Sarah Hegazi

Sarah Hegazi (; 1989 – 14 June 2020), also spelled Hegazy or Higazy, was an Egyptian socialist, writer, and lesbian activist. She was arrested, imprisoned and tortured in prison in Egypt for three months after flying a rainbow flag at a Mashrou' Leila concert in 2017 in Cairo. Hegazi lived with PTSD resulting from the prison torture she had experienced in Egypt. She was granted asylum in Canada, living there until her death.
Early life and education.
Hegazi was born in 1989 to an Egyptian conservative middle-class family; she is the eldest of four siblings. She helped her mother take care of her siblings after her father, a high school science teacher, died. Pictures of a young Hegazi in conservative Islamic garb including a hijab surfaced after her death. Hegazi wore the hijab until she came out as lesbian in 2016.
In 2010, Hegazi graduated from Thebas Academy with a bachelor's degree in Information Systems, and the American University in Cairo Continuing Education Center in 2016. Through distance learning, Hegazi completed certificates in "Fighting for Equality: 1950–2018", "Feminism and Social Justice", "Research Methods", "Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace", and "Understanding Violence" at Columbia University, University of California Santa Cruz, SOAS University of London, the University of Pittsburgh, and Emory University.
Political views.
Hegazi identified as a communist and supported the Bread and Freedom Party while living in Egypt, and became involved with the Spring Socialist Network once in Canada. Hegazi reported being fired from her job for opposing the Sisi regime in Egypt. Nine years after the Egyptian revolution of 2011, Hegazi wrote that "the old regime will try anything, even sacrificing important icons of their regime, in order to stay in power or regain power", describing President el-Sisi as "the most oppressive and violent dictator in our modern history" and writing that "revolutionaries believe the battle is one of class". Hegazi wrote that in consequence of the revolution being left incomplete "most of us are now in the grave, in prison or in exile."
Persecution in Egypt.
Arrest and asylum.
On 22 September 2017, Sarah Hegazi attended a concert for the Lebanese band Mashrou' Leila whose lead singer, Hamed Sinno, is openly gay. Hegazi was among a group of others who were arrested for waving a rainbow flag in support of LGBT rights. She was charged with joining an organization in contravention of the law for the purpose inciting to acts of immorality or debauchery. Her arrest coincided with Egypt's zero-tolerance crackdown response to end public support for LGBT rights in the country. She was jailed for three months at Sayeda Zeinab police station where male agents incited inmates to beat, and to verbally and sexually assault her. In an article published by Mada Masr on September 24, 2018, Hegazi recounted her arrest. She wrote that she was arrested at home in front of her family, and that during the process the officer questioned her about her religion, why she removed her hijab, and whether she was a virgin or not. According to her account, the officer blindfolded her and took her by car to a location she did not know. She sat in a chair gagged with a cloth with her hands cuffed. She was subject to electric shock and she lost consciousness. She was also threatened that her mother would be harmed if she told anyone. Hegazi was released on 2 January 2018 and was fined E£1,000 ($56); after her release she struggled with depression, panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorder. The media compared the arrest of Hegazi with the arrest of the Cairo 52. Fearing further prosecution, Hegazi sought asylum in Canada in 2018. Hegazi lost her mother to cancer one month after leaving Egypt.
Legal and political context.
In Egypt, where homosexuality is not outlawed explicitly in jurisprudence, detention and charges are made on the basis of the 1961 "Law on Combating Prostitution" that sanctions debauchery and sex work. In October 2017, in the aftermath of the Mashrou' Leila's 2017 Cairo concert, a number of Egyptian members of the parliament submitted a law that sanctions homosexual acts with up to three years of prison. If convicted again, the convicts would face the possibility of being sentenced to imprisonment for five years. The law update was used to crack down on Egyptian LGBT individuals even though the updated law made no allusion to homosexuality. The update authorized the police to infiltrate chat rooms and dating apps, to pretend to be gay men and women and ensnare members of the LGBT community. According to the Egyptian government, the law was updated to address modern developments and to stop the internet and social media users from encouraging vice and the practice of prostitution. The LGBTQ+ community is posited as a national security threat by the Egyptian government, religious authorities, and political parties; this view is promoted by state-controlled media outlets.
Death and legacy.
Hegazi died on 14 June 2020 in Toronto, Canada. On 15 June 2020 Hegazi's lawyer Khaled Al-Masry confirmed her death as suicide. A short letter written by Hegazi, in Arabic, circulated on social media following her death. The letter read: "To my siblings – I tried to survive and I failed, forgive me. To my friends – the experience was harsh and I am too weak to resist it, forgive me. To the world – you were cruel to a great extent, but I forgive." Her death was reported across a range of international news outlets, with tributes to her activism a recurring theme. Hamed Sinno, the frontman of the Lebanese band Mashrou' Leila shared a tribute on his Facebook profile to Hegazi which read "", or "Freedom for your soul". Sinno later composed and performed a song based on the words written by Hegazi shortly before her death. Visual art memorializing Hegazi has circulated widely since her death. Other Arab and middle eastern artists and public figures shared messages of sympathy and solidarity with Hegazi and the LGBT community among which Egyptian actor Amr Waked, Lebanese singer and stage actress Carole Samaha, Iranian painter and LGBT activist Alireza Shojaian, and Jordanian lawyer and journalist Ola Al-Fares.
The Canadian socialist magazine "Spring" published an obituary to Hegazi with Valerie Lannon writing: "I remember her saying 'I never felt so alive as during the revolution.' In her honour, and to fulfil our own sense of life, it is our duty to continue fighting for the revolution here, Egypt and around the world." During the 2020 Pride Month, the Arab LGBT community held vigils in the United States, Canada, London, Amsterdam, Berlin and Beirut to commemorate Hegazi's life and struggle against homophobia; these came together with memorial vigils and events across the world. In Malta, the Allied Rainbow Communities and Moviment Graffitti commemorated Hegazi's death through a demonstration at the Egyptian Embassy and criticized the Maltese Government's designation of Egypt as a safe country to which refugees could be returned. Prominent Egyptian LGBT activist Shrouk El-Attar started a fundraiser for the benefit of Sarah's family and LGBT organizations.
Hegazi was laid to rest in a rainbow coloured casket following a public funeral at St. John’s Dixie Cemetery on 22 June 2020.
Commemorative events continued after Hegazi's funeral. The organizers of Global Pride, an online LGBT Pride event scheduled to take place on 27 June 2020, announced that fellow Egyptian militant Ahmed Alaa will pay tribute to Hegazi. Like Hegazi, Alaa was jailed after Mashrou' Leila's concet in 2017 for raising the gay pride flag. The 2020 version of the Napoli Pride event was dedicated to the memory Sarah Hegazi; the organizers announced that they intended the event to be a warning against compulsion, violence and close-mindedness.
The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) named Sarah Hegazy in their tribute to "450 feminist activists who have changed our world".
Reactions.
There is a long history of LGBT people being erased and oppressed both specifically in Egypt and in the broader context of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This occurs through censorship, hate-speech, and government coordinated persecution. Sarah Hegazi's death has been met with homophobic responses in the MENA region whether through government actions, media coverage, or public discourse, An article on Raseef22 which discussed the LGBT+ community in Jordan and the Sarah Hegazi mural in Amman was quickly deleted after the Jordanian journalist received a flood of threats online.
Jordan.
Street murals and graffiti art commemorating Hegazi in the Jordanian capital Amman were speedily painted over after a social media uproar. A journalist decried the act in a tweet saying: "...the Amman Municipality worked until the late night hours on obliterating drawings by some aberrants (, an Arabic pejorative for homosexuals) in some areas of Amman. I am surprised that this category (homosexuals) exists even though it is foreign to our customs and traditions..." A spokesperson for the Greater Amman Municipality said: "Amman Mayor Yusef Al-Shawarbeh issued an order to all district managers to remove the murals."
Egypt.
Egypt's Bedayaa LGBT Organisation reported that the death of Hegazi and the ensuing media attention prompted an online homophobic and transphobic smear campaign against her and the LGBT community. Noor Selim, a transgender Egyptian man and the son of renowned actor Hesham Selim, blasted what he called societal hypocrisy and defended Hegazi's memory.On 23 June 2020, two Egyptian lawyers filed a lawsuit against Selim for defending Hegazi, and accused him of trying to "spread homosexuality" in Egypt.
Morocco.
Cheikh Rafiki, a Moroccan Muslim cleric, received death threats when he defended the memory of Hegazi from an online ISIL-related individual.
Arabic Wikipedia.
On Arabic Wikipedia Hegazi's Wikipedia page was deleted, even though it exists in eight languages on Wikipedia, and instead it was merged as one of the sections in the "Homosexuality" page. An Arabic Wikipedia community member explained their decision by claiming the "lack of sufficient notability of Hegazi". Their decision angered activists, who accused the website of "bias", and it opened the door for discussions about the editing standards on Arabic Wikipedia and about the freedom of expression on the platform which is "open to everyone".


The Pact (novel)

The Pact (1998) is the fifth novel by the American author Jodi Picoult about a possible suicide pact between two teenage lovers, and the journey that one must take after losing a loved one.
Structure.
"The Pact" does not have traditional numbered chapters. The novel alternates between a series of present-day occurrences, labelled as "Now", and past events, labelled as "Then", which provides context to the relationships of the characters and the story line. Each segment of the novel contains a different character's perspective, while being narrated in the third person. The interplay between past and present throughout the story leads to a climactic revelation that provides an answer to the "who done it" mystery.
Plot.
In the fall of 1979, the Golds, consisting of a recently pregnant Melanie Gold and her husband Michael Gold, moved into the small town of Bainbridge, New Hampshire. They moved in next door to the Hartes, another coincidentally pregnant couple, and through their shared interests, the women, Gus Harte and Melanie Gold, began to forge a lasting friendship. Their husbands, James Harte and Michael Gold would follow suit and the families would soon raise their firstborns together.
From the moment they were delivered from the womb it seemed that Emily Gold and Chris Harte were destined to be together, and their parents certainly hoped that to be the case. By the time Chris and Emily were teenagers it was easy for them to develop feelings for each other and before they knew it they were dating. Everything seemed perfect, until a 3 a.m. telephone call to both family homes sent them running to the hospital. Chris and Emily had been found at the carousel where Chris worked, he was unconscious with an open head wound, and she had a gun shot to the head from a gun Chris' father owned. Emily was later pronounced dead in the emergency room
When a detective comes looking for Chris to answer questions about Emily's death, he learns that he is the main suspect in her death, which is being investigated as a homicide. However, Chris claims that he and Emily made a suicide pact, and he had fallen unconscious before he had the chance to end his own life as well. When a grieving Melanie caught wind of this, she is relieved to have the finger turned away from herself after struggling to believe she had not seen Emily's suicidal tendencies. Melanie focused all her anger at her daughter's premature death on making sure that her murderer (i.e. Chris) paid for his crime. Meanwhile, her husband, Michael, did not believe that Chris could have done such a thing after seeing the way he treated her with such care while they were friends and subsequently in a relationship together. Michael considers the possibility that his daughter may have kept more from him than he had thought. With mounting evidence against him, and an autopsy report that revealed that Emily had been several weeks pregnant at the time of her death, the state of New Hampshire had enough evidence to arrest Chris. He was soon after charged with first-degree murder. During this time, Chris met his lawyer, Jordan McAfee, who would deny him of revealing the truth about the night of Emily's death because to McAfee the only truth that mattered was the one that was most likely to help his client. Due to the severity of the charge, Chris is placed to jail without bail until the trail, which would be several months away.
When Melanie Gold comes across a hidden diary belonging to Emily that contains proof that Chris had not known about the baby because she had not told him, she destroys the book in a fire. Meanwhile, Michael Gold agrees to take the stand as a witness for the defense after his convictions would not allow him to believe that Chris was guilty. During the trial, it is revealed that Emily had been molested as a young girl and kept it to herself for the remainder of her life. Emily also feared that her pregnancy at such a young age would ruin her reputation and her ability to meet the expectations that she had set for herself in her youth. Emily secretly attempted to get an abortion, but she backed out at the last minute when a male doctor inadvertently gave her a flashback to her assault as a child. Feeling like she has no way out from her situation and from the self-deprecating thoughts in her head she begins to contemplate suicide as her only option.
Chris' trial begins and it appears as though McAfee could give his client a fighting chance with the jury. It is up to Chris' last witness, Gus Harte, his mother, to speak for her son's behalf, but she cannot find it in herself to remain composed after her visit with Chris the previous night, when he angrily told her that he had in fact shot Emily. In a last minute decision Chris requests his mother's removal as a defense witness, and instead wishes to testify on his own behalf. Much to his lawyer's dismay Chris takes the stand and tells the truth about what happened the night of Emily's death. He begins telling the story a few weeks before that fateful night when Emily first told him she wanted to die by suicide, and he had dismissed her statement, but then she bought it up again and he could not ignore it any longer. Chris explains that at first he wanted to tell someone, but quickly realized he would be betraying Emily's trust, and that the burden of saving her fell onto him alone. In order to maintain Emily's trust, he plays along with her plan and brings his father's gun loaded upon her request to the carousel that held so much sentimental value for them. After basking in each other's presence for some time, Emily lifted the gun to her head and found that she was too scared to do it on her own so she begged Chris to do it for her. In that moment he felt the pain that she was trying so hard to escape from and knew that he would do anything for her. Chris held the gun to Emily's head and could not find the strength to shoot her. He felt the pressure of Emily's hand over his own on the trigger and then a shot was fired. From Chris' account it was clear he was not sure if he truly had pulled the trigger or if Emily's hand had pushed his fingers onto it. Jordan McAfee continues to question Chris after his confession, and pressed him to remember exactly who had pulled the trigger, until Chris finally admitted that he could not definitively say who had ultimately fired the gun.
The jury had reached a verdict, and neither McAfee nor anyone else supporting Chris thought there was much hope of the decision being in his favor after his confession on the stand. However, in a surprising turn of events the jury found Chris not guilty. Since the end of the trial, life went on for both the Hartes and the Golds, but neither were the same after what had happened, nor were their friendships.
Main Characters.
Christopher Harte: Protagonist; an 18-year-old boy who is in love with his childhood best friend, Emily Gold. He is very caring and compassionate as can be seen through his interactions with Emily, he is honest and noble, and he is a proficient swimmer. When he finds himself on trial for the murder of his girlfriend, amidst half-truths, lies, and foggy memories, he must decipher what truly happened that night and hope his love for Emily is as real to the jury as it is for him.
Emily Gold: Chris Harte's best friend and love interest. She is a troubled 17-year-old girl who is very artistically talented. She struggles to maintain her positive image as she fights an internal losing battle. When she is found dead with a bullet wound from a gun that Chris' father owned and Chris is the last person she was with prior to her death, the only question remains, was it suicide or was it murder?
Michael Gold: The kind and nurturing father of Emily Gold. He is a veterinarian who values every life and he has a very passive, non-confrontational attitude. He does not believe that Chris killed his daughter and tries to be open to other possibilities rather than immediately pointing a finger.
Melanie Gold:The reserved and loving mother of Emily Gold. She works as a librarian and is a bibliophile. She is best friends with Gus Harte, who's firecracker personality complements her more mellow personality well. When her daughter dies she becomes resentful and angry. Her loyalties begin to shift when Chris Harte is found at the crime scene, alive.
James Harte: The father of Chris Harte and a practicing ophthalmologist. He is a very composed man who values his reputation very highly and avoids anything that will taint it. The scandal of Emily Gold's death and his son's murder charge leads him to try and attain any semblance of normalcy to avoid addressing the issues facing him, and in this process he drives away his wife and son.
Gus Harte: The mother of Chris Harte and wife of James Harte. She has a bright and bubbly personality. She is a dedicated mother that puts her children first. She is also best friends with Melanie Gold. She is at a crossroads when she is left to defend her son's character in court, while trying to mend a relationship with Melanie who has already convicted Chris before the jury has even reached a verdict.
Jordan McAfee: The charming and witty defence attorney of Chris Harte. When circumstance and evidence seem to be going against his client, he has to muster up all his creativity and legal expertise to try and save Chris from imprisonment.
Themes.
Friendship: "The Pact" emphasizes the lines that blur between that of close friendships and family, and how they can be tested when there is an unexpected death and evidence points to a member of the group.
Love: The book discusses the power of love and how it goes beyond the grave. It also considers the idea of loving someone so much that one would be willing to do anything for them even if it means ending their life, and endangering one's own freedom.
Family: "The Pact" delves into family bonds, and explores the question of how well parents can know their own children.
Loss: The novel considers the pain of loss and demonstrates the varying ways individuals express and feel grief. For instance, Melanie Gold distances herself from others and becomes resentful from grief, Gus Harte keeps herself busy, being anywhere she is needed, and James Harte tries to ignore the situation entirely.
Recognition.
"The Pact" was on the New York Times Bestseller list.
Film adaptation.
On November 4, 2002 Lifetime Television debuted a film adaptation of the novel, "The Pact". Directed by Peter Werner it starred Henry Czerny (as Michael Gold), Megan Mullally (as Melanie Gold), Jessica Steen (as Detective Anne-Marie Marrone), Juliet Stevenson (as Gus Harte), Bob Gunton (as James Harte), Eric Lively (as Chris Harte), and J.C. Mackenzie (as Jordan McAfee)
Differences Film Adaptation and Novel.
In the film, Chris Harte attends Emily Gold's funeral. However, in the novel Chris is undergoing a mental evaluation, after he was found at the carousel and neither the hospital nor his mother think it would be a good idea for him to attend the funeral.
In the movie Melanie Gold and Gus Harte interact considerably more and are more central characters, while in the novel Melanie distances herself from Gus.
In the film Chris is able to afford bond and is let out of jail on his own recognizance after being charged with first-degree murder. However, in the novel, Chris is specifically held in jail without the possibility of bond because of the severity of the case. Chris experiences a lot of personal growth during his time in jail while awaiting his trial.
In the film Chris' father, James, testifies on his son's behalf in court, but in the novel James refuses to testify, as he tries to distance himself from the entire situation.


M. Wesley Swearingen

Mont Wesley Swearingen (born May 20, 1927; Steubenville, Ohio) is a former FBI Special Agent from 1951 to 1977, and the author of "FBI Secrets", and "To Kill a President", an examination of the John F. Kennedy assassination.
Biography.
Swearingen served in the United States Navy from 1945 to 1946. After the war, he graduated from Ohio State University and joined the FBI. He began his career doing black bag jobs on Communists in Chicago. In Kentucky and New York City, he spent years doing serious criminal investigations, which had been his goal in joining the FBI. But Hoover fixated on the threat posed by such groups as the Black Panther Party. and the Weathermen. In Los Angeles, Swearingen burglarized the Tucson Five and their lawyers during the FBI's efforts to prosecute them, but no incriminating evidence was found and the Tucson Five were exonerated.
After 25 years with the FBI, Swearingen retired in 1977.
Swearingen has been interviewed in the documentary films "All Power to the People!" and "The U.S. vs. John Lennon".


Search and seizure law in Pennsylvania

The law of search and seizure in Pennsylvania is controlled by both the United States Constitution and the broader protections of the Pennsylvania Constitution. This article is concerned only with the protections provided by the Pennsylvania Constitution.
Overview.
Police officers and other law enforcement officials are limited in the means of investigation that they may utilize. That is, the law limits the ways in which police officers can investigate and arrest a person suspected of a crime. In the event a law enforcement official violates these rules, evidence obtained may be suppressed, which essentially means that the prosecution may not use the evidence in court to convict a defendant of the crime charged. Successful suppression of evidence often means the prosecution will not be able to make out the charges, and the defendant gets to go home. This article provides an overview summary of some of the major topics in Pennsylvania search and seizure jurisprudence.
Relationship between the U.S. Constitution and the Pennsylvania Constitution.
The US Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourth Amendment do not control the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's interpretation of the protections under Article I § 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. "See", "e.g.", "Commonwealth v. Edmunds", 586 A.2d 887 (1991). In fact, Federal Fourth Amendment decisions establish the constitutional floor, but Pennsylvania is free to offer heightened protections to her citizens.
The "Reasonable Expectation" of Privacy.
In order for a person to receive protection under Article I § 8 (and the Fourth Amendment), (1) that person must have exhibited a subjective, expectation of privacy and (2) that expectation must be one that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable. "See Katz v. United States", 389 U.S. 347 (1967); "Commonwealth v. Lowery", 451 A.2d 245 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1982). It is the Defendant's burden to establish his or her privacy interest; after the privacy interest is established, the Commonwealth then needs to show that the subject evidence was not illegally obtained. "Commonwealth v. Millner", 888 A.2d 680 (Pa. 2005); "Commonwealth v. Perea", 791 A.2d 427 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002).
Vehicles.
On 30 April 2014, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court decided with a 4-2 margin that exigency was no longer necessary, so long as the search based on the automobile exception to the warrant requirement is based on probable cause and the vehicle is readily mobile.


Matthew Bartholomew (character)


John Tapner

John Charles Tapner (8 March 1823 – 10 February 1854) was an English convicted murderer who was the last person executed by Guernsey.
Tapner was from Woolwich, London, England, and was living in St Martin when 74-year-old Elizabeth Saujon was murdered in her home in St Peter Port on 18 October 1853. Saujon had been knocked unconscious and left to die in her burning house.
Tapner was arrested and tried for the murder of Saujon. At trial, it was revealed that Tapner's mistress—who was his wife's sister—lived with Saujon. There were also reports of some of Saujon's belongings being discovered near Tapner's house in St Martin. While Tapner admitted to being in St Peter Port the evening of the murder, he denied any involvement in the fire or Saujon's death. It was never clear what Tapner's motive would have been for killing Saujon and burning down her house.
Tapner was convicted of murder by the Jurats and sentenced to death by hanging. Victor Hugo (who would later move to Guernsey) and 600 residents petitioned the Home Secretary of the United Kingdom, Lord Palmerston, to commute Tapner's sentence. Lord Palmerston refused, and Tapner was hanged on 10 February 1854 in St Peter Port. His execution was performed by non-professionals, and Tapner died of strangulation.
No one was executed by Guernsey after Tapner's execution. Guernsey abolished the death penalty in 2003.


Allan Kornblum

Allan Nathaniel Kornblum (March 4, 1938 – February 12, 2010) was a United States federal judge and authored key parts of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. During his career he also served as an adviser to the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, an FBI agent, a Treasury agent, a New York City Police officer, Director of Security for Princeton University, and an officer in the U.S. Army.
Kornblum was born in New York City, New York. He attended Stuyvesant High School in that city and was named all-city football quarterback in 1954. He earned degrees in police administration from Michigan State University and a law degree from the New York University School of Law.
In 1961, Kornblum joined the New York City Police Department before being drafted by the U.S. Army. He served in Korea and upstate New York before separating and joining the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During his time in the FBI, Kornblum worked on Civil Rights cases in Mississippi and bank robbery cases in New York City. From there Kornblum moved to Princeton University to become the Director of Security while simultaneously earning a PhD, writing a dissertation on corruption in the New York City Police Department.
Kornblum was recruited by the Department of Justice to help reign in U.S. Government surveillance operations in the mid-1970s. He wrote key parts of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and oversaw the law's implementation for the next two decades. In particular he developed the policies for minimization; that the Government should only retain valuable intelligence information and not collect other private information. During this time Kornblum was involved in the investigations of such notable spies as John Anthony Walker and Aldrich Ames.
In 2003, Kornblum testified at a federal trial based on his experience with the FBI in Mississippi. Ernest Avants, a former Ku Klux Klan member, was accused of killing Ben Chester White in 1967. Kornblum testified Avants confessed to the crime, "'Yeah, I shot that nigger,'", but Avants added that when he shot White, another man had already shot him several times. Kornblum noted Avants' attorney advised him he would be acquitted as "you can't be convicted for killing a dead man." Avants was convicted and later died in prison.
Later that same year, Kornblum was appointed as a United States magistrate judge for the Northern District of Florida. He assumed his office on October 17, 2003 and served until his death seven years later.
Allan Kornblum died of esophageal cancer on February 12, 2010 at the University of Florida Shands Cancer Center in Gainesville, Florida.


Florida v. Jimeno

Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248 (1991), was a U.S. Supreme Court case involving the exclusionary rule of evidence under the Fourth Amendment.
Background.
A police officer pulled over Enio Jimeno for a traffic violation after following him due to information that he may have been involved in a drug deal. Jimeno consented to a search of his car, but nothing more. The officer had informed Jimeno that he suspected him of having drugs in the car. The officer opened up a package and found cocaine inside. At trial, Jimeno argued that his consent to search his car did not extend to his permission to search within containers and packages. The lower court and the Florida Supreme Court upheld that Jimeno's consent did not cover the officer's efforts and thus ruled in Jimeno's favor. The State of Florida appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
Opinion of the Court.
In a 7-2 vote, the Court overturned the lower courts' decision and ruled that the officer's search of containers within the car were not considered unreasonable. Since a reasonable person would expect narcotics to be carried in a container, and because the officer told Jimeno of his suspicions, the Court ruled that the officer acted within reason. Jimeno was thus found guilty and the officer was not in violation of the 4th amendment.
Significance.
This case grants law enforcement greater ability to conduct searches. It also narrows the definition of unreasonable searches and thus limits the protection citizens can seek against such searches. Evidence cannot be excluded from a case if it is deemed to have been discovered through reasonable means.


Wiley Mayne

Wiley Mayne (January 19, 1917 – May 27, 2007) was a four-term Republican United States Congressman from Iowa's 6th congressional district. He was one of several Republican members of the House Judiciary Committee who were defeated in the fall of 1974 after he voted against resolutions to impeach President Richard M. Nixon in summer 1974.
Personal life.
Mayne was born in Sanborn, Iowa in 1917. After attending public school in Iowa, Mayne studied at Harvard College, where he received his B.S. and then continued on to Harvard Law School. In 1939, he received his J.D. from the University of Iowa College of Law. He joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1941, the same year that he was admitted to practice law. After a three-year tour of duty with the United States Naval Reserve as a Lieutenant Junior Grade from 1941–1943, Mayne returned to private practice, joining a Sioux City, Iowa law firm. In 1963, he served a one-year term as president of the Iowa Bar Association. Afterwards, he chaired the Grievance Commission of the Iowa Supreme Court until 1966.
On January 5, 1942, Mayne married Betty Dodson. The couple had three children; sons Wiley Mayne II and John Mayne, both of whom followed in their father's footsteps and became lawyers, and daughter Martha Mayne Smith.
Congressional Terms.
In 1966, Mayne ran for Congress in the now-obsolete Sixth Congressional District in Northwest Iowa and defeated Democratic freshman incumbent Stanley L. Greigg. Mayne was elected four times to the House, where he served on the House Agriculture Committee and the House Judiciary Committee. While serving on the House Agriculture Committee, a major issue of the era was a sudden and swift decline in the United States cattle market. In 1973, he was made a delegate to the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. One of Mayne's Congressional aides was future actor and congressman Fred Grandy.
As a member of the House Judiciary Committee, Mayne played an influential role in amendments to the Federal Rules of Evidence, especially those involving the admissibility of opinion testimony. His political downfall, however, came in his fourth term during his service on that Committee, when Mayne was one of ten Republican Committee members to vote against Articles of impeachment of President Richard Nixon arising from the Watergate scandal. At the time of his Committee votes, Mayne believed that the proof was not sufficient to necessitate a call for impeachment. In Nixon's final days in office, however, Mayne's opinion quickly changed after evidence implicating Nixon in a subsequent coverup was made public, and he vowed to vote in favor of impeachment when the articles came before the full House. The damage, however, had been done, and Mayne narrowly lost the 1974 election to his 1972 opponent, Democrat Berkley Bedell.
Later life.
After leaving Congress, Mayne returned to Sioux City, Iowa to resume his law practice. His wife, Betty, died in 2001, and Mayne continued to practice law until 2005. Mayne died in May 2007 after suffering a cardiopulmonary incident.


David H. Rosen

David H. Rosen (born February 25, 1945 in Port Chester, New York) is an American psychiatrist, Jungian analyst, and author, who was the first holder of the McMillan Professorship in Analytical Psychology, Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, and Professor of Humanities in Medicine at Texas A&M University. Although retired, he edited The Soul of Art (2017) by Christian Gaillard, which is the twentieth volume in the Fay Book Series in Analytical Psychology. The new editor of the Fay Book Series is Michael Escamilla who was named the McMillan scholar at The C.G. Jung Educational Center in Houston, Texas.
He currently lives in Eugene, Oregon, and is a member of the Pacific Northwest Society of Jungian Analysts and an Affiliate Professor of Psychiatry at Oregon Health & Science University. His research interests include analytical psychology, psychology of religion, psychology of humor, positive psychology, depression, suicidology, children's literature, social medicine and psychiatry; epidemiology, healing, ethics, peace, creativity, and the psychosocial, psychiatric, and human aspects of medicine.
Biography.
Rosen graduated from the University of California in Berkeley with an individual major in Psychological-Biological Sciences, and then went to medical school at the University of Missouri. He did his internship at the University of California Service at San Francisco General Hospital. and his psychiatric residency at the Langley Porter Institute at the University of California Medical Center.
He was appointed first lecturer and then Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California Medical Center in San Francisco . He then moved at the bequest of Dr. George Engel to the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York as Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine. Following that, he spent 25 years as the McMillan Professor of Analytical Psychology, Professor of Psychiatry, and Professor of Humanities in Medicine at Texas A&M University.
Rosen did post-graduate training in Analytical Psychology at the C.G. Jung Institute of San Francisco, California and became certified as a member of the Inter-Regional Society of Jungian Analysts and the International Association for Analytical Psychology.
Professional work.
He is best known for his research involving interviews of survivors of jumps off the Golden Gate Bridge and the therapeutic approach of egocide & transformation in treating suicidally depressed individuals (see "Transforming Depression: Healing the Soul through Creativity").
He edited a book, Less is More: A Collection of Ten-Minute Plays, which contains two plays of his own: "Leap for Life" and "Thanatos Calling." The first concerns survivors of jumps off the Golden Gate Bridge, and the other is about an elderly suicidal woman.
While at UCSF, Rosen received the Henry F. Albronda Memorial Award, the Academic Senate's Award for Distinction in Teaching, the Kaiser Award for Excellence in Teaching, and was selected to attend the National Endowment for the Humanities summer seminar for health professionals. He was also awarded the Outstanding Young Physician Award by the Medical Alumni Organization (University of Missouri), and was elected to Fellowship in the American Psychiatric Association. In 2003, he was designated Distinguished Fellow in the American Psychiatric Association and was elected to Fellowship in the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. He was the recipient of the Psychiatric Excellence Award by the Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians in 2004. Rosen was named the Distinguished Life Fellow by the American Psychiatric Association in 2006. He and his co-authors received the Article-of-the-Year Award by AcademyHealth for their paper “Two-minute mental health care for elderly patients: Inside primary care visits." Rosen was the recipient of a Glasscock Center for Humanities Research Stipendiary Fellowship at TAMU for 2009-2010.
Publications.
Rosen has published over a hundred peer reviewed articles and chapters and has authored and edited over twenty books. Additionally, he was the editor for twenty volumes of the Fay Book Series in Analytical Psychology (Texas A&M University Press) from 1991-2017. He also wrote the forewords for these volumes.
He is also the author of over a hundred Haiku including the books "Clouds and More Clouds," published by Lily Pool Press (2013), "Spelunking Through Life" (2016), "Living with Evergreens" (2017), and "White Rose, Red Rose" (2017) with Johnny Baranski. Most recently, he co-authored "Patient-Centered Medicine: A Human Experience" with Uyen Hoang, published by Oxford University Press (2017).
Artwork.
Rosen is a painter utilizing watercolor and acrylic. Some of his paintings are for sale.


Chesapeake City Bridge

The Chesapeake City Bridge carries Maryland Route 213 across the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal in Chesapeake City, Maryland. There are two undivided traffic lanes and one sidewalk on the east side of the bridge. It was built in 1949 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide a high-level canal crossing. An older vertical lift drawbridge was destroyed on July 28, 1942, after being struck by the tanker "Franz Klasen". The bridge is identical in appearance to the old St. Georges Bridge in Delaware (they were constructed roughly at the same time) except for the number of lanes.
Vertical lift span.
The Chesapeake City vertical lift span was constructed between 1924 and 1928. The bridge carried U.S. Route 213, connecting George Street on the south side of the canal with Lock Street on the north. Following the destruction of the bridge, the new high-level bridge was constructed approximately to the west. U.S. Route 213 was diverted to the new bridge, while the surface streets leading to the former bridge site were resigned as Maryland Route 537. This lift bridge itself was a replacement of an earlier wooden swing bridge. The replacement was necessitated by the expansion of the canal in the 1920s.


Peg Entwistle

Millicent Lilian "Peg" Entwistle (5 February 1908 – 16 September 1932) was a British stage and screen actress. She began her stage career in 1925, appearing in several Broadway productions. She appeared in only one film, "Thirteen Women", which was released posthumously.
Entwistle gained notoriety after she jumped to her death from atop the "H" on the Hollywoodland sign in September 1932, at the age of 24.
Early life.
Born Millicent Lilian Entwistle in Port Talbot, Glamorgan, Wales, to English parents Emily Entwistle (née Stevenson) and Robert Symes Entwistle, an actor, she spent her early life in West Kensington, London.
It is often reported that her mother died when she was very young, but there is no documented evidence supporting this. There is, however, a Last Will and Testament dated 15 December 1922, in the Entwistle family archives, in which Robert Entwistle specifically stated the following:
Millicent Lilian Entwistle is the daughter of my first wife whom I divorced and the custody of my said daughter was awarded to me. I do not desire my said daughter to be at any time in the custody or control of her said mother.
Peg Entwistle reportedly emigrated to America, sailing from Liverpool aboard the S.S. "Philadelphia" in 1916, and settled in New York City. However, documents and photographs made available by the Entwistle family for a biography state that Entwistle and her father were in Cincinnati, Ohio, and New York City in early spring 1913. This information is also corroborated by the Internet Broadway Database, and "The New York Times", where Robert S. Entwistle is listed in the cast of several plays in 1913.
In December 1922, Robert Entwistle died, the victim of a hit-and-run motorist on Park Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City. Peg and her two younger half-brothers were taken in by their uncle, who had come with them to New York and was the manager of Broadway actor Walter Hampden.
Broadway.
By 1925, Entwistle was living in Boston as a student of Henry Jewett's Repertory (now called the Huntington Theatre) and was one of the Henry Jewett Players, who were gaining national attention. Walter Hampden gave Entwistle an uncredited walk-on part in his Broadway production of "Hamlet", which starred Ethel Barrymore. She carried the King's train and brought in the poison-cup.
Entwistle, at age 17, played the role of Hedvig in a 1925 production of Henrik Ibsen's "The Wild Duck". After seeing the play, Bette Davis told her mother, "I want to be exactly like Peg Entwistle." Some years later, Broadway actress and director Blanche Yurka sent a note to Davis asking if she would like to play Hedvig, and Davis sent word back that ever since she had seen Entwistle in "The Wild Duck", she had known she would someday play Hedvig. Through the years, Davis said Entwistle was her inspiration to take up acting.
By 1926, Entwistle had been recruited by the New York Theatre Guild, and her first credited Broadway performance was in June of that year as Martha in "The Man from Toronto", which opened at the Selywn Theatre and ran for 28 performances. Entwistle performed in ten Broadway plays as a member of the Theatre Guild between 1926 and 1932, working with noted actors such as George M. Cohan, William Gillette, Robert Cummings, Dorothy Gish, Hugh Sinclair, Henry Travers and Laurette Taylor. Her longest-running play was the 1927 hit "Tommy," in which she starred with Sidney Toler, which ran for 232 performances and became the play for which she was most remembered.
In April 1927, Entwistle married actor Robert Keith at the chapel of the New York City Clerk's office. She was granted a divorce in May 1929. Along with charges of cruelty, she claimed her husband did not tell her he had been married before and was father to a six-year-old boy, Brian Keith, who later became an actor.
The play "The Uninvited Guest" closed after only seven performances in September 1927; however, "The New York Times" critic J. Brooks Atkinson wrote, "Peg Entwistle gave a performance considerably better than the play warranted."
She went on tour with the Theatre Guild between Broadway productions. Changing characters every week, Entwistle garnered some publicity, such as an article in the Sunday edition of "The New York Times" in 1927 and another in the "Oakland Tribune" two years later.
Aside from a part in the suspense drama "Sherlock Holmes and the Strange Case of Miss Faulkner" and her desire to play more challenging roles, Entwistle was often cast as a comedian, most often the attractive, good-hearted ingénue. In 1929, she told a reporter:
I would rather play roles that carry conviction. Maybe it is because they are the easiest and yet the hardest things for me to do. To play any kind of an emotional scene I must work up to a certain pitch. If I reach this in my first word, the rest of the words and lines take care of themselves. But if I fail, I have to build up the balance of the speeches, and in doing this the whole characterisation falls flat. I feel that I am cheating myself. I don't know whether other actresses get this same reaction or not, but it does worry me.
In early 1932, Entwistle made her last Broadway appearance, in J. M. Barrie's "Alice Sit-by-the-Fire", which also starred Laurette Taylor, whose alcoholism led her to two missed evening performances and refunds to ticket-holders. The show was cancelled, and in the aftermath, Entwistle and the other players were given only a week's salary, rather than a percentage of the box office gross, which had been agreed upon before the show opened.
Hollywood.
By May 1932, at the height of the Great Depression, Entwistle was in Los Angeles with a role in the Romney Brent play "The Mad Hopes", starring Billie Burke, which ran from 23 May to 4 June at the Belasco Theatre in downtown Los Angeles. Florence "Flo" Lawrence, theatre critic for the "Los Angeles Examiner", gave the production a very favorable review:
Belasco and Curran have staged the new play most effectively and have endowed this Romney Brent opus with every distinction of cast and direction. (producer) Bela Blau ... has developed the comedy to its highest points. Costumes and settings are of delightful quality, and every detail makes the production one entirely fit for its translation to the New York stage. In the cast Peg Entwistle and Humphrey Bogart hold first place in supporting the star (Billie Burke) and both give fine, serious performances. Miss Entwistle as the earnest, young daughter (Geneva Hope) of a vague mother and presents a charming picture of youth...
After "The Mad Hopes" closed, Entwistle won her first and only credited film role with Radio Pictures (later RKO). "Thirteen Women" stars Myrna Loy and Irene Dunne in a pre-Hays code, high-budget thriller produced by David O. Selznick and drawn from the novel by Tiffany Thayer. Entwistle played a small supporting role as Hazel Cousins. It premiered on 14 October 1932, a month after her death, at the Roxy Theatre in New York City, and was released in Los Angeles on 11 November to neither critical nor commercial success. By the time it was re-released in 1935, 14 minutes had been cut from the film's original 73-minute running length. In 2008, "Variety" magazine cited "Thirteen Women" as one of the earliest "female ensemble" films.
Death.
On 18 September 1932, a woman was hiking below the Hollywoodland sign, when she found a woman's shoe, purse, and jacket. She opened the purse and found a suicide note, after which she looked down the mountain and saw the body below. The woman reported her findings to the Los Angeles police and laid the items on the steps of the Hollywood police station.
Later, a detective and two radio car officers found the body in a ravine below the sign. Entwistle remained unidentified until her uncle, with whom she had been living in the Beachwood Canyon area, identified her remains. He connected her two-day absence with the description and the initials "P.E.," written on the suicide note, which had been published in the newspapers. He said that on Friday, 16 September, she had told him she was going for a walk to a drugstore and to see some friends. The police surmised that instead she made her way to the nearby southern slope of Mount Lee to the foot of the Hollywoodland sign, climbed a workman's ladder to the top of the "H" and jumped.
The cause of death was listed by the coroner as "multiple fractures of the pelvis."
The suicide note, as published, read:
I am afraid, I am a coward. I am sorry for everything. If I had done this a long time ago, it would have saved a lot of pain. P.E.
Entwistle's death brought wide and often sensationalized publicity. Her funeral was held at the W.M. Strathers Mortuary, in Hollywood, on 20 September. Her body was cremated and the ashes were later sent to Glendale, Ohio, for burial next to her father in Oak Hill Cemetery, where they were interred on 5 January 1933.
In 2014, roughly 100 people marked the anniversary of Entwistle's death by gathering in the parking lot of Beachwood Market in Hollywood, to watch "Thirteen Women" on an outdoor screen. Proceeds from a raffle and from food and beverages sold at the screening were donated to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention in Entwistle's name.
In popular culture.
"Hollywood Girl: The Peg Entwistle Story" (2017) is a short film based on the last day of Peg Entwistle's life.
Dory Previn sang about Entwistle in the song "Mary C. Brown and the Hollywood Sign," on her 1972 album of the same name.
Jakko Jakszyk's song "Damn This Town" (from his 1995 album "Mustard Gas and Roses") mentions Entwistle and her suicide.
In 2015, French songwriter and musician Benoit Clerc composed and released "Peg est mon nom" ("Peg is my name"), a ballad sung by Camille Saillant. The song imagines Peg Entwistle standing atop "The big white letter H" as she wonders whether she will be remembered after her death.
The season 11 episode of "Ghost Adventures" entitled "Haunted Hollywood" included a segment that investigated the Hollywood sign and talked about Entwistle's death.
The song "Lust for Life" by Lana Del Rey references the suicide of Entwistle. The song includes lyrics such as "climb up the H of the Hollywood Sign," and in the music video for the song, Del Rey and The Weeknd are seen dancing atop the "H" of the Hollywood Sign.
In 2006, Gidget Gein (aka Bradley Stewart) created a watercolor portrait of Peg Entwistle. Gein, who was the co-founder and bassist of the rock band Marilyn Manson, had his Entwistle portrait displayed in 2004 at the Bluespace Gallery in Hollywood, California. The exhibit was titled "Gollywood".
In 2015, fashion artist Alvaro Rodriguez (aka Alvaro Arts) created a charcoal portrait of Peg Entwistle.
Some have speculated that the 1977 Steely Dan recording "Peg" is about Entwistle; however, in 2000, during a question-and-answer session with fans, the band said the song was written about a real person, but not Entwistle. In 2020, Steely Dan cofounder Donald Fagen said, "There's no hidden meaning. We just wanted a dotted half note for that spot and Peg was short enough to fit with the music."
Ryan Murphy's 2020 miniseries "Hollywood" revolves around the fictional production of a film, titled "Peg", about Entwistle's acting career and suicide.
The song "Gardenias" by Protest The Hero references the suicide of Entwistle as a symbol for the struggle of "making it" in Hollywood. The lyrics heavily feature alliteration on the letter "H" and contain several references to Entwistle's death, including the height of the Hollywood sign and the discovery of her remains by a hiker. The song appears on the album "Palimpsest", which was released on 18 June 2020.


Lulu Mae Johnson

Lulu Mae Johnson (c. 1877 – October 25, 1918), was a dance-hall performer and hotelier in Dawson City, Yukon, Canada.
Johnson arrived in the Yukon in 1899 or 1900, probably from Alabama. She may have arrived with a dance troupe or with a trumpet player. Johnson married her employer, Murray S. Eads, in 1904 and went on to manage his dance-hall, the Flora Dora. Although she was once charged with "allowing women of loose, idle or suspicious character on the premises for the purpose of keeping company with men" she and her husband were well respected in Dawson City.
In 1918 the couple left Dawson City. They sold their business and traveled south. Johnson and Eads both died on their journey when the SS "Princess Sophia" sank, killing all aboard.


Kuntal Chandra

Kuntal Chandra (8 November 1984 – 3 December 2012) was a cricketer from Bangladesh.
Chandra was a right-handed batsman and wicket keeper sometimes known by his nickname Papon. He studied at Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan. After playing for Bangladesh Under-19s in 2000, he made his debut for Chittagong Division in 2004–2005 against Rajshahi Division, taking five catches and scoring 71 and 33. Despite this promising beginning he played only two more first-class matches, and those not until the 2007–2008 season. He also played in two List A one-day matches in 2005.
Death.
Chandra was found dead at the outskirts of Dhaka, on a stopbank along the Uttara-Ashulia road near Dhour on 3 December 2012. He was discovered by the locals who then called the police. His body was found blindfolded and with pieces of cloth stuffed into his mouth. The body also bore signs of being beaten. Initial assessment by the local police indicated that Chandra likely died by strangulation.


West Seattle Bridge collision

At 2:38 a.m. on June 11, 1978, the freighter "Chavez" rammed the West Seattle Bridge over the Duwamish West Waterway, thereby closing it to automobile traffic for the next six years. The pilot and master were both found negligent in causing the collision. The collision led to the opening of the current West Seattle Bridge in 1984.
Background.
The bridge was constructed in 1924. Increasing traffic over the years had made the bridge one of Seattle's worst chokepoints. Seattle planners had worked on a higher bridge to supplement it, and had multiple funding sources lined up, but these funding sources backed out due to a corruption scandal. By 1975, the project was widely considered dead. Federal highway administrator Norbert Tiemann remarked, "Short of a tug knocking it down (which could trigger special bridge replacement funds), there is nothing else. And you certainly wouldn't want to go that route." Such a disaster would qualify the project for federal bridge replacement funds.
Collision.
On June 11, 1978, the "Chavez" struck the bridge. No one was hurt in the collision, but it resulted in the bridge being stuck open. The bridge was irreparably damaged.
Aftermath.
A US Coast Guard inquiry found the ship's pilot, Rolf Neslund, and master, Gojko Gospodnetic, were negligent. Gospodnetic was fired and Neslund forced into retirement.
In 1980, after several years of a deteriorating domestic relationship characterized by alcoholism and violent conflict, Neslund disappeared. Police alleged that in an argument over the pension money, Rolf's wife, Ruth Neslund, shot and killed her husband on August 8, 1980, burning his remains at their home on Lopez Island. The body was never found. However, with no sign of Rolf, Ruth was charged in 1983 for the murder and stood trial in 1985. Ruth died in prison of natural causes in February 1993.
The proposed high span West Seattle Bridge, which had previously lost funding, had a new source of funding in federal bridge replacement funds. The federal funding allowed the new bridge to be constructed, opening in 1984.


RMS Orizaba

RMS "Orizaba" was a Royal Mail Ship wrecked off Rockingham, Western Australia on 16 February 1905. On her approach to Fremantle, a smog of bushfire smoke was obscuring the coast and the captain lost his bearings. The ship went aground in of water on Five Fathom Bank, west of Garden Island.
All 160 people on board were evacuated safely. It is one of the largest ships ever to be wrecked in Australian waters.
In 2014 the wreck was still in use as a dive site.
The ship was celebrated in music by Australian composer Auguste Wiegand, in his gavotte of the same name.


Walter Sheridan

Walter James Sheridan (20 November 1925 - 13 January 1995) was an investigator for various agencies of the US government. He is best known for his role in the prosecution of Jimmy Hoffa, on which subject he published a book in 1972.
Background.
Sheridan was born in 1925 in Utica, New York. During World War II, he served in the US Navy's Submarine Service, and according to some sources worked for the Office of Naval Intelligence. After the war he benefited from the G.I. Bill, graduating from Fordham University in 1950.
Career.
Sheridan joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation, resigning after four years over J. Edgar Hoover's focus on anti-Communism. As Sheridan later put it, "Hoover was more interested in guys who were Communists for 15 minutes in 1931 than he was in guys who were stealing New Jersey." He was then a National Security Agency investigator for three years.
Sheridan was an investigator for the United States Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management, recruited to its staff by Robert F. Kennedy in 1957. He was a regional coordinator for John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign, and a coordinator for the Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign, 1968. After Robert Kennedy was appointed Attorney General in 1961, Sheridan became a special assistant to Kennedy working as the effective chief of a team investigating Hoffa and the Teamsters. From 1965 to 1970, he was a NBC News special correspondent, producing documentaries on crime and gun control among other issues; his unit received a Peabody Award for work on the 1967 Detroit riot. Sheridan also covered the 1967 prosecution of Clay Shaw by Jim Garrison, and in 1967 produced an hour-long special for NBC on the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
In the 1970s and 80s, he was a principal aide to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary and the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee.
In fiction.
Sheridan is among those portrayed in the film "Thirteen Days", which is about the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
In Movies.
Sheridan is mentioned in the documentary The JFK Assassination: The Jim Garrison Tapes (1992) pertaining to his work on the 1967 NBC hour-long special about the assassination of John F. Kennedy.


Randy Tyree

Randell "Randy" Tyree (born 1940) is a Tennessee politician who served as mayor of Knoxville from 1976 to 1983 and was the Democratic candidate for Governor in 1982.
Biography.
Tyree was born in Carthage, Tennessee, in 1940. He received a bachelor's degree from Middle Tennessee State University, where his major was political science. Subsequently he earned a law degree from the University of Tennessee. Tyree, now divorced, was married to the former Mary Pat Dukas. The couple has four children.
For a ten-year period early in his career, he worked in law enforcement, including a four-year stint with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as well as a period as a police officer in Knoxville. He also served as a police commissioner in the City of Knoxville.
He was elected mayor of Knoxville at age 34 in 1975, the city's youngest candidate ever to hold that office, defeating Republican incumbent Kyle Testerman. He took office the following year. In 1979 he won re-election to a second four-year term, and presided over the city during the 1982 World's Fair.
In 1982 Tyree ran for Governor with support from Jake Butcher. He won the Democratic nomination by defeating Anna Belle Clement O'Brien in the primary election, but lost to Republican incumbent governor Lamar Alexander in the November general election.
Tyree unsuccessfully sought to again become mayor in the 1987 election.
Tyree was a candidate for sheriff of Knox County in 2006 and 2008. In the May 2006 primary he ran as a write-in candidate, winning over 5% of the vote and thus earning a place in the August general election, which he lost to Republican incumbent Tim Hutchison. In 2008 he won the Democratic primary held in February, but lost to J.J. Jones in the August general election.


Andrew Papachristos

Andrew Vasilios Papachristos is an American sociologist, professor of sociology and faculty fellow at the Institute for Policy Research (IPR) at Northwestern University. He is also the director of the Northwestern Neighborhoods & Networks Initiative (N3) that engages communities, civic partners, and policy makers to address core problems facing the residents of Chicago and surrounding communities. He previously served as professor of sociology at Yale University, where he directed the Policy Lab at Yale as well as the Center for Research on Inequalities and the Life Course.
Education and career.
A native of Chicago, Illinois, Papachristos received his B.S. "summa cum laude" from Loyola University of Chicago in 1998, his M.A. from the University of Chicago in 2000, and his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago in 2007. From 2007 to 2012, he was an assistant, and later associate, professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 2010 to 2012, he was a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholar at Harvard University. In 2012, he joined the faculty at Yale, where he was promoted to full professor in 2017, serving in the departments of sociology,
public health (by courtesy), and at Yale Law School. In 2018, Papachristos joined the faculty of Northwestern University as professor of sociology, faculty fellow at the Institute for Policy Research (IPR), and founding director of the Northwestern Neighborhoods & Networks Initiative (N3).
Research.
Papachristos is known for researching gun violence in the United States, and how social networks help spread it. With Christopher Wildeman, he has shown that being a member of a certain social network within a given neighborhood increases the odds of being the victim of homicide by 900%. His research on gun violence has inspired an algorithm used to predict who will become a victim of gun violence in the future, based on nine years of data from Chicago.


Stephen Teret

Stephen P. Teret is Professor of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, where he is also Associate Dean for Education and Faculty Development. He is also the director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Law and the Public’s Health.
Education.
Teret received his J.D. from the Brooklyn Law School in 1969 and his M.P.H. from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in 1979.
Career.
Before enrolling in Johns Hopkins, Teret worked as a personal injury lawyer in upstate New York. He joined the Johns Hopkins faculty after receiving his M.P.H. from there in 1979. One of his former students at Johns Hopkins was Garen Wintemute. In 1995, Teret was the founding director of Johns Hopkins' Center for Gun Policy and Research, and served as director from then until 2001.
Research.
Teret has been studying gun violence and gun policy from a public health perspective since 1979. He is particularly well-known for his work on smart guns, which he became interested after a baby whose family he knew was killed by another child with a gun.


Living torpedoes

Living torpedoes (; also "Straceńcy" — “Desperates” or "the Lost") was a social and military phenomenon which began in the Second Polish Republic in mid-1939, when the threat from Nazi Germany became real. The idea for creating the human torpedo unit was very similar to the famous Japanese kamikaze pilots — people willing to sacrifice their lives to defend their homeland. It is a matter of debate among military historians whether there were any real plans for the combat usage of such suicidal units, or whether it was purely a matter of propaganda.
History.
On May 5, 1939, Adolf Hitler officially demanded the Free City of Danzig and the Polish Corridor. A day after Hitler’s speech, the Polish daily "Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny" from Kraków published a letter written by a man from Warsaw named Władysław Bożyczko and also signed by his relatives, the brothers Edward and Leon Lutostański. Bożyczko together with the Lutostański brothers appealed to the Poles, asking them to sacrifice their lives. Also, as early as spring 1937 a man from Katowice, Stanisław Chojecki, had written a letter to Edward Rydz-Śmigły, offering a similar ultimate sacrifice.
The appeal quickly spread all over the country, trumpeted by other newspapers and radio. Copies of several papers which published it have been preserved to this day; in some of them there are names and photographs of some of those who applied. The search for volunteers turned into a popular patriotic movement which lasted until the first day of World War II — September 1, 1939, the day the German invasion of Poland began. It is now difficult to estimate how many people volunteered; most probably there were as many as 4700 men and some 150 women (3000 names are documented, as the Polish Navy issued special IDs for volunteers, signed by Commodore Eugeniusz Poplawski). The first people took their oaths on June 29, 1939.
It is not exactly known what the Polish Army was going to use these people for. Presumably, they were supposed to man underwater human torpedoes, aimed at the destruction of German warships. Most probably, the Polish Army did not have the necessary equipment, but reportedly in the summer of 1939 in Gdynia, 83 selected volunteers were shown a special short movie about torpedoes manned by humans. An officer of the Navy who was present stated that Poland had 16 such torpedoes; they were eight meters long and weighed 420 kilograms. However, none of the volunteers ever saw these torpedoes. Some other volunteers were trained as glider pilots and parachute jumpers.
Also, at that time the Polish Navy created a Bureau of Living Torpedoes, which suggests that the idea was treated seriously. According to one of the volunteers, Marian Kamiński from Poznań, who saw the movie, Navy officers told him to return to Gdynia on October 12, 1939, for a two-month training course. The course never started — as Germany attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 — but some of the volunteers had by then been drafted into another special ops unit for sabotage and operations behind enemy lines.
Volunteers.
On Tuesday, June 13, 1939, Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny published a list of volunteers, adding that new names were added to it on daily basis. In several previous issues of the paper, other lists were published, with hundreds of names altogether. Among people presented in the June 13 issue are such names, as Tadeusz Gierat from Wola Duchacka, Krakow, who wrote: "My life belongs to you, my homeland", or Emilia Konopnicka from Tarnopol, who wrote: "My father died in the war, and my Polish honor tells me to apply". Bolesław Sobczyk from Gdynia wrote: "At any given moment I am willing to give my life for Poland", while J.F. from Trembowla wrote: "I am over 50 years old, and I think that people like me are the best candidates". Among volunteers there also was a group of coal miners from Nowa Wieś in Polish Upper Silesia.
Letters from volunteers.
In the spring and summer of 1939, numerous letters from those willing to sacrifice their lives for Poland were printed in the newspapers. Here are excerpts from those letters:


SS John V. Moran

SS "John V. Moran" was a wooden-hulled American package freighter in service between 1888 and 1899. She was built in 1888 in West Bay City, Michigan, by F.W. Wheeler & Company. She was built for Ward's Crescent Transportation Company of Detroit, Michigan, and was operated as part of his Detroit & Lake Superior Line. She was built to haul both bulk, and package freight. Throughout the 1893 shipping season, "John V. Moran" ran between Buffalo, New York, and Duluth, Minnesota. She was sold for the first time in 1895 to the Union Transit Line of Buffalo, and once again in 1898 to the Crosby Transportation Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
On February 9, 1899, "John V. Moran" was bound from Milwaukee for Muskegon, Michigan, with a cargo of barreled flour and various package goods, when a piece of ice cut a hole in her hull, causing water to leak in on Lake Michigan. Her crew alerted the nearby steamer "Naomi" using "John V. Moran"s whistle. Three of "John V. Moran"s crew walked across the ice to "Naomi". Upon receiving the crew of "John V. Moran", "Naomi" headed over to "John V. Moran" and removed the rest of her crew. On February 10, "Naomi" took "John V. Moran" in tow, but she was leaking too badly to make it to Muskegon. On the morning of February 11, "John V. Moran"s crew walked back to her across the ice in order to retrieve everything of value on board. Her crew arrived at Grand Haven, Michigan, the following night. The "John V. Moran" was still afloat on February 12, having been sighted by the ferry "Muskegon" who was on her way to Muskegon. She sank without loss of life the same day.
The wreck of "John V. Moran" was discovered on July 8, 2015, more than 116 years after her sinking, by the Michigan Shipwreck Research Association, who called her "the most intact steamship wreck on the bottom of Lake Michigan, if not all of the Great Lakes".
History.
Design and construction.
John V. Moran (US official number 76748) was built in 1888 in West Bay City, Michigan, by F.W. Wheeler & Company. "John V. Moran" was the last of three sister ships built between 1886 and 1888. Her sister ships were "William H. Stevens" (1886) and "Eber Ward" (1888).
Her wooden hull was long, wide and deep. She had a gross tonnage of 1350.38 tons and a net tonnage of 1035.26 tons.
She was powered by a two-cylinder 82 rpm fore and aft compound steam engine; the cylinders of the engine were and in diameter, and had a stroke of . Steam for the engine was produced by a single × Scotch marine boiler. The engine was manufactured by Samuel F. Hodge & Company in Detroit, Michigan, while the boiler was manufactured by the Lake Erie Boiler Works in Buffalo, New York. She was propelled by a single fixed pitch propeller. It was in diameter, and had an 11 inch (27.9 cm) pitch.
"John V. Moran" was a combination of a bulk freighter and a package freighter, built to carry both bulk (e.g. iron ore, coal) and package freight (e.g. flour). As such, she had cargo hatches in her deck, and her sides. Her hull was reinforced with iron plates for winter transit.
Service history.
Launched on August 16, 1888, she was hull number number 44. She was built for Ward's Crescent Transportation Company, and was operated as part of Ward's Detroit & Lake Superior Line, both of Detroit. Detroit was her first home port, where she was enrolled at on the same day she was launched. She entered service later in August. She was retrofitted with double hoists for loading cargo in 1891. "John V. Moran" was transferred to the Crescent Transportation Company. During the 1893 shipping season, "John V. Moran" ran between Buffalo, New York, and Duluth, Minnesota. She was sold to the Union Transit Company of Buffalo.
On May 7, 1896, "John V. Moran" near Sailors' Encampment in the St. Marys River at about 5:00p.m. Her navigation lights were on, and her crew were endeavouring to free her. "John V. Moran" signaled to a tug for assistance, but the signals were mistaken by the downbound bulk freighter "Maurice B. Grover" for a "hurry-up signal". "Maurice B. Grover" initially tried to pass by "John V. Moran"s stern, unsuccessfully, and instead tried to head past her bow. However, instead of safely passing "John V. Moran", "Maurice B. Grover" rammed "John V. Moran" amidships at 7:00p.m. "John V. Moran"s owners libeled "Maurice B. Grover". The case was tried at the Utica, New York by the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. Judge Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr. exonerated "Maurice B. Grover", claiming that "John V. Moran" was at fault, as she did not give any danger signals prior to the collision. "John V. Moran" was repaired in Superior, Wisconsin, in June of that year.
In November 1898, "John V. Moran" was sold to the Crosby Transportation Company of Milwaukee, and ran between the Wisconsin ports of Manitowoc, Sheboygan, and the Michigan ports of Muskegon, and Grand Haven.
Final voyage.
"John V. Moran" left Milwaukee for Muskegon, on February 9, 1899, at 1:00p.m., loaded with barrels of flour and miscellaneous cargo. At around midnight, while travelling through an ice field, a piece of ice punctured her hull, causing a serious leak. Captain John McLeod ordered that a significant amount of her cargo to be jettisoned in an attempt to keep "John V. Moran" afloat. "John V. Moran"s crew used her whistle to alert the nearby steamer "Naomi". Three of "John V. Moran"s crew began walking towards "Naomi". "Naomi"s crew noticed the lights of the three crewmen and picked them up. Afterwards, she headed over to "John V. Moran", picking up the remainder of her crew. On the morning of February 10, "Naomi" took "John V. Moran" in tow, as she was still afloat. Although "Naomi" managed to tow "John V. Moran" a few miles nearer to Muskegon, she was eventually abandoned as the crew realised that she would not be able to survive the whole journey. "John V. Moran"s crew walked back over the ice to her, in order to retrieve their belongings. On the morning of February 12, the car ferry "Muskegon" which was headed for Muskegon, passed "John V. Moran", still afloat.
Ten years after "John V. Moran" sank, her sister ship, "Eber Ward" was also sunk by ice on Lake Michigan.
Wreck.
Discovery.
The Michigan Shipwreck Research Association of Holland, Michigan, began searching for "John V. Moran" at the beginning of June 2015. Despite the patchy newspaper reports from 1899, they were able to narrow down the search area to a 10 square mile (25.9 km2) grid system. At 3:30 A.M. on June 5, the side-scan sonar picked up a shipwreck. Initially the shipwreck hunters were unsure whether or not the wreck was "John V. Moran". Due to the extreme depth of the wreck, sending a diver down to investigate the wreck would have been extremely difficult. On July 8, the team invited Michigan State Police Underwater Recovery Unit to investigate the wreck. They sent down a remotely operated vehicle to capture footage in order to identify the wreck. Upon reaching the wreck, the team were able to
quickly identify it as "John V. Moran" when they compared the fully intact wreck seen on the footage captured by the remotely operated vehicle to a historic image of "John V. Moran".
"John V. Moran" today.
The wreck of "John V. Moran" rests upright and remarkably intact in of water. Her pilothouse is intact, her mast, with rigging, is still in place and there is still glass in her windows. Her anchors and all of her railings remain in place. The only piece of her wreck that appears to be missing is her funnel. The remotely operated vehicle also located a hole in the starboard side of "John V. Moran"s hull, and some minor damage at her port bow. Her discoverers called her "the most intact steamship wreck on the bottom of Lake Michigan, if not all of the Great Lakes".


Jack Muller

Jack Muller (1923-2005) was a Chicago Police Detective.
Muller was born to Hungarian and Polish immigrants in Chicago, Illinois, where he attended Marshall High School and was an All State fullback on their football team. He went to the University of Michigan on a football scholarship, but dropped out of school to enlist in the U.S. Navy and spent World War II serving in the Pacific theatre aboard the USS Sheldrake as a mine sweeping specialist. On January 18, 1946 Muller received a hardship discharge and returned home to help care for his dying father. Four weeks later, he took the Chicago Police exam and passed.
In 1946 a Chicago Police officer's salary was $2900 per year. The first parking ticket Jack wrote was for an illegally parked car on Argyle Street; as he was tucking the ticket under the wiper blade, the man that owned the car ran up and tried to persuade him to tear it up. He was a small political figure in the city, and when the court case came up, the judge threw it out. This incident had a profound impact on Muller and set the stage of fighting with corrupt city officials for his entire career.
In 1953 Muller was assigned traffic duty on Rush Street. In the narrow night club–lined street, there was never enough parking, and keeping the lanes open and cars moving was a big job. He soon became a familiar sight, patrolling the street on his motorcycle. On August 7, 1954, Muller observed a Cadillac going east down the westbound lane of Oak St. The car was driven by the wife of chief judge of the Superior Court of Cook County Samuel B. Epstein, and the judge was in the passenger seat. Eyewitnesses reported that as the officer was taking his ticket book out of his pocket, the judge's wife jumped out of the car, slapping his face and kicking him in the shin. The judge got out and ran around the car and jumped on Muller's back. After he had the couple under control and called for backup, the judge's wife said she had been hit by the officer and wanted to go to the hospital. The judge was taken into the station, where he received a $6 traffic fine and was sent away. The next day, as a reprimand, Muller lost his two-wheel motorcycle and was issued a three-wheeler instead. Muller made no secret of the fact he didn't like the three-wheeler, and many of the Rush Street crowd started calling it "the Mullercycle". Jack Muller was starting to become famous for ticketing anyone that deserved it, politicians, celebrities; no one was immune. Jack arrested Cubs broadcaster Jack Brickhouse, towed the car of Illinois Governor William Stratton and ticketed Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley. On October 24, 1955, Life Magazine reported that Officer Muller wrote 15,000 traffic tickets a year.
In October 1967, while assigned to an auto theft unit of the Chicago Police, Muller discovered that other officers were selling tires that had been seized in police raids. He reported his findings to his commander, who in turn relayed the report to the Commander of the Auto Theft Division. Five days later, after seeing there was no further investigation, Muller submitted his charges to the Superintendent of the Chicago Police. Three weeks later, Muller was interviewed on television concerning his charges, where he told of corruption in the Department. When asked by the reporter why Muller hadn't made his complaints to the Internal Investigation Unit, he replied, "The IID is like a big washing machine, all the dirty cops that go in, come out clean."
References.
1. I, Pig by Jack Muller, Copyright 1971
2. Indiana Law Journal, Summer 1971, www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2695&context=ilj
3. Life Magazine Hamblin, Dora - October 24, 1955 - Chicago's Traffic Terror, Page 61
4. Pang, Kevin Chicago Tribune, March 14, 2005 Article by Kevin Pang
5. Cycle Cop, The True Story of Jack Muller by Paul G Neimark


Raoul Salan

Raoul Albin Louis Salan (; 10 June 1899 – 3 July 1984) was a French Army general. He served as the fourth French commanding general during the First Indochina War. He was one of four generals who organized the 1961 Algiers Putsch operation. He was the founder of the Organisation armée secrète and the most decorated soldier in the French Army at the end of his military career.
Early life.
Salan was born on 10 June 1899 in Roquecourbe, Tarn. He graduated from the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. He served in the French Army during World War I.
Military career.
Salan served as the commander of French forces in Vietnam from 1945 to 1947. By 1948, he was commander of all French land forces in East Asia, and after the death of Jean de Lattre de Tassigny in 1952, Salan became the commander-in-chief in Indochina.
Salan served as commander-in-chief of French forces in French Algeria in 1956. In 1958, Salan called for the return to power of Charles De Gaulle, believing that the latter would protect French Algeria. He retired shortly after, first moving to Spain, then to mainland France. He was banned from entering Algeria in 1960.
Nevertheless, Salan returned to Algeria to organize the putsch on 21 April 1961 with André Zeller, Edmond Jouhaud and Maurice Challe. After the failure of the putsch, he became the chief of Organisation armée secrète (OAS), which attempted to disrupt the April 1962 Peace Evian Accords. He was arrested in April 1962.
Salan was charged with treason and condemned "in absentia" to death. Then, in April 1962, he was arrested in Algiers. The death sentence on him was commuted to life imprisonment. He was pardoned in 1968.
Salan was the most decorated soldier in the French Army.
Death.
Salan died on 3 July 1984. Every year, former members of the OAS bring flowers to his tomb on his death anniversary.
Decorations.
French and Colonial Decorations
Foreign Decorations
"Decorations of General Raoul Salan."


Robert Maheu

Robert Aime Maheu (October 30, 1917 – August 4, 2008) was an American businessman and lawyer, who worked for the FBI and CIA, and as the chief executive of Nevada operations for the industrialist Howard Hughes.
Early life.
Maheu was born in Waterville, Maine, the son of Christine and Ephrem Maheu, who were of French-Canadian descent. He held degrees from Holy Cross and Georgetown University. In 1941, during his law studies at Georgetown, he was hired by the FBI and worked as a counter-intelligence officer in Europe during World War II. He left the FBI in 1947 and opened Robert A. Maheu and Associates, a private detective firm in Washington, DC.
Howard Hughes.
Maheu's contract with the Hughes company started in 1955, after Howard Hughes hired him to investigate an alleged suitor of his fiancé Jean Peters.
Although Maheu was for years a close confidant of Howard Hughes, he never met Hughes face-to-face, as they worked via memo and telephone. He was dismissed in 1970. As part of the power struggle with Frank William Gay, Hughes “Mormon Mafia” chief, to get rid of Maheu, Hughes wrote a manuscript letter to Chester Davis and Bill Gay which was published in facsimile by "Life" in January 1971; this publication provided Clifford Irving with a sample of Hughes' handwriting which he later used to attempt to forge Hughes' autobiography. Maheu sued Hughes for defamation of character for $50 million.
In the conference call on January 7, 1972 in which he denounced Irving's supposed autobiography of him as a hoax, Hughes was also asked why he fired Maheu, to which he replied:
Hughes was asked later in the conference call how he felt about Maheu, to which he replied:
As a result of the first set of statements by Hughes, Maheu sued the Hughes Tool Company (which had Hughes as its sole owner) once again, this time for libel; he won the suit, and was paid $2.8 million. However, this settlement was later overturned upon appeal.
According to Maheu associate John Gerrity, he and Maheu were summoned to Vice President Richard Nixon's office in 1954 at the behest of the National Security Council. Nixon gave Maheu a green light to employ a series of dirty tricks to wreck a pending agreement between Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis and the king of Saudi Arabia.
Central Intelligence Agency.
Maheu also worked for the Central Intelligence Agency. He would later recall: "The CIA was my first steady client, giving me 'cut-out' assignments [those jobs in which the Agency could not officially be involved]." Maheu's investigative agency was said to be the model for the television series, "".
In the summer of 1960, the CIA recruited Maheu to approach the West Coast representative of the Chicago mob, Johnny Roselli. When Maheu contacted Roselli, Maheu hid the fact that he was sent by the CIA, instead portraying himself an advocate for international corporations. He offered to pay $150,000 to have Castro killed, but Roselli declined any pay. Roselli introduced Maheu to two men he referred to as "Sam Gold" and "Joe." "Sam Gold" was Sam Giancana; "Joe" was Santo Trafficante, Jr., the Tampa, Florida boss and one of the most powerful mobsters in pre-revolution Cuba. Glenn Kessler of "The Washington Post" explained: "After Fidel Castro led a revolution that toppled a friendly government in 1959, the CIA was desperate to eliminate him. So the agency sought out a partner equally worried about Castro—the Mafia, which had lucrative investments in Cuban casinos."
In testimony before the Church Committee in 1975, Maheu confirmed his role in the assassination plot against Castro, saying that he thought the United States "was involved in a just war." CIA documents released in 2007 provided additional details of the plot.
Later life.
In 1992, Maheu published his autobiography, entitled "Next to Hughes: Behind the Power and Tragic Downfall of Howard Hughes by His Closest Advisor". Maheu died in 2008 at the age of 90 in Las Vegas. The official cause of death was heart failure.


Fernanda Young

Fernanda Maria Young de Carvalho Machado ("née" Leite Young; 1 May 1970 – 25 August 2019), commonly known as Fernanda Young, was a Brazilian writer, screenwriter, television presenter, model and actress.
Education.
Young's literary background was partly formed while crossing the Guanabara Bay by ferry or by bus. She interrupted her studies after graduating from elementary school, and then graduated from high school through a six-month substitute. She attended the Faculty of Arts of the Fluminense Federal University, without graduating. She would still study journalism at Faculdades Integradas Hélio Alonso and, after moving to São Paulo and beginning her writing career, he would become a Radio and Television student at Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado (FAAP), but would not finish any of the courses. Young later stated that she'd sworn never to step on a university campus after the experiments, but later attended Fine Arts at FAAP.
Career.
In 2013, she wrote and acted as one of the protagonists of the series "Surtadas na Yoga" ("Yoga Freaks"), with thirteen episodes in the first season. The series tells the story of three women, Jessica (Young), Ana Maria () and Marion (Anna Sophia Folch) who do yoga to "deal with the madness of the world, and their own madness". Due to its success and 115% growth in the GNT audience, in April 2014 a second season was launched with thirteen more episodes. In October 2014, after three seasons, the series was canceled.
Young posed nude for the Brazilian edition of "Playboy" magazine, launched in November 2009.
In May 2015, she released her eleventh book and the second poetry book of her career, entitled "A Mão Esquerda de Vênus" ("The Left Hand of Venus"), by Editora Globo. The launch took place at the Vermelho Gallery in São Paulo.
It was announced that she would be in the new version of "TV Mulher", a television program aimed at a female audience, with a premiere scheduled for 31 May 2016 on the Viva channel.
At the time of her death, Young was scheduled to debut a new play, "Ainda Nada de Novo" ("Still Nothing New"), on 12 September at the Cultural Center of São Paulo. The play, about two homosexual actresses, would have starred Young and .
Personal life and death.
Young was married to screenwriter and writer Alexandre Machado since 1993 and had four children: twins Cecilia Maddona and Estela May (born 2000); and two adopted children, Catarina Lakshimi (born 2008), and John Gopala (born 2009).
Young died on 25 August 2019, at the age of 49, due to an intense and sudden asthmatic crisis. Young, who had asthma since childhood and always received treatment, was staying at her family's place in Gonçalves, Minas Gerais, where she went to visit them. After the crisis started, she passed out in her bedroom. An ambulance was called, and she was taken to the nearest hospital, located in the city of Paraisópolis. She died of respiratory and cardiac arrest just over an hour after being admitted into ICU. Young was buried in Congonhas Cemetery, in the southern zone of São Paulo, the city where she had lived for fifteen years.


George Kenway


My Hindu Friend

My Hindu Friend is a 2015 Brazilian drama film, directed and written by Hector Babenco, starring Willem Dafoe, Maria Fernanda Cândido, Bárbara Paz, Selton Mello and Reynaldo Gianecchini.
It was released on 3 March 2016.
Plot.
Diego (Willem Dafoe) is a film director who is diagnosed with cancer and, while hospitalized, meets and befriends a Hindu 8-year-old boy who is also a patient at the hospital.


2009 Gianh River boat accident

The 2009 Gianh River boat accident occurred on 25 January 2009 on the Gianh River near Quảng Hải Village, in the Quảng Trạch District of Quảng Bình Province in Vietnam. A wooden boat sank 20 meters from the shore in strong currents during windy conditions. There were reportedly over 80 people on board, yet the boat was capable of carrying only 20. The accident caused 42 deaths and five people were missing. The Prime Minister of Vietnam sent his condolences to the victims' families. The government of Quảng Bình Province decided to cancel the fireworks supposed to take place at midnight the same day, on the eve of Tết, the New Year Day in Vietnam.
Background.
On January 25, 2009, approximately 40 people drowned when an overloaded ferry sank in the Gianh River early in the morning. According to witnesses, the small ferry was carrying about 80 people, though it was only meant to carry 20. Most of the victims were women and children, including 3 women that were pregnant. At least 36 passengers survived, a few by swimming to shore and others being rescued, but several are still missing. According to Luong Ngoc Binh, provincial communist party chief, "The waves on the river were big, the wind was strong and it was cold, so it was very difficult for people to survive." The boat was crowded because people were trying to cross the river to get to the market. They were rushing to buy things for the Lunar New Year festivities.
The tragedy happened on the eve of the Tet Lunar New Year, the biggest annual festival in Vietnam. It was supposed to reunite families for celebration meals and to pray for good luck in the year ahead. According to Phan Lam Phuong, the governor of Quang Binh, “It’s a tragedy for the province, it should have been time to celebrate the Lunar New Year.” The provincial government decided to cancel the Lunar New Year fireworks show. It was one of the worst ferry accidents in Quang Binh province.
According to Vietnamese News Agency, following the event, the Ministry of Transport suggested that the Chairman of Quang Binh region determine who was to blame for the tragedy. Some families of the victims were upset that the construction of a bridge was supposed to be finished two years before the accident. The bridge was to be constructed around one kilometer from the accident site and might have prevented the tragedy. Phan Thanh Ha, provincial police chief of Quang Binh said, “Authorities will give 10 million dong ($600) to the families of each victim.”
Gianh River is a river located in the Quang Binh region of Vietnam's North Central Coast. It is the biggest river in Quang Binh, so the residents call it the mother river. Gianh River's water can be clear and still, but its average steepness is 19.2%. So, throughout the flood season from September to November, the stream is brutal. According to the magazine Vietnam Heritage, “Quang Binh people say only those who have witnessed the crest of its floods know its power and ferocity.” The river may be dangerous when it comes to flooding, and in 2009, 40 lives were lost due to a boat capsizing.


Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)

Suicide (Purple Jumping Man) is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist, Andy Warhol. It is currently in the collection of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art in Tehran.
History.
During 1970s Iran's oil revenue had increased and the king and queen of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Diba decided to establish a museum of contemporary art in order to modernize their country. "Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)" was among the paintings that Tony Shafrazi, the Iranian-born American art dealer, bought for the collection of this museum.
At that time, Andy Warhol was interested in the idea and painted portraits of the king and his wife.
Style.
"Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)" depicts two images in sequence, recorded by a documentary photographer, silk-screened in black ink on a purple ground.
According to Tony Shafrazi, "Suicide (Purple Jumping Man)" is one of the greatest works of Warhol. Shafrazi estimates the painting's value at 70 million dollars.


List of death row inmates in the United States

As of October 1, 2020, there were 2,553 death row inmates in the United States. The number of death row inmates changes frequently with new convictions, appellate decisions overturning conviction or sentence alone, commutations, or deaths (through execution or otherwise). Due to this fluctuation as well as lag and inconsistencies in inmate reporting procedures across jurisdictions, the information in this article may be out of date.
Demographics.
Ethnicity of defendants on death row.
Comparatively, the U.S. population is 61% non-Hispanic white, 18.1% Hispanic or Latino, 13.4% African-American, 5.8% Asian, 1.3% Native American, and 2.7% mixed (per U.S. Census Bureau 2018).
Gender of defendants on death row.
Comparatively, 50.8% of the U.S. population is female, and 49.2% is male (USCB 2018).
Education.
Comparatively, 12.19% of U.S. adults have less than a high school diploma or GED.
Mental illness.
Comparatively, it is estimated that 4.2% of American adults have a serious mental illness.
List of death row inmates by jurisdiction.
Federal.
Due to the high number of federal death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Alabama.
Due to the high number of Alabama death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
American Samoa.
Capital punishment exists as a punishment in American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States, but does not have a prescribed method of execution. No executions have been imposed or performed since the territory gained self-governance in 1949; the last executions occurred in the late 1930s, when the island was under the control of the United States Navy.
Arizona.
Due to the high number of Arizona death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Arkansas.
Due to the high number of Arkansas death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
California.
Due to the high number of California death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Florida.
Due to the high number of Florida death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Georgia.
Due to the high number of Georgia death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Kentucky.
Due to the high number of Kentucky death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Louisiana.
Due to the high number of Louisiana death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Mississippi.
Due to the high number of Mississippi death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Missouri.
Due to the high number of Missouri death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
New Hampshire.
Note: On May 30, 2019, the state Senate voted to override Governor Chris Sununu's veto on a bill that abolished the state's death penalty 16–8. Since the veto had previously been overridden by the state House of Representatives, the bill immediately became law and repealed capital punishment, replacing it with life in prison without the possibility of parole. The law was not applied retroactively and the one person on death row at the time of abolition remains there.
North Carolina.
Due to the high number of North Carolina death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Ohio.
Due to the high number of Ohio death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Oklahoma.
Due to the high number of Oklahoma death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Oregon.
Due to the high number of Oregon death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Pennsylvania.
Owing to the high number of Pennsylvania death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
South Carolina.
Due to the high number of South Carolina death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Tennessee.
Due to the high number of Tennessee death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:
Texas.
Due to the high number of Texas death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages or part of a criminal enterprise with a separate Wikipedia page are listed in this article. The full list is externally linked:
Jurisdictions without the death penalty.
Twenty-three states have abolished capital punishment. Crimes committed in these states are still eligible for the death penalty if they are convicted in federal court for violation of certain federal crimes. Capital punishment has been abolished in both New Hampshire and New Mexico but only for new sentences. Prisoners who are already sentenced to death in those states remain on death row.
States and the date of abolition of capital punishment:
Territories: