Govindpur (community development block)

Govindpur (also spelled Gobindpur) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand state, India.
Overview.
Dhanbad district forms a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, but it is more of an upland than a plateau. The district has two broad physical divisions – the southern part is a coal mining area with mining and industrial towns, and the northern part has villages scattered around hills. The landscape of the southern part is undulating and monotonous, with some scars of subsidence caused by underground mining. One of the many spurs of Parashnath Hills (1,365.50 m), located in neighbouring Giridih district, passes through the Topchanchi and Tundi areas of the district. The spur attains a height of 457.29 m but there is no peak as such. The Dhangi Hills (highest peak 385.57 m) run from Pradhan Khunta to Gobindpur. While the main river Damodar flows along the southern boundary, its tributary, the Barakar, flows along the northern boundary. DVC has built two dams across the rivers. The Panchet Dam is across the Damodar and the Maithon Dam is across the Barakar.
Maoist activities.
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. , Dhanbad was one of the highly/moderately affected districts in the state., Dhanbad was not identified as a focus area by the state police to check Maoist activities. However, there were some isolated Maoist activities in the Dhanbad area.
Geography.
Govindpur is located at .
Govindpur CD Block is bounded by Tundi and Purbi Tundi CD Blocks, on the north, Nirsa CD Block on the east, Baliapur and Dhanbad CD Blocks in the south and Baghmara CD Block on the west.
Govindpur CD Block has a forest area of 2,360.99 hectares, covering 7.06% of the area of the CD Block.
Govindpur CD Block has an area of 329.71 km2. It has 40 gram panchayats and 225 villages. Govindpur and Barwaada police stations serve this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Govindpur.
It is located 12 km from Dhanbad, the district headquarters.
Demographics.
Population.
As per the 2011 Census of India Gobindpur CD Block had a total population of 245,697, of which 220,184 were rural and 25,313 were urban. There were 127,285 (52%) males and 118,412 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 39,613. Scheduled Castes numbered 27,617 (11.24%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 34,026 (13.85%).
Gobindpur CD Block has three census towns (2011 population figure in brackets): Gobindpur (11,318), Karmatanr (6,392) and Jangalpur (7,603).
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Govindpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Murgabani (4,174) and Parasi (4,186).
Literacy.
 census the total number of literates in Gobindpur CD Block was 141,233 (68.53% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 86,332 (80.96% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 54,901 (55.21% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.76%.
 census, literacy in Dhanbad district was 74.52%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 66.41% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.
See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate
Language.
Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor.
In the 2011 census, Hindi was the mother-tongue (languages mentioned under Schedule 8 of the Constitution of India) of 62.5% of the population in Dhanbad district, followed by Bengali (19.3%) and Urdu (8.1%). The scheduled tribes constituted 8.4% of the total population of the district. Amongst the scheduled tribes those speaking Santali formed 77.2% of the ST population. Other tribes found in good numbers were: Munda, Mahli and Kora.
Economy.
Livelihood.
In Govindpur CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 24,038 and formed 24.25%, agricultural labourers numbered 18,123 and formed 18.28%, household industry workers numbered 4,182 and formed 4.22% and other workers numbered 52,776 and formed 53.25%.
Infrastructure.
There are 213 inhabited villages in Govindpur CD Block. In 2011, 201 villages had power supply. 19 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 208 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 205 villages had hand pumps, and 5 villages had no drinking water facility. 23 villages had post offices, 23 villages had sub post offices, 17 villages had telephones (land lines), 51 villages had public call offices and 118 villages had mobile phone coverage. 207 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 25 villages had bus service (public/ private), 6 villages had railway stations, 24 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 59 villages had tractors. 20 villages had bank branches, 9 villages had agricultural credit societies, 8 villages had cinema/ video halls, 11 villages had public library and public reading rooms. 171 villages had public distribution system, 25 villages had weekly haat (market) and 108 villages had assembly polling stations.
Coal.
Jharia coalfield is the richest treasure house of metallurgical coal in India. The Govindpur Area of BCCL is located in Govindpur CD Block.
The following collieries function under the Govindpur Area of BCCL: Kharkhari, Maheshpur, Jogidih, Kooridih, Gobindpur, S/Govindpur, Teturiya and Akash Kinaree.
The Govindpur Area was formed with thirty-one collieries taken over from the private sector.
Industry.
Kandra Industrial Area is located in this block. It produces hard coke, colour oxide and mining-based chemical products.
Agriculture.
Dhanbad district has infertile laterite soil, having a general tendency towards continuous deterioration. The soil can be classified in two broad categories – red sandy soil and red and yellow soil. There are patches of alluvium along the river banks. Limited water resources constitute a major constraint for cultivation. Paddy is the main crop. The soils for rice cultivation fall into three categories – "baad", "kanali" and "bahal". "Aghani", is the main winter crop, consisting primarily of winter rice. "Bhadai" is the autumn crop. Apart from paddy, less important grain crops such as marua and maize are grown. The "Rabi" crop includes such cold weather crops as wheat, barley, oats, gram and pulses.
Backward Regions Grant Fund.
Dhanbad district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.
Transport.
NH 18 and State Highway 13 (Jharkhand) meet NH 19 (old numbering NH 2)/ Grand Trunk Road at Govindpur.
Education.
In 2011, amongst the 213 inhabited villages in Govindpur CD Block, 51 villages had no primary school, 149 villages had one primary school and 13 villages had more than one primary school. 67 villages had at least one primary school and one middle school. 8 villages had at least one middle school and one secondary school.
Healthcare.
In 2013, Govindpur CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 4 primary health centres and 3 private nursing homes with total 30 beds and 12 doctors (excluding private bodies). 1,852 patients were treated indoor and 51,786 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.
In 2011, amongst the 213 inhabited villages in Govindpur CD Block, 2 villages had primary health centres, 15 villages had primary health sub-centres, 1 village had maternity and child welfare centre, no village had a TB Clinic, 2 village had an allopathic hospital, no village had an alternative medicine hospital, 5 village had a dispensary, 1 village had veterinary hospital, 4 villages had medicine shops and 184 villages had no medical facilities.


Solomon Airport

Solomon Airport is located west of the Karijini National Park, Western Australia.


Kalombo Mwansa

Kalombo Mwansa (1955 - March 15, 2020) was a Zambian politician who served as Defence Minister.
Political career.
Kalombo Mwansa became Zambia's Defense Minister on July 9, 2009. He was previously the foreign minister of Zambia from July 19, 2002 until January 2005, when he switched positions with Ronnie Shikapwasha in a cabinet reshuffle and became home affairs minister until August 2005, when he became mines and development minister in another cabinet reshuffle. He became home minister again after the 2008 presidential election, serving from November 18, 2008, until July 2009 when he became Defense Minister in another cabinet reshuffle.
Mwansa died on March 15, 2020 at the age of 65.


Turyinsky mine

The Turyinsky mine is a large copper mine located in the south-west of Russia in Orenburg Oblast. Turyinsky represents one of the largest copper reserve in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 151.3 million tonnes of ore grading 1.2% copper.


Gold mining in China

Gold mining in the People's Republic of China has made that country the world's largest gold producer by far with 463.7 tonnes in 2016. For the year 2007, gold output rose 12% from 2006 to to become the world's largest for the first time—overtaking South Africa, which produced . South Africa had until then been the largest for 101 years straight since 1905. The major reasons for this change in position had been due to South African production falling by 50% in the past decade as production costs there have risen, more stringent safety regulations have been implemented, and existing mines have become depleted.
On the other hand, as of 2014 gold output in China had more than doubled since year 2000. In recent years, China's gold mining industry has received increased foreign and domestic investment, and project numbers have increased as more discoveries have been found. China produced nearly 300 tonnes of gold in 2008. It is also the only country in the top three where production rose in 2008. In 2014, production had increased to 450 tonnes and it was expected to reach 490 in 2015. The second-largest producer, Australia, mined 274 tonnes in the same year, followed by Russia with 247 tonnes. South Africa is now in the 6th position with 152 tonnes.
Important organizations include China Gold Association (中国黄金协会) and China International Mining Group (中国国际矿业集团).
Scale.
Domestic producers still suffer from a lack of scale. In 2000, there were about 2,000 gold producers - most of them relatively small and unsophisticated by international standards. Few are able to operate on a global platform, though the number of producers had shrunk to about 800 in 2007 after mergers and acquisitions and restructuring and consolidation. Most of these firms' technological standards and management are weak and inefficient.
The country's oldest and largest gold producer is the China National Gold Group Corporation (CNGGC), which accounts for 20% of total gold production in China and controls more than 30% of domestic reserves. CNGGC also controls Zhongji Gold, the first publicly listed gold mining company in China.
Production and reserves.
China's gold reserves are relatively small (about 7% of the world total). Production has usually been concentrated in the eastern provinces of Shandong, Henan, Fujian and Liaoning. Recently, western provinces such as Guizhou and Yunnan have seen a sharp increase, but from a relatively small base. There is gold mining in Tibet in Maizhokunggar County east of Lhasa.
Foreign investment.
Top foreign investment has come from Canada and Australia. Though foreign investment still constitutes a very important part of gold mining expansion, since 1995 it has no longer been actively encouraged by the Chinese government.
Vancouver-based Jinshan Gold Mines Inc. started production in July at its Chang Shan Hao gold mine in China's northern province of Inner Mongolia, reaching 19,000 ounces of gold by December 18. The mine is designed to produce about 120,000 ounces of gold per year, making it one of the country's largest producers.
Multibillion-dollar Indian Liberty Group owns two mines in China, and is scheduled to start mining in 2012
Gold Fields and Australia's Sino Gold Mining Ltd., have set up a joint venture focused on discovering large gold deposits in China with the potential to produce about 500,000 ounces a year. Sino Gold has been buying stakes in Chinese gold deposits and explorers. In May it started production at its Jinfeng Gold Mine in southern China, with planned gold production of 180,000 ounces per year.
Demand and consumption.
Most of China's gold output stays in the country where it is transformed into jewelry and manufactured items, though the country's export role is increasing. In 2007, fabrication rose 18%, helped by demand from China's increasingly wealthy middle and upper classes. With a rapid rise in domestic demand, China is now the world's fourth largest gold-consuming country. Chinese market demand accounts for 9.2% of worldwide gold consumption.
Investment in foreign mines.
In 2006 the Chinese Government began encouraging some private and state-owned companies to pursue mining deals outside of China. In the 10 years that have since passed, the number of major mining/mineral projects in Africa that are owned by Chinese firms have increased from only a handful in 2006 to more than 120 in 2015. A 2016 report stated that Chinese mining companies intend to continue and even increase investments in foreign assets.
In 2012, the China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGNPC) invested in the Husab project in Namibia, one of the world’s largest uranium deposits, and mining started in 2015. Chinese mining companies have invested and purchased assets in Sierra Leone, at least nine mining companies in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Futures market.
In January 2008, China opened its first gold futures market in Shanghai in response to domestic demand for gold, as well as allowing its producers to hedge risks from daily gold price fluctuations.
Notes.
One metric ton is equal to about 1.1 short tons, which is the common volume measure in the United States, or 35,274 ounces.


Kym Winter-Dewhirst

Kym Winter-Dewhirst was a senior South Australian public servant, former mining industry professional and political lobbyist. He was appointed to the role of Chief Executive Department of the Premier & Cabinet in the Government of South Australia in January 2015, where he became the highest paid public sector employee in South Australia's history. He was previously employed as Vice-President of Coal at mining company, BHP Billiton, and had worked extensively on the Olympic Dam mine expansion project as an employee of Western Mining Corporation prior to 2005 and BHP Billiton thereafter.
Early career.
Winter-Dewhirst studied politics at Flinders University and journalism at the University of South Australia. Also a musician and songwriter, his band, Kym Winter-Dewhirst and the Love Muscles, released an album called "Dirty World" in 1994. He established the firm Winter-Dewhirst & Associates in 1996 and worked as a political lobbyist until 2002. Between 2002 and 2004, he was the Chief of Staff to the Government of South Australia's Environment Minister, John Hill.
Career.
Olympic Dam mine.
Kym Winter-Dewhirst has had a long professional association with the Olympic Dam copper, gold and uranium mine near Roxby Downs in South Australia. Prior to BHP Billiton's acquisition of Western Mining Corporation and its assets in 2005 (which included the Olympic Dam mine), Winter-Dewhirst worked for WMC as manager of government relations. Under BHP Billiton's ownership, his senior executive positions related to the mine have included Vice-President External Affairs – Uranium Customer Sector Group and Vice-President Government and Community Relations Olympic Dam. He has worked as part of the company's environmental regulatory approvals team with a focus on the Olympic Dam environmental impact study (EIS) and the revision of the Roxby Downs (Indenture Ratification) Act 1982.
In 2012, following the dismissal of Arabunna elder Kevin Buzzacott's legal challenge of the Olympic Dam mine expansion's environmental approval, Winter-Dewhirst told the ABC that the company had always been confident and welcomed the result. Despite economic circumstances placing the expansion project on hold, Winter-Dewhirst believes it is not a matter of "if" but "when" it will proceed.
In his role as Vice-President External Affairs he briefed the Minister of BHP Billiton's intention to undertake heap leaching mineral processing trials at Olympic Dam. Federal environmental approval was granted for trials to proceed on 29 August 2014. On 5 September it was announced that Kym Winter-Dewhirst would be appointed to Chief executive of the Department of Premier and Cabinet and that he would assume the role in early 2015.
Department of the Premier and Cabinet, Chief executive.
In January 2015 Winter-Dewhirst was responsible for the sacking of 11 executives within the Department of Premier and Cabinet. Critics felt the process was unnecessarily brutal, with at least one marched from the building "like a criminal about to confront the gallows". Winter-Dewhirst told staff that a new Executive Committee (ExCo) would meet in February "with a focus on business planning, delivery measurement and reporting, as well as embedding our values." The message was delivered via email. Premier Jay Weatherill referred to Winter-Dewhirst's restructuring as helping to create an "engine room of policy" stating that "it was his decision, not my decision, but I fully support it."
Winter-Dewhirst's annual salary of $550,000 has attracted criticism by political commentators. His predecessor Jim Hallion received $425,000.
In 2016 Winter-Dewhirst told in Daily "I always felt that in this job time is my enemy… And so I decided I would make some significant changes and I would start at the top, and I would create opportunities for others to step up and seize a new agenda." He also stated that he views the department as a "business", the focus of which is now "delivery and implementation".
He stepped down in early 2017 to care for his ill wife, with Don Russell taking his place.
Other appointments.
Prior to his appointment as BHP Billiton's Vice-President Coal, Winter-Dewhirst held a number of senior positions within the company, including Vice-President Group Public Affairs and Principal Adviser Government and Community Relations – Base Metals Australia. Winter-Dewhirst was also the Minerals Council of Australia's appointed representative on the Lake Eyre Basin Agreement's Community Advisory Committee. He has also held a position on the board of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.
Personal life.
Kym Winter-Dewhirst was born in Adelaide. He was married in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens in 1983. He lived in Brisbane while acting as BHP Billiton's Vice-President of Coal.
In early 2017 he stepped down from his role as CEO of DPC, in order to care for his ill wife.


Paul Shane

Paul Shane (19 June 1940 – 16 May 2013) was an English comedian and actor known for his television work, in particular playing Ted Bovis in "Hi-de-Hi!", a 1980s BBC sitcom.
Early life and career.
Shane was born George Frederick Speight in Thrybergh near Rotherham in the West Riding of Yorkshire. After leaving school in 1955, he was a miner at Silverwood Colliery until he slipped on soap in the pit-head baths in 1967, resulting in double herniated discs resulting him being pensioned from the coal mines. Two years later he became a professional entertainer. He already had 10 years' experience as a part-time entertainer in pubs and clubs in south Yorkshire.
His first appearance, as a singer, was at the Grafton pub—now demolished—in St Ann's Road, Rotherham. His first club booking was at St Ann's Club in Rotherham, for 30 shillings. His transformation from singer to comedian was gradual, starting with his version of "Green, Green Grass of Home", which was straight at first, but ultimately became a send-up of the version by Tom Jones.
"Hi-de-Hi" and "You Rang, M'Lord?".
Shane played small parts and made guest appearances in television series throughout the 1970s. In May 1979, the comedy writer Jimmy Perry spotted Shane playing Frank Roper in an episode of "Coronation Street" and offered him the part of Ted Bovis in his new holiday-camp sitcom "Hi-de-Hi!". The series ran from 1980 until 1988, when Perry and his co-writer David Croft wrote the pilot of "You Rang, M'Lord?" and invited Shane to play Alf Stokes. That show ran until 1993.
In 1991, Shane was given his own show, "Very Big Very Soon", which ran for one series.
Later career.
Shane's performance of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" on "Pebble Mill at One" in 1996 was voted the 72nd-funniest moment on British television in an opinion poll on Channel 4 in 2004.
Between 1995 and 1997, Shane played Jack Skinner in two series of "Oh, Doctor Beeching!". Subsequently, he appeared most frequently in theatre, though he also had guest spots in "Holby City" and "Emmerdale".
Shane also appeared in variety theatre in towns including Blackpool in 2006, and in pantomime in "Jack and the Beanstalk" in 2008. In 2008, he was in an episode of the ITV drama series "A Touch of Frost", playing boatsman "Diesel Bob".
He was the subject of "This Is Your Life" in 1981, when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in London's Covent Garden.
Personal life.
Shane was married to Dorothy (née Shortt), who died on 2 October 2001. They had three daughters.
On 1 April 1984, he was inducted into the Grand Order of Water Rats.
Health and death.
In May 2009, Shane was admitted to the Northern General Hospital in Sheffield for heart surgery and made a full recovery.
Following another short period of ill-health, he died on 16 May 2013 at a hospice in Rotherham, aged 72. His three daughters and six grandchildren survived him. His funeral was at Rotherham Minster; the mourners included former colleagues from "Hi-de-Hi!".


Maldwyn James

David Maldwyn James (28 June 1913 – 19 July 2003) was a Welsh international rugby union player.
Born in Cilfynydd, Glamorgan, he attended Pontypridd Boys Grammar School before working underground as a collier for the Albion Colliery, Cilfynydd. During the early 1930s he played rugby for Cilfynydd RFC and Pontypridd RFC in the position of hooker, although he was also a skilled goal-kicker and all-rounder. In 1937 and 1938 he was selected for the Wales international trials but a severe injury to his right foot kept him away from the game until 1941.
In 1945 he joined Cardiff RFC, contributing 145 points to the season, and eventually making 85 appearances for the club. During his time at Cardiff he played in four 'Victory' internationals for Wales at the end of the Second World War. Caps were not awarded for these matches.
In the Wales v Australia match of 20 December 1947 at the Cardiff Arms Park, James became the oldest player to make a debut for Wales, aged 34 and five months. He played throughout the 1948 season, against England, Scotland, France and finally Ireland, winning five Welsh caps. Thereafter he retired from rugby but continued to be involved with Cardiff RFC serving on the Committee in season 1949–50 and thereafter in many capacities until he retired in 1959–60. He was appointed again to the Committee in 1972–73 and was chairman in season 1975–76 before finally retiring in 1984.
James had qualified as a mining engineer in 1941 and rose to become the manager of several South Wales collieries, including the Albion Colliery. At the time of his retirement in 1973 he was NCB South Wales East Area Group Manager.


UVX Mining Co.

 The UVX Mining Co., owned by James S. Douglas, Jr., operated the United Verde Extension (UVX) Mine at Jerome and built a copper smelter complex at Clemenceau (Cottonwood) in the U.S. state of Arizona. The complex, operational from 1917 through 1937, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Specific buildings in the complex include:


Cleveland-Cliffs

Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., formerly Cliffs Natural Resources, is a Cleveland, Ohio-based company that specializes in the mining, beneficiation, and pelletizing of iron ore, as well as steelmaking, including stamping and tooling. It is the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America.
Operations.
Cleveland-Cliffs manages and operates four iron ore mines in Minnesota and two mines in Michigan, one of which, the Empire Mine, has been indefinitely idled. These mines produce various grades of iron ore pellets, including standard and fluxed, for use in blast furnaces as part of the steelmaking process as well as DR-grade pellets for use in direct reduced iron applications. Since the mines are located near the Great Lakes, the majority of the pellets are transported by rail to loading ports for shipments via vessel to steelmakers in North America. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the company sold 12 million, 19 million and 21 million long tons of iron ore product, respectively, to third parties.
The company operates a hot-briquetted iron (HBI) facility in Toledo, Ohio. HBI is a form of direct reduced iron that can be used as an alternative to scrap iron. When used as a feedstock, HBI can enable an electric arc furnace to produce more valuable grades of steel.
It also operates three cokemaking facilities in Monessen, Pennsylvania, Warren, Ohio, and Follansbee, West Virginia, with an annual capacity of 3.9 million tons, as well as a coal mine in Princeton, West Virginia.
The company operates many fully-integrated steel mills and finishing facilities in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and North Carolina. It has annual production capacity of approximately 23 million net tons of raw steel.
History.
The firm's earliest predecessor was the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, founded in 1847 and chartered as a company by Michigan in 1850. Samuel Mather and six Ohio-based associates had learned of rich iron-ore deposits recently discovered in the highlands of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Soon afterwards, the first Soo Locks opened in 1855, allowing iron ore to be shipped from Lake Superior to Lake Erie.
Technological improvements, such as the Bessemer process, made it possible for the North American Great Lakes to produce steel on an industrial scale. The south shore of Lake Erie was near a supply of coal, making that region an efficient point for the construction of steel mills.
The company's request for government intervention quashed the Upper Peninsula miners' strike of 1865.
In the late 1800s, the company expanded via acquisitions to gain market share. The former Cleveland Iron Mining Co. was a survivor of this shakeout, purchasing many of its competitors. One key merger in 1890, with Jeptha Wade's Cliffs Iron Company led the combined firm to change its name to the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company.
The company invested substantially to improve the logistics of iron-ore transport. In 1892, the firm built the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad to carry iron ore from the mines directly to company-owned docks on Lake Superior.
William G. Mather, the son of Samuel, guided Cleveland-Cliffs as president and later as chairman of the board from 1890 to 1947, participating in the transition from the hard-rock iron ore of Upper Michigan to the soft hematite of Minnesota's Mesabi Range and adjacent lodes.
Under Mather, Cleveland-Cliffs was a leader in the development of the classic-type lake freighter, a bulk-cargo vessel especially designed to carry Great Lakes commodities. The "SS William G. Mather", launched in 1925, is a surviving example of this ship type. For almost a century, the black-hulled Cleveland-Cliffs ships were familiar sights on the upper lakes.
Demand for American iron ore hit peaks during World War I, World War II, and the post-WWII consumer boom. In 1933, Edward Greene (the son-in-law of Jeptha Homer Wade II) replaced William G. Mather as the head of the company. The Mather A Mine opened in the early 1940s and the Mather B shaft in the 1950s. As the Cold War continued, reserves of mineable hematite dwindled in northern Minnesota and Cleveland-Cliffs returned some of its focus to its traditional areas of interest around the Marquette Iron Range, where new deposits of magnetite were opened. The first pellet plant was built at Eagle Mills in 1954, followed by the first grate/kiln plant at the Humboldt Mine in 1960. The Republic Mine was converted from a shaft mine to an open pit and concentrator in 1956 and a two-kiln pellet plant was added in 1962. The Empire Mine opened in 1963 and was expanded in the mid- and late-1970s; the Pioneer Pellet Plant was opened in 1965 to pelletize the underground ore from the Mather B Mine in Negaunee, Michigan. In 1974, the Tilden Mine opened in Ishpeming, Michigan. This mine was and is the only mine in the world with the ability to produce both hematite and magnetite pellets.
In 1970, a high-grade iron-ore mine was opened at Pannawonica in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, with a rail line to processing facilities at Cape Lambert for which the residential township of Wickham was built. A pellet plant was built but ceased operation before 1980, following a sharp increase in the cost of diesel fuel.
During the 1970s, Cleveland-Cliffs had large interests in uranium and shale oil fields, as well as the oil and gas drilling industries. It also had holdings in the forest products industry. This interests were sold in the 1980s when the company refocused its efforts on its core iron ore business.
After the recessions of 1974–75 and 1981–83, Cleveland-Cliffs shrank its operations, closing the Mather B Mine and the Pioneer Pellet Plant and associated Ore Improvement Plant in 1979. The Humboldt Pellet Plant closed in 1981 and the Republic Mine was idled in 1981 and closed for good in 1996, when Cliffs began turning the associated tailings ponds into compensatory wetlands for its other properties. Over half of the Marquette Iron Range employees were laid off and, in 1984, Cliffs withdrew from the Great Lakes shipping industry.
In 1994, the company acquired Northshore Mining in Silver Bay, Minnesota.
In 2001, the company cut its dividend by 73% due to low prices.
In 2002, Ling-Temco-Vought, a partner in the Empire Mine managed by CCI, closed and the Empire Mine was idled for six months. President George W. Bush enacted the 2002 United States steel tariff that greatly benefitted domestically-produced steel.
In 2003, the company, in a joint venture with Laiwu Steel, purchased the assets of bankrupt Eveleth Mines and formed United Taconite. In 2008, it acquired the full ownership for $100 million in cash and 1,529,619 common shares.
In the 2000s, benefitting from the 2002 United States steel tariff, the company embarked upon a strategy to expand globally and to diversify into other minerals, leading to the acquisitions of iron-ore properties in Brazil, Canada and Australia and coal properties in Australia and the US.
In June 2007, the company acquired PinnOak, its first domestic coal company, which mined coal in Alabama and West Virginia and once belonged to U.S. Steel.
Due to its venture into coal, the company changed its name from Cleveland-Cliffs to Cliffs Natural Resources in October 2008.
In 2008, the company agreed to acquire Alpha Natural Resources but called off the transaction in November 2008 due to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. It paid a $70 million breakup fee.
In January 2010, the company acquired Freewest Resources Canada, giving it large chromite deposits in the Ring of Fire district in the James Bay Lowlands of Ontario, Canada, for $550 million. In 2015, it sold those assets for $20 million.
In May 2011, the company acquired Consolidated Thompson Iron Mines from Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation for C$4.9 billion. The acquisition included Bloom Lake iron ore mine in Quebec.
On May 5, 2011, the company was added to the Fortune 500. Its ranking of 477 was based on the company's performance in 2010.
in July 2013, CEO Joseph Carrabba announced that he would retire by December 31, 2013. Lead director James Kirsch was elected non-executive chairperson in his stead. Gary Halverson, formerly interim chief operating officer of Barrick Gold, was appointed president and chief operating officer in October 2013, and president and chief executive officer in February 2014.
At the 2014 annual general meeting, six new directors nominated by activist hedge fund Casablanca Capital were elected, giving the fund control of the board of directors. Lourenco Goncalves was appointed chairman, president and CEO of the company. The reconstituted Board moved to shift the company's strategic objectives from global diversification to a renewed focus on strengthening its U.S. iron ore business.
In December 2015, the company sold its remaining North American coal operations.
Cliffs announced plans in early 2016 to close the Empire Mine near Marquette, Michigan, terminating the jobs of approximately 400 workers.
The company announced on August 15, 2017 that it was returning to its former brand name, Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.
In August 2018, the company sold its Asia Pacific iron ore assets. It also sold its Australian assets.
On March 13, 2020, the company acquired AK Steel Holding for $1.1 billion.
In December 2020, the company acquired the United States operations of ArcelorMittal for approximately $1.4 billion, making it the largest producer of flat-rolled steel and iron ore pellets in North America.
Archives.
Cleveland-Cliffs has deposited many of its pre-1981 papers in the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes at Bowling Green State University as well as Central Upper Peninsula Archives at Northern Michigan University.


Sohagpur Coalfield

Sohagpur Coalfield is located in Shahdol district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh in the basin of the Son River. It is the biggest coalfield in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
History.
Coal was discovered in this region, first in Sohagpur Coalfield by a British geologist named Franklin in 1830. After the First World War, the first attempts at coal mining failed, but around 1926 Burhar and Dhanpuri collieries were started. The Anuppur-Chirimiri line was opened in 1939 and mining operations were extended subsequently. Sohagpur Coalfield is a remnant in the Son basin of Gondwana deposition.
The coalfield.
Sohagpur Coalfield is a part of Central India Coalfields. The latter is spread over the districts of Surguja, Koriya (both in Chhattisgarh), Shahdol and Umaria (both in Madhya Pradesh). There are fourteen coalfields in this group, namely Korar, Umaria, Johilla, Sohagpur, Sonhat, Jhilimili, Chirimiri, Sendurgarh, Koreagarh, Damhamunda, Panchbahini, Hasdeo-Arand, Lakhanpur and Bishrampur. The group covers an area of about with estimated reserves of 15,613.98 million tonnes. The deposits are at a depth of 0–1200 meters. Therefore, extraction is mainly amenable to underground mining except a few blocks in eastern part of these coalfields which have opencast potential.
Sohagpur Coalfield is spread over an area of about and has an estimated reserve of 4,064 million tonnes.
There are four coal seams, about 1–4 m in thickness spread across three sub-basins: Burhar-Amlai sub-basin located in the western part of the coalfield, Kotma sub-basin, located on the Anuppur-Chirimiri branch line, 40 miles east of Burhar and the Jhagrakhand-Bijuri sub-basin in the easternmost part of the coalfield. In general the coal is of low rank, high moisture, high volatiles and non-coking type.
Sohagpur Coalfield is divided in two parts by the east-west running Barmni-Chilpa fault. Coal found on the north of this fault is characteristically different from the coal occurring south of the fault. Coking coal has been found in the north of the fault.
Sharda Opencast Mine is being expanded from 0.50 million tonnes per annum to 0.85 million tonnes per annum and the mining area from 242.847 ha to 871.205 ha. Highwall mining has been introduced here. Normal open cast methods cannot be used as it is uneconomical to develop the coal seam by such methods in a small, confined area. By using this successful technology for the first time in India, the abandoned Sharda opencast mine has been a landmark in the Indian mining industry.
Coalbed Methane.
Sohagpur Coalfield has ample scope of Coalbed methane exploration.


Halfway, South Lanarkshire

Halfway is a largely suburban area in the town of Cambuslang, Scotland, located within the local authority area of South Lanarkshire. It borders the smaller areas of Lightburn, Cairns, Flemington, Drumsagard and Hallside.
Halfway is the largest component of the Cambuslang East ward of South Lanarkshire Council which has an overall population of around 16,000.
History and amenities.
The district was named in the days of the Glasgow to Hamilton stagecoach when passengers would stop halfway between the destinations to change the horses, have a rest etc. There is a long history of coal mining in the area (especially around Flemington), but no colliery is still in operation. It also has the older name of "Gilbertfield", referring to the nearby ruined 'castle' of that name (as it is known locally - it is, in fact, a stately home) which still stands to the south. It was owned by Hamilton of Gilbertfield. He was a friend of Robert Burns and wrote a poem about William Wallace called "Blind Harry's Wallace", a rendering into contemporary English of a medieval Scots poem, which was eventually used as the basis for the screenplay that became the Mel Gibson blockbuster "Braveheart".
The area sits to the south of "Dechmont Hill", an extinct volcanic rock above sea level. There is evidence, written by the Welsh chroniclers, that King Arthur's 12th battle, the battle of "Calaan", took place there against the two sons of his rival "Caw", (or "Cawn"), king of Strathclyde.
Halfway is home to two places of worship, Flemington-Hallside Parish Church (adjacent to the area's single residential tower block, "Logan Tower") and St. Cadoc's Roman Catholic Chapel south-west of the main road in the Cairns post-World War II housing estate, named after the now-demolished mansion 'The Cairns'. There is also a lawn bowling club, a fuel filling station, a local park with play area, a public library, a small medical centre and a typical selection of local shops, takeaways and public houses. All these amenities are located either on the main thoroughfare, Hamilton Road, or just off it.
There is no train station in the immediate area, although northern parts of Halfway are within walking distance of Newton railway station. The main road is on a bus route between Glasgow and Lanarkshire (the same route taken by the historic stagecoaches mentioned above).
Schools.
Primary schools in the area include St. Cadoc's RC, Cairns (immediately next to St Cadoc's), Hallside and Park View. All were rebuilt in the 2010s, except Park View which only opened in 2014 to alleviate overcrowding at nearby Hallside. After Cairns Primary was re-located on the site of the old mansion a few hundred yards to the west of its original 1950s site, the old buildings were used as a decant facility by other schools in the district while theirs were rebuilt meaning for several years there were three schools on a single suburban street, one with pupils who did not live nearby – it was hoped that the traffic congestion problems frequently experienced by locals would be alleviated once this modernisation process was completed across the region in early 2020, but later that year it was noted that this was still a concern for many parents.
Older children normally go on to Trinity High School, Cathkin High School or Stonelaw High School, depending on which primary school they attended.
Gilbertfield.
In March 2017, an application by Persimmon Homes to build almost 400 houses in land immediately to the north of Gilbertfield Castle was approved by South Lanarkshire Council's planning committee; this was somewhat controversial as the land had previously been designated Green belt. Various concerns were raised by local residents, community councillors (representing Halfway/"Cambuslang East" ward), the Lowland Reserve Forces and Cadets Association who have a rifle range adjacent to the site, and Clare Haughey and James Kelly, MSPs for the area, which were presented to the committee along with a 1300-signature petition opposing the development, without success. Revisions had already been made to the plans after the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency objected to the builder's initial submission in 2016.
A proposal for a further development directly incorporating the castle was publicised in May 2020.


Pilok

Pilok ( or , ) is a subdistrict ("tambon") in Thong Pha Phum District of Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province. Its main settlement, Ban I-tong (, ), is a remote village on the Myanmar border, and is surrounded by Thong Pha Phum National Park, which takes up most of the subdistrict's area. Pilok rose as a mining boomtown in the 1940s, when tin and tungsten mines were established in the area, but suffered greatly from the tin market crash of 1985, after which its mines ceased operation. The village has since seen revival as a tourist destination.
Name.
The name Pilok probably derives from the Thai term "phi lok" (ผีหลอก, to be scared by ghosts), a reference to the area's hostile conditions as well as violent early history, when clashes between Thai authorities and Burmese workers left many dead. The village name of I-tong comes from ("nat im taung"), meaning "mountain of spirits".
History.
The exact discovery of Pilok's tin and tungsten deposits have not been documented, but the earliest mining operations were probably done by small-scale Burmese prospectors working in the frontier region. Official Thai involvement began in 1940 when the (now-defunct) state-owned Mines Organization established the Pilok Mine. Private mining operations then followed, soon numbering over fifty.
Initially, mining operations were hindered by the harsh inaccessibility of the region. Ore from the mines had to be transported by elephant to Tha Khanun on the Khwae Noi River, from where it was two days by boat (five days if travelling upstream) to the provincial centre of Kanchanaburi. A road was soon built, linking the mines to the river by 1950, and by the 1980s partially paved roads provided year-round direct access to the mines from Kanchanaburi. Pilok became a bustling mining town, serving thousands of workers, with two cinemas and an airfield.
In 1985, the global tin market crashed, and tin prices plunged. Pilok's mining companies had to close down, and the mines were abandoned. Most of the population left, and Pilok/I-tong was reduced to almost a ghost town.
As part of conservation plans of the Western Forest Complex beginning in 1991, most of the forested area of Pilok Subdistrict became included under the new Thong Pha Phum National Park, which was officially established in 2009. The village has since seen somewhat of a revival, as its remoteness became an attraction for tourists. Much of the remaining population of I-tong have adopted the new tourism-oriented economy, with many homes converted to cafes and homestays.
Geography and administration.
Pilok Subdistrict covers an area of , about 95% of which is natural forest, in the Tenasserim Hills of Western Thailand. The subdistrict contains four villages ("muban"): I-tong, Bo-ong (), Mai Rai Pa () and Pilok Khi (), with a total population of 6,512 from 2,365 households. Its local administration falls entirely under the Pilok Subdistrict Administration Organization.
Ban I-tong () lies at an elevation of on the Myanmar border, by road from the district centre and from Kanchanaburi. A gas pipeline from Myanmar's Yadana gas field also passes through I-tong, and provides it with electricity. The other three villages are accessible only by boat across the Vajiralongkorn Dam reservoir, and rely on solar energy.
Places.
Pilok has various places of interest, many of which are natural features within Thong Pha Phum National Park. The village of I-tong itself has become a tourist destination for its rustic atmosphere and the fog which regularly rolls in over the surrounding hills. In the village's vicinity, the site of the abandoned Pilok Mine, with its old buildings and machinery, is open to the public, and the Buddhist temple Wat Mueang Pilok () sits on a hill overlooking the village. Another hill, Noen Sao Thong (, "flagpole hill") lies on the border itself, and also features a viewpoint under the twin poles which fly the flags of Thailand and Myanmar side by side. There is a border crossing nearby, but it is not open to the public.
South of Ban I-tong, the hill of Noen Chang Suek (, "war elephant hill", above sea level) provides views over the village as well as the surrounding area, and on clear days the Andaman Sea, away on the Myanmar side, is reportedly visible. The viewpoint is within the Chang Suek Operations Base of the Border Patrol Police, but is open to visitors and also features a popular campsite.
Within the national park, the -high Khao Chang Phueak is the highest point in the area, and the seasonal hike across its narrow ridge is a popular activity. Chokkradin Waterfall is nearby.
Also surrounded by the national park is the Somsak Mining Forest Glade, a guesthouse set in the grounds of a former mine. It is owned and operated by Glennis Setabundhu or Auntie Glen, an Australian who moved with her Thai husband Somsak to the country in the 1960s. Following the mine's closure, and her husband's death in 1994, Glennis reopened the mine as a guesthouse in order to keep the place alive and support the mine's former workers. Known for its remote location in the middle of the forest, access to the Forest Glade requires a -drive via all-terrain vehicle. The nearby Chet Mit Waterfall (, "seven friends waterfall") is within the mine's concession area.
Across the Vajiralongkorn Dam reservoir, Phra That Bo-ong (in Ban Bo-ong) is a centuries-old stupa built on top of a rocky outcrop in the middle of a lake. It is regarded as sacred by the Buddhist Karens who form the local population.


Auchinleck

Auchinleck ( ; ; ) is a village southeast of Mauchline, and northwest of Cumnock in East Ayrshire, Scotland.
Surrounding the village is Auchinleck Estate, centred on Auchinleck House, past home of the lawyer, diarist and biographer James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck.
History.
Auchinleck is in the heart of the ancient Kyle district of Scotland. The place-name means "field of (flat) stones" in Scottish Gaelic, from ' ('field') and ' ('slab'). The small locality of Auchincloich has a comparable meaning.
Although record of a community exists from as early as 1239, reliable records can really only be said to date from the arrival of the Boswell family in 1504. The barony of Auchinleck had been forfeited to the crown and was granted by King James IV to his "good and faithful servant" Thomas Boswell.
The Boswells proved to be assiduous in their estate husbandry, and by the early 1700s a viable village community and a thriving estate had begun to emerge from the surrounding barren moorland. The New Statistical Account of 1837 documents early mining and quarrying in the area which was to become the impetus for the region to boom. By 1881 the parish population had blossomed and was 6,681, four times what it had been in 1831
Nationalisation of coal in 1947 brought investment and with the building of the Barony Power Station, which was commissioned in 1957, the future of the region seemed assured. However, within 30 years the fortunes of the area, so tied to coal, followed the spectacular demise of deep pit mining. Lacking an economic source of fuel as mines closed, the power station shut down in 1989, High House pits closed in 1983, and Auchinleck village subsided into post-industrial recession. However, with the recent acquisition and subsequent development of Dumfries House in the area by Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay, and with new building taking place in the area there are signs of 'green shoots'.
Sport.
The village is home to the junior football club Auchinleck Talbot, who play at the 4,000-capacity Beechwood Park. The club, one of the most successful in Scotland at that level, share a fierce rivalry with near neighbours Cumnock Juniors in the West of Scotland Super League Premier Division.
Education.
Auchinleck has two primary schools, namely Auchinleck Primary School and St Patrick's Primary School. The town's secondary school, Auchinleck Academy, closed in late 2020, with pupils moving to the new Robert Burns Academy. This is part of the Barony Campus in Cumnock which has incorporated a number of local schools and nurseries into one site.


John B. Prescott

John Barry Prescott AC FTSE (born Sydney, 22 October 1940) is a retired Australian businessman and corporate bureaucrat who was managing director and CEO of BHP from 1991 to 1998. Over his career, he has held numerous positions including chairman of Queensland Rail and ASC Pty Ltd, and director of Newmont Mining Corporation.
Education.
Prescott was educated at North Sydney Boys High School where in 1957 as a pupil he was appointed Deputy Librarian. He received a Bachelor of Commerce (Industrial Relations) from the University of New South Wales in 1961.
Career.
~1958–1998: BHP.
Prescott was an executive of BHP, having been with that company for over 40 years including as an executive director for 10 years and as managing director and chief executive officer from 1991 to 1998. Prescott's time as CEO of BHP coincided with a number of failed investments which lost the company almost $10 billion.'
2000–2009: Australian Submarine Corporation.
Chairman (2000 – 30 June 2009). Prescott served as chairman of Australian Submarine Corporation, later rebranded ASC Pty Ltd.
2006–2015: Queensland Rail / Aurizon.
From 2006 to 2010 Prescott was Chairman of the Government of Queensland owned Queensland Rail, that managed the state's passenger and freight railway network. During this time he oversaw the separation of the company into two separate entities: Queensland Rail that operated passenger services and QR National that operated freight services, becoming chairman of the latter. Under Prescott's chairmanship the latter was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as Aurizon raising $4.6bn in what was the largest initial public offering (IPO) in Australia that year. He was chairman of Aurizon from 2010 to 2015. Under Prescott's Chairmanship the company grew significantly. The Company's operating ratio improved from 91% in 2010 to 74% in 2015 and a turn around in safety saw the LTIFR reduced by 97% in this time. Aurizon's share price increased by 95% to $4.96, and under Prescott's stewardship, total shareholder returns increased by 117% from IPO to 30 June 2015.
Other corporate.
1998–?: Horizon Private Equity.
From 1998 Prescott was the executive chairman of Horizon Private Equity.
1999–2013: Normandy Mining / Newmont Mining.
Prescott served as a non-executive director of Normandy Mining from April 1999 to 2002. He served as an Independent Director of Newmont Mining Corporation from 2002 to 2013 after it purchased Normandy Mining.
Other.
Prescott has been a Global Counsellor of The Conference Board since 2001, a member of the Global Advisory Council since 2013, and a member of the Commonwealth Remuneration Tribunal since 2010. Other Directorships and consulting/advisory positions have included Conference Board USA, World Economic Forum, Booz Allen Hamilton, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co, Proudfoot Consulting and Asia Pacific Advisory Committee of New York Stock Exchange.
Honours and awards.
Prescott was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1996 and received the Centenary Medal in 2003.
Fellow of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, and the Australian Institute of Management.
He was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Monash University in 1994 and an Honorary Doctor of Science from the University of New South Wales awarded in 1995.
In 2016 Monash University inaugurated a series of public lectures in his name which focus on human resources, industrial relations and related areas. The University of NSW awards two scholarships named after Prescott – the John Prescott Scholarship in Human Resource Management and the John Prescott Outstanding Teaching Innovation Award.
He has also held the positions of director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, and member then director of the Business Council of Australia.


Idarado Mine

The Idarado Mine was a mining operation in the San Juan Mountains of Ouray County, Colorado near the now-ghost town of Guston, producing primarily lead, silver and zinc along with lesser amounts of gold and copper. The mine is within the Sneffels-Red Mountain-Telluride mining district. The remains of the operation are visible from the Million Dollar Highway, north of Red Mountain Pass, between Ouray and Silverton, Colorado. The tunnels of the Idarado extend some 5 miles (8 km) west under 13,000 foot (4,000 m) mountains to the Pandora Mill near Telluride, a trip of more than 60 miles (100 km) by highway.
The mine was a consolidation of several previously inactive mines interconnected via the Treasury Tunnel. The Treasury Tunnel was initially created in 1896 with the hope of connecting older mine workings to allow for drainage and exploiting ore deposits thought to exist between the mines of Red Mountain and Telluride. The tunnel operated for about 10 years with limited success. In 1939 several companies merged and secured the mining rights to many of the inactive mines on the west side of the Red Mountain Valley, utilizing the old Treasury Tunnel. Many of the interconnected mines had been some of the district's best producers before closing due to low metal prices and inability to pump the deep mines dry. The operation was named Idarado and in all, some 80 miles of underground workings were created or connected.
The Idarado produced large amounts of lead, silver and zinc, with lesser amounts of gold and copper. During World War II, the Idarado was a large supplier of critically needed lead and zinc. The mine operated in limited capacity until 1979, when production stopped. Eventually the concentration mill was removed and activity at the mine turned to reclamation.
During the 1980s, reclamation efforts took place at the mill-tailings ponds near the mine and farther north down the valley, near the old Ironton town site, where more mill tailings ponds had been created after all available space near the mine had been exhausted. The old tailings ponds can still be seen just off the highway, appearing now as flat, grassy meadows.


Tellnes mine

The Tellnes mine is one of the largest titanium mines in Europe. The mine is located about northeast of the Jøssingfjorden in Sokndal municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The mine has reserves amounting more than of ore grading 18% titanium. The deposit of titanium was discovered in 1954 and production at the mine began in October 1960. Each year there is about of ore and of rock waste removed from the open-pit mine. This resulted in about of ilmenite concentrate from the mine in 1999.


Dennis Skinner

Dennis Edward Skinner (born 11 February 1932) is a British former politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolsover from 1970 to 2019. He is a member of the Labour Party.
Known for his left-wing views and acerbic wit, he belonged to the Socialist Campaign Group of Labour MPs. He was a member of Labour's National Executive Committee, with brief breaks, for thirty years, and was the chairman of the Committee in 1988–89. He was one of the longest serving members of the House of Commons and the longest continuously-serving Labour MP. He is a lifelong Eurosceptic.
Early life and career.
Born in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, Skinner is the third of nine children. His father Edward (Tony) Skinner was a coal miner who was sacked after the 1926 general strike, and his mother Lucy was a cleaner. In June 1942, at the age of 10, Skinner won a scholarship to attend Tupton Hall Grammar School after passing the eleven-plus a year early. In 1949, he went on to work as a coal miner at Parkhouse colliery, working there until its closure in 1962. He then worked at Glapwell colliery near Bolsover. In 1956 Skinner entered the Sheffield Star Walk, an amateur walking race, and finished second.
In 1964, at the age of 32, he became the youngest-ever president of the Derbyshire region of the National Union of Mineworkers. After working for 20 years as a miner, he became a member of Derbyshire County Council and a Clay Cross councillor in the 1960s. In 1967, he attended Ruskin College, after completing a course run by the National Union of Mineworkers at the University of Sheffield.
Parliamentary career.
In 1956, Skinner joined the Labour Party. He was chosen as Parliamentary Prospective candidate for Bolsover on 5 June 1969. Skinner was elected as MP for the then safe Labour seat of Bolsover at the 1970 general election and retained it until the 2019 general election.
Due to his aggressive rhetoric, Skinner became known as the "Beast of Bolsover". Skinner recalls that he earned the nickname for his behaviour in a tribute debate in the Commons following the death of former Conservative Prime Minister Anthony Eden in 1977: "They were making speeches about the wonder of Anthony Eden, so I got up and talked about miners and people seriously injured and dead in the pits and the £200 given to the widow. There was booing and then all the Tories left and the papers had a go, some serious ones".
During his tenure in the Commons, Skinner would usually sit on the first seat of the front bench below the gangway in the Commons (known as the 'Awkward Squad Bench' because it is where rebel Labour Party MPs have traditionally sat) in a tweed jacket (whilst most other MPs wear suits) and signature red tie. In 2016, he stated that he had never sent an email and did not have a Twitter account.
Skinner was a strong supporter of the National Union of Mineworkers and their leader Arthur Scargill in the 1984-85 miners' strike. Skinner refused to accept a parliamentary salary in excess of miners' wages, and during the miners' strike he donated his wages to the NUM.
Skinner has voted for equalisation of the age of consent, civil partnerships, adoption rights for same-sex couples, to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and for same-sex couples to marry, and has a strongly pro-choice stance on abortion. On 20 January 1989, he talked out a move to reduce the number of weeks at which an abortion can be legally performed in Britain by moving the writ for the Richmond by-election. On 7 June 1985, he talked out a bill by Enoch Powell which would have banned stem cell research by moving the writ for the by-election in Brecon and Radnor. Skinner later described this as his proudest political moment.
In 2000, Skinner denounced former ally Ken Livingstone, then serving as a Labour MP. Livingstone had failed to win the party's nomination to be a candidate for Mayor of London, and had then decided to run as an independent candidate instead, urging his supporters to help Green Party candidates get elected. Skinner said that Livingstone had betrayed Labour Party activists in his Brent East constituency, whom he described as having fought for him "like tigers" when his majority had been small: "He tells them he's going to be the Labour candidate, then he lies to them. To me that's as low as you can get". He contrasted Livingstone with the official Labour candidate, Frank Dobson, saying that Dobson was "a bloke and a half... not a prima donna ... not someone with an ego as big as a house". Skinner said Livingstone would "hit the headlines, but you'll never be able to trust him because he's broken his pledge and his loyalty to his party. The personality cult of the ego does not work down a coal mine and it does not work in the Labour Party".
Conversely, despite his left-wing views, Skinner for a long time had a positive relationship with Prime Minister Tony Blair, a leading figure on the right of the party, stemming from advice that Skinner gave Blair regarding public speaking. As late as February 2018, he described the Blair and Brown ministries as a "golden period" for the NHS. However, Skinner strongly criticised Blair in May 2019, after the former Prime Minister had advised pro-remain Labour supporters who felt that the party's line on Brexit was too ambiguous to vote for explicitly pro-remain parties in the 2019 European Parliament election; in the "Morning Star", Skinner described Blair as a "destructive force" who was "try(ing) to destroy the Labour Party so people keep talking about his reign" and stating that he "went into Iraq and destroyed himself. He helped David Cameron and Theresa May into power. You're talking about a man who made a mess of it."
In 2003, Skinner was among the quarter of Labour MPs who voted against the Iraq War; he later rebelled against the party line when he voted against government policy to allow terror suspects to be detained without trial for up to 90 days. In 2007, Skinner and 88 other Labour MPs voted against the Labour government's policy of renewing the Trident Nuclear Missile System.
Skinner supported David Miliband in the 2010 Labour leadership election, which was won by his brother Ed Miliband. In March 2011, he was one of 15 MPs who voted against British participation in NATO's Libya intervention.
Skinner was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. Shortly after Corbyn was elected as leader, Skinner was elected to Labour's National Executive Committee, on which he remained until October 2016. Skinner supported Corbyn, alongside the majority of Labour MPs, in voting against the extension of RAF airstrikes against ISIS in Syria in December 2015. Skinner voted for Britain to leave the European Union in June 2016 and favours outright abolition of the House of Lords.
Following the retirement of Peter Tapsell in 2015, Skinner was one of the four longest-serving MPs, but did not become Father of the House, as two other MPs, who were also first elected in 1970, had been sworn in earlier on the same day and consecutively both held that position: Gerald Kaufman (2010-2017) and Kenneth Clarke (2017-2019). Skinner, the oldest sitting MP since 2017, stated that in any case he would not accept the honorific title. In 2019, with Clarke's impending retirement, the issue of Skinner becoming Father of the House resurfaced but was rendered moot, when Skinner lost his seat in the 2019 election.
Suspensions.
Skinner was suspended from Parliament on at least ten occasions, usually for unparliamentary language when attacking opponents. Notable infractions included:
Queen's Speech quips.
Known for his republican sentiments, Skinner regularly heckled during the annual Queen's Speech ceremony. He did this upon the arrival of Black Rod (the symbol of royal authority in the House of Lords) to summon MPs to hear the Queen's speech in the Lords' chamber. The best known, according to the "New Statesman" and other sources, are listed as follows:
"Nature of the Beast" documentary.
A documentary about Dennis Skinner sanctioned by him, "Nature of the Beast", was completed in 2017 by production company Shut Out The Light. The documentary traces Skinner's rise to political icon status and covers his working-class upbringing, his family influences and his hobbies away from "The Palace of Varieties". Skinner's four surviving brothers and several of his Bolsover constituents were interviewed for the documentary.
After parliament.
In 2020, Skinner endorsed Richard Burgon for Deputy Leader of the Labour Party.
On 6 May 2020, he was named honorary president of the Socialist Campaign Group.
In September 2020 Robb Johnson's song about Skinner, "Tony Skinner's Lad", topped the Amazon download chart.
Personal life.
In 1960, Skinner married Mary Parker. The couple have three children, all of whom attended his old school and graduated from the University of Manchester. He and his wife separated in 1989. His current partner is former researcher Lois Blasenheim.
In 1999 Skinner was diagnosed with advanced bladder cancer and subsequently had surgery to remove a malignant tumour. In 2003 he recovered from a double heart bypass operation. He underwent hip surgery in 2019. He was too ill to campaign in the 2019 General Election after he was hospitalised with a dangerous infection following the hip operation. He was not present at the count when he lost his seat.
Skinner's mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease prior to her death in the 1980s. Skinner sang to his late mother when she was diagnosed with the disease and was inspired by her ability to recall old songs. Since 2008 he has visited care homes in Derbyshire to sing to elderly patients with dementia.
Skinner is a supporter of Derby County Football Club and Derbyshire County Cricket Club.


Kuokkel mining field

Kuokkel mining field (Swedish:Kuokelgruvan) is an abandoned open pit mine in the vicinity of Kopparåsen railway station on the Iron Ore Line in Kiruna municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden. The mine field was once used to mine Chalcocite (Cu2S), Bornite (Cu5FeS4), and Sphalerite ((Zn, Fe)S).
History.
On the information plate found on the path to the mine field, the following information is given:
The above-mentioned accident has hit the brothers named "Jansson" in one of the mines which seems to have led to their death.


Shalozersky chromium mine

The Shalozersky mine is a large mine in the north-west of Russia in Republic of Karelia. Shalozersky represents one of the largest chromium reserve in Russia having estimated reserves of 206.1 million tonnes of ore grading 15.4% chromium. The 206.1 million tonnes of ore contains 31.7 million tonnes of chromium metal.


Elegest coal mine

The Elegest Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Tuva. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 855.2 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 7 million tonnes of coal.


2009 Shanxi mine blast

The Shanxi mine blast () was a pre-dawn explosion that occurred in a mine in Gujiao city near Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi province of China on 21 February 2009. Four hundred and thirty six were in the mine at the time of the explosion. According to the state-run Xinhua News Agency, rescue efforts concluded at 6 p.m. (CST), February 22 with all trapped miners located; the death toll was 74, with 114 in the hospital and five in critical condition. Many of the injured are being treated for carbon monoxide poisoning. The death toll indicates that this is the most lethal accident reported in China's mining industry since December 2007, when 105 people died in a mine explosion—that accident also took place in Shanxi.
Accident details.
The pre-dawn explosion occurred at 2:17 a.m. (CST) as 436 workers were in the Tunlan Coal Mine in Gujiao city. Xinhua News Agency reported that over four hundred men were working when the explosion occurred but that most escaped unhindered and unhurt. One hundred rescuers worked at the scene in Gujiao city as dozens of miners remained trapped. China Central TV (CCTV) broadcast footage of rescuers in orange suits and red helmets with headlamps entering an elevator where they were lowered into the mine shaft as injured miners were taken into ambulances. A fire in the shaft was said to be blocking the progress of the rescuers. There were also reports of trapped miners using mobile phones to call relatives to discuss their plight.
A two-minute silence is planned in recognition of the dead on the 25th of February.
Shanxi Coking.
The involved mine is owned by Xishan Coal Electricity Group of Shanxi Coking Coal Group, one of China's largest producers of coking coal, a material used in the production of steel. The company operates twenty-eight mines. No accidents were reported at the Tunlan mine in the previous decade before this incident, and it consequently was considered a safe mine at which to work. The mine produces five million tons of coking coal per year.
Mining in China.
China has the world's deadliest mining industry, with the deaths of 3,200 people reported in 2008. This represents a 15% decline from the previous year. Government figures show that nearly 80% of China's 16,000 mines are small-scale, illegal operations.


King Woolsey

King S. Woolsey (ca. 1832 - June 30, 1879) was an American pioneer rancher, prospector and politician in 19th century Arizona. Woolsey Peak and other features of Arizona geography have been named after him, but he has also been criticized by historians for brutality in his battles with Apache Native Americans.
Biography.
Woolsey, born in Alabama, moved to Arizona from California in 1860, first at Yuma, Arizona and Fort Yuma, where he sold supplies to the U.S. Army. In 1862, Woolsey and a partner bought the Agua Caliente ranch, near the Gila River in what is now western Maricopa County, Arizona. They dug irrigation ditches from the river and planted crops. Woolsey operated Arizona's first flour mill at Agua Caliente, and brought the first threshing machine into the territory. Woolsey Peak in the Gila Bend Mountains - a prominent landmark near his ranch - and the Woolsey Peak Wilderness Area, were both later named to honor him.
American Civil War service.
In 1863, Woolsey joined the Walker Party to explore the Hassayampa River for gold. Soon after, he homesteaded and established the Agua Fria ranch, near present-day Dewey, Arizona. Woolsey is most famous (or notorious) for his forays against the native Indians in central Arizona. During the American Civil War, after 1863, practically all troops were withdrawn from Arizona, and Indian attacks on white settlers and their property increased.
In 1864, after a series of livestock thefts, Woolsey led a group of settlers to the vicinity of present-day Miami, Arizona, where they encountered a large party of Tonto Apaches. In the ensuing Battle of Bloody Tanks, the settlers killed (and later scalped) at least 24 Indians, with the loss of one settler. It appears that the settlers opened fire first, during a parley. After this fight, Woolsey was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Arizona territorial militia by Governor John N. Goodwin.
Later in 1864, Woolsey and several other men were working their mining claims in the Bradshaw Mountains. They were apparently confronted by a large party of Indians, probably Yavapais. Woolsey called for a parley, after first hiding a sack of pinole poisoned with strychnine nearby. As he had hoped, the Indians found the poisoned meal and ate it while he talked to their chiefs. As the poison took effect, and the others fled, his men opened fire on them. This encounter was later called the Pinole Massacre.
The first Territorial Legislature voted a commendation to King Woolsey and his volunteers for, inter alia, "taking the lives of numbers of Apaches, and destroying the property and crops in their country." In 1864 Woolsey was elected to the first Legislature of the Territory of Arizona, and was re-elected to several subsequent legislatures.
After the war.
The creation of the Democratic Party in Arizona Territory was largely due to Woolsey's efforts. Since its creation by a Republican-dominated Congress in 1863, the Republicans had controlled Arizona politics. Woolsey called a meeting of like-minded Democrats in February 1873 in Tucson. Presiding at the meeting, he introduced a series of resolutions which led to organization of the Democratic Party in the Arizona Territory. He was the Democratic candidate for Territorial Delegate to the U.S. Congress in the 1878 election, but was defeated.
Woolsey died of a heart attack at his Agua Fria ranch in 1879. He was 47 years old. He is buried in Pioneer and Military Memorial Park in Phoenix.
Family.
Woolsey took a Yaqui woman named Lucy Martinez as a mistress, and they had a daughter named Conception. Woolsey also had a biological daughter, Clara Woolsey, who Woolsey did not recognize as legitimately his. Clara had two children, Julio and Clara.
References.
Kate Ruland-Thorne, 2007, "Gold, Greed and Glory: the Territorial history of Prescott and the Verde Valley, 1864-1912." Baltimore, Publish America, .
Thomas Edwin Farish, 1915–1918, "History of Arizona", available online at http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/swetc/


Smith McKay

Smith McKay (1817 – December 8, 1889) was a prospector, merchant and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented Twillingate-Fogo in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1869 to 1874 and from 1882 to 1889.
He was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia and came to Newfoundland in 1844, becoming a partner in a fishery supply and export business. McKay also was captain of a sealing ship and commanded a schooner which brought back oil from humpback whales. He was a partner in the Union Copper Mine, the first significant mining operation in the colony, with Charles James Fox Bennett. McKay was manager for the mine and also was involved in other mining ventures. In 1869, he married Susan Lock. He served as chairman of the Board of Works from 1883 to 1889. McKay died in office in St. John's in 1889.


Ma On Shan Iron Mine

The Ma On Shan Iron Mine () is a mine in the hills of Ma On Shan, Sha Tin District, Hong Kong, that was operated from 1906 to 1976. The nearby Ma On Shan Village accommodated the miners and their families.
History.
The Ma On Shan Iron Mine opened in 1906 as an opencast site run by the Hong Kong Iron Mining Co. Ltd., which was owned by Sir Paul Chater. In 1949, the mine was taken over by the Mutual Mining and Trade Company, which extended it underground in 1953. By 1959, mining had moved entirely underground. The mine ceased operation in 1976. The workforce of 400 was laid off. The government mining lease ended in 1981 and the mine closed subsequently.
Mine operators.
Historical operators of the mine:
Present and future.
It has been suggested that the Ma On Shan Iron Mine could be repurposed as a storage location for compressed-air energy storage (CAES).
Several sets of structures of the Ma On Shan Iron Mine were listed as historic monuments in April 2016: Exterior walls of 240 ML and 110 ML of Ma On Shan Iron Mine (Grade 2), Mineral Preparation Plant of Ma On Shan Iron Mine (Grade 3), Site Structures at Mining Settlement of Ma On Shan Iron Mine (Grade 3).


Stari Trg mine

The Stari Trg mine (Serbian: Рудник Стари Трг, "Rudnik Stari Trg") is one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Kosovo. The mine is located in Leposavić. The mine has reserves amounting to 0.432 million tonnes of ore grading 5.1% lead, 2.21% zinc and 80.5gr/t silver thus resulting 22,000 tonnes of lead, 9,600 tonnes of zinc and 35 tonnes of silver. The 1989 Kosovo miners' strike took place and ended in the mine, and spread to the entire Kosovo as a general strike. In order to stop the strike, turning into an open unrest, the Yugoslav government decided to impose martial law in the region.


Pantukan

', officially the ' (; ), is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people.
History.
In 1914, Governor General Charles Yeater declared Pantukan as a municipal district. Sangui, a Mansaka, was appointed president. A year after, he was replaced by Bancas Mansaka. On November 13, 1936, President Manuel L. Quezon declared it a regular municipality, therefore becoming the oldest local government unit in ComVal province. Teodoro Fuentes was appointed its first Alkalde. Juan Caballero Sr. was its first elected Mayor. From then up to the present, the elected mayors were: Graciano Arafol (1952-1959), Diosdado Basanez (1960-1963), Celso Sarenas (1964-) with Juan Caballero, Jr. as OIC (1986-1987), Jovito Derla (1988-1992), Juan Caballero, Jr. (1992-1995), Jovita Derla (1995-2004), Tok Sarenas (2004-2013), and Roberto Yugo (2013–present).
Geography.
Barangays.
Pantukan is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.
Demographics.
In the , the population of Pantukan, Davao de Oro, was people, with a density of .
Economy.
The municipality is primarily dependent on mining but agriculture thrives in communities within its boundary. While small scale mining operates in the town, a large mining operator has been granted permit to explore gold in the area. Gold deposits in Barangay Kingking alone is estimated to be at 10.3 million ounces with copper deposits of 5.4 billion pounds. Nationwide Development Corporation (Nadecor) holds the Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA) for the Kingking mine site.


Oasis at Death Valley

The Oasis at Death Valley, formerly called Furnace Creek Inn and Ranch Resort, is a luxury resort in Furnace Creek, on private land within the boundaries of California's Death Valley National Park. It is owned and operated by Xanterra Parks and Resorts.
The Inn at Death Valley is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
The Inn at Death Valley.
The Inn at Death Valley, formerly called "The Furnace Creek Inn", was originally constructed by the Pacific Coast Borax Company and opened on February 1, 1927, with twelve rooms. Richard C. Baker – then president of Pacific Coast Borax – sought to open Death Valley to tourism in an effort to increase revenue on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad originally built by Francis Marion Smith for shipping borax, but in need of new sources of revenue. 20 additional rooms, as well as a swimming pool and tennis courts were added in the 1930s. The Fred Harvey Company operated the facilities for decades. The Inn now has 66 rooms, located on the hillside, and is open from October through May.
The Ranch at Death Valley.
The Ranch at Death Valley, formerly called "The Furnace Creek Ranch" (), is a separate lodging facility from the Inn. It is on the valley floor next to the Park's Visitor Center.
The ranch is known for being the location of the highest temperature recorded on Earth at 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) on July 10, 1913.
Borax Museum.
The Borax Museum is located at The Ranch at Death Valley. The museum features borax mining tools and equipment of the Pacific Coast Borax Company, models of twenty-mule team wagon trains, pioneer artifacts and mineral specimens.


Jadar mine

The Jadar mining project is a proposed mining site. The deposit is one of the largest lithium deposits in the world and also contains boron. It is planned that both lithium and boron will be recovered from the ore. The deposit contains the mineral jadarite, the only occurrence of this mineral in the world. The mine is located in western Serbia in Mačva District. The Jadar mine has reserves amounting to 118 million tonnes of ore grading 1.8% lithium oxide The deposit was discovered in 2004 and in 2017 the Rio Tinto Group planned to start mining operations in 2023.


Nanshan Colliery disaster

The Nanshan Colliery disaster is a fatal gas explosion that occurred on November 13, 2006 at the Nanshan Colliery in Lingshi County, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China. Twenty-four people were killed. The mine was operating without any safety licence as its original had expired. While no official cause has emerged, the news agency Xinhua claims the explosion was triggered by incorrect usage of explosives.


Dakota Coal Company

The Dakota Coal Company, subsidiary of Basin Electric Power Cooperative, is based in Bismarck, North Dakota. It controls the rights to lignite reserves in North Dakota and provides financing for the Freedom Mine north of Beulah, ND. Dakota Coal Company is also responsible for marketing Freedom Mine lignite production. Dakota Coal and The Coteau Properties Co. work closely with their customers to ensure lignite quality doesn't hamper daily plant operations.
Mining History Leading to Dakota Coal Co..
Settlement mainly started when Easterners launched the transcontinental Northern Pacific Railway in 1871. While military and experimental expeditions traveled throughout the northern part of the Dakota Territory, they discovered oil near the top of the land. The mineral source of coal was such an important discovery in the Dakota region because they lacked any forests to provide fuel from lumber needed for survival. The more pioneers that arrived the faster coal was used for energy, and quickly became North Dakota’s first major industry.
Customers.
Customers for Dakota Coal Company include Basin Electric’s Antelope Valley Station, the Leland Olds Station, and Dakota Gasification Company's Great Plains Synfuels Plant. Dakota Coal also has a division, Wyoming Lime Producers, and a subsidiary, Montana Limestone Company.
Projects.
North Dakota Coal has two separate projects which are headed by two separate companies (North American Coal Corp & South Heart Coal LLC) which are both under fire from environmental groups. Each of these companies have been using the state's money (totaling in 8 million dollars) to advance each of their respective projects, and the deadline to their state contracts are both ending at the conclusion of this year. "They are dead in the water," said Wayde Schafer of the Sierra Club. "No progress has been made on either of them and nothing to show for the money they've spent." A spokesman for North American Coal Corp stated that "We still believe the project is an important part of the nation's energy solution," spokesman David Straley said. South Heart Coal LLC has yet to make a statement about their case.
Legislative and Legal Contributors.
The United States of America vs. Basin Electric Power Cooperative:
After being investigated for two years, in 1997, the United States took action. Filed in the U.S. District Court in Bismarck, the complaint accused the Basin Cooperative of overcharging the United States government millions of dollars. Allegedly the Department of Western Area Power Administration falsely overpaid $23.8 million dollars. Basin also fraudulently used a 10-year amortization period plan for interest when they normally used a 20-year plan. This directly caused a disparate fee. Dakota Coal Company (subsidiary of Basin) was used to falsely charge financially gained margins not prohibited under contract. The government is allotted from $5,000-$10,000 per violation under the False Claims Act.
North Dakota vs. Minnesota:
In 2007, Minnesota signed the Next Generation Energy Act, which not only barred Minnesota from building more coal power plants but from entering into contract or purchasing coal-made electricity sources. While the Act was intended to reduce Minnesota’s carbon-dioxide emissions it was in violation of the Constitution’s interstate commerce clause. It limited North Dakota companies (including the Dakota Coal Company) the ability to sell; which is a regulation only Congress has authority over. North Dakota filed the lawsuit November 2011 and was unanimously favored by the federal judge but later appealed by Minnesota. For a final standing in June 2016 a panel of judges of the 8th U.S. Circuit Appeals ruled against Minnesota.
North Dakota vs. the U.S. Department of Interior:
North Dakota filed against the U.S. Department of Interior Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) in 2016 due to the new Stream Protection Rule, which violates federal law and the United States Constitution. It oversteps on North Dakota’s regulation services of surface mining and reclamation within the state. North Dakota Public Service Commissioner Randy Christmann commented, “In the most recent evaluation of our program, the OSM said that North Dakota has an effective program with no issues in need of corrective action. But with this rule, the Obama administration would infringe on our authority and effectively stop much of the coal mining in North Dakota.”
Coal Land Reclamation.
Clean Air Act: Passed in 1963, to offer federal aid, involvement in interstate pollution topics, and create state agencies but later amendments proved more important.
Clean Power Plan: Introduced in 2015 under the Obama Administration, this plan was formed to majorly reduce the carbon-dioxide emissions to fight against the waging war on climate change. To reach the plans goal in 2030, power plants emissions will be reduced nationwide by a whopping 32%. Provided by the EPA North Dakota, specifically, will have to reduce its carbon emissions by 44.9%.


List of mines in Mongolia

This list of mines in Mongolia is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list.


Kansanshi mine

Kansanshi mine is a large copper and gold mine located in Solwezi in the North-Western Province of Zambia.the mine is approximately 14 kilometers north the town of solwezi. Kansanshi is one of the largest copper reserves in Zambia, with estimated reserves of 727 million tonnes of ore graded at 0.86% copper.


Metallica Resources

Metallica Resources Inc. was a Canadian-based mineral and gold mining company.
Metallica Resources was a publicly held Canadian mineral exploration and development company with a geographic focus in the Americas. The company had an ownership interest in a gold project at Cerro de San Pedro Mexico. This project generated legal challenges and concerted opposition by local citizens and organizations across Mexico and North America. The concerns were that the open-pit cyanide leach-pit process used by the project would produce irreparable harm to the environment and historical patrimony of this region in Mexico. Over the years, Mexican courts suspended or revoked various permits for Metallica's Cerro de San Pedro project. There were fourteen cases before the Mexican courts awaiting resolution. The Cerro de San Pedro case was also reviewed by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC). In addition, the company had a significant copper-gold project in Chile. Metallica's corporate goal was to build shareholder value through growth of its existing assets and pursuit of quality investment opportunities.
The company was acquired by New Gold Inc., and delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange effective July 4, 2008.


Damiao mine

The Damiao mine is one of the largest vanadium mines in China. The mine is located in Inner Mongolia. The mine has reserves amounting to 33.3 million tonnes of ore grading 0.39% vanadium.