Anthony Sparks

Anthony Sparks is an American television showrunner, writer-producer, and playwright. He is also an essay writer who focuses on media, performance, and African American politics and culture. He also holds a Ph.D. in American Studies & Ethnicity from USC and began his career as an actor in classical theatre and was also a lead performer in New York in the hit show, “Stomp.”
Sparks is also a committed educator in the fields of film, television, African American studies, and American Studies. He has taught screenwriting and cultural studies at USC, Occidental College, and California State University, Fullerton.
Education.
Originally from the South Side of Chicago, Sparks attended the Whitney Young Academic Center and Whitney Young Magnet High School.
He graduated "cum laude" and with several honors from the University of Southern California where he studied theatre, film, cultural studies, and anthropology. He also earned his master's degree at USC, and recently completed a Ph.D. degree from USC's top ranked program in American Studies and Ethnicity. He was also a Fellow at the USC Center for American Studies for several years.
Sparks is an alumnus of the Warner Bros. Television Writing Workshop, The ABC-Disney Television Writing Fellowship, and the 2017 WGA Showrunners Training Program.
Career.
Acting.
Sparks began his career as an actor, working extensively in acclaimed regional theaters (i.e. Old Globe Theatre, Crossroads Theater, The Public Theater), and appeared for five years as the comedic lead in New York and the Broadway tour of the international hit theatre show, STOMP. He also appeared in the Emmy-winning HBO film, STOMPOUTLOUD.
Writing and Producing.
Among his plays, "Ghetto Punch" has appeared in several venues across the country and was featured in "American Theatre" magazine.
His television writing credits include the NBC J.J. Abrams series ""Undercovers", the ABC Family cop/family drama series, "Lincoln Heights", and the CBS cop drama "The District". He was recently a writer and producer on the NBC drama, "The Blacklist"". He is currently the Showrunner and Executive Producer of the critically acclaimed "Queen Sugar," the television drama that debuted in 2016 and is created by Ava DuVernay and executive produced by DuVernay and Oprah Winfrey for OWN. More recently, he signed a first look deal with Blumhouse Television.
Recent awards.
In late 2020, Anthony Sparks received the Television Academy Honors Award for his work on the 4th season of Queen Sugar.
As of 2019, Sparks has been nominated for a total of four NAACP Image Awards over the course of his career. In 2018 he was nominated for Outstanding Writing in Television Drama for the Queen Sugar (OWN) second-season episode "What Do I Care for Morning". This was his second consecutive nomination in this category and his third overall Image Award nomination for Outstanding Television Drama Writing. He is also nominated in 2018 as part of the Queen Sugar Season 2 producing team for Outstanding Television Drama.
Sparks was also nominated for several 2017 NAACP Image Awards—two for Queen Sugar (an individual nomination for Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series and a production team nomination for Outstanding Drama Series)-- and he received another 2017 nomination for Outstanding Literature/Instructional Book for writing & co-editing an academic book, Running the Long Race in Gifted Education.
Sparks also received individual 2008 and 2009 Sentinel Health Awards from the Norman Lear Center for his work as a television writer, as well as a 2008 NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Dramatic Writing in a Television Series and a 2010 NAACP Image Award as a producer for Outstanding Dramatic Television Series.


David LaBerge

David LaBerge (born 1929) is a neuropsychologist specializing in the attention process and the role of apical dendrites in cognition and consciousness.
Early life and education.
David LaBerge was born in St. Louis, Missouri and received his undergraduate degree from the College of Wooster, his MA degree from Claremont University and his PhD degree Stanford University.
Career.
Dr. LaBerge has taught at Indiana University, Bloomington, University of Minnesota, and University of California at Irvine from 1955 until 1997. He was also a member of the adjunct faculty in psychology and biology at Bard College at Simon's Rock from 1997-2007 and was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Washington, Seattle from 2009 - 2011.
Honors.
Distinguished Teaching Award, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota; University of Minnesota Students Association Distinguished Service Award. Fellow, Society of Experimental Psychologists. Fellow AAAS. Fellow American Psychological Association. Fellow, American Psychological Society. Member Society for Neuroscience.
Research.
1. Mathematical models of choice behavior.
A model for neutral elements (1959a, b) provided a way to represent noise elements in the Estes and Burke (1953) choice theory. A recruitment model for choice behavior (1962, 1994) assumes that processing a stimulus involves the recruiting (or accumulation) of elements by alternative response counters until a criterion number is reached and the corresponding response is evoked.
2. Early experiments of attention in response time experiments.
Stimulus processing is biased by relative frequency of presentation (1964), by incentive value (1967), and by inserting an informative cue into a trial (1970).
3. Studies of automaticity.
Measurement of automatic processing (1973a). A theory of automaticity in reading (1974) with S.J. Samuels. A theory of automaticity in perception (1975).
4. Measuring the spread of attention in visual space (1983, 1989).
5. Shifting attention by sense modality (1973b) and across visual space (1997).
6. Studies of thalamic involvement in selective attention.
A brain scan study of the human pulvinar during sustained selective attention (1990) with Monte Buchsbaum. A neural network simulation study of thalamic circuit operations in selective attention (1992).
7. Development of a test for preparatory attention to location (2000) with Eric Sieroff, and tests of patients (2004, 2005).
8. Development of a cortex-wide circuit theory of attention:
The Triangular Circuit of Attention, (1995, 1997).
9. Development of an apical dendrite theory of cognition, attention, and consciousness.
A series of papers explored the hypothesis that the apical dendrite is not "just another dendrite" but has its own special functions (2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007).
The hypothesis that the apical dendrite resonates was illustrated informally by LaBerge and his daughter, Anne La Berge in three performances of a work entitled Resonant Dendrites, (2006, 2007, 2009), which featured film, narrative voice samples and music.
A formal description of a theory of electric resonance in apical dendrites appeared in an article by Kasevich & LaBerge (2010), which shows how an apical dendrite can fine tune its own membrane oscillations to a specific peak frequency, and narrow the width of the resonance curve around this peak to less than 1 Hz. This refinement enables its associated cortical circuit to generate a specific resonant ("carrier") frequency by which the circuit can separate its signaling from that of other circuits.
A more recent article by LaBerge & Kasevich (2013) describes signaling by neurons as the neural correlate of objective information processing and resonating in clusters of apical dendrites as the neural correlate of subjective impressions (e.g., impressions of sounds, colors, and feelings). These two "articles provide theoretical support for the hypothesis that apical dendrite resonance supplements neural signaling as a major mode of neural function. Furthermore, the resonance-based subjective impressions may be regarded as the contents of consciousness.
Life.
His major extracurricular activity was to serve for 21 years as Music Director and Conductor of the Minnesota Bach Society Orchestra and Chorus from 1959 to 1980. He was the director of the 50-voice South Sound Classical Choir in the Tacoma, WA area until May 2019.
He resides in Tacoma, Washington with his wife Janice Lawry.
References.
Estes, W.K. & Burke, C. J. A theory of stimulus variability in learning. Psychological Review, 1953, 60, 276-286.
LaBerge, D. (1959a). Effect of preliminary trials on rate of conditioning in a simple prediction situation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 20-24.
LaBerge, D. (1959b). A model with neutral elements. In R.R. Bush & W.K. Estes (Eds.), Studies in Mathematical Learning Theory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp 53–93.
LaBerge, D. (1962). A recruitment theory of simple behavior. Psychometrika, 27, 375-396.
LaBerge, D. and Tweedy, J.R. (1964). Presentation probability and choice time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68, 477-481.
LaBerge, D. Tweedy, J.R., & Ricker, J. (1967). Selective attention: Incentive variables and choice time. Psychonomic Science, 8, 341-342.
LaBerge, D., Van Gelder, P., & Yellott, J. (1970) A cueing technique in choice reaction time. Perception and Psychophysics, 7, 57-62.
LaBerge, D. (1973a) Attention and the measurement of perceptual learning. Memory and Cognition, 1, 268-276.
LaBerge, D. and Samuels, S.J. (1974) Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 293-323.
LaBerge, D. (1975). Acquisition of automatic processing of perceptual learning. In P. M. A. Rabbitt & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention & Performance V, New York: Academic Press, pp 50–64.
LaBerge, D. (1973b) Identification of the time to switch attention: A test of a serial and a parallel model of attention. In S. Kornblum (Ed.), Attention & Performance IV, New York: Academic Press, pp 71–85.
LaBerge, D. (1983). The spatial extent of attention to letters and words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 9, 37 -379.
LaBerge, D. & Brown, V. (1989) Theory of attentional operations in shape identification. Psychological Review, 96,101-124.
LaBerge, D & Buchsbaum, M.S. (1990). Positron emission tomographic measurements of pulvinar activity during an attention task. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 613-619.
LaBerge, D., Carter, M., and Brown, V. (1992). A network simulation of thalamic circuit operations in selective attention. Neural Computation, 4, 318-331.
LaBerge, D. (1994) Quantitative models of attention and response processes in shape identification tasks. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 38, 198-243.
LaBerge, D. (1995). Attentional Processing: The Brain’s Art of Mindfulness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
LaBerge, D. (1997). Attention, awareness, and the triangular circuit. Consciousness and Cognition, 6,140-181.
LaBerge, D., Carlson, R.L., Williams, J.K., & Bunney, B. (1997). Shifting Attention in space: Tests of moving spotlight models vs an activity-distribution model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 23, 1380-1392.
LaBerge, D., Auclair, L., and Sieroff, E. (2000). Preparatory attention: experiment and theory. Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 396-434.
Sieroff, E., Piquard, A., Auclair, L., Lacomblez, L., Derouesne, C., and LaBerge, D. (2004). Deficit of preparatory attention in frontal- temporal dementia. Brain & Cognition, 55, 444-451.
Auclair, L., Jambaque, I., Dulac, O., and LaBerge, D. (2005). Deficit of preparatory attention in children with frontal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1701-1712.
LaBerge, D. (2001). Attention, consciousness, and electrical wave activity within the cortical column. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 43, 5-24.
LaBerge, D. (2002). Attentional control: brief and prolonged. Psychological Research, 66, 220-233.
LaBerge, D. (2005). Sustained attention and apical dendrite activity in recurrent circuits. Brain Research Reviews, 50, 86-99.
LaBerge, D. (2006). Apical dendrite activity in cognition and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 15, 235-257.
LaBerge, A., (2006). Resonant Dendrites: A science and art lecture/performance for soloist, video, and Max/MSP. Close Encounters, the 4th European conference of the Society for Science, Literature, and the Arts. Amsterdam.
LaBerge, A., and LaBerge, D. (2007). Resonant Dendrites. Lecture/performance at the Spark Festival of Electronic Music and Arts. University of Minnesota School of Music.
LaBerge, D. and Kasevich, R.S. (2007). The apical dendrite theory of consciousness, Neural Networks, 20,1004-1020.
LaBerge, A. (2009). Resonant Dendrites: Music for flute and computer. Claire Trevor School of the Arts, University of California, Irvine.
Kasevich, R.S., and LaBerge, D. (2010). Theory of electric resonance in the neocortical apical dendrite. PLoS ONE, 6(8): e23412.
LaBerge, D. and Kasevich, R. (2013). The cognitive significance of the resonating neurons in the cerebral cortex. Consciousness and Cognition, 22, 1523-1550.
LaBerge, D. and Kasevich, R.S. (2017). Neuroelectric Tuning of Cortical Oscillations by Apical Dendrites in Loop Circuits. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00037.


Mabel Albertson

Mabel Ida Albertson (July 24, 1901 – September 28, 1982) was an American actress of television, stage, radio and film who portrayed Phyllis Stephens in the TV sitcom "Bewitched".
Early years.
Mabel Ida Albertson was born on July 24, 1901, in Haverhill, Massachusetts, to Flora (Craft) and Leopold Albertson, who were Russian-born Jewish immigrants. Her younger brother was actor Jack Albertson. Albertson's mother, a stock actress, supported the family by working in a shoe factory.
Albertson graduated from the New England School of Speech and Expression.
Albertson traced her show business career back to age 13, when she was paid $5 per performance to play piano behind palm trees for a reader. She later moved to California and became involved with the Pasadena Playhouse.
She "moved directly into professional stage work in stock, vaudeville, and night clubs, appearing with Jimmy Durante."
Television.
Albertson portrayed Phyllis Stephens, Darrin's neurotic, interfering mother, on the television sitcom "Bewitched", who invariably ended her stays at the Stephens' home by saying to her husband, "Frank, take me home. I have a sick headache."
During 1972-1973, she played Mabel, the mother-in-law of Paul Lynde on "The Paul Lynde Show".
She appeared in at least one episode of the courtroom drama series "Perry Mason": as Carrie Wilson in the Season 6, 1962 episode titled "The Case of the Hateful Hero". Albertson also guest-starred as the mother of Marilyn Munster's would-be suitor in the first broadcast episode of "The Munsters", "Munster Masquerade".
Albertson played the mother of Barbara Whiting Smith and Margaret Whiting in "Those Whiting Girls". She also played the dean of a women's college in an episode of "The Tab Hunter Show", Susannah's mother in "Accidental Family", Alice's mother in "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice", Donald Hollinger's mother on "That Girl", Irene Brady in "The Tom Ewell Show", Howard Sprague's mother on "The Andy Griffith Show", Miss Ramsey on "Hazel", Mrs. White on "The Lucy Show" episode "Lucy and the Missing Stamp", Eileen Ruby, Harry Ruby's wife, in "Make Room For Daddy" episode "Danny Goes On USO Tour", Dick Van Dyke's mother on "The New Dick Van Dyke Show", and Ethel Kendricks on the "Mary Tyler Moore Show" episode "Anyone Who Hates Kids and Dogs", Gertrude Mills on "The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show". "Rawhide" Season 2 Episode 24 as Kalla, Gypsy Queen. In the 1963 episode of Gunsmoke, "Kate Heller", she played the title character. In 1966 she played Madam Adella in the "Bonanza" episode "A Dollar's Worth of Trouble".
Radio.
Albertson was heard on "Dress Rehearsal", "Joe Rines' Dress Rehearsal", and the "Phil Baker Show". She was also a writer for radio programs.
Film.
A memorable early film role for Albertson was as a proper banker's wife who is repulsed by the bucolic title characters in "Ma and Pa Kettle at Waikiki" (1955). She was also seen in "She's Back on Broadway", "So This Is Love", "About Mrs. Leslie", "Forever, Darling", "The Long, Hot Summer", "Don't Give Up the Ship", "On a Clear Day You Can See Forever" and as Mrs. Van Hoskins, a wealthy woman whose jewels are stolen, in the screwball comedy film "What's Up, Doc?" (1972).
Stage.
Albertson's Broadway credits include "The Egg" (1962) and "Xmas in Las Vegas" (1965).
Death.
According to her former daughter-in-law, Cloris Leachman, Mabel Albertson died on September 28, 1982, of Alzheimer's disease at St. John's Hospital, after suffering seven years of poor health in Santa Monica, California at age 81. Her ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.


Prlekija dialect

The Prlekija dialect (, "prleščina") is a Slovene dialect in the Pannonian dialect group. It is spoken in the Prlekija region, southwest of the Mura River, bounded on the north by a line from Radenci to Zlatoličje to Spodnja Polskava, on the west from there to Majšperk, and then on the south along the Dravinja and Drava rivers to the Croatian border.
Phonological and morphological characteristics.
The Prlekija dialect often has short vowels corresponding to long acute vowels in the standard language. Accentual retraction (in comparison to standard Slovene) is common. The dialect does not have diphthongs and is characterized by "a:" > "ɔ", "u" > "ü", vocalic "ł" > "u", unaccented "ě/i/u" > "i", word-final "m" > "n", hardening of soft "l", "nʲ" > "j", and "v" > "f" before voiceless consonants and in word-final position. Salient lexemes in the dialect include "dère" (= "ko" 'when'), "ka" (= "da" 'that' or "ker" 'because'), and "te" (= "tedaj" 'then').


Signalling System R2

Signalling System R2 is a signalling protocol for telecommunications that was in use from the 1960s mostly in Europe, and later also in Latin America, Asia, and Australia, to convey exchange information between two telephone switching systems for establishing a telephone call via a telephone trunk. It is suitable for signaling on analog as well as digital circuits.
R2 signaling specifications were first published by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) in ITU White Book Volume VI of 1969, and are maintained by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) in Recommendations Q.400 through Q.490. The name "R2" is a derived from a designation as "Regional System No. 2".
R2 signaling methods may be logically divided into two protocol groups. The line signaling group comprises supervisory signals for call setup and termination, while interregister signaling uses in-band multifrequency signals to transfer calling-party and called-party addressing information.
Signaling information.
A signalling protocol may be visualized by two contexts: the information it conveys, and the location of participants in the network.
Each R2 national variant conveys at least the following. "Forward" is the direction from the dialling telephone's switch to the called telephone's switch, and "backward" is the inverse direction:
Line signalling.
R2 line signalling is a family of protocols that govern the resource acquisition and resource release related to a two-party telephone call attempt and, if successful, the establishment of a two-party telephone call. Although in the 1960s R2 line signalling was represented as electrical pulses on a two-wire or four-wire circuit, by the latter 1970s these analog electrical pulses also could be represented in digital form by a signalling DS0 channel in the trunk, which is normally channel 16 in an E1 trunk.
Register signalling.
R2 register signalling is a family of protocols that govern the conveyance of addressing information during the addressing phase and how the call attempt turned out during the disposition phase. Although in the 1960s R2 register signalling was represented by electromechanical devices that could generate multi-frequency audio tones and by electromechanical devices that could detect those audio tones, by the latter 1970s these electromechanical registers also could be represented by digitized PCM audio in DS0 channels of an E1 other than the R2 line signalling DS0 channel in that E1.
Standards.
R2 signalling refers to a vast number of variants of R2 that resemble each other to varying degrees. For most R2 variants, each such variant of R2 is promulgated by the PTT of each nation and/or by a telecommunications equipment manufacturer who addressed that national market with a nation-specific adaptation of one of their products.
The international version of R2 is an inter-nation protocol for R2 signalling that crosses national boundaries, and is neither a superset nor a subset of any national variant of R2. Conversely, each national variant of R2 is intra-nation. The international standard R2 was first promulgated by CEPT in the 1970s and then later by ITU-T with only modest evolution.
Signalling variants.
R2 line signalling variants that support R2 line signalling in its electrical-pulse form by dedicated two-wire or four-wire circuits usually represent each signal as two different pulse lengths (e.g., 150 milliseconds versus 600 milliseconds), where the two different meanings of those two different pulse lengths varies by context.
R2 line signalling variants that support R2 line signalling in its digital form via the A, B, C, and D bits in DS0 channel #16 of an E1 fall into two general categories: those that use only the A bit to represent each signal and those that use multiple A, B, C, and D bits to represent each signal, with using only two, the A bit and the B bit being by far the most common. Those that use only the A bit, strongly resemble the analog electrical R2 line signalling, where each signal is a timed pulse that differs by length of time that the pulse is in the high voltage (i.e., one-valued bit) state before returning to the untimed resting voltage state (i.e., zero-valued bit). Those that use multiple bits to represent each signal usually are stateful in that time of exhibition of that bit pattern typically plays no role in conveying meaning.
Multifrequency tones.
All R2 register signalling variants use a combination of two frequencies of audio signals. Each pair of frequencies is called a multi-frequency tone, or MF tone. Each call attempt has an origination end and a termination end, both to the multi-span call as well as for each span within that multi-span call routing. The origination end is called the outgoing register in R2 parlance. The termination end is called the incoming register in R2 parlance. The outgoing register transmits forward MF tones to the incoming register. The incoming register transmits backward MF tones to the outgoing register. The outgoing register detects backward MF tones arriving from the incoming register. The incoming register detects forward MF tones arriving from the outgoing register. The outgoing register transmits the first signal, but from that point forward the outgoing register merely passively responds to the prompting driven by each signal transmitted by the incoming register. (In apt modern-era proleptic terms, the outgoing register's first push signal to the incoming register is similar to a peer-to-peer message, whereas the incoming register's pull signals, which request information from the outgoing register, are client–server, where the client is the incoming register and the server is the outgoing register.)
Nomenclature.
R2 is a mnemonic for "Regional System No. 2". "Regional System No. 1", R1, was the CCITT designation for North American multi-frequency signaling (MF) practiced in the Bell System, although In practice that term is rarely used for MF signalling.
Later in the 20th century, use of R2 signalling spread beyond Europe to all regions of the globe, including Mexico on the North American continent.
The European market consisted of a large number of national telecommunications administrations, but unlike the Bell
System, these were not usually integrated with an equipment manufacturer. Instead a large number of independent vendors of equipment emerged in Europe though the 20th century in a very competitive market, tendering for business from European PTTs. A more open set of technical standards developed, particularly under the auspices of CEPT and later ETSI. This allowed interconnection, interoperability and communication between a more diverse range of equipment types and telecommunication administrations.
European equipment vendors such as Ericsson, Siemens and the European ITT affiliates, amongst others became major suppliers to telecommunication administrations around the world bringing technologies like Ericsson’s ARF and ITT’s Pentaconta crossbars to many markets. European derived standards were adopted more readily around the world than the proprietary standards of Bell System and Western Electric. As a result, R2 has even found sparse use in Canada, which is largely under the influence of Bell System standardization.
R2 signalling was also used for register signaling within many European switching systems of that era, notably in Ericsson’s AR- crossbar systems. It was used for inter station communication and for communication between parent and remote switches.


Yuri Estrin

 Yuri Estrin (professor), also written "Juri Estrin", is an international authority on materials science and engineering, particularly in the areas of physical metallurgy, materials modelling, and development of new materials. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and recipient of an honorary doctorate from the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2008. In 2015, he won a Thomson Reuters Australian Citation Award.
Yuri Estrin was born and educated in the former Soviet Union, where he completed his university studies in Physics and Materials Engineering in Moscow with a high distinction.
He worked as a researcher at the Institute of Crystallography of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and received his PhD degree from that institution in 1975.
In 1977, he briefly visited Germany as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow. After leaving the Soviet Union in the Leonid Brezhnev years, Estrin migrated to Germany and ultimately moved to Hamburg in 1981 with his wife, Karin Estrin.
In Hamburg, at the newly established University of Technology (TUHH), he received his habilitation and became professor of physical metallurgy. His son Daniel Estrin, was also born in Hamburg.
Estrin and his family migrated to Western Australia in 1992, where he became professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at the University of Western Australia.
Since then, Estrin has held the chair in Physical Metallurgy at Clausthal University of Technology in Germany and joined the Department of Materials Engineering at Monash University in Melbourne as Professor and later Director of the Centre for Advanced Hybrid Materials. He is currently an Honorary Professorial Fellow in this department.
Yuri Estrin has received international recognition for his scientific achievements, including Humboldt Awards (1999 and 2012), a Staudinger-Durrer Lecture at the Swiss Federal University of Technology (2011), a World-Class University professorship at Seoul National University (2009-2013), and a Helmholtz International Fellow Award from the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. Estrin is also an adjunct professor at the Pohang University of Science and Technology (Korea) and Nanjing University of Science and Technology (China). In 2013, he won a grant of the Russian government under the so-called ‘megagrant’ scheme to establish research activities in hybrid nanostructured materials at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008) and was elected fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (2013).
Estrin is the author of more than 500 publications focussing on nanomaterials including nanomechanics, light alloys, alloy design, thin films, hybrid materials and multimaterials as well as design of novel materials based on geometry principles.
Estrin's daughter, Prof. Masha Niv, is an academic working in the area of bioinformatics.


Celeste Olalquiaga

Celeste Olalquiaga is a Venezuelan-born independent scholar. She is the author of "The Artificial Kingdom: A Treasury of the Kitsch Experience" (1999) and "Megalopolis: Contemporary Cultural Sensibilities". She received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1994 and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1996. She writes the column "Object Lesson" for the publication "Cabinet".


Ilya Golenishchev-Kutuzov

Ilya Nikolaevich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (; 1904–1969) was a Russian philologist, poet, and translator. He was an expert on Romanic and Slavic philology, and comparative literature. He authored works on Dante Alighieri and the Renaissance literature.


Parviz Aboutaleb

Parviz Aboutaleb (1942 – 9 June 2020) was an Iranian football player and manager. He was born in Tehran, Iran. Aboutaleb died of complications of Alzheimer's disease on June 9 2020. Parviz will be buried in Tehran's Behesht Zahra Cemetery.


Frank Sherlock

Frank Sherlock is an American poet, and second Poet Laureate of Philadelphia. He was a 2013 Pew Fellow in the Arts.
Life.
Frank Sherlock was the 2014-15 Poet Laureate of Philadelphia, and a 2013 Pew Fellow in the Arts for Literature.
His most recent collection of poems is "Space Between These Lines Not Dedicated" (Ixnay Press, 2014.) Sherlock approaches the work of a poet as conduit, and views writing poems as "collaborations of encounter." His projects are often collaborative.
"The City Real and Imagined" (Factory School, 2010) was written with the poet C. A. Conrad as a re-visioning of public spaces in what they refer to as "the City of Otherly Love." The two embarked on self-guided psycho-geographical wanders through Philadelphia, each beginning at LOVE Park.
Sherlock's time in New Orleans in 2006 resulted in a collaboration with poet Brett Evans, entitled "Ready-To-Eat Individual" (Lavender Ink, 2008). In an interview with Katy Henriksen for "Oxford American: New Orleans & the Gulf Coast Issue", 2008: "The cases of DIY rebirth were everywhere around us, and it was a secret that had stayed within the region’s limits. Also, the effects of a city (with virtually no public services) trying to deal with a shared psychic wound of post-traumatic stress, its effect on the kids of New Orleans shuffled across town into schools with more security guards than teachers, the spike in street crime (partly as a result of these things) and other issues of displacement are largely untold stories in the national conversation. But there is also the light and dark magic of the city that cannot be explained in a straight-ahead journalist pursuit. Brett and I decided we could best talk about the state of the city post- [Hurricane] Katrina through the medium of poetry."
"I approach poetry as a cartographer," said Sherlock. "...mapping and remapping your surroundings according to your personal memory and associations and histories that you've heard." His project as Poet Laureate, "Write Your Block," gives Philadelphians the opportunity to explore their neighborhoods via poetry. Originally a project with the city's Office of Arts, Culture and the Creative Economy, Write Your Block lives on at "The Philadelphia Citizen", so people citywide can use poetry to map the personal landmarks, histories, traditions and experiences that help identify their communities.
In 2019 the literary community learned of a time in the late 1980s where he was with a white nationalism oriented skinhead punk group. His politics turned Left after he entered Temple University. He considers the white nationalist period of his life "a point of great shame for me" and the discovery of it led to debate.
Works.
Books
Chapbooks
Anthologies
Public Works/Installations


Austan Goolsbee

Austan Dean Goolsbee (born August 18, 1969) is an American economist and writer. He is the Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. Goolsbee formerly served as the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, was a member of President Barack Obama's administration, and worked as an acting fill-in anchor for WGN-TV in Chicago.
Goolsbee served on the three-member Council of Economic Advisers from the start of the Obama Administration. He advised President Obama during his 2004 U.S. Senate race and was senior economic policy adviser during the 2008 Obama Presidential Campaign. He took over in September 2010 as the Council's chair, replacing Christina Romer, who had left to return to a teaching position at the University of California at Berkeley. On June 6, 2011, he announced that he was departing the administration and returning to the University of Chicago. In 2013, he became a strategic partner at 32 Advisors, where he leads their Economic Intelligence practice.
In 2019, he endorsed Pete Buttigieg in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.
Early life and education.
Goolsbee was born in Waco, Texas, the son of Linda Catherine (née Dean) and Arthur Leon Goolsbee. He was raised primarily in Whittier, California.
He graduated from Milton Academy and received both his B.A. "summa cum laude" and M.A. in economics from Yale University in 1991 and went on to receive his Ph.D. in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995. He was an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (2000–02) and Fulbright Scholar via the Fulbright Commission Belgium (2006–07).
At Yale, Goolsbee was a member of the Yale Political Union, the improv comedy troupe Just Add Water, Skull and Bones, and the Yale Debate Association. He and debate partner David Gray won the American Parliamentary Debate Association National Debate Team of the Year competition in 1991 defeating Ted Cruz who, once Goolsbee graduated, would go on to win in 1992 with partner David Panton. Goolsbee and partner Dahlia Lithwick were runners up for the award in 1990. As a high school student, Goolsbee won the national championship in International Extemporaneous Speaking (IX) in 1987.
Academia.
Goolsbee has been a Research Fellow at the American Bar Foundation, Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a member of the Panel of Economic Advisors to the Congressional Budget Office. He served as Senior Economist to the Progressive Policy Institute (PPI).
Goolsbee's academic research focuses on the Internet, the new economy, government policy, and taxes. He taught a class on economics and policy in the telecom, media and technology industries. He focuses on human activity in natural settings to find economic explanations for how people behave.
Goolsbee was an award-winning journalist while serving as an academic. Goolsbee is the former host of the television show "History's Business" on the History Channel. In April 2006, Goolsbee began writing for the "Economic Scene" column in "The New York Times". This column was later moved to Sundays and renamed the "Economic View". Prior to this, he wrote the "Dismal Science" column for Slate.com, for which he won the 2006 Peter Lisagor Award for Exemplary Journalism. He has published scores of papers in various peer-reviewed journals and books.
Public service.
Support of Barack Obama's campaigns.
Goolsbee became Barack Obama's economic advisor for Obama's successful 2004 U.S. Senate campaign in Illinois. He was also the senior economic advisor to the 2008 Obama presidential campaign.
At one point during the primary of Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, Goolsbee was alleged to have told Canadian consular officials in Chicago that Obama's political position on the North American Free Trade Agreement was "more reflective of political maneuvering than policy." The allegation was denied by Goolsbee, the Obama campaign, and the Canadian government. Goolsbee remained Obama's senior economic adviser through the rest of the primary and the general election including many television debates with John McCain's economic advisers.
Service in Obama administration.
Goolsbee was nominated by Obama to serve on the Council of Economic Advisers on his first day in office. Goolsbee was confirmed by the Senate on March 10, 2009. He concurrently served as chief economist at the Economic Recovery Advisory Board. He was designated chair of the Council on September 10, 2010 succeeding Christina Romer.
In these capacities, Goolsbee served as a media surrogate for the Obama Administration and his skill on television was noted in the media.
Goolsbee was interviewed by Jon Stewart for "The Daily Show" on August 11, 2009; February 1, 2010; October 25, 2010; February 24, 2011; August 3, 2011; and September 6, 2012.
He also appeared in "Daily Show" segments on November 11, 2009, where he was interviewed by Josh Gad about whether the Cash for Clunkers program had ruined demolition derby and on March 17, 2009 where he said that executives at American International Group (AIG) deserved the "Nobel prize for evil" ) for their role in the 2008 financial crisis. Jon Stewart described him as "Eliot Ness meets Milton Friedman".
In 2009, he was voted the Funniest Celebrity in Washington. One practical joke was giving a dead fish to the departing White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel, who has been known to give dead fish to political opponents.
On June 15, 2009, he appeared as a guest on "The Colbert Report".
He made a second appearance on "The Colbert Report" on October 13, 2010, where he defended Obama's tax cut policies which would allow tax breaks to expire for Americans earning more than $250,000 per year. Goolsbee's main arguments were that 98% of Americans would still receive a tax break under the Obama proposal and that the country would have to borrow money to fund tax breaks for the wealthiest Americans if all tax breaks were extended. In November 2010, however, the House of Representatives swung to a Republican majority who threatened that they would not extend the expiring tax cuts on that 98% without extending the cuts for the wealthiest 2% as well, and in December Obama signed a compromise deal to extend the cuts for all.
In January 2011, Goolsbee expressed the administration's confidence that the U.S. debt limit would be raised, noting that rhetoric from some members of Congress, who suggested the routine increase should be opposed, "[appear] to reflect a deep misunderstanding of the consequences of default". Goolsbee agreed with Tim Geithner and numerous conservative commentators "that the debt ceiling must be allowed to rise", commenting that "playing chicken" with a default of government liabilities could have a catastrophic impact on the U.S. economy. He noted that the Obama administration sought to fuel economic growth during the continuing gradual recovery by "focusing on spurring investment and improving U.S. exports and innovation" but noted that "in the medium run, a series of tough choices" would need to be made and that the president's budget would indicate his willingness to make budget cuts a part of the long-term plan.
On June 6, 2011, Goolsbee announced that he would return to the University of Chicago, saying that the economy was "a million miles from where it started".
 He was expected to play an informal role from Chicago in Obama's 2012 campaign.
Recognition.
Over the years he has been named one of the 100 Global Leaders for Tomorrow by the "World Economic Forum" in Switzerland, one of the six "Gurus of the Future" by the "Financial Times", one of the 40 Under 40 by "Crain's Chicago Business", and one of the 30 Under 30 by the "Chicago Sun-Times". He topped The New Yorker's list of the Ten Most Intriguing Political Personalities of 2010. Salon.com named him to its list of the 15 Sexiest Men of 2010. To this he remarked on NPR's quiz show "Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me", "I didn't even know "Salon" was printed in Braille." Additionally, the National Forensic League recognized Goolsbee, a former national champion in extemporaneous speaking, as the 2011 Communicator of the Year.
Press profiles of him include those done by "The New York Times", NPR, George Will, the "Financial Times", Reuters TV, the "Chicago Tribune", "Crain's Chicago Business", and "Politico".
Personal life.
Goolsbee married Robin Winters on November 1, 1997. She was a management consultant with McKinsey & Company at the time and earlier the director of business development at MTV International. They have a daughter and two sons.


V.92

V.92 is an ITU-T recommendation, titled "Enhancements to Recommendation V.90", that establishes a modem standard allowing near 56 kb/s download and 48 kb/s upload rates. With V.92 PCM is used for both the upstream and downstream connections; previously 56K modems only used PCM for downstream data.
V.92 was first presented in January 1996. It was intended to succeed the V.90 standards; however, with the spread of broadband Internet access, uptake was minimal.
New features.
Quick connect.
This reduces negotiation times to around 10 seconds instead of over 20 seconds. Quick connect works by training the client modem on the first call; analog and digital characteristics are stored in a local profile and then retrieved for future connections.
Modem on hold (MOH).
This allows the connection to be temporarily severed and then reconnected, reducing the possibility of dropped connections. This is particularly useful for lines that have call waiting.
PCM upstream.
Pulse-code modulation (or PCM) allows higher rate digital transmissions over the analog phone lines. PCM upstream provides a digital connection for upstream data, reducing latency and allowing for a maximum upload speed of 48 kbit/s. Previously the speed was limited to a 33.6 kbit/s analog signal under the previous V.90.
V.44 compression.
V.44 compression replaces the existing V.42bis compression standards. It generally allows for between 10% and 120% better compression. In most situations the improvement is around 25%.


Janet Lee Bouvier

Janet Norton Lee Auchincloss, formerly Bouvier, (December 3, 1907 – July 22, 1989) was an American socialite and the mother of the former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and the mother-in-law of former U.S. President John F. Kennedy.
Early life.
Janet Norton Lee was born on December 3, 1907, in Manhattan, New York City. She was the middle daughter of James Thomas Aloysius Lee (1877–1968), a lawyer and real estate developer, and Margaret A. Merritt (1880–1943). Her parents were both of Irish Catholic descent. She had two sisters; Marion Merritt Lee (1904–1947), who married John J. Ryan Jr., and Margaret Winifred Lee (1910–1991), who married Franklin D'Olier.
Life.
Janet graduated from Miss Spence's School and attended Sweet Briar and Barnard Colleges. She was a member of the Barnard College class of 1929 but records show that she did not graduate. She was a three-time winner of the hunter championship at the National Horse Show.
She served as a board member of the Newport Historical Society and the Redwood Library. She was also the honorary director of the Robert E. Lee Memorial Association in Stratford, Virginia.
Personal life.
Janet was married three times. In 1928, she married her first husband, John Vernou Bouvier III (1891–1957). He was the son of Major John Vernou Bouvier Jr. (1866–1948), a successful attorney, and Maude Frances Sergeant (1870–1940). He was also the brother of Edith Bouvier Beale (1895–1977), later known as the subject of the documentary film, "Grey Gardens". Together, they were the parents of two daughters:
Mr. Bouvier's womanizing and drinking led to a separation in 1936, a brief reconciliation for a few months in 1937, and then a divorce in 1940.
In 1942, she married her second husband, Hugh Dudley Auchincloss Jr., an attorney and Standard Oil heir; becoming his third wife. Together, they had two children:
Hugh Auchincloss died in 1976. In 1979, she married for a third time, to her childhood friend Bingham Willing "Booch" Morris (1906–1996). Jacqueline served as her witness. Morris, a widower, was a retired investment banker who lived in Southampton, New York, a graduate of St. George's School and Harvard, where he was a member of the Iroquois and Hasty Pudding Clubs, and was the son of Violet Lee (née Willing) Morris and John Boucher Morris of Baltimore. His late wife, Mary (née Rawlins) Morris, was a bridesmaid at Janet's first wedding. They separated in 1981, but remained married until her death from complications arising from Alzheimer's disease in 1989.


Bruce G. Blair

Bruce Gentry Blair (November 16, 1947 – July 19, 2020) was a nuclear security expert and a research scholar, a national security expert, the author of articles and books on nuclear topics, and a television show producer.
Education and background.
Blair was born in Creston, Iowa. He earned a Ph.D. in operations research at Yale University in 1984. He received his B.S. in communications from the University of Illinois in 1970.
Prior to his position at Princeton, Blair was the president of the World Security Institute, a non-profit organization. He was a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution from 1987 to 2000. Previously, he served as a project director at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment from 1982 to 1985, where he worked on a study of the U.S.'s ability to communicate with its strategic forces. From 1970 to 1974, Blair served in the U.S. Air Force as a Minuteman ICBM launch control officer and support officer for the Strategic Air Command’s Airborne Command Post.
Career.
Blair was a nuclear security expert and a research scholar at the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. Joining the program in May 2013, he focused on technical and policy steps on the path toward the verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons, specifically on deep bilateral nuclear arms reductions, multilateral arms negotiations and de-alerting of nuclear arsenals. He was co-founder of Global Zero, an international non-partisan group consisting of 300 world leaders, over 150 student chapters and millions of supporters worldwide dedicated to achieving the elimination of nuclear weapons.
Blair was an expert on United States and Russian security policies, specializing in nuclear forces and command and control systems. He frequently testified before Congress In 2011, he was appointed to the U.S. Secretary of State's International Security Advisory Board, a small group of experts that provides the Department of State with independent insight and advice on all aspects of international security, disarmament and arms control. He also taught security studies as a visiting professor at Yale and Princeton universities. In 1999, he was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship Prize for his research, work and leadership on de-alerting nuclear forces. In 2008, he was selected as a finalist for the Skoll Social Entrepreneur Award.
Blair's expertise helped make nuclear and global affairs issues accessible to the public in various media outlets. He was an executive producer of "Countdown to Zero", a documentary film on nuclear weapons. He also created and was the executive producer of the PBS weekly television series "Superpower: Global Affairs Television" (2002–2004), and was the executive producer for Azimuth Media and its weekly PBS television series, "Foreign Exchange", which was first hosted by Fareed Zakaria (2005–2007) and subsequently by Daljit Dhaliwal (2008–2009).
He published the "Washington ProFile" (Russian), "Washington Observer" (Chinese), "Washington Prism" (Persian), "Taqrir Washington" (Arabic) and "China Security." He was also the executive producer of two television documentaries, CNN Presents’ "Deadlock: Russia’s Forgotten War" and the PBS FRONTLINE’s "Missile Wars" in 2002.
He was the author of numerous books and articles on security issues in such publications as "Scientific American", "National Interest", "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". His books include "Strategic Command and Control" (Brookings, 1985), winner of the Edgar S. Furniss Award for its contribution to the study of national security; "Crisis Stability and Nuclear War" (Oxford, 1988; co-editor); "The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War" (Brookings, 1993); and "Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces" (Brookings, 1995).
Blair died in Philadelphia after a stroke on July 19, 2020.
External links.


Ben Sherwood

Benjamin Berkley "Ben" Sherwood (born February 12, 1964) is an American writer, journalist, and producer who was formerly the President of Disney-ABC Television Group and ABC News.
Early life and education.
Sherwood was born to a wealthy Jewish family in Los Angeles, California. His mother, Dorothy Lipsey Romonek, was a trustee of the California Institute of the Arts. His father, Richard E. Sherwood, was a partner in a Los Angeles law firm, and long time leader of the American Jewish Committee.
In 1981, Sherwood graduated from Harvard-Westlake School), (at the time, known as "Harvard School for Boys"), an independent university preparatory school in Los Angeles, California. In 1986, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Harvard College with an AB degree. From 1986-89, Sherwood was a Rhodes Scholar at Magdalen College, Oxford, and he and his sister, Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall, were the first brother and sister pair of Rhodes scholars.
Career.
Television journalism.
From 1989-93, Sherwood was an Associate Producer and a Producer for ABC News' "Primetime" (then called "PrimeTime Live") with hosts Diane Sawyer and Sam Donaldson. During that time, Sherwood was part of the ABC News Team that came under sniper fire in Sarajevo, Bosnia in August 1992.
In 1997, Sherwood joined NBC's "Nightly News with Tom Brokaw" as a Producer, a Senior Producer, and ultimately the Senior Broadcast Producer, where he was present during coverage of the September 11 attacks. Sherwood left NBC News in January 2002.
In April 2004, Sherwood was the Executive Producer of the ABC's "Good Morning America", and on December 3, 2010, Sherwood was appointed President of ABC News in New York.
In January 2015, Sherwood was named President of Disney-ABC Television Group, and Co-Chairman of Disney Media Networks. Following the Disney acquisition of Fox in March 2019, Sherwood departed the company.
Writing.
Sherwood’s non-fiction work has been published in "The New York Times", "The Washington Post", "Los Angeles Times", "Newsweek", "Parade Magazine", and "O Magazine". In 1996, Sherwood wrote his first novel, "Red Mercury", published under the pseudonym Max Barclay by Dove Books. The story involves a nuclear terror threat at the Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. President Bill Clinton reportedly "devoured" the book before traveling to Atlanta to attend the Olympics.
In 2000, while working at "NBC Nightly News", Sherwood wrote a bestselling novel called "The Man Who Ate The 747", published by Bantam Books. The tragicomic tale tells the story of an investigator for a fictional Guinness Book of Records who travels to Superior, Nebraska to authenticate a record attempt involving a man eating a Boeing 747. The record keeper meets an introverted and misguided Nebraska farmer who is ingesting the 747 by grinding parts of the plane into gritty dust. By consuming the plane, the farmer hopes to prove the size and scope of his love for a woman who lives in the small town.
In 2004, Sherwood published "The Death and Life of Charlie St. Cloud", which follows a young man's journey between the worlds of life and death, and explores his bonds with loved ones in both. "The Death and Life of Charlie St. Cloud" was made into a major motion picture starring Zac Efron, directed by Burr Steers, produced by Marc E. Platt and released from Universal Pictures on July 30, 2010 under the new title "Charlie St. Cloud".
In January 2009, his first non-fiction book, "The Survivors Club: The Secrets and Science that Could Save Your Life", was published by Grand Central Publishing, an imprint of Hachette Book Group. The Survivors Club explores human survival in all its forms. The book became a "New York Times" bestseller and has been published in more than 15 languages.
Internet entrepreneur.
In January 2009, expanding upon the themes of his most recent book, Sherwood launched a website called "www.TheSurvivorsClub.org", an online resource center and support network for people facing all manners of adversity.
The Survivors Club website is a social enterprise dedicated to helping people survive and thrive in the face of every kind of adversity including health, financial, family, and extreme challenges. In August 2010, the website re-launched as part of the Hearst Digital Network, a division of the Hearst Corporation.
Personal life.
In 2003, Sherwood married to Karen Lisa Kehela in a Jewish ceremony in Beverly Hills, California. Kehela is the Co-Chair of Imagine Films, a division of film and television production company Imagine Entertainment. They have two sons.
Sherwood is fluent in French, Chinese, and Russian.
Community activities.
Sherwood is a member of the Board of Directors of City Year (Los Angeles), California, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Center for Public Integrity in Washington, D.C. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in New York.


Dave Aronberg

Dave Aronberg (born May 4, 1971) is the State Attorney for Palm Beach County, Florida and a former member of the Florida Senate. He was elected to the Senate in 2002 as its youngest member and served for eight years. He is a Democrat.
Prior to serving in the Senate, Aronberg worked as a lawyer in both the public and private sectors. He was serving as the Florida Attorney General’s “Drug Czar” in 2012 when he announced his candidacy for Palm Beach County State Attorney. He was first elected to the office in November 2012 and re-elected without opposition on May 6, 2016.
Early life and career.
Aronberg was born in Miami. He attended North Miami Senior High School, and graduated from Harvard College with a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors in Government in 1993. He then attended Harvard Law School, where he received a Juris Doctor degree with honors in 1996.
After graduation, Aronberg worked for three years in the litigation department of the law firm, Steel Hector & Davis LLP, in Miami and West Palm Beach.
Holocaust Victims Insurance Relief.
Aronberg took a leave of absence from the law firm for three months in 1998 to work for U.S. Senator Bill Nelson, who at the time was serving as Florida’s Insurance Commissioner. Nelson and Aronberg worked together to investigate European insurance companies that refused to honor World War II era policies sold to victims of the Holocaust. Working with members of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), the investigation led to the establishment of the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims (ICHEIC) and the enactment of Florida's Holocaust Victims Assistance Act to ensure that insurance claims of Holocaust victims were expeditiously identified and properly paid, compensated, or returned.
Florida Assistant Attorney General - Economic Crimes.
Aronberg worked as an Assistant Attorney General in the Economic Crimes Division of the Florida Attorney General's Office on two separate occasions. In 2000, President Bill Clinton selected Aronberg to be a White House Fellow. After the Fellowship was completed in September 2001, Aronberg returned to the Economic Crimes Division.
Phone-Scam Psychic "Miss Cleo" and the Psychic Readers Network.
Aronberg investigated late-night television celebrity, Youree Harris, a/k/a "Miss Cleo," and the Psychic Readers Network for deceptive marketing practices. As part of the investigation, Aronberg obtained and released to the public a copy of Harris' California birth certificate, even though she was promoted as a shaman from Jamaica. Working with Florida and other states, the Federal Trade Commission fined Psychic Readers Network $5 million and forced it to cancel $500 million in customer bills.
White House Fellowship.
In 2000, Aronberg was selected to be one of 15 White House Fellows from across the country. In this non-partisan position, he served in two presidential administrations as a Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury Department for international money laundering, including the laundering of terrorist assets.
He was part of a U.S. delegation to an international summit on money laundering at an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2001.
Florida Senate.
Aronberg was elected to the Florida Senate in 2002 as its youngest member. He served as the Chair of the Military Affairs and Domestic Security Committee, and also chaired the Everglades Restoration Committee, where he advocated for additional state and federal funds to protect and restore the “River of Grass.”
Domestic Security.
As Chairman of the Florida Senate’s Military Affairs and Domestic Security Committee, Aronberg led a rewrite of Florida's port security law to better protect Floridians from terrorist threats. Aronberg’s 2009 bill, signed into law by Florida Governor Charlie Crist at a bill signing ceremony at Fort Lauderdale’s Port Everglades, matched Florida security law to the federal requirements. The bill received unanimous support from labor unions and maritime businesses, leading the Associated Industries of Florida’s Maritime Council to name Aronberg as “Legislator of the Year” for his work to improve port security while expanding Florida’s global position as a leading exporter.
Public Safety & Criminal Justice.
Opioid Abuse.
When Aronberg was elected to the Florida Senate in 2002, he followed up on his investigation of Purdue Pharma by calling attention to the growing opioid crisis. In 2010, the Florida legislature enacted legislation co-sponsored by Aronberg to regulate the pain clinic industry and to limit the dispensing of narcotics such as oxycodone.
Anti-Looting.
In 2007, he was successful in passing an anti-looting law that increased penalties for specific thefts and burglaries committed after the Governor has declared a state of emergency.
Gang Violence.
During 2007 and 2008, Aronberg pushed the Legislature to pass tough anti-gang legislation. The language in Aronberg's proposal, which was enacted into law in 2008, increased penalties for habitual offenders convicted of gang-related crimes and stiffened sanctions for witness tampering and harassment. The legislation also banned gang members from possessing bulletproof vests during the commission of a crime.
Sexual Violence.
Aronberg sponsored a bill to eliminate the statute of limitations for child victims of sexual abuse. His bill, SB 870, passed both the House and Senate unanimously and was signed into law by Governor Crist. The Florida Coalition Against Sexual Violence named Aronberg its “Legislator of Year” of 2010.
Consumer Protection & Privacy Rights.
Regulating the Credit Counseling Industry.
In 2004, Aronberg sponsored Florida’s Credit Counseling Services Bill (SB 2682), which limited the fees credit counseling and debt repair companies could charge consumers.
Video Voyeurism.
In 2004, Aronberg proposed a bill to make video voyeurism a crime in Florida, which included the taking as well as the dissemination of the images.
Florida Attorney General Candidacy.
In 2010, Aronberg made a bid for the office of Attorney General of Florida. Aronberg was unsuccessful in the primary.
Special Prosecutor for Prescription Drug Trafficking ("Drug Czar").
In early 2011, based on Aronberg’s work on opioid abuse, Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi reached across party lines to appoint Aronberg to be Special Prosecutor for Prescription Drug Trafficking, or "Drug Czar."
Palm Beach County State Attorney.
In January 2012, Aronberg announced his candidacy for Palm Beach County State Attorney. Aronberg won the office with 58% of the vote in the November 6, 2012 election and was re-elected without opposition on May 6, 2016.
As State Attorney, Aronberg leads a team of 120 prosecutors and 220 professional staff in five offices throughout Palm Beach County.
In 2016, Aronberg was elected as an officer of the National District Attorneys Association (NDAA) and subsequently re-elected in 2017. He led an NDAA working group that published a national report to advise prosecutors and legislators of best practices in addressing the opioid epidemic. In November 2016, Aronberg traveled to Guantanamo Bay Naval Base as a representative of the NDAA to observe the prosecution of accused Al-Qaida terrorist Abdul al Hadi al Iraqi. In 2016, Florida Bar President Bill Schifino appointed Aronberg to the Florida Bar Board of Governors to represent government lawyers throughout the State. Aronberg was reappointed to two more terms by Florida Bar Presidents Michael Higer and Michelle Suskauer, respectively.
Task Forces.
In early 2016, Aronberg launched a task force to protect seniors from scams.
Sober Homes Task Force.
Aronberg’s most notable task force is his Sober Homes Task Force, which has helped to clean up the fraud and abuse in the drug recovery industry in Palm Beach County, also known as "The Florida Shuffle." Since October 2016, the Task Force has made more than 85 arrests for patient brokering and insurance fraud, and has led to new Florida laws and regulations that have become the model for other states. Aronberg's efforts also convinced Google to restrict advertisements and improve screening for addiction treatment. The crackdown in rogue sober homes and corrupted drug treatment led to an approximate 40% decrease in opioid overdose deaths in Palm Beach County in 2018, compared to 2017. Aronberg's Task Force has received national attention for its work to combat the opioid epidemic, including a feature story on Sunday Night with Megyn Kelly on June 25, 2017, and a 60 Minutes interview on September 30, 2018. After testifying twice before Congress about federal laws that unwittingly incentive drug relapse over recovery, Aronberg launched a website to urge policymakers to "fix the Florida Shuffle."
Human Trafficking Task Force.
In 2017, Aronberg formed a Human Trafficking Task Force with the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office and federal officials. The Florida Attorney General appointed Aronberg to the Statewide Council on Human Trafficking to represent all state prosecutors.
Animal Welfare.
Aronberg, who adopted his basset hound, Cookie, from Big Dog Ranch Rescue in 2011, personally prosecuted a felony animal cruelty case for his first trial as State Attorney.
In recognition of his efforts to fight animal cruelty, Aronberg received the national Wings Award by the Pegasus Foundation for his contributions to animal welfare.
First-Time DUI Offender Program.
In 2013, Aronberg launched a unique first-time DUI offender program that is the only one of its kind endorsed by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). Since the program’s inception, thousands of defendants have entered the program and very few have committed a DUI again.
The most well-known defendant to enter Aronberg's program was golfer Tiger Woods, whose 2017 DUI case made international news.
Corey Lewandowski Case.
Aronberg gained national media attention during the 2016 Presidential Election when he announced he would not move forward with a battery charge against Corey Lewandowski, Donald Trump's campaign manager. Jupiter Police had charged Lewandowski with misdemeanor battery after former Breitbart reporter Michelle Fields alleged that he grabbed her after a Trump press conference on March 8 at Trump International Golf Club.
Nouman Raja Case.
As State Attorney, Aronberg filed charges of manslaughter by culpable negligence and attempted first-degree murder with a firearm against Palm Beach Gardens police officer Nouman Raja for the killing of 31-year-old musician and housing inspector, Corey Jones, a black man who had been waiting for help on a highway after his car broke down. On March 7, 2019, a jury found Raja guilty as charged, making him the first officer in Florida to be convicted of an on-duty shooting in 30 years. Circuit Court Judge Joseph Marx sentenced Raja to 25 years in prison.
Morning Joe.
Aronberg has become a weekly guest on MSNBC's Morning Joe to discuss legal issues, particularly those related to the criminal justice system.
Personal life.
In May 2015, Aronberg married Lynn Martin, a former Miami Dolphins cheerleader and now public relations professional, on St. Pete Beach. They divorced in August 2017.


Sandra Witelson

Sandra Freedman Witelson is a Canadian neuroscientist best known for her analysis of specimens from Albert Einstein's brain, as well as exploring anatomic and functional differences regarding male and female brains, handedness, and sexual orientation. She and her colleagues maintain the world's largest collection of "cognitively normal" brains (numbering 125 as of 2006) at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
Research.
Albert Einstein's brain.
Witelson came into possession of three portions of Albert Einstein's brain after being contacted by Dr. Thomas Stoltz Harvey, the pathologist at the hospital where Einstein died. In 1955, he took the brain and, after preserving, photographing, and creating slides from it, gave out limited portions for research. Years later, after hearing of Witelson's brain bank, he sent her a fax asking if she would like to study it, and she told him yes.
Her analysis, with a credit to Harvey as well as her research assistant, was published in a 1999 paper titled "The exceptional brain of Albert Einstein". In it, she stated that the brain had a 15% wider inferior parietal region as well as a shorter than normal lateral sulcus. As the parietal lobe is the center for visuospatial perception and navigation, and the shorter sulcus would have allowed more of the area to be physically connected, she proposed that this may have allowed Einstein higher functionality in this area.
Anatomical asymmetry.
In 1973, she investigated anatomical asymmetry in newborns' brains. Witelson found that anatomical and functional asymmetry of the brain is present at birth.
Differences between males and females.
Witelson published a paper in 1976 detailing how the brains of six-year-old boys use a single hemisphere when reading, whereas girls use both sides of the brain while performing the same task. She also found that female brains had a thicker corpus callosum - the bridge between hemispheres - and that the thickness was in the region of linguistic skills. A different study showed that women have more brain cells than men in the language region. She also noted that the amygdala, which becomes more active in times of negative stress, signals more strongly to areas controlling motor skills in men, whereas in women, it signals more to the hypothalamus, which controls internal functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Witelson conducted a study testing intelligence relative to brain size in 100 neurologically normal, but terminally ill, volunteers who agreed to have their brains measured after they died, and took extensive personal data on them. Her findings were that, overall, larger brains fared better. Brain size decreased with age in men over the age span of 25 to 80 years, but for unknown reasons, age minimally affected brain size in the women. Verbal and spatial intelligence in women was connected with brain size, but in men, verbal intelligence was better for right-handers only, most likely due to the brain's asymmetry. Spatial ability in men was unchanged relative to brain size.
Sexual orientation.
In yet another study, Witelson found that the corpus callosum was thicker in homosexual men than in heterosexual men. Although that structure, as well as the amygdala, are formed early, indicating a possible genetic component to homosexuality, she said causality cannot be assumed and still needs to be investigated.
Personal life.
Witelson was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec and resides in Hamilton, Ontario. She is currently a professor in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, at McMaster University's Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine. She received her PhD at McGill University.


Lenkau language

Lenkau is an Oceanic language spoken in a single village on Rambutyo Island in Manus Province, Papua New Guinea. It is spoken in Lenkau village (), Rapatona Rural LLG.


Angela Belcher

Angela M. Belcher is a materials scientist, biological engineer, and the James Mason Crafts Professor of Biological Engineering and Materials Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. She is director of the Biomolecular Materials Group at MIT, a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and a 2004 MacArthur Fellow. In 2019, she was named head of the Department of Biological Engineering at MIT.
Early life and education.
Belcher grew up in San Antonio, Texas. She attended the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she received her Bachelor's degree from the College of Creative Studies in 1991 and her Ph.D. in chemistry in 1997.
Career.
After studying abalone shells, she worked with several colleagues at MIT and engineered a virus, known as the M13 bacteriophage whose target is usually "Escherichia coli". M13 can be made to latch onto and coat itself with inorganic materials including gold and cobalt oxide. The long tubular virus (coated in cobalt oxide) now acts as a minuscule length of wire called a nanowire. Belcher's group coaxed many of these nanowires together and found that they resemble the basic components of a potentially very powerful and compact battery. In 2002 she founded Cambrios with Evelyn L. Hu of (at the time) University of California, Santa Barbara. Their vision relied upon the use of nanostructured inorganic materials, fabricated and shaped by biological molecules to create novel materials and processes for a variety of industries. She also founded and serves on the Advisory Committee of Siluria Technologies, which develops catalytic methods for converting natural gas into products such as ethylene, gasoline, and diesel fuel.
In 2009 Belcher and her team demonstrated the feasibility of using genetically modified viruses to build both anode and cathode of a lithium-ion battery. These new batteries have the same energy capacity and power as cutting-edge rechargeable batteries earmarked for use in hybrid cars, as well as powering a range of electronic devices. The batteries could be manufactured using a cheap and environmentally friendly process, as the synthesis can be done near room temperature, using no harmful solvents or toxic materials.
In 2014 Belcher and her group demonstrated the potential for M13 phages to detect cancer. They developed a nanoprobe that uses M13 virus-stabilized SWNTs (single walled carbon nanotubes) to visualize deep, disseminated tumors in vivo. Using this process, they were able to identify submillimeter tumors.
A "Time" article featured her work on viral batteries and "Scientific American" named her research leader of the year in 2006 for her current project. In 2002, she was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35. In 2013, Belcher was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Prize.
She has been elected to the Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Inventors. Belcher was also elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering in 2018 for the development of novel genetic evolution methods for the generation of new materials and devices.


Martin Richardson

Martin Richardson (born December 20, 1941) is a British-American scientist and Professor of Physics. He is best known for the development of high power lasers, and for their use in understanding laser-induced plasma.
Biography.
Richardson received his B.Sc. in 1964 from Imperial College London. He completed his Ph.D. at London University in 1966, and he completed postdoctoral training Culham Laboratory. Richardson worked at the National Research Council (Canada) until 1979 when he joined the University of Rochester. In 1990, he moved to the University of Central Florida with appointments as a Professor of Physics and as a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. In 2004, Richardson was invested with the Northrop Grumman Professor of X-ray Photonics, in 2006, he was invested as a University Trustee Chair, and in 2012, he was invested as a Pegasus Professor.
Richardson is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America, the Society of Photo-Instrumentation Engineers, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Physical Society, the Institute of Physics, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2013, he was awarded an honorary degree, Docteur Honoris Causa, by the University of Bordeaux. In 2014, he served as a Jefferson Science Fellow at the United States Department of State, and in 2016 he held the Fulbright-Tocqueville Distinguished Chair from the US DoS.


Charles Epstein

Charles L. Epstein is a Thomas A. Scott Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Research interests.
Epstein is an analyst and applied mathematician. His interests include microlocal analysis and index theory; boundary value problems; nuclear magnetic resonance and medical imaging; and mathematical biology.
Education and work.
Epstein was an undergraduate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduate student at the Courant Institute, New York University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1983 under the direction of Peter Lax.
He did a postdoc with William Thurston before moving to the University of Pennsylvania, where he has been since. Epstein won a Sloan Research Fellowship in 1988.
He is currently Thomas A. Scott Professor of Mathematics and serves as graduate chair of Applied Mathematics and Computational Science from 2008 to June 2019.
Awards and honors.
In 2014, he became a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society "for contributions to analysis, geometry, and applied mathematics including medical imaging, as well as for service to the profession".


Clara Holst

Clara Holst (4 June 1868 – 15 November 1935) was a Norwegian philologist and women's rights pioneer.
She was born in Kristiania as a daughter of physician Axel Holst (1826–1880) and German citizen Anna Mathilde Charlotte Flemming (1832–1897). She was a granddaughter of Frederik Holst, sister of Axel Holst and aunt of Peter Midelfart Holst.
She finished her secondary education as a private candidate in 1889, and had attended Nissens School. The next year, in 1890, she became the first female philology student at the Royal Frederick University, Norway's only university at the time. She was the first woman to take the cand.philol. degree in Norway, in 1896, and the first to take a doctorate at a Norwegian university. Her academic advisor was Johan Storm, whose acquaintances enabled her to study at Cambridge in 1892, Sorbonne in 1893, Leipzig in 1897, Copenhagen in 1898–99 and Berlin in 1902–03.
She finished the dr.philos. degree in 1903 with the thesis "Studier over middelnedertyske laaneord i dansk i det 14. og 15. aarhundrede". She thereby followed in the footsteps of her grandfather, who in 1817 became the first person to take a doctorate in the independent Norway. Johan Storm was a doctoral opponent together with Hjalmar Falk and Sophus Bugge. Holst had short tenures as a German teacher at the Royal Frederick University and Aars og Voss school in 1904 and 1906. She lectured at Wellesley College from 1906 to 1907 and the University of Kansas in Lawrence from 1907 to 1908.
Holst then retired and returned to lead a quiet life in Norway. She was unmarried, and resided in Fagerborg with her two older sisters Anna Amalie and Thea. She died in her hometown in November 1935.


52nd Writers Guild of America Awards

The 52nd Writers Guild of America Awards, given in 2000, honored the film and television best writers of 1999.
Film.
Best Adapted Screenplay.
 "Election" - Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor
Best Original Screenplay.
 "American Beauty" - Alan Ball
Television.
Best Episodic Comedy.
"' "Merry Christmas, Mrs. Moskowitz" - Frasier - Jay Kogen
Best Episodic Drama.
 "Meadowlands" - The Sopranos - Jason Cahill
Original Long Form.
 "Dash and Lily" - Jerrold L. Ludwig


New City School

New City School is a non-sectarian, co-educational independent elementary school in St. Louis, Missouri. It was founded in 1969 by a group of parents interested in creating a progressive school in the then-struggling Central West End area of St. Louis. It is housed in a renovated turn-of-the-century school building.
About/History.
New City School was founded in 1969 to help stabilize the then-struggling neighborhoods of the city's Central West End. A group of neighbors—many of whom had small children—began meeting to discuss the possibility of opening a school.
1990s.
2000s:
Diversity efforts at New City School.
New City School was founded on the belief that students of various socio-economic and racial backgrounds should have the opportunity to come together to learn and play. This remains a core value of the school.
The New City student body is composed of 37% students of color, come from 48 different zip codes, and 40% of students receive need-based scholarships.
Multiple intelligences.
Since 1988, the theory of multiple intelligences (MI), conceived by Harvard University Professor Howard Gardner, has been used as a tool for teaching and learning at New City School. This unique academic learning approach capitalizes on students’ strengths and creates a deep level of understanding that allows children to use what they've learned in new and different situations.
Teaching and learning go beyond the traditional approaches; too often schools only consider the linguistic and mathematical subjects when talking about how intelligence is measured. The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) advocates that there are eight intelligences that need to be nurtured and developed in children: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.
These all reflect different ways of interacting with the world of thinking, solving problems, and learning. Proponents of multiple intelligences believe everyone has all of the intelligences; it is just that each person has his/her own unique multiple intelligences profile. Multiple intelligences is a tool which allows New City teachers to expose students to new concepts and skills in multiple ways, and also allows students to demonstrate their understanding in a variety of ways.
While the school ensures its students are capable learners who often exceed the grade level expectations on standardized measures, New City strives to challenge its students to go above and beyond those measures. Multiple intelligences serves as a vehicle by which this is accomplished.
Some examples of how multiple intelligence theory is being used in the classroom setting at New City School are:
Green efforts at New City School.
Since the 1990s, New City has made a conscious effort to "go green." These efforts began with a student recycling program, and have progressed to the installation of a green roof on the cafeteria roof in 2009, and most recently, the installation of solar panels in 2013.
Throughout this period, students and teachers have worked to be more environmentally aware. Students recycle food products, school supplies, paper, cardboard, plastic, and cans, and the school has instituted a policy of using sustainable materials whenever possible.
New City's Green Committee and popular River Kids program lead the school's efforts towards sustainability.
Green efforts at New City include but are not limited to the following endeavors:
Faculty and staff.
Head of School.
Thomas R. Hoerr, PhD, has been the Head of School at New City since 1981. Prior to coming to New City, Tom was the principal of Pershing Elementary School in the School District of University City. Tom founded and directed the Washington University Non-Profit Management Program, co-facilitated the ASCD Scholars Program. He facilitates the ASCD Multiple Intelligences Professional Interest Community and leads the ISACS New Heads Network.
Following the words of playwright Edward Albee, who said, “I write to find out what I am thinking,” Tom has written more than 100 articles and four books: Becoming A Multiple Intelligences School, The Art of School Leadership, School Leadership for the Future, and Fostering Grit. He writes a monthly column, “The Principal Connection,” for Educational Leadership, one of the country's premier educational publications. Tom will retire as of July 1, 2015.
Faculty.
New City School has 40 full-time and five part-time faculty members, including classroom teachers and specialists in science, library, Spanish, art, movement and music, performing arts, physical education and technology, in addition to a learning specialist and school counselor. New City School teachers have an average of 13 years teaching experience with an average of 11 years spent teaching at New City School. 50% of teachers have advanced teaching degrees. New City maintains a 9:1 student teacher ratio in its classrooms.
Performance based pay plan.
New City School is one of very few schools in the country to use a performance-based pay plan for teachers.
Teachers are evaluated in five key areas:
Tuition and Scholarship Aid.
New City's primary tool for attaining economic diversity is through need-based scholarships, awarded to 39% of its families for the 2012-2013 academic year. These scholarships help off-set the cost of tuition based on a family's individual income levels.


Sam Butera

Sam Butera (August 17, 1927 – June 3, 2009) was an American tenor saxophonist best noted for his collaborations with Louis Prima and Keely Smith. Butera is frequently regarded as a crossover artist who performed with equal ease in both R&B and the post-big band pop style of jazz that permeated the early Vegas nightclub scene.
Biography.
Butera was born and raised in an Italian-American family in New Orleans, where his father, Joe, ran a butcher shop and played guitar in his spare time. He heard the saxophone for the first time at a wedding when he was seven years old, and, with his father's encouragement, he began to play.
Butera's professional career blossomed early, beginning with a stint in big band drummer Ray McKinley's orchestra directly after high school. Butera was named one of America's top upcoming jazzmen by "Look" magazine when he was only eighteen years old, and, by his early twenties, he had landed positions in the orchestras of Tommy Dorsey, Joe Reichman, and Paul Gayten.
As the big band era wound down and heavy touring became less common among jazz musicians, Butera re-settled in New Orleans, where he played regularly at the 500 Club for four years. The 500 Club was owned by Louis Prima's brother, Leon, and it was this connection that led him to his much-heralded Vegas-based collaborations with Prima and Smith.
Prima transitioned from big band to Vegas somewhat hastily, having signed a contract with the Sahara without having first assembled a back-up band. From his Vegas hotel room, Prima phoned Butera in New Orleans and had him assemble a band posthaste. Butera and the band drove from New Orleans to Las Vegas in such a hurry that they had not taken time to give their act a name. On opening night in 1954, Prima asked Butera before a live audience what the name of his band was. Butera responded extemporaneously, "The Witnesses", and the name stuck.
Butera remained the bandleader of The Witnesses for more than twenty years. During that time, he performed with Louis Prima and/or Keely Smith on such Prima-associated songs as "That Old Black Magic", "Just a Gigolo/I Ain't Got Nobody," "Come on-a My House," and "I Wan'na Be Like You" (from Disney's "The Jungle Book"). Richard and Robert Sherman, composers of the songs for the Disney animated film, agreed to cast Prima, Butera and their band after executives from the Walt Disney Company urged them to travel to Las Vegas to witness the band’s live act in person.
Butera is noted for his raucous playing style, his off-color humor, and the innuendo in his lyrics. The arrangement he made with Prima of "Just a Gigolo/I Ain't Got Nobody" has been covered by David Lee Roth, Los Lobos, Brian Setzer, The Village People, and Big Bad Voodoo Daddy. In addition to his accomplishments as a saxophonist and composer, Butera is widely regarded as the inspiration for the vocal style of fellow New Orleans-born jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr.
Later career.
Butera had a featured role in the Cinemax TV special "Viva Shaf Vegas" (1986), which starred Paul Shaffer. In the show, written by Shaffer, Tom Leopold and Harry Shearer, Butera is asked to help Shaffer with his "spiritual crisis". To analyze Shaffer's problem, Butera asks a series of questions, the last of which is, "Are you regular?"
Sam Butera was featured in an episode of "Space Ghost Coast to Coast" (1997). Butera's advice for the host, Space Ghost's evil twin brother Chad Ghostal, on getting "chicks, like a fox [insert purr]" is, "Well, first a little music, a little jive talk. You gotta call her baby, sweetheart, darling, you know all the names that go along with love." When he sang part of "Just a Gigolo," Chad, Zorak, and Moltar found it familiar and Butera began to tell how David Lee Roth stole the song from him. "I wrote that arrangement thirty four years ago, the one that David Lee Roth stole from me. He came in one night to see me, you know, and after the show he walked up to me and said 'Hey Sam!', and I said 'who are you', he said 'I'm David Lee Roth'". "'You know what' I tell him? I said 'give me my money' and he turned right away and walked out." Royalties are paid to songwriters, not arrangers, and the 2 songs making up the arrangement were old standards by the 1950's. Butera's anger towards Roth was equaled by his anger towards journalists, often calling columnists to complain about reviews he didn't like.
Sam Butera appeared in a Joe Piscopo HBO special.
Butera played a part in the movie "The Rat Race" (1960), starring Debbie Reynolds and Tony Curtis. He played a scam artist along with Joe Bushkin who fleeced Curtis out of his instruments. The music can be heard on the LP and the CD released by Dot as a soundtrack of "The Rat Race".
Butera died of pneumonia in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 81.
Selected discography.
Solo albums with The Witnesses:
With The Wildest:
-LPs
-CDs


Alena Anisim

Alena Nikolaevna Anisim (; born 28 September 1962) is a Belarusian politician and member of the House of Representatives of Belarus, the lower house of the National Assembly of Belarus. She is also a linguist, and chairperson of the Frantsishak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society.
Anisim (née Amelchyts) was born on 28 September 1962 into a peasant family in the village of Stoŭbcy, Minskaya oblast.
In 1983, she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Belarusian State University. She then worked as a nursery school and secondary school teacher. From 1991, she was a research associate in the Institute of Jacub Kolas Institute of Linguistics. Since 2017, she has been the chairperson of the Frantsishak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society. From 2017 to 2018, she actively promoted the creation of a Belarusian-language university in Minsk. However, the project was rejected by the Education Ministry.
In 2014, Anisim became a coordinator of the all-Belarussian Congress for Independence. That same year, the Belarusian congress of intellectuals nominated her for the presidency. However, having started a company, she abruptly withdrew from the race.
In 2016, she and Hanna Kanapatskaya were elected to the House of Representatives of Belarus, the first two opposition politicians to gain seats in twenty years.
In 2019, she announced her candidacy for President of Belarus.


Walter Adams (historian)

Sir Walter Adams (16 December 1906 – 21 May 1975) was a British historian and educationalist.
Adams was educated at University College London, and was a lecturer in History at the same institution from 1926 to 1934. He was a Rockefeller Fellow in the United States from 1929 to 1930, and the organising secretary of the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology in 1931.
He served as secretary of the Academic Assistance Council from 1933 to 1938, and of the London School of Economics from 1938 to 1946; he also served as Deputy Head of the British Political Warfare Mission in the United States from 1942 to 1944, and as Assistant Deputy Director-General of the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office in 1945.
After the war, he served as secretary of the Inter-University Council for Higher Education in the Colonies from 1946 to 1955; he was the principal of the College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1955 to 1967, and subsequently Director of the London School of Economics from 1967 to 1974.
Adams was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1945, and Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1952; he was knighted in 1970.


Marion Weed

Marion Weed (September 12, 1865 in Rochester, New York – June 22, 1947 in Rochester, New York) was an internationally-famous American opera singer (dramatic soprano) with lead roles in the Metropolitan Opera, the Cologne Opera, and the Hamburg Opera. She was the Dean of Women and a Dramatic Instructor at the University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music.
Career.
Marion Weed wrote, "My only equipments for my future career were a good, natural contralto voice, an excellent piano and an inordinate love of song." She goes on to write in The Hampton's "Broadway Magazine" that she started with the usual musical education with a mixed ability of teachers. When she was 16, she sang in the Rochester Central Church Ladies' quartette as a contralto and for two years received "excellent" training from the organist. In 1889, she auditioned for a New York Fifth Avenue church and was selected over 40 other competitors. When she was working in New York, she saw Lilli Lehmann as "Isolde" in "Tristan und Isolde" and that is when she "resolved to go abroad and study under Mme. Lehmann." She worked in New York for five years to save money for that goal. Before leaving for Germany, soloist Marion Weed sang "with charming effect a contralto aria from "Freischütz"" for the Metropolitan Opera's Grand Sunday Night Concert in 1894.
Marion Weed then went to Germany where she planned to be trained as a contralto for concerts by Lilli Lehmann, but Lehmann said she was a pure dramatic soprano and should prepare for the grand opera. Lehmann said, "Remain with me for three years and I will promise you a career." From 1896 to 1898 she received an engagement in Cologne. She debuted in 1896 as "Donna Anna" in "Don Giovanni" with "brilliant success" and in 1898 she performed "Freia" in "Rheingold" at the Bayreuth Festival. In 1898 she went to the Hamburg Opera. Her performance as a "Circe" in August Bungert's music drama deserves special mention, which undoubtedly owes a considerable part of its effect to her excellent performance (September 22, 1899).
In 1903, she came back to New York where she debuted at the Metropolitan Opera for the role of "Brünnhilde" in "The Valkyrie". During director Heinrich Conried years at the Met, "Miss Weed and Miss Fremstad and Messrs. Caruso and Goritz became fixtures in the institution." She sang "Kundry" in "Parsifal", alternating with Milka Ternina, in America's first performances. This staging of the opera was not authorized by the Wagner family but the injunction against the production failed. Several years later, Weed was still boycotted and shunned at Bayreuth. On January 22, 1907, she was in the United States premiere, the special and only performance, of the controversial "Salome" in the role of "Herodias". Further performances were banned and it wasn't performed again until 1934. By 1908 she sang in the "Isolde" in "Tristan und Isolde", the "Venus" in "Tannhäuser", the "mother" in "Hansel and Gretel" and the "Orlovsky" in "Die Fledermaus", a total of five years from 17 operas in 70 performances. While the company was on tour in 1906, they survived the San Francisco Earthquake and were some of the first ones to personally report in New York about the tragedy.
In 1910, she again performed in the Hamburg Opera at the Stadt Theater, this time as Isolde. She was engaged with a five-year contract with the Staatsoper Hannover. In 1914 while living in Berlin, but visiting Hamburg, World War I broke out. In an unsealed letter to her sister in Rochester, Marion Weed wrote about how the husband of a couple whose marriage she sang at had died at the Battle of Liège. The music school next door set up its big hall with beds for wounded. She learned basic nursing skills to be a helper to the Red Cross nurses. She wrote, "We have all read about war, but it has seemed a part of history, dim and distant, and now when one experiences the sadness and depression and horror of it, it is too real. I awake every morning with a wish that it were all a dream, and then see all about me evidence of wretchedness." She also wrote about the transportation, communication and financial problems for the hundreds of stranded Americans and how she planned to travel back to Berlin.
After completing her international stage career, she returned to teach in her home town as the Dean of Women at the newly formed University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music and as a Dramatic Instructor in the Opera Department. She taught there from 1921 to 1937. One of the first graduates, Adelaide Fish Cumming (known as portraying Betty Crocker), fondly remembered her teaching "Stage Deportment", "When it came time to learn stage falls, she demonstrated
so realistically that the class shrieked in unison and ran to help her. She just laughed – not even dignity damaged." Mu Phi Epsilon awarded the Marion Weed Scholarship Prize to students, in memory of their beloved counselor of women students.
References.
Ludwig Eisenberg: "Großes biographisches Lexikon der Deutschen Bühne im XIX. Jahrhundert". Verlag Paul List, Leipzig 1903, S. 1098 (Textarchiv – Internet Archive).


Eddi Arent

Gebhardt Georg Arendt (5 May 1925 – 28 May 2013) was a German actor, cabaret artist and comedian. He appeared in 104 films between 1956 and 2002. He was born in Danzig, Free City of Danzig (present-day Gdańsk, Poland) and died in Munich, Germany, aged 88 from Alzheimer's disease.


Pak-Tong language

Pak-Tong (or Tong-Pak) is an Oceanic language of the Pak and Tong islands of Manus Province, Papua New Guinea.


Giovanni Battista de Rossi

Giovanni Battista (Carlo) de Rossi (23 February 1822 – 20 September 1894) was an Italian archaeologist, famous even outside his field for rediscovering early Christian catacombs.
Life and works.
Born in Rome, he applied the sciences of archaeology and epigraphy, and leveraged his thorough knowledge of the topography of Rome, not to mention the resources of the Vatican Library, where he was employed cataloguing manuscripts. These skills he brought to Early Christian sites and guided the development of a new field, Christian archaeology. He travelled widely, knew all the museum collections intimately and was at the center of a network of professional friendships with all the European scholars of his fields.
In 1849 he rediscovered the lost Catacombs of Callixtus along the Via Appia Antica, with Alexander . The catacombs were opened in the early 3rd century, as the principal Christian cemetery in Rome, where nine 3rd-century popes were buried. He published illustrations by Gregorio Mariani.
In 1873, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society. In 1877 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1882, he was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.
In 1888 de Rossi discovered that the Codex Amiatinus, the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete Bible in the Latin Vulgate version, was related to the Bibles mentioned by Bede. It was also established that the Codex Amiatinus was related to the "Greenleaf" Bible fragment in the British Library. For a thousand years the Codex Amiatinus was believed to be Italian in origin. It was only at that time that de Rossi discovered that the original inscription was that of Ceolfrith of the English.
He died at Castel Gandolfo.