Elem Klimov

Elem Germanovich Klimov (; 9 July 1933 – 26 October 2003) was a Soviet Russian filmmaker. He studied at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, and was married to film director Larisa Shepitko. Klimov is best known in the West for his final film, 1985's "Come and See" ("Иди и смотри"), which follows a teenage boy in German-occupied Byelorussia during the Great Patriotic War and is often considered one of the greatest war films ever made. He also directed dark comedies, children's movies, and historical pictures.
Personal life.
Elem Klimov was born in Stalingrad (now Volgograd) into a Russian family, to German Stepanovich Klimov, an investigator who worked at the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and Kaleria Georgievna Klimova. His parents were staunch communists and his first name was an acronym derived from the names of Engels, Lenin and Marx. Nevertheless, his brother German Klimov stated that his name comes from Elam Harnish — a character of the "Burning Daylight" novel by Jack London, since their mother was a fan of his. During the Battle of Stalingrad, he, his mother and his baby brother were evacuated from their home and crossed the Volga on a makeshift raft. Klimov would later draw on these experiences for his 1985 film "Come and See".
In 1957, Klimov graduated from the Higher Institute of Aviation in Moscow. He considered a career in journalism before settling on cinema. He enrolled at the state film school, the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography, where he studied under acclaimed director Efim Dzigan. While a student at the institute, Klimov met Larisa Shepitko, whom he would later marry. In 1983, he was a member of the jury at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival.
He died in October 2003 from brain hypoxia after six weeks in a coma. He was buried at the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery.
Film career.
Klimov's first feature film, 1964's "Welcome, or No Trespassing" (known in the United Kingdom as "No Holiday for Inochkin") was a satire on Soviet bureaucracy in the guise of a children's summer camp adventure story. The film was briefly banned, having been deemed an insult to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; however, the ban was rescinded after Nikita Khrushchev had a private viewing and authorised its release.
Klimov's second film, "Adventures of a Dentist" (1965), was a dark (and in some ways Tatiesque) comedy about a dentist who is derided (and eventually has his life ruined) by his colleagues for his natural talent of painlessly pulling out teeth. The implication, that society inevitably ostracizes those that are gifted, horrified the censors who told Klimov to change it. When Klimov refused, the film was given the lowest classification, "category three", which meant that it was shown in only 25–78 movie theatres.
Next, Klimov began making a film about Grigori Rasputin called "Agony". The road to screening took him nine years and many rewrites. Although finished in 1975, the final edit was not released in the USSR until 1985, due to suppressive measures partly because of its orgy scenes and partly because of its relatively nuanced portrait of Emperor Nicholas II. It had been shown in western Europe a few years before. In 1976, Klimov finished a film begun by his teacher Mikhail Romm before the latter's death called "And Still I Believe...".
In 1979, Klimov's wife Larisa Shepitko died in a car accident while directing an ecological fable based on a famous novel by Valentin Rasputin called "Farewell to Matyora". A year after her death, Klimov filmed a 25-minute tribute to his wife entitled "Larisa" (1980), then went on to finish the film she had started. Despite being shelved for two years after completion, "Farewell" was still released in 1983.
His wife's death had a profound impact on Klimov. All his subsequent films were tragedies. His next film, "Come and See", was released in 1985 to worldwide acclaim and won the Golden Prize at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. The film depicts the experiences of a 15-year-old boy joining the resistance in German-occupied Byelorussia in 1943. Speaking of how the film drew on his own childhood experience of the war, Klimov said, "As a young boy, I had been in hell... Had I included everything I knew and shown the whole truth, even I could not have watched it."
In 1986, fresh from the success of "Come and See", and with the changes brought by perestroika in the air, Klimov was chosen by his colleagues to be the First Secretary of the Filmmakers' Union following the "V Congress of the Soviet Filmmakers". During the congress all previous heads of the Filmmakers' Union — including Lev Kulidzhanov, Sergei Bondarchuk, Stanislav Rostotsky and others — were overthrown in favour of "liberal" activists. According to some critics and filmmakers, the congress was conducted by Alexander Yakovlev, one of the grey cardinals of Perestroika who was unofficially presented there, consulting the activists from time to time.
Klimov's leadership saw the belated release of many of the previously banned films and the reinstatement of several directors who had fallen out of political favour. This period is widely considered as the start of decline of Soviet cinema and the rise of the so-called "chernukha", namely artists and journalists, who, freed by Glasnost, exposed Soviet reality in the most pessimistic possible light. Klimov was still frustrated by the obstacles that still remained in his way and gave up his post in 1988 to Andrei Smirnov, saying that he wanted to make films again. Klimov completed no more films after "Come and See". While he had plans to make more films in the late 1980s, he said in 2000 that he had "lost interest in making films. Everything that was possible I felt I had already done."


Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino

Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino (Palermo, May 21, 1941 – Milan, November 30, 1996), also known as "u tignusu" (the bald one) was a member of the Mafia and head of the San Lorenzo mandamento.
During the Second Mafia War in the beginning of the 1980s he was part of a "death squad" of the Corleonesi together with Mario Prestifilippo, Filippo Marchese, Vincenzo Puccio, Gianbattista Pullarà, Giuseppe Lucchese, Giuseppe Greco and Nino Madonia.
Since 1983, Gambino sat on the Sicilian Mafia Commission and was a close confidant of Totò Riina.
Gambino was involved in the killing of Antimafia magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, as well as the politician Salvo Lima in 1992, and businessman Libero Grassi who opposed extortion by the Mafia.
He was arrested and committed suicide in the San Vittore prison in Milan on November 30, 1996.


Shafiq Ades

Shafiq Ades (, ; born in 1900, died on 23 September 1948) was a wealthy Iraqi-Jewish businessman of Syrian origins. After a short show trial in 1948, he was executed by hanging on charges of selling weapons to Israel and supporting the Iraqi Communist Party.
Early life and career.
Ades was born to a wealthy family based in Aleppo, Syria. He migrated to Iraq and based himself in Basra.
His main business activity was the establishment and management of the Ford car company agency in Iraq. He further partnered with a Muslim named Naji Al-Khedhairi in purchasing military metal scrap left in Iraq by the British army, selling the unusable parts after usable parts were sold to the government of Iraq. Involved with the Ford concession in the country, Ades accumulated business and personal ties with high-profile Iraqi notables and officials and even had accessibility to the regent, 'Abd al-Ilah. The richest Jew in Iraq, Martin Gilbert writes that Ades “had lunched with Government ministers and dined with the Regent.” The Ford importer was by 1948 the wealthiest Jewish individual in Iraq. He was described by historians as a “political pragmatist” with “no time for ideologues of any stripe, least of all Zionists.”
Trial and death.
Trial and conviction.
In July 1948, Iraq made Zionist affiliation a criminal offense. When arrested, Ades was “accused simultaneously of being a Zionist and a Communist. For the main charge against him, that he had sold arms to Israel, the military court presented no evidence. He was also refused the right to a proper defense.
In a military tribunal, accused of sending cars to Israel, Ades was charged with donating money to the Iraqi Communist Party and with supporting the military efforts of Israel. He was sentenced to death and ordered to pay a fine of 5 million Dinars. The rest of his property was confiscated. Scholars Moshe Gat and Philip Mendes reached the conclusion that Ades was clearly innocent. They cite the following evidence:
His execution was set to take place several days after he was found guilty. Although hundreds of Jewish individuals were detained that summer, Ades was the only one who received a death sentence. The only Jew in his organization, he was also the only member of his business to be punished for the crime the business was convicted of.
Execution.
Following the show trial, Ades was hanged in front of his newly completed mansion in Basra on September 23, 1948. 12,000 onlookers came from all parts of Iraq to witness the hanging of the so-called "traitor." Authorities left his dead body in the square for hours and it was abused by the celebrating crowds. Mona Yahya, who had family living in Iraq at the time, later wrote about the hanging that “crowds gathered to watch the spectacle and their cheers incited the hangman to a repeat performance. The next day, close-up shots of the hanged man covered the front pages of the Iraqi newspapers. His neck was broken, his corpse dangled over his puddle of excrement. He was labelled the Serpent, the Traitor, the Spy, the Zionist, the Jew, while his estate worth millions was appropriated by the Ministry of Defense."
Aftermath.
With one historian calling it the "greatest shock to the Jewish community [of Iraq]," the execution of Ades came as a profound shock to the Jewish community. As he was an assimilated and non-Zionist Jew, the affair significantly reduced support for assimilation into Iraqi society and increased support for emigration as a solution to the crisis in the Iraqi Jewish community. The Jewish community general sentiment was that if a man as well connected and powerful as Shafiq Ades could be eliminated by the state, other Jews would not be protected any longer. The Israeli National Archives has written that after Ades’ September 1948 hanging under false accusations, as well as other legal repressions such as travel bans, “the persecutions caused many Jews to secretly cross the border to Iran and from there escape to Israel.”
By October following his execution, all Jews were dismissed from their government positions in the Iraqi government, totaling around 1,500 people.
The assets confiscated from the Egyptian branch of his family were valued at over 1.4 million Egyptian pounds. Most of the assets confiscated were through David Ades & Son, which operated in Cairo and Alexandria. The family's private property was also confiscated by the Iraqi government. As of 2001, a children's store with the Ades name continued to operate in Cairo, under ownership of the Iraqi government.
Legacy.
There are streets in the Israeli cities of Ramla, Petah Tikva and Herzelia that are named after Ades.


Sergeant Cribb (character)


HybriCell

HybriCell is a therapeutic vaccine developed by Brazilian immunologist Jose Alexandre Barbuto. The treatment, which inhibits the division of cancer cells, is aimed at patients in later stages of kidney cancer or melanoma. The vaccine works by extracting certain leukocytes from the patient's blood and merging them with cancer cells, enabling the body to recognize and attack other similar cancer cells. In studies conducted in 2001 and 2003, 80% of test subjects showed improvement without harmful side effects. Though test groups were relatively small, the results of the studies show evidence that the drug is effective.
Procedure.
To create the vaccine, blood is drawn from the patient and monocytes specific to the patient are separated from the blood via apheresis. Dendritic cells are then derived by adding cytokines to the extracted monocytes. The dendritic cells are then fused with tumor cells through electrofusion, creating a "hybrid cell" of tumor and dendritic cells. These hybrid cells are then injected back into the patient. The hybrid cells are recognized by the body's immune system and these cells and cells like it are marked for destruction. The tumor cells, which were previously unrecognized by the body's immune system are subsequently attacked. The entire procedure takes up to 30 days to complete.
Each vaccine is specific to that patient. Though not a preventative measure, the vaccine's creator, Dr. Barbuto, predicted that the vaccine would be even more effective in patients in earlier stages of cancer. The vaccine is administered in conjunction with other cancer-preventative measures such as chemotherapy.
Clinical trials.
, two studies have been conducted on this drug and its effects on renal cancer and melanoma. From March 2001 until March 2003, a study involving 35 people was done involving 13 melanoma and 22 renal carcinoma patients. In 2004, another study was done involving another 35 people. Over time, more patients were added to the study and it the test group eventually grew to beyond 100 participants. Overall, it was found that 80% of patients in these studies showed improvement without any side effects. Many of these patient's life expectancies were extended by as much as four times their original life expectancy.


Charles T. Booher

Charles T. Booher (July 30, 1959 – January 14, 2005), was an American engineer.
In November 2003, he was indicted by the United States for threatening to injure and kill employees of a Canadian company, DM Contact Management Ltd., who he believed were responsible for sending him large amounts of spam, and causing pop-up ads every few minutes on his work computer, many touting penis enlargement, and refusing to stop. He was released on $75,000 bond, and faced a possible sentence of 5 years in prison and a $250,000 fine.
On January 14, 2005, he committed suicide by asphyxiation with helium.


Charles Mainor

Charles Mainor (born January 23, 1967) is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 31st Legislative District. Mainor is a police detective in Jersey City. He succeeded L. Harvey Smith, who did not seek re-election in 2009.
Mainor graduated from New Jersey City University with a B.S. degree in criminal justice. He ran unsuccessfully for the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders twice before his election to the Assembly in 2009.
Legislative career.
In the Assembly, Mainor served as chair of the Law and Public Safety Committee. He was also a member of the Consumer Affairs Committee, Transportation and Independent Authorities Committee, and the Joint Committee on Housing Affordability.
After being easily re-elected in 2011 and 2013, Mainor originally sought re-election to the Assembly in the June 2015 despite losing the support of the Hudson County Democratic Committee and Jersey City Mayor Steve Fulop. Ultimately, he dropped out before the Democratic primary election.


Carlos Santiago Nino

Carlos Santiago Nino (1943–1993) was an Argentine moral, legal and political philosopher.
Biography.
Nino studied law at the University of Buenos Aires and at the University of Oxford, where he received his Ph.D. in 1977 with a thesis directed by John Finnis and Tony Honoré.
Nino began his academic activity in the early 1970s, concentrating on some traditional issues in jurisprudence, such as the concept of a legal system, the interpretation of the law, the debate between legal positivism and natural law, and the concept of validity. After realizing the need to clarify the normative problems involved in some of those issues, he was led to embrace a model based on the explicit adoption of principles of justice and social morality, rejecting the predominant German-inspired "dogmatic" approach. This signaled the beginning of his philosophical investigations, which were always oriented to practical issues, and marked by a distinctively analytical approach. His need to provide a liberal justification for criminal law practice thus lead him to moral philosophy, and to the development of an original "consensual" theory of punishment which combined the merits of the retributive and utilitarian (see deterrence) varieties while avoiding their respective difficulties. Similarly, the problems presented by the characterization of criminal conduct stimulated his work in the field of philosophy of action.
During the early 1980s, after the restoration of democracy, Nino became engaged in politics, serving as personal assistant to President Raúl Alfonsín and as coordinator of his newly created "Consejo para la consolidación de la democracia", a special committee for the study and design of institutional reforms. His theoretical activities, however, were not forgotten: in 1984 he published his monumental "Ética y derechos humanos", dedicated to Alfonsín, where he provided a comprehensive exposition of his moral thought; divided in three parts, it dealt with normative and applied ethics, as well as with meta-ethics. This last field he expanded in a separate volume, where he adopted a constructivist approach that attempted to derive his fundamental ethical principles from the presuppositions of moral discourse, in a manner that put him, as he said, "between Rawls and Habermas". These substantive principles, comprising the nucleus of a theory that aspired to capture the essential components of political liberalism, were the principle of autonomy, the principle of inviolability, and the principle of dignity. The first expressed Nino's conception of the good: those things, and those things only, that were valued by the individual in question. The second imposed deontological restrictions to the pursuit of that good, prohibiting the sacrifice of some to achieve the benefit of others. The third principle allowed for individual consent, thus permitting persons to waive the rights recognized by the second one.
With this solid normative foundation, Nino went to tackle some practical issues, such as abortion, capital punishment, and drug regulation. On the former, he proposed a gradualist approach similar to the American one, recognizing rights to the fetuses only when they showed the cognitive and affective capacities necessary for considering them moral persons. As regards death penalty, he was firmly opposed to it—as he was to the criminalization of drug consumption.
While on trip to La Paz, Bolivia in 1993 to work on the reform of the Bolivian constitution, Nino had an asthma attack and subsequently died. This tragedy killed a man who appeared to be at the peak of his productivity: the year before he had published two books, served as editor to two others, and had given the manuscripts of a couple more to his friend Owen Fiss, who assumed the responsibility of readying them for publication. "The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy" and "Radical Evil on Trial" saw the light in 1996. In the first he developed his "epistemic justification" of deliberative democracy, arguing that democratic deliberation provides better reasons to believe in the validity of moral norms than private reflection. The second is a moving personal description of the military junta trials; it provides a testimony to his unique ability to approach public affairs with both philosophical sophistication and political commitment.


List of shootings in Texas

This is a list of shootings in Texas. This list details homicides committed with firearms in the state of Texas that have a Wikipedia article for the killing, the killer, or a related subject.


Ed Edmondson (politician)

Edmond Augustus Edmondson (April 7, 1919 – December 8, 1990) was a U.S. politician from Oklahoma. He served 10 terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1953 to 1973. He was defeated in U.S. Senate elections in Oklahoma three times in 1972, 1974, and 1978.
Early life.
He was born and raised in Muskogee, Oklahoma, where he attended public school before going on to attend Muskogee Junior College. Following graduation from the University of Oklahoma in 1940, he joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation, serving as a special agent until 1943. From 1943 to 1946, he served in the United States Navy and continued in the reserves until 1970. He earned a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1947.
Political career.
He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1953 to 1973. In the 1972 election, he was a candidate for the U.S. Senate, but narrowly lost the general election to former Governor Dewey F. Bartlett.
Edmondson did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
In the 1974 election, he ran for the state's other U.S. Senate seat, losing to incumbent Henry Bellmon by less than 1 percent of the vote. In the 1978 election, he made a surprise late entry in the U.S. Senate race, losing the Democratic primary runoff to popular Governor David L. Boren by a wide margin.
Family.
He and his wife June had five children, including their sons, Oklahoma Supreme Court Justice James E. Edmondson, and former Oklahoma Attorney General Drew Edmondson. His brother was J. Howard Edmondson, a former Governor of Oklahoma and U.S. Senator. He died in Muskogee, Oklahoma on December 8, 1990. In 2003, the federal courthouse in Muskogee was renamed the Ed Edmondson United States Courthouse in his honor.


Abram Pinkenson

Abram Vladimirovich "Musya" Pinkenson (December 5, 1930, Bălți, Bessarabia, Romania (today Moldova) - November 1942, Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai, USSR (today Russia) was a Soviet pioneer and schoolboy who was shot by the German occupying forces in 1942.
Biography.
Abram was the son of a doctor, Vladimir Borisovich Pinkenson, and his wife, Feni Moiseevna. His family had a long background in medicine, and one of his ancestors was the first physician of the Bălți district hospital at its inception in 1882.
At a young age, Abram learned to play the violin, and when he was five years old, a local newspaper described him as a violin prodigy. In 1941, Vladimir Pinkenson was assigned to a military hospital in Ust-Labinsk in the USSR. In the summer of 1942, after the start of Operation Barbarossa, the town of Ust-Labinsk was overrun by invading German troops, and there was no time to evacuate the hospital. Soon afterwards, Pinkenson and his family – who were Jewish – were arrested. In November 1942, they were taken to the banks of the river Kuban to be executed. While waiting to be lined up for execution, Abram began to play "The Internationale" on his violin. He was promptly shot to death by a German soldier.
After the end of World War II, Abram Pinkenson became widely known through articles in the Soviet press and radio. In particular, an article describing his deeds and heroic death was published in the newspaper "Pravda" in 1945. It was picked up not only in many parts of the Soviet Union, but also in Europe and America. At the place of the execution of the young violinist, an obelisk was erected. It was replaced by a concrete monument in the late 1970s.


John Proctor (FBI agent)

John Hameter Proctor, Jr. (April 19, 1926 in Reform, Alabama - May 30, 1999 in Meridian, Mississippi) was an American FBI agent (1951-1978) and US Navy Veteran from 1944 to 1946 and served during World War II. He was most famous for his role in investigating the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in 1964.
Proctor had been stationed by the FBI in Meridian, Mississippi where he cultivated contacts with local law enforcement, the Ku Klux Klan, and other residents. Proctor's interrogation of Klan informant James Jordan was a key break in the case.
The character of FBI agent Rupert Anderson from the film "Mississippi Burning", played by Gene Hackman, is loosely based on Proctor.
Death.
John Proctor died at the Queen City Nursing Home in Meridian, Mississippi on May 30, 1999 of heart failure at the age of 73, leaving behind a wife and three children.


Francisco Guerrero (comics)

Francisco "Pancho" Guerrero, Jr., also known as El Gato Negro, is a fictional character and comic book superhero created by Richard Dominguez and published by Azteca Productions. The character made his first appearance in "El Gato Negro #1" (October 1993).
Grandson of the original El Gato Negro, a former luchador-turned-adventurer, Francisco works as a social worker in Edinburg, Texas and devotes most of his free time to community service. Driven by the gruesome murder of his best friend at the hands of drug-smugglers, Francisco becomes the new El Gato Negro in order to wage war on crime. Unlike most superheroes, he possesses no superpowers and instead makes use of his own athletic abilities, accumulative knowledge, detective skills to fight crime. Operating throughout Lower Rio Grande Valley, he is assisted by several supporting characters including his grandfather Agustin Guerrero and weapons-mechanic expert Antonio Trujillo, and fights an assortment of villains ranging from common criminals to outlandish supervillains. Despite being popular with the citizens of his community, El Gato Negro is constantly being hunted by local law enforcement and sensationalized as a menace to society by the media. El Gato Negro is known to perform his vigilante activities under the cover of darkness, earning him the nickname The Nocturnal Warrior, a term which first appeared in within the comics in "El Gato Negro" #3 (Nov. 1995).
The character's debut series was met with critical success but lasted only four issues. After a seven-year hiatus, El Gato Negro later returned to be published in a new second series entitled, """. El Gato Negro's popularity has landed him guest-starring roles in several publications and other media including being featured in Mountain Dew's "Do the Dew"" Tour. Dominguez is currently in-talks for a possible live-action film adaption based on the character.
Publication history.
Creation and conception.
El Gato Negro was conceived by Richard Dominguez sometime in the mid-to-late '80s and was originally intended to debut in a largely Mexican-American or Latino superhero group called Team Tejas. Dominguez later placed Team Tejas on hold to focus on the development of the El Gato Negro character, as he recalls:
The name "El Gato Negro" originated from an abandoned settlement by the name of "El Gato", which was located south of Pharr, Texas. Dominguez would later devise the character's secret identity, Francisco Guerrero, to have direct ties to the Mexican Revolution. The character's given name came from Mexican revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa, while the surname Guerrero was mainly chosen for its English-translation "warrior", although Dominguez has hinted at a more historical significance:
El Gato Negro would become grounded in Mexican and Tejano folklore and popular culture, including a large influence from the Lucha Libre traditions. Various aspects of the character's personality and visual design were directly inspired by some of Dominguez's favorite comic book superheroes including The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing and most noticeably Batman. He also drew inspiration from Walter B. Gibson's "The Shadow" and Johnston McCulley's "Zorro", as well as Lee Falk's comic strip "The Phantom". Elements from Japanese animation, manga, and martial arts films also aided in the development of El Gato Negro's costume design and equipment. The example of Judge Margarito Garza's Relampago character helped Dominguez pursue his creation in a self-published format.
Publication.
Francisco Guerrero made his first published appearance in "El Gato Negro" #1 written and illustrated by Dominguez in 1993. The first three-part story-arc ""Unknown passing, Unforgettable Return" introduced El Graduado, a notorious villain intent on making a large drug-trafficking deal in South Texas in order to gain a seat with the criminal organization known as The Annulus. El Graduado's best efforts are consistently thwarted by El Gato Negro until a final confrontation in which the criminal is apprehended and last seen awaiting trial. The debut series proved popular, and a fourth issue soon followed featuring a subplot involving Judge Garza's Relampago character, his first appearance in print after nearly fifteen years. The fourth issue titled "Enter: The Dogs of War!" occurs just weeks after the events of the first story-arc. The issue involved two hired mercenaries intent on killing El Gato Negro. Francisco, exhausted from his vigilante activities, barely survived his first encounter with the deadly duo, which resulted in near inter-cranial injury. A fifth issue tentatively titled "And Now...Relampago"" was due for release, but the comic was put on hiatus ending the last issue with a cliffhanger. There are currently plans to release a trade-paperback compilation featuring of the original series which will include the unpublished issue, thereby resolving the storyline.
El Gato Negro returned in 2004 under the new series ""El Gato Negro: Nocturnal Warrior" after a seven-year hiatus. Dominguez enlisted the aid of Michael S. Moore to serve as writer and co-plotter of the new series (having previously worked together on the first published issue of "Team Tejas") and artist Efren Molina. The combination of Moore's writing style and Molina's pencils have given the new series a much darker tone than its predecessor, to which Dominguez explains:
The new four-part "Legacy" storyline will retell the history of El Gato Negro and introduces a new villain in his ever-increasing rogues gallery, a blind assassin, known as El Observador.
Fictional character history.
In El Gato Negro’s first appearance in "El Gato Negro" #1, he is already an established crime-fighter. According to his origin story, Francisco was raised by his grandfather, Agustin Guerrero, his parents having died in a traffic collision. Francisco studied diligently in school, eventually graduating from South Texas College with a major in sociology, a minor in psychology and earned a master's degree in political science. After completing his education, Francisco decided to look after his grandfather and became a prominent social worker in Edinburg, Texas. Francisco adopted the moniker of El Gato Negro shortly after the death of his childhood friend Mario Bustamonte, a border patrol officer who was overpowered and murdered by several drug-runners. During the months Francisco operated as El Gato Negro, he instantly became popular with the citizens of the Lower Rio Grande Valley. However, the media began vilifying his vigilante activities and to make matters worse El Gato Negro is constantly pursued by police Captain Miguel Bustamone, Francisco's friend and Mario's older brother.
In the first El Gato Negro storyline "Unknown Passing, Unforgettable Return"" #1-3, Francisco encountered Armando Ochoa, better known in the criminal underworld as "El Graduado". Being the son of the successful businessman and drug lord Ignacio Ochoa, El Graduado planned to take his father's place amongst a criminal organization known as The Annulus, which makes a yearly summit in South America. In order to impress the Annulus, El Graduado was to make a large drug-trafficking deal in Texas.
After being consistently thwarted by the hero, El Graduado kidnapped his former girlfriend Narcilina Montoya and Francisco's grandfather. Holding both of them at Guerrero’s Produce, El Graduado offered Agustin him the position as a silent partner in his drug trade. After refusing to help him, Agustin is taken outside to be executed. Francisco frantically rushes to the Guerrero's Produce building and is surprised to find his grandfather in his old El Gato Negro costume. With their efforts along with the aid of the Texas rangers, they are able to subdue the villain El Graduado. El Gato Negro finally earned the respect of Miguel Bustamonte, but he continues to hunt the hero regardless, believing his purposes to be noble, but his methods dangerous.
In 1997’s ""Enter: The Dogs of War!" storyline from "El Gato Negro" #4 Francisco suffered his greatest defeat at the hands of the Briones Brothers. As El Gato Negro, Francisco is shown to have become overconfident in his abilities and spending more sleepless nights watching over the valley. In revenge for the incarceration of El Graduado, Boss Ochoa enlisted the aid of his nephews, known as The Dogs of War to assassinate the Nocturnal Warrior. Francisco's overwhelming fatigue slowed him in their battle and he was nearly beaten to death. Despite suffering from near inter-cranial injury, he managed to drag himself home, where he collapsed in the arms of his grandfather.
In the ongoing "Legacy" storyline from "El Gato Negro: Nocturnal Warrior" #1-4, El Graduado has been released from police custody and is enlisting rival mob bosses and street gangs to join his crime family in order to become the main drug supplier for the Annulus. Those who disagree are slaughtered by the blind mercenary and assassin El Observador, who is currently under the payroll of the Ochoa crime family.
Personality and characterization.
El Gato Negro's personality can be characterized by his prowess in combat, highly skilled deductive abilities, a highly instilled sense of idealism and strict moral code. Adopting the persona of a Black Cat, the hero is loosely associated with superstition, bringing bad luck to those who would do evil. He uses darkness to evoke a strong psychological impact among the guilty, often taunting them while he hides in the shadows unseen. El Gato Negro uses any force necessary to apprehend criminals but never so far as to kill them.
Francisco Guerrero.
In his secret identity, El Gato Negro is Francisco Guerrero, known for his generous charity and willingness to go out of his way to help others. He is also Catholic, who believes in aiding his community. Francisco carries the mantle of El Gato Negro as a heavy burden, one which robs him of his social life. According to "El Gato Negro" #1, Francisco gets "This queasy feeling in my gut when I do these 'deed's...but I get an awfully bad one if I don't do anything about it!"" He often ponders whether or not his existence as El Gato Negro is a sin of pride or genuine necessity and has, on occasion, snuck into his local church confessional to talk with the padre.
Skills, abilities and resources.
Unlike the average comic book superhero, El Gato Negro has no superpowers or abilities out of the normal human spectrum. Instead he makes use of his extensive training in martial arts, lucha libre, tactical weaponry and is assisted by several supporting characters, including his grandfather. While the original El Gato Negro relied more heavily on his fighting ability, Francisco's incarnation of El Gato Negro has a wide-variety of technology to choose from.
Costume and equipment.
Francisco's suit design differs significantly from that of his grandfather's, which was more typical for the Lucha Libre traditions. His entire suit is made of a breatheable material described as "similar to biker's shorts", the nose and cat-like ears of his mask being reinforced with synthetic leather. The ears of the headpiece also serve to amplify the slightest sound and are able to retain their cup-shape despite being folded or bent. Inside each one of the ears is a battery compartment that powers the mask's lenses, modified from night vision goggles. The suit was designed by Francisco and his friend Antonio Trujillo.
El Gato's weapon of choice is the shuriken or "Flying Cat's Claw". The shurikens are made of steel and are no bigger than 2½" by 3/32", each one having 8 sharp barbs with a chisel-like tip. Francisco's suit can conceal a total of 8 Cat Claws in special compartments in his boots and gloves. El Gato will only use the Flying Cat Claws if he or someone else is in immediate danger. These modified shurikens were designed by both Francisco and James Takayuki. Other weapons in El Gato Negro's arsenal include two stylized batons which secretly adhere to the back of his costume.
The Gatocycle.
A heavily modified motorcycle constructed by Antonio Trujillo. The Gatocycle has a four stroke, four cylinder engine with twin over-head camshaft and 4 mikuni 40 SS Carburettors, with a max power of 156 HP at 10,000 RPM and max torque of 12Kgm at 9,000 RPM. The vehicle was wrecked shortly after its introduction while El Gato Negro was in a high-speed pursuit, and later Antonio Trujillo begrudgingly reconstructed it.
Supporting characters.
Much of El Gato Negro's character is defined by the supporting characters that surround him as well as their interactions between each other. The most important supporting role in the El Gato Negro mythos is filled by Agustin Guerrero. The few characters who know of El Gato Negro’s secret identity include mechanic Antonio Trujillo and martial artist James Takayuki, both of whom supply the hero with equipment. Other supporting characters include Miguel Bustamonte, a recurring character since his first introduction, and pool shark informant Enrique “Rata” Armendariz. Narcilina Montoya is a recurring love interest, although Francisco’s activities as El Gato Negro often prevent him from pursuing a more meaningful relationship.
El Gato Negro is known to join forces with fellow superheroes in order to reach a shared goal. He is close friends with the hero Relampago and an ally of Team Tejas, despite his refusal to join the government-funded group. El Gato Negro has also been known to team-up with the anti-hero known as L-7, despite their differing views on vigilante justice. He has often been paired up with characters outside of the Azteca Productions' universe, such as Hector Cantú and Carlos Castellanos' Baldo as well as guest-starring in David Álvarez's "Yenny", although these are usually deemed non-continuity storylines.
Enemies.
El Gato Negro’s enemies vary from common thugs to outlandish supervillains, some of which have tragic origin stories leading them to a life of crime, while others are simply fueled by their own greed, lust for power, or desire to cause as much chaos as possible. Recurring antagonists include El Graduado, The Dogs of War, Boss Ochoa, El Observador, Dirge, Spring-Heeled Jack, Graveyard, The Anaconda, and Autoheist.
In other media.
Film.
As of January 2016,Richard Dominguez is currently working with writer-turned-director, Michael S. Moore in directing and filming a live-action short-film adaptation titled "El Gato Negro:Prey".


Arizona v. Johnson

Arizona v. Johnson, 555 U.S. 323 (2009), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, by unanimous decision, that police may conduct a pat down search of a passenger in an automobile that has been lawfully stopped for a minor traffic violation, provided the police reasonably suspect the passenger is armed and dangerous.
Background.
Tucson, Arizona, police officers were patrolling a neighborhood associated with the Crips street gang when they stopped a vehicle because its registration had been suspended. Officers noticed that Lemon Montrea Johnson, the vehicle's backseat passenger, looked back and kept his eyes on the officers as they approached, that he was wearing a blue bandana (consistent with Crips membership), and that he had a police scanner in his pocket. While in the car, Johnson stated that he was from a town the officer knew to be associated with the Crips gang, and also admitted that had served a prison sentence for burglary and had been out for about a year.
The police asked Johnson to exit and step away from the car because they wanted to question him and gather gang intelligence; after he complied, the police patted him down because they believed that he was armed and dangerous, based on their observations and Johnson's statements. The pat down search revealed a gun, and Johnson was arrested.
The trial court denied Johnson's motion to dismiss. On appeal, the Arizona Court of Appeals reversed, concluding that Johnson's detention had evolved into a consensual encounter, because the police investigation into his gang affiliation was unrelated to the traffic stop. The Arizona Supreme Court denied review, and the U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari.
Question presented.
Whether a police officer may search a vehicle stopped for a minor traffic offense, when the officer has no reason to believe the passenger is committing, or has committed a crime, but reasonably suspects the driver is armed and dangerous?
Opinion of the Court.
The police may lawfully stop and detain an automobile and its occupants pending an inquiry into a minor traffic violation, and may conduct a pat down search of an occupant if the police reasonably suspect that the individual is armed and dangerous
During a traffic stop, the police may order occupants to exit the vehicle pending completion of the stop. A police officer may pat down a driver once he exits a vehicle if the officer reasonably believes that the driver is armed and dangerous. Passengers are seized under the Fourth Amendment once the vehicle they're in, when stopped by the police, comes to a complete stop on the side of the road, and therefore have standing to challenge the constitutionality of the traffic stop.
The Court disagreed with the state appeals court's characterization of Johnson's encounter with the police as consensual. It quoted the dissenting state appellate court judge, who noted that the pat down occurred shortly after the car had been stopped, and that Johnson would not reasonably have felt he was free to leave at the time of the pat down.
The Court observed that a seizure occurs when the police stop a car for a traffic violation, and the seizure continues and is usually reasonable until the police inform the car's occupants that they're free to leave. In addition, questioning by the police about a matter unrelated to the traffic stop does not make the stop unlawful, as long as those inquiries do not measurably extend the duration of the stop.
Here, the traffic stop communicated to Johnson that he was not free to leave, and nothing prior to the pat down indicated otherwise. The police were not required to give Johnson the opportunity to leave without ensuring that he was not armed and dangerous.
The judgment of the Arizona Court of Appeals was reversed, and the case was remanded for further proceedings.


The Raising of the Cross

The Raising of the Cross is part of the Crucifixion of Jesus, and has been a distinct subject of Christian art.
Notable depictions include "The Elevation of the Cross" by Peter Paul Rubens and "The Raising of the Cross" by Rembrandt.
In John's gospel, Jesus predicted that he would be "lifted up from the earth" (John 12:32) in order to draw all men to himself. John notes that Jesus was referring to his death (John 12:33).


John White (New Zealand politician)

John White (1830 – 4 September 1876) was a 19th-century member of the House of Representatives from the West Coast, New Zealand.
White was born in England in 1830, the son of Richard White of London. He came to Hokitika as a purser for the Intercolonial Steamship Company running the Panama route and remained there as the company's shipping agent.
He gained a public profile through his intelligent letters to the editor, which he signed with his own name; at the time, it was common for writers to use pen names. After Hokitika was incorporated as a borough council in August 1868, White stood for election in October of that year and was returned as one of the new councillors. He resigned a year later to become a member of the Westland County Council (a predecessor of Westland Province), where he served as a member from 10 November 1869 to 8 December 1870.
White and Edmund Barff contested the general election held on 25 January in the electorate, with White being successful. He represented the electorate until the end of the term in 1875 when he retired. He was known in the House as "Honest John".
When the Westland Province was inaugurated, White stood for election in January 1874 for one of the three seats in the Hokitika electorate and was returned at the head of the poll. He remained a member of the provincial council until his death. He was the first Speaker of the Provincial Council (24 February 1874 – 8 June 1874) until he resigned to become a member of the short-lived first Westland Executive Council in June 1874. The Provincial Council was adjourned after three sessions in April 1875 and never met again before it was abolished shortly after White's death. Hence, White had practically retired from public life when he retired from the House of Representatives.
He died at his residence in Revell Street in Hokitika on 4 September 1876 from asthma after a short illness of about four weeks. The funeral service was held at St Mary's Catholic Church and he was buried at Hokitika Cemetery.


Asha Rangappa

Asha Rangappa (born 1974) is an American lawyer, senior lecturer at Yale University’s Jackson Institute for Global Affairs, and a commentator on CNN. She was previously an Associate Dean at Yale Law School.""
Early life.
Rangappa was born in the United States to parents from Karnataka, India who immigrated to the US in 1970. She told "Elle" that her parents "came under a provision where the government was specially looking for doctors," under the 1965 Hart-Celler Act. Her father is an anesthesiologist and worked at a Virginia army base. Her mother is an accountant. As a child she participated in beauty pageants.
She grew up in Hampton, Virginia and graduated from Kecoughtan High School. She graduated "cum laude" with a A.B. from the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs in 1996 after completing a 136-page long senior thesis, titled "The Rule of Law: Reconciling, Judicial Institution Building and U.S. Counternarcotics Policy in Colombia", under the supervision of John Dilulio. Following graduation, she was awarded a Fulbright scholarship, studying constitutional reform in Bogotá, Colombia. She attended Yale Law School and did an internship with the US Attorneys office in Baltimore. She graduated in 2000 and took a clerkship serving the Honorable Juan R. Torruella on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in San Juan, Puerto Rico. In 2003 she was admitted to the state bars of New York and Connecticut.
Career.
In 2001, Rangappa began her FBI training in Quantico, Virginia.
After graduation from Quantico Academy, she moved to New York City where she took a job as an FBI special agent, specializing in counterintelligence investigations, and became one of the first Indian Americans to hold the position.
In 2005, Rangappa left the FBI to get married and have children. She returned to Yale to become an associate dean of its law school. Currently she serves as a director of admissions at Jackson Institute for Global Affairs. She has taught at Yale University, Wesleyan University, and University of New Haven, teaching National Security Law and related courses.
She has published op-eds in "HuffPost," "The Washington Post", "The New York Times", "Time", "The Atlantic", and "The Wall Street Journal." She has appeared on BBC, NPR, and other networks as a commentator. She serves as a legal and national security analyst for CNN.
Rangappa is a member of the board of directors for the South Asian Bar Association of Connecticut, the Connecticut Society of Former FBI Agents, and the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame.
Personal life.
Rangappa married a fellow FBI agent in 2005; they later divorced. She lives in Hamden, Connecticut with her son and daughter.


Charlotte Coleman

Charlotte Ninon Coleman (3 April 1968 – 14 November 2001) was an English actress best known for playing Scarlett in the film "Four Weddings and a Funeral", Jess in the television drama "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit", and her childhood roles of Sue in "Worzel Gummidge" and the character Marmalade Atkins.
Early life.
Coleman was the first of two daughters born to actress Ann Beach and Canadian-born television producer Francis Coleman. Her younger sister is the actress Lisa Coleman. She was educated at Camden School for Girls, from which she was expelled. Outside regular school hours she attended classes at the Anna Scher Theatre School in Islington, north London, because she said she was "too cool" to go to the Brownies.
At 15, feeling that her upbringing had been too liberal, since her parents "didn't believe in restraint", Coleman enrolled at Dartington Hall School in Devon. It was a very progressive school where pupils "didn't have to go to any lessons, so I didn't. I spent 15 grand, all my money, and it was just stupid really". After this, she attended cookery school.
Career.
Coleman's first major television role was as Sue in Southern Television's "Worzel Gummidge". This ran for four seasons (and a Christmas special) from 1978 to 1981 on the ITV network. Other early work included "A Choice of Evils" ("Play for Today", BBC, 1977) and "Two People" (London Weekend Television, 1979), as Emma Moffatt). She had a crush on Stephen Garlick, her co-star in "Two People". For the role, she had to choose a stuffed toy for Emma to carry; she named it "Haggis" and still had it when interviewed in 1990.
This was soon followed by her role as the teenage rebel Marmalade Atkins, firstly in "Marmalade Atkins in Space" (a one-off drama shown in 1981), and then in two series, "Educating Marmalade" (1982–83) and "Danger: Marmalade at Work" (1984). All three were made by Thames Television and written by Andrew Davies.
In 1990, Coleman appeared as Jess, a teenage girl from Lancashire brought up by a strict Pentecostal mother, in the BBC television drama "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit", based on Jeanette Winterson's novel of the same name. Coleman won a Royal Television Society, Best Actress award and was nominated for a BAFTA for her portrayal of the young lesbian character. She also read the novel for release by BBC Audiobooks.
Other television appearances in the 1980s and '90s included roles in Thames Television's "The Bill" and Central Independent Television's "Inspector Morse", the short-lived comedy series "Freddie and Max", with Anne Bancroft, a drama about homelessness, "Sweet Nothing" and another lesbian role, as Barbara Gale in the political satire "Giving Tongue" (1996). She also appeared in Simon Nye's sitcom "How Do You Want Me?" (1998–2000), alongside Dylan Moran and Emma Chambers, and voiced the lead female character, Primrose, in the animated adaptation of "Brambly Hedge". Coleman's final television appearance was in the adaptation of Jacqueline Wilson's "Double Act", where she played the twins' teacher, Miss Debenham.
Coleman played Scarlett in the film "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994) with Hugh Grant, Simon Callow and Kristin Scott Thomas. She received a BAFTA Film Award nomination for this part, losing to Thomas. Coleman continued to act in films throughout the 1990s with her last major film being Jasmin Dizdar's "Beautiful People" (1999), set in London in 1993, at the time of the Yugoslav Wars, playing the role of Portia Thornton.
Theatre.
Coleman portrayed the character of the teenage Lorna in "Our Own Kind" (Roy MacGregor), at the Bush Theatre in London (April 1991). She co-starred with Kevin Whately, Nisha Nayar and Jane Horrocks.
"The prime focus falls on Sylvie's bright-eyed schoolgirl sister Lorna. Vividly brought to life by Charlotte Coleman, she's both a droll chorus figure and an optimistic, surrogate victim. The play is tightly directed by new Bush supremo Dominic Dromgoole"
Personal life.
In 1987, Coleman's boyfriend, Jonathan Laycock, died as the result of a cycling accident. He was 23 years old. After his death Coleman went through periods of depression, and developed the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia.
Death.
On 13 November 2001, Coleman visited her family where they watched a film together. Her father later stated that she had been in great spirits because of her new flat in Holloway, north London, which she had decorated, and there was a possibility of a career upturn after a few years in the doldrums. Later that evening, she complained of feeling unwell, but went home to her flat against her parents' advice. The next morning, Wednesday, 14 November 2001, her parents telephoned her to see if she was feeling better; but there was no reply. Concerned, her mother went to Coleman's flat only to find her lying unconscious on the floor; her asthma inhaler was in a different room. She was taken by ambulance to Whittington Hospital in north London, where she was pronounced dead on arrival from a massive attack of bronchial asthma.
A memorial was held at the Mill Hill Buddhist Centre in north London later that month and attended by family and close friends.
Charlotte Coleman Scholarship Award.
The New London Performing Arts Centre introduced the Charlotte Coleman Scholarship in 2003. A showcase event is held every November from which one performer is chosen to receive the award. All NLPAC members are eligible for the prize of a year's classes in dance, drama and music.


Heinrich Gerlach

Heinrich Gerlach (August 18, 1908 - March 27, 1991) was a German soldier in the 14th Panzer Division during the Second World War, who later became a Latin and German teacher. His semi-autobiographical novel, "The Forsaken Army", was published in West Germany in 1957. It was rewritten with the help of hypnosis after the original manuscript was seized by the Soviets. In 2012, Carsten Gansel discovered the original manuscript in the State Russian Military Archive. It was then published in Germany in 2016 and its English translation was published in 2017 as "Breakout at Stalingrad".
Life.
Gerlach grew up in Königsberg. He studied at Freiburg from 1927-28 before returning to Königsberg. In the spring of 1931, he passed the first state examination. After a semester of studying in Königsberg, he went to Vienna for two semesters. In the autumn of 1931, he started a one-year apprenticeship at a high school in Tilsit. After that, he went to the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Königsberg, and passed his second state exam in the autumn of 1933. Since there were no positions available for "studien assessor", in October 1933, he worked as a teacher in the Army School in Osterode am Harz. On April 20th, 1934, he married his long-time partner, Ilse Kordl, and began working as a substitute teacher in Lyck and was later hired for a permanent job. His family stayed in Lyck until 1944.
World War II.
On August 17, 1939, Gerlach was drafted into the Wehrmacht as a reservist where he was promoted to unteroffizier and appointed leader of telephone-construction crews. From February until April he was posted to Halle an der Saale for officer cadet training. Following that, he was with the 1st Signals Battalion in Königsberg until August. For the rest of the year, Gerlach served in the 228th Signals Battalion in Westphalia, being promoted to Leutnant on September 1st, 1940. From December 1940 to April 1941 he was a platoon leader of the same division and deployed to France. In April 1941, Gerlach and his platoon took part in the Balkan campaign in Yugoslavia and in June of the same year he transferred to the 16th Infantry Division, which took part in the attack on the Soviet Union on June 22nd, 1941. In July 1942, he was promoted to Oberleutnant and placed on the staff of the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps where he participated in several battles, including the Battle of Kiev, the Battle of Moscow, the double envelopment battles of Vyazma and Bryansk, and Case Blue. From the end of July, the corps belonged to the 6th Army which was attacking toward Stalingrad. On October 24th, 1942, he was transferred to the 14th Panzer Division where he worked for the divisional intelligence officer. His responsibilities included assessing the enemy situation, deployment of subordinate units of defense, letter censorship of subordinate units of the secret field police and attached units of the Propaganda Company. During heavy fighting in the city centre, the 14th Panzer Division lost almost all of their tanks and stood in the section between the Bread Factory and the Volga River. Gerlach was severely wounded in the head and was taken prisoner of war by the end of January 1943.
He was brought to Beketowka, the Stalingrad city prison. On February 24th, 1943, he was transported to camp 27 Lunjowo under the control of the Soviet military intelligence (GRU) to Krasnogorsk. Shortly afterwards, on February 28th, he was taken to the Lefortovskaya Military Prison in Moscow and put in solitary confinement. He was interrogated by the NKVD for four months because of his position as a Third General Staff Officer and the associated responsibility of the enemy intelligence department. In June, he was sent to Suzdaltaken to the NKVD prison camp 160. This camp held only officers, including the generals captured in Stalingrad. On July 22nd, 1943, he came again to camp 27 near Lunjowo. There he belonged to the 14-member initiative group for the founding of the Association of German Officers (BDO). On September 11TH, he became a co-founder of the BDO and co-signer of the "Call to the German generals and officers! To people and Wehrmacht!" from September 12th, 1943. From July 1943 to November 1945, he wrote 21 articles for the newspaper of the NKFD, "Free Germany".
On 23 December 1944, by order of the Oberkommando des Heeres, Gerlach was released "provisionally" from active military service "in absentia", together with 19 other officers in Soviet captivity, for carrying out a case before the People's Court. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed by the Reichskriegsgericht and sentenced to death. His family was taken to Sippenhaft on July 1944.
Postwar.
In 1949, Gerlach was no longer a political necessity and was sent to various Soviet labour camps before being sent to prison. In the course of a mass sentencing, he was threatened with 25 years of forced labour due to alleged war crimes. Against this background, he agreed to conspiratorial cooperation with Soviet intelligence, which he had previously denied. As a result, he was repatriated in April 1950. On his arrival in Berlin, he was able to escape the Soviet authorities. He then lived with his wife and three children in West Berlin where he worked as a primary school teacher. In 1951, Gerlach was forced to leave West Berlin after being put under pressure by Soviet agents. He moved with his family to Brake, where he got a job as a secondary school teacher and eventually died at the age of 82 on March 27th,1991.
Books.
Breakthrough at Stalingrad.
In captivity, Gerlach began to write diary entries about his experiences during the Siege of Stalingrad. Around the end of 1943, he began working on a novel. In addition to his personal experiences, Gerlach also recalled the stories of his fellow prisoners, which allowed him to describe the battle from many perspectives. The original manuscript for the novel "Breakout at Stalingrad", which Gerlach claims to have completed on May 8th, 1945, was confiscated by the Soviets in 1949.
Upon returning to Germany, Gerlach learned of the possibility of recovering memories from the subconscious through hypnotism in a copy of Quick magazine. In the hope of being able to reconstruct his novel, he contacted the Munich-based doctor and psychologist Dr Karl Schmitz. This was just before the publication of Schmitz's book "What is - what can - what good is hypnosis?". Schmitz saw an opportunity with Gerlach to distinguish himself as a luminary in the field of hypnosis. Since Gerlach could not afford the treatment, Schmitz proposed funding the hypnosis treatment to complete his story and provide Schmitz with proof of his work. Although he was able to reconstruct significant parts of the novel, Gerlach needed several more years to complete the second version. It appeared in 1957 under the title "The Betrayed Army". In 1959, he was awarded the Premio Bancarella. In the following years, the novel became a bestseller, and by 1988 had sold more than a million copies.
The original manuscript of Gerlach's novel "Breakout at Stalingrad" was found on February 14, 2012, by Carsten Gansel in the State Military Archives in Moscow. It was published in 2016 as a comprehensive epilogue. The original version of "Breakout at Stalingrad" distinguishes itself from "The Betrayed Army" with an increased confrontation with his guilt, conflicts of conscience and self-reflection. According to Gansel, the original version questions and comments less, and the presentation is much more authentic. Gansel sees an unvarnished look. Jochen Hellbeck assumes that "Breakthrough at Stalingrad" was heavily influenced by concepts of Soviet "re-education", which Gerlach had come into contact with as a prisoner of war.
Odyssey in Red: Report of a Random Walk.
In the novel "Odyssey in Red", Gerlach used his experience as a long-term prisoner of war and his commitment to the NKFD and the BDO as central themes. In 1970, based on the book, a docudrama for television was shot with the title "The House Lunjowo". In 2017, the novel was reissued. In an epilogue, the editor Carsten Gansel explains the results of extensive research on Heinrich Gerlach, which had taken place in the run-up to the new publication.


Coleen Rowley

Coleen Rowley (born December 20, 1954) is an American former FBI special agent and whistleblower, and was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) candidate for Congress in Minnesota's 2nd congressional district, one of eight congressional districts in Minnesota in 2006. She lost the general election to Republican incumbent John Kline.
Early life and education.
Rowley grew up in New Hampton, Iowa and graduated valedictorian of her high school class in 1973. Her father was a letter carrier for 31 years. She received her B.A. degree in French and with honors from Wartburg College in Waverly, Iowa in 1977. In 1980, she received her J.D. degree from the University of Iowa College of Law and passed the Iowa Bar Exam that summer.
Career.
FBI.
In January 1981, Rowley became a Special Agent with the FBI and was assigned to the Omaha, Nebraska and Jackson, Mississippi divisions. Beginning in 1984, she spent six years working in the New York City field office on investigations involving Italian organized crime and Sicilian heroin. During this time she served three temporary assignments in the U.S. embassy in Paris and the consulate in Montreal. In 1990, she was transferred to the FBI's Minneapolis field office, where she became Chief Division Counsel. There she taught constitutional law to FBI agents and police officers, and oversaw the Freedom of Information, Asset Forfeiture Program, Victim-Witness and community outreach programs.
After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Rowley wrote a paper for FBI Director Robert Mueller documenting how FBI HQ personnel in Washington, D.C., had mishandled and failed to take action on information provided by the Minneapolis, Minnesota Field Office regarding its investigation of suspected terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui. Moussaoui had been suspected of being involved in preparations for a suicide-hijacking similar to the December 1994 "Eiffel Tower" hijacking of Air France 8969. Failures identified by Rowley may have left the U.S. vulnerable to the September 11, 2001, attacks. Rowley was one of many agents frustrated by the events that led up to the attacks, writing:During the early aftermath of September 11th, when I happened to be recounting the pre–September 11th events concerning the Moussaoui investigation to other FBI personnel in other divisions or in FBIHQ, almost everyone's first question was "Why?—Why would an FBI agent(s) deliberately sabotage a case? (I know I shouldn't be flippant about this, but jokes were actually made that the key FBI HQ personnel had to be spies or moles like Robert Hanssen who were actually working for Osama Bin Laden to have so undercut Minneapolis's effort.)
In May 2002 Rowley testified to the Senate and the 9/11 Commission about the FBI's pre-9/11 lapses due to its internal organization and mishandling of information related to the attacks. Mueller and Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA) pushed for and achieved a major reorganization, focused on creation of the new Office of Intelligence at the FBI. This reorganization was supported with a significant expansion of FBI personnel with counterterrorism and language skills.
In February 2003, Rowley wrote a second open letter to Mueller, in which she warned her superiors that the bureau would not "be able to stem the flood of terrorism that will likely head our way in the wake of an attack on Iraq". In April 2003, Rowley stepped down from her legal position to return to being a FBI Special Agent. At the end of 2004 she retired from the FBI after serving for 24 years.
Honors and awards.
Rowley jointly held the "Time" magazine Person of the Year award in 2002 with two other women credited as whistleblowers: Sherron Watkins from Enron and Cynthia Cooper of WorldCom.
She also received the 2002 Sam Adams Award.
Political.
In May 2005, Rowley announced that she was considering running against incumbent Representative John Kline for Minnesota's 2nd District seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2006. At the time of her announcement, she had been living in Apple Valley, Minnesota for 15 years. Rowley had formerly voted and identified as a Republican, but on June 27, 2005, she announced that she was entering the race as a DFLer, and on July 6 officially kicked off her campaign at her home.
On August 18, 2005, Rowley attended a vigil in Crawford, Texas, outside President George W. Bush's ranch requesting that the president meet with Cindy Sheehan to answer Sheehan's questions about the War in Iraq and the death of Sheehan's son, Casey.
On January 3, 2006, an unauthorized professionally retouched image appeared on Rowley's campaign website. This image depicted Kline, a retired Marine Corps colonel, as Colonel Klink from "Hogan's Heroes". Kline objected to the photo, and the Rowley campaign removed the image the same day and initiated an investigation. Rowley apologized quickly.
Representative John Murtha (D-PA) endorsed Rowley. He visited the district during the campaign and held a rally for Rowley at the local VFW in Rosemount, while veterans protested outside. The Rowley campaign subsequently focused efforts on veterans' groups and others with direct experience of the war in Iraq. Financing her campaign proved difficult. Opposing an incumbent conservative such as Kline in a conservative district did not attract money from the most robust Democratic resources, such as the DNC.
Kline's campaign achieved a 2–1 advantage in raising funds, and he easily retained his seat.
Civil liberties and peace activism.
Since 2003 Rowley has spoken publicly on ethics and ethical decision-making to various groups. She is a writer and blogger. She joined other whistleblowers on the June 2015 speaking tour "Stand Up for Truth" which went through London, Oslo, Stockholm and Berlin. She returned to lecture at her alma mater three times, in 2003, 2004 and 2015.
Personal.
Rowley is married and has four children. During her time in the FBI she was "the sole breadwinner of a family of six".
Bibliography.
Rowley authored a chapter in "Patriotism, Democracy, and Common Sense: Restoring America's Promise at Home and Abroad". edited by Alan Cutis and Kevin Phillip (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005, 496 pages, ).
She has been a regular contributor at "The Huffington Post" since January 2006 and Rowley has written for "The Guardian".


Wilbur Frank Pell Jr.

Wilbur Frank Pell Jr. (December 6, 1915 – September 25, 2000) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
Education and career.
Born in Shelbyville, Indiana, Pell received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Indiana University Bloomington in 1937 and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1940. He was in private practice in Shelbyville from 1940 to 1942. He was a special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Birmingham, Alabama from 1942 to 1945, returning to private practice in Shelbyville from 1946 to 1970. He was a deputy state attorney general of Indiana from 1952 to 1955.
Federal judicial service.
On January 23, 1970, Pell was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit vacated by Judge John Simpson Hastings. Pell was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 23, 1970, and received his commission on April 24, 1970. He assumed senior status on July 31, 1984, and served in that capacity until his death on September 25, 2000, in Evanston, Illinois.


Luther Trant


Fair Margaret and Sweet William

"Fair Margaret and Sweet William" (Child 74, Roud 253) is a traditional English ballad which tells of two lovers, of whom either one or both die from heartbreak. Thomas Percy included it in his folio and said that it was quoted as early as 1611 in the "Knight of the Burning Pestle". In the United States, variations of Fair Margaret have been regarded as folk song as early as 1823.
Synopsis.
Fair Margaret espies the marriage procession of her lover Sweet William and another woman from her high chamber window. Depending on the variation, Margaret either commits suicide or dies of a broken heart. Her ghost then appears before Sweet William to ask him if he loves his new bride more than herself, and William replies he loves Margaret better. In the morning, William commences to search for Margaret. Upon arriving at her estate, Margaret's family shows William the corpse. In some versions, Sweet William dies of heartbreak as well, and they are buried beside each other.
Variations and related ballads.
Regional and printed variations of the ballad are known by many titles, including "Lady Margaret and Sweet William", "Pretty Polly and Sweet William", "Sweet William's Bride", "Lady Margaret's Ghost", "Fair Margaret's Misfortune", and "William and Margaret", among others. Numerous variations on this basic structure can be found in folk songs throughout the British Isles and United States. Renowned folklorist Francis James Child identified three distinct versions of the lyrics, whilst Cecil Sharp collected numerous other variants, considering the ballad "Sweet William's Ghost" (Child 77) to be a slight variation on the basic plot.
Traditional versions of Fair Margaret sometimes end with a "rose-briar motif" of several stanzas describing floral growth on the lovers' neighboring graves. This motif is featured in other ballads, including "Lord Thomas and Fair Annet", "Lord Lovel", and "Barbara Allen". Fair Margaret also shares some mid-song stanzas with the murder ballad "Matty Groves" (Child ballad 81, Roud 52).
Traditional Recordings.
In the United States, traditional Appalachian musicians such as Bascom Lamar Lunsford (1953) and Jean Ritchie (1956) recorded their family versions of the ballad, as did many Ozark performers such as Almeda Riddle of Arkansas (1972). Helen Hartness Flanders collected several versions of the song throughout New England in the 1930s and 40s, which she heard performed to five different melodies.
In England, several versions were collected across the country, but the ballad appears to have largely died out before recordings could be made. Cecil Sharp collected some versions in Somerset around 1910, and Frank Kidson collected a single version in Knaresborough, Yorkshire in 1906. In Scotland, the only recording was a fragment sung by a Mabel Skelton of Arbroath to Hamish Henderson in 1985, which is available on the Tobar an Dualchais website. Likewise, only a single version has been recorded in Ireland, that of Martin Howley of County Clare, which can be heard online courtesy of the County Clare Library.
Lyrics.
The following lyrics are those recorded by Thomas Percy in 1765, but they bear a striking resemblance to the Ritchie family version sung by Jean Ritchie in 1956, which presumably survived in the oral tradition for several centuries largely uncorrupted.
"Sweet William arose one May morning,"
"And dressed himself in blue,"
"Come and tell to me all about that love"
"Betwixt Lady Marg'ret and me."
"No harm, no harm of Lady Marg'ret,"
"Nor she knows none by me,"
"But before tomorrow morning at eight o'clock,"
"Lady Marg'ret and you."
"O I know nothing of Lady Marg'ret's love"
"And she knows nothing of me"
"But in the morning at half-past eight"
"Lady Marg'ret my bride shall see."
"Lady Marg'ret was sitting in her bower room"
"A-combing back her hair,"
"When who should she spy but Sweet William and his bride,"
"As to church they did draw nigh."
"Then she threw down herivory comb"
"In silk bound up her hair."
"And out of the room that fair lady ran,"
"and was never any more seen there."
"The day passed away and the night coming on"
"And most of the men asleep,"
"Sweet William espied Lady Marg'ret's ghost"
"A-standing at his bed feet."
"O how do you like your bed? said she,"
"And how do you like your sheets"
"And how do you like that fair young bride"
"A-laying in your arms at sleep?"
"Full well do I like my bed,"
"Full well do I like my sheet;"
"But better do I like the fair young maid"
"A-standing at my bed feet."
"The night passed away and the day coming on"
"And most of the men awake."
"Sweet William said: I am troubled in my head"
"By the dreams that I dreamed last night."
"Such dreams, such dreams as these,"
"I know they mean no good,"
"Last night I dreamed that my room was full of swine"
"And my bride was floating in blood."
"He called his servants unto him,"
"By one, by two, by three,"
"And the last he called was his new made bride"
"That he Lady Marg'ret I might see."
"O what will you do with Lady Marg'ret's love,"
"And what will you do with me?"
"He said: I'll go Lady Marg'ret see,"
"And then I'll return to thee."
"He rode up to Lady Marg'ret's door,"
"And jingled at the ring;"
"And none was so ready as her seventh born brother"
"To arise and let him in."
"O is she in her kitchen room?"
"Or is she in her hall?"
"Or is she in her bower room"
"Among her merry maids all?"
"She is neither in her kitchen room,"
"She is neither in her hall;"
"But she is in her cold coffin,"
"With her pale face toward the wall."
"Pulld own, pull down those winding-sheets"
"A-made of satin so fine."
"Ten thousand times thou hast kissed my lips,"
"And now, love, I'll kiss thine."
"Three times he kissed her snowy white breast,"
"Three times he kissed her chin;"
"but when he kissed her cold clay lipse"
"His heart it broke within."
"Lady Marg'ret was buried in the old church yard"
"Sweet William was buried close beside her;"
"And out of her grew a red, red, rose,"
"And ou of him a brier."
"They grew so tall and they grew so high,"
"They scarce could grow no higher;"
"And there they twined in a true lover's knot,"
"The red rose and the brier."


Harry Samit

Harry Samit is a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation Special Agent who was based at the FBI Field Office in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is a former United States Navy Naval Intelligence Officer who participated in aviation indoctrination training and then served in aviation units for most of his career. Samit's aeronautical ratings consist of an Air Transport Canada (Canadian) certified private pilot license. He is also a qualified FBI Aviator. Samit is most noted for arresting Zacarias Moussaoui on August 16, 2001.
Samit became aware of Moussaoui the day before because of Clancy Prevost, a certified flight instructor at the Pan-Am International Flight Academy in Eagan, Minnesota. Moussaoui had enrolled for training in a 747-400 flight simulator at the school on August 13 but his behavior during instruction alarmed Prevost, who did not believe that Moussaoui was just a wealthy individual interested in flying jumbo jets. At Prevost's urging, the flight school contacted the Minneapolis FBI Field Office, and Samit was one of the special agents assigned to investigate Moussaoui.
Moussaoui was arrested by Agents of the Minneapolis Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF), using the authority of assigned Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) Agents for a visa violation on August 16. Since Moussaoui denied consent to search his hotel room at the Residence Inn in Eagan, MN where he had been staying, Agents were unable to look through his belongings or take an image of his laptop computer. The arrest team was only able to search Moussaoui's person and the items in his possession at the time he was taken into custody. Moussaoui's companion, Hussain Al Attas, did give consent to search his car. Samit found a small knife in Moussaoui's left pocket and another FBI Agent found a second knife in the car.
As an FBI pilot himself, Samit was suspicious, suspecting that Moussaoui was plotting an act of international terrorism against the United States. He therefore sought permission to search Moussaoui's belongings which were known to include several bags and suitcases, and a laptop computer. The first application to obtain a criminal search warrant was denied by FBI Headquarters on the ground of insufficient evidence. A second application to search was made under the "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act" of 1978, but this was also denied. The FBI did obtain a search warrant for the belongings, but only after the September 11th attacks. The Minneapolis Field Office had received a report from Moussaoui's home government of France that linked him to Islamic terrorism, but the FBI Headquarters in Washington did not believe that evidence was sufficient to present to the FISA court for a search warrant. On the question of using foreign government intelligence to validate a request for a domestic search warrant through the FISA court, it is unclear if the Field Office could have appealed administratively to the White House National Security Council. Had the belongings been opened before September 11, knives, flight manuals, and other clues would have been found. Whether these clues would have sparked a national emergency or simply been treated like the August 6 memo entitled "Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US" is subject to debate.
When FBI Headquarters denied both Samit's application for search powers, he initiated a process to notify the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of his suspicions of possible aircraft hijacking attempts, but FBI Headquarters censored the memo. Relying on personal contacts, Samit then met with a Minneapolis FAA official, but that official did not pursue Samit's leads.
"I am so desperate to get into his computer, I'll take anything," Samit wrote in an e-mail on September 10, 2001.
In March 2006, during Moussaoui's death sentence trial, Samit testified that he had spent the time between August 16 and September 11 trying to warn U.S. officials about the possibility of terrorist actions involving the hijacking of aircraft. Four such actions occurred in the United States on September 11, 2001. Samit testified under oath that "criminal negligence, obstruction and careerism" by superiors at FBI Headquarters in Washington, DC thwarted an opportunity to prevent the September 11th attacks.
Mohamad Elzahabi was "branded an al-Qaeda terrorist" and arrested by Samit on April 16, 2004.


Bill Kenworthy

William Jennings "Duke" Kenworthy (July 4, 1886 — September 21, 1950) was a Major League Baseball second baseman. He played all or part of four seasons in the majors, two of which — and — were spent as the starting second baseman for the Kansas City Packers of the short-lived Federal League. Bracketed around that were short stints for the Washington Senators in (where he played in the outfield) and for the St. Louis Browns in .
In 285 games over four seasons, Kenworthy posted a .304 batting average (301-for-989) with 159 runs, 71 doubles, 21 triples, 18 home runs, 146 RBI, 61 stolen bases, 67 bases on balls, .360 on-base percentage and .473 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .946 fielding percentage playing primarily at second base and several games at left and right field.
Kenworthy drowned while fishing off the California coast on September 21, 1950.


James D. Wright

James David Wright (November 6, 1947 - April 29, 2019) was an American sociologist. He had been the Provost's Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Central Florida since 2001. Since 2013, he had also been a Pegasus Professor there. He wrote 17 books and over 250 peer-reviewed papers. From 1978 until 2014, he was the editor-in-chief of the academic journal "Social Science Research".
Education and career.
Wright received his bachelor's degree from Purdue University and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1973, he joined the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Amherst as an assistant professor, where he remained until 1988, when he joined the faculty of Tulane University. In 2001, he left Tulane to join the sociology department at UCF as Distinguished Research Professor.
Research.
Wright has researched several topics in the field of sociology, including poverty, homelessness, covenant marriage, and gun control. His assessment of numerous studies regarding gun ownership concluded that using a gun in self-defense increases the chances of harm to oneself, while also decreasing the chances that the user will be victimized by a criminal. In 1983, he collaborated with Peter Rossi and Kathleen Daly on a study underwritten by the National Institute of Justice which showed that about 1% of privately owned guns in the United States are used in crime; the study reported that the "benefits of stricter gun controls ... are at best uncertain, and at worst close to nil." In 1986, he and Rossi published the book "Armed and Considered Dangerous", which reported the results of a survey of 1,800 felons. They concluded, among other things, that handgun bans may be counterproductive, as criminals may switch to other, more dangerous weapons instead, and that criminals are more afraid of armed civilians than of being arrested by police.


William G. Sebold

William G. Sebold ("Gottlieb Adolf Wilhelm Sebold "; March 10, 1899 in Mülheim, Germany – February 16, 1970 in Napa, California) was a United States citizen who was coerced into becoming a spy when he visited Germany after being pressured by several high-ranking Nazi members. He informed the American Consul General in Cologne before leaving Germany and became a double agent for the FBI. With the assistance of another German agent, Fritz Duquesne, he recruited 33 agents that became known as the Duquesne Spy Ring. In June 1941, the Federal Bureau of Investigation arrested all of the agents. They were convicted and sentenced to a total of 300 years in prison.
Early life.
Sebold served in the German army engineering corps during World War I. After emigrating to the United States in 1922, he married and worked in industrial and aircraft plants throughout the United States and South America. On February 10, 1936, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
He returned to Germany in February 1939 to visit his mother in Mülheim. Upon his arrival in Hamburg, Germany, he was approached by a Gestapo agent who said that Sebold would be contacted in the near future due to the knowledge he obtained while working in United States aircraft factories. Sebold proceeded to Mülheim where he obtained employment.
Coerced into spying.
In September 1939, a Dr. Gassner visited Sebold in Mülheim and interrogated him regarding military planes and equipment in the United States. He also asked Sebold to return to the United States as an espionage agent for Germany. Gassner and another man, a "Dr. Renken", told him that they would expose information that he had omitted from his U. S. citizenship application about serving time in a German jail unless he agreed to assist them. Renken was in fact Major Nickolaus Ritter of the Abwehr.
After the threats to his family, his life, and his citizenship, Sebold agreed to cooperate with the Nazis. He was then sent to a seven-week training program in Hamburg, Germany, where he learned to operate a clandestine shortwave radio, which he would set up when he returned to the United States.
Ritter gave Sebold final instructions before he left for the United States, including shortwave radio codes and the use of microphotographs. Sebold was given the alias "Harry Sawyer", the code name TRAMP, and Abwehr number A.3549.
Sebold was tasked to meet with various spies, pass along instructions to them from Germany, receive messages in return, and transmit them back in code to Germany. The intention was to pull off the efforts of spies who were passing technological secrets to the Germans during World War II.
Contacts U.S. embassy.
Before leaving Germany, Sebold visited the U.S. Consulate in Cologne, Germany, and insisted on speaking with the Consul General. He told the Consul that he had been blackmailed into becoming a German spy but that he was a loyal American citizen and wanted to cooperate with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the United States. The U.S. government agreed.
Sebold sailed from Genoa, Italy, and arrived in New York City on February 8, 1940. There, Sebold (with secret help from the FBI) set himself up as a consulting diesel engineer, with an office in Times Square in Manhattan.
Duquesne Spy Ring.
With the assistance of the FBI, "Harry Sawyer" was able to obtain an office in Times Square for a company under the name "Diesel Research Company". This office provided a seemingly safe space where Nazi spies felt comfortable meeting with and discussing their plans with Sebold. The office also allowed spies to send letters to manufacturers like Consolidated Aircraft Corporation, where they would then receive letters back such as "Development of Diesel Engines." The spies came to the office to deliver blueprints, wartime information, and other sensitive information regarding the United States. However, the office was outfitted with hidden microphones and two-way mirrors, so FBI agents would be able to film the meetings for future use. Using the office, the FBI were able to obtain countless hours of incriminating footage. For example, the group's leader Fritz Joubert Duquesne was caught discussing how fires could be started at industrial plants to slow production, and showed photographs of blueprints for a new bomb being built in the United States. In different footage, a spy explains his plan to bomb a building, going as far as bringing dynamite and detonation caps to Sebold's office.
Sebold was instructed by the Abwehr to contact Fritz Joubert Duquesne, code-named DUNN, a German spy in New York. Duquesne had been a spy for Germany since World War I; before that, he had been a Boer spy in the Second Boer War. In the United States, Duquesne had been a New York Herald journalist and was the "master coordinator" of the Nazi spies operating in the United States. He contacted aircraft and other technology companies and requested information that he claimed he would use for his lectures. Any plans or photos that he received were sent to the Wehrmacht.
At their first meeting, Duquesne was extremely worried about the possibility of listening devices in Sebold's office. He gave Sebold a note suggesting that they should talk elsewhere. After relocating to an automat, the two men exchanged information about members of the German espionage system with whom they had been in contact.
In his office and with cameras secretly rolling, Sebold met with a string of Nazis who wished to pass secret and sensitive national defense and wartime information to the Gestapo.
Duquesne provided Sebold with information for transmittal to Germany during subsequent meetings, and the meetings which occurred in Sebold's office were filmed by FBI Agents. Duquesne, who was vehemently anti-British, submitted information dealing with national defense in America, the sailing of ships to British ports, and technology. He also regularly received money from Germany in payment for his services.
On one occasion, Duquesne provided Sebold with photographs and specifications of a new type of bomb being produced in the United States. He claimed that he secured that material by secretly entering the DuPont plant in Wilmington, Delaware. Duquesne also explained how fires could be started in industrial plants. Much of the information Duquesne obtained was the result of his correspondence with industrial concerns. Representing himself as a student, he requested data concerning their products and manufacturing conditions.
In May 1940, FBI agents on Long Island set up a shortwave radio station, and established contact with the Abwehr's radio station in Germany, posing as part of Sebold's spy ring. For 16 months this radio station was a main channel of communication between German spies in New York City and the Abwehr. During this time, the FBI's radio station transmitted over 300 messages containing falsified or useless information to Germany, and received 200 messages from Germany. Through Sebold, the U.S. identified dozens of German agents in the United States, Mexico and South America.
In June 1941, the FBI arrested 33 German agents that were part of Sebold's network. Nineteen of the agents arrested pleaded guilty. The remainder were tried in Federal District Court, Brooklyn, New York, beginning 3 September 1941. The jury found all 14 guilty on 13 December 1941. The 33 members of the Duquesne Spy Ring were sentenced to serve a total of over 300 years in prison. Duquesne was sentenced to 18 years in prison. The Duquesne Spy Ring remains the largest espionage case in U.S. history that ended in convictions.
As a result of the massive investigation, when America entered the war the FBI was confident that there was no major German espionage network hidden in U.S. society.
When the trial ended, Sebold disappeared. He entered a government witness protection program and moved to California under another assumed identity. He had countless jobs, even trying to be a chicken farmer, but could never hold down a job and was constantly plagued by bad health. Additionally, letters from his family back in Germany explained that the Nazis still wanted to exact their revenge, leaving him in a constant state of fear. Sebold was diagnosed with manic depression and committed to Napa State Hospital in 1965. Five years later he suffered a heart attack and died.
Books and film.
Books detailing Sebold's career as a double agent include:
Film:


A Russian Diary

A Russian Diary: A Journalist's Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin's Russia, is a book written by Anna Politkovskaya and published by Random House in May 2007 discussing Russia under Vladimir Putin. Scott Simon wrote the foreword and Arch Tait translated the writing into English. Harvill Secker published the United Kingdom edition. In some versions Jon Snow, the main news anchor for the United Kingdom's Channel 4, wrote the foreword.
History.
Published after the author's death, it extracts from her notebook and other writings and gives her account of the period from December 2003 to August 2005, including what she described as "the death of Russian parliamentary democracy", the Beslan school hostage crisis, and the "winter and summer of discontent" from January to August 2005. Because she was murdered "while translation was being completed, final editing had to go ahead without her help", wrote Tait in a note to the book.
According to Viv Groskop of "The Guardian", "A Russian Diary" has a stronger emphasis on politics compared to "A Dirty War" and "Putin's Russia", and therefore is "less moving and immediate". It does not focus on Politkovskaya's personal life.
According to the book, Russia under Vladimir Putin reverted into an authoritarian society centered around the ruler.
Content.
The book has three parts. The initial section covers the 2003 Russian legislative election and the 2004 Russian presidential election. The following section discusses the insurgency of the Second Chechen War, the Beslan school siege and its consequences, and other events in the second Putin term. She recalled a meeting with Ramzan Kadyrov, Head of the Chechen Republic. The last section describes 2005 pensioner protests.
Robert Legvold of "Foreign Affairs" wrote, "The tragedies generated by the Chechen war are what she knew best and wrote, knifelike, about".
Reception.
Bridget Kendall wrote that the translation was "admirably readable".
Andrew Meier wrote in "The New York Times" that Politskaya's "insightful black humor" is a positive while he criticized elements of the translation and editing, citing references to Russia-related terms unexplained in the text and use of specific British English terms.
"Who killed Anna and who lay beyond her killer remains unknown", wrote Snow in his foreword to the book's UK edition. "Her murder robbed too many of us of absolutely vital sources of information and contact", he concluded, "Yet it may, ultimately, be seen to have at least helped prepare the way for the unmasking of the dark forces at the heart of Russia's current being. I must confess that I finished reading "A Russian Diary" feeling that it should be taken up and dropped from the air in vast quantities throughout the length and breadth of Mother Russia, for all her people to read."
"Kirkus Reviews" stated that the diary entries in the book "may lack total journalistic objectivity, but Politkovskaya more than justifies her bias with this emotional portrait of the dangerous lives of the Russian people."
"Publishers Weekly" stated that it was "A rare and intelligent memoir-if an entirely depressing one".


Richard McArthur

Richard McArthur (born 1943) is a Republican member of the Nevada Assembly. First elected in 2008, he was defeated in his 2012 primary bid for the Nevada Senate, but he regained his Assembly seat in 2016. McArthur represents the 4th district, which covers parts of the northwestern Las Vegas Valley.
Biography.
McArthur was born in Lake Forest, Illinois, in 1943, growing up in Fair Oaks, California. He received his Bachelor of Arts in economics from the University of California, Davis, and served in the Vietnam War as a United States Air Force captain from 1966 until 1972. McArthur worked as a Federal Bureau of Investigation special agent, and now is retired.
McArthur was first elected in 2008, defeating Craig Ballew and two other candidates. Deciding to run for the state Senate rather than reelection to the Assembly in 2012, he faced fellow Assemblyman Scott Hammond in the Republican primary. Hammond, who was seen as more moderate than McArthur, won the primary by nearly 14 points and went on to win the general election.
McArthur sought reelection to his old seat in 2016; it had been vacated by Michele Fiore, who unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives. He won a three-way Republican primary and narrowly won the general election.
Personal life.
McArthur and his wife, Trish, have 2 children: Kimberly and Michele, and five grandchildren.
Political positions.
McArthur supports the right to keep and bear arms. He advocates for deportation of illegal immigrants residing in the state of Nevada.
McArthur opposes legalization of recreational marijuana, expressing his opposition to Nevada Question 2 (2016), which legalized recreational marijuana in the state. He was rated the most conservative member of the Assembly by the American Conservative Union in 2011.