John Franklin Botume

John Franklin Botume (November 21, 1855 – October 17, 1917) was a singer, choir director and vocal pedagogist. He is the author of several books on singing including "Modern Singing Methods: Their Use and Abuse" (1885).
Life and career.
John Franklin Botume was born in Boston, Massachusetts on November 21, 1855 to Elizabeth Augusta (Lord) Botume and John Botume, Jr., a successful businessman with the Baldwin, Botume & Co. packing company. John Franklin was the only son and had two sisters.
Coming from a well-to-do family, Frank (as he frequently went by) attended the Boston Latin School and then entered Harvard College. While Frank's parents had him cut out for a career in law, he started deviating from their plans and began pursuing singing. He studied many years under the Italian voice teacher Vincenzo Cirillo.
After graduating from Harvard in 1876, he attended Harvard Law School for a year and he later taught music in Boston and Cambridge as he read law. In 1881 Frank was admitted to the Suffolk County Bar and began dividing his time between practicing law and teaching the music he enjoyed. Finally, four years later, Frank broke for good with the law profession and dedicated all of his time to singing.
For the rest of his life, Frank was heavily involved in both teaching and performing music in and around Boston and New York City. In 1883 he was listed in the "Boston Musical Yearbook" as the director and accompanist of the "Gounod Quartet" and a bass singer in the "Cecilia" Club. During the summers of 1889 and 1891, he traveled to Paris, London and Munich to study with well-known singing teachers.
From 1891 to 1892 Frank was the resident director of the Boston branch of the American Academy of the Dramatic Arts, and from 1892 to 1893 Principal of the opera department of American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Soon after, he left that position to become the choirmaster at the historic St. James Church Episcopal Church in Roxbury, a post he would hold for 20 years. There, his duties included training and directing the vested choir and soloist quartet. All the time, he continued to teach voice privately.
About a year prior to his death, Frank retired from his job as choirmaster, continuing to teach privately. By this time he had lost one eye due to a fishing accident and was in poor health. The accident occurred sometime before 18 June 1891, which was the date of Frank's U.S. Passport application listing that he had "1 artificial eye". John Franklin Botume died suddenly of a hemorrhage October 17, 1917 in Boston at age 61. He was never married nor had any children.
"Modern Singing Methods".
In his "Modern Singing Methods", John Franklin Botume was perhaps the first published vocal pedagogue to bridge the substantial gap between the "old Italian school" and the "modern school" of singing, showing the strengths and weaknesses of each method alone and how they could support each other combined. Botume believed that one great strength of the "old Italian school" is its regimen of developing the voice over a long period of training and exercise. He also found this to be a weakness in the "modern school" training:
The teacher of the future will […] follow the old process. He will attempt little the first or the second year, and will go gradually, carefully, regularly and, above all, slowly to the end. […] Nature is a hard task-mistress. What you steal from her today, she will exact with compound interest tomorrow. The end of these "short-cuts" is, that every quick result which the pupil gains is attended either with some physical weakness or disease, or else with an accompanying fault; such as a tremolo, a tendency to sing "off the key," a nasal, sharp, foggy, hard or weak tone, a lack of flexibility, a premature decay of the voice, or some other disagreeable thing, which, like Banquo's ghost, is apt to pop up at the very moment you wish to display yourself on some festal occasion.
Another strength Botume identified of the "old" method is its viewpoint on what the singer feels. While modern science can tell us what a good singer's vocal folds are doing while they are singing, it has been at a loss to help inexperienced singers achieve the same technique. In the "old Italian school", singers would listen to the proper execution of a vocalization and attempt to emulate it. The teacher would then use their experienced ears to inform the student when they had achieved the desired results and the student would memorize the sensations accompanying the correct technique. Botume recommends that this process be continued in modern voice training, describing five different vocal registers by the region of the body they are felt to vibrate.
Botume did not, however, discount the "modern school" completely. Indeed, he praised it for bringing a level of "intellectualism" into singing, allowing a method of scientifically based techniques to be taught ("how to sing"), whereas in the "old Italian school" only the desired results were taught ("what one should sound like"). He also praised the "modern school" for dispelling the myth that voice teachers possess some mystical power for transforming common voices into magnificent ones:
It cannot be too strongly insisted that the art of singing is not an occult thing. It is very much like the carpenter's trade: one must have some aptitude for it to begin with; next he must learn how to use the tools of his craft; finally, he must acquire mechanical dexterity by practice.
Botume's "Modern Singing Methods" is a ground-breaking work that held influence over several later vocal pedagogical works. In his "Psychology of Singing" (MacMillan, 1917), David Taylor said:
Probably the best summary of the old Italian method offered by any modern teacher is contained in a little booklet by J. Frank Botume, entitled Modern Singing Methods. […] This sums up beautifully the external aspects of the old Italian method, and of modern methods as well.
The work was also cited in "Resonance in Singing and Speaking" by Thomas Fille-Brown (Oliver Ditson & Co, 1911), as well as the modern books "Secrets of Singing" by Jeffry Allen (Alfred, 1994, 2005) and "The Singer's Companion" by Brent Monahan (Limelight Editions, 2007).
Works.
Botume also published several songs for both solo voice and choir, including "Morning Love Song" (1896) and "The Trill," (date unknown), and an arrangement of scenes from the earliest opera still extant, Jacopo Peri's "Euridice" (1895).
Sources.
Text for this article has been excerpted by permission of the author from the introduction to J. F. Botume "Modern Singing Methods", Bel Canto Masters Study Series (Pitch Perfect Publishing, 2009). .


Upper Carniolan dialect

The Upper Carniolan dialect ("gorenjsko narečje", "gorenjščina") is a major Slovene dialect in the Upper Carniolan dialect group. It is spoken in most (but not all) of Upper Carniola. It is one of the two central Slovene dialects and was also used as a written language from the 17th century onwards, and especially in the second half of the 18th century.
Phonological and morphological characteristics.
The Upper Carniolan dialect has a pitch accent, the usual circumflex advancement, and two accentual retractions with some exceptions. It has eight monophthongal accented vowels, as in standard Slovene. In preaccentual position there is narrowing of "o" and "e", and akanye in postaccentual position. There is extensive syncope, partial development of "g" to [γ], general preservation of bilabial "w", and general hardening of soft "l" and "n". There is extensive morphophonemic alternation ("l" > "w" and "k g h" > "č j/ž š"), spirantization and devoicing of stops in word-final position (e.g., "d" > "s"), and simplification of "šč" to "š". Neuter nouns become masculine, the ending "-om" becomes "-am", the "u"-stem conjugation is robust, and there is a long infinitive (ending in "-ə").


AT command


Nyabwa language

The Nyabwa (Niaboua, Niédéboua, Nyaboa, Nyabwa-Nyédébwa, Nyedebwa or Nyaboa) language is a Kru language spoken in Ivory Coast. It is part of the Wee dialect continuum.
Writing system.
Nasalisation is indicated by a tilde on the vowel. Tones are indicated by following signs:
Very high tone is indicated by a double apostrophe ‹ ˮ › ;
High tone is indicated by an apostrophe ‹ ʼ › ;
Mid-tone is indicated by no diacritic;
Low tone is indicated by a hyphen ‹ ˗ ›.


Alain Guy

Alain Guy (11 August 1918 – 7 November 1998) was a French philologist and hispanist.


Joshua Bloom

Joshua Simon Bloom (born June 8, 1974 in Washington, D.C.) is an American astrophysicist, full professor of astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley, and was the CTO and co-founder of the machine-learning company wise.io (acquired by General Electric, 2016). He received a Bachelor of Arts in astronomy and astrophysics and physics from the Harvard College in 1996, an M.Phil from Cambridge University in 1997, and a PhD in astronomy from the California Institute of Technology in 2002. He was a Junior Fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows from 2002 to 2005. His astronomy research focuses on gamma-ray bursts and other astrophysical transients such as supernovae and tidal disruption events. He is author of the book "What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts?" published by Princeton University Press in 2011.
Research.
In 2009, ScienceWatch wrote that Bloom's gamma-ray bursts "work ranks at No. 10 by total cites, based on 85 papers cited a total of 3,639 times. Five of these papers are on the lists of the 20 most-cited papers over the past decade and over the past two years." He has published over 250 refereed articles and was principal investigator of the Peters Automated Infrared Telescope (PAIRITEL) at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona. He is also principal investigator of the Synoptic Infrared Survey Telescope (SASIR). Project and was co-chair of the transients and variable star group of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Some of Bloom's current work focuses on the classification of astrophysical transients using machine-learning techniques. He suggested that GRB 110328A was due to a new class of relativistic outflow events from tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole.
Honors and awards.
Bloom was awarded the Herchel Smith Harvard Scholarship to Cambridge University in 1996, and was a Hertz Foundation Fellow at the California Institute of Technology. In 2006, Bloom was named as a Sloan Research Fellow by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. In 2008, he was included as one of Astronomy magazine's ten "rising stars. In 2009, he was awarded the Newton Lacy Pierce Prize in Astronomy from the American Astronomical Society. In 2010, he was named as the "Sophie and Tycho Brahe Visiting Professor" at Copenhagen University. He is the Co-Creator of the VOEvent messaging scheme for astronomical transients.
Teaching.
Bloom teaches astronomy to graduate and undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley. Some of his lectures are available to the public as podcasts
and video streams (Python class)


Danny Stack

Danny Stack is an Irish screenwriter and film director, best known for his work in children's television. He is also the co-host of The UK Scriptwriters Podcast, a weekly series of interviews with prominent writers and producers in UK film and television, as well as advice for getting into the industry.
Career.
After working as a special effects assistant and then a film critic for JMTV, Stack moved to England and began working for Channel 4's Entertainment department. He also worked as a freelance script reader for Miramax, Working Title and Pathe. In 2004, Stack won the BBCNI Tony Doyle Bursary Award for New Writing. He gained his first writing credit on "The Amazing Adrenalini Brothers", followed by "Doctors" and "Eastenders". He subsequently moved into children's television, writing for series such as "Hey Duggee, Thunderbirds Are Go, PJ Masks, Octonauts" and "".
He helped set up the Red Planet Prize, a screenwriting award run by Red Planet Pictures, the production company of Tony Jordan. Its first winner was Robert Thorogood, whose script became "Death in Paradise".
With Tim Clague, Stack founded Nelson Nutmeg Pictures, a production company focusing on low budget children's films and television projects. Their first feature was "Who Killed Nelson Nutmeg?", starring Bonnie Wright. The film premiered on 10 October 2015 at the 59th BFI London Film Festival. Their next film, a science-fiction feature titled "Future TX", is in post-production.
In 2020, the pair released their preschool series, "Dog Years", on kidoodle.tv, a family-friendly streaming service.
Teaching.
Stack has lectured on screenwriting. In addition, he co-authored two guide books, "The UK Scriptwriters Survival Handbook: or How to Earn an Actual Living as a Writer" in 2015, followed by "Write a Script in 10 Weeks" in 2017.


Seraphic Fire

Seraphic Fire is a professional vocal ensemble in the United States, led by its founder and artistic director Patrick Dupré Quigley, and based in Miami. Seraphic Fire's repertoire includes Gregorian chants, Baroque masterpieces, works by Mahler, and newly commissioned works by American composers.
Two of the ensemble's recordings, "Brahms: Ein Deutsches Requiem" and "A Seraphic Fire Christmas" were nominated for the 2012 Grammy awards, making Seraphic Fire the only choral ensemble in North or South America to be nominated that year, and the only classical ensemble in the world to be nominated for two separate projects.
The ensemble's September 2014 release, "Reincarnations: A Century of American Choral Music", placed No. 6 on the Billboard Traditional Classical Chart and the ensemble's Grammy-nominated recording of "Brahms: Ein Deutsches Requiem" debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard Traditional Classical Chart.
Seraphic Fire has a partnership with Naxos of America for the distribution of its media. The group maintains a regular schedule of concerts throughout South Florida and also tours nationally.
Education Activities.
In 2018, Seraphic Fire launched the Professional Choral Institute in partnership with the Aspen Music Festival and School to prepare singers specifically for professional ensemble singing.
Seraphic Fire also maintains partnerships with Miami-Dade County Public Schools, the Herb Alpert School of Music at UCLA, and the University of Miami's Frost School of Music.


Frank Trentmann

Frank Trentmann is a professor of history in the Department of History, Classics and Archaeology at Birkbeck College, University of London. He is a specialist in the history of consumption.
Career.
Trentmann is professor of history in the Department of History, Classics and Archaeology at Birkbeck College, University of London. He was educated at Hamburg University, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and at Harvard University, where he completed his PhD. He has taught at Princeton University and at Bielefeld University. He was Fernand Braudel Senior Fellow at the European University Institute.
Trentmann won the Whitfield Prize from the Royal Historical Society for his 2008 book "Free Trade Nation: Consumption, Civil Society and Commerce in Modern Britain" (Oxford University Press).
Research.
Trentmann is a specialist in the history of consumption. He was director of the Cultures of Consumption research programme, which received £5 million of funding from the Economic and Social Research Council and the Arts and Humanities Research Council.


Sykes Enterprises

Sykes Enterprises, Incorporated, stylized as SYKES, is an American multinational business process outsourcing provider headquartered in Tampa, Florida. The company provides business process outsourcing (BPO) services, IT consulting, and IT-enabled services, such as technical support and customer service.
History.
Sykes was founded in 1977 by John H. Sykes in Charlotte, North Carolina to provide engineering and design services to large corporations. Companies such as IBM, AT&T, and Texas Instruments were among Sykes' first clients. By 1990, the company had 1,000 employees, 20 offices, and $55 million in annual revenue.
In 1992, the company moved into the customer service business by purchasing Jones Technologies, a call center company based in Sterling, Colorado.
In 1993, Sykes relocated its corporate headquarters from Charlotte to Tampa, Florida.
Sykes became a publicly traded company in 1996. The company was listed on NASDAQ under the stock symbol SYKE.
David Grimes, a former AT&T executive, was named president of Sykes in 1998. John Sykes remained CEO and chairman. In 2000, Grimes became president and CEO. However, after 3 months, Grimes resigned and Sykes returned as president and CEO.
Charles Sykes, John Sykes' son, became president and CEO of the company in 2004. Charles had been with the company 17 years prior to assuming his father's position.
Timeline.
The following are key milestones in Sykes' official history as a company.
Locations.
Sykes headquarters is located in Tampa, Florida. As of 2010, the company has operations in the following countries:
Services.
Sykes provides customer contact management solutions and services in the business process outsourcing (BPO) arena. The company provides an array of customer contact management solutions to global 2000 companies around the world, primarily in the communications, financial services, healthcare, technology and transportation and leisure industries.
Sykes' services are categorized into three lines of business: Contact Center Services, TeleHealth, and Assistance Services.


Italo Alighiero Chiusano

Italo Alighiero Chiusano (10 June 1926 – 15 February 1995) was an , literary critic, Germanist, literary historian, essayist, author of dramas, and journalist.
Chiusano authored several television screenplays.
Biography and works.
Chiusano was born at Wrocław, in the Silesia, a German territory that became part of Poland after the Second World War. However, his origin was Italian: Chiusano's father was a diplomat from Pinerolo and his mother was from Turin.
Chiusano's intellectual formation was heavily influenced by the German language; he studied and wrote literary criticism of German literature.
He wrote articles for the Italian newspapers "La Stampa" and "L'Osservatore Romano". In the newspaper "La Repubblica "he published a series of articles on famous authors of the German school. These articles discussed the work of Thomas Bernhard, Heinrich Böll (whose religiosity and anti-militarism was a common feature, and on whom he wrote a biography in 1974), Goethe, Schiller, Kleist, Theodor Fontane, Musil, Schnitzler, Mann, Dürrenmatt, and many others.
Chiusano had a Catholic education (he was defined by Vittorio Messori "open minded Christian"), and was fluent in German, French, English, Spanish and Portuguese. He spent his childhood and youth traveling throughout Europe and Brazil (Ajaccio, Stuttgart, Rotterdam, São Paulo were some of the cities where he lived).
He attended high school in Brazil and in 1948 he graduated in law in Rome. In the early 1950s he worked as a journalist, translator, and author of dramas for radio.
In 1964 he married Leyla Givonetti, with whom he had a son, Mattia, and a daughter, Agata.
As a writer he possessed a dry and incisive style. His historical novel "L'ordalia", set in Medieval times, was a finalist for the 1979 Campiello prize. Among his other major works of fiction are: "La prova dei sentimenti" (1966), "Inchiesta sul mio amore" (1972), "L'ordalia" (1979), set in Italy during the lives of Arduin and Otto III, "La derrota" (1982), "Il vizio del gambero" (1986), "Konradin" (1990, a portrait of Conradin) and "Eroi di vetro" (1989).
As essayist and literary critic he was the author in 1976 of a history of modern German theater and, in 1981, a "Life of Goethe". For the theater he wrote "Le notti di Verna" (1981) and "Il Sacrilegio" (1982).
Furthermore, he was the author of "Literatur", published in 1984 and containing almost two hundred articles devoted to his beloved German literature, and "Altre lune" (1987), a collection of articles on , , Russian, , and Latin American writers in addition to specific pages on two Italian poets, Mario Luzi and Giorgio Caproni.
In the 1970s and 1980s he was co-writer of some fictions broadcast by RAI (Italian state television), inspired from famous authors and dedicated to great literary characters or themes:
Chiusano died at Frascati in 1995.


Renos Apostolidis

Renos Apostolidis (; 2 March 1924 – 10 March 2004) was a Greek writer, philologist and literary critic.
His father was Heracles N. Apostolidis, a notable journalist and director of the National Library between 1945 and 1959. His mother Elpiniki (née Zambeli) was a teacher.
Early life.
Apostolidis was born in Athens in 1924. His father was Heracles N. Apostolidis, who was a journalist, chief editor in several newspaper agencies, head of "Encyclopaedia" of Pyrsos publishing, head of the National Library (1945–1959) and creator of the first "Poetry and Short Stories Anthology." His mother, Elpiniki, was a teacher. After primary school, he attended Varvakeios High School (1935–1941), where on 28 October 1941 organized student abstention. Apostolidis participated in the banned, by Papandreou government, march on 3 December 1944 with EAM followers. From 1945, Apostolidis studied in the department of History and Archaeology of the University of Athens, but was forced to suspend his studies in order to pay his duties in the Greek Army during the Civil War, where he participated as Second lieutenant of the National Army. Living so close with destruction and death, Apostolidis stated that he swore to himself not to shoot a single bullet, but to record what he was going through for two and a half years in Grammos, Vitsi and during the cleansing operations of Roumeli and Peloponnese. As soon as he was released from his duties, he published "Pyramid 67", a text about the Civil War. He was dismissed characterized as a "second rank nationalist."
In 1950 he completed his studies and had taught Ancient and Modern Greek, History and Latin in private high schools of Athens. He emerged as a writer in 1944, with the publishing of the essay "Kairos tou einai" in "Grammata" periodical. A year later, he issued his first essay collection "Three stations of a march." He collaborated with several newspapers and periodicals of Athens as an editor of "Eleutheria, Niki, Eikones, Gnoseis, Neoteron Lexicon Iliou, Aneksartitos Typos" and other publications, as well as book critic in "Grammata, Fititiki Foni, Deltion tou Vivliou, Kiklos, Kochlias, Nea Estia, Neoi Rithmoi, Nees Ikones, Ethnos, Ethnikos Kirikas, Epoptia" and "Nea Koinoniologia."
Since 1951, he worked as chief editor and critic in the periodical "Our Aeon", and in 1952, established with his father the periodical "The New Greek." From the latter's pages he exercised intense criticism "against the political and literary establishment", and particularly against the "Generation of the '30s", accusing them of "spiritual and ethical inadequacy". For this posture of him, M. Karagatsis sued him and his father for reasons of copyright.
In 1966 Apostolidis started publishing in serials in "The New Greek" fragments from the "Diary" of Ioannis Metaxas accompanied with his own sarcastic commentary. These publishes caused the reaction of the newly established organisation Party of 4 August, leader of which was Konstantinos Pleuris, who attacked Apostolidis from the organisation's newspaper and after Apostolidis's response Pleuris filed a lawsuit against him. The trial took place after the Coup of 21 April 1967, and the establishment of military dictatorship, and so the circulation of "The New Greek" stopped, which until then had published five articles related to the first two volumes of Metaxas's diary. In court, Apostolidis was sentenced, but in the Court of Appeal stated that it was not his intention to touch on the members of the Party of 4 August and the lawsuit was recalled.
Politics.
From 1962 to 1964, Apostolidis served as a collaborator with the Directorate-General of the National Radio Foundation. In the parliamentary elections of 1963 he participated as a candidate under Spyridon Markezinis, while already since 1961 had written for the periodical of the youth of the Progressive party. In the municipal elections of 1964 descended as candidate for municipal consultant in Athens's municipality in the line up of Georgios Plytas. In 1964, Apostolidis was the head of an wrathful crowd of extreme Right-wings who entered the Parliament with the slogan "Traitor Papandreou, Karamanlis, Papandreou Imposter." The crowd fought with parliament members of the center, an act for which Apostolidis was arrested and sentenced to two and a half years in prison, however, he served three months in total.
Dictatorship.
During the dictatorship in Greece, in 1969, Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos imposed compulsory issue of the "Short stories Anthology" of Heracles N. Apostolidis in the Athenian Press, under condition of not being censored. Thus, in this way texts belonging to dissidents were published like those of the politically exiled Demetris Hantzis. However, the publication in two newspapers part of Renos Apostolidis's novel "The A2," written in 1968 about the Greek Civil War, provoked the intervention of censorship and the suspension of the publishing after direct interference of Ioannes Ladas, the general secretary of the Ministry of Public Order and one of the orchestrators of the 1967 coup d'état.
Later years.
After the end of the dictatorship, until 1979, Apostolidis continued writing critics in the periodical "Tetramina" and published several of his works. In his later years he published lectures and appeared on television for matters regarding the Greek language, education and literature. He was also honorary guest in presentations of his works. He was a supporter of the polytonic writing, the historical Greek orthography and the teaching of ancient Greek from prototypes in schools.
Death.
Apostolidis died on 10 March 2004 after acute stroke. He received a non-religious burial, due to him being an agnostic and libertarian.
Works.
Renos Apostolidis was a prolific writer. During his lifetime he published over 30 books. His first published work was Three Stations a Path (1945). Some of his most famous works are "Wings of The Stork" (1949), "Poet Letters (1949), "Pyramid 67" (1950), "Modern Greek" (1952), "His Nipples and Manuscripts of Max Tod" (1960), "Criticism of War" (1962), "Corridors" (1979), "The Furies" (1980) and "Cats" (1989), and "Vortex" (1993). One book, "Centauri" was published posthumously, in 2012.


Bettye Ackerman

Bettye Louise Ackerman (February 28, 1924 – November 1, 2006) was an American actress primarily known for her work on television.
Early years.
Ackerman was born in Cottageville, South Carolina (another source says she was born in Williston, South Carolina), the daughter of Clarence Kilgo Ackerman and Mary Baker Ackerman, and grew up in Williston, in Barnwell County in southwestern South Carolina, one of four children. She graduated from Columbia College in South Carolina in 1945 and left for New York City soon after. She studied theater at the graduate level at Columbia University in New York and pursued art studies with Joseph Mugnaini and George DeGroat at Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles.
Television.
Ackerman played Dr. Maggie Graham on the ABC medical drama, "Ben Casey", from 1961 until 1966. She played Anne Frazer on "Bracken's World" and the original Constance MacKenzie on the daytime program "Return to Peyton Place". She appeared in an early episode of prime time soap "Falcon Crest" portraying the character of Elisabeth Bradbury. She also appeared in two episodes of "Perry Mason", starring Raymond Burr: in 1965. she played the role of Amy Reid in the episode, "The Case of the Thermal Thief," and in 1966. she played Laura Brandon in "The Case of the Positive Negative." In 1977, she appeared in "Never Con a Killer," the pilot for the ABC crime drama "The Feather and Father Gang".
Stage.
Ackerman played the title role in the one act play "Salome", by Oscar Wilde, as part of the Alexander Kirkland Acting Group. The production was released on Magic-Tone Records (CTG 4011). Ackerman's Broadway credits include "A Meeting by the River" (1979).
Film.
Ackerman's film debut came in "Face of Fire" in 1959.
Personal life.
On June 7, 1956, Ackerman, at 32, married her future "Ben Casey" co-star Sam Jaffe, who was then 65. Although there was a 33-year difference in their ages, the couple had a very successful and happy marriage- until Jaffe died of cancer in 1984. They had no children.
She sold her home in Beverly Hills, California, and returned to South Carolina to be near her large extended family in 1998. Shortly afterwards, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Ackerman was also a noted artist, who had numerous exhibits in both Beverly Hills and Columbia, South Carolina.
Death.
Ackerman died November 1, 2006, after having suffered a stroke in Columbia, South Carolina. She was 82.
She is buried in Williston Cemetery in South Carolina.


Nicholas King

Nicholas King (March 21, 1933 – April 3, 2012) was an American actor and horticulturist who was instrumental in preserving the Watts Towers.
Robert Nicholas King was born in Sacramento, California. After graduating from high school in 1951, King began taking acting lessons at the Pasadena Playhouse.
King had uncredited roles in "The Long, Hot Summer" and as a medic in "The Young Lions". He had the role of Arnie in 1958's "Joy Ride" and Georgie in "The Threat". He also had a recurring role in the television version of the NBC soap opera "One Man's Family".
In 1969 King returned to Northern California, where he became a partner in a land cooperative on the Garcia River in Point Arena. He opened a nursery and began grafting varieties of apple trees.
King died in a Santa Rosa, California nursing home. He had battled Lewy body dementia for several years prior to his death.
Watts Towers preservation.
In the late 1950s, King was working as an assistant to Hollywood photographer Bob Willoughby. King was present when Willoughby's friend, film editor William Cartwright, told the photographer about first seeing the towers and wondering why they had been abandoned. King expressed an interest in working with Cartwright to save the towers, and the two men traced ownership to Joseph Montoya, an employee of a local dairy.
King and Cartwright arranged a meeting with Montoya and asked if he would be interested in selling the towers. Montoya said "yes" and set a price of $3,000.
"We wrote out a $20 check for the deposit right there, and we walked out of that building 15 feet off the ground. We couldn't get over it — we owned those damned things," King told "The New Yorker" in a 1965 interview.
"Nick ... understood the international merit of the towers," said Jeanne Morgan, a charter member of the Committee for Simon Rodia's Towers in Watts. "Without his participation, the towers would have been destroyed" under a demolition order issued by the City of Los Angeles after they had been declared a potential safety hazard.


Fred Lowery

Fred Lowery (2 November 1909 – 11 December 1984) was a blind professional whistler who recorded a No. 9 Billboard chart hit version of "The High and the Mighty" with conductor and arranger LeRoy Holmes. Lowery whistled with Horace Heidt and Vincent Lopez in the 1930s and 40s. His 'Silent Night' and 'William Tell Overture' demonstrate the difference between everyday whistling and puccalo.
Lowery was born in Palestine in Anderson County in east Texas and lost his eyesight at the age of two after being stricken with scarlet fever. With an artificial right eye and limited vision in the left, Fred Lowery was legally blind - not totally blind. From the age of eight he was educated at the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. In 1929, when he was attending school, he met a bird imitator. "He encouraged me," he recalled, "and I began to discover there was more to whistling than bird calls." After a series of minor successes, including a radio show on WFAA in Dallas, and a -year engagement with the Vincent Lopez orchestra in New York, he was heard by Horace Heidt. Heidt gave Lowery his chance for national recognition as a featured part of his show. In 1945, Lowery struck out on his own. His 1939 version of the song "Indian Love Call" sold over 2 million copies. During his career, he performed at Carnegie Hall and at the White House.
Discography.
"Whistling For You" - Columbia C-148 10" 78 (1947)
"Whistling For You" - Columbia CL 6091 10" LP (1950)
"Walking Along Kicking the Leaves", Fred Lowery whistling with orchestra directed by Own Bradley - Decca DL 8476 LP Mono (1957)
"Whistle a Happy Tune" - Decca DL 8995 LP Mono (1960)
"Fred Lowery Sings for the Birds" - Lowery ED1001 LP Mono
"There'll Be Whistling and Singing In Heaven" - Gra-Low GR-7100 LP Mono
"A Family Christmas" - Gra-Low GR-7101 LP Mono
"Fred Lowery Whistles Your Gospel Favorites" - Word WST-8326 LP Stereo (1967)
"Abide With Me" - Word WST-8456 LP Stereo (1968)
"Precious Memories" - Word WST-8516 LP Stereo (1971)
"It is Well with My Soul" - Word WST-8563 LP Stereo (1972)


Alfred William Styles

Alfred William Styles (29 November 1873 – 8 January 1926) was an accountant, trade unionist and politician in South Australia.
History.
Styles was born in Richmond, Surrey, England, and was a student at the local grammar school, then left for South Australia with his parents, arriving in February, 1882. After an education at the Norwood and Sturt Street State Schools, he was invited by Walter Birks, of Charles Birks & Co., to work for that firm. With Theo. Godlee as a mentor, he rapidly climbed the ladder from office boy to ledger-keeper and assistant cashier. After seven years with that firm he left to take up religious and philanthropic work. He joined the Rev. A. W. Wellington's team of willing workers in feeding and clothing the unemployed during the severe winter of 1892 in a time of economic Depression. He proved so effective that the Rev. Wellington recommended him to the Primitive Methodist Conference of 1894 for theological training for the Methodist ministry. During his training at Way College he had the benefit of private tuition with elocutionist Edward Reeves, and A. Walmsley as singing coach. He was thus well prepared for the annual elocution contest in the Yatala district, and won the first prize trophy in 1895. After four years' probationary work, Styles resigned his position with the church and returned to business life in the bookkeeping department of John Martin & Co., where both employers and employees were in favour of regulated business hours — "early closing". Styles became a member of the Early Closing Association in July 1900, a member of the board in March 1901, and on 17 June was appointed secretary. He was a hard worker, and devoted all his spare time to association work. The success the campaign, which resulted in shops closing 1 p.m. on Saturdays, instead of 11 p.m. as previously, was largely due to his efforts.
He was also a member of the Australasian Federated Butchers Employes' Association, (or Meat Employes' Association), for many years its president, and ten years its Secretary, only relinquishing the position in 1915.
Politics.
Styles took an active interest in municipal affairs in Thebarton, and was in 1910 the mayor of the town. He was the first mayor to preside over a council which used land value assessment for rating purposes. Styles had been for twenty years a member of trade organisations, and for ten years actively involved with the Labor Party, and after at least one unsuccessful attempts (he had in 1909 contested the Central district vacancy created when A. A. Kirkpatrick was appointed Agent-General in London) entered Parliament as a member of the Legislative Council in 1910, being elected with J. P. Wilson and E. L. W. Klauer for the Central district. He was almost immediately appointed leader of the Labor Opposition in the Legislative Council, and performed those duties until the Labor Party was returned to power in 1915. For that election the Central district had been split, and Styles was returned with E. L. W. Klauer for Central District No. 2. Labor had a substantial majority in the Assembly, so Crawford Vaughan became Premier and Styles was appointed Chief Secretary in the Vaughan Ministry on 3 April 1915.
He held that position until 14 July 1917, when A. H. Peake was able to form a Liberal Administration by exploiting the breakup of the Labor Party over the conscription issue. Styles was one of those in favor of conscription who broke away to form the Nationalist Party, following W. M. Hughes's injunction "Follow me" (and abandon the Labor anti-conscriptionists). A Nationalist-Liberal coalition government was formed in August 1917, and R. P. Blundell, A. W. Styles, and Harry Jackson accepted Ministerial positions as a reward for their cooperation, Styles being appointed Minister of Education, succeeding Sir David Gordon.
Styles resigned early in 1918 after Commissioner Webb's Lands Enquiry found he had profited from shady land deals; he contested the Central District seat as an independent against Theodore Bruce, but was unsuccessful. Styles complained that he had been shabbily treated by his party, which failed to support him, and stated that he had not purchased any land except with the full consent of the Cabinet.
Other interests.
In his younger days Mr. Styles was a fine athlete. He was a foundation members of the West Park Bowling Club, and president for several years before being elected a life member. He was an active Freemason, and during the war was active in patriotic movements. In his later years he operated the Ideal Picture Theatre at Unley, and at the time of his death was a member of the Public Service.
Family.
He died after a year suffering ill-health, leaving a widow and a family of eight children (six sons and two daughters), the eldest being only 19 years of age. Their home was "Surreyville", Hughes Street, Mile End.
He had three brothers: Harry, George, and Will Styles, all living in Adelaide.


Konrad Maurer

Konrad Maurer, since 1876 Konrad von Maurer (April 29, 1823 – September 16, 1902) was a German legal historian. He was the son of legal historian and statesman Georg Ludwig von Maurer (1790–1872). Maurer is considered one of the most significant researchers of Nordic legal and constitutional history.
Biography.
Konrad Heinrich Maurer was born in 1823 in Frankenthal (Palatinate), as the only son of Georg Ludwig von Maurer und Friederike Maurer née Heydweiller. In 1826 the family moved to Munich (Bavaria), where his father was appointed professor of German legal history. Here, Konrad Maurer's mother died when he was seven. His father never remarried. Konrad Maurer spent two years of his childhood in Greece where his father was appointed a member of the council of regency of king Otto of Greece. Afterwards the family returned to Munich.
Bowing to his father's wish, Konrad Maurer studied law at the Universities of Munich, Leipzig and Berlin, earning his doctorate in 1845. In 1847 he became an associate professor, and in 1855 a full professor of legal history at the University of Munich.
Maurer was a leading authority of Germanic/Nordic legal and constitutional history. He had a special interest in Icelandic literature, history, language and culture and was an outspoken advocate for Icelandic political independence from Danish rule, supporting Jón Sigurðsson in his cause.
In 1858, Maurer undertook a personal travel to Iceland. Inspired by his contacts to Jacob Grimm (from the Brothers Grimm), he used the opportunity to collect Icelandic folk tales and published them after his return under the title "Isländische Volkssagen der Gegenwart". This was the first detailed publication of Icelandic folk tales in German.
Maurer read lectures in Munich, Oslo, and Kopenhagen. In 1865, he was appointed a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and in 1876 he was awarded (nonhereditary) knighthood of the Merit Order of the Bavarian Crown. By this he was officially given the title "(Ritter) von Maurer"; however he did not like the title and always preferred to be called just Maurer. In the same year, Maurer was offered his own chair at the University of Christiania, which he declined.
Throughout his life Maurer was a close friend to the Icelandic scholar Guðbrandur Vigfússon, the Norwegian folklorist Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, playwright Henrik Ibsen and writer Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. He retired in 1888 and died 1902 in Munich, where he was buried in Alter Südfriedhof. His considerable library, which he had inherited from his father and expanded to over 9000 volumes, was sold in 1904, for the major part to Harvard University and the rest to the bar association of New York. A part of it is today in the libraries of Yale Law School and George Washington University Law School.
Maurer had eight children. His eldest son Ludwig Maurer became a mathematician.
Konrad Maurer societies.
On 18 September 2016, the German non-profit society "Konrad-Maurer-Gesellschaft e. V." was founded in Munich, with the aim to keep the memory of the scholar and person Konrad Maurer alive and to continue his work. On 21 February 2019, the Icelandic Konrad Maurer society "Konrad Maurer Félag á Íslandi" was founded in Reykjavík.


Cara H. Drinan

Cara H. Drinan is an author, legal expert, and professor of law at The Catholic University of America's Columbus School of Law.
Early life and education.
Drinan received a bachelor's degree from Bowdoin College, a master's degree from Oxford University, and a law degree from Stanford Law School. In 1995, she received a Truman Scholarship and in 1997 she received a Marshall Scholarship.
Law professor.
Drinan frequently appears in the media as a legal expert. Her areas of expertise include justice and juvenile sentencing, criminal justice reform, capital punishment, access to counsel, mass incarceration, clemency, pardons, and parole.
In 2017, Drinan was part of a legal team that convinced Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe to commute the death sentence of Ivan Teleguz, a man many believed to be wrongly convicted. In 2018, she began a program at the Columbus School of Law to document the lack of effective legal representation for economically disadvantaged criminal defendants in the United States.


Shane Davis (astrophysicist)

Shane W. Davis is an American astrophysicist. He is an assistant professor in the department of astronomy at the University of Virginia. Davis was a senior research associate at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics. He was awarded a Sloan Research Fellowship in 2015.
Education.
Davis completed a B.S. in physics with university honors and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Phi at Carnegie Mellon University in 2000. He earned a Ph.D. in physics from University of California, Santa Barbara in 2006. His doctoral advisor was Omer Blaes. His dissertation was titled "Using black hole x-ray binaries as laboratories for probing accretion disk theory in strong gravity". He was a postdoctoral fellow in the school of natural sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study from September 2006 to August 2010. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA) from September 2010 to August 2012.
Career.
Davis was a senior research associate at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics from September 2012 to July 2014. He joined the department of astronomy at University of Virginia in August 2014 as an assistant professor.
Awards and honors.
In 2015, Davis was awarded a Sloan Research Fellowship.


Gretchen Chapman

Gretchen Chapman is a cognitive psychologist known for her work on judgment and decision making in health-related contexts, such as clinical decision making and patient preferences, preventive health behavior, and vaccination. She is Professor of Social and Decision Sciences at Carnegie Mellon University. Chapman served as an Editor of the journal "Psychological Science" and is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.
Chapman received the 1998/1999 American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology in the area of applied research. Her award citation noted her achievement in producing "a steady stream of important research on behavioral decision theory and its application to health. ... [The research] increased our understanding of several basic phenomena, including underadjustment after anchoring, loss-aversion, the sunk-cost effect, and discounting in intertemporal choice. ...She has achieved new insights about the relation between imprudent behaviors, such as smoking, and the general tendency to neglect future consequences. ... Her work is responsible, careful, influential, and yes, wise."
She received the 1996 Division of Experimental Psychology, American Psychological Association award for an outstanding young investigator published in "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied" for her paper "Learning lessons from sunk costs" co-authored by Brian Bornstein Chapman and her colleagues received the 2000 Society for Medical Decision Making Award for Outstanding Paper by a Young Investigator., for their paper "Familiarity and time preferences: Decision making about treatments for migraine headaches and Crohn's disease." Her other awards include the 2011 Distinguished Research Award from the New Jersey Psychological Association.
Chapman co-edited (with Frank Sonnenberg) "Decision Making in Health Care: Theory, Psychology, And Applications."
Biography.
Chapman was raised in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. She graduated with honors from Bryn Mawr College with a Bachelors of Arts degree in Psychology in 1985. At Bryn Mawr, Chapman conducted research on Pavlovian conditioning with Dick Gonzalez. Chapman pursued her PhD in Experimental Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania where she initially worked with Robert Rescorla on studies of animal learning. Chapman shifted her research focus while engaged in research with fellow graduate student Steven Robbins, and completed her PhD in 1990, with her dissertation titled "Models of contingency judgment." She was a post-doctoral fellow in the Decision Sciences and Marketing Departments at the Wharton School at The University of Pennsylvania from 1990 to 1992, where she conducted research on anchoring with Eric J. Johnson.
Chapman was Assistant Professor of Clinical Decision Making in the Department of Medical Education, at the College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago from 1992 to 1996. From 1993 to 1996 she worked as a Research Health Scientist in the Health Services Research Department of Veteran Affairs in the West Side Medical Center in Chicago. Chapman moved to Rutgers University in 1996 and remained there until 2017. She was a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology and served as Chair and Director of Graduate Studies while at Rutgers.
Chapman joined the faculty of Carnegie Mellon University as Professor of Social and Decision Sciences in 2017.
Research.
Chapman's research program examined the psychological processes underlying decision making with the aim of designing theoretically-motivated, policy-relevant interventions to facilitate healthy and prosocial behavior, such as vaccination and blood donation. Her research on decision making addresses a variety of topics including the default effect, goals and social comparisons, and allocation of scarce resources. One of main ideas in decision research is that decision makers code outcomes as gains or losses relative to a reference point. Chapman's research has shown that goals can act as a reference point, such that falling short of a goal is coded as a loss.
Chapman has studied the role of time preferences in health behavior by studying compliance with hypertension medication regimens, cholesterol-lowering medication, and annual flu vaccines. She also pursued the study of differences between time preferences for health and money, finding, for example, that agreement between the two domains is improved when decision makers view health as money. Chapman is interested in factors that drive vaccination decisions because these decisions can be a window onto a number of fundamental psychological phenomena including temporal discounting and prosocial behavior.


Mohammad Tabrani

Mohammad Tabrani Soerjowitjitro (10 October 1904 – 12 January 1984) was an Indonesian journalist and politician. He originated from the island of Madura and received journalistic education in Europe. In his early journalistic career, Tabrani was a major proponent of the Indonesian language as a national language. Later on, he became the editor of the "Pemandangan" newspaper and promoted the independence of Indonesia through parliamentary means.
Early life and education.
Tabrani was born in Pamekasan, Madura, on 10 October 1904 and he began his education at a MULO in Surabaya, before continuing to an AMS in Bandung. He then enrolled at the civil servant school for native Indonesians ("Opleiding School Voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren"), still in Bandung. During this period, he was active in youth nationalist organizations such as the Jong Java.
Career.
Tabrani had begun to work as a journalist in Agus Salim's newspaper "Hindia Baroe", where he was a senior journalist by 1926. At "Hindia Baroe", Tabrani wrote an editorial on 10 January 1926, where he first proposed the term "Bahasa Indonesia" (Indonesian language) to refer to the common language used by people in the Indies. In another editorial titled "Bahasa Indonesia" published a month later on 11 February, he was more openly nationalistic:
He later prepared and organized the First "Youth Congress" in 1926, which brought together several Indonesian youth organizations. Tabrani chaired the preparatory committee for the congress itself. During the congress in 30 April – 2 May 1926, the attendees agreed on the use of the Malay language as the national language following a proposal by Mohammad Yamin, but Tabrani opposed, calling for the language to referred to as the "Indonesian language and not the Malay language, despite containing Malay elements".
During the Second Youth Congress of 1928, which resulted in the Youth Pledge, Tabrani was absent, as he was travelling and studying in Europe. For some time, he also studied journalism in Berlin and Cologne, in addition to studying German stenography which he completed in 1929 at The Hague. To gain journalistic experience, he also worked at Dutch newspapers "Het Volk" and "De Telegraaf". He remained in Europe until 1931. In 1929, while at The Hague, he published a book titled "Ons Wapen: den national Indonesische pers and hare organisatie", which outlined plans to develop nationalist newspapers in Indonesia.
Tabrani organized a political party in September 1930, the "Partai Rakjat Indonesia" (Indonesian People's Party) which advocated collaboration with Dutch authorities and called for parliamentary pursuits of Indonesian independence, though it did not gain much traction. He also started a political magazine titled "Revue Politik", before later on joining the newspaper "Pemandangan" as its editor. After the Soetardjo Petition of 1936 was submitted to the Volksraad, Tabrani (as "Pemandangan"s editor at the time) was an enthusiastic supporter, and he successfully campaigned for the creation of a committee to implement the petition.
Tabrani then participated in the first congress of the Indonesian Journalists' Union ("Persatoean Djoernalis Indonesia"/Perdi) in 1934, when he spoke on "Journalism and the movement and the public interest." Tabrani was later elected as chairman of that organization in 1938, and reelected in 1939. During his presidency and time at "Pemandangan", the Second World War erupted in Europe, and immediately after the Dutch capitulation the Dutch police banned "Pemandangan" for an article published on it. There was also a public affair with Volksraad member Mohammad Husni Thamrin, who questioned "Pemandangan"s coverage of the war. Eventually, Tabrani resigned his Perdi presidency in 1940. In June 1940, Tabrani attacked Thamrin through an editorial, accusing Thamrin of not securing the release of Amir Sjarifuddin. Tabrani later entered service of the colonial government, heading the data section of the war propaganda department.
Following the Japanese invasion and the ensuing occupation, Tabrani for some time worked as an editor of the "Tjahaja" newspaper based in Bandung. He was at some point during the occupation imprisoned and was tortured, crippling his leg. After his release, he became chief editor of the Japanese-sponsored newspaper "Indonesia Merdeka".
During the Indonesian National Revolution, Tabrani acted as secretary of the war and political prisoners committee. After Indonesia's independence, he for some time managed the PNI-owned "Suluh Indonesia" newspaper. In 1973, after some convincing from former Jakarta mayor Sudiro, he published his memoir of the First Youth Congress. He died on 12 January 1984.
Legacy.
Tabrani is often credited with the creation of the Indonesian language, and the Language Development Agency of the Ministry of Education of Culture proposed in 2019 that Tabrani be made a National Hero of Indonesia. His grave in the Tanah Kusir Cemetery in Jakarta is a memorial site dedicated to his work.


Jackie Tileston

Jackie Tileston (born 1960, Manila, Philippines) is an American artist and painter. She is associate professor of fine arts in the School of Design at The University of Pennsylvania. She is the recipient of the 2006 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship in painting and the 2004 Pew Fellowship in the Arts.


Arthur Terry

Arthur Hubert Terry (17 February 1927 – 24 January 2004) was an English philologist, critic and translator, who was an expert in Catalan literature, and one of the best experts on Joan Maragall. He was Professor of Spanish at Queen's University Belfast (1962–73) and Professor of Literature at the University of Essex (1973–93).
Biography.
Terry was born in York in 1927 and studied at Saint Peter's school in the same city. In 1947 he got his philology degree at the University of Cambridge, where he was pupil of J. B.Trend. He came to Barcelona for the first time in 1949 through a grant in order to study early Catalan monasticism. From 1950 until 1972 he taught Hispanic languages and literatures at the Queen's University Belfast, where he was professor from 1962 until 1973 (succeeding Ignacio González-Llubera). Then he was appointed literature professor at the University of Essex in 1973; he remained in the chair until retirement in 1993. In 1976 he published an anthology of Ausiàs March's poems with English translations and coordinated a series of essays about Tirant lo Blanc. He was a great expert in modern Catalan poetry, and also in Spanish poetry. His study about Antonio Machado's "Campos de Castilla" in 1973 must be pointed out. His translations into English from Joan Brossa and Gabriel Ferrater must also be pointed out.
Awards.
He was president of the Anglo-Catalan Society from 1962 to 1965 and from the International Assotiation of Catalan Language and Literature from 1982 to 1988. In 1982 he received the Creu de Sant Jordi Award, in 1995 he received the Ramon Llull International Prize and in 2001 the Serra d'Or Critics Prize.


Ben Peterson

Benjamin Lee "Ben" Peterson (born June 27, 1950) is a retired American freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics and won a gold and a silver medal, respectively. As a college wrestler, Peterson was a two-time NCAA champion at Iowa State. He founded the "Camp of Champs," which brought in Olympic wrestlers to train with high schoolers. Peterson also coached wrestling at Maranatha Baptist University for 28 years.
Early life.
Peterson was born in Barron County, Wisconsin but grew up on a dairy farm in nearby Comstock. While attending Cumberland High School, Peterson competed in both football and wrestling. As a senior, he finished 2nd in the state wrestling tournament.
College career.
Peterson continued his wrestling career at Iowa State University where he competed in the 190 pound weight class and studied architecture. Peterson continued his success capturing three Big Eight championships and back-to-back NCAA titles in 1971 and 1972.
Peterson would later be one of the first inductees into the Iowa State Hall of Fame in 1998.
International career and coaching.
After his prep career came to an end, Peterson continued competing at the international level with great success. At the 1972 Munich Olympics Peterson won gold in the 90 kg division. He followed that up with Bronze at the '73 World Championships in Tehran and Gold at the Mexico City hosted '75 Pan American Games. At the 1976 Montreal Olympics, Peterson would once again return to the podium with Silver in the 90 kg weight class. at the conclusion of the Montreal Olympic games, Peterson would retire from competitive wrestling to focus on coaching.
In 1972 Peterson began his coaching career as head coach at Maranatha Baptist University in Watertown, WI. A position he would hold for the next 28 years. In 1977 Ben along with his brother John would start the Camp of Champs Wrestling Camps. The camp is a faith-based wrestling skills camp.
Ben was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2002.
Peterson Roll.
Ben is often credited with having invented a version of the Granby Roll wrestling move, popularly called the Peterson Roll, but denies having invented the move. He says that he used the move during the widely viewed Olympic Games, which is one reason the move became connected to him.
Olympic game matches.
! Res.
! Record
! Opponent
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! Event
! Location
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Bassari language

Basari, or Oniyan (Onian, Onëyan, Ayan, Biyan, Wo), is a Senegambian language of Senegal and Guinea spoken by the Bassari people, who are traditional hunter-gatherers.
Writing system.
This is the writing system of Senegal:
This is the writing system of Guinea, which uses the Guinean languages alphabet:


Anders Fjell

Anders Martin Fjell (born 17 April 1974) is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist and Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Oslo. Together with his wife, fellow neuroscientist Kristine Beate Walhovd, he established the Centre of Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition at the University of Oslo, which was given the status of "world leading research environment" by the Government of Norway in 2015. He and his wife shared the Fridtjof Nansen Prize in 2007. He was elected as a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2017. According to Google Scholar, he has been cited around 14,000 times in scientific literature and has an h-index of 67.


Empire Club of Canada

The Empire Club of Canada is a Canadian speakers' forum. Established in 1903, the Empire Club has provided a forum for over 3,500 different speakers.
Through a variety of presentation formats, the Empire Club invites local, national and international leaders and other change-agents to address the topical, relevant issues of the day. The club is based in Toronto, Ontario, with luncheon-style meetings held at the Royal York Hotel or another venue of similar calibre.
History.
The Empire Club of Canada was established in 1903 as a result of a political discussion which created considerable unrest in Canada. Growing dissent against the British was influencing Toronto's political and social landscape. In an attempt to refrain from a hasty, myopic severing of ties with the British Empire, a group of men under the leadership of Brig.-Gen. James Mason discussed the creation of an organization that would promote public discourse and discussion about key issues of the day, both at home and abroad.
With this mandate in mind, the group gathered to draft the constitution for a new club to be named The Empire Club of Canada. Canada's "Imperial bond" with Britain was the cornerstone of the Empire Club of Canada, as its founders believed it would be beneficial to Canada to maintain strong political and economic ties with the Empire. This organization, with a plan of weekly luncheons, which would be addressed by prominent individuals who spoke with authority on the issues of the day, would also have the distinctive basis of the British connection in its work and policy. Membership was restricted to British subjects—there was no legal Canadian citizenship at the time—who would pay dues of one dollar a year, with a maximum membership of 500. Within a month, membership exceeded 300. A year or two later, the club had a waiting list of those wishing to join.
The first luncheon speaker on December 3, 1903, was a clergyman and professor, William Clark, who said: "I can quite understand that to many persons, the formation of a club of this kind will seem a very little thing, ... I have not the least doubt that this Club will become of great influence and power in this Dominion". Clark's address became the first of many, with the Empire Club's podium hosting countless great leaders of politics, business, social issues and arts & culture. Notable speakers include Winston Churchill, Stephen Leacock, Indira Gandhi, Billy Graham, Ronald Reagan, A.Y. Jackson, The Dalai Lama, Bill Gates, Audrey Hepburn, Mark Carney and nearly every Canadian Prime Minister since Robert Borden.
The Empire Club of Canada continues to be recognized as one of Canada's oldest and most important speakers forums. Since its inaugural meeting in December 1903, the Empire Club of Canada has provided a forum to discuss ongoing issues of local, national and international importance. More than 3,500 addresses have been delivered from the Empire Club podium, and every address is kept on record in the Empire Club of Canada's annual Red Book. Upcoming speakers can be found alongside the historic speeches at www.empireclub.org.
Notable speakers.
Some highly notable speakers who have addressed the Empire Club podium have included:
The Empire Club Foundation.
The Empire Club Foundation was incorporated in January 1969 and serves as a vehicle for the publication and wide-distribution of the annual compilation of speeches. Copies are sent to a large distribution of schools, libraries, consulates and embassies.
Registered as a charity, its objectives are to promote the interest in current and public affairs, and to establish a historical database of all Empire Club speeches. All of the Empire Club speeches since 1903 are available via the Empire Club's website. In 2010, John Koopman, Past President of the Empire Club of Canada, was appointed as the Chair of the Empire Club Foundation.
List of club presidents.
The following people have served as president of the Empire Club:
In popular culture.
The Empire Club was featured in an episode of the long running historical crime drama series, "Murdoch Mysteries", with guest star William Shatner. The episode first aired on October 12, 2015.


Teme language

Teme is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.


James Taft Hatfield

James Taft Hatfield (15 June 1862 – 3 October 1945) was an American philologist and professor at Northwestern University where for many years he was the head of the German Department. Although he also published works on comparative linguistics, Sanskrit, church music, and American folklore, he was primarily known for his contributions to German studies, and in particular his studies on the writings of Goethe and Wilhelm Müller and on the influence of German culture in the works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Life and career.
Hatfield was born in Brooklyn, New York into a family of prominent Methodist clergymen. After completing his secondary education at Rugby Academy in Philadelphia, he attended Northwestern University, receiving his BA in 1883 and his MA in 1886. Between 1884 and 1886 he also taught classics at Rust College and at the McCormack Institute, a private Methodist school in DeFuniak Springs, Florida. After further studies in China, India, Japan, and Germany, he attended Johns Hopkins University. There he continued his studies in classics under Henry Wood and was awarded a PhD in 1890. His doctoral dissertation on Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Juvencus, a 4th-century Roman Spanish Christian and composer of Latin poetry, was published as a book that same year and reviewed by Robinson Ellis in "The Classical Review".
Hatfield began his main academic career in 1889 when was appointed Professor of Latin and Greek at Northwestern. He later became Professor of German Language and Literature there, remaining in that post until his retirement in 1934. However, during those years he also taught for various periods in European universities and in 1898 served in the Spanish–American War as a seaman on the US cruiser "Yale" as well as writing as a war correspondent for the "Chicago Record". Hatfield had strongly held views on what he saw as the philistinism pervading American life of the time. In a 1902 address to the Modern Language Association he asserted that the "brutish" age of commercialism not only threatened academia itself, but also excluded its scholars from contributing to the nation's welfare. That same year he responded to criticisms in the Evanston press that Northwestern's academics were aloof from the social life of the town with a rebuke that was even covered in newspapers outside the state:
The real point of attack between the town and gown is the presumption of money, which has (occasionally perhaps) come to arrogate to itself the claim to control in spheres which do not lie in the jurisdiction of that unclean article. We spend our precious time in working over our science for the easier comprehension of people who have more real admiration for a Bradley-Martin dinner or a Vanderbilt ball than the genius of Aristotle or Goethe. Aren't these services worth more to the community than custards, highballs and ping-pong, or so-called 'social Evanston'?
In 1934, the year of his retirement from Northwestern, Hatfield was elected President of the Modern Language Association. His presidential address was characterised by literary scholar Jeffrey L. Sammons as "a conservative attack" on the threat to undergraduate curriculum standards posed by Realism, Modernism, and innovations in literary criticism, In the address he complained of the "philistines" who were broadening the definition of literature to include "prospectuses for oil-burning furnaces and folders of omnibus lines. In February 1936 Hatfield made a lecture tour to Germany at the invitation of the Deutsche Akademie in Munich. His four lectures, "German culture in the United States", "The American educational system", "American life in town and country", and "Longfellow, a transmitter of German culture" were delivered at ten German universities and were later published by Northwestern University Press in both the original German and English translation. In his later years, he wrote articles for the Evanston Historical Society and an article on 19th-century sea shanties for the "Journal of American Folklore". Hatfield died of a heart attack at the age of 83 while travelling from Chicago to his home in Evanston.


Nancy D. Erbe

Nancy Diane Erbe is an American negotiation, conflict resolution and peacebuilding professor at California State University, Dominguez Hills (CSUDH). Over the course of her career, she has collaborated with a wide spectrum of individuals and groups representing more than 80 countries, from colleagues and associates to clients and students, on these issues. She is a Fulbright Scholar, Senior Specialist in Peace and Conflict Resolution, and a Fulbright Distinguished Chair( first and only to date for CSUDH). She has received four Fulbright Honors to date including two in the same year (2015) which is extremely rare. She is the recipient of the Presidential Outstanding Professor Award-2015. In 2015 she along with her husband facilitated start of the Arab world's first Master's Program in Peace Studies in West Bank. She has been a reviewer for Fulbright Commission in Egypt since 2016.
Life and education.
Nancy Erbe graduated from University of Minnesota with a Juris Doctor (cum laude), and Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution, Pepperdine University School of Law with an L.L.M. She was the Founding Director of Rotary Center for International Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution, University of California, Berkeley. She has published over thirty-five books, law journals, and chapters/articles including Harvard Negotiation Law Journal and other renowned forums. Her law article on human trafficking has been translated by the U.N. into several languages.


Gustav Parthey

Gustav Friedrich Konstantin Parthey (27 October 1798 – 2 April 1872) was a German philologist and art historian.
Life.
Born in Berlin, Parthey was the son of (1745–1822), Geheimrat in the General Finance Directorate in Berlin, and Wilhelmine Nicolai (-1803), the eldest daughter of Friedrich Nicolai. His sister, the diarist Lili (1800–1829) married the composer Bernhard Klein.
Parthey graduated from the Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster in Berlin. Later he studied philosophy and archaeology in Berlin and Heidelberg, where he graduated in 1820. In the following years he travelled through France, England, Italy, Greece and the Orient. In 1824 he married Wilhelmine Mitterbacher from Karlovy Vary. From 1825 he lived again in Berlin. Due to the privileged position of his family, he never knew about material worries.
Parthey was in charge of the and as a private scholar he was engaged in art and cultural history studies. He published several works.
1857 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He died in Rome.


Thomas W. Laqueur

Thomas Walter Laqueur (born September 6, 1945) is an American historian, sexologist and writer. He is the author of "Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation" and "Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud" as well as many articles and reviews. He is the winner of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation's 2007 Distinguished Achievement Award, and is currently the Helen Fawcett Distinguished Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley, located in Berkeley, California. Laqueur was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2015.
Thought.
One-sex model.
Laqueur wrote that there was an ancient "one-sex model", in which the woman was only described as imperfect man / human and he postulates that definitions of sex/gender were historically different and changeable.
This argument has been challenged by some historians of science, notably Katharine Park and Robert A. Nye; Monica Green, Heinz-Jürgen Voss, and Helen King, who reject the suggestion that ancient descriptions show a homogenous model, the one-sex model which then mutated in the 18th century to a two-sex model. They encourage a more differentiated perception that makes clear that gender theories of natural philosophy as well as biology and medicine, are embedded and constructed in certain social contexts.


68th Writers Guild of America Awards

The 68th Writers Guild of America Awards honored the best in film, television, radio and video-game writing of 2015. Winners were announced on February 13, 2016 at Hyatt Regency Century Plaza, Los Angeles, California. The nominations for Television, New Media, Radio, News and Promotional Writing were announced on December 3, 2015, while, Theatrical and Documentary Screenplay were announced on January 6, 2016, and Video-game Writing was announced the following week. There were no nominees in the Television Graphic Art and Animation.
The show was hosted by Lisa Kudrow.


Philip Burton Jr.

Philip Burton Jr. (December 9, 1934December 24, 2010) was a documentary filmmaker whose subjects included African-Americans and American government.


Zhiguo He

Zhiguo He is a Chinese financial economist serving as the Fuji Bank and Heller Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, where he has taught since 2008. He is also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, faculty director of BFI-China at the Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics, faculty co-director of the Fama-Miller Center, member of the academy committee at the Luohan Academy, and special-term Alibaba Foundation Professor of Finance at Tsinghua University. He earned his Ph.D. from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
Research.
He’s research focuses on the implications of agency frictions and debt maturities in financial markets and macroeconomics, especially related to contract theory and banking. His most-cited paper “Intermediary Asset Pricing,” co-authored with Arvind Krishnamurthy, presents a model explaining financial crises in markets with complex securities such as mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds. Complicating the traditional asset pricing literature, which considers financial intermediaries to be veils for household investors, this paper understands intermediaries to be marginal investors and offers a framework for understanding and evaluating government policies during such a financial crisis.
More recently, He has been studying rapidly developing Chinese financial markets and cryptocurrency. For example, “The Financing of Local Government in China: Stimulus Loan Wanes and Shadow Banking Waxes,” co-authored with Zhuo Chen and Chun Liu, attributes the rise of shadow banking around 2013 in China to a stimulus loan hangover effect that results from the four-trillion-yuan stimulus package in 2009 and draws parallels to a similar phenomenon in the US national banking era. His paper on cryptocurrency, “Decentralized Mining in Centralized Pools,” co-authored with L. William Cong and Jiasun Li, highlights that while risk sharing leads to the consolidation of mining pools, over-consolidation of mining pools is not a concern as long as miners can freely allocate their hash rates.
Awards.
In 2008, He received the Lehman Brothers Fellowship for Research Excellence in Finance and in 2014, he received a Sloan Research Fellowship. He has won both top paper prizes from the Journal of Finance, winning the 2012 Brattle Group First Prize for his paper “Rollover Risk and Credit Risk,” co-authored with Wei Xiong, and the 2014 Amundi Smith-Breeden First Prize for his paper “A Theory of Debt Maturity: The Long and Short of Debt Overhang,” co-authored with Douglas Diamond. He was also named a Rising Star at Fordham University’s 2018 Rising Stars Conference.


Willms Buhse

Willms Buhse (born 3 November 1970 in Langenhagen, West Germany) is a German business executive, author, speaker and consultant based in Hamburg. His work focuses on innovative leadership strategies, covering as well the technical aspects of enterprise 2.0 as the philosophical aspects of change management and organizational transformation. In 2006 and 2007 Buhse was named one of the "Top 50 Most influential People in Mobile Entertainment".
In 2009 Buhse founded the Enterprise 2.0-consulting company doubleYUU and currently works there as CEO. Among their customers are Renesas, Lufthansa, Volkswagen AG and Daimler. Prior to that he was Executive Director at CoreMedia since 2003. From 2002-2006, he also served as Vice Chair for the Open Mobile Alliance working on open standards for mobile.
Before that he was over five years at Bertelsmann AG in Gütersloh, Hamburg and New York City. There he co-founded Digital World Services. He worked on projects with AOL, AT&T, Napster and Universal. Before, he was a consultant in technology and strategy projects at the German top-management consultancy group Roland Berger Strategy Consultants and advised companies like Volkswagen and Deutsche Bahn.
Buhse holds degrees in industrial engineering (Dipl.-Ing.) and in management sciences (Dipl.-Oec.) from the Leibniz University Hannover (Germany) and Madrid (Spain) and a Ph.D. in economics from the Technical University of Munich.
Buhse is author and editor of five books and has been speaking at over 100 conferences and panels on the effect of networking on different industries.
He lives in Hamburg with his wife Daniela, his son Ben and Labrador Retriever Lucky.


Paul Satz

Paul Satz (September 12, 1932 – June 20, 2010) was an American psychologist, and one of the founders of the discipline neuropsychology. His research on the relationship between the brain and human behavior spanned diverse topics including laterality, handedness, and developmental disorders. He published over 300 publications, received numerous grants and awards, and established the first neuropsychology lab. Towards the latter part of his career, Satz's research interests focused more on the cognitive deficits associated with head injury, dementia, and ageing.
Early life and education.
Paul Satz was born in Ware, Massachusetts to Leo and Milly Satz. He was the elder to his three siblings George, Ada and Ruth. Shortly after graduating high school, he moved to Florida to attend the University of Miami. From the University of Miami, Satz received both his Bachelor's degree (1957) and his Master's degree in clinical psychology (1959). He then went on to complete his PhD in clinical psychology at the University of Kentucky, under the supervision of Jesse Harris. In 1963, the American Institutes for Research (AIR) awarded Satz the Creative Talent Award, for his dissertation work (The Block Rotation Task); a task used to predict organic brain disorder. The same year, he began a post-doctoral position at the University of Florida within the Department of Psychiatry.
Research career.
A year after beginning his post-doc at the University of Florida (UF), Satz accepted a faculty position from UF's chair of the Department of Clinical Psychology, Dr. Louis Cohen. As a UF faculty member, he created UF's first neuropsychology subspecialty, and opened the first neuropsychology research laboratory. Along with colleague Ken Heilman, Satz developed UF's first course in neuropsychology, Human Higher Brain Function, which is still offered to graduate students today. At this point in time, Satz's research interests included developmental disorders such as dyslexia, as well as handedness, laterality and how these relate to speech and language processes.
Satz's neuropsychology laboratory, the first of its kind, focused on providing graduate students with a comprehensive training in this new-found area, neuropsychology. He received his first National Institutes of Health grant to study predictors of childhood dyslexia. His students assisted in what would become the Florida Longitudinal Project, which studied developmental dyslexia in students from Kindergarten through sixth grade. In addition to NIH grants supporting his work in children, Satz also received NIH funding to conduct handedness and laterality studies in adults. His work on cerebral dominance and reading disabilities was recognized by the International Reading Association in 1977 when he was awarded the Albert J. Harris Award.
Satz assisted in the founding of the International Neuropsychological Society (INS), and became its president in 1974. He left the University of Florida in 1979. Before accepting a position at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1981, Satz spent two short years at the University of Victoria. While at UCLA, Satz founded the neuropsychology program at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior. His work on laterality, handedness and learning disabilities received many accolades; in 1988, the American Board of Professional Psychology awarded Satz its Meritorious Service Award, and in 1996 he received the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Knowledge.
Handedness, laterality, and developmental disorders.
The most notable of Satz's work include his studies on left-handedness, how handedness relates to brain laterality, and the relationship between hand preference, brain laterality and developmental disorders. In one of his earlier studies, Satz found that self-reported hand preference in left-handers was unreliable, and that left-handers vary more in speech laterality than right-handers. Another seminal study by Satz and colleagues included their 1971 publication theorizing that there is no single mechanism underlying the developmental disorder dyslexia. Instead, the authors suggested and provided evidence that the disorder involves multiple lags in central nervous system maturation and that the behavioral manifestations are linked to developmental ages. For many years, Satz went on to publish a number of studies on pathological left-handedness (PHL); PHL is considered left-handedness as a result of head injuries to the left side of the brain.
Personal life.
In the 1960s Paul Satz married his wife Gladys, and they had three children: Mark, Julie, and Scott. He died on June 20, 2010 from cancer.


V5 interface

V5 is a family of telephone network protocols defined by ETSI which allow communications between the telephone exchange, also known in the specifications as the local exchange (LE), and the local loop. With potentially thousands of subscribers connected to the LE there is the problem of physically managing thousands of wires out to the local subscribers (and the costs associated with that). Prior to the specification of V5 the manufacturers of exchange equipment had proprietary solutions to the problem. These solutions did not inter-operate and meant being tied into a single manufacturer's method at each exchange.
V5 provided a standard set of protocols from the subscriber to the LE. The AN (or Access Network) was defined as a reference point. Signalling between this point and the LE was standardised and therefore allowed a multiple vendor solution, provided the specifications were followed. This resulted in a single link (or in the case of V5.2 multiple links) from the AN to the LE, reducing the need for many lines along this point (or more likely no need for a proprietary solution to manage the single link). The final link to the local loop remained the same with digital signalling (ISDN) and analogue signalling for basic telephony (also known as POTS in the industry).
The protocols are based on the principle of common-channel signaling where message-based signalling for all subscribers uses the same signalling channel(s) rather than separate channels existing for different subscribers.
V5 comes in two forms:
The layer 3 protocols.
V5.1 only supports the Control, PSTN and ISDN protocols. V5.2 also supports BCC, Link Control and Protection protocols.
V5 layer 3 protocols are transported on a layer 2 protocol called LAPV5, a variation of the LAP-D or Link Access Procedures, D channel ISDN transport layer.
V5 is a protocol stack which controls circuit-switched communication paths.
Subsequent developments.
Portions of V5 were re-used for a new service known as Narrowband Multimedia Delivery Service (or NMDS). In particular the PSTN protocol was re-used and combined with ISDN to provide a service to the subscriber. This allowed a digital connection to the subscribers house and the re-use of analogue phones across the digital connection. The AN reference point was replaced by an ISDN-like NTE. This NTE managed an analogue service and a basic rate ISDN service to the subscribers home.


The Beacon School

The Beacon School (also called Beacon High School) is a selective college-preparatory public high school in the Hell's Kitchen area of Manhattan in New York City, near Times Square and the Theater District. Beacon's curriculum exceeds the standards set by the New York State Regents, and as a member of the New York Performance Standards Consortium, its students are exempt from taking most Regents exams. Instead, students present performance-based projects at the end of each semester to panels of teachers. Beacon offers opportunities to participate in student organizations, varsity athletics, community service, and international travel.
Beacon has a Stock Market Club, Debate Team, Model Congress, Model UN, Math Club, Beacon Drama Arts Theater (B'DAT), Film Club, Photo Club, Arts Committee, Senior Committee, Yearbook, Beacon Ink Literary Magazine, Live Poet's Society, Student Leadership Team, and Student Government, as well as a wide variety of additional student clubs and activities such as "Beacon Ink," the student-run literary magazine that publishes creative writing and artwork.
Beacon was founded in 1993 as an alternative to the Regents Exam-based testing system in favor of portfolio-based assessment. The school's purpose was also purportedly to keep class sizes down and total student population at, or just above, one thousand students. The total population, for example, was once listed in a 1998 high school selection guide as "less [sic] than 600 students." Over time, Beacon was forced to accept certain aspects of the Regents-based testing curriculum, and to abandon its portfolio-assessment system as the sole method of graduation, which had been the case until mid-1999. Beacon now utilizes, in its own words, "traditional testing ... [but] our students' progress is largely assessed through performance-based projects, completed individually and in groups. To graduate, students must present their best work to panels of teachers."
Academics.
Overview.
The class schedule at the Beacon School is organized in bands, designated by letters A through H. As a Beacon student advances in grade level, s/he is gradually given more opportunity to choose classes of his or her choice in the subject area of the band in question, rather than relying on his or her stream to do the selecting. This is both a preparatory measure for the university system of class selection, where students are permitted to select all their classes themselves on an individual basis, as well as a means of allowing students the ability to find what interests them among the course offerings.
Beacon also offers several Advanced Placement courses. AP courses are currently available for biology, calculus, physics, and Spanish. Students take the Advanced Placement exam at the end of the course, and have an opportunity to attain college credits.
In-school requirements.
Though the yearly schedule is broken into two semesters, these are not standard United States college semesters. Most academic classes are year-long courses, so students generally return to their classes with the same teachers for the second semester. Students have the opportunity to change electives at the end of each semester. Certain science courses are offered to students on a per-semester basis.
Internships and community service.
The school does not require its students to do internships, but internship opportunities are available for those that want to pursue them. A minimum of 50 hours of community service hours is a strictly enforced graduation requirement, and can be fulfilled however a student likes, as long as s/he clears the work with a community service leader in writing before beginning it. The community service program is led by a faculty advisor but taught by a group of dedicated 11th and 12th graders called "The Community Service Leadership Team". This group of students plan lessons and activities to get lowerclassmen excited about community service placements across the city at non-profits such as the Added Value Farm in Red Hook, Brooklyn and Community Voices Heard in East Harlem.
Beacon states:
"Every tenth grader (15-16 year old) at the Beacon School takes the Community Service class in either the Fall or Spring semester. We try to provide internships that are educational for students and at the same time meaningful for the community. Beacon students reflect on their experience in written journals and in a weekly classroom seminar."
"Beacon students are expected to work five hours per week over a semester (about 4 months) in a site that they select" but they may complete the hours through the course of 1 year. They may negotiate any work schedule that is convenient to themselves and their community service site. A total of 50 hours is required for passing credit in the course. Students who complete 75 hours are eligible for "honors" credit."
Campus.
1993 to 2015.
For its first year, The Beacon School was located inside Fordham University, Lincoln Center Campus. It also utilized John Jay College of Criminal Justice's facilities for physical education. From 1994 to 2015, the school had been located three blocks from Jay, at 227 West 61st Street, a former warehouse completed in 1919, alongside the Amsterdam Houses, a group of New York City Housing Authority projects. This The Beacon School location has been replaced by West End Secondary School. It was in an area with many other schools, including Public School 191 and Abraham Joshua Heschel School across the street.
2015 to Present.
As of September, 2015, Beacon occupies a seven-story building located at 522 West 44th Street, between 10th and 11th avenues. The building, previously used as a book warehouse by the New York Public Library was sold to the School Construction Authority for $45 million in August, 2011. Construction began in August, 2012, with a ground breaking ceremony attended by high-ranking city officials including City Council Speaker Christine Quinn, Department of Education Chancellor Dennis Walcott, and Mayor Michael Bloomberg. The building, built by Skanska USA for $88 million, houses a full-sized cafeteria, black-box theater, dance studio, auditorium, film lab, and library, with writing labs, art studios, and study spaces throughout the building.
Culture.
The Beacon School offers extracurricular activities such as after school theater and studio stage crew, book club, a rock climbing club, a dance club, a Live Poets Society, Entrepreneurship club, art club, music performance, a photo club, a Senior Committee (populated by seniors who are responsible for helping with plans for graduation and the annual senior trip), and a Model United Nations club. The Beacon School has a debate team. Beacon has had a Student Government since 2016, with SG student members representing student voice in the School Leadership Team. The school also features numerous social justice clubs and affinity groups, such as Black Student Union, Muslim Student Union, Asian Student Union, Integrate Beacon, Young Democratic Socialists, and more. It features charity clubs, such as Project ABLE, which raises money for libraries in Africa, and the Kids for Kids Club, which raises money for local and nonlocal causes.
In 2007 the school made front page news after David Andreatta confirmed that the school took illegal trips to Cuba. At the end of the school year the teacher involved, Nathan Turner, resigned. In 2005, then Lt. Governor Paterson sent his daughter on one such trip. Alumni reaction to the trips was mixed, with some alumni continuing to be involved in activism, while others have expressed frustration with the liberal leanings of their teachers and peers.
Educational travel has become an important part of the educational culture. Past destinations included India, Cuba, Spain, England, Ireland, Venezuela, France, Sweden, Costa Rica, Mexico, Mozambique, South Africa, and New Orleans.
Athletics.
The Beacon School offers an array of athletic teams for its students. Sports including fencing, softball, track, wrestling, bowling, basketball, Ultimate, soccer, cross country, and tennis form a part of the culture at Beacon.
In 2014, Beacon's tennis team won the national tennis championship as a result of taking first place at the All-American Invitational Boys Tennis Tournament in Corona del Mar, California. Because the school does not have a practice space of its own, the school uses many of the city's public access facilities. In addition, the boys baseball team advanced to the Public School Athletic League (PSAL) AAA championship game, which was played in Yankee Stadium on June 4 in which they lost to Gregorio Luperon HS for Science and Math with a final score of four to five.
Beacon Model UN.
Beacon's Model United Nations debates solutions to international issues, and attends conferences within New York City, as well as throughout the United States.
In 2016, Beacon's delegation placed first among 174 schools from over 30 countries in the Global Classrooms Model United Nations conference. The conference, held annually at United Nations Headquarters, is sponsored by the United Nations Association of the United States in collaboration with the Lebanese American University.
Since 2016, Beacon's Model United Nations program has been cited at the top of "Best Delegate"'s annual list of the world's best high school Model UN teams. The rankings, calculated based on data aggregated from the 30 most competitive Model UN conferences in North America, divide teams into groups by region and overall standing. Beacon is ranked in the Top 25 Overall category, the highest level of recognition awarded by the publication.
Performing arts.
B'DAT (Beacon Drama Art Theatre) is Beacon's extracurricular theater program, spearheaded by Jo Ann Cimato.
Beacon Music is Beacon's music performance and sonic arts program, largely focusing on contemporary music, recording, and mixing. It is led by Brian Letiecq.
Student demographics.
, student demographics were as follows: 48.7% White, 22.8% Hispanic, 13.5% Black, 9% Asian, Two Races 5.7%. Approximately 65 out of 100 students are female. Students commute from all boroughs of New York City, however the plurality of students reside in Manhattan and Brooklyn. The school has experienced a significant decline in the number of Black and Hispanic students since its founding due to changes in the admissions policy.


Alessandro Alessandroni

Alessandro Alessandroni (18 March 1925 – 26 March 2017) was an Italian musician and composer. He played multiple
instruments, including the guitar, mandolin, mandolincello, sitar, accordion and piano, and composed more than 40 film scores and countless library music.
Biography.
Alessandroni collaborated with his childhood friend Ennio Morricone on a number of soundtracks for Spaghetti Westerns. Morricone's orchestration often calls for an unusual combination of instruments, voices, and whistling. Alessandroni's twangy guitar riff is central to the main theme for "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly". Alessandroni can be heard as the whistler on the soundtracks for Sergio Leone's films, including "A Fistful of Dollars", "For a Few Dollars More", "Once Upon a Time in the West", and "Pervirella". He also collaborated with Morricone in scoring the 1974 film "Around the World with Peynet's Lovers".
Alessandroni founded the octet vocal group ' (English: "The Modern Choristers") in 1961. The group, which included his wife, , performed wordless vocals on several Italian movie soundtracks. Most notably, "I Cantori Moderni" are featured on the song "Mah Nà Mah Nà", written by Piero Umiliani for the 1968 Luigi Scattini mondo film ' (Italian: "") and popularized on "The Muppet Show".
Alessandro has also composed film scores, including "Any Gun Can Play" (1967), "Johnny Hamlet" (1968), "The Reward's Yours... The Man's Mine" (1969), "Lady Frankenstein" (1971), "The Devil's Nightmare" (1971), "The Mad Butcher" (1971), "Seven Hours of Violence" (1973), "Sinbad and the Caliph of Baghdad" (1973), "Poker in Bed" (1974), "White Fang and the Hunter" (1975), "Blood and Bullets" (1976), "L'adolescente" (1976), "La professoressa di scienze naturali" (1976), "The Opening of Misty Beethoven" (1976), "Women's Camp 119" (1977), "Killer Nun" (1978), "L'imbranato" (1979), and "Trinity Goes East" (1998).


Leelo Tungal

Leelo Tungal (born 22 June 1947 in Tallinn) is an Estonian poet, children's writer, translator, editor and librettist.
Life and career.
Tungal studied Estonian literature at the University of Tartu. After her graduation, she has worked as a teacher, editor, drama and literature consultant for the Estonian Puppet Theatre, and as a freelance writer. In 1994, she founded the children's magazine "Hea Laps", and worked as its editor-in-chief until January 2019. She has published over 80 books of prose and poetry for children and young adults, has written several libretti for Estonian composers, and has translated children's poetry and plays from Bulgarian, English, Finnish, Russian, and several other languages.
Personal.
Leelo Tungal was married to composer Raimo Kangro; their children are writer Maarja Kangro, artist Kirke Kangro and cultural critic Anna-Magdaleena Kangro.
Translations.
Selected translations
Barbara and the Summer Dogs
Barbara and the Autumn Dogs
Bundle the Piglet
Comrade Kid and the Grown-Ups
Felix the Hedgehog series
A Half of a Dog
Hello-Hello
Juku, Kalle and Klabautermann in Tallinn
Kristiina, the Middle One
Ludwig the Snowman’s Lucky Day
The More the Merrier
Potatoes, Cows and Cosmonauts
Tales of Miriam
The Tilk Family Goes to the Song Festival
Velvet and Sawdust
The Virgin Mary’s Four Days