Full motion racing simulator

A full motion racing simulator, sometimes called a full motion sim rig, is a motion simulator that is purposed for racing, and must provide motion simulation in all six degrees of freedom, as defined by the aviation simulator industry many decades ago. The six degrees of freedom coincide with Earth physics, and are commonly referred to (in both aircraft, watercraft and other vehicles) as:
Simulations of these six degrees of freedom are usually achieved by tilting of a motion base (also called Stewart platform) which also changes the drivers position relative to the Earth's gravity, giving the sensation of acceleration.
In addition to the six degrees of freedom, it is also common to have force feedback in full motion racing simulators, most commonly in the steering wheel, but sometimes even in other controls as well. To create an even more immersive experience, full motion racing simulators are sometimes also combined with virtual reality headsets.
Definitions.
To merely be called a motion racing simulator, the device in contrast only needs to have a motion simulation mechanism in at least 1 degree of freedom. However, any motion simulator with less than six degrees of freedom should not be referred to as "full" motion simulators.
It should also be noted that the term "simulator" in this article does not refer to the simulation software or game, but rather the physical hardware device that the driver sits in.
DOF comparison.
The number of DOFs determine what kind of car and racing type can be simulated. 2DOF or 3DOF simulators can be sufficient if simulation of yaw, under and oversteer is not important. Advantages of some 2DOF setup can be lower price, quick response times and high speed. 6DOF simulators can achieve yaw (turning), under and oversteer.
Different types of simulators may be more suitable for different use cases. Examples of other use cases may include simulating a motorbike, skiing og horseriding.
Arguably the two most common use cases are auto racing and flight simulators.
Some common motion simulator setup types include:
DC motor actuators are usually more affordable, while AC motor setups generally are more powerful and expensive.
Compatibility.
Various games support full motion simulation. Features and compatibilities may also vary with different hardware and software setups.
Many arcade racing games in amusement arcades frequently use hydraulic motion simulator arcade cabinets that simulate the look and feel of a vehicle. For example, a motorbike that the player sits on and moves around to control the on-screen action, or a car-like cabinet (with seats, steering wheel, pedals and gear stick) that moves around in sync with the on-screen action. This is especially common for arcade racing games from Sega, such as "Hang-On" (1985), "Out Run" (1986), "Virtua Racing" (1992), "Daytona USA" (1993), and the "Initial D Arcade Stage" series.
Layout.
Full motion racing simulators are usually manufactured from steel or aluminum with mounting mechanisms for car controls, such as:
Ergonomics may also attempt to replicate the vehicle being simulated.
Different implementations of 6DOF.
In motion simulation simulators, the cockpit or the occupant's seat is moved in coordination with a graphical output. Different examples of racing simulators with motion exist, some of which provide motion only to the driver's seat, and others that move the entire simulator cockpit including all car controls. Further differentiation exists regarding visual display technology and whether the simulators graphical output moves with, and stays relative to the sim, or is static and motionless.
The SimCraft APEX6 GTS and Cruden are examples of full motion racing simulators implemented in different ways, but both offer motion simulation on all 6 of the degrees of freedom. The Cruden system utilizes a Stewart Platform while SimCraft utilizes a proprietary "Physics based" approach with independent degrees of freedom.


Lisa Cooper

Lisa A. Cooper (born 1963) is an internal medicine and public health physician, and the Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Equity in Health and Healthcare at Johns Hopkins University, jointly appointed in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and in the departments of Health, Behavior and Society, Health Policy and Management; Epidemiology; and International Health in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She is the James F. Fries Professor of Medicine in the Division of General Internal Medicine, Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity, and Director of the Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute. Dr. Cooper is also a Gilman Scholar and a core faculty member in the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research. She is internationally recognized for her research on the impact of race, ethnicity and gender on the patient-physician relationship and subsequent health disparities. In 2007, she received a MacArthur Fellowship ”genius” grant from the MacArthur Foundation.
Biography.
Dr. Cooper was born in Liberia, West Africa, to a mother who is a librarian, and a physician father. She attended the American Cooperative School in Liberia until tenth grade, and the International School of Geneva, in Switzerland, for her last two years of high school before moving to the United States to attend college. She graduated from Emory University with a B.A. in chemistry in 1984 and from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine with an M.D., in 1988. After completing her internship and residency in internal medicine at the University of Maryland Medical System, she became board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 1991. She then went to Johns Hopkins University, where she obtained an M.P.H. in 1993. There, she completed a general internal medicine fellowship the following year before joining the university faculty.
In 2011, Governor Martin O'Malley created the Maryland Health Care Quality and Costs Council through an executive order, and Dr. Cooper was appointed as co-chair of its Cultural Competency Workgroup. Dr. Cooper has testified in congressional hearings in support of funding for health disparities research, equity in healthcare delivery, and diversity and inclusion in the healthcare workforce. In 2019, Dr. Cooper testified at the Energy and Commerce Committee hearing on "Investing in America's Health Care" in support of reauthorizing the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI).
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity
Dr. Cooper is the founder and director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity (originally called the Johns Hopkins Center to Eliminate Cardiovascular Health Disparities). The Center, established in 2010, uses a comprehensive strategy to promote equity in health and health care for vulnerable populations: it advances scientific knowledge, educates and trains scholars, engages and partners with communities, raises public awareness of health inequities, and advocates for changes in clinical practice and policy. The Center has made strides towards realizing the goal of health equity in Baltimore and serves as a model for community-academic partnerships in other urban areas, across the country and globally, plagued by similar health disparities.
Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute (UHI)
Dr. Cooper was appointed as the director of the UHI in April 2020, just as racial disparities in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths from the novel coronavirus were becoming more evident in the US. Dr. Cooper is executing a new vision for the institute's future as a vital partner in the health of Baltimore City. The mission of the UHI is to advance health and health equity in Baltimore by: facilitating collaborations between communities, universities, and healthcare delivery systems to build collective capacity for achieving health equity in Baltimore; mobilizing resources in support of promising strategies to achieve substantial gains in the health and well-being of Baltimore residents; and advancing understanding and dialogue by including community voices to build trust and enhance pathways to health, well-being, and social justice in Baltimore.
Research.
Dr. Cooper’s research has focused on the physician-patient relationship and how race and ethnicity factor into the quality of patient care. The interventions she has tested include patient-centered strategies to overcome racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. She has pioneered approaches for reducing healthcare disparities among minority populations through culturally tailored education programs and patient-centered communication training. Her most highly cited paper is a 1999 article in the "Journal of the American Medical Association" (JAMA) that analyzed the role race plays in the patient-physician relationship. The study demonstrated that minority patients found that their physicians involved them in the decision-making process at lower levels than non-minorities did, and that patients seeing physicians of their own race also rated the decision-making process as more participatory than patients seeing physicians of another race. The first of its kind, this study revealed that differences in the relationship between the patient and physician may be a key factor underlying the already established inequitable quality of health care based on a person's race and ethnicity. Dr. Cooper’s research contributed greatly to two paradigm shifts in healthcare research: patient-centeredness and health disparities. Her research documented the existence of disparities in the quality of medical communication experienced by African Americans and other ethnic minorities compared to whites, and the contribution of implicit racial bias and stereotyping behaviors among physicians to poorer communication in the visits of African American patients. Her interventions have identified the important role of patient activation and engagement in treatment decisions in reducing disparities in health care quality for chronic conditions.
Publications.
Cooper has published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles in top journals, including "JAMA", Annals of Internal Medicine the "American Journal of Epidemiology", the "American Journal of Public Health", "Medical Care", and the "Journal of General Internal Medicine". She has an h-index of 82. She was named "Highly Cited" by Thomson Reuters in 2014 and 2015.


A Valentine for You

Winnie the Pooh: A Valentine for You is a Valentine's Day special based on A. A. Milne's treasured stories, originally broadcast on ABC February 13, 1999. This is the final role of Paul Winchell as Tigger before his retirement from the role five months after its release. He did, however, voice Tigger for the Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction at Walt Disney World Resort. "A Valentine for You" was released on VHS in 2000 and 2001 also released on DVD in 2004 and 2010.
The special included an original song, "Places in the Heart", by Michael and Patty Silversher.
Plot.
The story begins with Winnie the Pooh searching for Christopher Robin but cannot find him so he goes to Piglet's house to ask Piglet if he had seen him. While talking with Piglet, he struggles to hide the arts and crafts supplies from Pooh but he is able to see what Piglet has been making. He finally admits that he is making a Valentine's Day card for Pooh. He and Piglet leave to find Christopher Robin. They, along with Rabbit, Tigger, Eeyore, and Gopher finally find him sitting near a log and is writing a card to someone called "Winifred". Not sure who that is, they go to ask Owl, who explains that a Winifred is a girl. He points out the reason while Christopher Robin is like this is because he's bitten by a smitten with love sickness. Pooh suggests finding a doctor but Owl shoots that idea down as the smitten is the love bug who can only cure. Tigger suggests finding another smitten to cure him. He sets up a bait with Piglet dressed as a gentleman with a bouquet of flowers who quickly moves off the hill that he is standing on when he realizes that it is an anthill. Pooh then notices a small firefly-like creature on his honey pot, which they assume that it is the smitten, which then flies off into the forest. They then chase after it but after a long search, they begin to worry over what it can do if it bites them. After Rabbit and Tigger describe unusual side effect that a smitten's bite can do in a song, they suddenly spot it and give chase. Pooh follows it down a path, leaving the others behind. Rabbit, Tigger, Gopher, and Eeyore, not sure which way to go, take different paths, leaving Piglet all alone.
Pooh finally catches it in a glass jar but finds himself lost and wonders around the woods until he tumbles down a cliff. Meanwhile, Gopher is still looking for Pooh while dragging who he thinks is Piglet until he realizes that he is pulling on a branch, startling him so much that he lets go and its loud snap scares Rabbit, whose echo scares Piglet, making him hide in a tree with holes. Tigger suddenly gets frightened by the tree that Piglet is hiding in (in which the holes resemble a scary face and Piglet's ears are like eyes) and falls into a pond. Pooh releases the smitten, who leads him to an open field. The others see the smitten's light and follow it to where Pooh is. They realize the smitten is not as scary as they thought after it brought them together from the dark woods. As the smitten reenters Pooh's jar, they proceed to look for Christopher Robin. After finding him, they try to cure him but when Pooh learns how happy he is with his new friend, he changes his mind and frees the smitten, much to his friends' dismay. Believing that his best friend is gone forever, Pooh returns home only to find a Valentine's Day card from Christopher Robin. Rabbit, Piglet, Gopher, Tigger, and Eeyore receive cards of their own while the smitten pays a visit to each of them. Pooh goes to shows Christopher Robin the card he sent him but Pooh wonders why since he had found a new friend. Christopher Robin explains, in song, that he is still his best friend no matter what. The others join them and they all stand on a cliff to watch the beautiful red sunrise on Valentine's Day, ending the story as Pooh and his friends learn that the heart is big and always has room for friends-old and new.


Mingang Doso language

Mingang Doso ("Məŋgáŋ Dosó") is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.


Monica Vitti

Monica Vitti (born Maria Luisa Ceciarelli; 3 November 1931) is an Italian actress best known for her starring roles in films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni during the early-to-mid 1960s. After working with Antonioni, Vitti changed focus and began making comedies, working with director Mario Monicelli on many films. She has appeared with Marcello Mastroianni, Alain Delon, Richard Harris, Terence Stamp, Michael Caine, and Dirk Bogarde.
Vitti won five David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress, seven Italian Golden Globes for Best Actress, the Career Golden Globe, and the Venice Film Festival Career Golden Lion Award.
Early life.
Born Maria Luisa Ceciarelli in Rome, Vitti acted in amateur productions as a teenager, then trained as an actress at Rome's National Academy of Dramatic Arts (graduating in 1953) and at Pittman's College, where she played a teen in a charity performance of Dario Niccodemi's "La nemica". She toured Germany with an Italian acting troupe and her first stage appearance in Rome was for a production of Niccolò Machiavelli's "La Mandragola".
Film career.
Early roles.
Vitti's first film role was an uncredited bit part in Edoardo Anton's "Laugh! Laugh! Laugh!" (1954). She was in "Adriana Lecouvreur" (1955), the TV series "L'alfiere" (1956) and the TV movies "Questi ragazzi" (1956) and "Il tunnel" (1958). She did an episode of "Mont-Oriol" (1958) and dubbed Rosaana Rory's voice in "Big Deal on Madonna Street" (1958).
Vitti's first widely noted performance was at the age of 26, in Mario Amendola's "Le dritte" (1958) with Franco Fabrizi. She was in the TV movie "Il borghese gentiluomo" (1959).
Antonioni.
In 1957 she joined Michelangelo Antonioni's "Teatro Nuovo di Milano" and dubbed the voice of Dorian Gray in the director's "Il Grido" ("The Cry", 1957). She played a leading role in Antonioni's internationally praised film "L'Avventura" (1960), as a detached and cool protagonist drifting into a relationship with the lover of her missing girlfriend. Giving a screen presence which has been described as "stunning", she is also credited with helping Antonioni raise money for the production and sticking with him through daunting location shooting. "L'Avventura" made Vitti an international star. Her image later appeared on an Italian postage stamp commemorating the film. According to "The New York Times", Vitti's "air of disenchantment perfectly conveys the unreal aura of her heroines."
Vitti received critical praise for her starring roles in the Antonioni film "La Notte" ("Night", 1961), with Jeanne Moreau and Marcello Mastroianni. Vitti starred in a TV movie "Le notti bianche" (1962) then did a third with Antonioni, "L'Eclisse" (1962) with Alain Delon.
Vitti was one of many stars in an anthology movie, "Three Fables of Love" (1962). She had a cameo in "Sweet and Sour" (1963) and played the lead in a comedy for Roger Vadim, "Nutty, Naughty Chateau" (1963). Vitti was then in another anthology film "High Infidelity" (1964) and made a fourth with Antonioni, "Il Deserto Rosso" ("Red Desert", 1964), with Richard Harris. The director said Vitti "certainly inspires me, because I like to watch and direct her, but the parts I give her are a long way from her own character."
After Vitti's relationship with Antonioni ended, the two did not work together again until "Il mistero di Oberwald" (1980).
Vitti starred in a comedy for Tinto Brass, "The Flying Saucer" (1964), and appeared in the anthology, "The Dolls" (1964).
International films.
Vitti's first English-language film was "Modesty Blaise" (1966), a mod James Bond spy spoof in which she performed in July 1965. Co starring Terence Stamp and Dirk Bogarde, directed by Joseph Losey, it had only mixed success and received harsh critical reviews.
She performed in the anthology movie "The Queens" (1966), a television series "Les fables de La Fontaine" (1966), "Kill Me Quick, I'm Cold" (1967) with Jean Sorel, and "I Married You for Fun" (1967).
Vitti appeared in "On My Way to the Crusades, I Met a Girl Who..." (1967) with Tony Curtis, "The Girl with a Pistol" (1968) with Stanley Baker, "The Bitch Wants Blood" (1969) with Maurice Ronet, and "Help Me, My Love" (1969) with Alberto Sordi.
1970s.
Vitti starred with Marcello Mastroianni in Ettore Scola's highly successful romantic comedy "Dramma della gelosia" ("The Pizza Triangle", 1970). She followed it with "Ninì Tirabusciò, la donna che inventò la mossa" (1970), "Le coppie" (1970) with Sordi, "The Pacifist" (1970), "La supertestimone" (1971), "That's How We Women Are" (1971), and "Orders Are Orders" (1972).
Vitti was in a version of "La Tosca" (1973) and a comedy "Teresa the Thief" (1973). She made "Polvere di stelle" (1973), directed by Alberto Sordi, for which she won the 1974 David di Donatello award for Best Actress.
Vitti played a key part in one of the episodic vignettes in Luis Buñuel's "The Phantom of Liberty" (1974). She did two films with Claudia Cardinale, "The Immortal Bachelor" (1975) and "Blonde in Black Leather" (1975).
She was in "Duck in Orange Sauce" (1975), "Mimì Bluette... fiore del mio giardino" (1976), "Basta che non si sappia in giro!.." (1977), "L'altra metà del cielo" (1977), "State Reasons" (1978), "Il cilindro" (1978), "Per vivere meglio, divertitevi con noi" (1978), "Amori miei" (1978) and "Tigers in Lipstick" (1979) (with Ursula Andress).
Vitti's second English film was "An Almost Perfect Affair" (1979), directed by Michael Ritchie and co-starring Keith Carradine, which was set during the Cannes Film Festival.
Later career.
Vitti reunited with Antonioni in "The Mystery of Oberwald" ("Il mistero di Oberwald", 1980). She followed it in "I Don't Understand You Anymore" (1980), "Camera d'albergo" (1981), "Tango of Jealousy" (1981), "I Know That You Know That I Know" (1982) with Sordi, "Scusa se è poco" (1982), "Flirt" (1983), and "Francesca è mia" (1986). She co wrote the last two films. In 1984 she was awarded the Order of Arts and Letters by French Culture Minister Jack Lang, who praised her for helping spur a renewal of Italian films. "We need Italian cinema to find its health again so that French cinema will not remain an island in the middle of other European countries," Lang said. By 1986, Vitti had returned to the theatre as an actress and teacher.
In 1989, Vitti tried writing and directing, and created "Scandalo Segreto" (1990), which she also starred in alongside Elliott Gould. The film was not a success and she then retired from cinema.
During the 1990s she did television work, acting and directing, including "Ma tu mi vuoi bene?" (1992).
In 1993 Vitti was awarded the Festival Tribute at the Créteil International Women's Film Festival, in France.
Personal life.
Michelangelo Antonioni and Vitti met in the late 1950s, and their relationship grew stronger after "L'Avventura" was made, because it had shaped both their careers. However, by the late 1960s, they ceased working on films, making the relationship strained until it officially ended. In a later interview, Vitti stated that Antonioni ended their relationship.
In 1995, Vitti married Roberto Russo, with whom she had lived since 1975. She made her last public appearance in 2002 at the Paris premiere of the stage-musical Notre-Dame de Paris.In 2011, it was learned that Alzheimer's disease had "removed her from the public gaze for the last 15 years." In 2018, her husband confirmed she is still living at home with him in Rome and that he looks after her personally, with the assistance of a caregiver.


Shelley Berman

Sheldon Leonard Berman (February 3, 1925 – September 1, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, writer, teacher, and lecturer.
In his comedic career, he was awarded three gold records and he won the first Grammy Award for a spoken comedy recording in 1959. He played Larry David's father on "Curb Your Enthusiasm", a role for which he received a 2008 Emmy Award nomination.
Berman taught humor writing at the University of Southern California for more than 20 years.
Early life and education.
Berman was born in Chicago, the son of Irene (née Marks) and Nathan Berman. He was Jewish.
He served in the Navy during World War II. He then enrolled in Chicago's Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago (now at DePaul University) as a drama student. There he met fellow student Sarah Herman; they married in 1947. His acting career began with an acting company in Woodstock, Illinois. Leaving Woodstock in 1949, the couple made their way to New York City. He studied acting at the HB Studio. To make ends meet, Berman found employment as a social director, cab driver, speech teacher, assistant manager of a drug store, and a dance instructor at Arthur Murray Dance Studios.
Eventually, Berman found work as a sketch writer for "The Steve Allen Plymouth Show".
Career.
Early career.
Berman began as a straight actor, receiving his training at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago, honing his acting skills in stock companies in and around Chicago and New York City.
In the mid-1950s, he became a member of Chicago's Compass Players, which later evolved into The Second City. While performing improvised sketches with Compass, Berman began to develop solo pieces, often employing an imaginary telephone to take the place of an onstage partner.
Nightclubs and live performances.
In 1957, Berman was hired as a comedian at Mister Kelly's in Chicago, which led to other nightclub bookings, and a recording contract with Verve Records. His comedy albums earned him three gold records and he won the first Grammy Award for a spoken comedy recording. Berman appeared on numerous television specials and all of the major variety shows of the day.
He starred on Broadway in "A Family Affair" and continued with stage work in "The Odd Couple", "Damn Yankees", "Where's Charley?", "Fiddler on the Roof", "Two by Two", "I'm Not Rappaport", "La Cage aux Folles", "The Prisoner of Second Avenue" and "Guys & Dolls".
Berman's voice was used as the inspiration for the voice of the Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Fibber Fox, performed by Daws Butler.
Television career.
Berman portrayed the role of Mendel Sorkin in an episode of CBS's "Rawhide" ("The Peddler", 1962).
Berman also appeared fairly regularly as a panelist (and once as the "Mystery Guest") on the famous CBS game show "What's My Line" in the early and mid-1960s.
Berman performed both comedic and dramatic roles on television, including appearances on episodes of "The Twilight Zone" (both radio and TV versions), "Bewitched", "Peter Gunn", "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", "Adam-12"," Emergency!", "Brothers", "Night Court", "MacGyver", "L.A. Law", "Friends", "Walker, Texas Ranger", "The King of Queens", "Grey's Anatomy", "Boston Legal", "Lizzie McGuire", "Hannah Montana", "" and the revived "Hawaii Five-0". He also had a recurring role on the short-lived sitcom "Walter & Emily.
From 2002 to 2009, Berman appeared as Larry David's aged father on "Curb Your Enthusiasm", a role for which he received a 2008 Emmy Award nomination.
Film career.
Among Berman's film credits are "Dementia" (1955, with Shorty Rogers), "The Best Man" (1964, with Henry Fonda and Cliff Robertson), "Divorce American Style" (1967, with Dick Van Dyke and Debbie Reynolds), "Every Home Should Have One" (1970, with Marty Feldman), "Beware! The Blob" (1972, with Robert Walker Jr.), "Rented Lips" (1988, with Martin Mull and Robert Downey Jr.), "Teen Witch" (1989, with Robyn Lively and Zelda Rubinstein), "The Last Producer" (2000, with Burt Reynolds), "Meet the Fockers" (2004, with Robert De Niro and Ben Stiller), "The Holiday" (2006, with Cameron Diaz), and "You Don't Mess with the Zohan" (2008, with Adam Sandler).
Late career.
For over 20 years, Berman was a lecturer (later lecturer emeritus) in humor writing in the Master of Professional Writing program at the University of Southern California. He was also a teacher for the Improv Olympics program.
Personal life.
Berman married Sarah Herman on April 19, 1947. The two met while they were studying acting at Chicago's Goodman Theatre.
In the mid-1960s, Berman and wife Sarah adopted two children, son Joshua and daughter Rachel. The Bermans were planning Joshua's bar mitzvah when he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. Joshua died on October 29, 1977 at age 12.
Berman and his wife were both enthusiastic supporters of the Motion Picture and Television Fund (located in Woodland Hills, California), a charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries with limited or no resources, and contributed their time and resources to the benefit of the facilities and the residents.
In the 1980s, the Chamber of Commerce in Canoga Park, California selected Berman to be one of the celebrities to serve a term as honorary mayor of Canoga Park.
Allegation of plagiarism.
In a 2012 podcast interview with Marc Maron, Berman alleged that comedian Bob Newhart plagiarized his improvisational telephone routine style, describing its genesis and saying it was a "very special technique that couldn't really be imitated. It could be stolen. And it was." He continued, "I was coming to work at night and a guy stopped his car, passed me by, and said 'Hey, Shelley! There's a guy [who] stole your act!'" When asked by Maron if it was done maliciously, Berman replied, "Maliciously? He wouldn't do it maliciously. Nobody does that. But he did it to make a living. And he became a star."
When asked in interviews about the telephone issue, Bob Newhart noted that:
Shelley Berman did it before I did it. Mike (Nichols) and Elaine (May) did a version of it. There was a thing called 'Cohen on the Telephone,' which was a very, very early recording by Edison [Records] of a guy on the phone...George Jessel had a radio show...At the end, he would call up his mother and tell her how the show had gone. As a kid growing up, I remember listening to him and he would call his mother up and say, 'Mama, this is Georgie'" – he paused, skillfully – "'from the money.'"
On his website, comedy writer Mark Rothman discussed the history of comic "telephone" monologists, who dated the routine as far back as the 1920s, George Jessel who was doing phone conversations with his mother in vaudeville, with the opening line "Hello Mama? This is Georgie." In the 30s and 40s there was this radio comedienne named Arlene Harris, often referred to as Arlene "Chatterbox" Harris, who did telephone monologues to one of her "friends." In the 50s, a great comedienne, Betty Walker, made about a zillion appearances on "The Ed Sullivan Show", doing essentially the same kind of act as Arlene Harris. All of this pre-dated Shelley Berman. Even Mike Nichols and Elaine May, who were contemporaries of Berman's at Second City, engaged in telephone dialogues, with very similar styled material.
Death.
Berman died from Alzheimer's disease-related complications at his home in Bell Canyon, California, in the early morning of September 1, 2017. He was 92 years old. His archive was donated to the National Comedy Center in Jamestown, New York.
Comedian Steve Martin praised Berman on Twitter, thanking him for "changing modern stand-up [comedy]". Marc Maron also tweeted praising "Shelley Berman has hung up the phone. RIP. The guy who inspired me to sit. Great comic."


Kranjska Gora subdialect

The Kranjska Gora subdialect (, "kranjskogorsko podnarečje") is a Slovene subdialect of the Gail Valley dialect in the Carinthian dialect group. It was included among the Carinthian dialects by Tine Logar and Jakob Rigler () in contrast to its earlier classification by Fran Ramovš as an Upper Carniolan dialect.
Phonological and morphological characteristics.
The Kranjska Gora subdialect is characterized by open "e" and "o" as reflexes of nasal *"ę" and nasal *"ǫ", development of long "ə" > "e" instead of "a" (e.g., "ves" 'village'; cf. standard Slovene "vas"), akanye, final "-i" > close "-e", retention of soft "ľ" and "ń", "k" > "ť" or "tj" before front vowels, both long and short infinitive forms, and the verbal thematic vowel "-i-" > "-e-".


A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving

A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving is a 1998 made-for-TV special featuring the voice talents of Jim Cummings, Paul Winchell, and John Fiedler. The special shows Pooh and his friends learning the true meaning of Thanksgiving. It was nominated for Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Children's Program.
Plot.
It's Thanksgiving in the Hundred Acre Wood and Winnie the Pooh and his friends bring food for the feast. Pooh brings honey, Piglet brings acorns, Gopher brings lemonade, Owl brings biscuits, Eeyore brings thistles, and Tigger brings ice cream. But Rabbit tells them that they need a real feast with turkey, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie and sends them on a scavenger hunt to get them (Eeyore and Tigger to pick the cranberries, Gopher to gather pumpkins for the pie, and Pooh and Piglet to get the turkey).
Broadcast.
The special originally aired Thanksgiving Day 1998 at 8 pm on ABC. It reaired every year on Thanksgiving until 2003. According to TVTango.com's ratings database, the first airing brought in a 3.8 household Nielsen rating.
Home video.
The video has been released by itself in the United States, with the exception of specially released tapes that were given to members of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences for that year's show. It was released as part of the VHS cassette "" along with select episodes of "The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh" in 1999.


Angela Bowen

Angela Bowen (February 6, 1936 – July 12, 2018) was an American dance teacher, English professor, writer, and a lesbian rights activist. She was also the subject of an award winning 2016 documentary.
Early life.
Bowen was born on February 6, 1936 in Boston, Massachusetts in an African-American family. She was the sixth of seven children. She lost her father at the age of 2. Bowen trained and taught at the Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts in Roxbury from age 14 to 22.
Bowen graduated in 1992 from the College of Public and Community Service at University of Massachusetts Boston, where she earned a bachelor's degree in Human Services. She earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. from Clark University, where she wrote the first dissertation about Audre Lorde: ""Who Said it was Simple:  Audre Lorde’s Complex Connections to Three U.S. Liberation Movements, 1952-1992”" The final chapter, "All These Liberations", is included in "The Wind is Spirit: The Life, Love, and Legacy of Audre Lorde," a Lambda Literary Award winning bio/anthology by Gloria Joseph. Bowen's doctorate was one of the first Ph.D.'s granted in Women's Studies in the United States.
Career.
Bowen co-founded the Bowen/Peters School of Dance with her then husband, drummer Ken Peters in New Haven, Connecticut in 1963. The school closed down in 1982. After the school's closure, Bowen and Peters divorced and she came out as a lesbian. Bowen became a gay rights activist and served on the board of the National Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gays. She eventually became the co-chair of the organization and served as the editor of the group's magazine. Bowen appeared on a number of television and radio programs, including WBZ-TV and BET to speak about gay rights and feminism.
After receiving her doctorate from Clark in 1997, Bowen became a professor of English and Women's Studies at California State University, Long Beach. She was the first Black woman to join the staff of the Women's Studies department at CSULB in the program's thirty year history. She remained involved with activism while she taught and was the keynote speaker at CSULB's first Lavender Graduation ceremony.
Bowen was the subject of the 2016 documentary, "The Passionate Pursuits of Angela Bowen", by her partner Jennifer Abod and Mary Duprey. which won Best Documentary in the "Women's History U.S." category at the 2017 To the Contrary About Women and Girls film festival.
In addition to being subject of books and documentaries, Bowen was an accomplished writer in her life. In addition to her academic writings, she was also a contributor to Gay Community News. In 2017, Bowen was honored for her work and activism by the Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice with their Acey Social Justice Feminist Award. The award is given to lesbian, queer or trans people over the age of sixty-two in recognition for their activism and contributions to their respective communities.
Personal life and death.
Bowen first married Ken Peters in the 1960s; they had three children. They divorced in the 1980s, when she came out as a lesbian. Bowen met Jennifer Abod at a Take Back the Night rally in New Haven in 1979. They married in 2013. She suffered from Alzheimer's disease.
Bowen died on July 12, 2018 in Long Beach, California, at 82.


Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written Musical

The Writers Guild Award for Best Written Musical was an award presented from 1949 to 1969 by the Writers Guild of America, after which it was discontinued.


Sanjay Gupta

Sanjay Gupta ( ; born October 23, 1969) is an American neurosurgeon, medical reporter, and writer. He serves as associate chief of the neurosurgery service at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, associate professor of neurosurgery at the Emory University School of Medicine, and chief medical correspondent for CNN.
Gupta is known for his many TV appearances on health-related issues. During the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, he has been a frequent contributor to numerous CNN shows covering the crisis, as well as hosting a weekly town hall with Anderson Cooper. Gupta was the host of the CNN show "Sanjay Gupta MD" for which he has won multiple Emmy Awards. Gupta also hosted the 6 part mini series "Chasing Life". He is a frequent contributor to other CNN programs such as "American Morning", "Larry King Live", "CNN Tonight", and "Anderson Cooper 360°". His reports from Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina led to him winning a 2006 Emmy Award for "Outstanding Feature Story in a Regularly Scheduled Newscast". He is also a special correspondent for CBS News.
Sanjay Gupta also co-hosts the health conference Life Itself, along with Marc Hodosh (co-creator of TEDMED). Gupta published a column in "Time" magazine and has written four books: "Chasing Life", "Cheating Death", "Monday Mornings: A Novel", and "Keep Sharp" (Jan 2021).
Early life and education.
Gupta was born in Novi, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. In the 1960s, Gupta's parents, Subhash and Damyanti Gupta, moved from India prior to their marriage and met in Livonia, Michigan, where they worked as engineers for Ford Motor Company. His mother was born in the village of Tharushah in Sindh (now Pakistan), but at age 5 fled to India as a Hindu refugee during the Partition of India. Gupta and his younger brother Suneel graduated from Novi High School and Gupta went on to receive his Bachelor of Science degree in biomedical sciences at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and his M.D. degree from the University of Michigan Medical School in 1993. He was part of Inteflex, a since discontinued accelerated medical education program that accepted medical students directly from high school.
As an undergraduate, Gupta worked as an orientation leader for the freshman orientation program and was a member of the Men's Glee Club. He also served as president of the Indian American Students Association (IASA), which is now the second-largest student organization at the university.
Gupta completed his residency in neurological surgery within the University of Michigan Health System, in 2000, followed by a fellowship at the Semmes Murphy Clinic, in Memphis, Tennessee.
Gupta plays the accordion, having taken ten years of lessons, as he noted in an interview with David Hochman for "Playboy".
Career.
Medical practice.
Gupta is an Emory Healthcare general neurosurgeon at Grady Memorial Hospital and has worked on spine, trauma and 3‑D‑image-guided operations. He has published medical journal articles on percutaneous pedicle screw placement, brain tumors, and spinal cord abnormalities. He is licensed to practice medicine in Georgia.
During his reporting in Haiti following the January 2010 earthquake, Gupta received a call from the aircraft carrier USS "Carl Vinson" that an earthquake victim, a 12-year-old girl, was aboard and needed a neurosurgeon. Gupta, a pediatric surgeon, Henri Ford, and two U.S. Navy doctors removed a piece of concrete from the girl's skull in an operation performed aboard the "Vinson". Ford later wrote that Gupta "proved to be a competent neurosurgeon".
From 1997 to 1998, he served as one of fifteen White House Fellows, primarily as an advisor to Hillary Clinton. In January 2009, it was reported that Gupta was offered the position of Surgeon General of the United States in the Obama Administration, but he withdrew his name from consideration.
Broadcast journalism, television, film and events.
Gupta joined CNN in the summer of 2001. He reported from New York following the attacks on the U.S. on Sept. 11, 2001.
In 2003, Gupta traveled to Iraq to cover the medical aspects of the invasion of Iraq. While in Iraq, Gupta performed emergency surgery on both US soldiers and Iraqi civilians. Gupta was embedded with a Navy medical unit at the time, specifically a group of Corpsman called the "Devil Docs", who supported the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. Marine Sergeant Jesus Vindaña suffered a rear gunshot wound, and the Marines asked for Gupta's assistance because of his background in neurosurgery. Vindaña survived and was sent back to the United States for rehabilitation.
In December 2006, CBS News president Sean McManus negotiated a deal with CNN that would have Gupta file up to ten reports a year for the "CBS Evening News with Katie Couric" and "60 Minutes" while remaining CNN's chief medical correspondent and associate chief of neurosurgery at Grady Memorial Hospital.
On October 14, 2007, Gupta guest-hosted a health episode of "CBS News Sunday Morning" as its regular host Charles Osgood was on vacation. In February 2009, Gupta hosted "AC360" covering the White House Health Summit. He also guest hosted "Larry King Live" in October 2009. In January 2010, Gupta and Cooper led CNN's coverage of the earthquake in Haiti. Gupta has regularly appeared on the "Late Show with David Letterman", "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson", "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart", "Real Time with Bill Maher" and "the Oprah Winfrey Show". Winfrey referred to Gupta as CNN's hero in January 2010.
In 2011, Gupta portrayed himself in the movie "Contagion", which has received much renewed attention during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.
His novel "Monday Mornings" became an instant "New York Times" bestseller on its release in March 2012. It was adapted as a 2013 television series with David E. Kelley and Gupta serving as executive producers.
In a 2013 editorial, Gupta announced that in the process of working on a documentary about marijuana he had changed his mind about the drug's risks and benefits. Gupta had previously criticized laws that allowed patient access to medical marijuana, but he reversed his stance, saying, "I am here to apologize," and, "We have been terribly and systematically misled for nearly 70 years in the United States, and I apologize for my own role in that." The third part of his 3-hour documentary, "Weed 3: The Marijuana Revolution", was released in April 2015.
Gupta served as a commentator on the University of Michigan TeamCast with former Wolverines kicker Jay Feely for the school's appearance in the 2018 NCAA Men's Final Four, which aired on CNN sibling TNT.
In April 2019, "Chasing Life" was adapted as a six-show TV miniseries on CNN that took him to Japan, India, Bolivia, Norway, Italy, and Turkey.
In September 2019, Gupta and Marc Hodosh (Co-Creator of TEDMED) announced a new event called Life Itself in partnership with CNN. Both Gupta and Hodosh will serve as hosts and organizers.
On February 2, 2021, it was announced Gupta will be a guest host on the quiz show "Jeopardy!".
Surgeon General candidate.
On January 6, 2009, CNN announced that Gupta had been considered for the position of Surgeon General by President-elect Barack Obama.
Some doctors said that his communication skills and high-profile would allow him to highlight medical issues and prioritize medical reform. Others raised concerns about potential conflicts of interest with drug companies who have sponsored his broadcasts and his lack of skepticism in weighing the costs and benefits of medical treatments.
Representative John Conyers, Jr. (D-MI), wrote a letter opposing Gupta's nomination. Conyers supported a single-payer health care system; Gupta has criticized Michael Moore and his film Sicko.
From the medical community, Donna Wright, of Creative Health Care Management, a regular commentator on medicine and politics, also defended the appointment on the grounds of his media presence, combined with his medical qualifications, which she viewed as an ideal combination for the post of surgeon general. Likewise, Fred Sanfilippo, executive vice president for health affairs at Emory University, supported Gupta's nomination by issuing a press release saying: "He has the character, training, intelligence and communications skills needed to help the United States improve its health and health care delivery systems in the next Administration." The American Council on Exercise, listed by PR Newswire as "America's leading authority on fitness and one of the largest fitness certification, education and training organizations in the world", endorsed the nomination of Gupta
"because of his passion for inspiring Americans to lead healthier, more active lives". The ACE sent a letter of support to senator Edward M. Kennedy. Former surgeon general Joycelyn Elders also supported Gupta's nomination, saying: "He has enough well-trained, well-qualified public health people to teach him the things he needs to do the job." In March 2009 Gupta withdrew his name from consideration for the post, citing his family and his career.
Criticisms.
Some journalists and journalism professors specializing in health care have criticized the quality of Gupta's coverage. Trudy Lieberman, a regular "Nation" contributor on healthcare and director of the health and medicine reporting program at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, reviewed Gupta's "ineptitude" in reporting on the McCain health plan. Lieberman criticized Gupta for relying on insurance industry statistics, and a health expert quoted by Lieberman said that Gupta's reporting "gives a gross oversimplification".
Peter Aldhous criticized Gupta's "enthusiasm for many forms of medical screening – even when the scientific evidence indicates that it may not benefit patients". He and other medical journalists accuse him of a "pro-screening bias" in promoting widespread electrocardiogram and prostate cancer screening, even though medical authorities like the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend against it.
Writing in "CounterPunch", Pam Martens criticized Gupta's promotion of Merck's HPV vaccine Gardasil, including repeated assertions that it prevented cervical cancer years before clinical trials had proven that to be true, and without disclosing the financial arrangements between CNN and Merck; she also criticized his downplaying of the risks of Vioxx for cardiovascular events, for which he stated that he drew his conclusions from having "talked to the makers of Vioxx, the Merck company"; and for his involvement in AccentHealth, a health infomercial site that presents itself as patient education and is played in physician waiting rooms and does not in her view adequately disclose its promotional nature. Studies have since shown the efficacy of the Gardasil vaccine in helping to reduce cervical cancer risk, which led the Centers for Disease Control to strongly recommend the vaccine for girls and women ages 11–26.
Gary Schwitzer, professor of health journalism at the University of Minnesota School of Journalism and now an editor at "Health News Review", has also criticized Gupta's reporting.
Michael Moore dispute.
A July 9, 2007, broadcast of CNN's "The Situation Room" aired a fact-check segment by Gupta on Michael Moore's 2007 film "Sicko" in which Gupta stated that Moore had "fudged facts".
Immediately following the segment, Moore was interviewed live on CNN by Wolf Blitzer. Moore said that Gupta's report was inaccurate and biased and Moore later posted a detailed response on his website. Moore accused CNN of being biased in favor of the drug industry because most of the sponsors for their medical coverage were drug companies.
On July 10, 2007, Gupta debated Moore on "Larry King Live"; on July 15, CNN released a statement in response to Michael Moore's rebuttal. In it, they apologized for an error in their on-air report, having stated that in the film Moore reported Cuba spends $25 per person for health care when the film actually gave that number as $251. CNN attributed this to a transcription error. CNN defended the rest of Gupta's report responding point-by-point to Moore's response, contending that comparison of data from different sources in different years was in effect cherry picking results, at the cost of statistical accuracy.
Honors.
On April 28, 2012, Gupta was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree for his accomplishments in the medical field. He also gave the commencement address at the spring commencement ceremony held in the University of Michigan Stadium. On June 12, 2016, Gupta addressed the Oregon Health & Science University graduating class of 2016. On May 23, 2019, Gupta presented the commencement address to the Albert Einstein College of Medicine class of 2019.
In October 2019, Gupta was elected to the National Academy of Medicine, to join its 2019 class consisting of 100 members, one of the highest honors in medicine.
In 2003, Gupta was also named one of the sexiest men of the year by "People" magazine.
Gupta was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021.
Personal life.
Gupta is married to Rebecca Olson, a family law attorney. They were married in 2004 in a Hindu wedding ceremony. They live in Atlanta and have three daughters.


Cerkno dialect

The Cerkno dialect (, "cerkljanščina") is a Slovene dialect in the Rovte dialect group. It is spoken in mostly in the municipalities of Cerkno and Idrija in western Slovenia. Unlike many other dialects from the same dialect group, which have suffered a loss in the number of speakers due to emigration and urbanization, the Cerkno dialect remains widely spoken and it is recognized in the wider Slovenian Littoral region for its distinctive phonetic features.
Geographical extension.
It is spoken in the watersheds of the Trebuščica, Kanomljica, Idrijca (from Idrija to beyond Dolenja Trebuša), and Cerknica rivers. It includes the settlements of Cerkno, Šentviška Gora, Gorenji Novaki, Dolenji Novaki, Vojsko, Otalež, and Spodnja Idrija.
Phonological and morphological characteristics.
The Cerkno dialect lacks pitch accent. The dialect has complete akanye, prominent quantitative contrasts between accented long and short vowels, shortened diphthongs, innovative Slovenian palatalization of "k, g, h" (e.g., "ščìera" < "sekira" 'axe'), and fronting of "a" > "e". It has undergone the lenition of "g" > [ɦ], long yat > "i", short "ə" > "ò", "w" > "j" before "e" and "i", and short accented "i" > "è" and "u" > "ò". Final "-b" > "ph/f" and final "-d" > "th/t". Soft "l" > "(j)l", soft "n" > "(j)n", and hard "l" > Ø.
Other.
The Slovenian singer-songwriter Iztok Mlakar has performed several songs in this dialect ("Pubi usidma se," "Var se čeča," "Očenaš").


Canning College

Canning College is a specialist international education institution delivering programs that provide international students with pathways into universities. It delivers programs for Year 10, Year 11, Year 12 (WA Certificate of Education and WA Universities' Foundation Program), Certificate IV (in University Access Program) and Diploma of Commerce. Canning College is located on Marquis Street in Bentley, a suburb situated south-east of Perth, Western Australia.
Established in 1982 by the WA Department of Education, the College initially provided secondary and tertiary-preparation education for domestic and fee-paying international students completing senior secondary programs or their equivalent. Since 2019 the College has provided education to fee-paying international students only. In 2017, Canning College provided education to approximately 400 international students from approximately twelve countries.
Programs.
Canning College provides a number of education programs:


Trimphone

The Trimphone is a model of telephone designed in the late-1960s in the UK. It was positioned as a more fashionable alternative to the standard telephones available from the Post Office Telephones, the nationalised predecessor to British Telecom. The name is an acronym standing for Tone Ring Illuminator Model, referring to the then innovative electronic ringer ("warbling", as opposed to the traditional bell) and the illuminated dial. The luminous dial or betalight contained the mildly radioactive element tritium, which later caused some concern about safety. In June 1991 the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority at Harwell was fined £3,000 by Wantage Magistrates Court for accumulating radioactive waste, having collected several thousand Trimphone luminous dials in a skip.
Although a later model featured buttons that did not light up instead of the original dial, it continued to be known as the Trimphone. Consumers were divided as to its aesthetic merits, and some models required rewiring in order to connect to the public phone network in the UK.
The innovative design by Martyn Rowlands for Standard Telephones and Cables (STC), won a Design Centre award in 1966. It originated from an initial idea in 1959 for a luxury telephone to add to the Post Office's range. Towards the end of 1963 it chose this design although it considered others including a submission from GEC. In 1964 the GPO placed a contract for 10,000 units.
The Trimphone started life in 1964 as the Telephone No. 712, which was usually supplied as a 712L with an alphabetical as well as numerical dial. The Trimphone was the first in the GPO range to use a tone caller which warbled at around 2350 Hz modulated by ringing current. The volume of the ringer gradually built up over the first few cycles. There is a volume control in the base of the telephone with 'loud', 'medium' and 'soft' settings (a silent setting was achieved by slackening off a screw on the tone ringer board inside the phone).
Production of the new telephone commenced in 1965 by STC, and an initial quantity of 1000 was offered to customers on a selective trial basis in the London North West Telephone Area in the same year. It became available throughout the country in 1968, at extra rental cost, with a choice of three two-tone colour schemes: grey-white, grey-green and two-tone blue. The first example of the Trimphone was presented in May 1965 by the Postmaster General, Tony Benn, to a newlywed couple in Hampstead in a ceremony marking the ten millionth telephone to be installed in Britain. By 1980 there were 1.6 million Trimphones in use out of a total telephone population at that time of 27 million.
There was also some concern about the luminescent dial that glowed green in the dark. This effect came from a small glass tube of tritium gas, which gave off beta radiation, which in turn energized light-producing phosphors and made the dial fluoresce. Although the radioactivity was equivalent only to that given off by a wristwatch it was felt wise to withdraw this facility as public concern over radioactivity grew.
Another problem with the dial version of the Trimphone was its light weight; 0.8 kg compared with 1.4 kg for the 700-type and 2.6 kg for the 300-type telephone. This led to the complaint that on slippery surfaces the telephone turned and slid whilst dialling. The fix for this was to wet the feet and the phone stuck to the table.
After a number of different modifications, the definitive version of the Trimphone, the 2/722 was introduced in 1971. These were supplied with an all figure dial, although earlier variants of the 722 with lettered dials do exist.
The first keypad version of the Trimphone appeared in 1977 - somewhat delayed by the problem of packaging the signalling electronics into the small volume of the Trimphone. The problem was alleviated by marginally increasing the height of the case compared to the dial version. The first design of keypad Trimphone to achieve large-scale production was the SC version (Tele 766); this design incorporates relays, but does not require batteries. Subsequent designs eased the packaging problems further by eliminating the relays and introducing transistor pulsing. An MF4 (Touch-tone) design had to await the development of an integrated circuit to replace the bulky coils and capacitors otherwise needed. This was introduced in 1979 (Tele 786).
The next incarnation of the Trimphone was the Deltaphone, a deluxe version of the Trimphone with a case bound in leather.
By 1980 Trimphones had been around for some 15 years and needed revamping for the new era of competition.
The final incarnation (or rather reincarnation) was a collection of alternative colour range Trimphones called the Phoenix phone or 'Snowdon Collection'. BT, as the GPO had become, fitted these with the new plug-socket connection and they were available, not to rent, but for outright purchase.
Various rotary dial 722 Trimphones:
Images of various push button 766 Trimphones:


University of Pittsburgh College of General Studies

The College of General Studies (CGS) is one of the 17 schools within the University of Pittsburgh located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The College of General Studies offers programs of special interest to adults and non-traditional students, including baccalaureate degrees (BA/BS) and standalone certificates. The administration of the College of General Studies is overseen by the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences.
History.
The College of General Studies evolved from the 1908 Downtown Division of the Pittsburgh Academy. It became the Department of Afternoon, Saturday and Evening Studies in 1911 when it moved from Downtown to Oakland and began offering a limited number of off-campus courses. By 1920, Pitt had expanded its off-campus offerings to 19 locations in western Pennsylvania and Ohio, including Erie and Youngstown. In 1932, Pitt established the University Extension Division, which became known informally as the evening program, with its director reporting directly to the chancellor. On March 11, 1958, the Pitt Board of Trustees, following a recommendation by then Chancellor Edward Litchfield, approved the establishment of the School of General Studies primarily as an alternative for adults wishing to continuing education. Enrollment in the School of General Studies peaked at 18,930 during the 1974–75 academic year, the vast majority of which were part-time students. In 1981, the School of General Studies was renamed the College of General Studies to reflect that its degree was comparable to an Arts and Sciences degree. In the early 1990s, the College of General Studies offered as many as 30 degree majors, which was downgraded to ten in 1998–99 in order to eliminate duplication with majors offered in other Pitt units. In 2002 the McCarl Center for Nontraditional Student Success open followed by a major restructuring of the College of General Studies in 2003. The Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, for those 50 years old and older, and CGSOnline was established in 2005.
McCarl Center for Nontraditional Student Success.
Originally located on the fourth floor of the Cathedral of Learning, the $537,000 McCarl Center was opened in 2002 and occupies space that once housed two levels of the main stacks of the University's library. Made possible by a gift from F. James and Foster J.J. McCarl, it serves as resource center for non-traditional students and hosts seminars and events. The space was designed by Alan J. Cueri and his architectural firm Strada, LLC, and includes wood finishes, double-height spaces with high ceilings and windows, a main corridor conceived as an interior street, and many elements that refer to the Cathedral of Learning's Gothic architecture including decorative painted metal columns with contemporary buttress-style arches. The center included a resource library, meeting rooms, and a student lounge, and is staffed with academic advisors and has contains a reception area for the College of General Studies. Three unsigned and undated by glass-encased murals that depict Renaissance painting styles and which have long belonged to the University but are of unknown origin hang in a hallway outside the Center.
The College of General Studies, including the McCarl Center, the Office of Veterans Services, and the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, relocated from the Cathedral of Learning to the first floor of Posvar Hall in May, 2014.
Degrees programs.
Majors offered through the College of General Studies
In addition to these interdisciplinary and flexible bachelor's degree programs, the College of General Studies also offers non-degree admission for students who wish to take individual undergraduate Pitt courses for credit or enroll in a CGS standalone undergraduate certificate. A post-baccalaureate certificate in Accounting is available through CGS in partnership with the College of Business Administration. Other certificates are offered in partnership with the University Center for Social and Urban Research and the Center for National Preparedness.
The College of General Studies offers over 100 courses across its disciplines through PittOnline web based instruction and also has a satellite campus in Butler County.


Danny Bilson

Daniel Bilson (born July 25, 1956) is an American writer, director, and producer of movies, television, video games, and comic books. Together with his frequent collaborator, Paul De Meo, he is best known as the writer for the film "The Rocketeer" (1991) and creator, writer, producer and director for the television series "Viper" (1994, 1996)", The Sentinel" (1996) and "The Flash" (1990). He has written multiple issues of the comic book "The Flash", as well as scripts for multiple video games, including "" (2003). "Da 5 Bloods" (2020), based on a screenplay written by Bilson & De Meo, was released following De Meo’s death.
While actively working as a writer and producer, Bilson is also a tenured faculty member at the University of Southern California (USC), where he holds the positions of Director of USC Games and the Chair of USC's School of Cinema's Interactive Media and Games Division.
Personal life.
Bilson was born into a show business family in Los Angeles, California, the son of Mona (Weichman) and the director Bruce Bilson ("Bewitched", "Get Smart", "Hogan's Heroes"). As a child, he discovered his passion for both storytelling and games, both of which would greatly influence his career.
He has three daughters; his eldest, Rachel Bilson (born on August 25, 1981) is an actress, notable for her role in "The O.C." and "Hart of Dixie" He, his wife Heather Medway, and two younger daughters, Hattie Elizabeth Bilson, born December 19, 2001, and Rosemary, born February 10, 2007, reside in Los Angeles.
Career.
Bilson graduated from California State University, San Bernardino. There he met and teamed up with his best friend and long-time writing partner, Paul DeMeo, and together they founded Pet Fly Productions.
"Trancers".
After graduating from college, Bilson worked aggressively to build a career in the movie business, working as an extra while writing screenplays. Bilson and DeMeo produced their first script, "Trancers" (1985), a noir tale about a time-travelling detective from the future. The movie became a cult classic, and the narrative was so engaging that it evolved into a franchise that generated five sequels. Trancers currently holds an 83% Freshness Score on Rotten Tomatoes.
"Zone Troopers" and "The Wrong Guys".
Bilson debuted as a director for another cult classic "Zone Troopers" (1985), also co-written by DeMeo, a tale of American World War II soldiers who find an alien spacecraft.
Following this, the duo performed the same roles in "The Wrong Guys" (1988) a comedic spoof of boy scouting.
"The Rocketeer".
Bilson and DeMeo began their screenplay adaptation of the comic book "The Rocketeer" in 1985. While writing for Disney, the partners weathered the ups and downs of five years of movie development. The film was released in theaters in 1991, missing key deleted scenes that were only restored years later as part of the home video release. "The Rocketeer" has become one of the most beloved Disney live action films of the '90s, with a recent announcement to reboot it as a film franchise as well as an animated series.
1990s Television and Showrunning.
For most of the 90's, Bilson and DeMeo worked as Executive Producers and creators on various action-adventure and sci-fi series for multiple studios and networks, including the first TV incarnation of The Flash, and multiple action series "Viper", "Human Target," and "The Sentinel."
"Electronic Arts & The Sims".
After a chance meeting with then-President of Electronic Arts in 2000, Don Mattrick, Bilson—an avid tabletop and video gamer his entire life—was brought on as a production lead to focus on guiding creative and narrative IP development at EA. During that time, he was a consulting producer for the video game "The Sims" (2000), as well as creative executive on the EA's Harry Potter video game franchise, working directly with JK Rowling and acting as a liaison between the acclaimed author, EA, and Harry Potter film distributor Warner Bros. He also wrote for multiple EA game franchise, including "Command & Conquer", "Medal of Honor", and "James Bond 007".
THQ.
In 2008, THQ approached Bilson to take on the role of VP of Creative Production, formally taking on the same function there as he had done informally at EA. Executives at the company, after seeing the positive impact his input had on titles in their development pipeline, and his leadership skills when it came to interacting with developers as well marketing staff, promoted him to Executive Vice President of Global Production and Marketing.
In that role, Bilson led over a dozen internally owned production studios, and 30+ marketing, administrative and operations staff at THQ's headquarters in Agoura Hills. One of his first tasks was to develop a clear strategic framework for the inherited portfolio of studios the company owned, as many had previously been purchased without one in place, resulting in the company owning over 20 studios at its peak.
After the painful process of having to streamline staff and studios, Bilson—with his partner DeMeo acting as a narrative design executive—focused on building and cultivating "Core game" franchises, lobbying executives for sufficient production and marketing funds to launch and/or maintain new and ongoing franchises such as Saints Row, Red Faction, Darksiders, MX vs ATV, Homefront, De Blob, and Metro 2033. He also led the launches for new installments of Core licensed IP such as WWE Smackdown vs Raw and the successful launch of the UFC video game franchise.
Despite the positive early results in the Core Business Unit that Bilson managed, the company's outsize investments in its separately led, declining Kids & Family Business Unit continued to drag on its overall financials. After successfully launching a Nintendo Wii peripheral—the uDraw Gaming Tablet—in 2010, executives at THQ made an aggressive investment in launching a uDraw peripheral for the then-new consoles Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in 2011. The product did not sell, resulting in a massive write-off, the shuttering of the Kids & Family division, and sole reliance on the Bilson's Core Games business to drive the company's revenue.
Unfortunately the $100 million shortfall created by uDraw, coupled with ongoing Kids and Family licensing expenses, put the company in dire financial straits from which it never recovered. Bilson left THQ in 2012, succeeded by Jason Rubin, who was the president of THQ before its closure due to bankruptcy on January 23, 2013.
Comics, teaching and writing.
Overlapping with his time at EA and THQ, Bilson and DeMeo continued writing comics, sometimes to support internal THQ IP, but also co-writing "" for DC Comics with actor Adam Brody, as well a mini-series for Wildstorm Comics "called Red Menace".
During his time at EA, Bilson began teaching at the University of Southern California, after being encouraged to do so by his friend and "World of Warcraft" guildmate, Bing Gordon. There he instructs as an adjunct professor at USC School of Cinematic Arts, where he teaches traditional screenwriting, as well as character development and storytelling for video games.
Bilson continues to work full-time as a screenwriter and producer, while teaching part-time at USC, where he was appointed Chair of the USC's Interactive Media and Games Division in 2017.
He was appointed Director of USC Games, a joint education program co-managed by USC's School of Cinematic Arts and USC Viterbi School of Engineering, in March 2019.
Bilson's lifelong writing partner and best friend of over 40 years, Paul De Meo, died in 2018, just prior to the finalization of the sale of a script they co-wrote--"Da 5 Bloods"—to acclaimed writer/director/producer Spike Lee, fresh off his 2019 Academy Award win for Best Adapted Screenplay for the critically acclaimed film "BlacKkKlansman". "Da 5 Bloods" was distributed by Netflix and the film starred Chadwick Boseman, along with Delroy Lindo and Jean Reno.


Agua Fria High School

Agua Fria High School is located in Avondale, Arizona. It is a part of the Agua Fria Union High School District and was its only school until 1999 when Millennium High School was established.
It was established in 1928 as Litchfield Park High School. In 1956, the school relocated to Avondale and obtained its current name. In the 1982-83 school year, it was honored as a Blue Ribbon school.
Fine arts.
Agua Fria offers college preparatory coursework, along with career and technical education. Agua Fria also offers a respected music program; the Night Owl Jazz band regularly performs at jazz festivals throughout the Phoenix Area, and has qualified for the Arizona State Jazz Festival in both 2006, 2007 and 2009 when they were the first jazz ensemble to receive a rating of "superior with distinctions". Also in 2006, the Agua Fria Band of Owls was the first to receive a rating of "superior with distinctions" in the district.
Marching Band.
Agua Fria is home to the Band of Owls marching band under the direction of Jeremy Garcia.
AFHS Fight Song.
The Owl fight song goes as follows,
"Let's win this game;
Go onward Owls, go!
Never to yield
A victory to the foe!
On to the goal;
A gain on every play!
Fight Owls! Fight Owls!
Win this game the same old way!"
Athletics.
Agua Fria's athletic excellence is recognized state and nation wide. With the likes of Hall of Fame inductees Randall McDaniel to more recent stars like Everson Griffen.
A football program that has boasted 5 state championships in Class 4A (1991, 1989, 1988, 1972, 1970). Along with countless NCAA Division 1 athletic scholarships.
The track and field program is also worth recognizing. Under the direction of coach Ted Campbell, as well as Brian Bogen, the Owls morphed into perennial winners. Between 1997 and 2007, the boys' track team had a duel meet record of 112 wins and 13 losses, came home with countless invitational trophies, took first place in its region five years in a row (from 2004 to 2008), and won state titles back to back in 2006 and 2007.
The men's basketball team has been prominent in tournaments and championships as well. Most recently, from 2007 to 2009, the varsity team made it to the 4A-I state finals, but fell short of winning the championship to Carrick Felix's Millennium High School (division rivals) and Sunnyslope High School. In 2016, they had again made it to the playoffs, but lost in the semi-final round to the team who ultimately won the state championship.
Agua Fria's men's soccer team has also notched a 4A state championship (1999). Along with producing various playoff runs from 2006-2010.
Agua Fria's cheerleading team has also been a frequent state and national contender in the past few years. During the 2015-2016 school year, head coach Torie Jones secured the team their first state bid in the school's history, and has secured a bid for them every year since. In her third year, she also took the varsity cheer team to finals at USA Nationals for the first time.
Solar panels.
In the late spring of 2011, covered parking with solar panel installations was scheduled to be added to Agua Fria and Millennium high schools; the district had already added solar panels to the roofs at Desert Edge High School and Verrado High School in 2010. It was estimated that some 40 percent of the entire district's energy needs would come from solar panels at its high schools upon completion.


Ground start

In telephony, ground start is a method of signaling from a terminal of a subscriber local loop to a telephone exchange, where one side of a cable pair is temporarily grounded to request dial tone. Most middle 20th-century American payphones used coin-first ground start lines, with the starting ground connection provided by the coin itself, bridging a set of contacts as it passes through the coin chute.
Ground start trunk.
Telephone companies typically provide two types of dial tone switched circuits – ground start and loop start. Private branch exchanges (PBX) work best on ground start trunks because those trunks can give them an on hook signal allowing for timely clearing.
Normal single line telephones and key systems typically work on loop start lines. On loop start lines the PBX and central office may inadvertently seize the line simultaneously, a condition called "glare", resulting in call collision since neither gets the expected response and no call can be initiated.
In an idle circuit, the central office supplies –48V (nominally) on the ring conductor with respect to the tip side. A ground start PBX initiates an outgoing trunk seizure on an idle circuit by connecting of the ring lead to ground (maximum local resistance of 550 ohms). The central office senses this condition and grounds the tip lead. When the PBX senses this, it goes off-hook, then removes the ground on ring. The central office sends dial tone and the rest of the call proceeds normally.
In ground start signaling, the central office initiates a call by grounding tip and putting the ringing signal on the line. To avoid glare, before the PBX originates an outgoing call, it must first verify that the CO has not already applied ground to tip. The PBX has 100ms to sense this condition.
At the end of either an incoming or outgoing call, the PBX initiates disconnect by going on hook, or the central office initiates disconnect by opening tip. When the other end detects the loss of loop current, it also goes on hook and the call clears normally.
A PBX user must be careful to order the correct type of trunk line from the local phone company and correctly install the telephone system at the PBX end – so that they match. Line equipment in most 20th-century central office switches had to be specially rewired to create a ground start line. Crossbar switch did it with a paper sleeve on the Vertical Off Normal contact, 5ESS switch by translation, and DMS-100 by a slide switch on the line card, all according to what the customer ordered.


Kuo language

Kuo (Koh) is an Mbum language of southern Chad and northern Cameroon.


Free University of Ireland

Free University of Ireland ("") is an independent university in Prussia Street, Dublin, Ireland established in 1986 by a small group of educationalists including Daragh Smyth, Paul John Cannon, Kevin O'Byrne, Padraig O'Fiannachta, and Mairéad Ní Chíosóig. The university is a free and independent institute not in receipt of state funding. It is run by a board of governors, is a charitable trust, and has research college status. Lecturers and administrators are not paid; students are charged only a fee to cover administrative expenses.
The University provides tertiary education to degree standard in the humanities and social sciences for mature students. The building was the City Arms Hotel, frequented by James Joyce and mentioned several times in his novel Ulysses.
BA in Liberal Arts.
Subjects available for the BA in Liberal Arts include Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, Gaeilge(Irish), American Studies, Classical Studies, Irish History, EU Law, European Literature, European History, Media, Psychology, and Heritage studies.
Credit System.
Credits are awarded for course work on each subject taken and completion of a major thesis, 50 credits go for the course work and 50 for the thesis. Students normally take three subjects each year, with 5 credits available for each subject, with 10 subjects covered over a degree course. Credits are also awarded for work presented, participation in seminars, field trips and summer schools.
Graduate School.
Saor-Ollscoil offers further study options, such as MA and PhD by research.
Graduation.
Saor Ollscoil hosts a conferring ceremony for graduates each year, usually in the Mansion House, Dublin.
Annual Summer School.
In the third week of May each year the university hosts a themed summer school open also to non-students of the university. Examples include:
People associated with Saor-Ollscoil na hÉireann.
In 2012 the Chancellor Kevin (O')Byrne, a founder of Saor-Ollscoil and former Alderman and Dublin City councillor, died, and his wife Mairéad Ní Chíosóig replaced him as Chancellor. The board of governors of the university includes the historian Margaret MacCurtain, O.P., the former director of the National Museum of Ireland Patrick Wallace, and Brendan Duddy, S.J.


Donald F. Holcomb

Donald Frank Holcomb (November 8, 1925 – August 9, 2018) was an American physicist.
Born in Chesterton, Indiana, on November 8, 1925, Holcomb was raised in primarily in Wood River, Illinois, and graduated from East Alton-Wood River High School in 1943. His university studies were interrupted by military service in the United States Navy. After obtaining a bachelor's degree from DePauw University in 1949, Holcomb pursued graduate study at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, completing a Ph.D in 1954. He began teaching at Cornell University that same year. In 1964, Holcomb became the third director of the Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics. In his career, Holcomb spent some time abroad. He received a Sloan Research Fellowship from 1955 to 1957, was named a NATO senior visiting fellow at the University of Oslo in 1962, a Guggenheim fellow in 1968 while at the University of Kent, and a Science Research Council visiting fellow at University of St. Andrews in 1978. He was granted fellowship into the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The American Association of Physics Teachers awarded Holcomb its Oersted Medal in 1996, a year after his retirement from Cornell. He died at home in Ithaca, New York, on August 9, 2018, aged 92.


Alexander Stephan

Alexander Stephan (August 16, 1946 – May 29, 2009) was a specialist in German literature and area studies. He was a professor, Ohio Eminent Scholar, and Senior Fellow of the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at Ohio State University (OSU).
Background.
Stephan studied American and German literature at the Freie Universität in Berlin and at the University of Michigan. He obtained his Ph.D. from Princeton University, where students in his elementary German courses remember him as one of the best teachers they had in that very distinguished institution.
Career.
Subsequently, he taught at Princeton, the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) and University of Florida. At Ohio State University, he held a research professorship in German literature and area studies.
As professor of German literature, Stephan focused on the modern period. His publications covered the history of German exile literature, the Weimar Republic, and the literature of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). He was the author of books, among others, on Anna Seghers, Christa Wolf, Max Frisch, and Peter Weiss. Stephan was also the first researcher who obtained access to the documents which the FBI kept on German exile writers such as Bertolt Brecht, Lion Feuchtwanger, Thomas Mann and Anna Seghers.
At the OSU Mershon Center, Stephan concentrated on international security and US-European cultural relations. He wrote about the impact of American culture on the GDR and published five collections of essays analyzing Americanization and anti-Americanism in Germany and in Europe after 1945.
Stephan was a founder of the book series Exilstudien/Exile Studies, a member of the German PEN, and a recipient of grants from the Guggenheim Foundation, Humboldt Foundation, and numerous other institutions. His publications were discussed on German television, by CNN, and in papers such as The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Nation, and The Guardian.
Legacy.
A Festschrift honoring Stephan, and entitled, "Kulturpolitik und Politik der Kultur/Cultural Politics and the Politics of Culture" (Oxford) appeared in 2007. It was edited by Helen Fehervary and Bernd Fischer.
His widow, Halina Stephan, is a Professor of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures. She has been director of the Center for Slavic and East European Studies at Ohio State University. She specializes in Russian avant-garde literature and Polish theatre.
Works.
Books (selection):
Books in preparation:
Edited volumes (selection):
TV and radio (selection):


Ultimate Rap League

The Ultimate Rap League (commonly referred to as SMACK/URL) is a battle rap league based out of New York City owned by acclaimed hip hop promoter Troy "Smack White" Mitchell, Eric Beasley, Street Star Norbes, and Jean "Cheeko" French from Queens, New York City, United States.
Rappers, music executives, DJs and athletes such as Sean Combs, Busta Rhymes, Q-Tip, Joe Budden, Cassidy, King Los, Beanie Sigel, Jay-Z, Funkmaster Flex, Kid Capri, Bow Wow, Jadakiss, Lupe Fiasco, Adrien Broner, Kevin Durant, Nick Cannon, Lloyd Banks, French Montana, DC Young Fly and Mos Def and Method Man have shown support towards the league.
About.
The league originally grew out of the popular series of street DVDs known as S.M.A.C.K. DVD (an acronym for Street Music, Arts, Culture & Knowledge) that ran between 2002 and 2008. The rap DVDs often feature in-depth interviews and details about up-and-coming rappers' lives. Many DVDs feature a rap battle which was often filmed right on the street, "a cappella" and without judges. These battles heavily influenced future rap battle leagues and competitions such as MTV's Monday Night Fight Klub, GrindTimeNow.net and King of the Dot, setting a new standard for modern day battle rap.
Today, the URL averages up to millions of views on many of their rap battles. They strongly protect their history in the battle rap culture through their slogan, "You Can't Copy Respect", advising battle fans to "follow the innovators, not the imitators". The league has helped provide a platform for many aspiring artists. Rappers such as Charlie Clips, Conceited, Hitman Holla, Tsu Surf, Hollow da Don, Aye Verb, Goodz, Calicoe and Big T were all part of the first wave of battlers for the Ultimate Rap League. Many key figures including Smack himself have been featured on BET and "XXL Magazine" due to their parts in URL's success. Their battles are also commonly debated by battle rap bloggers and promoters, and featured on WorldStarHipHop.com.
In May 2019, The URL launched the URLTV.TV App. The subscription based app allows subscribers to, view unreleased and pay-per-view battles along with other original programming.


Constance Clayton

Constance ("Connie") Elaine Clayton, PhD, EdD (maiden; born 1933) is an American educator and civic leader. Notably, from 1982 to 1993, she was the Superintendent of the School District of Philadelphia. Clayton holds distinctions of (i) being the first woman and (ii) the first African American to serve as Superintendent of Schools in Philadelphia. In 1992, the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education established the Constance E. Clayton Professorship, the first professorship to be established in the name of an African American woman at an Ivy League institution, and the second such professorship in the United States. Clayton is known for her "forceful persona" and "no-nonsense" approach and for her advocacy for children.
Early life and education.
Constance Elaine Clayton was born in 1933 in Philadelphia to Levi Clayton (1906–1987) and Willabell Harris (maiden; 1910–2004). Her parents – who married February 19, 1931, in Philadelphia – separated September 1935, when she was two, and legally divorced on April 4, 1952. Constance was raised by her mother, Willabell Clayton, and maternal grandmother Sarah Harris. She has said of her childhood that "I had everything I needed and most of the things I wanted. I really was very fortunate." Her mother took her to art museums, establishing a lifelong love for art. Clayton attended Paul Laurence Dunbar Elementary School and the Philadelphia High School for Girls. She credits lawyer Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, the wife of civil rights attorney Raymond Pace Alexander, as one of her mentors.
She received her B.A. and M.A. at Temple University in 1955, where she specialized in elementary school administration. She earned her Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in 1974, and a Doctor of Education degree (EdD) in educational administration from the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education in 1981.
She was the national social action chairman of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority.
Teaching career.
From 1955 to 1964 Clayton worked as a fourth grade teacher in the School District of Philadelphia at the William H. Harrison School in North Philadelphia. From 1964 to 1969 she designed social studies curricula for elementary grades. From 1969 to 1971 she was the head of a new African and Afro-American Studies program, addressing issues for students of all ages.
During 1971-1972, she became director of the Women's Bureau for the Middle Atlantic States, working for the United States Department of Labor in Washington, D.C. to support women’s employment status and pay equity.
From 1973 to 1983, she was first the director and then the associate superintendent of the Early Childhood Program for the Philadelphia school system. Under her direction, the program was seen as a national model. During this time she also went back to school, earning her Ph.D. in 1974, and her EdD in educational administration from the University of Pennsylvania’s Graduate School of Education in 1981.
Superintendent of Schools.
In 1983, Constance Clayton defeated 83 other candidates to become the superintendent of the School District of Philadelphia. She was Philadelphia’s first African American woman superintendent. She served in the position from 1983 to 1993. She also became president-elect of the national Council of Great City Schools. The Philadelphia school system was the sixth largest school system in the United States, employing approximately 24,500 teachers, administrators, and support staff at over 250 locations. Challenges included the extreme poverty of much of the student body and a budget deficit.
Clayton set a number of goals for the city’s schools, including balancing the budget, standardizing the curriculum, and attracting private sector support. At the end of her first 8 years as superintendent, the school system had been largely successful in meeting those goals.
Clayton was a moral voice in support of children in the education system, emphasizing that "Somebody had better step forward and be the advocate for kids." She emphasized the need for federal, state, and city governments to all make a "concrete investment" in education. She recognized the difficulties faced by many children, and promoted programs to address their needs, including the Homeless Student Initiative, America 2000, a broader sexual education program, and acceptance of pregnant students who wish to graduate. "We must educate the kids born into poverty and despair. We must value all kids and not just a select few." "We have enormously talented kids who have a great deal of potential, children who are aspiring." According to "Philadelphia Inquirer" reporter Claude Lewis, Clayton "made meaningful improvement and provided a measure of hope for students and teachers alike who live with despair." She retired in 1993.
Philadelphia Museum of Art.
Since her retirement, Constance Clayton has continued to be active in the community and to serve on the boards of a number of institutions. These include the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where she serves on the board of trustees. In 2000 she founded the museum's African American Collections Committee. Her work with the museum has led to the creation of the exhibits "Treasures of Ancient Nigeria" (1982) and "Represent: 200 Years of African American Art" (2014).
Awards and honors.
The Constance E. Clayton Professorship.
The Constance E. Clayton Professorship in Urban Education was established in 1992 at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education. It received support from the William Penn Foundation, Cigna, The Vanguard Group, and PNC Bank. Constance Clayton was the first African American woman to have a professorship named for her at an Ivy League institution. U. Penn also established, in her honor, The Clayton Lecture Series on Urban Education.


L. Felice Gorordo

Leonardo Felice Gorordo is an American entrepreneur, investor and advisor, currently serving as CEO of "eMerge Americas". He is best known for his engagement in the Cuba–United States relations through advocacy and public service. Gorordo previously served in the White House under Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush, and as an advisor to President Joe Biden's Cancer Initiative.
Early life and education.
Gorordo was born and raised in Miami, FL, to a Cuban-American family and attended Belen Jesuit Preparatory School. From 2000 to 2001, he served as International Vice-President of Key Club International, an international service program for high school students in 38 countries. Gorordo attended Georgetown University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in government in 2005. He also studied at the Complutense University of Madrid in Spain. While in college, he was an intern in the White House Office of Political Affairs during the Administration of President George W. Bush. As a sophomore at Georgetown University, Gorordo co-founded (with a group of college students) Roots of Hope (Raíces de Esperanza), a non-profit focused on youth empowerment in Cuba through technology and entrepreneurship.
Public service.
Upon graduating from college, Gorordo served in the Administration of President George W. Bush as an aide to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez, and later as Special Assistant to the Director of the U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services Col. Emilio T. Gonzalez. From 2006 to 2007, Gorordo was detailed to the U.S. Department of State and served in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. He also served as an advisor to the President & CEO of Jackson Health System. In 2011, Gorordo was appointed by President Barack Obama as one of fifteen White House Fellows. From 2011 to 2012, he served as the White House Fellow to the President’s Domestic Policy Advisor Cecilia Muñoz, and worked in the White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs. In this capacity, he worked on Latino and immigration outreach and led the organizing of the first “White House Conference on Connecting the Americas. ” The conference included the participation of then-U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, several cabinet secretaries and high-level business and government leaders from throughout the Americas in lead up to the 2012 Summit of the Americas.
Entrepreneurship.
Following the White House Fellowship, Gorordo joined Clearpath, (acquired by L1BRE), a venture-backed tech company focused on revolutionizing the paper-based immigration filing process – just as TurboTax transformed tax filing. In 2014, he became CEO & President of Clearpath, which leveraged patented-technology to enable individuals to file their own immigration applications. He established partnerships with LegalZoom, H&R Block, and Univision, and successfully sold the company in 2016 to L1BRE. After the acquisition of Clearpath, Gorordo served as CEO of L1BRE, a tech company with operations in the U.S. and Mexico. In 2018, Gorordo was named CEO of eMerge Americas, a venture-backed platform which seeks to foster innovation and entrepreneurship across the Americas, and transform Miami into becoming the tech hub of the Americas. In 2019, he led the organizing of the sixth annual eMerge Americas conference, which attracted more than 16,000 attendees and 400 participating companies from over 40 countries. Gorordo also served as co-host for AOL co-founder and Revolution LLC's CEO & Chairman Steve Case’s “Rise of the Rest” Tour through South Florida in 2019. Gorordo currently serves as a venture partner at I Squared Capital, a private equity firm.
Advocacy.
U.S.- Cuba relations.
In 2003, Gorordo co-founded Roots of Hope after traveling to Cuba for the first time with the purpose of building bridges between young people on and off the island. He built and led a network with over 5,000 students and young professional members across 50 universities in the U.S. He also organized 10 youth leadership conferences at leading universities, including Harvard, Georgetown, Princeton, and Cornell. In 2009, Gorordo served as an advisor to Grammy winner Juanes and helped organize the historic "Peace without Borders" (Paz Sin Fronteras) concert in Havana, Cuba, with 1.2 million young people in attendance. From 2014 to 2015, Gorordo was actively engaged in the re-establishment of U.S.-Cuba diplomatic ties, including accompanying then-U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry to the re-opening of the Embassy of the United States, Havana in 2015, and President Barack Obama on his historic trip to Cuba in 2016 (the first sitting U.S. president to travel to the island since President Calvin Coolidge in 1928).
Cancer Moonshot.
In 2015, Gorordo and his mother participated in the pilgrimage trip to Cuba with Pope Francis, which led to her being blessed by the Pope and reuniting with her family on the island after 46 years. After losing his mother to pancreatic cancer, Gorordo became involved with then-Vice President Joe Biden’s “moonshot to cure cancer.” In 2016, he helped in the organizing of the White House Cancer Moonshot Summits. In 2018, Gorordo joined the Biden Cancer Initiative and led the organizing of more than 450 Biden Cancer Community Summits across the U.S. to focus national attention on creating actionable solutions in the fight against cancer. In 2018, Gorordo also served as an Entrepreneur-In-Residence at StartUp Health, a venture fund and accelerator investing in “Health Moonshots” – like curing cancer – and building a portfolio of digital health companies in over 20 countries.
Affiliations.
Gorordo has appeared as a guest commentator on CNN, BBC, NPR, MSNBC, NBC Nightly News, Univision, and Telemundo. His views and articles have also been published in Forbes, Newsweek, The Economist, The New Yorker, The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post. He previously served as Senior Fellow at the Georgetown University Beeck Center on Social Impact and Innovation. Felice was selected to serve as a delegate for the 2020 Democratic National Convention. He also served as National Co-Chair for Catholics for Biden and member of the Biden for President National Finance Committee.
Felice serves as a Lifetime Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and serves on the Democratic National Committee's National Finance Committee, Latino Victory Fund National Committee, and the boards of the American Business Immigration Coalition and the Immigration Partnership and Coalition Fund.
Personal life.
Gorordo is married to Bianca Ferrer and has two children, Catalina and David. The Gorordos live in Miami, Florida.