Wilfred Buckland

Wilfred Buckland (April 18, 1866 – July 18, 1946) was an American art director. Buckland worked as an art director with Cecil B. DeMille and Jesse Lasky, and later with Alan Dwan, from 1914-1927. He was Hollywood's first "art director" and is credited with a number of advancements in filmmaking, including the advances in lighting techniques, the development of architectural sets, and the use of miniature sets. In 1924, he was named one of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry since the time of its inception. A 1980 exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London advanced the argument that "everything we know as 'Hollywood' traces to Wilfred Buckland." Buckland was among the first inductees in the Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame.
Early years.
Buckland was born in New York City, the son of Reverend Rabbi Joseph Wales and Emily (Wilson) Buckland. He worked as an artist for a time and was responsible for much of the interior decoration and paintings of New York's Trinity Church for its bi-centenary celebration in 1897. He also worked with the stage producer, David Belasco, for many years. In 1907, "The New York Times" described Buckland as the "general stage manager" for Belasco. He designed the color scheme, draperies and stage curtain at Belasco's Stuyvesant Theatre (now operating as the Belasco Theatre) that opened in 1907. In 1910, Buckland was described as Belasco's "art director," responsible for the design of scenery, costumes and other artistic details. One newspaper reviewer wrote the following about the sets designed by Buckland for the stage production of "Omar, the Tentmaker": "Pictorially nothing finer has ever been disclosed upon the stage than the succession of sumptuous Oriental pictures evolved for the production by Wilfred Buckland, who for 10 years served as art decorator for David Belasco."
Buckland's Broadway credits include "The Rose of the Rancho" (scenic design, 1907), "A Grand Army Man" (scenic design, 1907), "Adrea" (stage director and scenic design, 1905), "The Music Master" (scenic design, 1904), "The Darling of the Gods" (design, 1903), and "Du Barry" (design, 1901).
Work with DeMille.
Cecil B. DeMille brought the 47-year-old Buckland to Hollywood to work on his film "The Squaw Man" (1914). According to some accounts, producer Jesse L. Lasky purchased the movie rights to Belasco's plays, and Buckland's services as art director were part of the deal. Buckland continued to work with DeMille on most of his projects until 1920 and also worked on most of the films produced by Jesse Lasky's Famous Players-Lasky production company. While working with DeMille and Lasky, Buckland was credited with the introduction of artificial lighting to motion pictures with the use of klieg lights, which also became known as "Lasky lighting." Jesse Lasky later wrote of Buckland: "As the first bona fide art director in the industry, and the first to build architectural settings for films, Buckland widened the scope of pictures tremendously by throwing off the scenic limitations of the stage."
Buckland was a collector of ancient firearms. In 1916, "The Democrat-Tribune" newspaper commented that Buckland, "art director of the Lasky Company," was also "known as the greatest collector and authority on ancient firearms in the country," and his collection was said to be "the most complete in the world, not barring that of the British Museum."
Buckland developed a reputation as one of the early film industry's great artists, as reflected in the following 1918 newspaper report:"Among the producing firms who belong to the class where imagination is based upon culture, are those associated with Paramount. For a long time, now, picture play reviewers have been fond of saying 'up to the usual Paramount standard.' That standard to a large extent has been raised higher and higher by the Wilfred Buckland whose name appears in front of all the Lasky pictures. Such men as Cecil DeMille, William DeMille, J. Searle Dawley, Maurice Tourneur, Joseph Kaufman, Robert Vignola, Robert Thorley, Marshal Neilan, Thomas H. Ince, J. Stuart Blackton and the others who produce for Paramount have added their very considerable bit to spelling Art with a capital A in motion pictures, but that is Wilfred Buckland's business exclusively."
Similarly, in 1920, a reviewer noted that the "wonderful interior settings for "Don't Change Your Husband" ... were designed by Wilfred Buckland, art director, whose hand is responsible for so much that is highly artistic in Artcraft and Paramount films."
Buckland described his process to a newspaper reporter in 1920. Buckland said he would review the script to get an idea of what the characters were like and what their surroundings should be. He would prepare sketches of the required sets and turn the sketches over to a force of architectural draftsmen in the next room. After a structure was built, Buckland would also direct the interior painting and decorations. He noted at the time that he hoped to see film sets move away from the building of real or photographic interiors and deal more with atmosphere. He added:"In painting a picture an artist does not paint a real house, reproducing every minute detail. That sort of thing belongs to the old and now despised photographic school of art. He paints in something to give tone to the figures. The great secret of art, as Whistler said, is knowing what to leave out. Every once you get a shock by discovering a picture in which the director has shown signs of an artistic conscience. But the majority of moving pictures are still far behind commercial photography, which is becoming less and less photographic while most of the advertisements in the back pages of our magazines are more artistic than the average movie."
In 1917, Buckland wrote to Cecil B. DeMille expressing his dissatisfaction over having his artistic vision stifled. He said, "I came to Hollywood ... in search of a chance to visualize a more 'pictorial' way, by adapting to film the same rules that govern the higher art of painting." Buckland also complained in the press that the art director's job, like that of the actor, suffered from over-production. Buckland noted that he had supervised 56 pictures in a single year and added, "Studio necessities compel him to supervise the art work on a number of productions at one time. As a consequence, the art director becomes an architect, or perhaps merely a scenic artist, instead of the illustrator of the dramatic story."
Buckland's collaboration with DeMille remained contentious, and the two broke off their working relationship in 1920.
Despite the falling out, DeMille spoke at a 1941 testimonial dinner for Buckland and called him a "great artist and a great man" and said he had been glad "to sit at your feet."
Alan Dwan and "Robin Hood".
In 1920, Buckland left DeMille and began to work with director Alan Dwan. After the release of the feature "Omar the Tentmaker" (1922), one reviewer wrote: "Settings for this master film were personally designed and executed under the direction of Wilfred Buckland, the first man in his field in the films and still recognized as its finest craftsman."
While working with Dwan, Buckland created the castle for Douglas Fairbanks' "Robin Hood" (also 1922). The castle was one of the largest sets built at the time. When the film was released, the "Los Angeles Times" reported:"Castle a Marvel. Greatest of all the settings is, of course, the castle which for months has been a sort of landmark of cinema enterprise on Santa Monica Boulevard. The vastness of this feudal domain is the most astonishing of the picture's startling features. One looks through waves upon waves of light and shadow to the stone walls which mark the background. Fairytale heights of tower and turret are suggested. ... Yet there is never anything of grotesquerie in this, only and always a legendary magnificence such as is suggested by the Maxfield Parrish paintings of the Moyen Age. Artistry is at its height in these Medieval scenes."
Film historian Juan Antonio Ramírez later called Buckland's "Robin Hood" castle, with its immense size and eight circular turrets, perhaps the most impressive of all the Hollywood castles ever built.
Buckland was credited with developing the art of miniature stage building, as reflected in a 1924 "Daily Democrat-Tribune" newspaper account: "The art of miniature stage building has been introduced into the production of motion pictures as another means toward economy and , and of insuring fidelity and realism. This system has been perfected by Wilfred Buckland, a famous art director."
Later years and death.
Dwan signed with Famous Players-Lasky after the release of "Robin Hood", and Buckland's career after 1923 declined. He worked mostly as a production illustrator after 1923.
Buckland was married to actress Veda (McEvers) Buckland (August 26, 1883 – May 20, 1941). After her death their son, Wilfred Buckland, Jr., suffered a mental breakdown and was hospitalized at the Camarillo State Mental Hospital.
In 1946, Buckland was part of a murder-suicide at his home located at 2035 Pinehurst Avenue in the Hollywood Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles. He shot and killed his 36-year-old son and then shot himself. Buckland left a note that said, "I am taking Billy with me." The "Los Angeles Times" reported on the tragedy as follows:"Hollywood's first art director, 80-year-old Wilfred Buckland Sr., yesterday killed his mentally ailing son, 36, and then fatally shot himself in a double tragedy inspired by his fear of impending death from old age and reluctance to leave the younger man alone in the world. Termed the 'founder of Hollywood cinema art,' the elder Buckland fired a bullet into the back of his sleeping son's head, which brought instant death."
He was interred at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.
Buckland's place in film history.
In 1924, the magazine "Story World" selected a list of the ten individuals who had contributed the most to the advancement of the motion picture industry from the time of its inception. The list omitted DeMille, but included Buckland, who was credited "for his work in developing and perfecting technical art in films." Others on the list included D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Carl Laemmle and C. Gardner Sullivan.
In his book "The Art Direction Handbook for Film", Michael Rizzo wrote:"The practical vision of Buckland, the little known Hollywood art director and initiator of the use of controlled lighting within studio environments, set a standard in the first decades of the twentieth century that has become as commonplace as shooting film sequences in Hollywood soundstages today. He stands as an art-directing giant; his creative ingenuity ennobles the craft of film design even now."
In 1980, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London held an exhibition called "The Art of Hollywood," focusing on the role of art directors in the development of cinema. The United Press International (UPI) described the exhibition's focus on the work of Buckland: "More than that, an argument could be made — and this show makes it — that everything we know as 'Hollywood' traces to Wilfred Buckland, Hollywood's first art director."
Buckland was one of the first individuals inducted into the Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame when it was established in 2005.


Legions of the Undead

Legions of the Undead is an unreleased action role-playing video game that was in development by Rebellion Developments and originally planned to be published by Atari Corporation on a scheduled Q3, 1995 release date for the Atari Jaguar. It was also intended to be released for the Windows and PlayStation.
When an ancient evil known as Centurion Gargath manifested himself into the human realm with plans to consume the souls of those under his range, it is up to the player in finding and kill Gargath by traversing through the dungeons where he resides, while collecting weapons and solving puzzles along the way. "Legions of the Undead" was one of the many titles Rebellion originally had under development for the Jaguar and it used an enhanced version of the engine found in "Alien vs Predator".
Gameplay.
"Legions of the Undead" is an action role-playing game that takes place from a first-person perspective presented with two-dimensional digitized sprites on a three-dimensional environment, similar to other titles in the genre such as "". The player would be tasked in entering across multiple dungeons in order to find and kill an ancient evil known as Centurion Gargath, who manifested himself on the human plane and consumes the souls from those within his range. As the game used an enhanced version of the engine found in "Alien vs Predator" on the Jaguar, the player has the ability to look up and down in the environment. Players would also need to collect weapons and solve puzzles during their journey.
History.
The project was first revealed and announced in early 1994 for the Atari Jaguar under the name "Dungeon", along with concept artwork and model figures from the game. It was being developed in tandem with other titles Rebellion had under development for the Jaguar such as "Alien vs Predator", "Checkered Flag" (then titled "Checkered Flag II" and later "Redline Racing") and "Skyhammer" (then titled "Hammerhead"), however, it was revealed on Atari Explorer Online's March 1994 newsletter that the title of the game was changed to "Legions of the Undead" and that it would be published by Atari Corporation. In two 1994 interviews by both "GameFan" and "GamePro", Rebellion revealed more info about the project such as using an enhanced version of the game engine found in "Alien vs Predator". Although the game was being developed for the Jaguar, Rebellion also stated that they had plans to release it on the then-upcoming Atari Jaguar CD as well with more features than the cartridge version. "Legions of the Undead" was then previewed as 25 percent complete in "Ultimate Future Games", touting it for an early 1995 release and discussing the features the game would have. Most of the game's development team consisted of the same staff who previously worked on both "Alien vs Predator" and "Checkered Flag" such as artists Stuart Wilson, Toby Harrison-Banfield, and Justin Rae, with Dan Mitchell and Jamie Lokier being the programmers of title.
Despite kept being advertised and featured in magazines during 1995, internal documents from Atari Corporation listed the project's development as terminated on December of the same year, suggesting that the game was cancelled for the Jaguar. On June 27, 1996, the game's trademark which revealed its subtitle was abandoned. It was also briefly mentioned on a special feature article dedicated to the system by German magazine Video Games in 1999. In recent years, Jason Kingsley has stated that some of the model figures used during the development of the game still reside within the company. Jason also stated that some of the work done for "Legions of the Undead" may still reside inside the company.


Stern Pinball Arcade

Stern Pinball Arcade is a pinball simulation video game developed by FarSight Studios and a spin-off of their earlier title "The Pinball Arcade". This game includes recreations of pinball machines manufactured or licensed by Stern Pinball Inc., which also owns the rights to machines from Data East and Sega Pinball.
"Stern Pinball Arcade" is available for Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows and macOS (through Steam), PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Samsung Gear VR, Nintendo Switch.
Development.
The game was announced on September 20, 2015 by FarSight Studios in partnership with Stern Pinball Inc. The game was revealed on May 2, 2016 to promote the subsequently cancelled Kickstarter campaign for the "AC/DC" pinball machine. Due to a new partnership, the intended funding was no longer necessary.
The first four tables launched for the game on Samsung Gear VR included "Ripley's Believe It or Not!", "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein", "Star Trek" and "Starship Troopers". With the exception of "Star Trek", these tables were previously released for "The Pinball Arcade".
The Steam (Windows) version released on December 22, 2016 to "Very Negative" reviews, owing to widespread frustration with an apparently incomplete and buggy interface and inability to purchase DLC. Players recommending the game praised Farsight granting access to tables already purchased for "The Pinball Arcade" and expressed hope that issues would be resolved in the future.


Here We Are (short story)

"Here We Are" is a short story by American writer Dorothy Parker, first published in "Cosmopolitan Magazine" on March 31, 1931. The story, written almost entirely as dialogue, describes a tense scene between a newly married couple traveling by train to New York City for the first night of their honeymoon.
Synopsis.
An unnamed young couple are traveling in a train car. The dialogue reveals that they have been married for "two hours and twenty-six minutes." During the scene, they discuss the wedding, the bridesmaids' dresses, the bride's new hat, what to do at their destination, and other apparently trivial topics. They briefly fall into a petty argument about whether their marriage was a good decision. By the end, they make up and pledge to avoid fighting during the marriage.
However, none of what is said is the actual topic of conversation. The two characters are actually attempting to talk about sex—specifically, the fact that they are expected to consummate the marriage that night. It is implied that they have never previously discussed this or, indeed, experienced any degree of physical intimacy. Neither is willing to explicitly broach the topic; rather, each appears to be hoping that the other is making the same assumptions about what is to take place.
The petty conflicts that erupt during the conversation represent each character's fear that their new spouse in fact does not have the same assumptions about what is expected of them, and by extension, that the new partner does not love them in the way they want to be loved. The wife in particular is concerned about her powerlessness in the marital arrangement, mentioning several times the fact that she is "alone" on a train with the husband, away from her family. Although the characters appear to have come to an unspoken consensus by the end, the author makes heavy use of irony to imply that this is only the first of many failures to communicate.
Anthologies and adaptations.
"Here We Are" has been anthologized in a number of Parker short story collections, including "After Such Pleasures" and "The Portable Dorothy Parker". It has also been adapted into a one-act play.


Maria Grachvogel

Maria Grachvogel (born 11 July 1969) is a British fashion designer. Grachvogel designs under her own label, has a store in London and regularly stages shows at London Fashion Week. Her clients have included Emma Thompson, Scarlett Johansson, Angelina Jolie, and Victoria Beckham, who has modelled for her at London Fashion Week.
Early life and career.
Maria Grachvogel was born in London to a Polish father and Irish mother. She was a keen designer as a teenager, creating her first collection at the age of 14. On leaving school she initially pursued a career in the City to raise capital to start her own business, passing a London Stock Exchange examination at the age of 17.
Design career.
Grachvogel's first fashion business was a partnership with a friend and fellow designer. After the partnership ended, she briefly returned to working in the City, but resumed designing within six months. She founded her own company in January 1991, aged 21, with a collection of nine dresses. She exhibited at London Fashion Week for the first time in 1994, and staged her first catwalk show there in 1995.
Grachvogel attracted international attention when Victoria Beckham appeared as a model in her February 2000 catwalk show at London Fashion Week. Beckham appeared first in green satin hot pants, followed by a flamenco-styled crimson gown, and reappeared at the end of the show in a long off-the-shoulder red dress.
Later that year Grachvogel again attracted publicity when she designed a dress hand-sewn with 2,000 diamonds worth approximately £250,000 for her September show. The dress was a long black silk evening gown slashed to the thigh, with the diamonds in rows on the bodice. The diamonds were set in 18-carat gold and totalled 190 carats in weight. The dress was modelled by Jodie Kidd, and formed the finale to the show.
Grachvogel launched her store in 2001, based in Sloane Street, London. Her designs include "Magic Pants", trousers without pockets or side seams designed to give the wearer a smooth silhouette. In 2011 the store moved to Culford Gardens, London.
Personal life.
Grachvogel married Mike Simcock, an investment banker, on her 40th birthday in July 2009. She gave birth to a son in March 2010.


Wolfgang Burmann

Wolfgang Burmann Sánchez (born 1940) is an art director of Spanish-German origin, who has directed various films, television series and plays. He is the winner of the 1988 Goya Award for Best Art Direction for the film "Remando al viento" ("Rowing with the Wind"). He is the son of designer and artistic director Sigfrido Burmann and brother of cinematographer Hans Burmann.


National Skate Patrol

National Skate Patrol (NSP) is a volunteer service organization created in New York City in 1992 in order to help roller skaters better interact with the larger public. NSP instructs inline skaters on basic technique, safety equipment, and etiquette.
History.
NSP was created in 1992 by members of the New York Road Skaters Association and the IISA (International Inline Skating Association). They quickly expanded and there are currently 10 NSP chapters.
Start and Stop Clinics.
NSP volunteers teach new skaters and those who have problems using their heel brakes how to stop. Many clubs also teach basic techniques including how to properly use safety equipment.
Chapters.
National Skate Patrol is a member-based organization, with individuals located across the country.
NSP has chapters in the following metropolitan areas:
Contact information for these NSP Chapters is available on the National Skate Patrol website.
Joining NSP.
NSP patrollers must be proficient inline skaters who are able to teach basic forward motion and proper use of the heel brake. All patrollers must pass a basic certification test that includes both written questions and a hands-on teaching evaluation. Anyone interested in becoming an NSP patroller can contact a local chapter for more information.
Though all NSP patrollers are volunteers, each must pay nominal annual dues ($36) and are strongly encouraged to commit regular time to local chapter events. These may include stopping clinics, patrolling and/or other chapter events that support inline skating and skate safety. Membership renewal is year round on the website.
All NSP patrollers MUST wear helmets and wrist guards whenever on skates as an NSP patroller. Knee and elbow pads are optional but highly recommended.


Chris Maslanka

Christopher M. Maslanka (born 27 October 1954) is a British writer and broadcaster, specialising in puzzles and problem solving.
He was born in Clapham, London, but was brought up by his uncle and aunt in Lowdham, Nottingham. He was educated at The Becket School, Nottingham, where he was a successful chess player, and went on to study physics at St Catherine's College, Oxford.
His first book – "The Pyrgic Puzzler" – a collection of 80 puzzles with illustrations by Michael Harrington, was written without any particular view to publication, but was taken up by Iris Murdoch who wrote an introduction for it in which she said that although she's not a great solver of puzzles, the book may be 'read as literature' just as in the case of Wittgenstein's "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" and the Bible.
He was invited by Alan Rusbridger to submit puzzles to Weekend Guardian and his two puzzle columns: "Wordplay" and "Pyrgic Puzzles" have appeared in the Saturday edition of the newspaper for 20 years. Maslanka is also the quizmaster for "New Humanist" magazine.
A book interview with David Freeman at BBC Radio Oxford led to Maslanka's contributing anecdotes and puzzles to many programmes and he was eventually given his own programme "PDQ" which gave Maslanka a freer rein for his peculiar blend of comedy and conundrums.
He was also invited by the World Service to broadcast his humorous puzzle anecdotes to the hostages during the Gulf War.
Maslanka designed the puzzles for Harry Horse's 1996 computer game, "Drowned God".
He presented the BBC Radio 4 programme Puzzle Panel which was broadcast between 1998 and 2005.
He has retained his association with St Catherine's College, Oxford who have created a special post for him, that of a "College Enigmatist".
In 2018, he presented a radio series for BBC Radio 4 on the history of puzzling, entitled "Two Thousand Years of Puzzling".


Metropolis Part I

Metropolis Part I is an EP by American electronic music trio The M Machine. It was released on April 24, 2012, and is the first part of a two-part concept album describing the story of a dystopian city known as Metropolis, as described by the digital liner notes available on their website. It was released on OWSLA. The songs "A King Alone" and "Faces" feature vocals from the band members, while "Shadow in the Rose Garden" features vocals from Kelly Koval, which themselves are sampled from their earlier song "Promise Me a Rose Garden".
Plot.
A young boy, Milo, travels to the futuristic city of Metropolis, hoping to start a new life, but instead finds it to be an industrial dystopia, where workers work in factories to provide power for the King of Metropolis. ("Immigrants") The King has built a machine, called the M Machine, meant to pacify the citizens of the city and bring peace to Metropolis. ("A King Alone") In one factory, Milo works in the same place as Luma, a young woman who works on an assembly line and has resigned herself to her factory work. In a sudden moment of rebellion, Luma tries to convince the workers that there is a way to overthrow the King, which stops the entire assembly line process and causes the administration to kill multiple factory workers, including Milo. ("Faces") Luma takes the opportunity to escape the factory. ("Shadow in the Rose Garden")
Meanwhile, three men, the Brothers of Wisdom, infiltrate the caverns of Metropolis in order to obtain control of the M Machine. ("Deep Search") After braving multiple threats, they come face-to-face with a giant spider and are last seen fighting it to get to the Machine. ("Black")
Reception.
"Metropolis Part I" was met with mostly positive reviews. Hit the Floor praised the record as a "breath of fresh air in the current music landscape where things can get very repetitive", while In Your Speakers stated "The incredible element of this is the concepts manifested in the songs are also concrete metaphors, allowing the abstract sounds to resemble and inspire their physical counterparts, making the world come alive in a way that is rare even for written words".


Bachman diagram


Papa Sangre

Papa Sangre is a horror-themed audio game developed by Somethin' Else for Apple’s iOS devices.
The game has been described by the developer as a "video game with no video" — its environment is rendered exclusively in sound via binaural audio, processed on-the-fly using The Papa Engine, a proprietary audio engine.
Development.
The game was released originally in December 2010, with a fully re-written version released in April 2013 based on an entirely new engine. The sequel, "Papa Sangre II", was released on Halloween 2013.
The developer had intended to use VoiceOver, an accessibility function on Apple’s iPhone, to help with user interface for those who need to play the game using that function. VoiceOver was not flexible enough to work at the same time as the sound engine, so after discussion with user testers the developer had to create a separate user interface for VoiceOver users, which encouraged them to turn VoiceOver on and off. The development team includes Paul Bennun, Ben Cave, Adam Hoyle of Do Tank Studios, Peter Law, Margaret Robertson, Nick Ryan and Tassos Stevens of Coney with illustration by Sofiski. The team had also created its own 3D audio engine. "Papa Sangre" was inspired by Sangre Y Patatas. Somethin’ Else thought of pricing the game at £1.99, but Apple encouraged the team to raise the price. At launch, "Papa Sangre" was priced at £3.99.
Plot.
The player character is dead and trapped in Papa Sangre’s kingdom in an afterlife filled with darkness, and needs to save the soul most precious to them trapped in the palace while avoiding a death from dangerous monsters.
Features.
"Papa Sangre" is a thriller/horror game based only on binaural audio. Headphones are required to play. The player moves using foot buttons displayed on screen for each individual step and turns using a built in accelerometer or swiping across the wheel on the top half of the screen. If the player taps each button too fast, the character will fall. While traveling through the world, various sound effects are heard to guide the player. Using binaural audio, the player can determine which direction or how far or close objects are. There are a total of 25 levels to complete as the player tries to survive. The player must collect musical notes and reach the exit to proceed.
Reception.
"Papa Sangre" received mixed reviews. The game was criticized for its high price and file size. "Papa Sangre" received an award for ‘Most Innovative Game’ at Mobile Gaming Awards in March 2011.
Sequel.
Papa Sangre II is the sequel to the survival horror audio game "Papa Sangre". It was published by Playground Publishing B.V on October 31, 2013. The game has a rating of 92% on Metacritic based on nine critic reviews, making it the best-reviewed iOS game of 2013 by its metrics.
Analysis.
Audio only computer games – Papa Sangre
A Hugill, P Amelides - 2016
This article attempts to analyse the audio-only game Papa Sangre. It discusses the background to the analysis and the history of audio-only games, before concentrating upon Papa Sangre itself. It locates the game within the survival horror genre and explores how the gameplay operates from both a technical and player's point of view. It then locates the analysis within a field of film and game sound analysis, considering how audio-only games differ from videogames. It outlines several theoretical approaches to the typology of videogame sound, before proposing a hybrid approach that is more appropriate to audio-only games. It applies this to the sound world of Papa Sangre and analyses some captured gameplay. The essay concludes by suggesting a relationship between Papa Sangre and musical performance and composition.
http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/29332/3/Papa%20Sangre%20ñ%20audio%20only%20computer%20games_FINAL.pdf


Kitaoka Fumio

 was a Japanese artist. He was trained in oil painting, and later became interested in woodblock printing.
Biography.
Born in Tokyo in 1918, Kitaoka studied oil painting with Fujishima Takeji at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts from 1936 to 1941. In his third and fourth years, he was instructed in woodblock printing by Un'ichi Hiratsuka. Following his graduation he worked as an art teacher in Tokyo, until 1945, when he was sent to occupied Manchuria to work with the Japanese government's Northeast Asia Culture Development Society. While in Manchuria, he became interested in contemporary social-realist Chinese monochrome prints, and was inspired to create his 1947 print series "Sōkokue no tabi" ("Repatriation"), chronicling his difficult journey home to Japan.
After his return, he began to attend evening classes with the influential Sōsaku-hanga artist Kōshirō Onchi, and joined his group, the First Thursday Society (一木会, "Ichimokukai"). The Sōsaku-hanga movement advocated artistic creation as originating from the self, and promoted expressing emotions through woodblock print art. At this time, Kitaoka virtually gave up oil painting to focus on woodblock printing, contributing prints to the First Thursday Society's publication in 1947 and 1948, and his 1949 print series "The Face of Tokyo", five portfolios of prints documenting post-war Japan.
In 1955, he moved to Paris to study wood engraving at the École des Beaux Arts, and then to the United States in 1964-5 to teach at the Minneapolis School of Art, and the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. He served as Director of the Japanese Artists Association, and was named an honorary member of the Japan Print Association. Kitaoka died on April 23, 2007, of pneumonia.
Style and technique.
Kitaoka explored both realistic and abstract styles, finally settling later in life on a style that embraced both realism and abstraction in brightly colored landscapes.


State Institute of Design

The State Institute of Design (SID), now called the Department of Design, Rohtak is a fashion institute in Rohtak, Haryana, India. It was set up in 2011 under the aegis of the Department of Technical Education, Government of Haryana.
At present, this institute offers four specialized programmes: Apparel Design, Lifestyle Accessory Design, Product Des/she ign, and Textile Design


Andrew Leker

Andrew Leker is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.
Career.
In the early 1980s, Andrew Leker was a physics and applied mathematics undergraduate at UC Berkeley, when he began imagining a roleplaying game set in a very alien realm; Jorune thus started as a variant of TSR's "Metamorphosis Alpha". Leker self-published the first edition of "SkyRealms of Jorune" (1984) through a new company, SkyRealms Publishing. By the late 1980s, Leker was out of college and moving on to a career in the computer gaming field. Leker founded a new company called Mind Control Software in 1994. The company's first project was a "Jorune"-based computer game called "" (1994), which was published by SSI. Later he produced Silencer (1998) and the IGF awarded Oasis (2005).


Rosalind Dallas

Rosalind Dallas (2 March 1949 - 14 March 2015) was a British graphic designer
The grand daughter of the artist Warwick William Lendon (1883–1971), Dallas and her sister Jennie lived with him after her parents separated. She was educated at the Camden School for Girls and trained at Brighton School of Art. In her graduation show her promise was noted by the Head of Graphics at the BBC, John Aston, and she joined the Corporation.
Dallas worked for the BBC throughout her career, initially working on graphics for the early Open University broadcasts, and subsequently on programmes including "Elizabeth R" (1971), "Testament of Youth" (1979) and "Hot Shoe Shuffle", and the 1998 redesign of the title sequence for "Question Time". Her memorial notice from BAFTA noted her work on the 1997-1999 sitcom "Citizen Smith", Mike Newell's 1991 film "Enchanted April" and Adrian Shergold's 1995 "Devil's Advocate".
Ian Beck, in his obituary of Dallas, wrote that by the 1970s graphic designers working in television were responsible for much more than title cards and caption rolls. they worked "closely with writers and directors they devised, designed and directed lengthy title sequences, directing actors, briefing illustrators and lettering artists, commissioning props and supervising elaborate animations". He described her as having an excellent knowledge of period graphics, as needed by a graphic designer, and noted her "quicksilver wit and a wide range of knowledge worn lightly".
In her retirement she took up rowing on the River Thames and was involved in the campaign against the Thames Tideway Scheme (the "super-sewer"), asserting that work on it over a period of seven years would cause huge disruption including danger to local rowers.
Her mother and her sister Jennie survived her.


Salvation Town

Salvation Town is the debut album from Jonny Wickersham, guitarist for punk band Social Distortion. The album was released on April 1, 2014. The producer of the album was Dave Kalish, a long-time friend and collaborator of Jonny's.


Rod Humble

Rod Humble (born 1 June 1964) is the former Chief Executive Officer of "Second Life" creator Linden Lab, Chief Creative Officer at ToyTalk and former Executive Vice President for the EA Play label of the video game company Electronic Arts. He is the general manager for the Berkeley studio of Paradox Interactive. He has been contributing to the development of games since 1990, and is recently best known for his work on the Electronic Arts titles, "The Sims 2" and "The Sims 3". Previously he worked at Sony Online where he worked on "EverQuest" and before that Virgin Interactive's "SubSpace".
In his spare time, he continues to develop experimental games including "The Marriage", "Stars Over Half Moon Bay" and "Last Thoughts of the Aurochs". His work was shown and played at the SFMOMA in 2016.
On 7 October 2008, a press release noted that Electronic Arts had promoted Humble to Executive Vice President and Head of The Sims Label of EA. In this role, Humble was to be responsible for The Sims Label, the developer and marketer of life-simulation games and online communities with an emphasis on creativity, community and humor.
A non-player character in "The Sims 2" expansion pack, "", is based on Humble. He is seen delivering a gift to new home-owners, the gift always being a computer, the computer having a sneak preview of "The Sims 3".
On 23 December 2010, Linden Lab, the creators and operators of the virtual world "Second Life", announced that he would become their new CEO as of January 2011. On 24 January 2014, Humble announced on his Facebook account that he would be leaving Linden Lab to pursue founding a new company that will "make art, entertainment and unusual things!". On 29 January 2015, Humble announced his latest solo project "Cults & Daggers", with his new company Chaphat.
Paradox Interactive announced that Humble would lead its new internal studio, Paradox Tectonic, located in Berkeley, California, starting in March 2019.


Monster (computer gaming)


Mirage (Digitalism album)

Mirage is the third studio album by German electronic music duo Digitalism, released on 13 May 2016 by Magnetism Recording Co. through PIAS. Jens Moelle and İsmail Tüfekçi produced all songs on the album, with Moelle providing all vocals aside from Anthony Rossomando of the band Dirty Pretty Things on "Battlecry" and the band's former tour bus driver Anthony Wilson providing a freestyle rap on the hip hop track "The Ism".
Along with the announcement of the album, the band released the tracks and first two singles, "Battlecry" and "Utopia". The band toured Europe, North America and Australia in May and June 2016 in support of the album.
Critical reception.
AllMusic's David Jeffries gave the record a 4/5 rating, stating that "Mirage" was about "impetus, hooks that won't quit, and slick synth constructions", and noted its influences from Pink Floyd's '70s-era sound mixing with Underworld's "usual minimalism" that comes with "indie spirit". Stephan Wyatt of PopMatters wrote that "Mirage" "avoids the clichéd themes" which affected the duo's previous album, in turn replacing them with "sub-bass ones and displeasing noises in pleasing ways" together with "synth swells and bass oscillations to create wild mood swings for the dance floor". He gave the album a 7/10 rating.
Paul Nolan from "Hot Press" was more critical of the album by saying that it "sticks closely to the EDM rulebook", especially "Arena" and "Battlecry", which are "thumping electro tracks with gaudy production and blaring choruses", reminiscent of DJs David Guetta and Skrillex. Michael Smith from "Renowned for Sound" felt that although the album had its high moments with "Arena", "Blink" and "Destination Breakdown", it suffered from other tracks lacking a hook and "featuring production choices that don’t make much sense in the grand scheme of the song or album", especially after the two-part track "Mirage".
The track "Go Time" is featured on the "Forza Horizon 3" Horizon Pulse soundtrack.
The track "Shangri-La" is featured on the "FIFA 17" soundtrack.
Personnel.
Credits adapted from "Mirage" liner notes.


Tino Schaedler

Tino Schaedler (born 1972) is a German film art director specializing in digital sets. He was signed by Warner Brothers as a digital set director in 2003.
Biography.
Tino Schaedler has an academic background in architecture and visual effects. He graduated from the Leibniz University Hannover in architecture with honours, studied at the Berlage Institute in Amsterdam, UC Berkeley in the US and the Vancouver Film School. He has taught at the Berlin University of the Arts, the architecture department of UBC in Vancouver and the Architectural Association in London. In 2002 he co-founded studio digital analog with Michael J. Brown.
After working for three years in the offices of Daniel Libeskind and Barkow Leibinger architects his career took a turn and led him to film design. Since then he has worked on several big budget productions, such as Tim Burton's `Charlie and the Chocolate Factory‘,"Catwoman", "V for Vendetta" and "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" and the upcoming New Line production "The Golden Compass" as art director for digital sets. He is currently working a book title and curating a traveling exhibition on contemporary film design. Recently, Tino has been featured in interviews and is holding talks at universities and conventions on digital set design.


Larry Bond

Larry Bond (born 1952) is an American author and wargame designer. He is the designer of the "Harpoon" and "Command at Sea" gaming systems, and several supplements for the games. Examples of his numerous novels include "Dangerous Ground", "Day of Wrath", "The Enemy Within", "Cauldron", "Vortex" and "Red Phoenix". He also co-authored "Red Storm Rising" with Tom Clancy.
Early life and education.
Bond graduated in 1973 from St. Thomas College in St. Paul, Minnesota, with a degree in Quantitative Methods, and then worked first as a computer programmer for two years before being selected for Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island. He was sworn into the United States Navy in 1975 and graduated from NAVOCS the following year.
Career.
Bond served in the United States Navy for six years, serving four years on a destroyer and two years on shore duty in the Washington, D.C. area. He then served in the reserves for two years with the Naval Reserve Intelligence Program. After leaving the Navy he worked as a naval analyst for defense consulting firms in the Washington, D.C. area.
Early writings.
Bond's began his writing career by collaborating with Tom Clancy on "Red Storm Rising" (1986), a New York Times bestseller that was one of the best-selling books of the 1980s. It depicted a hypothetical conflict between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, drawing heavily on current analysis of what such a conflict would be like. It has been used as a text at the Naval War College and similar institutions.
Since then, Bond's books have depicted military and political crises, emphasizing accuracy and fast-paced action. "Red Phoenix", "Vortex", and "Cauldron" were all New York Times bestsellers. "Red Phoenix" is set in South Korea and depicts an invasion of the south instigated by the North Korean government. "Vortex" tells the story of a reactionary Afrikaner government trying to roll back the clock in South Africa. "Cauldron" shows a financial crisis in Europe that grew out of control, leading to a military confrontation between France, Germany and countries of the Eastern Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary) supported by the United States.
Harpoon gaming system.
Bond's "Harpoon" gaming system was first published in 1980. Designed as a general-purpose air, surface, and submarine naval simulation, it combines playability with a wealth of information on modern naval weapons systems. Designed for the entry-level player, it has found acceptance in both the commercial market and the professional naval community. It is used at the Naval Academy, several ROTC installations, and on several surface ships as a training aid.
Now in its fourth edition, "Harpoon" won the H.G. Wells Award, a trade association honor, in both 1981 and 1987 as the best miniatures game of the year. The computer version of the game first appeared in 1989 and won the 1990 Wargame of the Year award from "Computer Gaming World", an industry journal.
Personal life.
He makes his home in Springfield, Virginia.


Scratches (video game)

Scratches is a mystery adventure computer game by game developer Nucleosys. "Scratches" is the first commercial adventure game ever to be made in Argentina.
Plot.
The game tells the story of the Blackwood estate on the outskirts of Rothbury, a small rural town in Northumberland, England in 1976.
Originally owned by James T. Blackwood in 1963, the house is passed to Christopher Milton after Mr. Blackwood is accused of murdering his wife. A couple of days later, Mr. Blackwood dies of a sudden heart attack though some in the town start rumors that he might have committed suicide. The police decide to close the case seeing there is no further evidence left. Shortly after acquiring the house, Milton inexplicably disappears in 1970 leaving no visible trace.
The player assumes the role of the house's next inhabitant, Michael Arthate, an author seeking seclusion to work on his next book. He moves in only to find that the house still echoes its horrible past quite literally as "scratches" are heard all around, particularly in the basement and fireplaces, and soon becomes more interested in researching the house's history than his writing.
In the end, it is revealed the scratches were being caused by Robin, the deformed son of James and Catherine, who was locked in the basement. Michael flees the house after this discovery, finishes his novel, and becomes a prolific novelist as a result from his encounter.
Original Ending.
Originally, the player was supposed to use an amulet to kill Robin, turning him back into a human. They would themselves die if they were not able to figure the puzzle out. Lead developer Agustin Cordes said the ending was "completely unfair in terms of design," and it was subsequently abandoned.
Last Visit.
In the Director's Cut edition of the game, a sidequest called "The Last Visit" continues the narration from where Michael had fled. A reporter is sent to uncover the mysteries of Blackwood Manor before it will be destroyed. The place has become a scene of ruin; full of looting, vandalism, and graffiti. The reporter ultimately discovers Robin, who chases him until Milton appears at the manor to speak with Robin. Robin leaps onto Milton and presumably kills him as the reporter escapes. Blackwood Manor is then demolished and the reporter notes that the mystery of a mask found inside the home remains unsolved.
Cast.
James Thomas Blackwood: An eccentric gentleman, Mr. Blackwood had always been a prominent figure in Rothbury, his hometown since his childhood, being one of the most successful construction engineers in the region.
Catherine Lydia Blackwood: James Blackwood's enigmatic wife, an English teacher at a local school in Rothbury.
Christopher Edward Milton: An intimate friend and longtime doctor to the Blackwood family.
Eva Mariani: Miss Mariani, an Italian immigrant and aspiring professional photographer, was the Blackwood family's maid for several years.
William Bailey: Mr Bailey, a now-retired police chief, was in charge of the investigation of the death of Catherine Blackwood in the early 1960s. He was convinced of Mr Blackwood's guilt, but was never able to convict him.
Michael Arthate: Michael is an up-and-coming writer. Sales of his acclaimed first novel, "Vanishing Town" (a reference to "Dark Fall"), left him with enough wealth to acquire an imposing Victorian mansion, a longtime dream of his.
Jerry P. Carter: An old friend of Michael, and a successful real estate agent.
Barbara Stiles: Michael hired Barbara as his assistant to aid him with fan mail and to contact magazines around the world, offering them his short stories.
Robin Blackwood: The son of James and Catherine Blackwood who was kept hidden from the public due to his deformities.
Gameplay.
"Scratches" uses a first-person perspective to navigate around the house. Using only a mouse, the player can access various rooms and other places in order to solve the mystery of both Blackwood and Milton's disappearances. It features music and special sound effects by the now-defunct Cellar of Rats, which contribute to the fearsome ambience experienced at the mansion, crypt, greenhouse and church.
The game is heavily influenced by the H.P. Lovecraft mythos and several direct references to Lovecraft works make their appearances in "Scratches". There are in-game references to the Necronomicon, De Vermis Mysteriis, Lovecraft's story "The Mountains of Madness," as well as one critic of Michael's book being called R'yleh. Michael states in the game he had just moved to Rothbury from Providence, Rhode Island-the hometown of Lovecraft.
Development.
Scratches was developed by a two-man team in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Agustin Cordes did the programming and design, while Alejandro Graziana did the art direction. They brought in ambient composer Cellar of Rats to handle the audio. The developers never intended to have a soundtrack, but after hearing Cellar of Rats work, they decided that it would add to the unsettling and cinematic atmosphere.
The developers opted to create their own engine called Scream (Simple Creation Engine for Adventure Makers), rather than licensing a pre-existing engine. Thethe Scream engine utilised a combination of pre-rendered graphics and 3D, creating what the team referred to as “pseudo 3D”, an effect which was hard to create using existing adventure game engines.
The game was designed to be non-linear.
The games "horror" atmosphere has been compared to that of Resident Evil.
Artwork from the game started being released in 2004.
Scratches: Director's Cut saw changes analogous to those between "MYST" and "Realmyst".
Scratched went Gold on February 21, 2006.
Release.
"Scratches" was first released in North America on March 8, 2006 through game publisher Got Game Entertainment. However, Nucleosys had plans to release several international versions of the game worldwide.
A German version of the game has been available since March 2006 (published by Rondomedia), as has the Italian version "Graffi Mortali" (published by Power Up). A Greek version of the game is also available.
A Russian version of the game has been available since May 2006 (published by Russobit-M).
The Spanish version of the game ("Rasguños") was announced but was never completed.
Nucleosys in 2007 released a "Director's Cut" version of Scratches, which includes an alternate ending and two more hours of gameplay. In addition to remastered sound, graphics and more. This version was announced on March 16, 2007. The title was part of Got Game Entertainment's mixed genre of games in 2007. On October 21, 2010, Meridian4 announced that they had signed a digital publishing agreement with Nucleosys for this game.
There were plans to create a Director's Commentary with a few additional features but as a result of Nucleosys' shutdown, it will not be released.
In 2012, Meridian4 released Scratched on Steam.
Versions for Linux and Mac OS X were planned, but were never released before the demise of the developer.
Critical reception.
Globally, "Scratches" sold more than 150,000 units by March 2007. By 2012, sales had reached roughly 250,000 units. Upon release of the director's cut, Wired asserted "You probably didn't play PC game Scratches".
In March 2006, Scratches ranked in the top 10 of Amazon.com's Top Sellers in Computer and Video Games, as well as in popular game indexes such as GameRankings.com.
Scratches received mixed reviews but overall achieved an average to high score from most review sites. According to Gameguru the game " received decent reviews". Most notably GameSpot gave the game a 3.9 and IGN gave it a 7.7, emphasising the game's mixed reviews.
GamesRadar noted that the games uses a "brooding, silent atmosphere" to "slowly build up the tension and terror". Game Chrinocle offered a positive review on the horror aspects of the game. IGN seerted that it was "average" and "decent-to-good".
Legacy.
After Nucleosys went out of business, Agustín Cordes would go on to found Senscape, who are currently developing the horror game "Asylum" after a successful Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign.
Scratches is the first commercially released adventure game ever developed in Argentina.


John MacInnes (writer)

John MacInnes is an Anglo-American screenwriter and director, noted for writing the script of the video game "".
Early life.
John was born in Syracuse, New York in 1969, moving with his mother Tina MacInnes to the United Kingdom in 1972. During the 1980s John was well known as a top Freestyle BMX rider and was featured on the front cover of the magazine "BMX Biker" issue 11 . In 1992 he graduated from Goldsmiths, University of London with an Honours Degree in Communications Studies and Sociology.
John's career in the film industry began in 1986 as projectionist at the Rex Cinema in Wareham, Dorset . Soon after he began working in casting, establishing a mobile video business, specializing in screen-tests. During that time he worked with directors including Sydney Pollack, Milos Forman, Tim Burton, John Schlesinger and Alan Parker.
In 2001 John wrote and directed the short film "Chopsticks" , starring Ron Moody. The film was a finalist in the 2002 Turner Classic Movies short film competition.
The UK Film Council and the David Lean Foundation awarded John a scholarship in 2003 to complete his Master's degree in scriptwriting at UCLA, after which he moved permanently to Los Angeles in 2004.
Career.
In 2011, John won the Nicholl Fellowship in Screenwriting for the action/thriller script "Outside the Wire" . Actress Zoe Saldana is currently attached both as producer and to star in the lead role.
In 2012, John was employed by Activision to write the next installment of the game series "Call of Duty" for Sledgehammer Games. Titled "", it became the top-selling video game of 2014.
John currently lives in Los Angeles with his wife Cynthia Cruz-MacInnes and son Sebastian .


Louise Fili

Louise Fili is an American graphic designer recognized for her elegant use of typography and timeless quality in her design. Her work often draws on inspiration from her love of Italy, Modernism, and European Art Deco styles. Considered a leader in the postmodern return to historical styles in book jacket design, Fili explores historic typography combined with modern colors and compositions.
Beginning her career in the publishing industry, she became known for her strong typographic approach, designing nearly 2,000 book jackets during her time with Random House. Since opening her own design studio, her work specializes in restaurant identity, food-related logos, and packaging.
Early life.
The daughter of Italian schoolteachers, Fili said she was “interested in design before [she] even knew what it was.” As a child she carved letterforms into her walls, designed book covers, and created illuminated manuscripts of Bob Dylan lyrics. A visit to her parents homeland in her teens inspired a life-long love of Italy. When she was 16, Fili taught herself calligraphy using a Speedball guide and an Osmiroid pen. She attended Skidmore College in Saratoga Springs, New York to study studio art.
Education.
In 1973 Fili received a Bachelor of Science in studio art from Skidmore College, where she discovered her love for graphic design. Her senior project was an Italian hand-lettered cookbook. Fili moved to New York City in 1973, interning at the Museum of Modern Art and finishing the last semester of her degree at the School of Visual Arts.
Career.
After graduating, Fili began her career as a freelance designer on special project books at Alfred A. Knopf from 1975-76. At 25, she was hired as a senior designer for Herb Lubalin, where she remained from 1976–78. She found type to be an expressive tool, which set the foundation for her later work.
In 1978, she joined Random House as the art director at Pantheon Books, where she eschewed standard fonts in favor of creating unique typographic treatments for each book jacket. Her flexible approach extended to the physical surface treatment as well; Fili rejected the standard shiny finishes and foil-stamping on book jackets in favor of matte, laminated coatings which proved softer and more durable. "I was on a mission to prove that you didn’t have to shout to capture someone’s attention. The cover that I did for The Lover, by Marguerite Duras, was probably the best example of that." The success of her jacket for Marguerite Duras's bestseller, "The Lover", in 1984 allowed her increased creative freedom at Pantheon. Fili designed close to 2000 books during her tenure at the publisher.
In 1989, she opened her own studio, Louise Fili Ltd, specializing in the design of restaurant identity, food-related logos, and packaging. “There were a few things I did know when I started my business. I knew I wanted to stay small and I always have. I also wanted to focus on the only three things that interest me: food, type, and all things Italian.” Fili said. She sought to "change the accepted formulas of food packaging" by pursuing designs that were quiet and subtle, believing that "one does not have to shout to be noticed." During that time, there were few female-run companies, so she knew naming the company after herself could be a liability. She embraced this by sending the message: "If you have a problem with my being female, then I don’t want "you" as a client.” She has designed identities for many New York City eateries such as Pearl Oyster Bar, Picholine, Artisanal, The Mermaid Inn, and Via Carota, and has created packaging for Sarabeth's, Tate's, and Bella Cucina. Her geometric, often Cubist-like designs show an affinity to European Modernism, particularly the work of Lucian Bernhard, A.M. Cassandre, Jean Carlu, and Italian posters of the 1930s.
In 2014 Princeton Architectural Press published "Grafica della Strada," a compilation of her Italian sign photographs. This was followed in 2015 by "Graphique de la Rue: The Signs of Paris."
Fili has authored and co-authored over twenty books, many of them with her husband, the design historian Steven Heller. A monograph of her work, "Elegantissima," was published in 2012.
In 2009, she redesigned the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval for its 100th anniversary.
In 2000, she received three James Beard Award nominations, and since 1998 she is an elected member of the Alliance Graphique Internationale. In 2004, Fili was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame. In 2015 she received the medal of lifetime achievement from the Type Directors Club. In 2021, she was recognized for her contributions to typography with the Frederic W. Goudy Award, one of the highest honors in the in the field of typography.
For over twenty years, Fili has taught at School of Visual Arts, in both the undergraduate and graduate programs as well as the SVA Masters Workshop in Rome every summer. She has also taught at the New School, New York University and Cooper Union.
Permanent collections.
Fili's work is held in the following permanent collections:


Tommy Jarrell

Tommy Jarrell (born Thomas Jefferson Jarrell, March 1, 1901 Surry County, North Carolina, died January 28, 1985) was an American fiddler, banjo player, and singer from the Mount Airy region of North Carolina's Appalachian Mountains.
Biography.
Although he made his living from road construction (operating a motor grader for the North Carolina Highway Department until his retirement in 1966), Jarrell was an influential musician, eventually attracting attention from Washington D.C. when he received the National Endowment for the Arts' National Heritage Fellowship in 1982. That year's fellowships were the first bestowed by the NEA, and are considered the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
Jarrell's style was notable for its expressive use of syncopation and sliding ornamentation, and he was adept at singing while playing. His formidable technique and rough timbre continue to influence modern aficionados of Appalachian old-time music and in particular the Round Peak style of clawhammer banjo.
In his later years, Jarrell lived in the small unincorporated community of Toast, North Carolina. His life is documented in two films by Les Blank, listed below.
Legacy.
Jarrell's first fiddle, which he bought for $10, is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.
He was the subject of two documentaries produced by Les Blank: "Sprout Wings and Fly" and "My Old Fiddle: A Visit with Tommy Jarrell in the Blue Ridge". He also featured in the 2002 DVD "Legends of Old Time Music".
An annual festival, established in 2002 as the Tommy Jarrell Celebration, is held in Mount Airy, North Carolina.


Antonio Castillo (costume designer)

Antonio Cánovas del Castillo de Rey (13 December 1908 – 13 May 1984), known professionally as Antonio Castillo, was a Spanish costume designer who won an Academy Award for the film "Nicholas and Alexandra" in the category Academy Award for Best Costume Design during the 1971 Academy Awards, that he won along with Yvonne Blake.
Biography.
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo de Rey was born in 1908 in Madrid. He was educated in his home city at the Colegio del Pilar and the University of Madrid before studying in Granada at the El Sacro Monte.
In 1936 the Spanish Civil War started and Castillo went to Paris. He spent some time as a diplomat until in 1949 he became a designer for Paquin and Robert Piguet. He also designed accessories for Coco Chanel.
Castillo, together with Pierre Balmain, Cristóbal Balenciaga, and Christian Dior, were the new generation of Paris designers after World War II. In 1945, Elizabeth Arden persuaded him to join her in New York. He produced collections based on natural shoulder lines and slim silhouettes, topped with small hats, until 1950. Castillo also worked as a costume designer for the New York Metropolitan Opera Company and for Broadway shows.
In 1950, Castillo was invited by Jeanne Lanvin's daughter to design for her mother's firm in Paris, with hopes of relaunching the firm's name. In 1950 he joined the fashion house of Lanvin. Lanvin had died in 1946 and the salon needed a new designer. From 1950 to 1962, the salon was known for elegant clothes, slender lines, long flowing skirts in rich fabrics, and elaborate embroideries. In 1962, Castillo left Lanvin and in 1964 opened his own business in Paris. He continued to design clothes for clients, the film and the stage.


Stunt Car Racer

Stunt Car Racer (published as Stunt Track Racer in the United States) is a racing video game developed by Geoff Crammond. It was published in 1989 by MicroProse, under their MicroStyle and MicroPlay labels in the United Kingdom and in the United States, respectively.
Gameplay.
The game differs from other racing games in that the races take place on an elevated race track, with nothing to stop the player from accidentally driving off the side. Most race tracks in the game have gaps in them, which players can fall into. If this occurs then the player's vehicle is hoisted back onto the track (by a nearby crane), costing valuable time. Turbo can be used to make a car go faster, but it can only be used for a limited amount of time in each race.
The single-player game consists of a league table which is split into four divisions of three drivers each, making a total of twelve racers including the human player. There are two racing tracks in each division making it a total of eight tracks in the game. The tracks in division four (the first division) are easy, but the tracks get progressively more difficult and dangerous with each division. The player's objective is to reach, and subsequently win, division one. There are four races in a season, and each driver will race the other two drivers in both of the tracks in the division. Each race is run over three laps. Two points are awarded to the winner of each race and one point is awarded to the racer with the fastest lap time. At the end of each season, the top racer of each division is promoted to the next higher division while the driver in last place will be relegated.
Damage to the player's car occurs when the player lands too hard on the track after driving over a crest too fast, crashes into a wall, falls into a gap in the track, or hits the opponent's car. If the damage, which is indicated by a crack in the frame at the top of the screen, reaches a certain level, the vehicle is deemed to be wrecked and the driver loses the race instantly. A particularly hard crash will also make holes representing structural damage appear in the frame above the windshield. Holes remain on the car for the rest of the season and increase the rate at which the crack in the frame advances.
The player can compete against computer opponents or, at least on the Atari ST and Amiga versions, with another player using two computers connected via a null modem cable, each with their own TV or monitor.
Development and release.
The ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC ports of "Stunt Car Racer" were programmed by Pete Cooke, already well known for his many 3D games on those platforms. The Commodore 64 version was later modified for use without a keyboard. This version was in the Power Play cartridge together with "Rick Dangerous" and "MicroProse Soccer", released for the C64 Games System. A port of "Stunt Car Racer" for the Atari Jaguar was rumored to be in development, but it was never released.
A long-awaited sequel, "Stunt Car Racer Pro", was announced in April 2003, but it never came to fruition.
Reception.
The game received critical acclaim. "Amstrad Action" gave the game 96/100, defining it a "truly stunning racing sim" and one of the best ever on Amstrad CPC. "Crash" gave the game 87/100, praising the graphics and the entertainment, but criticizing the limiting number of tracks.
"Amiga Power" and "Your Sinclair" ranked "Stunt Car Racer" respectively the 10th and the 85th best game of all time.


Ephixa

James Leusink (born April 13, 1990), better known by his alias Ephixa (sometimes stylised as ephixa), is a Canadian electronic music producer who lives in Ontario, Canada. He is best known for his viral "Charlie Sheen Bi-Winning" dubstep remix, remixes of music from the Legend of Zelda franchise as well as various other remixes and original electronic music. Leusink peaked at #11 on Billboard's Next Big Sound chart in November 2011.
Early life.
Leusink was born on April 13, 1990. His interest in music started when he was 8 years old, playing the keyboard without prior lessons. He got his first guitar several years later, began taking lessons, and joined various bands. Leusink's work in electronic music began while he was developing video games in his spare time, desired to create a soundtrack for his various games. Originally influenced by hardstyle artists such as Alphaverb, Showtek, and Evil Activities, Leusink has used the digital audio workstation FL Studio to produce his music.
Career.
2010 to 2011: "Zelda Step", "Charlie Sheen Bi-Winning Dubstep", and "Sanctuary".
On April 10, 2010, Leusink released his second album, "Zelda Step". The album featured remixes of "Lost Woods", "Song of Storms" and "Gerudo Valley" from , as well as a remix of "Dragon Roost Island" from . The album received mixed to positive reviews, with Jade Royal of "Sputnikmusic" giving the album a 3.5 out of 5 rating, stating "It's a thin line that Ephixa treads with 'Zelda Step', but one that ultimately pleases more than disdains". Elton Jones of "Complex" later placed Leusink's remix of "Lost Woods" as the best remix of a video game theme song, finalising his review of the song with "The Legend of Zelda Lost Woods theme mixed with dubstep sounds incredible."
On March 2, 2011, Leusink released "Charlie Sheen Bi-Winning Dubstep", a remix featuring footage of Charlie Sheen from an interview originally broadcast on American TV series "20/20". Within two days of its release, the remix had been viewed over 700,000 times and received over 7,500 likes on YouTube, becoming one of the site's most popular and viral videos at the time.
On September 19, 2011, Leusink released his dubstep remix of the song "Sanctuary", originally by English trance producer Gareth Emery. The remix was included in an extended play based on the original song, titled "Sanctuary (The Remixes)". When reviewing the extended play, a writer for "DJ Mag" commented on Leusink's remix, stating that he had gone for a "twitchy, spasmodic bit of dubstep-ery, which is ok, of the type". In the week of November 5, 2011, Leusink entered and peaked at number 11 on Billboard's Next Big Sound chart.
2012 to 2015: Monstercat, Hiatus, "Catfish", and "Machina".
On August 3, 2012, Leusink released "Awesome To The Max", which the "Your EDM" staff described as "heavy but laid back, and a gift for fans of dubstep and Monstercat alike". On August 25, Leusink collaborated with American producer Varien and Canadian duo Project 46 to release "The Anthem". The collaboration was released alongside an animated music video to celebrate Monstercat's one year anniversary. Both "Awesome To The Max" and "The Anthem" appeared on Monstercat's ninth compilation album, "Monstercat 009 – Reunion". Both songs were later featured on Monstercat's "Best of 2012" compilation album.
In November 2012, Leusink left Monstercat, continuing to release music independently. On November 16, he released "Fuck The System", a mashup of himself, Deadmau5, TVDS, and Showtek. The song was released to promote "Fuck the 9to5 jobs". On January 17, 2013, Leusink released "Unraveled Reality", which Steve Jacobs of "EDM Sauce" wrote that the track "offers a bit of a soothing feel along with some big drum sounds". In 2013, Leusink went on hiatus. During a Reddit AMA, The Monstercat staff were questioned about what happened to Leusink, which they answered:
On June 30, 2014, a year after he released "Unraveled Reality" and almost two years after he released "The Anthem", Leusink independently released "Catfish". "EDMTunes"' James Brannigan noted the song for its minimalist trance progression, later writing that as soon as "the drop hits, Ephixa brings back the sound he used to win all of our hearts with as he did in his dubstep remix of 'Song of Storms'".
On February 5, 2015, Leusink released his remix of American electronic producer Dex Arson's song "Machina" as part of the latter's extended play "Welcome to War". Writing for "EDMTunes," James Brannigan noted the remix for its diversity and described it as "bearing a resemblance to Excision’s style". Matthew Meadow of "Your EDM" wrote that Luesink had transformed the original song into a "genre-hopping, deep and rumbling tune bound to blow your speakers", later stating that the synths used were "wonderfully bubbly and sinister at the same time, allowing for an extremely diverse and layered track, just the kind of thing I live for".
2016 to 2017: Return to Monstercat and subsequent releases.
On July 4, 2016, nearly 4 years after his last release on Monstercat, Leusink collaborated with Stephen Walking to release "Matches" as part of "Monstercat's 5 Year Anniversary", featuring Aaron Richards as vocals. The collaboration was previously featured in Leusink's 2014 mini-mix "Wip Rip Reel" under the working title "Old Dennis". At the time, Leusink stated that the track would "most likely never" be finished. The song was later voted by fans to be featured as part of Monstercat's "Best of 2016" compilation album.
On February 2, 2017, Leusink collaborated with Laura Brehm to release "Losing You" on Monstercat. Billie-Darian Hollyhead of "Playing With Sound" called the song a "beautiful progressive house track", noting Brehms' vocals as "truly stunning as they lay on top of the oscillating beats". The song was later featured as part of Monstercat's "Best of 2017" compilation album. On August 19, 2017, Leusink appeared on Laura Brehm's remix album "Breathe EP Remixes".
On July 5, 2017, Leusink released the song "Skyforth" as part of "Rocket League x Monstercat Vol. 1", the first collaborative album between Monstercat and San Diego-based video game developer Psyonix. The song appeared in the in-game soundtrack of Psyonix's 2015 video game Rocket League, alongside 17 other songs by various artists including Slushii, Aero Chord, Vicetone, Tristam, and Rogue.
On October 26, 2017, Leusink collaborated with Laura Brehm to release "Deja Vu" on the latter's own record label Electric Bird Records. "Your EDM"'s Landon Fleury compared the song to Leusink's previous song "Skyforth", wring that the tack "sees Ephixa continuing down the house path in a similar way to his song 'Skyforth', but with a distinctly stronger groove and fresh vocal chops to top everything off". Fleury later noted Brehm's vocals as ones that "really soar, elevating the production to its maximum potential".
On December 13, 2017, Leusink collaborated with electronic music producer Bossfight to release "Subside" on Monstercat. Writing for "Your EDM", Landon Fleury wrote about the song's influences from various electronic dance music genres including chiptune, synthwave, bass house, and trap, stating that the song "sees Ephixa turning back to the heavier-leaning sound his musical career was founded on, diving into electro at full power" and concluding his review by writing "Simply said, it’s a variety of different sounds and styles that somehow fit together perfectly in the end". The song was later featured on "Monstercat Uncaged Vol. 4", the first compilation album released by Monstercat since their "Uncaged" and "Instinct" re-branding in January earlier in the year. The song appeared on Monstercat's "Best of 2018" compilation album.
2018 to present: "Dreamstate", "Sundance", and "Monstercat's 8 Year Anniversary Adventure".
On August 10, 2018, Leusink released "Dreamstate" on Monstercat. A writer of "T.H.E - Music Essentials" described the song as a refresh of Leusink's style, writing that the song production has been made "very thoughtfully and yet, allows one to freely flow through its rhythms." The song was later featured as part of Monstercat's second "Instinct" series compilation album titled "Monstercat Instinct Vol. 2," alongside 39 other songs by various artists, including The Night, Fwlr, Julian Calor, and Vicetone.
On June 11, 2019, Leusink collaborated with electronic music producer Heartful to release the synthwave song "Sundance". The song was later added to the video game Rocket League as part the second phase of the latter's "Radical Summer" in-game event. Leusink and Heartful were joined by other Monstercat artists included in the update, including 7 Minutes Dead, Desert Star, Televisor, Tut Tut Child, Varien, and Wrld.
On July 1, Leusink collaborated with Canadian DJ and Producer Going Quantum to release the drum and bass song "Let's Roll." The next day, Leusink collaborated with Stephen Walking to release the song "Problems". Both songs were released as part of Monstercat's 8 Year Anniversary album, titled "Monstercat's 8 Year Anniversary Adventure", released on July 12.
On November 17, 2020, Animated electronic music duo Half an Orange released their extended play M"ostly We Grow Pt. 3." Their electro-rock collaboration with Leusink, "Time Travel Kool Aid", was included as the first song on the extended play.


Notebook on Cities and Clothes

Notebook on Cities and Clothes is a documentary film about Yohji Yamamoto directed by Wim Wenders. Despite Wender's previous disdain for fashion, he undertook filming after being commissioned by the Pompidou Center in Paris. The film loosely centers on a series of interviews with Yamamoto, inter-spaced with footage of his atelier, previous work and his then upcoming show. Notably, Yamamoto's comments and philosophical musings lead Wenders to make his own comments about the nature of cities, identity, and the role of cinema in modern life.


Uniforms of the United States Space Force

The uniforms of the United States Space Force are the standardized military uniforms worn by U.S. Space Force guardians.
History.
Since becoming an independent service on 20 December 2019, guardians have continued to use the Air Force’s uniforms. The first Chief of Space Operations, Gen John W. Raymond, has stated the service will adopt its own distinctive uniform, and the first Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force Roger A. Towberman announced in September 2020 that two of its first unique uniforms will go through a testing period conducted by 120 guardians.
Service dress uniform.
The Space Force's interim service dress uniform was inherited from the U.S. Air Force, which was adopted by Air Force chief of staff General Ronald Fogleman in 1994, replacing earlier blue service dress uniforms, and will continue to be used until the conclusion of the uniform tests. The Space Force service dress uniform is distinguished from Air Force service dress by a distinctive U.S. Space Force lapel insignia.
The uniform coat is single-breasted with three buttons and has one welt pocket on the upper left side and two lower pocket flaps. The buttons are silver-oxided, featuring traditional "Hap Arnold wings". Officer coats feature epaulets for the placement of rank. General officers wear a blue sleeve braid, while all other officers wear a blue sleeve braid. Like the Air Force, mirror-silver "U.S." insignia are worn on the collars, however Space Force guardians also wear a pair of U.S. Space Force lapel insignia. A silver name tag with blue detailing is worn on the right side of the uniform, while ribbons and occupational badges are worn on the left side of the uniform.
Combat utility uniform.
On 17 January 2020, the Space Force announced that its combat utility uniform would be the same OCP uniform as when it was Air Force Space Command. The full-color United States flag is worn on the left side of the uniform. The name tape, branch tape, and rank are embroidered in space blue, distinguishing it from the OCP uniforms worn by the Army and Air Force. (The Army uses black thread for embroidery and wears the full-color flag on the right arm, except in combat areas where a subdued black flag is used. The Air Force uses spice brown embroidery thread and wears a subdued spice brown flag on the right arm of the uniform at all times.) The OCP uniform was first introduced by the Army in 2015 and adopted by the Air Force in 2019.
The Space Force also authorized the Airman Battle Uniform as a combat utility uniform, which was introduced by the Air Force in 2007 and was phased out in April 2021.
Cadet uniform.
Space Force cadets at the United States Air Force Academy wear the standard parade dress uniform with a platinum sash for graduation. Air Force cadets wear the same uniform, but with a gold sash.


Tankini

The tankini is a bathing suit combining a tank top, mostly made of spandex-and-cotton or Lycra-and-nylon, and a bikini bottom introduced in the late 1990s. This type of swimwear is considered by some to provide modesty closer to a one-piece suit with the convenience of a two-piece suit, as the entire suit need not be removed in order to use a toilet. Tankinis come in a variety of styles, colors, and shapes, some include features such as integrated push-up bras. It is particularly popular as children's beachwear, and athletic outfit good enough for a triathlon. According to Katherine Betts, "Vogue's" fashion-news director, this amphibious sportswear for sand or sea lets users go rafting, play volleyball, and swim without worrying about losing their top.
A tank top consists of a sleeveless shirt with low neck and adjustable shoulder straps that vary in width and style. It is named after "tank suits", one-piece bathing costumes of the 1920s worn in tanks or swimming pools. The upper garment is worn either by men or women, having a greater variety of models available for women. In men it is usually used as underwear.
Etymology.
According to author William Safire, "The most recent evolution of the "-kini" family is the tankini, a cropped tank top supported by spaghetti-like strings." The tankini is distinguished from the classic bikini by the difference in tops, the top of the tankini essentially being a tank top. The tankini top extends downward to somewhere between just above the navel and the top of the hips. The word is a portmanteau of the tank of tank top and the suffix of bikini. This go-between nature of tankini has rendered its name to things ranging from a lemonade-based martini ("Tankini Martini") to server architecture ("Tankini HipThread"). The "Language Report", compiled by lexicographer Susie Dent and published by the Oxford University Press (OUP) in 2003, considers lexicographic inventions like bandeaukini and camkini, two variants of the tankini, important to observe.
History.
Tankini and the concept of mix-and-match swimwears were the two major innovations in that genre in late 1990s. Designer Anne Cole, the US swimwear mogul, was the originator of this style. She was the woman behind the California swimwear label bearing her name and launched as an offshoot of her family's pioneering swimsuit company. Hailed as the first major innovation in women's swimsuit design in several
decades, the tankini, Cole's clever two- piece, which blended the freedom of a bikini with the more modest coverage of a one-piece bathing suit, quickly captured nearly a third of the swimwear market. Her biggest hit, the tankini, came in 1998 when her label introduced the innovation. This two-piece suit with a top half that covered more of the torso than a standard bikini top was first devised by Cole for herself as a young girl. Aimed at closing a gap in the swimwear market, the popularity of tankini largely came from Cole's tapping into women's anxieties about swimwear. In the six seasons following its introduction, tankinis diversified in style and range, adding other big name designers like Ralph Lauren, Donna Karan, Nautica, and Calvin Klein. In 2005, a controversy broke out when Buddhists complained against swimwear manufacturer Ondade Mar and lingerie giant Victoria's Secret started marketing tankinis featuring Buddhist iconography. In the same year, Nike's breast cancer awareness swimwear collection featured four different cuts of tankini.
Usage.
Tankinis are suggested as an option for women who had gone through mastectomy, i.e. removal of one or both breasts by surgery, modest bust sizes, and long-torsos. For women who don't have washboard abs, Betts commented, "If you don't feel comfortable wearing a bikini, the tankini's an option that's sort of in between." In "Think & Date Like a Man", fashion writer April Masini suggests wearing a tankini for women with smaller breasts and less-than-toned abdomens as the most flattering choice of beachwear, with the right amount of coverage along with the feeling of a two-piece suit. A not-too-close-fitting tankini, ensembled with a sarong, has been suggested for gymnophobia or the fear of nudity. Tankinis, sometimes divided in front exposing the navel, exist for pregnant women.
Variants.
Gucci's crystal-studded tankini, on the May 1998 covers of both "Harper's Bazaar" and "Cosmopolitan" was as expensive as US$2,425, while bargain tankinis were available at less than US$10. Variations of the tankini, dubbed by Cole as the ""ini" sisters." made mostly of spandex-and-cotton or Lycra-and-nylon, has been added by designers and retailers, chiefly Cole of California and Mervyns, to maximize the tankini sales. Fashion experts also suggest tankini-style wedding dresses for brides of a certain body-types, i.e. athletic long legs.
Camkini.
A camkini is a tankini with spaghetti straps of a camisole top instead of tank-shaped straps over a bikini bottom. Ebony Fashion Fair's traveling fashion show in 2000 presented camikinis as one of the top trends that year. Point Sol, a fashion house, offers higher-waist bottoms and a sports camisole as a more sports-oriented swimsuit style for volleyball and in-line skating.


Willy Holt

Willy Holt (30 November 1921 – 22 June 2007) was an American production designer, art director and actor who lived in France for many years and worked extensively for the French film industry. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film "Is Paris Burning?" He also won a César Award for Best Production Design for "Au revoir, les enfants".


James Wyatt (game designer)

James Wyatt ("ca." 1968/1969) is a game designer and a former United Methodist minister. He works for Wizards of the Coast, where he has designed several award-winning supplements and adventures for the "Dungeons & Dragons" ("D&D") roleplaying game. He is the author of several sci-fi and fantasy novels, including several Forgotten Realms books, and the 4th edition "Dungeon Master's Guide".
Biography.
Wyatt grew up in Ithaca, NY where he attended Ithaca High School, graduating in 1986. He had been playing role-playing games since the late 1970s, beginning with the first "Basic D&D" set: "I remember pretending to be a wizard in my backyard before I picked up the basic set... I used the monster statistics in the D&D books to give us wizards something to fight in our primitive backyard live-action roleplaying game." After high-school he attended Oberlin in Ohio as a religion major and graduated in 1990. He went on to receive a Master of Divinity from Union Theological Seminary in New York City, in 1993. He was married soon after. In 1994, Wyatt began his working career as the minister of two small United Methodist churches in southeastern Ohio.
While working as a minister Wyatt began writing in his spare time for "Dragon" magazine, starting with material for TSR's "Masque of the Red Death" setting. By 1996, Wyatt decided to change his career path: "While I was in the ministry, I started submitting adventures to "Dungeon" magazine... I found that my D&D work was a source of freedom and energy when ministry was more life-draining for me. When I started getting adventures and articles accepted, it was so exciting that it became clear that D&D would never again be just a hobby for me." The same year he moved to Wisconsin in hopes of getting a full-time job at TSR, which did not immediately work out, but he kept writing material as a freelance author. Wyatt produced work for roleplaying games such as West End's "Hercules and Xena", although he felt that "D&D has always been my one true love in the gaming world... despite junior high flings with other game systems." He continued to have material published in "Dragon" and "Dungeon".
In 1998 he moved to Berkeley, California, and in 2000 to the Seattle/Tacoma area of Washington state. Wizards of the Coast ultimately hired him in January 2000 to work on the "D&D" game full-time; his first assignment was "Monstrous Compendium: Monsters of Faerûn", of which he wrote two-thirds. His other early works for Wizards of the Coast included "The Speaker in Dreams" (a core adventure on the original Adventure Path, following "The Sunless Citadel" and "The Forge of Fury"), "Defenders of the Faith", the monsters chapter in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting", and numerous articles in "Dragon" and "Dungeon". Wyatt wrote "Oriental Adventures" (2001), a setting book that Wizards had in process for over a year, and which offered new rules for Oriental realms, some of them specific to the world of Rokugan. He wrote "City of the Spider Queen" and co-authored numerous roleplaying game products, including "Magic of Incarnum", "", "Draconomicon, The Book of Dragons", and "Book of Exalted Deeds". Eberron was introduced with the "Eberron Campaign Setting" (2004), produced by Keith Baker alongside Wyatt and Bill Slavicsek. Early in 2005, Slavicsek organized a team to work on some early designs for a fourth edition of "D&D", which was headed up by Rob Heinsoo and also contained Collins and Wyatt; Heinsoo, Collins, and Wyatt formed the core fourth-edition team. Wyatt was on the SCRAMJET team, led by Richard Baker, and including Matt Sernett, Ed Stark, Michele Carter, Stacy Longstreet, and Chris Perkins; this team updated the setting and cosmology of "D&D" as the fourth edition was being developed.
He wrote the "D&D" novels "In the Claws of the Tiger" (2006), "Storm Dragon" (2007), "Dragon Forge" (2008), "Dragon War" (2009), and "Oath of Vigilance" (2011).
In 2014, Wyatt left "Dungeons & Dragons" to work on the writing and creative aspects of "". Wyatt wrote the text for the series of "Art of Magic: The Gathering" coffee table books, which reprint illustrations from the cards with details for each plane's lore. He then wrote a series of free PDF releases called "Plane Shift" which adapts "Magic: The Gathering" for "Dungeons & Dragons"; the "Plane Shift" releases were created to allow players to use those coffee table books as campaign setting guides by providing the necessary rule adaptations. Between 2016 and 2018, six "Plane Shift" articles were released: Amonkhet, Dominaria, Innistrad, Ixalan, Kaladesh, and Zendikar, along with an Ixalan-set adventure. However, these articles are not considered official material for organized play. In 2017, Mike Mearls wrote: "It's basically a thing James does for fun, and we don't want to burden it with needing all the work required to make it official".
The positive response to the "Plane Shift" articles lead to the 2018 publication of "Guildmasters' Guide to Ravnica", a full hardcover setting guide to the "Magic" setting of Ravnica for "Dungeons & Dragons". Wyatt was the lead designer on "Guildmasters’ Guide to Ravnica" (2018) and he stated "this book is, essentially, Plane Shift: Ravnica". Wyatt and F. Wesley Schneider were then co-leads on the design on the next crossover book "Mythic Odysseys of Theros" (2020) which adapts the "Magic" setting of Theros. He is also one of the authors of the upcoming sourcebook "Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft" (2021).
Honors.
Wyatt received Origins Awards in 2003 for "City of the Spider Queen" and in 2005 for the "Eberron Campaign Setting", which he co-authored with Bill Slavicsek and Keith Baker. His other notable works include "Oriental Adventures" (for which he won an ENnie Award in 2002), "Draconomicon", the Draconic Prophecies series, and "Magic of Incarnum".


Peter Menne

Peter Menne (born 1960 in Unna, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German production designer, stage designer, painter and musician.
Career.
Menne studied Fine Arts and Stage Design at the National Academy of Fine Arts in Düsseldorf under Tony Cragg and Luise Kimme. He subsequently travelled and worked in many areas of the world, and had art exhibitions in Germany, Netherlands, Austria, and Australia.
His illustrations were published in "Tempo" and "Playboy" magazine.
He began working in stage design and graphic arts at Hoffmanns Comic Teater in 1976, on a production of "Unna". He has since worked on stage design for more than 45 theatre, musical and opera productions around Germany.


Black Market International

Black Market International (BMI) is a performance artist collective with international members, each with an established and independent practice as a solo performer. Since 1985 the group has presented durational collective performances worldwide.
The movement was founded under the name "Market project" in 1985 in Poznan (Poland) with founders Boris Nieslony, Zygmunt Piotrowski, Tomas Ruller and Jürgen Fritz. In 1986 for the first European tour the name "Black Market" was taken. In 1990/91 the group appeared as "Black Market International", with personal changes .
There have been a variety of different versions of what BMI is about, as the group always avoided the definition of an organised group. The title Black Market does not designate a group, but rather an idea of working. The aim is to promote - like in a black market - open and free exchange of ideas, and to achieve an "Art of Encounter", or mixed englisch-german “Art of Begegnung”.
Members.
Until 2014, the group had twelve regular members:
Past Black Market International members were:
Several international guest artists have been invited to collaborate in BMI performances throughout the years.


New British Sculpture

New British Sculpture is the name given to the work of a group of artists, sculptors and installation artists who began to exhibit together in London, England, in the early 1980s, including Tony Cragg, Richard Deacon, Shirazeh Houshiary, and Richard Wentworth.
Tim Woods has characterized the movement by identifying four major themes, "(a) a synthesis of pop and kitsch, (b) a bricolage (assemblage) of the decaying UK urban environment and the waste of consumer society, (c) an exploration of the way in which objects are assigned meanings, and (d) a play of colour, wit and humour." An early champion was art dealer Nicholas Logsdail who exhibited many of the artists at his Lisson Gallery.


Stan Jolley

Stanford Jolley Jr. (May 17, 1926 – June 4, 2012), known as Stan Jolley, was an American art director and production designer, originally employed by Walt Disney Studios before he struck out on his own. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the 1985 film "Witness".
In 1958, his father, I. Stanford Jolley, appeared on ABC's "Walt Disney Presents" in the role of Sheriff Adams in the episode "Law and Order, Incorporated", with Robert Loggia as Elfego Baca. Stan, then 32 years old, was the art director of the segment.
Death.
Stan Jolley died of gastric cancer in 2012, aged 86.


Eric J. Gibson

Eric J. Gibson is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.
Career.
Eric J. Gibson's Purgatory Publishing became the new owner of the West End Games, and the deal was announced by previous owner Humanoids Publishing on November 14, 2003. Gibson's purchase of West End involved the "Masterbook", D6 System and derivative D6 Legend rules systems, plus the "Bloodshadows", "Shatterzone" and "Torg" settings, and the West End trademark itself. Gibson's contribution to West End included turning d6 classic into a more generic system. Gibson intended to publish "Torg" in a new edition and revitalize the line, but he ended up producing only two PDFs for the "Torg" line.
When West End was having difficulty financing their publications, Gibson turned to Bill Coffin to publish his "Septimus" role-playing game, but even with preorders was unable to raise the money to print the book; in 2008, Gibson announced that he was cancelling "Septimus", that he could not refund preorders, that he could not afford to ship books to people who wanted to take product instead of a refund, that none of his D6 lines had ever made money, that he had lost hundreds of thousands of dollars, and that he was would be dissolving West End Games. Gibson claimed that he had decided not to sell off his properties, and did end up refunding Septimus preorders a year later - he also eventually released "Bill Coffin's Septimus" (2009) as a PDF, West End Games' last product. Gibson released his core genre books under the OGL, so that the D6 system could be used by other publishers. Gibson sold off West End's remaining properties: "Torg" went to German publisher Ulisses Spiele, and the "Masterbook" system and the "Bloodshadows" and "Shatterzone" settings both went to small US publisher Precis Intermedia.
In April 2016, he sold the rest of West End Games and the D6 System to Nocturnal Media.


Robert Award for Best Production Design

The Robert Award for Best Production Design () is one of the merit awards presented by the Danish Film Academy at the annual Robert Awards ceremony. The award has been handed out since 1984, except in 1991.


Chubby Parker

Frederick R. "Chubby" Parker (1876–1940) was an American old-time and folk musician and early radio entertainer.
Background.
Parker was born in Lafayette, Indiana in 1876. His grandparents were from Kentucky, and his father was the deputy treasurer of Tippecanoe County, Indiana. Parker graduated from Purdue University in 1898 with a degree in electrical engineering. He worked for a circus, and then moved to Chicago where he worked as a patent attorney, inventor, and electrician.
Music career.
In 1925 Parker began appearing frequently on the National Barn Dance program of Chicago radio station WLS. Parker played the banjo and sang old-time and minstrel songs in his high-pitched, clear voice. The far reach of WLS made Parker a household name throughout the Midwest. During a single week in February 1927, he received 2,852 pieces of fan mail, which was believed to be a world record.
As his radio popularity grew, Parker began recording music. Between 1927 and 1931, he produced over 50 records, including many re-recordings. Sears owned WLS and many of Parker's recordings
were on Sears record labels: Conqueror Records, Silvertone Records, and Supertone Records. Sears also promoted Parker's records in its mail-order catalogs.
Parker's repertoire included versions of well-known folk songs such as "Oh! Susanna", "Little Brown Jug", and "Darling Nelly Gray" as well as Henry Clay Work compositions. Other successful songs that he played on the radio and recorded included "Nickety, Nackety, Now, Now, Now", "I'm a Stern Old Bachelor", and "Get Away, Old Maids Get Away".
Later life and legacy.
After 1931, Parker apparently left radio and stopped recording, although he did return for the WLS twelfth anniversary celebration in 1936. Parker continued doing business in Chicago, and died in 1940.
In 1952, Harry Everett Smith released his influential "Anthology of American Folk Music", and included Parker's song "King Kong Kitchie Kitchie Ki-Me-O", a version of the traditional English folk song "Frog Went A-Courting". By 2008, the British Archive of Country Music (BACM) assembled an album of Parker's music titled "Chubby Parker & His Old Time Banjo: Classic Recordings 1927–1931". Mickey Avalon's 2009 song "What Do You Say?" from "The Hangover" also featured a sample of his song "King Kong Kitchie Kitchie Ki-Me-O."