William Booth Memorial Training College (Wellington)

The William Booth Memorial Training College is a building on Aro Street, in Aro Valley, Wellington, New Zealand, which currently houses the School of Practical Philosophy. It was completed in 1913, and named after one of the founders of the Salvation Army, William Booth.
Design and construction.
It was designed by Stanley W Fearn and Austen Quick. It received a gold award from the New Zealand Institute of Architects in 1927.
Opening.
It was officially opened on 2 April 1914 by "the Prime Minister, the Minister of Customs, Sir John Findlay, and other prominent public men." Francis Fisher, the Minister of Customs, said:
"We are here to-day to open and dedicate this home to the memory, of the immortal William Booth, founder of this great international Army of Salvation. It was ever the wish and practice of the late General William Booth that every penny controlled by his Army should be spent in the interests of suffering humanity, and to-day, in accordance with the noble spirit inspired by that great man, the Army presents to our citizens a monument to his genius...To General Booth the devoted soldiers of his Army have dedicated the Memorial College. The very atmosphere of the building is hallowed by his spirit."
According to Commissioner Richards, the building cost 13,000 pounds to build, with more expense to be incurred in furnishing the building and improving the grounds yet to come. The building's construction was part of 40,000 pound investment in buildings by the Salvation Army over the preceding 18 months.
According to newspaper reports, Prime Minister William Massey said: "the Training College was a credit to those who had originated it, to the architect, the builders, and to the Salvation Army. He hoped that within its walls in the years to come there would be trained many officers who would carry on the initiated by William Booth..."
Operation.
From 1913 to 1982 it was the training site for the Salvation Army, until they shifted to Lower Hutt. In 1933, during the Great Depression, it was closed for a year due to financial reasons.
It now houses the School of Practical Philosophy, a non-profit educational organisation.
The building is individually listed on the Wellington City District Plan as a heritage building, but is not earthquake prone.


San Giovanni Calibita, Rome

San Giovanni Calibita is a Roman Catholic church located in the rione of Ripa on the Isola Tiberina, next to the Fatebenefratelli Hospital.
History.
A church here is documented since the 14th century with the name of "Sancti Ioannis de insula", and also "Sancti Ioannis Cantofiume". But it is likely a church was established over the site of the temple of "Iuppiter Iurarius". Armellini says the first church here was raised by the soldiers of Genseric and rebuilt in 464 by Peter, bishop of Porto, who held the jurisdiction of the Isola Tiberina. However the oldest documentary annotation of this church is found in a 1018 bull by Pope Benedict VIII. For centuries it was attached to the nearby Benedictine monastery. The present church was begun in 1584, atop the ruins of the older church. During this latter construction, the remains of the saint Giovanni Calibita, were putatively found under the main altar. The church was reconstructed in 1640, with the façade completed in 1711, and the rich interior painted decoration completed by 1742 by Corrado Giaquinto.
The church contains an icon of the "Madonna della lampada" from the 13th century. This image traditionally was associated with a miracle: it was once at the river's edge with a votive lamp, however during the flood of 1557, while submerged, the fire in the lamp was not extinguished.


Steinkjer Station

Steinkjer Station () is a railway station located in the town of Steinkjer in the municipality of Steinkjer in Trøndelag county, Norway.
The station is located on the Nordland Line, serving both local and express trains northbound through Innherred and on to Nordland county, and southbound to the city of Trondheim. The staffed station sits adjacent to the E6 highway. The station is at the northern terminus of the Trøndelag Commuter Rail to Trondheim. An hourly service usually runs on this line.
History.
Steinkjer Station was built as part of Hell–Sunnan Line and opened on 15 November 1905 along with the rest of the line north of Verdal. The original name of the station was Steinkjær but on 5 June 1925, the spelling was changed to the present Steinkjer.
Steinkjer Station was designed by architect Paul Armin Due. He designed a number of other stations built by the Norwegian State Railways, including virtually all stations north of Levanger on Hell–Sunnanbanen and many stations on Bergensbanen, including all those in Hallingdal. The building is on two floors with living quarters for the station master on the second floor. The building was built in Art Nouveau architectural style with marked portals.


Heydon Hall

Heydon Hall is an Elizabethan house set in parkland near the village of Heydon, Norfolk, England.
The hall is Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England, and its gardens are Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Location.
The hall is just north-east of Heydon, and about north-east of Reepham, west of Aylsham and north-west of Norwich from where it is best reached via the B1149 road.
History.
The hall was built between 1581-4 for Henry Dynne, an Auditor of the Receipt of the Exchequer. From the time of Oliver Cromwell it was first owned by the Earle family being originally bought by Erasmus Earle, a Serjeant-at-law to Cromwell. An ancient oak tree at Heydon Park is said to be where Cromwell once hid from a bull, during a visit to Erasmus. A descendant, Mary, daughter of Augustine Earle married William Bulwer and it then came into the Bulwer family of Wood Dalling.
The original large park covered approximately but has mostly been broken up.
Film location.
The hall was featured in the BBC's 1996 version of "The Moonstone". Part of the British film "A Cock and Bull Story" (2006) was filmed at the hall. In spring 2021, two days of filming towards "This Sceptred Isle" took place in the grounds.


Lancaster House, Manchester

Lancaster House in Whitworth Street, Manchester, England, is a former packing and shipping warehouse built between 1905 and 1910 for Lloyd's Packing Warehouses Limited, which had, by merger, become the dominant commercial packing company in early 20th century Manchester. It is in the favoured Edwardian Baroque style and constructed of red brick and orange terracotta. It is a Grade II* listed building as of 3 October 1974.
The building was designed by Harry S. Fairhurst, who had become "the leading expert in the design of these advanced warehouses". Fairhurst was also responsible for Bridgewater House opposite, the neighbouring India House and, perhaps, Asia House, although that building has also been attributed to I.R.E. Birkett.
Fairhurst's huge buildings are "steel-framed and built to high-quality fireproof specifications".


Villa Bianca (Thessaloniki)

Villa Bianca or Villa Fernandez is the name of a famous mansion in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. It is located in Vassilisis Olgas street and was built between 1911 und 1913 as a residence for Dino Fernandez Diaz and his family. The architect was Pietro Arrigoni (variously also spelled: Piero/Pierro Arigon/Arrigon/Arigoni).
Of Sephardi (Spanish) Jewish origin, Fernandez was a wealthy merchant and industrialist of the city.
The villa passed to his daughter, where she lived with her Christian husband, and was later confiscated and used by the Germans during the Axis occupation of Greece. To escape from the Nazis, Dino Fernandez Diaz, with other members of his family, fled to Italy, but they were murdered in 1943 by the German SS near Como Lake.
The building has elements of eclecticist architecture, like many other buildings of that period in the city.
Since 2013 it houses the Municipal Art Gallery.


Tudor Court, Melbourne

Tudor Court was a well-known reception centre in the Melbourne suburb of Caulfield, described as "one of [Melbourne's] favourite venues for a celebration involving hundreds of guests eating and dancing late into the night". Despite its historical and cultural value, the property failed to make the Victorian state heritage register. Rather, the value of the land it sat upon would decide its fate. The property was sold by actor Costas Kilias on 12 July 2006 for $6.4mil and a year later, in October 2007, to Becton Property Group for $12.5mil, more than double the price one year before. The iconic building was demolished in 2007, to make way for a "luxurious" 110-suite aged-care facility opened in 2014, and operated by Arcare Pty Ltd.
History.
Based on the Queen Anne Revival Style in which the original house was built, its estimated construction was between 1901-1908. In 1909, the property "Airdrie" was home to Isabella and John Richard Rippin, director of the Port Swettenham Rubber Company Ltd, who most likely purchased the land and commissioned the building. They hosted a wedding reception there for their adopted daughter and niece, Ida Margaret Rippin. An account of the event describes a "wide entrance hall", "drawing-room, with its white walls and tinted pink frieze", "morning-room", "billiard-room", "side lawn" and "beautiful garden". The Rippins were still living there in July 1918.
In 1922, the property was home to Arthur Leslie Harden, a merchant, and his wife, Emily. The house was named "Airdrie", possibly named after the Scottish town of Airdrie North Lanarkshire.
In 1923, Frederick Sefton Holt, a manufacturer, moved in with his wife Annie Ethel, and daughter Nancy.
Annie Ethel was still the proprietress in 1934.
The Proprietor in 1954 was Cyril Edwin Charles Skuse.
The new ballroom renovated at a cost of £4,000 was opened as Tudor Court on 1 April 1933 with an April Fool's dance organised by the junior auxiliary of Caulfield Convalescent Hospital.


Bang Khun Phrom Palace

The Bang Khun Phrom Palace () is a former royal residence in Bangkok, Thailand. It served as the residence of Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu until his forced exile following the Siamese revolution of 1932.
The palace is located on the east bank of the Chao Phraya River, on Samsen Road, Phra Nakhon District. It consists of two main buildings, the road-facing Tamnak Yai (main residence) and the river-facing Tamnak Somdet (residence of Queen Sukhumala Marasri, who was mother of the Prince). The main residence, designed by Mario Tamagno in neo-Baroque/Rococo style, was built in 1901–1902, while the Queen's residence was built around 1913 to designs by Karl Döhring in the Jugendstil or German Art Nouveau style.
Following the revolution, the palace served as the site of several government offices until it became the headquarters of the Bank of Thailand in 1945. It now serves as a museum, and housed the Bank of Thailand Museum until 2017, when its main exhibition was moved to the Bank of Thailand Learning Center housed in the opposite former bank note printing press building. The palace building is a registered ancient monument, and received the ASA Architectural Conservation Award in 1993.
In the Siamese revolution of 1932, after "Khana Ratsadon" (people's party) can seize the Royal Plaza and cut off all telecommunications systems includes after announcing the first manifesto. Some of the forces have invaded here in order to control Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, who served as the regent. At that time he and his wife, along with a number of royal pages were about to flee by boat at pier behind the palace.


Mordecai Puryear House

The Mordecai Puryear House is a center-hall house in Franklin, Tennessee, United States, built around 1830. Mordecai Puryear was one of the ten original investors in the National Bank of Franklin in 1871. The bank "was one of the primary financial institutions of the county" until it failed in 1926.
The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. At the time of listing it included two contributing buildings on an area of . The house has been included in a tour of historic Franklin houses.
The house was built circa 1830 and was expanded twice, around 1850 and in 1907.


Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA; , MBAM) is an art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the largest art museum in Canada by gallery space. The museum is located on the historic Golden Square Mile stretch of Sherbrooke Street.
The MMFA is spread across five pavilions, and occupies a total floor area of , 13,000 () of which are exhibition space. With the 2016 inauguration of the Michal and Renata Hornstein Pavilion for Peace, the museum campus was expected to become the eighteenth largest art museum in North America. The permanent collection included approximately 44,000 works in 2013. The original "reading room" of the Art Association of Montreal was the precursor of the museum's current library, the oldest art library in Canada.
The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts is a member of the International Group of Organizers of Large-scale Exhibitions, also known as the Bizot Group, a forum which allows the leaders of the largest museums in the world to exchange works and exhibitions.
Founded in 1860, it is the oldest art museum in Canada
History.
Beginnings.
Founded in April 1860 by Anglican bishop Francis Fulford, the Art Association of Montreal was created to "encourage the appreciation of fine arts among the people of the city".
Since it did not have a permanent place to store acquisitions the Art Association was not able to acquire works to display nor to seek works from collectors. During the following twenty years, the organization had an itinerant existence during which its shows and expositions were held in various Montreal venues.
In 1877, the Art Association received an exceptional gift from Benaiah Gibb, a Montreal businessman. He gave the core of his art collection consisting of 72 canvases and 4 bronzes. In addition he donated to the Montreal institution a building site on the north-east corner of Phillips Square and further the sum of money of $8,000. This latter gift was on condition that a new museum be constructed on the site within three years. On the 26 May 1879, the Governor General of Canada, Sir John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, inaugurated the Art Gallery of the Art Association of Montreal, the first building in the history of Canada to be constructed specifically for the purpose of housing an art collection. The Art Gallery at Phillips Square, designed by the Hopkins and Wily architecture firm, comprised an exhibition room, another smaller room (known as the Reading Room) reserved for graphic works as well as a lecture hall and an embryonic art school. The museum was enlarged in 1893 by founding member G. Drummond's nephew, Andrew Thomas Taylor, with decorative carving by sculptor Henry Beaumont. The Art Association held an annual show of works created by its members as well as a Spring Salon devoted to the works of living Canadian Artists.
The gift made by Benaiah Gibb was a watershed event in the founding of the museum's collection. The generous gift engaged a keen interest in the public and, because of it, the donations multiplied.
Move to Sherbrooke Street West.
Too cramped at its original location, the Art Association strongly considered the idea of moving from Phillips Square to the Golden Square Mile, where the most of the city's financial elite lived at the time. They settled on the site of the abandoned Holton House, on Sherbrooke Street West, for the construction of the new museum. Senator Robert Mackay, the owner of the property, was convinced to sell the house for a good price. A committee responsible for the construction of the museum was formed consisting of James Ross, Richard B. Angus, Vincent Meredith, Louis-Joseph Forget and David Morrice (the father of painter James Wilson Morrice). Most members of this committee offered a considerable amount of their own money for the construction of the museum. This included a large donation by businessman James Ross. The Phillip's Square location was demolished in 1912, and is now a Burger King.
A limited architectural design competition was conducted to select an architect among three architectural firms that were invited to apply. The museum committee selected the project proposed by brothers Edward Maxwell and William Sutherland Maxwell. Trained in the Beaux-Arts tradition, they proposed a building that catered to French taste of the time: sober and majestic. Work began in the summer of 1910 and finished in the fall of 1912.
On December 9, 1912, the Governor General of Canada, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, inaugurated the new Museum of the Art Association of Montreal on Sherbrooke Street West in front of 3,000 people present for the occasion.
Modern era.
In 1949, the Art Association of Montreal was renamed as the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, which was more representative of the institution's mandate.
In 1972, the MMFA became a semi-public institution funded mainly by government funds.
An expansion of the museum was undertaken during the 1970s culminating in 1976, with the opening of the Liliane and David M. Stewart Pavilion. Designed by architect Fred Lebensold the building backs directly onto the back of the Michal and Renata Hornstein Pavilion. The building's architecture is modernist, made of concrete structures located along du Musée Avenue and in contrast with the classical architecture of the first pavilion. It was controversial at the time, despite innovations like the ceiling box for a track lighting and large open interior. The pavilion houses nearly 900 decorative art and design objects. Most objects come from were donated by Liliane and David M. Stewart, hence the name of the pavilion. The collection includes furniture, glass, silverware, textiles, ceramics and works of industrial design. These objects were made of a variety materials, reflecting their origins in different countries and time periods.
The appointment of Bernard Lamarre in 1982 as president of the board of directors, revitalized the museum after several difficult years. In the mid 1980s, he proposed a major expansion of the museum. This proposal led to the construction of the Jean-Noël Desmarais Pavilion. In 1991, the museum's third building, designed by Moshe Safdie, was built on the south side of Sherbrooke Street. It was funded by contributions from governments and the members of the business community, notably the Desmarais family. Safdie's architectural design incorporated the facade of New Sherbrooke Apartments, an apartment-hotel that occupied the site since 1905.
1972 robbery.
On September 4, 1972, the museum was the site of the largest art theft in Canadian history, when armed thieves made off with jewellery, figurines and 18 paintings worth a total of $2 million at the time (approximately $ million today), including works by Delacroix, Gainsborough and a rare Rembrandt landscape ("Landscape with Cottages"). One painting, believed at the time to have been a Jan Brueghel the Elder but later reattributed to one of his students, was returned by the thieves as a way of opening ransom negotiations; the rest have never been recovered. The thieves likewise have never been identified, although there is at least one informal suspect. In 2003, "The Globe and Mail" estimated that the Rembrandt alone would be worth $1 million.
With the insurance money from the theft, the museum bought a large Peter Paul Rubens painting, "The Leopards", which it promoted as the largest Rubens in Canada. However, years later a conservator had the paint tested and found that the red pigments in it were mixed around 1687, four decades after Rubens died; the painting has since been reattributed to Rubens' students. In 2007, on the 35th anniversary of the theft, it was removed from exhibit and remains in storage.
2011 theft.
One day before the 39th anniversary of the 1972 theft, a visitor took a Roman marble head from the 1st century CE from its pedestal. The perpetrator was able to escape the museum before the head's absence was discovered. Late in October 2011, about eight weeks after the original theft, a similarly-sized sandstone relief of a guard's head dating to 5th-century-BCE Persia was stolen the same way. The two works were valued at $1.3 million together.
In late 2013 a tip led investigators to the home of Simon Metke, an Edmonton man. The SQ, in conjunction with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, executed a search warrant and recovered the Persian piece in January 2014. He was charged with possession of stolen property, possessing the proceeds of a crime and possessing a controlled substance for the purpose of trafficking; his girlfriend faced the latter two charges as well.
Metke pled guilty to the first charge in April 2017. He and the prosecutors agreed that while he did not know the relief had been stolen, he could have taken more steps to ascertain that it had not been than just doing a Google search on "Is a Mesopotamian artifact missing?" He received a conditional discharge with probation and community service as his sentence; a character in the 2016 film "Yoga Hosers" was inspired by him after the story was reported in the media.
The insurance company had taken legal ownership of the relief as a result of paying the claim, and while the museum could have bought it back by simply repaying the claim it declined to do so, as the relief was offered for sale at the 2016 Frieze Art Fair. While police suggested at the time of Metke's arrest they had some leads on the thief, he has not been identified. The Roman head also remains missing as of 2017.
Pavilions.
The museum is partitioned into five pavilions: a 1912 Beaux Arts building designed by William Sutherland Maxwell and brother Edward Maxwell, now named the Michal and Renata Hornstein Pavilion; the modernist Jean-Noël Desmarais Pavilion across the street, designed by Moshe Safdie, built in 1991; the Liliane and David M. Stewart Pavilion, the Claire and Marc Bourgie Pavilion built 2011 and recently inaugurated the Michal and Renata Hornstein Pavilion for Peace.
While the Desmarais Pavilion houses modern and contemporary art collection, the Hornstein's focus is specifically archaeology and ancient art; the Lilian and David M. Stewart is devoted to decorative arts and design. The Claire and Marc Bourgie houses the Quebec and Canadian art, and the new Michal and Renata Hornstein Pavilion for peace is the home for the international art collection.
On February 14, 2007, the museum's administration board announced its project to convert the , located on Sherbrooke West street, into a Canadian art pavilion. This new pavilion allowed the museum to double the display surface currently dedicated to Canadian artists. A Romanesque Revival church with Tiffany stained glass, dating from 1893–94, the church had been designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1998. It was named the Claire and Marc Bourgie pavilion, as a recognition of the family's considerable financial support, and opened in 2010.
With the addition of a fifth pavilion, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts occupies a surface area of , of which is dedicated to exhibition space. The expansion will make it the eighteenth largest art museum in North America.
Collection.
In 1892, John W. Tempest bequeathed sixty oil paintings and watercolor paintings as well as a trust fund for the purchase of works of art. This was the main source of income for the museum's acquisition of European paintings until the 1950s.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the large art collections owned by many prominent Montreal families became dispersed through shared inheritance. However, some heirs made large donations to the museum, such members of the Drummond, Angus, Van Horne, and Hosmer families, among others. In 1927, a collection of over 300 objects, including 150 paintings, was donated by the descendants of Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal.
In 1917, the Art Association of Montreal created a department devoted to the decorative arts. The department was entrusted to Frederick Cleveland Morgan, who became the curator of the collection on a voluntary basis from 1917 until his death in 1962. Morgan added more than 7,000 pieces in the form of acquisitions, bequests or donations to the museum's collection. He also expanded the mandate of the museum, from an institution dedicated solely to the fine arts to an encyclopedic museum, open to all forms of art.
Since 1955, the museum gained the acquisition funds it needed to buy Canadian or foreign works from the legacy of Horsley and Annie Townsend. Several gifts and bequests are made by the heirs or descendants of the collectors who founded the Art Association. Other donations come from new donors such as Joseph Arthur Simard, who in 1959 offered a collection of 3,000 Japanese incense boxes that belonged to the French statesman Georges Clemenceau.
In 1960, the centennial of the founding of the Art Association of Montreal was highlighted by the publication of a catalog of selected works from the collection and a museum guide.
On September 4, 1972, a major theft took place at the museum. Fifty objects were taken including eighteen paintings, including works by Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot and Eugène Delacroix that were never recovered.
Major contributions have been made by Renata and Michal Hornstein since the 1970s. These have included works by Old Masters, as well as several of the largest collections of drawings of the Swiss painter Ferdinand Hodler.
These gifts expanded the range of the museum's collections, and reached a peak in 2000, with admission of the modern design collection assembled by Liliane M. Stewart and David M. Stewart, long a part of the Montreal Decorative Arts Museum and exhibited at the MMFA from 1997 to 2000. Liliane M. Stewart donated over 5,000 objects to the museum's collection (estimated value of C$15 million).
Affiliations.
The museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, the Canadian Heritage Information Network, and the Virtual Museum of Canada.


Millennium of Russia

The Millennium of Russia (Russian "Тысячелетие России") is a bronze monument in the Novgorod Kremlin. It was erected in 1862 to celebrate the millennium of Rurik's arrival to Novgorod, an event traditionally taken as a starting point of the history of Russian statehood.
A competition to design the monument was held in 1859. An architect Viktor Hartmann and an artist Mikhail Mikeshin were declared the winners. Mikeshin's design called for a grandiose, 15-metre-high bell crowned by a cross symbolizing the tsar's power. The bell was to be encircled with several tiers of sculptures representing Russian monarchs, clerics, generals, and artists active during various periods of Russian history.
Mikeshin himself was no sculptor, therefore the 129 individual statues for the monument were made by the leading Russian sculptors of the day, including his friend Ivan Schroeder and the celebrated Alexander Opekushin. Rather unexpectedly for such an official project, the tsars and commanders were represented side by side with sixteen eminent personalities of Russian culture: Lomonosov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Karl Brullov, Mikhail Glinka, etc. As for the Russian rulers, Ivan the Terrible is famously absent from the monument due to his role in the 1570 pillage and massacre of Novgorod by the Oprichnina. Alongside the Muscovite princes, the medieval Lithuanian dynasts such as Gediminas or Vytautas the Great who reigned over the Eastern Slavs of the present-day Belarus and Ukraine are represented.
The most expensive Russian monument up to that time, it was erected at a cost of 400,000 roubles, mostly raised by public subscription. In order to provide an appropriate pedestal for the huge sculpture, sixteen blocks of Sortavala granite were brought to Novgorod, each weighing in excess of 35 tons. The bronze monument itself weighs 100 tons.
At the time when the monument was inaugurated, many art critics felt that it was overloaded with figures. Supporters regard Mikeshin's design as harmonious with the medieval setting of the Kremlin, and subtly accentuating the vertical thrust and grandeur of the nearby 11th-century Saint Sophia Cathedral.
During World War II, the Germans dismantled the monument, and prepared it to be transported to Germany. However, the Red Army regained control of Novgorod and the monument was restored to public view in 1944. A 5-ruble commemorative coin was released in the USSR in 1988 to commemorate the monument.


Cedar Breaks National Monument Visitor Center

The Visitor Center is a historic log cabin in the Cedar Breaks National Monument in southeastern Iron County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).
Description.
The visitors center was built in 1937 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the National Park Service Rustic style. The visitor center is located on the rim of the Cedar Breaks amphitheater, overlooking the stone rock formations. It was constructed of peeled logs with dramatically extended ends, cut to a tapered buttress shape. A large, battered stone chimney at one end echoes the log detailing. The roof is covered by cedar shakes, with extended log purlin ends.
The cabin has two rooms on 606 square feet (65 m2) with an attached porch. The porch is inset into the front facade, covered by an inset shed roof.
The Cedar Breaks Caretaker's Cabin was listed on the NRHP on August 4, 1983. The nearby Cedar Breaks National Monument Caretaker's Cabin was built to a similar design by the same CCC crew from the Zion CCC camp.


Valmora Sanatorium Historic District

The Valmora Sanatorium Historic District, near Watrous, New Mexico, includes building(s) dating from 1910. It was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The listing included nine contributing buildings and a contributing site (a park), on .
It was a tuberculosis sanatorium complex which included a hospital and cottages for patients. Surviving buildings include the hospital (1920), a dining hall, a recreation hall, two of the original cottages, and a doctor's residence.
According to signatures in surviving architectural drawings, the hospital, built in 1920, was designed by architect F. Trent Thomas and associate Carlos Vierra, apparently of Rapp, Rapp and Hendrickson. According to the NRHP nomination, "Stylistically the hospital is an amalgam of California Mission Revival (towers, gable and hip roofs, overhanging eaves, inner courtyard) and the Spanish-Pueblo Revival (asymmetry, carved corbels, portals, heavy exposed lintels, buttresses, inner courtyard), all covered with the standing-seam metal roofs characteristic of the New Mexico Vernacular."
It has also been known as Valmora Industrial Sanatorium and Valmora Medical Center, and more recently as Valmora, Inc.
It is located on a creek, Wolf Creek, near its confluence with the Mora River, off New Mexico State Road 97, east of its junction with New Mexico State Road 161, northeast of Watrous.


Palacio de Fuensalida

The Palace of Fuensalida, is a palace located in city of Toledo (Castile-La Mancha, Spain) built at the end of the first half of the 15th century by Pedro López de Ayala, the first lord of Fuensalida, is a great example of the Toledan Mudéjar, a historical typology that is scarce in Toledo built heritage, where merge three styles: Gothic, Plateresque and Mudéjar.
It is integrated in a big block, which also includes the Taller del Moro and the Iglesia de Santo Tomé, which forms the north façade of the Plaza del Conde.
The first Count of Fuensalida, Pedro López de Ayala, carved this house towards 1440 for the mayorazgos of this title, of which was founder. This first Count of Fuensalida, son of the famous Chancellor López de Ayala, was main mayor of Toledo, mayor of the fortresses of the city, and, consequently, retired mayor of the King.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, despite his pilgrimage, landed in Toledo no less than nineteen homes, and he lived in this Palace while the construction of the Alcázar was completed. In his letters and in its courtyard, the child who would become king, Philip II, experienced some of his childhood experiences, along with his mother, the Empress. Today, a sculpture by Pompeo Leoni representing Isabel of Portugal presides over the courtyard of Fuensalida.
Legend.
History, sometimes, is transmuted into legend. A particular episode happened in the Palace in the absence of the Emperor: the illness and death of his wife, Doña Isabel of Portugal. From here departed the procession with the corpse towards Granada and the legend arises that takes body and is maintained until today. Francisco de Borja, Duke of Gandía, an aulic knight, according to some, anonymously in love with the Empress, led the funeral procession, and he had to recognize Doña Isabel's corpse upon his arrival in the city of the Alhambra. There he opened the coffin and, after verifying the deterioration of the beauty of which it was his mistress, they say that he pronounced those proverbial words: "I will not serve again to any lord that can die."
That event made him change his life. He was ordained a priest and professed in the Society of Jesus, of which he was third General Superior. Then the Church made him Saint.


Untermyer Park and Gardens

Untermyer Park and Gardens is a historic city public park, located in Yonkers, New York in Westchester County, just north of New York City. The park is a remnant of Samuel J. Untermyer's estate "Greystone". Situated on the steep land arising from the eastern bank of the Hudson River to the bluff on top of it, the park features a Walled Garden inspired by ancient IndoPersian gardens, a small Grecian-style open-air amphitheater with two facing sphynxes supported by tall Ionic columns, a classical pavilion, stoa and loggias, a rock-and-water feature called the "The Temple of Love", as well as a long staircase from the Walled Garden to an Overlook with views of the river and the Palisades.
The gardens were developed beginning in 1916 by Untermyer, a prominent lawyer and civic leader, and were designed by architect and landscape designer William W. Bosworth, with fountains by Charles Wellford Leavitt, and sculptures by Paul Manship and other artists. The gardens were regularly opened to the public, hosted performances of noted dancers, actors and musicians, and were considered to be among the finest gardens in the United States.
When Untermyer died in 1940, he had hoped to donate the whole estate to the United States, or the State of New York, or at least to the City of Yonkers. Eventually Yonkers agreed to accept part of the estate. The parcel, which was the core of the gardens, and which has been added to since that time, was renamed Untermyer Park and Gardens in his honor. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Untermyer Gardens have recently undergone a significant campaign of restorations, which is continuing.
History.
In 1865, John T. Waring, the owner of the largest hat factory in the U.S., bought 33 acres of land from the Bolmer estate, and had architect John Davis Hatch build a turreted mansion on it which Waring called "Greystone", a name which remains on the nearby Metro-North train station. In 1876, Waring had some financial reversals and moved to Boston, putting the 99-room mansion up for rent.
Politician Samuel J. Tilden a former governor of New York state and a failed Presidential candidate, rented the mansion from Waring in 1879, and bought it and the estate soon after. Tilden had an interest in horticulture and built 13 greenhouses to grow ornamental plants as well as fruits and vegetables.
Tilden died at Greystone on August 4, 1886, and Samuel J. Untermyer bought the property at auction in 1899 from Tilden's estate. Untermyer – who was born in Virginia in 1858 and moved to New York City as a boy – was a lawyer, a partner in the firm of Guggenheimer, Untermyer & Marshall. He is noted as being the first lawyer in the U.S. to receive a fee of one million dollars for a single case. A good investor, Untermyer became extremely wealthy. He also transitioned from practicing corporate law to taking cases which involved promoting the public welfare.
Building the gardens.
Untermyer had a passion for horticulture, which he said he inherited from his mother, and was an expert in the subject. According to his family, if he could have lived his life over again, he would have wanted to be the New York City Parks Commissioner. Untermyer wanted his estate to have formal gardens, and his competitive nature wanted them to be better than John D. Rockefeller's, whose estate Kykuit was not too far away, so in 1916, after buying additional property to the north and east of the original estatate to expand it to , Untermyer hired the École des Beaux Arts trained architect and landscape designer William Welles Bosworth – who had contributed to the architecture of Kykuit on and off for 20 years – to build "the finest garden in the world."
Bosworth, despite his Beaux Arts training, had become conflicted about the influence of that style on American landscape gardening, and the jumble of other styles that were mixed into it with imported garden ornaments from Europe. In an article in "The American Architect" he complained about the "resulting incoherence [due to the fact that] lacking a tradition at home, our minds are furnished with pictures of every sort of formal garden." He regretted that the U.S. had "no pure historic style" of its own. Bosworth himself preached that the topography of the land on which the garden was to be built, and the position of the house on the property, should determine what kind of features it should contain. To Bosworth, is was also ideal that the house and garden should be built at the same time. This was not possible with the Untermyer estate, as Greystone was already built and was not well-sited for Bosworth's purposes. The land as well was not flat and regular as a tradition formal garden would require. Instead, Untermyer's estate was rocky and irregular with hillocks, mounds, outcroppings and dips, and it sloped steeply down to the Hudson River.
In addition, while Rockefeller wanted a spring and fall garden, as he and his family did not live at Kykuit in the summer, Untermyer's focus was on horticulture and growing things, and wanted Bosworth to provide – along with stands of trees, water features and architectural effects – a plan which would allow for fruits, shrubs and flower to be grown. Bosworth decided that the only part of the estate which would be appropriate for this was the site of a previous garden in the northeast portion of the property. The difficulty was to unify the landscape, and integrate the main house, several smaller houses, and the greenhouses – which Bosworth did not appreciate, but which were extremely important to Untermyer – into the overall scheme.
Bosworth came up with a plan for the gardens: the greenhouse would act as a portal to the formal landscapes, of which there would be six main sections, the Walled Garden, the Vista, the Color Gardens, the Rose Garden, the Vegetable Gardens, and the Temple of Love, perched on a rocky promontory. Of these, the Walled Garden – which was not always called that – was the most significant. This "Indo-Persian kind of garden", as Bosworth called it, had crenellated of walls of beige bricks on three sides, with octagonal towers, all covered in cream-colored stucco scored with a diamond pattern. Bosworth may have been inspired by the Agra Fort in northern India. The fourth side of the garden was open to views of the Hudson. The main entrance was a large rectangular limestone gate topped by a relief of Artemis by Ulric H. Ellhusen.
The Walled Garden had a canal which ran south-north, from the entrance to the small open-air amphitheater at the other end, and another which bisected it running east-west, with a small pool at the intersection. Each canal had numerous water jets. Untermyer had hired the engineer Charles Wellford Leavitt to design the fountains for the gardens. Unfortunately, as of 2020 none of the fountains are in operation.
The Walled Garden also featured the Temple of the Sky, an open-air circular colonnade of 14 Corinthian columns topped by an entablature, overlooking a swimming pool. The floor of the colonnade was a circular pink, grey and pale green mosaic, with the head of Medusa at the center.
The result was, for a time, one of the most celebrated gardens in the United States. Untermyer opened the grounds weekly to the public in the 1920s and '30s and for special events, such as displays of his noted chrysanthemums and tulips. On a single day in 1939, 30,000 people visited the gardens. Noted artists also performed there, such as Isadora Duncan
The quality of horticulture at the Untermyer Gardens was nationally famous, and some great gardeners got their training there. Eventually, the estate had 60 greenhouses and employed 60 gardeners.
The gardens after Untermyer.
Untermyer died in 1940. He had wished to give the gardens to the United States, to New York State or failing that, to the City of Yonkers, but because of the great cost of the upkeep of the gardens, which were not accompanied by an endowment, the bequest was initially refused by all three bodies. Finally, in 1946, of the land was accepted as a gift by the City of Yonkers, and became a city public park. The mansion itself was eventually torn down.
Because of inadequate funding, much of the property was not maintained; a number of structures gradually fell into disrepair, and parts of the site became overgrown, reverting to woodland. In the 1970s an effort was made to restore the garden by Yonkers Mayor Angelo Martinelli, architect James Piccone and Larry Martin, but the campaign was short-lived and the property deteriorated again. In the 1990s community leaders such as Nortrud Spero and Joe Kozlowski and the Open Space Institute persuaded Mayor Terence Zaleski to purchase more of the original estate's land with the help of the Trust for Public Land, resulting in the of the park today.
Untermyer Park and Gardens was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Since 2011, the Untermyer Gardens Conservancy, a non-profit organization, has been working on restoring the gardens, in partnership with the Yonkers Parks Department. Grants from New York state of $100,000 in 2005 and $65,000 in 2009 helped to finance the renovation and rehabilitation of the park. The Conservancy employs head gardener Timothy Tilghman and six other full-time gardeners, and receives advice from Wave Hill's founding director of horticulture, Marco Polo Stufano.
Gardens.
Untermyer Park and Gardens has a number of preserved, restored or re-imagined main features, plus some remnants of original features such as the Sundial Garden, the Six Color Gardens, and the Rose and Dahlia Garden.
Walled Garden.
The Walled Garden – which is surrounded by a crenellated walls with octagonal towers – is based on the Indo-Persian gardens of antiquity, called Paradise gardens or "charbagh"s. Like those ancient gardens, it is divided into quadrilateral sections by waterways, a concept based on the four gardens of Paradise or Eden mentioned in the Qur'an and the Bible. In the Bible, the four rivers of Eden were the Pison, the Gihon, the Tigris and the Euphrates, while the two trees were the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. In Islamic scripture, Paradise ("jannah") had four rivers: water, milk, honey and wine, and the Tree of Life. The four waterways of the Untermyer gardens are – clockwise from the garden's entrance – the South, West, North and East Canals, which meet in a pool at the center.
While conceptually Indo-Persian, many of the elements that Bosworth designed for the Walled Garden are derived from Greek models, such as the Temple of the Sky, a tempietto, on the western edge of the garden, a circle of Corinthian columns made of Alabama marble topped by an entablature, with a large swimming pool with lion's heads sculpted by Frederick R. Roth spouting water, the stoa on the eastern wall for guests to relax in, and the open air amphitheater at the north end where performers would entertain guests. A prominent feature of the amphitheater are the two facing marble sphynxes sculpted by Paul Manship, one of the most famous sculptors of th time, which sit on platforms each supported by two tall Ionic columns of cipollino marble. The sphynxes were influenced by Attic architecture.
Other architectural elements, such as the great gate through which one enters the garden, and the tiled stage of the amphitheater, were based on Mycenaean motifs. The gate was based on the Bronze Age Great Lion Gate of the citadel of Mycenae, but without the two sculpted lions of the original, while the tiling of the amphitheater's stage floor was based on a fresco from the ancient city of Tiryns, which featured spirals and papyrus lotus blossoms.
The Vista and Overlook.
The Vista is a long descending staircase which runs from an inconspicuous doorway in the loggia of the lower terrace of the Walled Garden down towards the Hudson River, where it culminates in the Overlook. The staircase is modeled on the Renaissance era Villa d'Este in Italy at Lake Como. The sides were originally planted with Japanese cedar trees to mimic the dark cypress trees of the original staircase, however invasive tree species wreaked havoc, and the trees had to be restored later.
The Overlook features two ancient Roman monolithic cipollino marble columns which came from the estate of noted architect Stanford White.
Lion & Unicorn Gate and Ruin Garden.
The Lion and Unicorn Gate entrance to the gardens is located at the Old Croton Aqueduct State Historic Park. The old gatehouse is now the Ruin Garden, completed in 2019. The lion and unicorn sculptures were restored, including a new head for the unicorn, and the masonry was cleaned and restored. A root cellar was converted into a grotto and fountain. Actual graffiti inside the gatehouse was preserved, and the plantings of the garden are meant to give the feeling of being in an abandoned, ruined house.
Rhododendron Walk.
The densely-planted Rhododendron Walk, a new feature dating from 2019, is meant to evoke Untermyer's rhododendron collection. It leads from the Ruin Garden to the main gardens above.
The Temple of Love and Rock and Stream Garden.
The Temple of Love is a cantilevered rocky fantasy designed by a Genoese stone mason Carlo Davite, with a round temple folly on top. In Untermyer's time it was surrounded by an extensive rock garden with terraced beds. Many of the rocks are hollowed out in order to be used as planters.
The Rock and Stream Garden is the remnant of the original Rock Garden, which featured a tiny stream running through a jumble of stones. It was buried beneath vegetation and dirt for many years, until it was rediscovered and rebuilt using elements of the original, and connecting it to the watercourse of the Temple of Love, which includes waterfalls, ponds and bridges.
References.
Informational notes
Citations
Bibliography


The One (Toronto)

The One is a supertall skyscraper currently under construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. When completed, it will be the tallest building in Canada. At 309 metres (1,014 feet) and 85 storeys, it will be taller than First Canadian Place, which has been Canada's tallest building since 1976. It will also be Canada's first supertall (300+ m) skyscraper, as defined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Construction of the building is expected to be completed by 2022 or 2023, with the retail space anticipated for opening in 2020.
Located in Toronto's Yorkville neighbourhood at the intersection of Yonge and Bloor, The One is across the street from the 257 metre (844 feet) tall One Bloor condominium building. It will also stand next to Two Bloor West, an existing skyscraper completed in 1972. The site of The One involved land assembly that includes properties at 768 Yonge Street, in addition to those at 1 and 11 Bloor Street West.
Developer Sam Mizrahi acquired the land in October 2014 for million. Mizrahi received approval from the city to build on September 12, 2016. The total cost for the project is reported to be $1 billion.
Design.
Mizrahi hired the London-based Foster and Partners as the design architect, and Core Architects as the local architect. He travelled to London to design the building using an exoskeleton structure. The design of the building was revised based on recommendations from RWDI and the organization's wind tunnel testing. The final design no longer features a structural exoskeleton; however, it retains diagonal hangers which maintain a triangulated appearance. The structural engineer of record for the project is RJC Engineers. The extra height of the building has been determined to not have increased shadowing impacts on nearby parks.
Retail & Hotel.
The first 18 storeys of The One will include restaurants, event spaces, two major retailers and a luxury Hyatt hotel created under its boutique Andaz brand. The 160-room Andaz Toronto will occupy the fourth to sixteenth floors of the building, with the lobby on the fourth floor and an outdoor pool deck on the sixth floor.
An Apple Store is expected to be the anchor tenant of The One, and the retail portion of the tower is scheduled to open in 2020.
Residential.
Above the retail outlet, the tower's residential section will have a total of 416 units. The One will include four penthouse units. Four storeys of parking will exist underground, and the building will connect to the Bloor–Yonge station and nearby buildings via an underground walkway system similar to (but separate from) the city's PATH system.
Acquiring the property.
For 114 years, One Bloor West, where The One will be built, was the location of Stollerys, a men's and women's fine clothing store founded by president Ed Whaley and owned by his family. Other developers had interest in buying and developing One Bloor West. However, Mizrahi met with Whaley regularly and the two developed a friendship around shared values. Whaley called Mizrahi a "gentleman" and someone who "builds a quality building". After Mizrahi purchased the properties for The One, Mizrahi provided a written promise to Whaley that a monument, built from the stones of Stollerys, would be developed at the site of The One.
On January 7, 2015, Mizrahi applied for a demolition permit of the Stollerys building. Six days later, local Councillor Kristyn Wong-Tam put forward a motion at the Toronto and East York Community Council in order to designate the building as a heritage site. However, Mizrahi was granted the demolition permit on January 16, and in order to prevent the heritage designation, started to demolish the building on the weekend starting Saturday, January 17. These actions angered many in the heritage groups and prompted calls for new processes for heritage and demolition in the city of Toronto.
Progress.
In June 2016, the city of Toronto’s planning staff gave a positive report on plans for The One’s development, including in their report a number of community benefit recommendations. The report found that plans for The One met Toronto’s planning policies and guidelines. On April 18, 2017, the project was approved by the Ontario Municipal Board (OMB). With approval both by the OMB and by Toronto's city council, pre-construction as well as pre-sales of The One's units began. As of spring 2017, more than 3,000 people had pre-registered for the 416 residential units.
In August 2017, The One secured its new round of lending replacing existing debt, with Firm Capital Corp. lending million ( million) as a first mortgage on The One. In November 2017, The One's presentation centre opened for the first time for people who pre-registered.
On August 23, 2017, construction of The One officially broke ground, with excavation nearly complete as of October 2018. In November 2018, a special crane, the Link-Belt TG2300B, described by a source as potentially the highest capacity crane deployed in Toronto, was brought to the site to begin construction of the tower. The creation of 32 mega caissons, which will be used to support the tower, was completed in April 2019. On May 1, 2019, it was announced that The One will include a 160-room Andaz hotel, expected to open in 2022.
In September 2019, The One secured a new round of financing, with Korean fund IGIS Asset Management Co. Ltd. lending million ( million) to the project. In October 2019, a mock-up was installed to physically illustrate The One's brushed aluminum and glazing cladding.
In December 2019, construction halted on the building, with the City of Toronto issuing a "stop-work order" on the site. On August 31, 2020, the building was issued a conditional above-grade permit by the City of Toronto, allowing for above-grade construction of the building to begin. Work on the second floor began in December 2020 with the laying of floor forms and assembly of rebar. Construction of the surrounding podium structure has also started. In January 2021, Mizrahi Developments applied through an addendum for a height increase for The One. If approved by the city of Toronto, The One will be 94 storeys tall with a planned height of 338.3 metres, which would make The One the tallest tower currently planned in Canada.


W. K. Kellogg House

The W.K. Kellogg House, located at 1 Monroe Street in Battle Creek, Michigan, was built as a private house for Kellogg Company founder Will Keith Kellogg. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In 1990, it was moved from its original location at 256 West Van Buren Street to its present location near the W.K. Kellogg Foundation headquarters.
History.
Beginning in 1880, W.K. Kellogg served as business manager at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, whose head physician at the time was Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, W.K.'s older brother. While there, W.K. experimented with grain-based substitutes for meat and bread, and accidentally discovered a process to manufacture cereal flakes. In 1906, W.K. Kellogg left the sanitarium to start his own company, then called the Battle Creek Tasted Corn Flake Company (later changed to the Kellogg Company). Despite established competition, Kellogg's company quickly became profitable.
In 1909, Kellogg moved into a house located at 2650 W. Van Buren Street. In 1918, he married his second wife, Dr.. Carrie Staines, a physician at the sanitarium. He then had this house constructed next door, at 256 West Van Buren Street. The Kelloggs lived there until 1924, when they moved into an apartment building they owned. In 1927, Kellogg moved his sales manager, Dwight Mahan, into the house at 256 West Van Buren Street. Kellogg continued to own the house into the 1940s. In 1990, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation was in the process of building a new headquarters, and purchased the Kellogg's house. In march of that year, they moved it from its original location to a new site located across the river from their new headquarters. The house is still owned by the Foundation.
Description.
The W. K. Kellogg House is a two-story, T-plan house with a low, slate-covered hipped roof and stucco exterior. The roof has wide, projecting eaves and small round-head dormers. The main facade contains French doors with a transom above, and a band of paired casement windows on the second story. A brick terrace is below the French doors. Other facades have sash-type windows on the upper and lower floors.
The interior of the house contains a parlor, sunroom, dining room, kitchen and pantry on the first floor and four bedrooms, a sunroom, and two bathrooms on the second.


List of Chinese gardens

This is a list of Chinese-style gardens both within China and elsewhere in the world.
Greater China.
This list is organized by region within the Greater China region, roughly following the structure laid out by Maggie Keswick in "The Chinese Garden". The names of Chinese gardens are very problematic in English; this list aims to capture all the major variants, both in Chinese and in English.
Outside Greater China.
Australasia.
https://hamiltongardens.co.nz/collections/paradise-collection/chinese-scholars-garden/


Eldon House

Eldon House is a historic house and museum located in London, Ontario. The Eldon House property was converted into a public park, now called Harris Park. Eldon House is the oldest continued residence in the city of London. It was inhabited by the family of John and Amelia Harris from 1834 until they gifted it to the City of London in 1959. The original owner, Captain John Harris, named Eldon House after the Earl of Eldon, whom he admired.
As a museum, Eldon House offers tours and programming including yearly events such as Canada Day, Victorian Christmas, and in city-wide celebrations of heritage and culture.
The Museum is affiliated with CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada.
History.
This Georgian property was built in 1834, originally on of land.
Captain John Harris met his wife Amelia Ryerse in 1815. The Ryerse family were prominent Canadians and British Loyalists. The pair married in June 1815 and had twelve children; ten survived and grew up in Eldon House. On 10 September 1834, Amelia Ryerse Harris, John Harris, and their then eight children moved into Eldon House and occupied it thereafter for the next 125 years. Their seven daughters were distinguished members of the London social scene and some married members of the British military. Upon John's death, the house passed to each of their three sons, John Fitzjohn, Edward William and George Becher. Edward William was responsible for an addition to the house, added in 1877.
George Becher Harris, a partner in the Harris brothers law firm, married Mary Elizabeth Lucy Ronalds (known as Lucy), who was the only great-grandchild of both nurseryman Hugh Ronalds and fur trader William Robertson. John Askin was another of her great-grandfathers. Lucy and George raised their four children at Raleigh House, a few blocks north and in Eldon House, and in 1887 took over ownership of Eldon House from George's brother Edward. Lucy eventually inherited Robertson's fortune and the contents of the Ronalds family home in Brentford, England. Due to the influx of wealth, the family was able to take an extravagant world tour in 1897. Many of the family's heirlooms and souvenirs are still on display at Eldon House.
After George's death in 1923, his oldest son, George Henry Ronald Harris took over ownership of the home. Ronald was a graduate of the Royal Military College of Canada and worked as a mining engineer in Greenwood, British Columbia (1900–1); Quebec; Mossammides, Angola West, Africa (1901–03); East Africa Syndicates (1903–4); and Cassinga Concessions, Angola (1905–8). Many of his souvenirs, especially weaponry from Africa, are on display. Ronald Harris and his wife Lorna Gibbons lived in Eldon House with their three children: George, born in 1910; Amelia Lucy, born in 1913; and Ronald Sutton (Robin) born in 1919 and with Ronald's older sister, Amelia (Milly) Harris. After the death of George Henry Ronald Harris' sister in 1959, his children donated the house and gardens to the City of London.
An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected by the province to commemorate The Eldon House's role in Ontario's heritage.


First National Bank of Mankato

The First National Bank of Mankato, also known as the Old First National Bank of Mankato and located at 229 South Front Street in Mankato, Minnesota, United States, is a fine example of Prairie School architecture in a commercial building, relating rural life to the development of downtown Mankato as a regional center of commerce and finance. The recently restored exterior is now part of the Mankato Civic Center, the Mayo Clinic Health System Event Center.
History.
Mankato was settled by Whites beginning in 1852, on land previously occupied by the indigenous Sisseton ("Lake Village") Dakota Sioux until they were forced to cede it under the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux of 1851. Experiencing rapid growth, Mankato sprouted quarries, industries, stores, hotels, and other commercial concerns. "Perhaps most crucial to these businesses, and to the farmers in Blue Earth County, were Mankato's banks."
The First National Bank of Mankato was one of the three competing financial institutions in the early 20th century, along with the Citizens' National Bank and the Mankato State Bank (earlier Mankato National Bank). First National had already been the target of the famous aborted robbery attempt by Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang in 1876, which immediately preceded their defeat at Northfield.
The building eventually built by Ellerbe and Round for the First National Bank involves a likely case of stolen designs. Looking for a new building, First National officials approached Carl K. Bennett of Owatonna, Minnesota, who connected them with the famous Minneapolis-based architectural firm of Purcell and Elmslie in 1912. According to several accounts, Purcell and Elmslie drew extensive sketches for the proposed building which they left with the bank officials. Later informed by mail that the bank would not be using them, they requested that the sketches be returned. The sketches were, but only after a delay of many weeks, during which time the bank hired Ellerbe and Round to be their architects.
It appears that their 1913 design made extensive use of the Purcell and Elmslie sketches. Purcell and Elmslie even received several congratulatory letters from people familiar with their work who had assumed the design was theirs. Although the design closely follows the Purcell and Elmslie design, Ellerbe and Round did eliminate the landscaped forecourt and a deep arch at the front.
Ellerbe and Round would go on to become famous for designing a number of structures for the Mayo Clinic, including the original "Red" Building of 1914.
Originally occupying the prominent corner of Front Street South and West Hickory Street, the First National Bank building was threatened with demolition. Instead, the exterior has been restored and incorporated into the south side of the Mayo Clinic Health System Event Center as one of the center's event spaces. With that portion of Front Street gone, the restored bank exterior can now be accessed at approximately 105 West Hickory Street.
Architecture.
The First National Bank building includes Mankato limestone, brick, and terra cotta in a manner similar to that of the "jewel box" banks of Louis Sullivan or the banks of his former employees, William Gray Purcell and George Elmslie. The brick building's architectural features include Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired stained glass windows and intricate ornamentation at the roof-line.
Even though David Gebhard and Tom Martinson conclude that the resulting building lacks the "liveliness" of a work by Sullivan or by Purcell and Elmslie, they consider it "a good academic exercise in the Prairie Style" and "the most important single building in Mankato."


Dinmore Manor

Dinmore Manor House is a large rural house in a well-wooded, hilly part of Herefordshire in the least populous parish of the county, Dinmore. It was substantially rebuilt in late 16th century, altered around 1830 and extended around the year 1928. The main house is a Grade II listed building. The outlying chapel is mostly medieval and is grade II* listed.
Ownership and renovations.
The Manor was owned by former Carphone Warehouse Director Martin Dawes, according to a June 2018 news item discussing the intended sale of the property. Dawes had acquired the Manor property in 1999 from the estate of Charles Ian Murray, a descendant of the former owner Richard Hollins Murray had who acquired the property in 1927.
In addition to the Manor House, the wider estate includes other residential properties, a magnificent shoot, an outstanding cattle breeding facility and a world class equestrian complex. A 2008 report stated that the Estate was closed to the public apart from occasional shoot days. The Estate also has a successful cattle breeding operation which specialises in pedigree Limousin cattle, owned by Paul Dawes and managed by Richard Bartle as of May 2020.
A May 2019 report on the intended sale of the estate indicated that the property included the manor house and 19 restored houses and cottages that were let to tenants on a short-term basis. A major restoration of the manor was completed after 1999. Another report, in 2018, provided more specifics about the work completed by Hollins Murray in the 1920s and 1930s:[He] spent a considerable sum on the house, including several ‘Gothic’ additions, and restored the 13th century chapel of the Knight Hospitallers of Jerusalem, as well as the cloisters leading from the chapel to the manor. (Murray was an Officer of the Order of St. John Jerusalem). The gardens were also re-landscaped with the creation of a new rock garden ... regularly opened to the public [after the restoration].
Garden and woodland.
At above sea level, centred two-thirds up a many-miles long stepped east slope, the site has viewpoints over the abrupt north–south vale of the Lugg to the Malvern Hills. The garden has a 1,200-year-old Yew. The compact formal garden is not listed. It mainly comprises a rock garden, a group of Acers and a water garden.
Chapel.
The chapel to Saint John of Jerusalem remains on the site. Erected in the early part of the 12th century and formerly attached to the Commandery, it was rebuilt in 1370 in the Norman and Decorated architectural styles. A rectangular building, it consists of a chancel, a nave, a north porch and a western tower with spire. It was thoroughly restored in 1886 by Rev. Harris Fleming St John MA, chaplain (1878–1903), and filled with painted windows executed by himself. Stated to have had the privilege of sanctuary, it sits 50 people. The chapel has been Grade II listed since 1985 as "late C12 with subsequent alterations, restored 1886".
In May 2019, Sotheby's sold an "English chamber organ by Samuel Green, London, 1786", indicating that it had been removed from the Dinmore Manor chapel.
Rooms.
The building was developed from 1189 by the Knights Templar. The house (excluding its narrow rear extension) was mostly rebuilt in late 16th century, altered around 1830 and extended around the year 1928. The main house is a Grade II listed building
The house's music room is a hall projection with a vaulted ceiling and a Victorian Aeolian Pipe Organ that was moved to Dinmore from a home in Manchester.
The house overlooks the garden and lawn, and cloisters flank it to the right. The back wall of the cloisters features stained glass windows; coloured light streams onto the columns most late afternoons.
The music room and the cloisters with stained glass windows are part of an expansion of the manor that was completed in 1936 by Richard Hollins Murray; the extension became Grade II listed in 1967.
In 1950 British Railways named a new GWR 7800 'Manor' Class steam locomotive, No.7820, after the manor. It is now preserved and operates on the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway.
Racehorses.
Martin Dawes turned the modest pasture and arable fields into what had been described as "a world-class stud facility for show-jumping horses"
 and retained much of its woodland. For this, he may have spent around £14 to £15 million.


Frank Darling (architect)

Frank Darling (February 17, 1850 – May 19, 1923) was an important Canadian architect, winner of the RIBA Gold medal in 1915, who designed many of Toronto's landmark institutional and financial buildings, as well as scores of bank branches throughout the country. Darling is best described as an 'Edwardian imperialist' in his outlook and architectural approach, and accordingly left a legacy of fine Edwardian Baroque buildings in Canada's major cities, representative of the period's prosperity and optimism.
Early life and education.
Born in Scarborough Township in the Province of Canada, Darling was the son of the rector of Scarborough and later of the Church of the Holy Trinity in Toronto. As a boy, he received his general education at Upper Canada College before entering Trinity College School, in Weston. He worked briefly as a bank teller before becoming apprenticed to architect Henry Langley from 1866-1870. He studied and trained in England under George Edmund Street between 1870-1873 and then returned to Canada.
Career.
Apart from two brief solo periods in the 1870s, he practised with a series of collaborators:
In 1897 Darling formed his most long-lasting architectural partnership with John A.Pearson, named Darling and Pearson. This firm lasted beyond Darling's death in 1923. The firms in which he was a partnership influenced commercial development in Toronto during the 1910s to 1920s.
Darling was the first Honorary President of the Toronto Beaux-Arts Club, member of the Holt Commission for planning of Ottawa (1913–1915), and was the first Canadian to win the Royal Institute of British Architects Gold Medal in 1915.
Darling died in 1923 and was buried at St. John's Cemetery Norway in Toronto.
Major works.
For projects after the formation of Darling, S. George Curry, Sproatt, & Pearson in 1892, see Darling and Pearson.


50 United Nations Plaza

50 United Nations Plaza is a high-rise residential building in Manhattan, New York City, United States. The 44-story tower was designed by the architectural firm Foster and Partners, making it the first residential building in the United States designed by Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank. It includes 87 apartments.
History.
The vacant lot was acquired by Zeckendorf Development for US$160 million in 2007. On November 14, 2012, Zeckendorf family announced the beginning of construction, alongside Israeli billionaire investor Eyal Ofer as a partner.
Tenants.
The government of Qatar acquired four apartments in April 2015. By July 2015, the penthouse, which has an outdoors swimming-pool, was listed on the real estate market for US$70 million.
After previously leasing a penthouse at the Waldorf-Astoria hotel for its Ambassador to the United Nations, the United States government relocated the ambassadorial residence to 50 United Nations Plaza. The United States initially rented a 40th floor penthouse apartment, but later purchased a different penthouse on the 37th floor. Nikki Haley was the first ambassador to reside in the 40th floor penthouse, which rented at $58,000 per month. The 37th floor five-bedroom, six-and-a-half-bath penthouse was purchased in May 2019 for $15.85 million.
On March 15, 2019 the British Government acquired a penthouse in 50 United Nations Plaza, for their trade commissioner for North America and consul general in New York, Antony Phillipson, for $16m.


Browsholme Hall

Browsholme Hall is a privately owned Tudor house in the parish of Bowland Forest Low in the borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire (although historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire), England. It is claimed to be the oldest surviving family home in Lancashire. Since 1954, it has been designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage.
History.
In the fourteenth century, Edmund Parker was park-keeper of Radholme Laund, west of Browsholme, one of the two great deer parks in the Forest of Bowland. In 1393, his sons Richard and John were deputy parkers of Radholme, but from 1380, they had a lease of the vaccary (mediaeval cattle farm) of Browsholme. Richard probably built the original house on the present site around that time.
When in 1507, King Henry VII disafforested Bowland, Edmund Parker obtained a copyhold of Nether Browsholme and began the present house. Thomas Parker, purchased the freehold of Browsholme from the Crown in 1603 and further improved the house, which had been enlarged by his father. His grandson, also called Thomas, is believed to have added a formal garden in 1674.
On the death of his father, John Parker in 1797, Thomas Lister Parker succeeded to the Browsholme estate. In 1804 and 1805, he made alterations to the Hall, rebuilding the west wing, and afterwards he made additions under the superintendence of Sir Jeffry Wyatville. He had a taste for landscape gardening, and between 1797 and 1810, spent large sums in laying the grounds. In the house, he displayed a collection of antiquities and pictures, partly formed by himself. He had a large series of drawings and prints bought during a tour on the continent in 1800 and 1801, at Moscow, Venice, and Paris; a large collection of drawings of castles and manor-houses by John Chessell Buckler, and portfolios of his own drawings. He also possessed pictures of the Flemish school and works of James Northcote and Thomas Gainsborough. Thomas Lister Parker ultimately bankrupted himself and was forced to pass the estate to a cousin.
John William Robinson Parker (1857–1938) was a soldier and historian who was involved in numerous county societies. His son, Robert Goulbourne Parker (1900–75), repaired Browsholme in 1958 with the aid of the Historic Buildings Council, and from 1957, opened the house to the public, giving personally guided tours.
In 2010, the present owners Robert and Amanda Parker, restored the 17th-century tithe barn for use as an event space. In April 2015 Amanda Parker became High Sheriff of Lancashire.
Bowbearers of the Forest of Bowland.
The Parker family have been Bowbearers of the Forest of Bowland since the Restoration. The office fell into abeyance in the late 19th century but in 2010, the 16th Lord of Bowland re-asserted his ancient right and appointed Robert Parker his Bowbearer of the Forest of Bowland, the first Parker to be so appointed in more than 150 years.
In 2011, Robert Parker led a party of dignitaries from the Bowland Higher Division Parish Council, the Forest authorities, and local community, to welcome the 16th Lord to Dunsop Bridge on his first official visit to the Forest. In October 2012, Robert Parker was formally presented with his Bowbearer's "wand of office" by the 16th Lord at a public ceremony in Slaidburn. This ceremony marked the 90th anniversary of the final meeting of the manorial court at the town's Tudor courthouse.


Bellas Artes metro station (Mexico City)

Bellas Artes is a station along Line 2 and of the Mexico City Metro system. It is located in the Colonia Centro neighborhood of the Cuauhtémoc municipality of Mexico City, on the junction of Avenida Juárez and Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas, on the eastern end of the Alameda Central, west of the city centre. In 2019, the station had an average ridership of 51,440 passengers per day.
Name and pictogram.
The station is named for the Palacio de Bellas Artes opera house and museum, opened in 1934 and located next to the station. The pictogram depicts a stylized version of the palace's art nouveau façade as seen from the main southern entrance.
History.
The Line 2 section of the station was among the first to be opened in the system on 14 September 1970; the transfer with Line 8 was inaugurated on 20 July 1994.
French President Jacques Chirac inaugurated a treasured Hector Guimard style art nouveau Paris Métro entrance next to the western wing of the Palace on 14 November 1998. The entrance was a gift given in return for the mural "El pensamiento y el alma huicholes" by Huichol artist Santos de la Torre presented in 1997 to the Paris Métro that is now on display at the Palais Royal – Musée du Louvre station.
General information.
Inside the station, the platforms in Line 2 show reproductions of Mesoamerican art. Similarly, the Line 8 platforms are decorated with colourful murals, with Mexican and French motifs: a reproduction of one of the Bonampak murals by Rina Lazo; "Visión francesa sobre México" by Jean-Paul Chambas, and "Visión de un artista mexicano sobre Francia" by Rodolfo Morales.
As many stations in the Metro network, Bellas Artes has a cyber center, where users can access internet through a computer; the service is free and it is open from 8:00 to 20:00. From here, it is also possible to transfer to Metrobús Line 4 and Line A of the trolleybus service.


Lydiard House


St. Andrews Creek Bridge

The St. Andrews Creek Bridge was built in 1930-31 as part of the West Side Road in Mount Rainier National Park.
Bridge Design.
The bridge spans and is almost wide, carrying a two-lane road on a stone-faced concrete bridge.
Planned Road.
The West Side Road was planned to link the Nisqually and Carbon River entrances to the park, but only were completed in six years.
Historic Register.
The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991.
It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park, and which recognizes the park's inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.


Whiteleys

Whiteleys was a shopping centre in Bayswater, London, currently owned by Meyer Bergman and CC Land. It was built in the retail space of the former William Whiteley Limited department store, which opened in 1911 as London's first department store, and was one of the main department stores, alongside Selfridge's, Liberty's and Harrods. The centre's main entrance was located on Queensway.
In December 2018, Whiteleys was closed for redevelopment. It is due to be converted into a Norman Foster-designed mixed-use asset comprising condominium apartments, a Six Senses hotel, and retail units on the ground floor.
History.
Original store.
The original Whiteleys department store was created by William Whiteley, who started a drapery shop at 31 Westbourne Grove in 1863. By 1867 it had expanded to a row of shops containing 17 separate departments.
Dressmaking was started in 1868, and a house agency and refreshment room, the first ventures outside drapery, opened in 1872. By then 622 people were employed on the premises and a further 1,000 outside. Whiteleys started selling food in 1875, and a building and decorating department was added in 1876. This proved to be particularly profitable, as the large stuccoed houses in the area needed regular repainting.
Whiteleys met strong opposition from smaller tradesmen, and also from the local authorities over its grand building plans, and several bad fires in the 1880s may have been caused by opponents. Business nonetheless prospered, aided by a delivery service extending up to 25 miles (40 km), and in 1887 the store was described as "an immense symposium of the arts and industries of the nation and of the world".
By 1890 over 6,000 staff were employed in the business, most of them living in company-owned male and female dormitories, having to obey 176 rules and working 7 am to 11 pm, six days a week. Whiteleys also bought massive farmlands and erected food-processing factories to provide produce for the store and for staff catering. In 1896 it earned an unsolicited Royal Warrant from Queen Victoria - an unprecedented achievement.
Westbourne Grove fire and reopening.
The first storedescribed as "an immense symposium of the arts and industries of the nation and of the world"was devastated in an enormous fire in 1887, one of the largest fires in London's history. This was the last of four fires that had devastated the business from 1882. In his autobiography, "Drawn From Memory", E. H. Shepard said the fire could be seen from Highgate Hill, and some days later when he and his brother Cyril were allowed to visit Westbourne Grove, that, "The long front of the shop was a sorry sight with part of the wall fallen and the rest blackened."
Whiteleys was soon rebuilt, but later moved from Westbourne Grove to Queensway. When the Lord Mayor of London in the presence of thousands opened the new store in Queensway on 21 November 1911, it was claimed to be the largest shop in the world.
Relocation.
In 1907, William Whiteley was murdered by Horace George Rayner, who claimed to be his illegitimate son, "Cecil Whiteley". After his death, the board (including two of Whiteley's sons) allowed the leases on the various Westbourne Grove properties to lapse and moved into a new purpose-built store on Queens Road (now called Queensway).
A new store designed by John James Joass was opened in 1911 and was further extended between 1925 and 1927 to incorporate the present frontage. In 1927 the store was bought by Harry Gordon Selfridge. He was an American from Ripon, Wisconsin, who had experience with department stores in Chicago and had come to England to seek new business opportunities. He had built Selfridge's at 400 Oxford Street, opening to the public on 15 March 1909.
Whiteley's received bomb damage from an air raid on 19 October 1940. The Second World War air raid damage along with the earlier fires and subsequent changes in ownership led to the loss of many of the archives associated with the store.
In the 1950s the chairman Sir Sydney Harold Gillet announced that the store was too big for its turnover, and converted the upper floors of the building into office space. These were used by LEO Computers Ltd. in the 1950s and later by International Computers Limited (ICL) for offices and training facilities in the 1970s. The offices were named "Hartree House" after Douglas Rayner Hartree in recognition of his part in the LEO Computers story. Esso Petroleum also rented some of the office space.
Purchase by United Drapery Stores.
In 1961, United Drapery Stores (UDS) purchased Whiteleys for £1,750,000. In the late 1970s, UDS held a market survey to find out if the losses of the business were down to customer satisfaction. The survey came back positive: it proved that Whiteleys did not have enough customers.
The department store closed down in 1981, remaining empty until the building was purchased by a firm called the Whiteleys Partnership in 1986, consisting of Arlington Securities, London and Metropolitan Estates, Wilverley & Hampshire Estates and Dartnorth, which was later acquired by the Standard Life Assurance Company. Extensive reconstruction followed; the façade and some interior features such as stairs and railings remained, but essentially the building was demolished and rebuilt. During this reconstruction a tower crane collapsed, killing workmen and the driver of a car. Whiteleys reopened on 26 July 1989 as a shopping centre.
Purchase by Meyer Bergman.
In September 2013, the centre was purchased by Meyer Bergman.
In December 2018, Whiteleys closed for a complete redevelopment in parallel with Meyer Bergman's regeneration of Queensway Parade, which faces the building. The project plans to deliver a mix of street-level retail units, 65% less retail space than before, and various leisure facilities, while the bulk of the upper floors will be converted for residential use and a hotel.
In October 2019 it was announced that Laing O'Rourke had beaten rivals Sir Robert McAlpine to the prized deal of overhauling the old shopping centre.
Products and services.
Design and layout.
The building was designed by John Belcher and John James Joass, and was opened by the Lord Mayor of London in 1911. It was the height of luxury at the time, including both a theatre and a golf-course on the roof. It appears in a number of early 20th-century novels, and in Shaw's 1913 play "Pygmalion", where Eliza Doolittle is sent "to Whiteleys to be attired." In the late 1920s, Dr. A. J. Cronin, the novelist, was appointed the medical officer of Whiteleys, and in 1927 rival store Selfridges purchased the business. The building was designated a Grade II listed building in 1970.
On 26 July 1989 Whiteleys was re-opened as a shopping centre. The shopping centre never worked as a retail destination and became much maligned by the wealthy and sophisticated residents of nearby Notting Hill.
Since 2005, a slow change of direction began under a new management regime which incorporated substantial physical improvements to the interior, the replacement of McDonald's with Rowley Leigh's new restaurant Le Café Anglais and a new food hall in the central mall area. Onsite management claimed in the press that this was the start of a transformation of the building and its shops.
The ground-floor fountain, with its inspiring sculpture, certainly disappeared unannounced around that time. In June 2008, the ground floor was transformed into what the management called a 'foodstore'; essentially a larger, more glamorous version of a department store foodhall, designed by Lifeschutz Davidson Sandilands and operated by renowned restaurateur Dominic Ford. Called 'Food Inc', it sold fresh fish, meat, dry goods, wine and meat from the shopping centre's own farm.
In popular culture.
Whiteleys is mentioned in several books and has appeared in numerous films, TV shows; most notably:


Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church

Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church () is a late 19th-century Catholic church dedicated to Saint Peter in Strasbourg, France. It is not to be confused with the medieval Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church in the same city.
History.
Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church was built in the Neustadt district and stands next to the main courthouse Palais de Justice. Both buildings were designed by the architect Skjold Neckelmann; the church in collaboration with his professional partner August Hartel, and the courthouse, after Hartel's death, alone.
Before this Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune church was built, the Catholics and the Lutherans of Strasbourg had shared the medieval Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune church. Only in 1898 did the Catholics relinquish their claim to the older place.
Appearance.
Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church is built in rose sandstone. It is crowned with a heavy and imposing dome: interior diameter , interior height . The spacious interior of the church is decorated with altars, mosaics, and a very large circular chandelier. The current pipe organ was installed in 2003.


South Puyallup River Bridge

The South Puyallup River Bridge was built in 1930–31 in Mount Rainier National Park as part of the West Side Road project, planned to link the park's Nisqually and Carbon River entrances. The stone-faced reinforced concrete bridge was designed by the National Park Service and the Bureau of Public Roads. It spans and is almost wide, carrying two lanes of traffic.
The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park's inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.


Simon B. Elliott State Park

Simon B. Elliott State Park is a Pennsylvania state park located in Pine Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is surrounded by Moshannon State Forest. The park is entirely wooded with second growth forests of hardwood and oak. S. B. Elliott State park is north of Clearfield on Pennsylvania Route 153 just off exit 111 of Interstate 80.
History.
By the mid-19th century, the demand for lumber reached Clearfield County, where white pine and hemlock covered the mountainsides. Lumbermen came and harvested the trees. The Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company and Goodyear Lumber Company owned thousands of acres in Clearfield and surrounding counties. They built railroads and roads to harvest and distribute the timber. The lumber boom era was not to last, and soon all the trees were gone. Once the trees disappeared, the people were soon to follow. The lumbermen left behind a barren landscape that was devastated by erosion and wildfires. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bought the thousands of acres of deforested and burned land. The state began the massive project of reforesting the land. The forest has since recovered and is part of Moshannon State Forest.
The park is named for the Honorable Simon B. Elliott. He was a member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, and a conservationist who promoted the idea of replanting the forests in order to limit erosion and fires.
The park was built in 1933 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The young men of Camp S-116-PA built many of the cabins, roads, pavilions, and trails that exist at the park today. They also cleared brush, cleaned streams, built roads and bridges, and planted trees as part of a reforestation effort. The CCC also placed a plaque honoring Simon B. Elliott in the woods on the northern edge of the park.
Recreation.
Fishing at S. B. Elliott State Park is a popular recreational activity. There is a population of native and stocked trout in the small mountain streams of the park. They can only be accessed by hiking through the woods on one of the three miles (5 km) of hiking trails.
The park is a trailhead for the Quehanna Trail System. This trail is a trail that passes through Moshannon State Forest. It also connects with the Susquehannock Trail system near Sinnemahoning State Park.
The CCC built several cabins and pavilions that are available for camping and picnicking. There is a 25 site rustic campground at S. B. Elliott State Park. There is a modern restroom near the camping area, but there are no showers.
Hunting is permitted on about of S. B. Elliott State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania State Game Commission. The common game species are ruffed grouse, eastern gray squirrel, wild turkey, white-tailed deer, and common pheasant. Many more acres of forested woodlands are available for hunting on the grounds of the adjacent Moshannon State Forest.
Nearby state parks.
The following state parks are within of S. B. Elliott State Park:


Tonge Hall

Tonge Hall is a Grade II* listed Elizabethan manor house in Tonge, Middleton, Greater Manchester, England.
History.
The manor of Tonge belonged in medieval times to the Tonge family but passed into other hands. The hall was built around 1584 and in 1890 was purchased by Asheton Tonge, a descendant of the original owners. After that the hall was acquired by Albert Wolstencroft, Mayor of Middleton and inherited by his son Captain Norman Wolstencroft. He left the area, leaving the building unoccupied and unprotected. In 2007 it was set on fire by arsonists and severely damaged.
Rochdale Council are now (2012) in the process of buying the property from the owner for a nominal sum with a view to restoration. The North West Building Preservation Trust, a registered charity, is likely to take over its long term maintenance.
Architecture.
The hall is the remaining part of a black and white timber and plaster house standing on a low stone base but in an advanced state of decay and dilapidation following years of neglect and an arson attack. It stands on high ground above the valley of the Irk overlooking the town of Middleton.
It consists of the central and eastern wings of a once larger building, two storeys in height, with original timber and plaster construction on the north and east sides. The south and west sides were rebuilt in brick. The exterior timber-work consists of roughly-shaped black-painted beams and posts with square quatrefoil panels. The roofs are covered with grey stone slates with chimney stacks of brick set diagonally on a square base.


Kontoskalion

The Kontoskalion (), also known as Harbour of Julian (, ), Portus Novus ("New Port"), or Harbour of Sophia (), and in Ottoman times as Kadırga Limanı ("Harbour of the Galleys") was a harbour in the city of Constantinople, active from the 6th century until the early Ottoman period. In the literature it has been known under several names, and the sources about it are often contradictory.
Location.
The harbour lay in an inlet – still recognizable today in the flat landscape profile – of the Marmara Sea, in the third region of the city, at the southwest end of the valley of the Hippodrome. The area of the harbour complex covers part of today's "Mahalleler" of "Kadırga Limanı" and Kumkapi in the Fatih district (the walled city) of Istanbul.
The “Galley Harbour street” or Kadirga Limani Caddesi in Istanbul still delineates the north shore of the old harbour.
History.
Byzantine period.
Already during the reign of Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) the site of the later harbour was used as a landing stage. In 362, during his short stay in the capital, Emperor Julian (r. 361-363) built on the Propontis shore a harbour named "Portus Novus" ("New Port") or "Portus Iulianus" (): at the same time he erected in front of it a crescent-shaped building named "Sigma" or "Porticus Semirotunda". This decision was taken despite the many problems which affected the location: each port along the Marmara shore was undefended against the fierce storms caused by the intermittent southwest wind, the Lodos; these brought much sand into the basin, making necessary a periodic and expensive dredging; moreover, the heavy rains provoked erosion from the hills which caused silting too. On the other hand, the building of a harbour on the south shore was necessary to supply the western and southern regions of the city, too far from the Golden Horn.
The problems of this area were compounded by repeated urban fires, the first fire having occurred at the end of the 4th century partially destroying the area. In the 6th century, Emperor Anastasius I (r. 491-518) emptied the basin using hydraulic machines, built a mole and dredged the sandy substrate. Later, possibly under Justinian (r. 527–565), part of the traffic of the "Neorion port", the first harbour built in the city, lying on the Golden Horn, was moved to the new harbour. After damage by another fire in 561, his successor Justin II (r. 565–578) in around 575 commissioned important works, dredging the ground again and enlarging the basin: the works were directed by two high officials, the "praepositus" Narses and the "protovestiarios" Troilos. In front of the enlarged harbour, renamed "Port of Sophia" () after Justin's empress, were erected four statues, representing Justin, Sophia, their daughter Arabia and Narses.
At the end of the century, the harbour also acquired a military function, which it did not lose until the end, becoming a base of the Byzantine navy. Emperor Philippikos Bardanes (r. 711–713) removed two of the statues adorning the Kontoskalion, since they bore prophetic inscriptions which he considered unfavorable. During his reign, Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842) had an arsenal built near the harbour, in proximity of the "Porta Leonis" (the Ottoman "Çatladı Kapı"); it comprised a shipyard and armories. Between the 9th and the 11th century, the port remained operational: in that period, the writers of the "Patria Constantinopolitanae" began to refer to it also as "Kontoskalion", which remains the modern Greek denomination of the quarter lying to its west, known in Turkish as Kumkapı.
After the end of the Latin Empire, the harbour appears in several sources under the name "Kontoskelion", causing confusion among modern scholars. According to the "Patria", this denomination is a patronymic referring to a certain Agallianos, a Byzantine "tourmarches" (senior army officer) nicknamed "Kontoskeles" because of his short legs, but the German scholar Albrecht Berger rejects this as a mistake by the "Patria" authors, due to the different etymology of the two words: "Kontoskalion" means "short step or wharf". Some authors, like Raymond Janin, have proposed that the name "Kontoskelion" () could refer to another harbour placed 150 m west of the Julian/Sophia harbour, nearer to the Vlanga area, but this interpretation should be disregarded, since it is certain that the Kontoskalion was the only port in use on the Marmara Sea until the 15th century. In that period, the harbour maintained its important function: during the Palaiologos dynasty, Emperor Michael VIII (r. 1259–1282) protected it with an ashlar wall and a chain, while his successor Andronikos II (r. 1282–1328) made the harbour deeper and closed its entrance with iron gates, protecting the ships from the storms that come with the Lodos. The harbour was attested in an "encomium" of Emperor John VIII (r. 1425–1448) written in 1427. From it we know that John VIII ordered repairs to the harbour, employing paid workers (among them were also clergymen and monks), and not servants. At the end of these works, the basin could host 300 galleys. In some versions of the map of Florentine traveller Cristoforo Buondelmonti (who visited Constantinople in 1421), the basin is shown flanked by its arsenal, and in the account of the Spanish traveller Pedro Tafur, who saw it in 1437, the harbour was still active. It remained so until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Ottoman period.
After the conquest of the city, in 1462 Sultan Mehmet II (r. 1444–1446; 1451–1481) fortified the harbour, now known as "Kadırga Limanı" ("Harbour of the Galleys"), building several towers. However, the beginning of the construction in 1515 of a new arsenal on the Golden Horn, the "Tersâne-i Âmire", protected from the storms provoked by the southwest wind, and the enormous growth of the Ottoman navy, caused the decay of the "Kadırga Limanı". The 16th-century French traveller Pierre Gilles reports that around 1540 the women living in that neighbourhood used to wash their clothes in the basin. However, in some 18th-century maps, the harbour is still shown in active use. The end of the port was accelerated by the erection of the Nuruosmaniye Mosque, started in 1748, since the excavated earth was partly thrown in the harbour. The basin and the arsenal have since long time disappeared, and today they are partly built up.
Description.
In the first description of the area, stemming from the 6th century, the harbour is described as a basin flanked by an arsenal surrounded by walls. The first maps of the city show the same situation, with the arsenal extending in the plain area west of the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque until the old sea wall of Kumkapı, while the basin, protected by a mole, is delimited by the Sea Walls, still in place in 19th century.
According to Wolfgang Müller-Wiener, it is also possible that the arsenal area was originally another sea basin, but the division between Kontoskalion and Port of Sophia appearing on several old maps, where they are represented as separated harbors, should be refused, due to the topography of the area.