Chris LaMont

Chris LaMont is an American professor, screenwriter, and independent filmmaker who co-founded the Phoenix Film Festival in 2000 and is currently the President of the Advisory Board for the non-profit Phoenix Film Foundation which he founded in 2000. He was also the 2-term Vice President of the Arizona Film and Media Coalition, a lobbying group that is working to bring back Arizona's Media Production Tax Incentives. He has produced and directed several independent films, including "Film Club", "My Apocalypse", "Netherbeast Incorporated", "The Graves", "Justice Served" and "Postmarked".
Early life.
Growing up in Phoenix, Arizona, LaMont graduated magna cum laude from Arizona State University. While there, he won an Emmy Award for Student Entertainment Production for the sketch comedy series, "TV or Not TV". He directed his first feature with Steve Bencich, "The Best Movie Ever Made" featuring Adam West. His next feature, "Writer’s Block", was released to video stores, and the horror-thriller earned critic and fan praise, including a 3½ star rating in the Blockbuster Video Guide.
Career.
In 2000, he directed and co-wrote "Film Club", a short film parody of David Fincher’s "Fight Club". It was included on the George Lucas in "Love DVD", one of the biggest short film compilation releases in history. The film was featured on "CNN Headline News" and MSNBC.com. Later, he directed the documentary feature "14 Days in America", and in 2006 he produced with Brian and Dean Ronalds the office-vampire comedy "Netherbeast Incorporated", which was released in North America on DVD in January 2009 by Illuminata Films.
In 2008, he also produced the animated logos for "R&D TV" for writer/director Jerry Hultsch that appear on the end of the Season 4 episodes of SyFy Channel's "Battlestar Galactica". His film "My Apocalypse" was a dark comedy/drama, which had its world premier at the 2008 Boston Underground Film Festival. It has also screened as an Official Selection at the Sydney Underground Film Festival, Strasbourg (France) International Film Festival, New Jersey Film Festival, Arizona International Film Festival, and the River's Edge Independent Film Festival during 2008.
In 2009 he produced the film "The Graves" for first-time feature filmmaker, writer-director Brian Pulido, with the Ronalds Brothers. Starring Claire Grant, Jillian Murray, Bill Mosely and Tony Todd, the supernatural suspense genre film follows two sisters who are captured in an old ghost town controlled by a religious zealot and his brainwashed clan. The film was released in 2010 by AfterDark Films as one of the "Horrorfest 2010: Eight Films To Die For".
In 2014, he produced the independent suspense-thriller Justice Served, with writer-director Marvin Young, starring Chase Coleman, Lochlyn Munro, Gail O' Grady and Lance Henriksen. In 2015 he produced the micro-budget feature "Postmarked" for writer-director Gene Ganssle.
In 2015, he started to focus on screenplay writing. He and his writing partner Joe Russo were named to the 2016 Young and Hungry List, the annual listing of the Top 100 New Screenwriters in Hollywood from The Tracking Board. Their feature screenplay "Road Rage" was a finalist in the largest screenplay competition in the world, the annual Final Draft Big Break Contest. Their screenplay, "Soul Mates", was named to The Blood List as one of the Top 13 unproduced genre films in Hollywood and to The Hit List as one of the Top Unproduced Screenplays in Hollywood. Their horror action film "The Red Pill" was named to the 2017 Blood List and their horror screenplay "The Last Will and Testament of Charles Abernathy" was named on the 2018 Blood List. They are the first screenwriters to have been named to the list three times in a row.
2019 saw their script "The Au Pair Nightmare" filmed in New Mexico with Joe Russo directing. The film premiered on the Lifetime Network with over 600,000 viewers and was the #2 original movie of the night. In Spring 2020, the pair's action-thriller "Hard Kill" starring Bruce Willis and Jesse Metcalf was directed by Matt Eskardi and shot in Cincinnati. The film is being released from Vertical Entertainment on August 28, 2020 theatrically and on VOD.
Organization work.
In 2000, LaMont co-founded the Phoenix Film Festival, which had over 23,000 attendees in 2013. In past years, actors and directors including Tom Arnold, Kevin Bacon, Alan Cumming, Laurence Fishburne, Peter Fonda, Robert Forster, John Landis, Kyra Sedgwick, Jane Seymour, and John Waters have appeared. He is the Executive Director of the festival, and president of the non-profit Phoenix Film Foundation, which he also co-founded. In 2002, he started the Phoenix Film Project, an independent filmmaker community group, which has officially changed to IFP-Phoenix, and started the Phoenix Film Society in 2004.
With comic book writer Brian Pulido, he co-founded and is the Executive Director of the International Horror and Sci-Fi Film Festival. The festival attracted over 4,000 attendees in 2006 and has featured such celebrities as Mick Garris, Tobe Hooper, "Nightmare on Elm Street"'s Heather Langenkamp, and "Star Wars"’ Chewbacca Peter Mayhew. In 2007, he founded the Arizona Student Film Festival to encourage young statewide filmmakers. In 2011, the International Horror and Sci-Fi Film Festival became the late night programming arm of the Phoenix Film Festival.
Teaching.
LaMont has taught at Arizona State University since 2004 in the ASU New American Film School - such courses as Film: The Creative Process, Intermediate Screenwriting, Producing for Film & Media, Careers in Media Industry and created two popular online classes: Great Comedy Films and Alfred Hitchcock.
Controversy.
LaMont allegedly stole a priceless collection of 70mm film from a childhood friend.


Edet Belzberg

Edet Belzberg is a documentary filmmaker. She won a 2005 MacArthur Fellowship.
Biography.
Belzberg received a B.A. in 1991 from the University of Colorado, Boulder and an M.A. in 1997 from the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.
She received the Columbia University School of Journalism's John M. Patterson Enterprise Award in 1997 for her documentary short "A Master Violinist", about a Chinese political refugee.
With assistance from the Soros Documentary Fund (now the Sundance Documentary Fund), Belzberg made her first feature film "Children Underground", a documentary about five homeless street children who lived in a subway system. The film won the Special Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival (2001), and received the Best Documentary Film Award from the International Documentary Association (2001). "Children Underground" was also nominated for a 2001 Academy Award and was one of the first recipients of the IFP Anthony Radziwill Documentary Prize. Afterwards, Belzberg and her crew returned a year later to find that the police who swept off the Victoriei has dispersed the children who were featured in the film. Some of them landed in state-funded homes, while others simply moved on to one of the many abandoned construction sites that dot the city.
Her 2005 documentary "Gymnast" studied three American female gymnasts preparing for the Olympic Games.
In 2005, she received the MacArthur "Genius" award. She lives in New York City, where she has been a frequent guest lecturer on urban reporting and documentary filmmaking at the Columbia School of Journalism, and has also taught at NYU.
Belzberg's 2008 documentary, "The Recruiter" (originally titled "An American Soldier"), premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. It portrays a top U.S. army recruiter and his relationship with four of his recruits as they complete high school and go through basic training.
In 2014 she directed "Watchers of the Sky". The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2014 in the U.S. Documentary Competition. It won the U.S. Documentary Editing Award and the U.S. Documentary Special Jury Award for Achievement for Use of Animation. It went on to win the Jonathan Daniels Award at the Monadnock International Film Festival, and the Ostrovsky Award for Best Documentary Film at the Jerusalem Film Festival.
After its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, Music Box Films acquired the US distribution rights.


Leonid Levin

Leonid Anatolievich Levin ( ; ; ; born November 2, 1948) is a Soviet-American mathematician and computer scientist.
He is known for his work in randomness in computing, algorithmic complexity and intractability, average-case complexity, foundations of mathematics and computer science, algorithmic probability, theory of computation, and information theory. He obtained his master's degree at Moscow University in 1970 where he studied under Andrey Kolmogorov and completed the Candidate Degree academic requirements in 1972.
He and Stephen Cook independently discovered the existence of NP-complete problems. This NP-completeness theorem, often called the Cook–Levin theorem, was a basis for one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems declared by the Clay Mathematics Institute with a $1,000,000 prize offered. The Cook–Levin theorem was a breakthrough in computer science and an important step in the development of the theory of computational complexity.
Levin was awarded the Knuth Prize in 2012 for his discovery of NP-completeness and the development of average-case complexity. His life is described in a chapter of the book "Out of Their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great Computer Scientists".
Biography.
He obtained his master's degree at Moscow University in 1970 where he studied under Andrey Kolmogorov and completed the Candidate Degree academic requirements in 1972. After researching in algorithmic problems of information theory at the Moscow Institute of Information Transmission of the National Academy of Sciences in 1972-1973, and a position as Senior Research Scientist at the Moscow National Research Institute of Integrated Automation for the Oil/Gas Industry in 1973–1977, he emigrated to the U.S. in 1978 and also earned a Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1979. His advisor at MIT was Albert R. Meyer.
He is well known for his work in randomness in computing, algorithmic complexity and intractability, average-case complexity, foundations of mathematics and computer science, algorithmic probability, theory of computation, and information theory.
His life is described in a chapter of the book "Out of Their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great Computer Scientists".
Levin and Stephen Cook independently discovered the existence of NP-complete problems. This NP-completeness theorem, often called the Cook–Levin theorem, was a basis for one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems declared by the Clay Mathematics Institute with a $1,000,000 prize offered. The Cook–Levin theorem was a breakthrough in computer science and an important step in the development of the theory of computational complexity. Levin's journal article on this theorem was published in 1973; he had lectured on the ideas in it for some years before that time (see Trakhtenbrot's survey), though complete formal writing of the results took place after Cook's publication.
Levin was awarded the Knuth Prize in 2012 for his discovery of NP-completeness and the development of average-case complexity.
He is currently a professor of computer science at Boston University, where he began teaching in 1980.


Henri Lichtenberger

Henri Lichtenberger (12 March 1864, Mulhouse – 4 November 1941, Biarritz) was a French academic who specialized in German literature.
Biography.
In 1885 he received his agrégation in German studies at Paris, and two years later, began work as a lecturer at the University of Nancy. In 1891 he became a full professor of foreign literature at Nancy, and in 1905 returned to Paris, where he served as a professor of German language and literature. In 1914-15 he was a visiting professor of comparative literature at Harvard University.


Deirdre Wilson

Deirdre Susan Moir Wilson, FBA (born 1941) is a British linguist and cognitive scientist. She is emeritus professor of Linguistics at University College London and research professor at the Centre for the Study of Mind in Nature at the University of Oslo. Her most influential work has been in linguistic pragmatics—specifically in the development of Relevance Theory with French anthropologist Dan Sperber. This work has been especially influential in the Philosophy of Language. Important influences on Wilson are Noam Chomsky, Jerry Fodor, and Paul Grice. Linguists and philosophers of language who have been students of Wilson include Stephen Neale (CUNY Graduate Center), and Robyn Carston (University College London).
Biography.
Wilson completed her Bachelor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford while working with philosopher H. P. Grice. She completed her PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with linguist Noam Chomsky as her dissertation advisor. She was a lecturer at Somerville College, Oxford.
Work.
Wilson's work is in linguistic pragmatics. Pragmatics is the study of how contextual factors interact with linguistic meaning in the interpretation of utterances. Her 1975 book "Presuppositions and Non-Truth-Conditional Semantics" advocated a pragmatic approach to presuppositions. In her longstanding collaboration with French Anthropologist Dan Sperber she has published many books and articles over 30 years. Their 1986 book "Relevance: Communication and Cognition" laid the foundation for Relevance Theory which they have continued to develop in subsequent books and articles.
Relevance Theory is, roughly, the theory that the aim of an interpreter is to find an interpretation of the speaker's meaning that satisfies the presumption of optimal relevance. An input is relevant to an individual when it connects with available contextual assumptions to yield positive cognitive effects.
Publications.
Novel
Academic Books
Academic Articles


Outreach Calling Inc

Outreach Calling Inc is a for-profit fundraiser which was incorporated in 2009. It is headquartered in New Jersey and offices in the United States and Canada with a virtual office in Reno, Nevada. The firm’s telemarketers solicit funds on behalf of not-for-profit charities. In 2012 they raised $21,332,659. Of that $20,227,761 was retained by the charities.
The firm's chief executive officer, Frank Delvmine, is also the CEO of a fundraising consulting company named Myers-Squibler and he has been permanently prohibited from using third-party fundraisers or fundraising in the state of New York.
According to filings from the Federal Election Commission filings, Outreach Calling retained $2 thousand from the Put Vets First! PAC which represents 1 percent of the $2.3 million in donations the Put Vets First! has received. Put Vets First! PAC was shut down in July 2019.
Background.
All-Pro Telemarketing Associates.
In 1989, Frank Delvmine launched All-Pro Telemarketing Associates in New Jersey.
Contracts.
Their standard contract gives Outreach Calling up to 90% of donations. In 2012 they raised $21,332,659. Of that $20,227,761 was retained by their clients. In July 2017 the Saint Louis, Missouri Better Business Bureau (BBB) published a caution to consumers in their decision to donate to Hampton's Center. BBB reported that only 1% of all donations collected by the Center for American Homeless Veterans' two main fundraisers actually go to the Center for American Homeless Veterans. Furthermore, the BBB reported that over a two-year period from 2014 to 2016 the two major fundraisers used by the center, Reno, Nevada-based Outreach Calling and Phoenix, Arizona-based Midwest Publishing, had collected almost $USD 5 million. Of that amount approximately $508,000 was retained by the Center for American Homeless Veterans and almost all of that was used to "pay salaries, legal fees and office-related expenses." One person who was scammed into donating to the for-profit fundraiser noticed that her bank account "...showed that the check had been cashed, but there was no name as to who got the [money]. No one endorsed it. There was no name shown on the account, just an account number and routing number."
Charities that use Outreach Calling Inc.
In December 2017 the Center for Public Integrity listed charities in Utah assigned an F rating in Utah by CharityWatch: Center for American Homeless Veterans (F); Childhood Leukemia Foundation F, Defeat Diabetes Foundation (F), Healing Heroes Network (F), International Union of Police Associations (F), Kids Wish Network (F), Law Enforcement Officers Relief Fund (F), National Vietnam Veterans Foundation (F), Reserve Police Officers Association (F), The Committee for Missing Children (F), and United Cancer Support Foundation (F).
Their charity clients include American Alliance For Disabled Veterans, Inc., American Association For Cancer Support, Inc., American Foundation For Disabled Children, Inc., AMVETS (American Veterans), Cancer Fund Of America, Inc., Center For American Homeless Veterans, Inc., Child Watch of North America, Childhood Leukemia Foundation, Inc., Committee for Missing Children, Inc., The Defeat Diabetes Disabled Police Officers Counseling Center, Inc., Disabled Police Officers Of an International Union of Police Associations, AFL-CIO (contract since 2010 through Megan Parker), Law Enforcement Officers Relief Fund National Vietnam Veterans Foundation, Inc., Optimal Medical Foundation, Inc., Reserve Police Officers Association, United Breast Cancer Research Society, Inc., Veterans Assistance Foundation, Inc., and Woman To Woman Breast Cancer Foundation, Inc.
Breast Cancer Survivors Foundation (BCSF).
As part of New York Attorney General's "Operation Bottomfeeder" Breast Cancer Survivors Foundation, Inc., (BCSF) was shutdown in June 2017. AG Eric Schneiderman explained that "too often these shell charities exploit popular causes to enrich professional fundraisers. I’m committed to using the full power of my office to stop those who take advantage of people’s generosity to make a quick buck.” In a June 16, 2017 press release, he "announced a settlement with the Breast Cancer Survivors Foundation, Inc., (“BCSF”), and its president and founder Dr. Yulius Poplyansky. For years, BCSF and its fundraisers painted the picture of an organization that was providing medical services to breast cancer patients and those at risk of breast cancer. Instead, as the Attorney General’s investigation found, BCSF was a shell charity created and run by its primary outside fundraiser, Frank Delvmine, in order to line the pockets of Frank Delvmine, his companies, and his business associates – who pocketed 92 cents of every dollar donated to BCSF. As part of the settlement, BCSF will shut down its operations nationwide and pay nearly $350,000, which will be directed to legitimate breast cancer organizations."
In June 2017 "NBC 5 Responds" reported that more than 90 percent of the money donated to the Breast Cancer Survivors Foundation (BCSF) "was funneled to Frank Delvmine, its outside fundraiser, as well as Frank Delvmine other companies and business associates." The New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman called the BCSF a big "sham." Dr. Yulius Poplyansky, the president and founder of Breast Cancer Survivors Foundation (BCSF) said, "I now understand that I had no idea what was going on in my own foundation and that my desire to help people was taken advantage of by people that just wanted to make money off this very serious cause."
Circle of Friends for American Veterans (COFAV).
In 2007 Brian Arthur Hampton, the co-founder of a 501(c)(3) nonprofit charity, Circle of Friends for American Veterans (COFAV), hired Outreach Calling. (also known as "American Homeless Veterans") which was co-founded in 1993 in Falls Church, Virginia by Brian Arthur Hampton as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit charity. It is a non-profit advocacy organization that supports" veterans. . He also founded "American Homeless Veterans" and the Center for American Homeless Veterans—also known as the "Association for Homeless and Disabled Veterans".
Reviews.
COFAV received an F rating from CharityWatch in 2016, a consumer warning from the Saint Louis, MissouriBetter Business Bureau (BBB) in July 2017 and was the subject of a Center for Public Integrity (CPI) report in December 2017. COFAV contracts with professional fundraisers who work through telemarketers such as Midwest Publishing, and until 2014, Company Civic Development Group (CDG). In July 2017 the Saint Louis, Missouri Better Business Bureau (BBB) published a caution to consumers in their decision to donate to Hampton's Center. BBB reported that only 10% of all donations collected by the Center for American Homeless Veterans' two main fundraisers actually go to the Center for American Homeless Veterans. Furthermore, the BBB reported that over a two-year period from 2014 to 2016 the two major fundraisers used by the center, Reno, Nevada-based Outreach Calling and Phoenix, Arizona-based Midwest Publishing, had collected almost $USD 5 million. Of that amount approximately $508,000 was retained by the Center for American Homeless Veterans and almost all of that was used to "pay salaries, legal fees and office-related expenses."
In 2016, CharityWatch gave COFAV an F assessment on a scale of A+ to F as it did not meet transparency or governance standards, for example the COFAC had fewer than five voting members. As well, for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2015, only 11% of their calculated total expenses (c. $1,600,000) were spent on programs with 89% spent on overhead. During the same period, of the c. $1,500,000 of calculated total contributions it cost $89 in fundraising, to raise $100 in contributions.
In a 2014 article in which telemarketing company Civic Development Group (CDG) was ordered to pay "$18.8 million, the largest penalty ever handed down in a consumer protection case" by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), COFAV, Paralyzed Veterans Association, and Disabled Veterans Association were listed on the F rated charities for which CDG fundraised.
Reserve Police Officers Association Outreach.
Reserve Police Officers Association Outreach. Operation False Charity, which "includes local and national enforcement actions and outreach initiatives" to police "those who claim to be raising money for cops, firefighters and veterans but aren’t being honest...calling them at lawless "badge charities." Washington "state officials joined the Federal Trade Commission, state enforcement agencies and AARP Washington in announcing a nationwide crackdown on fraudulent charitable solicitors claiming to help police, firefighters and veterans." "Community Support, Inc., solicits funds from consumers in nearly every state on behalf of more than 35 charities. The states accused the company of suggesting more money would go to the charity or be spent locally, that its callers were law enforcement officers or veterans and that individuals had made pledges. The company was also blamed for making harassing calls. According to records at the Washington Secretary of State’s Office, Community Support returned 12 percent of its total contributions to charity clients in 2008. Community Support did not admit any wrongdoing but agreed to pay $200,000 to the states to cover the costs of the investigation and lawsuit; Washington’s share is $8,000. The settlement requires penalties if the company fails to comply with the terms. Washington’s version of the settlement and complaint will be filed in King County Superior Court."
Regulatory bodies.
Operation False Charity, which "includes local and national enforcement actions and outreach initiatives" to police "those who claim to be raising money for cops, firefighters and veterans but aren’t being honest...calling them at lawless "badge charities." Washington "state officials joined the Federal Trade Commission, state enforcement agencies and AARP Washington in announcing a nationwide crackdown on fraudulent charitable solicitors claiming to help police, firefighters and veterans."
In the November 12, 1998 "Operation Missed Giving" the FTC worked with the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG), the National Association of State Charity Officials (NASCO), and the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) with assistance from the National Sheriff’s Association, the BBB Wise Giving Alliance, and the Philanthropic Advisory Service of the Better Business Bureau. At that time it was soliciting for such nonprofit clients as the American Deputy Sheriffs’ Association (ADSA), Foundation for Disabled Firefighters (FDF), National Association of Veteran Police Officers (NAVPO), Regular American Veterans (RAV), Handicapped Children's’ Services of America (HCSA), and Adolescent Aids Foundation (AAF). The FTC did not "allege any wrongdoing on the part of these NACS'.
A Federal Trade Commission (FTC)/NASCO conference was held in March 21, 2017, targeting charity fraud, ranging from badge-related fraud 1997 in the "Operation Missed Giving" sweep to telemarketing. These agencies "routinely bring action against for profit fundraisers, as well as action against for profit fundraisers violating do not call provisions of the Telemarketing Sales Rule."
Political fundraising.
In a July 8, 2019 Center for Public Integrity article about ongoing investigations of Brian Arthur Hampton and his nonprofits, that he operated out of his Falls Church office, such as the Put Vets First! PAC (2010-)—investigative journalist Sarah Kleiner said that after Hampton "started contracting with Outreach Calling, a controversial telemarketer, in October 2015...the PAC started reporting significant contributions and expenses." According to the Center for Public Integrity, by January 2018, Outreach Calling Inc "which keeps most of the $$ it raises for its charity group clients, is expanding into the lightly regulated world of political fundraising." According to a January 5, 2018 article CPI investigative journalist which was based on Federal Election Commission and Internal Revenue Service documents, Hampton through Outreach had expanded his operations "into the largely unregulated world of political fundraising" by sponsoring a veterans-focused PAC political action committee that's using the same money-generating tactics as his nonprofit groups". According to Kleiner, it is legal for telemarketer Outreach Calling to keep 90 percent of the money it raises for charities and/or political action groups as long as the donors are told this will happen. Kleiner wrote that has contracted with Outreach Calling raised funds for about a dozen charities. New York regulators shut down two of these charities and scandals related to spending, surrounded other veterans' organizations, including the Wounded Warrior Project, scandals surrounding their spending. In July 2019, Hampton’s Put Vets First! PAC filed a termination report with the Federal Election Commission.
Outreach Calling collected $2 million from the Put Vets First! PAC which represents 89 percent of the $2.3 million in donations the Put Vets First! has received, according to filings from the Federal Election Commission filings. More than $4.8 million was raised by Put Vets First! PAC over its lifetime. According to the Federal Election Commission disclosures, "[t]elemarketers kept $4.4 million of that, and Hampton earned about $183,500...Most of the rest went to pay the PAC’s other employees and consultants, bank and legal fees and rent."


Tina Davidson

Tina Davidson (born 30 December 1952) is an American composer.
Background.
Davidson was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1952, and was raised in Oneonta, New York and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She received her BA in piano and composition from Bennington College in 1976 where she studied with Henry Brant, Louis Calabro, Vivian Fine and Lionel Nowak.
She founded the Philadelphia Chapter of the American Composers Forum and served as its director from 1999–2001. She was president of the New Music Alliance, a national organization, which has been responsible for the New Music America Festivals. She organized a nationwide festival entitled "New Music Across America," which ran in 18 cities in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. In 1992 she wrote a widely circulated article on women in music for Ms Magazine. She was a South Central PaARTners' Arts in Education Fellow.
She lives in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
Career.
Over her forty-year career, Davidson has been commissioned by well-known ensembles such as National Symphony Orchestra, OperaDelaware, Roanoke Symphony, Orchestra Society of Philadelphia, VocalEssence, Kronos Quartet, Mendelssohn String Quartet, Cassatt Quartet, and public television (WHYY-TV). Her music has been widely performed by many orchestras and ensembles, including The Philadelphia Orchestra, American Composers Orchestra, St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, Musicopia String Orchestra, and Orchestra 2001. She was commissioned in 2011 by violinist, Hilary Hahn, who recorded her work on Deutsche Grammophon. The compact disc won a GRAMMY in 2015.
She has been acclaimed for her authentic voice, her “vivid ear for harmony and colors” (New York Times) and her works of “transfigured beauty” (OperaNews). She writes “real music, with structure, mood, novelty and harmonic sophistication – with haunting melodies that grow out of complex, repetitive rhythms” (Philadelphia Inquirer) that is both “intellectually rigorous and deeply moving” (Star-Tribune).
Long-term residencies play a major role in Davidson's career. As composer-in-residence with the Fleisher Art Memorial (1998–2001), she was commissioned to write for the Cassatt Quartet, Voces Novae et Antiquae, and members of the Philadelphia Orchestra. She also created the citywide "Young Composers" program to teach inner city children how to write music through instrument building, improvisation, and graphic notation. She was composer-in-residence as part of the innovative Meet the Composer "New Residencies" with OperaDelaware, the Newark Symphony and the YWCA in Delaware (1994–97). During this residency, she wrote the critically acclaimed full-length opera, "Billy and Zelda", as well as created community partner programs for homeless women, and with students at a local elementary school.
The recipient of numerous prestigious grants and fellowships, Davidson was the first classical composer to receive a $50,000 Pew Fellowship, the largest such grant in the country for which an artist can apply. She has been awarded four Artist's Fellowships from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, CAP grants from the American Music Center and numerous Meet the Composer grants. Her work, "Transparent Victims" was selected by the American Public Radio as part of the International Rostrum of Composers, held at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.
Ms Davidson's music can be heard on Albany Records, CRI, Mikrokosmik, Callisto, Innova and Opus One recording labels. Her first solo compact disc, "I Hear the Mermaids Singing," was released on CRI's Emergency Music label. Her second solo disc "It is My Heart Singing," was released on Albany Records (2006) and includes three works for string quartet performed by the Cassatt Quartet. The Cassatt Quartet also recorded her string quartet, "Cassandra Sings" for CRI. In June 2002, WHYY-TV released her piano trio, "Bodies in Motion" on CD and DVD formats as a part of their documentary, “Thomas Eakins: Scenes from Modern Life.” Her work, "Antiphon for the Virgin", performed by VocalEssence Ensemble Singers, was released by St. Patrick Guild on compact disc in October 2002.


Push-button telephone

The push-button telephone is a telephone that has buttons or keys for dialing a telephone number, in contrast to having a rotary dial as in earlier telephone instruments.
Western Electric experimented as early as 1941 with methods of using mechanically activated reeds to produce two tones for each of the ten digits and by the late 1940s such technology was field-tested in a No. 5 Crossbar switching system in Pennsylvania. But the technology proved unreliable and it was not until long after the invention of the transistor when push-button technology matured. On 18 November 1963, after approximately three years of customer testing, the Bell System in the United States officially introduced dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) technology under its registered trademark "Touch-Tone". Over the next few decades touch-tone service replaced traditional pulse dialing technology and it eventually became a world-wide standard for telecommunication signaling.
Although DTMF was the driving technology implemented in push-button telephones, some telephone manufacturers used push-button keypads to generate pulse dial signaling. Before the introduction of touch-tone telephone sets, the Bell System sometimes used the term "push-button telephone" to refer to key system telephones, which were rotary dial telephones that also had a set of push-buttons to select one of multiple telephone circuits, or to activate other features. Digital push-button telephones were introduced with the adoption of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology in the early 1970s, with features such as the storage of phone numbers (like in a telephone directory) on MOS memory chips for speed dialing.
History.
Analog.
The concept of push-buttons in telephony originated around 1887 with a device called the micro-telephone push-button, but it was not an automatic dialing system as understood later. This use even predated the invention of the rotary dial by Almon Brown Strowger in 1891. The Bell System in the United States relied on manual switched service until 1919, when it reversed its decisions and embraced dialed, automatic switching. The 1951 introduction of direct distance dialing required automatic transmission of dialed numbers between distant exchanges, leading to use of inband multi-frequency signaling within the Long Lines network while individual local subscribers continued to dial using standard pulses.
As direct distance dialing expanded to a growing number of communities, local numbers (often four, five or six digits) were extended to standardized seven-digit named exchanges. A toll call to another area code was eleven digits, including the leading 1. In the 1950s, AT&T conducted extensive studies of product engineering and efficiency and concluded that push-button dialing was preferable to rotary dialing.
After initial customer trials in Connecticut and Illinois, approximately one fourth of the central office in Findlay, Ohio, was equipped in 1960 with touch-tone digit registers for the first commercial deployment of push-button dialing, starting on 1 November 1960.
In 1962, Touch-Tone telephones, including other Bell innovations such as portable pagers, were on display for the public to try out at the Bell Systems pavilion at the Seattle World's Fair. Ref. YouTube video entitled "Vintage Roadtrips – 1962 Seattle World's Fair".
On 22 April 1963 President John F. Kennedy started the countdown for the opening of the 1964 World's Fair by keying "1964" on a touch-tone telephone in the Oval Office, starting "a contraption which will count off the seconds until the opening". On November 18, 1963, the first electronic push-button system with touch-tone dialing was commercially offered by Bell Telephone to customers in the Pittsburgh area towns of Carnegie and Greensburg, Pennsylvania, after the DTMF system had been tested for several years in multiple locations, including Greensburg. This phone, the Western Electric 1500, had only ten buttons. In 1968 it was replaced by the twelve-button model 2500, adding the asterisk or star (*) and pound or hash (#) keys. The use of tones instead of dial pulses relied heavily on technology already developed for the long line network, although the 1963 touch-tone deployment adopted a different frequency set for its dual-tone multi-frequency signaling.
Although push-button touch-tone telephones made their debut to the general public in 1963, the rotary dial telephone still was common for many years. Sales of touch-tone telephones picked up speed during the 1970s, though the majority of telephone subscribers still had rotary phones, which in the Bell System of that era were leased from telephone companies instead of being owned outright. Adoption of the push-button phone was steady, but it took a long time for them to appear in some areas. At first it was primarily businesses that adopted push-button phones.
Digital.
The touch-tone system required the need for additional equipment at the telephone exchange to decode the tones. However, most telephone exchanges in the early 1970s only supported pulse dialling based on the Strowger switch system, restricting touch-tone telephones to some private branch exchanges (PBX). Tone to pulse converters were later added to linefinder groups in Step by Step offices to allow some subscribers to use DTMF sets. British companies Pye TMC, Marconi-Elliott and GEC developed a new digital push-button telephone technology, based on metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip technology. It was variously called the "MOS telephone", the "push-button telephone chip", and the "telephone on a chip". It used MOS integrated circuit (MOS IC) logic, with thousands of MOS transistors on a chip, to convert the keypad input into a pulse signal. This made it possible for push-button telephones to be used with pulse dialling at most telephone exchanges.
MOS telephone technology introduced a new feature to push-button telephones: the use of MOS memory chips to store phone numbers, which could then be used for speed dialing at the push of a button. This was demonstrated in the United Kingdom by Pye TMC, Marcno-Elliot and GEC in 1970. Between 1971 and 1973, Bell Laboratories in the United States combined MOS technology with touch-tone technology to develop a push-button MOS touch-tone phone called the "Touch-O-Matic" telephone, which could store up to 32 phone numbers in an electronic telephone directory stored on memory chips. This was made possible by the low cost, low power requirements, small size and high reliability of MOS transistors, over 15,000 of which were contained on ten IC chips, including one chip for logic functions (such as shift registers and counters), one for the keypad dial interface, and eight for memory storage. By 1979, touch-tone phones were gaining popularity, but it was not until the 1980s that the majority of customers owned push-button telephones in their homes; by the 1990s, it was the overwhelming majority.
Some exchanges no longer support pulse-dialing or charge their few remaining pulse-dial users the higher tone-dial monthly rate as rotary telephones become increasingly rare. Dial telephones are not compatible with some modern telephone features, including interactive voice response systems, though enthusiasts may adapt pulse-dialing telephones using a pulse-to-tone converter. Most, but not all VoIP analogue Telephone Adapters (ATA) will only support DTMF dialling.
Touch-tone.
The international standard for telephone signaling utilizes dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling, more commonly known as touch-tone dialing. It replaced the older and slower pulse dial system. The push-button format is also used for all cell phones, but with out-of-band signaling of the dialed number.
The touch-tone system uses audible tones for each of the digits zero through nine. Later this was expanded by two keys labeled with an asterisk (*) and the pound or hash sign (#) to represent the 11th and 12th DTMF signals. These signals accommodate various additional services and customer-controlled calling features.
The DTMF standard assigns specific frequencies to each column and row of push-buttons in the telephone keypad; the columns in the push-button pad have higher-frequency tones, and rows have lower-frequency tones in the audible range. When a button is pressed the dial generates a combination signal of the two frequencies for the selected row and column, a dual-tone signal, which is transmitted over the phone line to the telephone exchange.
When announced, the DTMF technology was not immediately available on all switching systems. The circuits of subscribers requesting the feature often had to be moved from older switches that supported only pulse dialing to a newer crossbar, or later an electronic switching system, requiring the assignment of a new telephone number which was billed at a higher monthly rate. Community dial office subscribers would often find the service initially unavailable as these villages were served by a single unattended exchange, often step by step, with service from a foreign exchange impractically expensive. Rural party line service was typically based on mechanical switching equipment which could not be upgraded.
While a tone-to-pulse converter could be deployed to any existing mechanical office line using 1970s technology, its speed would be limited to pulse dialing rates.
The new central office switches were backward-compatible with rotary dialing.
DTMF keypad layout.
The standard layout of the keys on the touch-tone telephone was the result of research of the human-engineering department at Bell Laboratories in the 1950s under the leadership of South African-born psychologist John Elias Karlin (1918–2013), who was previously a leading proponent in the introduction of all-number-dialing in the Bell System. This research resulted in the design of the DTMF keypad that arranged the push-buttons into 12 positions in a 3-by-4 position rectangular array, and placed the 1, 2, and 3 keys in the top row for most accurate dialing. The remaining digits occupied the lower rows in sequence from left to right; the 0, however, was placed into the center of the fourth row, while omitting the lower left and lower right positions.
The DTMF keyboard layout broke with the tradition established in cash registers (and later adopted in calculators and computers) of having the lower numbers at the bottom. This was due to research conducted by Bell Labs using test subjects unfamiliar with keypads. Comparing various layouts including two-row, two-column, and circular configurations, the study concluded that while there was little difference in speed or accuracy between any of the layouts, the now familiar arrangement with 1 at the top was the most favourably rated.
The engineers had envisioned telephones being used to access computers, and surveyed business customers for possible uses. This led to the addition of the number sign (#, "pound" or "diamond" in this context, "hash", "square" or "gate" in the UK, and "octothorpe" by the original engineers) and asterisk or "star" (*) keys in 1969. Later, the hash and asterisk keys were used in vertical service codes, such as "*67" to suppress caller ID in the Bell System.
In military telephone systems four additional signals (A, B, C, D) were defined for signaling call priority.
Pulse dialing.
Historically, not all push-button telephones used DTMF dialing technology. Some manufacturers implemented pulse dialing with push-button keypads and even Western Electric produced several telephone models with a push-button keypad that could also emit traditional dial pulses. Sometimes the mode was user-selectable with a switch on the telephone. Pulse-mode push-button keypads typically stored the dialed number sequence in a digit collector register to permit rapid dialing for the user. Some push button pulse dial phones allow for double-speed pulse dialing. These allow even faster pulse dialing in exchanges that recognize double-speed pulse dialing.
As telephone companies continued to levy surcharges for touch-tone service long after any technical justification ceased to exist, a push-button telephone with pulse dialing capability represented a means for a user to obtain the convenience of push-button dialing without incurring the touch-tone surcharge.
DC signaling.
In the 1950s, the Dutch electronics concern Philips developed a direct current (DC) signaling method for dialing telephone numbers, for use in the UB-49 private branch exchange (PBX) system. The push-button dial pad used an arrangement of semiconductor diodes to produce a distinct sequence of polarity states for each dialed digit between the two line conductors and ground return, which were analyzed in the exchange by relay logic.
In 1968, the system was used in the UK, in a brief excursion from standards, when the General Post Office (GPO) introduced the first UK-made push-button telephone, the GPO 726 (Ericsson N2000 series).
Features.
Electronics within push-button telephones may provide several usability features, such as last number redial and storage of commonly called numbers. Some telephone models support additional features, such as retrieval of information and data or code and PIN entry.
Most analog telephone adapters for Internet-based telecommunications (VoIP) recognize and translate DTMF tones but ignore dial pulses, an issue which also exists for some PBX systems. Like cellular handsets, telephones designed for voice-over-IP use out-of-band signaling to send the dialed number.


MassINC

The Massachusetts Institute for a New Commonwealth, or "MassINC," is registered as a non-profit 501(c) organization that functions as a nonpartisan, evidence-based think tank. Its mission is to develop a public agenda for Massachusetts that promotes the growth and vitality of the middle class. Its governing philosophy is rooted in the ideals embodied in the American Dream: equality of opportunity, personal responsibility, and a strong commonwealth. Their mission is to promote a public agenda for the middle class and to help all citizens achieve the American dream.
Activity.
MassINC was founded in 1996 by Tripp Jones and Michael Gritton who, together with a small group of leaders from the civic, business and policy-making fields, believed that the policy process in Massachusetts was missing accurate, thorough and unbiased information and research about the challenges facing the middle class. The organization was built around the conviction that better outcomes would be achieved if policy makers and opinion leaders were armed with credible data and analysis about key issues surrounding quality of life in Massachusetts. Credible, unbiased, fact-based analysis have thus been cornerstones of the MassINC strategy and have made it an organization of record for policy analysis and civic engagement.
Criminal Justice Reform Coalition.
The Massachusetts Criminal Justice Reform Coalition is a group of civic leaders who believe there is an urgent need for comprehensive corrections reform. The Coalition supports law enforcement, county sheriffs, the judiciary, agency officials, and legislative leaders working to advance comprehensive change across the criminal justice system. MassINC provides staffing and organizational support for the Coalition.
In 2013, The Massachusetts Criminal Justice Reform Coalition released its first report, "Crime, Cost, and Consequences: Is It Time to Get Smart on Crime?" The 40-page report outlines the costs of the state's incarceration system and presents reforms to both curb those costs and improve public safety. Among the recommendations are:
Since 2014, MassINC has collaborated with Community Resources for Justice and the Massachusetts Bar Association to host panels and forums on the matter of criminal justice reform.
MassINC Polling Group.
The MassINC Polling Group is a full-service opinion research company serving public, private, and social sector organizations. The MassINC Polling Group started in Boston with a local and state-level focus and now serves a national client base. Although it has expanded its reach, the group still conducts and releases more public opinion research on Massachusetts than any other polling organization. The president, Steve Koczela, has written extensively on public opinion and data analysis for both media and academic publications.
Gateway Cities Innovation Institute.
In October 2012, MassINC formed the Gateway Cities Innovation Institute to empower local leaders with research, data, leadership development, and technical assistance to make Gateway Cities and their residents stronger contributors to the Commonwealth’s regional economies. The institute is a think tank that envisions Massachusetts gateway cities (former manufacturing cities) driving regional economies. The Gateway City designation was created in a 2007 MassINC-Brookings Institution report to identify a group of the Massachusetts' traditional manufacturing cities that were missing out on a knowledge-driven economy. In particular, MassINC claims its work benefits Lawrence, New Bedford, Worcester, and Springfield.
The Gateway Cities Education Vision Project was the first major initiative of the Gateway Cities Innovation Institute. MassINC has been meeting with Gateway City mayors and superintendents to discuss opportunities to collaborate on education issues since early 2012. These conversations led to consensus that a facilitated process was needed to develop a clear vision for how Gateway Cities could develop cross-sector initiatives to build 21st century education systems that support student success from cradle to career. Through this partnership, the Gateway Cities Innovation Institute will ensure the Gateway Cities education agenda benefits from evidence of best practice and in-depth analysis by researchers.
"CommonWealth".
"CommonWealth" is a web-based publication that covers politics, policy, ideas, and civic life, with an emphasis on investigative reporting, in-depth analysis, and political mapping. The publication is a non-profit enterprise that is funded by corporate sponsors, philanthropists, foundations, advertisers, and supporters who thirst for more coverage of public policy. Two of the largest sponsors are the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and The Boston Foundation. "CommonWealth" is published by MassINC. "CommonWealth"' print magazine () ceased publication in 2018.


Disconnect tone

A disconnect tone in telephony is a tone provided to the remaining party to a call after the remote party hangs up.
Typically, the disconnect tone is a few cycles of the reorder or busy tone (e.g. in US), or between five and fifteen seconds of the Number Unobtainable tone (e.g. in UK). On some telephone exchanges in the UK, the following audio message is looped for fifteen seconds, interspersed with special information tones (SIT), to advise the remote party has hung up: "(SIT) The other person has hung up". On iPhones, the tone is 3 bursts of 425 Hz tones each lasting 0.2 seconds.


Jeff Malpas

Jeff Malpas (born 1958) is an Australian philosopher, currently Distinguished Professor at the University of Tasmania in Hobart, Tasmania. Known for his work across the analytic and continental traditions, Malpas has also been at the forefront of contemporary philosophical research on the concept of place. Malpas is also active in commenting on issues of contemporary ethics and politics in the Tasmanian and Australian media.
Work and thought.
While Malpas draws on phenomenological and hermeneutic resources, his work in what he has termed ‘philosophical topography’ is also heavily indebted to analytic approaches in philosophy of mind and language. Malpas’ work is distinctive in its detailed conceptual analysis of topographical and spatial notions, for the methodological implications that it associates with the focus on place, and for its topographical analysis of self and identity (Malpas argues for an ‘externalist’ conception of self and mind, according to which human lives are indissolubly linked to the places in which those lives are lived). Malpas’s topographical approach has been developed in two volumes, "Place and Experience" (1999) and "Heidegger’s Topology" (2006) – the latter providing an analysis of the thought of German philosopher Martin Heidegger that is centred on the ideas of place and ‘topology’ (Heidegger himself talks of his thinking as a ‘topology of being’).
Malpas has devoted considerable attention to the idea of the transcendental, particularly as it connects with hermeneutic themes, with special emphasis on notions of ground and limit. He sees the transcendental as providing an important point of connection between philosophers such as Donald Davidson, Hans-Georg Gadamer and Martin Heidegger, while the focus on the transcendental also connects with Malpas’s methodological development of the idea of philosophical topography.
Inasmuch as it draws heavily on both the analytic and continental traditions, so Malpas’s work can also be seen as providing something of a bridge between them. His readings of Heidegger and Gadamer are characterised by an emphasis on argumentative reconstruction and clarity of exposition, while his interpretation and development of Davidson’s thought emphasises the broader philosophical and meta-philosophical elements of the Davidsonian position (and so places greater emphasis on Davidson’s later writings as providing the framework for reading Davidson’s work as a whole).
Jeff Malpas was the founder of the University of Tasmania’s Centre for Applied Philosophy and Ethics, and held the position as director until 2005.
Awards and recognition.
In November 2018 Malpas was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.


W. H. Anderson

William Henry Anderson (21 April 1882 – 12 April 1955) was a composer, choir director, tenor, and voice teacher of English birth. He produced a large amount of vocal music, including more than 150 songs and 40 anthems as well as a significant amount of carols and other choral works. He also produced a large number of choral arrangements of Ukrainian, Czech, and Icelandic folksongs; mainly written for Winnipeg choir director Walter Bohonos and his choirs. He used the pseudonyms Hugh Garland and Michael Bilencko for some of his published ballads and folksong arrangements, however, most of his works were published under the name W.H. Anderson. Some of his more well known compositions include the anthem "Come, I Pray Thee"; the songs "Hospitality" and "To Immortality"; the trio for female voices "Sea Blue Gardens"; and the Christmas pieces "Ane Song for the Birth of Christ", "Lullaby of the Little Angels" and "The World's Desire".
Life and career.
Born in London, Anderson studied singing privately in his native city with Mattia Battistini and Manuel García and at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He served as a lay tenor at several notable churches in London, including St Paul's Cathedral, St Stephen Walbrook, and St. Paul's Church, Knightsbridge. In his early career he performed roles with the Moody-Manners Opera Company, sometimes using the name Wallace Anderson when performing. However, he mainly sang using his own name William. On 5 May 1903 he notably portrayed Monsieur Loustot in the London premiere of André Messager's "Véronique" with the composer conducting.
Anderson's abandoned his singing career after suffering from chronic bouts with bronchitis. He was advised by his doctor to leave London for a drier climate, and accordingly left England for Canada in 1910 where he ultimately settled in Winnipeg. He became a celebrated singing teacher in that city; notably teaching such musicians as Herbert Belyea, Lorne Betts, Lloyd Blackman, Ronald Dodds, James Duncan, Reginald Hugo, Wallace Lewis, Morley Meredith, Maxine Miller, Gladys Whitehead, and Phyllis Worth. He was also a much admired choir director in Winnipeg, notably founding and directing both CNR Choral Society and The Choristers. He conducted the latter choir from 1936 to 1955; notably leading the ensemble in an annual series of national broadcasts for CBC Radio from 1942 to 1955. The group continued to perform for nearly 20 years after Anderson's death. He also held several church posts in Winnipeg, including serving as music director of St Andrew's River Heights United from 1934 to 1954.
Anderson died in Winnipeg in 1955 at the age of 72. His son Jeffrey Anderson was a successful radio producer and music critic and his daughter Evelyne Anderson was a successful actress and soprano.


Huawei E220

The Huawei E220 is a Huawei HSDPA access device (modem) manufactured by Huawei and notable for using the USB interface (USB modem).
Technically it is a modem, USB and (due to the CDfs format) virtual CD-ROM device.
Launched on 21 June 2006, the device is used for wireless Internet access using 3.5G, 3G, or 2G mobile telephony networks. It supports UMTS (including HSDPA), EDGE, GPRS and GSM.
E220 works well with Linux, as support for it was added in Linux kernel 2.6.20 (2007-02-04), but there are workarounds for distributions with older kernels. The card is also supported by Vodafone Mobile Connect Card driver for Linux, and it is possible to monitor the signal strength through other Linux applications.
Most 3G network operators bundle the device with a contract, with some operators simlocking the device. Unlocked and unbranded modems can also be bought from independent suppliers.
Features.
The device contains not only the cellular antenna but also about 22 MB (10 MB on older versions) of storage memory accessible to the operating system as a USB mass storage device formatted with CDfs, thus emulating a CD-ROM drive. In this memory, E220 devices supplied by mobile operators may contain 3G dialer software written by the operator, while Huawei-branded devices contain Huawei's original dialing software, which they call 'Dashboard'. Huawei's Dashboard and updates for it are also available from Huawei's website, or the 11.313.02.00.01 firmware for 7.2 Mbit/s from NetCom (in reality " 'flashing' " this device means writing a firmware image to its internal flash memory, which is different from "updating the dashboard", which is simply writing a new CDFS disc image to the USB mass storage device that appears in the operating system). Flashing the firmware of this device doesn't change the USB Mass Storage memory used for the operator's software, therefore connection settings (such as APN) will be retained. When the device is first attached, Windows will automatically run the software stored on it, unless that feature has been turned off in Windows. This feature can be bypassed by pressing the Shift key while attaching the device, or by turning off the autostart feature entirely. It is possible to remove the operator branding by flashing the device with Huawei's Mobile Partner software.
Huawei does not publicly release firmware updates for its devices, only Dashboard updates. The standard way of obtaining firmware updates is through the service provider, however some firmware updates are publicly available over the Internet and some users have cross-flashed (i.e. using a firmware provided by service provider "X" with modem supplied by service provider "Y") their modems without trouble.
Updating the modem's Dashboard does not remove or affect the network-lock (that may be in effect with modems purchased subsidized from a service provider) that prevents you from using the modem with any service provider. However updating the modem's firmware may remove this network-unlock or even the opposite, turn a network-unlock free modem into an unlocked one.
Hardware.
The E220 connects to the computer with a standard Mini USB cable. The device comes with two cables, one short and one long. The long one has two USB A interfaces, one used for data and power and the other optionally only for assistance power in case the computer is not able to provide the full 500 mA (milliamperes) required for the device to work from one USB interface only.
If the connection is frequently disrupted or is unstable (or usable at slow speeds only), the two plug USB cable should be used instead.
The E220 antenna is internal; the USB cable does not act as an antenna. The external antenna connector is not accessible without opening the device (voiding any warranty). It is still possible to connect an external antenna without opening the device and using the (internal) external antenna connector. Together with a high gain antenna like an LPDA or an OMNI booster antenna and an adapter, signal strength can be considerably improved.
There is also a way to do this, open the modem, remove the small internal antenna, and solder a UMTS-antenna cable onto the board. The warranty will be invalidated, but it can be a cheap and functional way to connect an external antenna.
Software.
The Huawei E220 includes its own Windows software in its internal memory, which self-installs through the Windows's auto-start feature and can be flashed (overwritten) by the end user. The standard software by Huawei is called "Mobile Partner" and is indicated by the code UTPS.
Some network operators selling the E220, however, replace Huawei's software with their own, which often is software-locked (albeit not SIM-locked) to work only with the operator's own network. End-users can use also third-party open source software PyHumod or freeware MWconn.
Since the release of Windows 7 users have reported a number of issues that require a firmware upgrade to the modem. Huawei have released new firmware to the operators, who have generally made it available on their websites. The firmware upgrade must be carried out from a machine running Windows XP or Windows Vista and which can see the modem. Once this is complete Windows 7 can see and use the modem.
The following operator(s) are known to replace Huawei's software with their own:


J. Don Read

 John Donald Read (born 1943) is a Canadian psychologist and is currently employed as professor of psychology and chair of the psychology department at Simon Fraser University in Canada. He works primarily in the field of Law and Forensics and has conducted research in the fields of human memory, eyewitness memory and the legal system.
Education.
Don Read received a bachelor's degree with honours in Psychology from University of British Columbia in 1964. He then completed his Master of Science in Experimental Psychology at Kansas State University in 1966 writing his thesis on extraserial cues in verbal learning. In 1966 he received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Kansas State University. The topic for his Ph.D. dissertation was positive and negative information in human learning.
Career.
From 1969 to 1999 Read was employed at University of Lethbridge, starting as Assistant Professor and working his way up to Full Professor. From 2000-2008 he worked as Adjunct Professor at University of Victoria, and again from 2010-2013. From 2002–present he has been employed at Simon Fraser University. He started as full professor and director for the Law and Psychology Program and from 2009 he has been employed as full professor and chair. During his career he has also been Visiting Scholar and Visiting Professor at University of Colorado (1976) and University of Victoria (1991-1992, 1997-1999). Read is on the Governing Board of the Society of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (SARMAC). From 2000-2005 he was the editor representing SARMAC for the journal "Applied Cognitive Psychology". He is now on the editorial board for "Applied Cognitive Psychology".
Read's teaching interests are psychology and the law and applied cognitive psychology.
Research.
In the early stages of his career as a scientist Read's research was mostly in the area of verbal learning. He also studied recognition and recollection of words and faces. From the early 1980s he started focusing his research more towards memory in legal settings such as eyewitness memory. In the 1990s the debate about the reality of repressed memories was a point of interest for many cognitive psychologists, Read included. In 1994 he published a paper together with Stephen Lindsay called "Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective". This paper was published in the journal "Applied Cognitive Psychology" and has been cited over 240 times by other researchers and reviewers. The paper also created a lot of discussions at the time it was published. Since then Read has conducted more research in the area of false/recovered memories. More recently Read has published more articles in the forensic field, mostly about the reliability of eyewitness testimonies and identifications.
Publications.
Journal articles.
Read, J. D. (2006). Features of eyewitness testimony evidence implicated in wrongful convictions. Manitoba Law Journal, 31, 523-542.
Connolly, D. A. & Read, J. D. (2006). Delayed prosecutions of historic child sexual abuse: Analyses of 2064 Canadian criminal complaints. Law and Human Behavior, 30, 409-434.
Read, J. D., Connolly, D. A., & Welsh, A. (2006) Prediction of verdicts in archival cases of historical child sexual abuse. Law and Human Behavior, 30, 259-285.
Lindsay, D. S., Hagen, L., Read, J. D., Wade, K. A., & Garry, M. (2004) True photographs and false memories. Psychological Science. 15, 149-154.
Wade, K. A., Garry, M., Read, J. D., & Lindsay, D. S. (2002). A picture is worth a thousand lies: Using false photographs to create false childhood memories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 597-603.
Read, J. D., & Lindsay, D. S. (2000). The amnestic consequences of summer camps and high school graduations: Effects of memory retrieval upon reported amnesia. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 129-147.
Lindsay, D. S., Read, J. D., & Sharma, K. (1998). Accuracy and confidence in person identification: The relationship is strong when witnessing conditions vary widely (as they do across real-world witnesses). Psychological Science, 9, 215-218.
Read, J. D. (1996). From a passing thought to a false memory in 2 minutes: Confusing real and illusory events. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 105-111.
Lindsay, D. S, & Read, J. D. (1994). Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 281-338.
Read, J. D., Yuille, J. C., & Tollestrup, P. (1992). Recollections of a robbery: Effects of alcohol and arousal upon recall and person identification. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 425-446.
Books.
Toglia, M. P., Read, J. D., Ross, D. F., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (Eds.), (2007) Handbook of eyewitness psychology: Volume I: Memory for events. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. 744 pp.
Lindsay, R. C. L., Ross, D. F., Read, J. D., & Toglia, M. P. (Eds.), (2007) Handbook of eyewitness psychology: Volume II: Memory for people. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. 648 pp.
Read, J. D. & Lindsay, D. S. (1997). Recollections of trauma: Scientific research and clinical practice. Plenum Publishing.
Ross, D. F., Read, J. D., & Toglia, M. P. (1994). Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and developments. New York: Cambridge University Press. 418 pp.
Thompson, C. P., Herrmann, Bruce, D., Read, J. D., Payne, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1998). Autobiographical memory: Theoretical and applied perspectives. Erlbaum.
Thompson, C. P., Herrmann, D., Read, J. D., Bruce, D., Payne, D., & Toglia, M. P. (1998). Eyewitness memory: Theoretical and applied perspectives. Erlbaum.


Shane Jones

Shane Geoffrey Jones (born 3 September 1959) is a New Zealand politician. He served as a New Zealand First list MP from 2017 to 2020. Jones was previously a Labour MP from 2005 to 2014.
Jones was a cabinet minister in the Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand. He contested the leadership of the Labour Party in a 2013 leadership election but lost to rival David Cunliffe. He left parliament at the end of May 2014.
Jones was the New Zealand First candidate for Whangarei in the 2017 general election; he was ranked eighth on the New Zealand First party list and returned to parliament following the election on 23 September 2017. In October 2017, Jones was appointed as a minister in the New Zealand First–Labour coalition government, holding the portfolios of Infrastructure, Forestry and Regional Economic Development.
In October 2020, Jones contested the Northland electorate but was defeated. His party NZ First also lost their seats in Parliament, falling below the five percent parliamentary threshold.
Early life.
Jones is Māori, of Te Aupōuri and Ngāi Takoto descent, as well as having English, Welsh and Croatian ancestry. He has a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and a Master of Public Administration (MPA), and was awarded a Harkness Fellowship to study at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
Political career.
Labour Party.
He stood in the 2005 election for the Labour Party, being ranked twenty-seventh on its party list. This was the highest position given by Labour to someone who was not already a member of parliament. He took his seat in the new parliament after the Labour Party won 50 seats in New Zealand's 120 seat parliament. Jones held a number of senior roles in the public sector, being best known for his work as chairman of the Waitangi Fisheries Commission. He worked for the Ministry for the Environment and the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. After his entry into parliament, after 2005 election, Jones became chair of the Finance and Expenditure Select Committee. He had often been speculated by the media and among his colleagues as a future leader of the Labour Party.
In the cabinet re-shuffle on 31 October 2007, Jones was made a cabinet minister with the portfolios of Building and Construction, and was made an associate minister in charge of Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations, Immigration and Trade. He scrapped a government proposal requiring new buildings to have low flow showers heads, prior to the 2008 general election. Labour was defeated at the election and Jones contested the Northland electorate unsuccessfully, but was returned to parliament as a list member due to his high list placing of 16.
Expense controversy.
On 10 June 2010 after the release of ministerial credit card records, Jones admitted to having used a Crown credit card for personal expenditure, but assured the public that he had reimbursed the Crown in full for the expenditure. Later that day Jones admitted that he had used the card to hire pornographic films at hotels while on ministerial business. The credit card record showed that he chartered an executive jet for $1200, which he claimed was due to bad weather which forced a change in his schedule.
On 14 June 2010, opposition leader Phil Goff demoted Jones along with two other Labour MPs for misuse of ministerial credit cards. Jones was removed from the parliamentary front bench and stripped of the shadow portfolios of Environment and Economic Development.
Yan controversy.
In 2008, when Jones was Minister of Immigration, he approved the citizenship application of Chinese businessman William Yan. Yan was charged with making false declarations on immigration documents. On 23 May 2012, Jones stood down from the front bench and his shadow portfolios while an investigation took place. Labour Party leader David Shearer asked the Auditor-General to investigate Jones' handling of the citizenship application. Jones had acted against officials' advice that he should decline the application because of questions about Yan's multiple identities and a warrant for his arrest in China. Jones defended his decision, saying it was based on humanitarian grounds because a high-level Government official had told him that Yan faced execution if he returned to China. Shearer said Jones supported the decision to refer the matter to the Auditor-General because Jones must be given a chance to clear his name.
Shearer said he believed Jones had followed proper processes, but the differing statements made inside and outside of court, and the questions raised publicly had prompted him to refer it to an independent agency. Shearer said: "New Zealanders must be able to have confidence in the processes of government and that is why Labour believes it is important for the Auditor-General to provide reassurance that the appropriate action was taken in this case."
On 24 May 2012, Yan was found not guilty on all the immigration charges. On 30 May, it was announced that the Auditor General would conduct a formal investigation into the matter.
Retirement from parliament.
On 22 April 2014, Jones announced his intention to step down as a Labour Party MP, leaving at the end of May. TV3 reported he would be taking on the newly created role of Pacific Economic Ambassador.
Re-entering politics.
On 30 June 2017, after months of speculation, Jones was confirmed as the New Zealand First candidate for Whangarei for the 2017 general election. Jones was also placed eighth on the party list for New Zealand First, above some of the members of the New Zealand First caucus of the Parliament at the time, increasing his chances of re-entering Parliament.
New Zealand online magazine, The Spinoff hosted a live debate on Facebook, among seven of the 2017 election's candidates that the magazine found "most exciting", including Jones, representing New Zealand First.
During the 2017 election, Jones contested Whangarei, coming third place (7,651) behind National candidate Shane Reti (18,734) and Labour candidate Tony Savage (7,767). He was elected to Parliament on the New Zealand First list.
Coalition government.
Following the , Jones was appointed Minister for Infrastructure, Minister of Forestry and Minister for Regional Economic Development following the formation of a coalition government consisting of the Labour Party, New Zealand First, and the Green Party.
On 25 September 2019, Jones and Labour MP Kieran McAnulty were ejected from Parliament by the Speaker of the House Trevor Mallard after trading barbs with National MPs during a parliamentary debate about Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's meeting with US President Donald Trump.
In mid-October 2019, Jones drew media attention when he was photographed using an AR-15 style rifle while on holiday. The AR-15 rifle was among the semi-automatic weapons banned by New Zealand Government's Arms (Prohibited Firearms, Magazines, and Parts) Amendment Act 2019 following the Christchurch mosque shootings.
After feeling light-headed Jones was admitted to hospital on 11 December 2019 as a precaution after suffering from exhaustion.
Provincial Growth Fund.
As Minister for Regional Economic Development Jones was responsible for the $3 billion Provincial Growth Fund and announced a number of grants for the development of various regions, e.g. for Southland, the West Coast and the Wairarapa.
The first grants in February 2018 included $6 million for the Whanganui rail line, $5 million for the Napier-Wairoa rail line and $2.3 million for the Gisborne port.
In late October 2019, Jones announced that the Government would be investing NZ$20 million in revitalising Hillside Engineering in South Dunedin as a major heavy engineering and KiwiRail servicing hub.
On 21 January 2020, the opposition National Party called for an investigation into Jones' involvement in the bid by NZ Future Forrest Products Limited for NZ$15 million of Provincial Growth Fund funding. NZ Future Forrest Products has links to New Zealand First.
2019–2020 Remarks about Indian migrants.
In late October 2019, Shane Jones drew criticism when he made alleged racist remarks in response to members of the Indian New Zealand community's criticism of Immigration New Zealand's recent decision to tighten partnership visas for those on arranged marriages. Jones had said:
Jones' comments were condemned by the Waitakere Indian Association, who called on Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Minister for Ethnic Communities Jenny Salesa to demand a public apology from Jones and to address the Indian community's concerns.
On 3 November 2019, members of the Migrant Workers Association and Love Aotearoa Hate Racism held a rally in Auckland's Aotea Square to protest Jones' remarks.
Jones' remarks were also condemned by the broadcaster Patrick Gower, who described Jones as a "gutless wonder." Prime Minister Ardern, Trade Minister Damien O'Connor, and Immigration Minister Iain Lees-Galloway have disavowed Jones' remarks as not representative of the New Zealand Government. On 5 November 2019, Jones described the community response as a "Bollywood reaction and claimed that he was speaking for New Zealanders who were anxious about immigration. On 6 November 2019, the Government reversed the partnership visa decision, restoring the exception for non-resident Indian marriages.
On 29 February 2020, Jones made remarks on Newshub's "Nation" current affairs programme claiming that immigration was placing "enormous stress" on the country's social and economic infrastructure. He also claimed that the large number of international students from India had ruined New Zealand tertiary institutions. Jones' remarks were criticised by Prime Minister Ardern, the Waitakere Indian Association, National Party leader Simon Bridges, Green Party co-leader James Shaw, and Labour MP Iain Lees-Galloway. The Race Relations Commissioner Meng Foon also condemned them as "racist, ignorant and harmful." Jones has defended his comments, claiming that members of the Indian community were exploiting their own people.
"Redneck remarks", November 2019.
On 14 November 2019, Jones drew media and public attention when he described several protesting farmers outside Parliament as "rednecks." This march by protesting farmers had been organised by the farming lobby group 50 Shades of Green, who were protesting the Government's "blanket forestry" policy. Jones' remarks were criticised by his parliamentary colleagues Climate Change Minister James Shaw, the National Party's agricultural spokesperson Todd Muller, and Federated Farmers vice president Andrew Hoggard. Shaw likened Jones' remarks to "putting out fire with gasoline" while Muller described Jones as a bully who had shown "remarkable disrespect to hundreds of farmers who travelled a long way to have their say." Hoggard described Jones' comments as unhelpful and alleged that the Government was ignoring the agricultural sector's concerns. By contrast, Labour politician Willie Jackson defended Jones' remarks, claiming that the farmers were out of line.
Remarks about climate-change activists, January 2020.
On 20 January 2020, Jones attracted media attention when he criticised climate change activists for advocating reduced meat consumption, comparing their campaigns to "eco bible-bashing." Jones also likened climate change activists to "medieval torture chamber workers" hellbent on "preaching this gospel of absolutism". He made these remarks in response to the Government's recent announcement that they would be introducing climate change education in schools.
2020 New Zealand general election.
During the 2020 New Zealand general election that was held on 17 October, Jones contested the Northland electorate seat. He was defeated, coming third place with 5,119 votes behind Labour's Willow-Jean Prime (17,066) and National's Matt King (16,903). New Zealand First also lost all its parliamentary seats, gaining only 2.6% percent of the party vote, below the five percent threshold needed to enter Parliament.


Zachary D. Kaufman

Zachary Daniel Kaufman (born February 17, 1979) is Associate Professor of Law and Political Science at the University of Houston Law Center, where he teaches Criminal Law, International Law, and International and Transitional Justice. He also holds appointments at the University’s Department of Political Science, Hobby School of Public Affairs, and Elizabeth D. Rockwell Center on Ethics and Leadership.
Current Positions / Affiliations.
Kaufman is currently a Senior Fellow at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and a lecturer in Law at Stanford Law School. In addition, he is a Term Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, a Member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and a Fellow of the Truman National Security Project.
Previous Positions / Fellowships.
From 2016 to 2017, Kaufman served as a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow.
From 2015 to 2016, Kaufman served as a Fellow at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government.
From 2014 to 2015, Kaufman served as a Fellow at the United States Supreme Court.
From 2005 to 2006, Kaufman served as a Fellow at Stanford University, in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law (CDDRL).
Awards.
Kaufman has received recognition for his academic and public service work, including:
Education.
Kaufman is a graduate of Suncrest Middle School, Shady Side Academy, Yale University, the University of Oxford (where he was a Marshall Scholar), and Yale Law School.
While an undergraduate at Yale (from 1996 to 2000), Kaufman was the student body president and co-captain of the Yale wrestling team. He was also an All-American and Runner-up National Champion in the National Collegiate Wrestling Association. He received his B.A. (Bachelor's) degree in Political Science in 2000.
In 2004, Kaufman received his M.Phil (Master's) degree in International Relations from the University of Oxford, where he served on the Executive Committee of the Magdalen College Trust, his residential college's grant-making charity.
In 2009, Kaufman received his Juris Doctor (JD) degree from Yale Law School, where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the "Yale Law & Policy Review".
In 2012, Kaufman received his D.Phil (PhD) degree in International Relations from the University of Oxford.
Scholarship.
Kaufman is an author and lecturer.
To date, Kaufman has published three books. He is the author of "United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics, and Pragmatics". He is the co-editor (with Dr. Phil Clark) and co-author of "After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond". He is also the editor and co-author of "Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World".
Kaufman's research and commentary have also appeared in a variety of other publications, including the "New York Times", the "Washington Post", the "Yale Law & Policy Review", the "Yale Journal of International Law", the "Harvard International Law Journal", the "Yale Human Rights & Development Review", the "Emory International Law Review", and others.
Kaufman has delivered speeches and lectures at a variety of institutions around the world, including at law schools, political science departments, public policy schools, and business schools in the United States (e.g., Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, Columbia University, New York University, Georgetown University, George Washington University, Dartmouth College, University of Michigan, Johns Hopkins University, United States Naval Academy, American University) and abroad (e.g., University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, London School of Economics and Political Science, King's College London, University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies).
Founding of the Kigali Public Library.
Kaufman was instrumental in the founding of the Kigali Public Library (also known as Rwanda Library Services), which is Rwanda’s first public library. The library became operational in April 2012, offering 12,000 books. Kaufman is the founder, president, and chairman of the Board of Directors of the American Friends of the Kigali Public Library and an Honorary Member of the Rotary Club of Kigali-Virunga, Rwanda.
Other Notable Public Service Activities.
Other public service activities in which Kaufman is engaged include his service as:
Representative Publications.
Books
Journal Articles - Academic
Journal Articles - Practitioner
Book Chapters
Book Reviews
Opinion Pieces


Peter Schwerdtfeger

Peter Schwerdtfeger (born September 1, 1955) is a German scientist. He holds a chair in theoretical chemistry at Massey University in Auckland, New Zealand, serves as Director of the Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, is the Head of the New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, and is a former president of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
Academic career.
Schwerdtfeger took his first degree in Chemical Engineering at Aalen University in 1976, after finishing a degree as chemical-technical assistant at the Institute Dr. Flad in Stuttgart in 1973. He studied chemistry, physics and mathematics at Stuttgart University where he received his PhD in theoretical chemistry in 1986. He received a Feodor-Lynen fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to join the chemistry department and later the School of Engineering at University of Auckland in 1987. After a two years research fellowship at the Research School of Chemistry (Australian National University), he returned to Auckland University in 1991 for a lectureship in chemistry. He received his habilitation and venia legendi (Privatdozent) in 1995 from the Philipps University of Marburg. He held a personal chair in physical chemistry for five years until moving to Massey University Albany in 2004, where he established the Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics. He became a founding member of the New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study in 2007. In 2007 he received the Royal Society Australasian Chemistry Lectureship, and was the Källen Lecturer in Physics at Lund University (Sweden) in 2015. From 2017-2018 he was member of the Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He has published 350 papers in international journals. He was awarded eight consecutive Marsden awards by the Royal Society of New Zealand.


Ching-Yuen Hsiao

Ching-Yuen Hsiao (; born Guizhou, China, 1900 – 18 December 1984, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA) was a Chinese diplomat and engineer who received the Medal of Freedom from President Harry Truman in 1946 for his meritorious contribution to the Allied cause in the war against Japan.
Personal life and education.
Hsiao was born in the Qing Dynasty March 28, 1900 (Second month 28th day lunar calendar) in Kaiyang, Guizhou province. He grew up in Shangtian, Jiangxi. He was in one of the early (1924) graduating classes of Tsinghua College, Beijing, which had been established as a preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States. He earned the following degrees:
After completing his doctorate he received a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship and travelled to Europe to study sanitation systems in major cities.
He returned to China in 1930 to serve his country in the field of his training: transportation, public works and communication.
Notable service.
Upon his return to China, he worked for the Shanghai municipal government and later with the Ministry of Communications of the Republic of China. In Shanghai, he was in charge of Municipal Engineering Public Works and modernized the sewer system for Shanghai. With the Ministry, he was initially Director of the Kiangsi Highway Bureau, then Director of the South-West Highway Administration, and finally Director of the National Highway Administration. He was in charge of building the great southwestern highway system. He was also in charge of the Burma Road and the strategic highway between Xinjiang and Russia. As Director of the National Highway Administration after the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was responsible for relocating thousands of refugees and governmental officials from Chongqing to Nanjing safely.
Hsiao was awarded the Medal of Freedom (America’s highest civilian award) by President Truman on December 26, 1946 for his meritorious contribution to the Allied cause in the war against Japan.
In the spring of 1947 he was dispatched to the United Nations as Delegate for China on the United Nations Transportation and Communication Commission where he served from 1947-1957. Concurrently, he served as the Director of the Ministry of Transportation (sometimes called the Division of Communications based on an early incorrect translation from Chinese) under the Chinese Government Purchasing Mission, first in Canada and later in the United States (1952-1969). He settled in Washington, DC in 1949.


Girija Prasad Joshi

Girija Prasad Joshi" महाकबि " (1939–1987) was a versatile Nepalese poet who set a new trend in Nepal Bhasa literature. His poems, epics, plays and novels broke tradition and crossed conventional boundaries. He has been honored with the title Great Poet.
Early life.
Joshi was born in Sankhu (Sakwa), a small town in the Kathmandu Valley. His father was Dev Prasad and mother Khadga Devi Joshi. After finishing high school, he earned a bachelor's degree in education and taught in various schools. In 1981, he became headmaster of Rastriya Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Indrayani.
Literary career.
Joshi published his first poem in "Dharmodaya" magazine in 1958. He has been described as being influenced by leftist views, but his works encompass a wide range of subjects from progressive to romantic.
His poems and stories speak up for the downtrodden masses. Joshi's writing career spanned the years of the repressive Panchayat system (1962–1990) when Nepal Bhasa writers were arrested and tortured. Writings in languages other than the Nepali language were stifled, and no new publications were allowed to be established. Against this backdrop, Joshi's works inspired literary and cultural movements.
Publications.
Joshi was a prolific writer. During the period 1958 to 1987, he produced 11 novels, nine books of poetry, 10 story books, two epics, two plays and four books of songs. His greatest novels are "Siluswan" and "Bipatra". Similarly, "Silu-me: Cipukham" is a well known novelette.
The poem entitled "Hakugunya Nhapanmha Gayak" ("The First Singer of the Black Hill") is the longest poem in Nepal Bhasa.


Visual Interactive Voice Response

Visual Interactive Voice Response (Visual IVR) is conceptually similar to voice Interactive voice response (IVR). Visual IVR uses web applications to "instantly create an app-like experience for users on smartphones during contact center interactions without the need to download any app." The user interacts with a visual interface by touch or click commands on his mobile or computer screen. The technology can be used either on a mobile device app or directly over the web. Visual IVR can be used for companies to interact with their monthly customers, to provide electronic billing and to order other information through a single access point. The user can realize in a few clicks a selfcare journey to find his answer, use another channel made available by the company (email, chatbot, SMS …) or to be put in relation directly with the good skill. Visual IVR has shown advantages over its legacy IVR counterpart, including reducing the average time to resolution by 300 seconds per call, earning a Net Promoter Score of 91 for ease of use, and increasing call containment by 75%. It can overcome inherent challenges in mobile app adoption. Visual IVR can also utilize video as a part of its interface, sometimes referred to as Video IVR. The Interactive Display Response System, which is one form of Visual IVR, was patented in 2009.


Fatu Gayflor

Fatu Gayflor (born 1966) is a Liberian singer. Dubbed "Princess Fatu Gayflor, the golden voice of Liberia", she has performed at major music venues and festivals throughout the world and has made a number of recordings.
Born in the village of Kakata in northwestern Liberia, Gayflor is a member of the Loma ethnic group. As a child she learned the rituals and song of her people and learned to play the sekere as a member of the sande society. In 1978, at just 12 years of age, she joined the Liberian National Cultural Troupe (LNCT) in Keneja. With the LNCT she learned traditional songs from 16 different ethnic groups across Liberia. She eventually became the group's lead singer and toured throughout the world with the ensemble; notably performing at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition.
Gayflor made her first two solo albums in Liberia during the mid-1980s. She left the country for the Ivory Coast in 1989 due to the First Liberian Civil War; making her third album while residing in a refugee camp. She lived for a time as a refugee in Guinea before emigrating to the state of Pennsylvania in the United States where she currently resides. She has become a fixture at Liberian music events in the Philadelphia area and works with the Philadelphia Folklore Project. She has taught at the Folk Arts Cultural Treasures Charter School which is sponsored by the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts.


Jean Lavandier


John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships at Stanford

The John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships at Stanford is a paid 10-month journalism fellowship at Stanford University. It is one of 20 such programs available in the US for working journalists. It is connected to the School of Humanities and Sciences.
The fellowship, which is awarded to up to 20 journalists each year, is open to professional journalists with a minimum of seven years of experience (five years for journalists from outside the US). Acceptance is based on the applicants' ability to "identify and articulate a challenge in journalism that they want to work on addressing." According to the program, "We expect them to arrive in the program with more questions than answers and we seek people who are eager to experiment and to change course based on what they learn along the way."
History.
The program began in 1966 as the Professional Journalism Fellowships Program at Stanford University. Julius Duscha was associated director from 1966 to 1968.
In 1984 it was named after the American newspaper publisher and editor John S. Knight, following a large donation from the Knight Foundation to permanently endow the fellowships.
Beginning with the 2009–10 fellowship year, the program placed a new emphasis on journalistic innovation, entrepreneurship and leadership. In 2014, it received a further $1.8 million grant from the Knight Foundation to fund a technology resource curriculum and programs to support its alumni in initiatives which they formulated during their fellowships.
Notable alumni.
Several of the program's alumni have received major journalism awards. Among past JSK fellows who have received the Pulitzer Prize are Daniel Golden, Eileen Welsome, and Susan Faludi.


K. Christopher Beard

K. Christopher Beard is an American paleontologist, a world-renowned expert on the primate fossil record and a 2000 MacArthur Fellowship "Genius" Award Winner. Beard's research is reshaping critical debates about the evolutionary origins of mammals, including primates, routinely questioning current thinking about their geographical origins. Dr. Beard is the former Curator of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and Mary R. Dawson Chair of Vertebrate Paleontology, at University of Pittsburgh. He is currently Distinguished Foundation Professor, Senior Curator at the University of Kansas. He was co-author with Dan Gebo about an extinct primate from China. Dr. Beard also authored the book The Hunt for the Dawn Monkey: Unearthing the Origins of Monkeys, Apes and Humans. Beard was also part of the research teams that discovered Teilhardina, the earliest primate ever found in North America, and Eosimias, one of the earliest higher primates yet discovered. He worked with NASA to scan a "Tyrannosaurus rex" skull. Beard received his PhD from the Functional Anatomy and Evolution Program at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1989.


PCMCIA modem


Ingeman Arbnor

Ingeman Arbnor (born 25 January 1949) is a Swedish economist, Professor at the Lund University, Lund, known for his international bestseller "Methodology for Creating Business Knowledge" written with Björn Bjerke.
Biography.
Ingeman Arbnor was born in Sweden in 1949, and studied Economics at the Lund University. A few years, later Arbnor was appointed to his first professorial position at the Lund University. Björn Bjerke supervised the final phase of Arbnor’s doctoral work and a deep professional relation developed, resulting in their becoming coauthors. It is out of this relationship that "Methodology for Creating Business Knowledge" was born and developed. His dissertation containing what is now considered classic methodological reorientations.
Arbnor further worked as an entrepreneur in the field of establishing a running business training and development centers in cooperation with multinational corporations in Sweden. Among other business accomplishments, he has started a trading house, a Venture Competence Invest, and an academy for venture management education.
Since the 1990s, he has been a member of the expert group to the Swedish Association of Graduates in Business Administration and Economics.
Work.
Arbnor's research interest is in the fields of organizational studies, management, research methodology and multimedia as the ultimate approach to allocating competence for the learning society.
Methodology for Creating Business Knowledge.
The book "Methodology for Creating Business Knowledge" (1997) wants to give the reader a foundation for handling questions about knowledge creation and for doing research efficiently and effectively in different situations and for various clients and employers. It describes and compares three different methodological approaches for gaining business knowledge:
The Analytic Approach is the positivist approach, the Systems Approach favors the development of explanatory models and the Actors Approach is more commonly known as "structuration theory," which derives from the work of Anthony Giddens, "Central Problems in Social Theory" from 1979 and "The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration" from 1984.
It then examines the consequences of using each approach in various practical and theoretical situations. Techniques discussed include historical studies, case studies, dialogues, language development, collecting data, measurement, controlling reliability, and validation. Arbnor & Bjerke further argue that qualitative research methods must be consistent with the epistemological presumptions of the researcher, the theory and the research problem.
Publications.
Arbnor has written some 14 books, mostly in Swedish. A selection: