, 2006, Luke posted a self-made video on YouTube inviting the world to call him on his cell phone. The stated purpose of the experiment is to see how many people will call someone they have never met.
Since the inception of the experiment, Luke has received calls from around the planet. As of October 11, 2020 he has an unknown number of telephone calls. Owing to the popularity of his experiment, Luke has been featured on CNN, NPR, BBC News 24, The Rachael Ray Show, The Today Show, the Art Fennell show, several local news channels, as well as a number of national and international newspapers, magazines, and radio stations. Luke has even been offered a role as pitchman for Cricket Communications, as well as other opportunities.


Bearer channel

A bearer channel is a DS-0 that carries call content i.e. one that does not carry signaling.
In the common-channel signaling scheme for telecommunications, signaling is sent out-of-band, while all other traffic rides bearer channels. When a call is set up, the Bearer Capability is negotiated, and this is used to determine what type of traffic is sent across the bearer channel.
Bearer channels are the most prevalent types of DS-0s in the Digital Transmission Hierarchies.
The most well known example of a bearer channel is the ISDN B channel.


Bells Are Ringing (musical)

Bells Are Ringing is a musical with a book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green and music by Jule Styne. The story revolves around Ella, who works at an answering service, and the characters that she meets there. The main character was based on Mary Printz, who worked for Green's answering service. Three of the show's tunes, "Long Before I Knew You", "Just in Time", and "The Party's Over", became popular standards.
Judy Holliday reprised her Broadway starring role in the 1960 film of the same name, also starring Dean Martin.
Productions.
The original Broadway production, directed by Jerome Robbins and choreographed by Robbins and Bob Fosse, opened on November 29, 1956 at the Shubert Theatre, where it ran for slightly more than two years before transferring to the Alvin Theatre, for a total run of 924 performances. It starred Judy Holliday as Ella and Sydney Chaplin as Jeff Moss. It also featured Jean Stapleton as Sue Summers, Eddie Lawrence as Sandor, George S. Irving, Jack Weston, Peter Gennaro, and Donna Sanders. Scenic and Costume design was by Raoul Pène Du Bois and the lighting design was by Peggy Clark. During her vacation, Holliday was replaced briefly by Betty Garrett. The original cast album was released by Columbia Records. In the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the same name, Holliday reprised her role as Ella.
The West End production opened on November 14, 1957 at the Coliseum, where it ran for 292 performances. The cast included Janet Blair as Ella Peterson, George Gaynes as Jeff Moss, Jean St. Clair as Sue Summers, Eddie Molloy as Sandor, and Allyn McLerie as Gwynne Smith.
The Australian production opened April 5, 1958 at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne. Produced by Garnet H. Carroll and starring Shani Wallis as Ella Peterson, Bruce Trent, Gábor Baraker & Kay Eklund. The production was not a financial success as did not tour.
A Mexican production opened in 1958 at the Teatro del Bosque in Mexico City. The cast included Silvia Pinal as Ella Peterson. Was the first musical comedy opened in Latin America.
The show was revised for a production at the Menzies Hotel in Sydney, Australia, opening March 19, 1968 and closing May 4, 1968. In order to cut the show down to 90 minutes, director Jon Ewing removed the song-writing dentist character, Dr Kitchell, and his song "The Midas Touch". Ewing wrote updated lyrics for "Drop That Name" and added "Better Than a Dream". The cast included Nancye Hayes as Ella Peterson, Doug Kingsman as Jeff Moss, Judith Roberts as Sue, Reg Gorman as Sandor, Rex McClenaghan as Francis, and Phil Jay as Inspector Barnes, with Peter Noble, Julie Haslehurst and Brian Tucker.
A Broadway revival, directed by Tina Landau and choreographed by Jeff Calhoun, opened on April 12, 2001 at the Plymouth Theatre where, struggling to overcome mediocre reviews and ongoing hostility between the show's producers and its cast and crew, it finally closed after 68 performances and 36 previews. The cast included Faith Prince as Ella, Marc Kudisch as Jeff, David Garrison, and Beth Fowler.
The Union Theatre in London staged a revival of "Bells Are Ringing" in late 2010, with leading lady Anna-Jane Casey in the role of Ella Peterson. The production was well-reviewed and sold out its brief run.
In November 2010, New York City Center's Encores! series produced a semi-staged concert of the show starring Kelli O'Hara, Will Chase, and Judy Kaye. Reviews for O'Hara were excellent, but critics felt the show itself was too dated for modern audiences. Ben Brantley in his "New York Times" review wrote: "Ms. O’Hara is the possessor of a liquid soprano that was made for the shimmering romantic confessions so essential to classic American musicals. Offering sincerity without saccharine, her voice seems to emerge almost involuntarily, as if she just couldn’t help acting on an irresistible urge. Though obviously highly trained, that voice brims with a conversational ease that makes you forget that singing is not usually the form we choose for confiding in others, even in this age of 'Glee'...This 1956 musical ... was revived on Broadway only nine years ago (with Faith Prince), and it seemed irretrievably dated then."
Porchlight Music Theatre presented "Bells Are Ringing" as a part of "Porchlight Revisits" in which they stage three forgotten musicals per year. It was in Chicago, Illinois in October 2014. It was directed by Michael Weber and Dina DiCostanzo and music directed by Linda Madonia.
Plot.
ACT ONE
Ella Peterson works for "Susanswerphone", a telephone answering service owned by a woman named Sue. She listens in on others' lives and adds some interest to her own humdrum existence by adopting different identities – and voices – for her clients. They include Blake Barton, an out-of-work Method actor, Dr. Kitchell, a dentist with musical yearnings but lacking talent, and playwright Jeff Moss, who is suffering from writer's block and with whom Ella has fallen in love, although she has never met him. Ella considers the relationships with these clients "perfect" because she can't see them and they can't see her ("It's a Perfect Relationship").
Jeff is writing a play called "The Midas Touch," the first play he's written since his writing partner left him ("Independent (On My Own)"). One day the producer of the play insists that he finish the play by the next morning and meet him at 9:00 am. While asking her to wake him up on time, he turns to Ella (who he only knows as the Susanswerphone lady) for help in writing the play. Meanwhile, Sandor, Sue's rich boyfriend, reveals plans to a group of gangsters to use Susanswerphone as a front for a gambling operation, by pretending to be a record seller and taking orders for "symphonies" as code. ("It's a Simple Little System").
Ella wants to visit Jeff's apartment to help him write the play, but she is intercepted by a policeman who is convinced that Susanswerphone is a front for an "escort service". Ella asks him "Is it a Crime?" to help someone in need? He agrees that it isn't, and lets her go. She arrives at Jeff's apartment and offers him help with his play, and a romance ensues ("I Met a Girl," "Long Before I Knew You").
ACT TWO
Ella is preparing to go to a party at Jeff's apartment, feeling nervous about meeting his friends. Carl, a friend of hers, helps her regain her confidence with a cha-cha dance ("Mu-Cha-Cha"). The guests at the party are all very pretentious and rich and snobby ("Drop That Name") and they make Ella feel very out of place. She leaves Jeff ("The Party's Over").
Carl, a music nerd, thwarts Sandor's operation when he receives an order for "Beethoven's 10th symphony," because he knows that Beethoven only wrote 9 symphonies. The policeman arrests Sandor. Meanwhile, Jeff comes to Susanswerphone to confess his love for Ella. She quits Susanswerphone in order to make a life with herself and Jeff ("I'm Going Back").
Song list.
"Note: "Better Than a Dream" was actually written during the Broadway run and later incorporated into the 1960 film."


Aspirational age

In advertising and marketing, aspirational age is an ideal age whose characteristics consumers aspire to embody. Thus, marketing messages aimed at that target age will resonate with consumers of other ages.
The aspirational age in Western society is the cusp between childhood and adulthood. In theory, consumers younger than this age aspire to the maturity and freedom it signifies, while those older than it seek to recapture the youthfulness and freedom from responsibility of this age. Thus, products pitched at notional young adults will appeal to a broader target market.
Ideology.
The aspirational age can be identified as the age of which consumers associate positive experiences with, such as freedom. For example, most adults are preoccupied with day-to-day responsibilities which can be viewed as stressful. Marketing to the aspirational age therefore, allows businesses to attract a generation of nostalgic consumers. The aspirational age as a tool is thus essentially modelled on the notion of nostalgia. From the adult's perspective, the psychology behind the 'aspirational age' can be defined as a recapture of youthful days. 'High-speed modern living, stress and the impact of recession' have all been considered as factors which influence a consumer's longing of their 'aspirational age'.
Evidence.
The aspirational age relies on a youth-obsessed culture, which is particularly associated with the Western World, specifically America. Crux Research states that the aspirational age in the form of adverts targeted to kids, essentially works as 'adults aspire backwards'. Thus utilising this emotional link allows marketers, if effective, to target a wider audience.
A study of 'Age Related Vicarious Nostalgia and Aesthetic Consumption' from the University of Wolverhampton concluded age as a phenomenon which is not 'totally bound to chronological time constraints'. In this sense, nostalgia 'has a bearing on the cognitive age of the individual', making it useful for businesses to market towards the aspiration age, in an attempt to trigger a pleasant cognitive response. The Harvard Business Review article on a study conducted by the Grenoble School of Management, states that 'nostalgic feelings increased people's willingness to pay for desired objects'. The article concludes that the psychology behind the aspirational age is 'useful to brands looking to elicit feelings of nostalgia in their promotions' . The article uses Subaru's 2012 'First Car Story' as an example, although the car does not target 16-year-olds, the campaign allows adults to create their own first car story through animation. The desired result, as the study suggests, is that when consumers think nostalgically, they spend more money.
Examples.
Examples of real-life businesses who appear to market towards the aspirational age include Urban Outfitters and Pepsi. An article by The Business Journals identifies how using technology, businesses market their products to the aspirational age. The aspirational age then becomes a tool for product development alongside marketing. The article cites Urban Outfitters' nostalgic marketing of introducing old famous brands i.e. Lisa Frank, Nickelodeon's '90 Are All That' time slots and Pepsi's 'Pepsi Throwback' as example of businesses which market towards the aspirational age. Thus the aspirational age as a tool, targets the particular age whilst simultaneously allowing the older generation to reflect on products or services they once loved.
Differences.
Generational Differences.
Differences between generations would however mean that marketing to the 'aspirational age' today might not necessarily attract older consumers, as their experiences of being younger would differ greatly. Social changes and technological advancements would have influenced different experiences thus different aspirations.
Industries.
Music.
Businesses can market to the aspirational age, yet this would vary depending on the industry. For example, music labels can build brand development according to their own 'aspirational ages'. Labels can identify the age of 32 as an aspirational age for example. How Music Builds Value identifies the 32-year-old lifestyle as a time which can 'supersede the elements of mass-market life'. The case study cites that the label (Smashburger) can create an 'aspirational experience' by targeting 32-year-olds due to being a 'magical age'.
Food.
Differences within a particular industry can also occur in terms of appropriate aspirational ages. An Integrated Approach to New Food Product Development recognises the aspirational age as '1–3 years older than the calendar age of the child'. This would depend on the product and who the manufacturer aims to target. If the business desires a wider target audience, the target age should be 'acceptable to the youngest age in the target'. The article recognises the aspirational age as the 'safe' choice as consumers would not 'reject a product that has a simpler flavour profile'.
Cultural Differences.
The aspirational age of the Western world would differ greatly. For example, to assume the aspired age (if accepted as within adolescence) would correspond universally could be stereotypical. Heavily influenced by societal laws such as marriageable age or legal drinking for example, differences in experiences would thus lead to different idealised aspirational ages between cultures.
Issues.
Stereotypes.
A report by Age UK recognised advertising aimed at the aspirational age rather than the biological age as 'stereotypical'. A study conducted by Age UK, led by Sandra Chalmers found that elderly people felt that their generation were 'completely ignored'. Thus under-representation of older consumers due to marketing towards an aspirational age can be risky. Ann Murray Chatterton examined 52 commercials to find 35% included someone who was above the age of 50, and 12% including someone above the age of 65 years. Consequently, older consumers are less represented in an attempt to capture the target audience.
Effectiveness and Future Use of the Aspirational Age.
Product Development.
The article Nostalgia: A Neuropsychiatric Understanding even suggests that product development using smell can induce 'nostalgic recall' and is thus an important 'marketing tool'. In this sense, the aspirational age can be embedded as a factor within product development.
Reversals.
Reversals of the aspirational age would differ as the child's aspirational age has risen 'whilst the adults has fallen'. Children at Play: An American History assessed the relationship between products and age within America to conclude that 'marketers who once sought to sell toys to fourteen year olds have lowered their age target to ten'. The aspirational age will continue to adapt as societal changes occur.
""An eleven year old no longer asks for a stuffed animal or a fire truck and instead desires a Madden NFL football game, a cell phone, an iPod, or a Beyonce Knowles CD, while a thirty-five-year-old may also indulge by buying a Madden football game, a cell phone, an iPod, or a Beyonce Knowles CD"."


Norman Myles Kroll

Norman Myles Kroll (6 April 1922, Tulsa, Oklahoma – 8 August 2004, La Jolla, California) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his pioneering work in QED.
Kroll received in 1942 his bachelor's degree from Columbia University after 2 years of study, having studied from 1938 to 1940 at Rice University in Houston. During WW II he did theoretical radar research (magnetron theory), during 1943–1945, at Columbia under the supervision of Willis Lamb and I. I. Rabi. In 1943 Kroll received his master's degree and in 1948 his PhD from Columbia University with Lamb as thesis advisor.
In the academic year 1948–1949 he was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study, where he, with Robert Karplus, calculated the QED two-loop contributions for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Kroll was, with Lamb, one of the first (including Victor Weisskopf and his student Bruce French) to calculate the relativistic Lamb shift (after Hans Bethe made a rough, non-relativistic estimate for it). This work was part of the pioneering efforts that led to the QED formalism developed by Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.
Kroll became at Columbia an assistant professor in 1949 and was promoted to associate professor and then full professor before leaving for UCSD.
In the academic year 1955–1956 he was a Sloan Fellow and a Guggenheim Fellow at the University of Rome. He was elected in 1974 to the National Academy of Sciences. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Among his doctoral students are Robert Mills and Eyvind Wichmann.
In 1960–1981 he was a member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group.
Upon his death, Kroll was survived by his wife, four children, and nine grandchildren.


Charles Hamilton (handwriting expert)

Charles Hamilton, Jr. (December 24, 1913December 11, 1996) was a paleographer, handwriting expert and author of historical works. He invented the term "philography" as another term for his profession. He is the author of a number of books on this topic. He was also an autograph dealer. He died in New York City at the age of 82.
Early life and studies.
Hamilton was born in Ludington, Michigan and grew up in Flint, Michigan, and then in Los Angeles. His father was in the lumber business. At the age of twelve he collected his first autograph, which was Rudyard Kipling's. Kipling was well known for refusing requests for autographs, but Hamilton, who had just read "The Jungle Book", included a dime for the return postage, and told Kipling that the dime was Hamilton's allowance for carrying out ashes from the furnace. He graduated from Beverly Hills High School, as the valedictorian of his class. He then received a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in English literature from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He was a voracious reader of literature and history.
Career and military.
In the 1930s he moved to New York City to work in publishing. He enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps in 1942, and during World War II, he won a bronze star and six battle stars. In 1945, after his service, he returned to New York City and began seriously dealing in autographs and manuscripts. He was called upon by the New York City police to consult in a number of notable cases, including the hunt for the Zodiac Killer. In a notable case, he called the so-called Hitler Diaries "patent and obvious forgeries". The British historian who was claiming them to be authentic eventually changed his mind and sided with Hamilton; the forger was unmasked and convicted in 1983.
He dealt with a great many historic documents. He once owned a note that Queen Isabella wrote regarding the jewels she sold to pay for Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World. He owned the first draft of the Bill of Rights, and a letter written by Jesse James but signed with his pseudonym, Thomas Howard. He owned another letter penned by Queen Victoria with advice for an unwed mother: "Let her wear a ring and no one need be the wiser". He is also credited with resolving a great number of questions regarding frauds and forgeries.
Methods.
In his book, "In Search of Shakespeare; A Reconnaissance into the Poet’s Life and Handwriting", Hamilton describes what is needed to be a professional handwriting expert: Knowledge of history and literature; as well as in watermarks, ink and paper; and above all in the handwriting of noted persons in all areas; as well as the ability to read difficult scripts, to accurately judge the authenticity of documents, and to recognize forgeries. According to Hamilton, accuracy is essential because a professional handwriting expert's opinions will often be tested in a court of law. Talent, Hamilton states, may be partly instinct, but it will also be the "result of decades of daily experience in the examination of old handwriting".
Shakespeare.
He is noted for his work in studying the handwriting and documents regarding William Shakespeare. In his book, "In Search of Shakespeare; A Reconnaissance into the Poet’s Life and Handwriting", he considers that Shakespeare's will was written in the playwright's own handwriting or "holographic". He also considers the handwritten evidence that three pages inserted into the play "Sir Thomas More", and the drafts of the applications for the Shakespeare coat-of-arms are also in Shakespeare's handwriting. Hamilton presents charts and examples that compare the handwriting in each document.
Hamilton has said that in his Shakespeare studies his essays and ideas all begin with his observations of handwriting. He has drawn some interest, and also has his critics. Gary Taylor has said that Hamilton is a considerable paleographer, but some of his views on Shakespeare are controversial and “too recent to have been subjected to thorough scholarly scrutiny.”
Hofmann forgery.
In 1983, Hamilton certified as genuine a letter purportedly by Joseph Smith that was forged by Mark Hofmann and sold to Gordon B. Hinckley, a member of the First Presidency of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (a.k.a. the Mormon church).
Books.
Among his 17 published books are:


EvaluNet

EvaluNet (Pty) Ltd is a South African-based developer of educational software headquartered in Cape Town. The company was founded in 1995 as "Interactive Learning Solutions" and changed name to EvaluNet in 1999. In September 1999, Naspers, a multinational JSE-listed media company, purchased a 49% share holding in EvaluNet. In 2002, the company founder and MD, Dereck Marnewick, purchased this share holding back from Naspers.
In 2003, the South African National Department of Education commissioned EvaluNet and four other local companies to form a national body representing educational vendors in their dealings with government and educational institutions. The organization is called the "Associated Distributors of Educational Supplies in Southern Africa" and currently represents 40 members.
Products.
In 1996, EvaluNet become the first company to introduce the concept of assessment and testing software to the South African school and business market. By September 2000, 300 South African schools were using EvaluNet's flagship software product "e-SCHOOL" to conduct paperless tests and examinations.
In 2005, "e-SCHOOL" was criticized for being too open-ended for most South African teachers that require more content-rich resources. The company has since revised its product offering and has released new titles under the Biblion, GetAhead, XT (the replacement to e-SCHOOL) and MathPRO brands.
EvaluNet has also had a role to play in developing online resources for teachers in South Africa, namely with its online publication "Teacher's Monthly" and its involvement in developing an online publication entitled "Teaching English Today" for the English Academy of Southern Africa - the only academy for the English language in the world.
Partnerships.
In 1997, EvaluNet was contracted by MWEB, one of South Africa's biggest Internet service providers, to develop MWEB School, which became South Africa's first online learning portal. This partnership remained until late 1999. In that same year, EvaluNet became the first South African educational software developer to engage in ecommerce to market products online.
In 2006, EvaluNet became a partner in the NEPAD E-School Programme initiative by way of the Oracle Consortium. This consortium comprised a total of fourteen companies, including the Oracle Corporation.
In September 2010, EvaluNet announced a partnership with Woolworths (South Africa) "MySchool MyPlanet MyVillage" corporate social investment initiative. This partnership saw EvaluNet software marketed via the MySchool initiative with a resulting contribution of income used to uplift schools in disadvantaged communities.
In 2011, EvaluNet announced a partnership with "EPA Technologies", a Jamaican-based educational software developer serving the Caribbean region. This partnership took EvaluNet products into the overseas market and formed a new direction for business development. This new venture is headed up by Adrian Marnewick who is the EvaluNet Business Development Manager and son of EvaluNet MD and founder Dereck Marnewick.


Ringing (telephony)

Ringing is a telecommunication signal that causes a bell or other device to alert a telephone subscriber to an incoming telephone call. Historically, this entailed sending a high-voltage alternating current over the telephone line to a customer station which contained an electromagnetic bell. It is therefore also commonly referred to as "power ringing", to distinguish it from another signal, audible ringing, or ringing tone, which is sent to the originating caller to indicate that the destination telephone is in fact ringing.
Specifications.
In landline telephones, bells or ringtones are rung by impressing a 60 to 105-volt RMS 20-Hertz sine wave across the tip and ring conductors of the subscriber line, in series with the (typically) −48 VDC loop supply. This signal is produced by a ringing generator at the central office.
When the switching system directs a call to a particular subscriber line, a relay on the line card connects the ringing generator to the subscriber line. The exchange also sends a ringing tone to the calling party. When the called party answers by taking the telephone handset off the switchhook, the subscriber's telephone draws direct current from the central office battery. This current is sensed by the line card and the ringing relay is de-energized.
Multi-party lines.
On multi-party lines, ringers would typically be connected from one side of the two-wire line to ground; a "tip party" and "ring party" would have bells connected from opposite sides of the line. On a two-party service, each user would not hear ringing for calls to the other party. Some 20th-century independent telephone companies deployed four-party lines which used differing frequencies for selective ringing of individual parties (the four possible combinations were 20Hz or 30Hz from tip to ground, 20Hz or 30Hz from ring to ground). If additional parties were added to the same line, distinctive ringing patterns would need to be used to identify the called subscriber; these were audible to the multiple users on the line.
Ringing generator.
A ring generator or ringing voltage generator is a device which outputs 20 cycle sinusoidal AC at up to 110 volts peak to power bells or annunciators in one or more telephone extensions. The output stops if a handset is taken off the hook.
In terminology devised by phone phreaks, a ringing generator is a magenta box. The device can be used to simulate an incoming call by applying the AC ringing signal voltage to a POTS line to make the telephones on that line ring. A magenta box in conjunction with an orange box (which emulates the caller ID signal to create falsified data) is called a vermilion box.
The hardware also has multiple legitimate applications. While a telephone exchange includes a central source of ringing voltage at the switchboard, a private branch exchange or telephone-based intercom must provide a local source of AC ringing voltage. Theatrical performances often deploy a ringing telephone on-stage as a stage prop. An analog telephone adapter for voice over IP applications has to provide its own ringing voltage generator and other line signaling services for standard telephone extensions. The hardware may also be useful to technicians for test purposes.
Stand-alone ringing voltage generators are commercially manufactured; ring generators are also pre-built for inclusion in other telecommunications equipment and various circuits published by hobbyists to generate or detect ringing voltage for analogue telephony.
A closed system, such as an intercom or private branch exchange, need not comply with standards for ringing if it does not use standards-compliant telephone extensions. Some office telephones replace the bells with separately-wired low-voltage DC buzzers or use entirely custom-designed extensions which only work with one manufacturer's switchboard. These avoid the need to generate 20Hz 90V sinusoidal AC, but are not compatible with standard telephone ringers.
Ring forward and ringback.
Ring forward is a brief signal of about 100 ms duration sent during an established connection on a trunk line between central offices by the calling operator to recall the operator at the receiving office. If the trunk line is not metallic, an equivalent on-hook condition is sent that is converted at the receiving trunk equipment to a recall signal.
In contrast to ring forward, the ringback signal is originated from the receiving or called end of a trunk line during an established connection, to recall the originating operator. The signal is also sent by a coin line operator to recall a customer at a pay station after the customer hangs up, for example to inform the customer of time and charges of the completed call.


Panel call indicator

Panel Call Indicator, or PCI, is a form of signalling used between two telephone offices. It was also originally called Relay Call Indicator (RCI).
Originally designed along with the panel type telephone office, PCI was intended to allow subscribers in fully automated exchanges to dial numbers in manual offices the same way they dialed numbers in their own exchange. For PCI to achieve its purpose, the panel office sent the requested number to the manual office, where the number was lit on an operator's display. The switchboard operator at a PCI-aware manual office reads the number from the call indicator display and completes the call in the usual way. As a format of interoffice signaling, PCI is one of multiple options retained for compatibility in the #5 Crossbar switch, a later system which served as the platform for the initial DTMF push-button telephone services.
In the British Director telephone system, Coded-Call Indicator working (CCI) filled a similar role, as it displayed dialed telephone numbers at the local manual exchange in a mixed (automatic and manual) linked-number area.
What is sent.
The usual seven-digit US telephone number consists of a three-digit office code and a four-digit line number within the given office. After a caller in a panel office dialed the office code, the sender looked up the type of the called office (panel, manual, etc.), and whether PCI was to be used. Then the sender found a trunk to the called office. Once a trunk had been found and the decision to use PCI had been made, the sender outpulsed the digits to the manual office where they were displayed for the operator.
Because the operator only needed the last four digits of the phone number to complete the call, the first three dialed digits were not sent to the manual office. However, for two reasons, PCI always sends five-digit numbers rather than four (and the caller may need to dial eight digits rather than seven).
The panel system was designed to work with manual offices of up to 10,500 lines. Callers dialed the office code followed by the line number within the office. For lines 10,000 and up, callers therefore dialed the office code and a five-digit line number. For offices with fewer than 10,000 lines, callers dialed four digits but PCI sends a leading 0.
Also, when the panel office was designed, many people used party lines. Party line numbers were listed with a J, M, R, or W following the line number. The caller dialed the office code, the line number, and the digit corresponding to the letter. Party letters replace the ten-thousands digit described above. That is, PCI sends the letter followed by the four-digit line number. So party letters and line numbers above 10,000 can't be used together.
In special cases, calls through a tandem office also used PCI signaling. This originated with manual operator tandems, and was later carried on to machine-based tandems as well. For this special tandem class, all seven dialed digits were sent to the distant office. In the case of a manual tandem, operators had a special seven segment display which displayed the entire telephone number. In later mechanical tandems, PCI was used because it was faster than revertive pulse signaling, and would thus allow for quicker call completion times.
PCI encoding.
Digits are sent in order from most to least significant. The party letter is sent first, since it replaces the ten-thousands digit.
Generally, each digit is sent as a group of four bits having the place values 1, 2, 4, and 5. This could be considered a form of biquinary code. The thousands digit is sent using binary-coded decimal, but with the 1 bit moved to the end of the group. Except for the 1 bit in the thousands digit, all bits are sent in order from least to most significant. An entire transmission uses twenty bits.
Looking at the transmission another way, it consists of twenty "time slots" which may be filled by DC pulses. The first and third pulse times in a group of four contain either a positive DC current or no current. The second and fourth pulse times in a group of four contain either a light (high resistance) negative DC pulse or a heavy (low resistance) negative DC pulse. The pattern of current flow (positive, negative, positive, negative) keeps the receiver synchronized with the sender. This pattern never varies so it contains no information. The existence of a current (in the first and third pulse times) or the resistance of the current (in the second and fourth times) carries the information.
In the below table, + represents a positive pulse, - represents a light negative pulse, and ▭ represents a heavy negative pulse. Note that the thousands digit (as transmitted) is coded differently than the hundreds, tens, and units digits.
Below, is a graph of PCI pulses transmitted from the Panel switch at the Museum of Communications in Seattle. The positive and negative pulses occur on physically separate leads, but are overlaid on the same graph for simplicity, so the values of the Y axis are not absolute. Indicated on the graph are the start and end of the transmission (bottom), and the actual digits being transmitted (top).
CCI encoding.
The Director telephone exchange was based on a store-and-forward handling of dialled numbers, originally with seven digit numbers. The director would receive all seven digits, use the first three to determine the destination exchange, then send the last four digits onward. For CCI working, the director would wait until the equipment at the destination was ready and then send each digit as a series of current pulses. Much like PCI signalling, each pulse had three possible levels (weak positive current, weak negative current, strong negative current) and a digit consisted of at most four pulses.


Daisy Fried

Daisy Fried (born 1967, Ithaca, New York) is an American poet.
Life.
Fried graduated from Swarthmore College in 1989.
Her work has appeared in The London Review of Books, "The Nation", "Poetry", "The New Republic", "American Poetry Review", "Antioch Review", "Threepenny Review", "Triquarterly".
She teaches creative writing in the Warren Wilson College MFA Program for Writers, and has taught creative writing as the Grace Hazard Conkling Poet-in-Residence at Smith College, at Haverford College, Bryn Mawr College, Villanova University, Temple University, University of Pennsylvania, the low-residency MFA program at Warren Wilson College and the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown. She has written prose about poetry for "Poetry", "The New York Times" and "The Threepenny Review" and has been a blogger for Harriet, the blog of the Poetry Foundation.
She lives with her husband, Jim Quinn, a writer (not the radio talk show host), and their daughter, in Philadelphia.
Works.
Books
Poems Online


Bridges Academy

Bridges Academy is a college prep school (Grades 4-12) serving twice-exceptional (or "2e") learners—students who are gifted but who also have learning differences such as Autism, AD/HD, executive functioning challenges, processing deficits, and mild dyslexia. The students are driven by creativity and intellectual curiosity. The Bridges educational model is strength-based and talent-development driven. Each student has an individual learning plan created to meet their diverse learning style, academic, creative and social/emotional needs. Stimulating core classes, abundant enrichment, small class size, extensive academic supports and a vital advisory and mentoring program are all part of the Bridges approach. The school is located in Studio City, Los Angeles, California.
History.
Bridges Academy started as a private tutorial for three students in the home of founder Carolyn McWilliams in 1994. Prior to the 1997-1998 school year, the school relocated to its former site on Burbank Boulevard in Sherman Oaks, California. During that time, annual enrollment was between 40 and 50 students per year.
In 1998, the school was granted non-profit corporation status, with a Board of Trustees and McWilliams continuing as the Head of School. In 2001, the Board of Trustees and Head of School dedicated the mission of the school to educating twice-exceptional students. McWilliams retired in the summer of 2003 and Charles "Chuck" Potts, the founding Head of the Wesley School in North Hollywood, California, was hired as interim Head of School. After a national search, Carl Sabatino, former Head of the Upper School of Lawrence Woodmere Academy in N.Y., was hired as Head of School in 2005. In 2008 enrollment had reached over 100 students; as of 2010 it had risen to over 150 students. Current enrollment is around 180.
Facilities.
In 2005, Bridges moved from its previous location in Sherman Oaks, California to its current location in a shared-use arrangement with Osaka Sangyo University (OSULA) Education Center. The campus is the former site of the all-girls Catholic Corvallis High School (California). It was purchased by OSULA in the late 1980s. Bridges continued absorbing more and more classroom and administrative space until finally purchasing the campus in 2011 at which time OSULA moved on to another location.
Curriculum.
The curriculum is strength-based and student-centered, driven by an understanding that "students thrive when the academic challenge is commensurate with their intellectual gifts", and a belief that "students' special needs can be met without diluting the curriculum." Gifts, passions, talents and interests are cultivated through stimulating core academic classes, a rich array of electives and enrichment clusters, project-driven Intersessions and a Young Experts Achievement program. The learning disabilities among the gifted and very gifted student population include: Autism, nonverbal learning differences, organizational challenges, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, audio and visual processing problems, and dysgraphia.
The program is accredited by the Western Association of Schools & Colleges (WASC) and the California Association of Independent Schools (CAIS). Bridges is a Member of the California Association of Independent Schools; the National Association of Independent Schools; and the Educational Records Bureau. The high school program meets or exceeds the university of California A-G requirements for high school graduation.
All students are required to have a laptop. The campus has a wireless network aside from hardwired classrooms and offices.
In sports, Bridges participates in the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) in basketball, cross country and track. Other sports and physical activities are part of the traditional fitness component of the curriculum.
In 2014, interest from multiple students led to the creation of a Speech and Debate Program where students compete in a range of different public speaking and debate events across a statewide and national level. As of 2016, the Bridges team is an active member school of the National Speech and Debate Association, and has qualified students to the CHSSA State Speech and Debate Championship Tournament and the NSDA's National Speech and Debate Tournament Finals in only two years of existence.
Since first graduation in 1996, graduates have been accepted at virtually all community colleges Valley College, Cal State and University of California schools, as well as some major universities and four-year colleges throughout the nation.
In 2007, two Bridges students received Honorable Mention Awards as part of the Smart Kids With Learning Disabilities organization's annual Youth Achievement Award program.
Parents' involvement is encouraged and supported via the Parents Association, online resources and forums, and on-campus events including support groups and a speaker series. The development office encourages 100% participation in the Annual Fund Plus Campaign with phone calls and emails.
Mascot.
In 2010, Academy Students voted on a new mascot. They chose the Phoenix out of many submitted designs. The mascot is used for athletic and fundraising purposes. All documentation and branding contain the official logo of the school, a bridge.


Penchal language

Penchal is an Oceanic language of Manus Province, Papua New Guinea.


Arthur L. Haywood III

Arthur L. Haywood is an American politician from Pennsylvania currently serving as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senator for the 4th district. Prior to being elected to the State Senate in the 2014 election, Haywood practiced law and served as a commissioner in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania.
Biography.
State Senator Art Haywood represents the fourth senate district in Pennsylvania which covers Chestnut Hill, Mt. Airy, Germantown, West Oak Lane, Cheltenham, Springfield, Jenkintown, Rockledge and Abington neighborhoods.  In the Capitol, since 2015, he has been leading legislation to increase retirement savings with a state management auto-IRA and increasing the use of clean energy by electric companies to 30% by 2030. He is a leading advocate for raising the minimum wage, negotiating and successfully advocating for increased wages for CVS employees in 2018.  He has also been a leading advocate for gun violence prevention since 2015, hosting the first Gun Violence Awareness Day in the Capitol and serving as a current member of Moms Demand Action.
In 2018, he led the passage of SB919 which provides emergency transfers to survivors of domestic and sexual violence who live in public housing, and a change to the PA School Code to require lead testing of water in public schools statewide or a public hearing.  Most recently, he worked with the Department of Aging to save taxpayers $2.4 million for the prescription drug program PACE over two years.
He initiated a Mentoring Collaborative with the Urban Affairs Coalition to expand mentoring organizations with youth and brought more than $18 million in state grants for employment and neighborhood improvement.  In the 4th District, Art and his staff have served more than 8,000 neighbors through constituent services and outreach events.
Art Haywood was raised by his mother, an educator who instilled within him hard work and the value of an education. He attended public schools and graduated from Morehouse College, the London School of Economics and Political Science as a Marshall Scholar, and the University of Michigan Law School. His legal career has concentrated on preserving and creating affordable housing and neighborhood revitalization.
Art has three adult children and resides in Wyncote with his wife, Julie Haywood. They have been married for 29 years.
Political views.
Public education.
According to the state Senator's campaign website, "low levels of state funding puts a greater burden on local taxes."
Minimum wage.
Haywood argued that "everyone who's able to work, should work, and receive a decent wage for that work. Without proper wages, parents are less able to provide for their children. Raising wages not only benefits families, businesses also benefit from greater consumer spending." Poverty pay must be ended in the Commonwealth. Every hardworking individual deserves a living wage and Senator Haywood has been fighting since his time in the state legislature to raise the minimum wage in PA.
Gun laws.
Also during the 2014 campaign, based upon the number of gun-related deaths in Pennsylvania from 2001 to 2010, he proposed "restricting access to guns. "


Arnold J. Mandell

Arnold J. Mandell is an American neuroscientist and psychiatrist. Born in 1934, in Chicago, Illinois, he received his B.A. from Stanford University in 1954 and his M.D. from Tulane University in 1958. Founding chairman in 1969 of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego,
 he was, at the time of his appointment, the youngest physician ever appointed as a chairman of a medical school psychiatry program in the U.S. An early biological psychiatrist, the department was the first in the U.S. to be biologically oriented. After leaving UCSD, he has been involved in studying the basic science and applied mathematics of brain activity and behavior.
He is the director of research of the Cielo Institute., a clinical professor of psychiatry at Emory University., a research professor of health and wellness at University of North Carolina, Asheville, professor of psychiatry at University of California, San Diego, visiting scientist at the Core MEG Lab at the National Institutes of Health, and a senior research associate at Scripps Research Institute.


Lizhen Ji

Lizhen Ji (Chinese: 季理真; born 1964), is a Chinese-American mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Biography.
April 1964, Ji was born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Ji graduated BS from Hangzhou University (previous and current Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou in 1984. From 1984 to 1985, Ji was a master student at the Department of Mathematics of Hangzhou University. Ji went to United States to continue his study in 1985, and in 1987 Ji obtained MS from the Department of Mathematics of the University of California, San Diego. In 1991, Ji obtained PhD from the Northeastern University (doctoral advisors: R. Mark Goresky and Shing-Tung Yau).
From 1991 to 1994, Ji was C.L.E. Moore instructor at the Department of Mathematics of MIT. From 1994 to 1995, Ji was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study School of Mathematics in Princeton, New Jersey. From 1995 to 1999, Ji was an assistant professor at the Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan (UM). From 1999 to 2005, Ji was an associate professor at the same department. In 2005, Ji was promoted to full professor at UM.
Awards.
From 1998 to 2001, Ji was an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow. Ji received the Silver Morningside Medal of Mathematics in 2007. Ji was a Simons Fellow in 2014.
Publications.
Besides academic papers, Ji has also published or co-written many influential books in mathematics, including:


Xander Bennett

Xander Bennett (born 16 February 1984) is an Australian screenwriter and author. He is a former Hollywood script reader, and a resident of Los Angeles. Bennett is best known for his laconic advice about the practice of screenwriting, shared daily in a blog called Screenwriting Tips... You Hack, and for a book of the same name.
Early life.
Bennett was born and grew up in Perth, Western Australia. He is the son of Martin and Rebecca Bennett, and the eldest of three boys.
He earned a Bachelor of Film and Television at Bond University in Queensland, Australia in 2004, then attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where he completed a Professional Program in Producing in 2009.
Career.
Bennett has written for television, videogames, role-playing games, and comics, and is the author of a graphic novel. He has written a series of blogs, culminating in the one which made him famous, "Screenwriting Tips... You Hack", on which he has published a screenwriting tip a day since June 2009.
He wrote educational comics for Pan Macmillan and worked on "Ghostees", a small browser game for BakedOn Entertainment, which hasn't been released yet. He has written tabletop RPG books for The Le Games ("Unorthodox Pirates"), Highmoon Media ("The Song of Roland"), and Dogsoul Publishing.
He lived in Vancouver during 2008, where he did some freelance journalism and copywriting, and worked as a quality assurance tester for Electronic Arts Vancouver.
In 2009 he moved to Los Angeles for a year to attend the UCLA Professional Program in Producing. While there he worked as a reader for a minor production company.
Bennett administers an online script reading service, Hack Notes.
He is managed by Madhouse Entertainment, Los Angeles.
Writing.
Blogs.
Bennett first published a blog called "Chained to the Keyboard" while he was living in Queensland, Australia. It ran from October 2005 to June 2006. That was followed by a blog called "Childish Things", which ran from 2007 to early 2009. Neither blog is now available online.
In Los Angeles, while working as a reader for a minor production company, and frustrated by the quality of the screenplays he was reading, Bennett started tweeting his complaints. Someone told him he should put them in a blog, so he moved to publishing "Screenwriting Tips... You Hack" as "a snarky diatribe," posting tips once a day on how to make spec scripts better. His first tip read:
Franklin Leonard invited Bennett to join The Black List in September 2011, and the entire "Screenwriting Tips... You Hack" blog migrated to that website.
On 21 May 2012, Bennett published Tip #1000:
Television.
Bennett's first job as a writer was on the Australian animated children's show FARMkids in 2005.
During 2010–2011, he worked under contract for Australia's Shine Television Studios. His work included post-production on Dating in the Dark, The Biggest Loser and Australia's Next Top Model.
Graphic novel.
In 2009, Xander Bennett and Melanie Cook published a graphic novel called "Cages". The publisher, Insomnia Publications, ceased trading in 2010 and the status of the novel is now uncertain.
Screenplays.
Bennett began writing screenplays in 2004, but has had none produced as yet.
In 2010 he developed "The Colour of Fear", a feature film, for Rising Swell Productions, a Melbourne based production company.
Screenwriting book.
In 2011, on the advice of William H. Akers, Xander Bennett published a book that took the wisdom of his "Screenwriting Tips... You Hack" blog and expanded it into "Screenwriting Tips, You Hack: 150 Practical Pointers for Becoming a Better Screenwriter". It contains "bite-sized chapters full of funny, insightful, usable advice". According to the publisher, it demonstrates "the differences between film and television structure, how to force yourself to write when youreallydon't want to, and why you probably shouldn't base your first spec script around an alien invasion."
Awards and honors.
Xander Bennett won The West Australian "Young Writer of the Year" award in 1999.
He was awarded the "Queensland New Filmmakers Award - Most Original Script" in 2010.
Publications.
978-0-240-81824-5
Personal life.
Bennett is married to Megan Lee Moran (2014-).


Patricia Cheng

Patricia Wenjie Cheng (born 1952) is a Chinese American psychologist. She is a leading researcher in cognitive psychology who works on human reasoning. She is best known for her psychological work on human understanding of causality. Her "power theory of the probabilistic contrast model," or power PC theory (1997) posits that people filter observations of events through a basic belief that causes have the power to generate (or prevent) their effects, thereby inferring specific cause-effect relations.
Biography.
Cheng was born in Hong Kong in 1952. She received her B.A. from Barnard College, and her PhD in Psychology from the University of Michigan in 1980. She then taught at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. After post-doctoral training in the Department of Computer Science at Carnegie-Mellon University, she joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles in 1986, where she is now a Professor of Psychology. Cheng received a fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation in 2000. She is also a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.


Margareta Svensson

Margareta Svensson Riggs (born Ulla Margareta Elisabeth Svensson; April 22, 1968 in Varberg) is a Swedish singer, pianist, songwriter, actress, voice teacher, vocal coach and television personality.
Early life.
Already as a 5-year-old, Svensson performed her first public performance at a Red Cross Christmas party, and soon thereafter she went with her mother, Inga-Lill Svensson, a registered nurse, to sing for the sick and elderly at the local hospital. With an extensive after-school music program and busy performing schedule, Svensson went on to study dance at Harvard University, and acting at Calle Flygare Teaterskola, Stockholm, Sweden, acting, musical theater, and film and television at Tisch School of the Arts, NYU.
Career.
At 18, Svensson boarded Portuguese cruise ship MS Funchal as a singer-pianist and a headliner, and from there on she performed throughout Sweden and Europe. While playing Gothia Towers in Gothenburg, Frank Sinatra was performing next-door at Scandinavium. After the concert the Sinatra band came to see Svensson. Sinatra-drummer, Gregg Field, liked Svensson's original music and invited her to come to Los Angeles to record.
As a singer-pianist Margareta Svensson has opened five casino resorts in Las Vegas. National, daily, Swedish newspaper Expressen wrote "Jackpot in Las Vegas". In 1999, Svensson opened Mandalay Bay alongside Bob Dylan and Luciano Pavarotti, The Venetian Las Vegas where she had her own act at La Scena, The Resort at Summerlin (now known as JW Marriott Las Vegas Resort and Spa,) in the year 2000 The Aladdin (now known as Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino) and in 2005 Steve Wynn recruited her to open Wynn Las Vegas. She has held engagements at numerous other Las Vegas casinos and resorts, including MGM Grand Las Vegas, Bellagio, The Mirage, Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, Monte Carlo Resort and Casino, Bally's Las Vegas and Encore Las Vegas.
Svensson has also performed and held resident engagements at among other places The Grand Hotel Stockholm, Sweden, The Dorchester, London, UK, The Beverly Hills Hotel Polo Lounge, The Beverly Wilshire Hotel, and Montage Beverly Hills where she was responsible for all music, and she has traveled the world both as a headliner as well as a piano-singer, and performed for many superstars, including Sir Paul McCartney, Whoopi Goldberg, Stevie Wonder, Chevy Chase, Michael Bolton, BB King, Sir Tom Jones and Kiss and world leaders like Margaret Thatcher, to name a few.
She continues to write, record and perform her original music.
"Svenska Hollywoodfruar".
Her extensive career as a singer-pianist and performer, led to a lead on the fifth season of "Svenska Hollywoodfruar" broadcast on TV3 Sweden. Season 5 had the highest ratings of the 13 seasons, (source MMS.se,) and season 5 is claimed to have saved the network at the time.
"Svenska Hollywoodfruar" features Svensson both as a singer, pianist, performer, songwriter and recording artist, as well as a vocal coach.
"The World's Best".
In 2019, Svensson Riggs was one of the 50 international expert judges on the new global talent competition series "The World's Best" from reality TV heavyweights Mark Burnett and Mike Darnell, on CBS. Headlining was James Corden as host, and Drew Barrymore, RuPaul and Faith Hill as American judges. "The Wall of the World" panel consisted of noteworthy names from all realms of entertainment. She is the first Swede to be featured as a judge on an American reality talent show.
Teaching and workshops.
Margareta Svensson Riggs' husband, Seth Riggs, has trained her not only as a singer, but also as a teacher to teach his technique, the patented and trademarked Speech Level Singing technique. Since 2013 on, the couple have deepened and expanded the Svensson Riggs vocal technique and together they conduct vocal workshops and master classes around the world, as well as teach private lessons where many of their clients are a Who's Who of legendary artists, such as Stevie Wonder, Michael Bolton, Brian Wilson and M.Shadows
Personal life.
Svensson Riggs is married to American vocal coach Seth Riggs, known for clients such as Michael Jackson, Barbra Streisand, Stevie Wonder, Madonna, Ray Charles, Earth, Wind & Fire, and Natalie Cole. The two met when Margareta Svensson came to Seth Riggs for singing lessons in the mid-1990s. In 2008, they became a couple and in 2012, they married and their daughter Samantha was born.
In 2013 Svensson read about Angelina Jolie having tested positive for BRCA1, a gene mutation that drastically increases the risk of ovarian- and breast cancer, and Joli's mother having died from ovarian cancer. Svensson's own mother, Inga-Lill Svensson, had also died from ovarian cancer, and Svensson asked to be tested for BRCA. Svensson tested positive for BRCA1 and while waiting for preventive surgery, an MRI revealed early stage breast cancer. Well and healthy, she shared her story in 2015 in hopes to pass on the gift of helping to yet others at risk.