Viewpark

Viewpark is an area in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Situated immediately north-east of Uddingston (but on the other side of the M74 motorway), Viewpark is west of Bellshill. It has an estimated population of 13,916 in 2016, a figure which also includes the smaller adjoining neighbourhoods of Birkenshaw, Bellziehill, Calderbraes, Fallside and Tannochside under the Thorniewood ward of the local council.
History.
Viewpark takes its name from a rural estate of that name, located just off New Edinburgh Road (today part of the A721, which dates from the early 19th century and is thus 'new' only by comparison to Old Edinburgh Road which runs parallel further north), near to which was the Viewpark Colliery, one of several mines dug in the area between Uddingston, Bellshill and the North Calder Water including Rosehall, Tannochside and Bredisholm, each of which had several pits. The workers were housed in scattered hamlets of miners' row cottages at Aitkenhead/Nackerty, Thorniewood, Tannochside, Muirpark and Cockhill, while other mansions in the area included Thornwood House (the site of which was north of Lynnhurst), St Enoch's Hall (near Banyan Crescent today) and Fallside House (today at Quarrybrae Gardens), the latter of which had a railway station on the Clydesdale Junction Railway from the 1870s to the 1950s (this line and the Caledonian main line, a short distance to the north, are both still in use to day, although there is no local station). A section of Roman road was found in the grounds of Fallside House in 1952. Other local industries included a brickworks and an oilworks.
Viewpark House mansion had a varied history: built in the 1830s to a design by noted architect John Baird, from the 1850s to the 1900s it was the home of the Addie family who controlled the local mines, who extended the estate to the limits of what would become the housing development, it then became a women's refuge, housed Belgian refugees of World War I and afterwards was divided into small individual apartments. The house, like others in the area, was demolished in the 1950s, but its grounds - Viewpark Gardens - are still present and used by the community as a park, allotments area and walled flower garden including a greenhouse, popular for wedding photography due to its backdrop of flora and original brickwork features. The gardens contained a group of life-sized sculptures, of which only two remain: Hercules and Athena. They were inspired by Aesop's fables and may be the work of Robert Forrest, whose sculpture was collected by another wealthy Lanarkshire coal merchant, Sir James Watson, for his estate at Earnock.
The post-World War II development was originally built to house miners and was erected quickly. Construction work on "The Scheme" began in the late late 1940s with houses built in the area of Rowantree Avenue occupied around 1950, supplementing housing built adjacent and parallel to the "Top Road" (Old Edinburgh Road) where the local police station (the siren for which continued to sound practice air raid warnings into the 1960s) could be found, alongside the local football ground and opposite The Royal Oak Bar. Dominic's Shop (now long closed) alongside "The Lane" allowed quick access to the adjoining community and the local swing park on Douglas Street - named for the association with the Douglas Support estate the houses were built upon.
By 1956 the main thoroughfare in northern Viewpark, Laburnum Road, often referred to as "The Burma Road" in reference to its length, was well underway in its construction - most homes built off it were occupied by the early 1960s. Also in 1956, the local council set up what has now become Burnhead Bowling Club, along with an adjacent tennis court. A new church, Burnhead Parish Churchwas built at the eastern end of Laburnum Road opposite its junction with Burnhead Street. The other church in the area situated on Old Edinburgh Road is named Viewpark Parish Church (formed in 1933 from a union between the small Thornwood, Aitkenhead and Bothwellpark miners' churches) but would usually be considered to be in Tannochside rather than Viewpark.
A shopping complex was added in the centre of the new housing, aptly located in Market Place just off Burnhead Street, opposite the old rose gardens (now long gone, replaced by the Burnhead Community Centre, Viewpark Library, "Liber8" sports complex and Viewpark Health Centre). Immediately behind this cluster of amenities is the "Gala Day Park" (Viewpark is one of the few villages in North Lanarkshire still to hold a Gala day each summer) where the local Miners Welfare club would organise their annual MayDay celebration where each child was presented with a box of Tunnock's cakes and fancies after competing in games and races.
The arrival of industries such as Ranco Motors and the Caterpillar Tractor Company (which opened its doors in 1957) created growth in the population, in combination with an influx of displaced families into the Viewpark area from the demolition of the miners' homes called "The Raws" in Tannochside, to release land for the erection of the Caterpillar factory. A similar fate befell the Miners' Rows at Cockhill, located due east of Laburnum Road; that land was utilised as a football field, along with an area of shops on the north side of Old Edinburgh Road. Kerr's Farm at Cockhill also disappeared and that land, which extended between Laburnum Road and the new A725 bypass road, was used to create "Righead Industrial Estate" which today separates Viewpark from Bellshill.
While the manufacturing industries moving to the area offset the decline of local mining, by 1973 Ranco had closed with the loss of over 400 jobs, and Caterpillar followed in 1987, with the abrupt announcement met with fury by the workforce (at that time 1,200, down from a peak of 2,700 in the 1960s) who staged a sit-in occupation at the factory lasting over 100 days, which ultimately did not save their jobs but at least secured improved redundancy terms. One of the strike leaders later became a prominent local councillor. 30 years later, the rebuilding of Tannochside Primary School, located next to where the factory had been, freed land for a small housing development which includes street names relating to Caterpillar and the protest. In addition to Righead Industrial Estate which contains several regional distribution centres for nationwide firms, there is still some local employment at the large "Tannochside Business Park" off Aitkenhead Road and at the Smurfit Kappa packaging factory, on Old Edinburgh Road in Tannochside. This commercial interest in the area is largely connected to the proximity of the M74 and M8 motorways connecting to the rest of Scotland easily, and this is also a significant factor in the growth of the local population in the early-21st century, following a period of economic struggles in the wake of the closure of Caterpillar and the likes of Ravenscraig steelworks. The former industrial sites have been built upon with new houses (mostly in Tannochside, while the built fabric of housing in Viewpark itself has remained largely the same apart from cosmetic improvements), with many of the residents commuting to Glasgow and elsewhere by car.
Viewpark Glen/Douglas Support Estate.
Located to the north of the older housing within Viewpark is an area of woodland known locally as the "Viewpark Glen" but officially the "Douglas Support Estate" which historically extended across Uddingston, Bothwell, Hamilton, Coatbridge and Motherwell. Within the Glen lie the overgrown grounds of the grand Rosehall House (demolished 1939), Roman ruins such as a bridge over the North Calder Water, as well as tombs dating back centuries further.
In 2019, in view of its cultural and environmental importance, the local conservation group successfully applied for a £400,000 grant to purchase the undeveloped parts of the estate to preserve and enhance it for community recreational purposes (some land to the north had been lost a few years earlier as part of the M8 motorway upgrade programme, while the construction of "Strathclyde Business Park" to the east had also encroached on the land and locals were aware of plans by the landowners to sell off the remainder to developers.
Education.
St Columba's Primary School was on Old Edinburgh Road. The original wooden structure was demolished after fire damage in the early 1960s. The replacement school building has since been knocked down and replaced by private housing.
St Catherine's Junior Secondary was built at the corner of Laburnum Road and New Edinburgh Road. It opened in the late 1960s after campaigning by local activists whose children had previously had to travel to Uddingston or Motherwell for secondary education.
St John Paul II Primary school, which sits on the corner of Laburnum Road and Old Edinburgh Road, was created as a result of the amalgamation of St Columba's and St Gabriel's primary schools in May 2006.
Tannochside Primary School and Nursery Class was opened on 23 August 2006 as the amalgamation of the old Tannochside Primary and Burnhead Primary and is situated on Douglas Street, at the end of Burnhead Street.
Fallside Secondary School is a small facility (housed in a building dating from 1911) for pupils with special educational and behavioural needs.
Sport.
Thorniewood United, a Scottish Junior Football Association club playing in the West Region, is based in the area at Robertson Park just off Old Edinburgh Road. Other local amateur football clubs include Viewpark United, playing in the "Airdrie & Coatbridge Sunday AFL Premier Division", and Calderbraes FC.
Viewpark Boxing Club was founded in 2004, run by the Murphy family, locally-successful fighters (including Lawrence Murphy, a former WBU Middleweight Champion). The club is based at Burnhead Community Centre and other local facilities in the area.


Tyrone Mine


Orlovskoye mine

The Orlovskoye mine is a large mine located in the southern part of Russia in Zabaykalsky Krai. Orlovskoye represents one of the largest tantalum reserves in Russia having estimated reserves of 200 million tonnes of ore grading 0.015% tantalum.


Thomas F. Cole

Thomas Frederick Cole (1862–1939) was a mining executive active in Michigan, Minnesota, and Arizona. He was President of the Oliver Iron Mining Company from 1901 to 1909. His namesake boat the SS Thomas F. Cole was built by United States Steel's Pittsburgh Steamship Company in 1907.
Early life.
Cole was born in Keweenaw County, Michigan to Cornish parents on July 19, 1862. At the age of six, his miner father died in a mine explosion. Two years later he got his first job sorting copper rocks at 50 cents per day. His first management job at 27 where he oversaw several Michigan mines earning him the title "Boy Superintendent."
Iron.
Working his way up in the iron mining industry, Cole came to the Oliver Iron Mining Company as a general superintendent. In 1901 the Oliver was sold to J. P. Morgan and became a subsidiary of U.S. Steel. Under new ownership, Cole was promoted to Vice-President and then President within a year. At that point, he had about 20,000 men working under him. Under his direction, he moved the company's headquarters from Pittsburgh to his resident city of Duluth, Minnesota. The western Mesabi range was developed largely by Cole's ability to convince the directors of the company to open mines of lower grade ore. the $10,000,000 investment was the largest the Oliver would see in those years. The USS's new model city of Coleraine was named after him. He left his post in 1909 to focus on his copper investments in Arizona.
Copper.
Cole and his investors created the Calumet and Arizona Copper Company in 1901. Their first mine, the Irish Mag in Bisbee, Arizona, was the richest strike in the region at the time. C&A also built a 500-ton smelter for copper development in the Bisbee area. In 1906 he was named president of the Butte Coalition Mining Company. Later that year he and two others from Duluth formed the Greene-Cananea Copper Company with capital stock valued at $60,000,000.
Death.
Cole continued to live in Duluth until he left for New York in 1916. Retiring in 1926 he moved to California. In 1939 he committed suicide by shooting himself in his garden at his Pasadena estate. He died at the age of 77.


Pyotr Zykov

Pyotr Maximovich Zykov (; 14 January 1890 – 22 September 1960) was a Red Army major general.
Zykov left his native village to work as a gold miner and was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army in 1911, becoming a non-commissioned officer. Serving with a reserve unit during World War I, he participated in the October Revolution in Ashgabat and joined the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. He fought in North Russia and was decorated for his actions, ending the war as an assistant regimental commander. Holding command positions in reserve units from the late 1920s, Zykov rose to division command in the late 1930s. He commanded the 121st Rifle Division from the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, leading it in the Battles of Białystok–Minsk, Smolensk, Moscow, and Voronezh. After a stint as 60th Army deputy commander in late 1942, Zykov commanded the 18th Rifle Corps in the Soviet advance into Ukraine after the Battle of Stalingrad in early 1943, before returning to his old position as 60th Army deputy commander. He held this position until late 1944, when he was transferred to a noncombat post as military district deputy commander due to health issues. Zykov retired shortly after the end of the war.
Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War.
Zykov was born to a peasant family on 14 January 1890 in the village of Gostevo, Vyatka Governorate. From 1909 he worked as a miner at the Andreyevsky camp of the Lena Gold Mines in Bodaybo. In December 1911 he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and sent to the 17th Siberian Rifle Regiment of the 5th Siberian Rifle Division in Berezovka, serving as a "ryadovoy" in its 12th company. In 1913 he graduated from the regimental training detachment, remaining with the detachment as a platoon "unter-ofitser". Upon the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and the dissolution of the regimental training detachment, Zykov was appointed a "feldfebel" in the 7th company of the 5th Siberian Reserve Rifle Battalion, formed in Berezovka. In 1916 the battalion was expanded into a regiment and relocated to Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) as part of the 7th Siberian Reserve Rifle Brigade. During the October Revolution in 1917, Zykov participated in the arrest of the officers of the Ashgabat garrison, and the disarmament of Cossack units. In early November 1917 he was sent to Tashkent to suppress a Junker revolt, before being demobilized in early 1918 with the rank of senior "unter-ofitser".
After returning to his home village, Zykov joined the Red Army at Kotelnich in May 1918 during the Russian Civil War and was sent to the 82nd Rifle Regiment of the 10th Rifle Division. As an assistant company commander and company commander, he fought with the regiment on the Northern and Northwestern Fronts in the Pskov and Gdov districts. He was shell-shocked in February 1919, wounded in the arm in June near the village of Tuloksa, and wounded in the foot near Dno in October. After the regiment was transferred to the 18th Rifle Division in November 1919, Zykov served as a battalion commander, assistant regimental commander, and deputy regimental commander in fighting against British and Finnish troops in the Olonets district. For distinguishing himself during 1919, Zykov subsequently received the Order of the Red Banner twice, in 1919 and 1924.
Interwar period.
After the end of the war, Zykov returned to his home area and from June 1921 served as a pre-conscription training instructor at the Kotelnichsky Uyezd military commissariat, and in January 1924 became assistant "uyezd" military commissar. He commanded the 5th Separate Reserve Battalion of the 2nd Vyatka Territorial Reserve Rifle Regiment from October 1927, then the 9th Reserve Regiment from November 1929. Zykov simultaneously graduated from the Vystrel course in 1930 and in April 1933 became commander of the 4th Separate Experimental Rifle Regiment. After taking command of the 142nd Rifle Regiment of the 48th Rifle Division of the Moscow Military District in June 1934, Zykov rose rapidly from the late 1930s, becoming assistant commander of the 33rd Rifle Division in March 1937, commander of the 48th Rifle Division in June of the same year, assistant commander of the 47th Rifle Corps of the Belorussian Special Military District in August 1939, and commander of the 121st Rifle Division of the 47th Corps on 7 July 1940. Zykov was promoted to "kombrig" on 4 November 1939 and was made a major general when the Red Army reintroduced generals' ranks on 4 June 1940.
World War II.
The day after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941, Zykov led the 121st Rifle Division as it took defensive positions on the eastern bank of the Shchara River in the Slonim area as part of the 13th Army. From 24 June it fought in heavy defensive battles, retreating to Baranovichi, Slutsk, Osipovichi, the village of Boyarshchina, and Starye Dorogi. The division was encircled in late June but broke out on 7 July and was withdrawn to Novozybkov for replenishment. The 121st soon returned to the front and fought in the Battle of Smolensk, then fought in defensive battles on the Sozh, Sudost, and Desna, and from 30 September in the Battle of Bryansk following the commencement of Operation Typhoon, the German attack that began the Battle of Moscow. During this period, the 121st was encircled for the second time in the Kinelsky forest, but broke out in the area of Pesochnaya and Lgov. The division went on to fight in the defense of Tim and the Yelets Offensive, and was withdrawn to the Southwestern Front reserve in the Yelets area on 15 December.
After being receiving reinforcement, the 121st joined the 40th Army in February 1942 and defended positions near Tim from Novo-Aleksandrovskoye to Polevoye. For his actions, Zykov was awarded a third Order of the Red Banner on 27 March 1942. The division was transferred to the 60th Army on 28 June and fought in attacks in the Battle of Voronezh and by 4 July reached the area of Zemlyansk, but was forced to retreat to the line of Medvezhye and Chistaya Polyana, covering the crossings of the Don. In October, Zykov became deputy commander of the 60th Army and in December took command of the army's 18th Rifle Corps. He led the corps in the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive and the Voronezh–Kastornoye operation, during which it participated in the recapture of Rossosh and Voronezh. Assessed as a "strong-willed, enterprising commander who understands modern combat and has extensive rifle unit command experience," Zykov received the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class, for his "skillful command" of the corps, on 8 February 1943. In early February, the corps headquarters was used to form that of the 69th Army, of which he briefly served as deputy commander.
Resuming his previous post as deputy commander of the 60th Army later in February, Zykov participated in the Battle of Kursk, the recapture of Left-bank Ukraine, the Battle of Kiev, the Zhitomir–Berdichev Offensive, the Rovno–Lutsk Offensive, the Proskurov–Chernovitsy Offensive, and the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive. For his actions, he was awarded the Order of Lenin on 10 January 1944 and the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd class, on 23 September 1944. Due to frequent illness and poor health, Zykov was placed at the disposal of the Main Personnel Directorate in October 1944 and a month later became the deputy commander of the troops of the Lvov Military District, a noncombat post. Despite his illnesses as deputy commander of the 60th Army, his superiors considered him to have been "always where the situation required him to be, inspiring fighters and commanders to fulfill assigned tasked by example."
Postwar.
After the end of the war, Zykov continued to serve as district deputy commander, and on 20 July 1946 was transferred to the reserve. He lived in Lvov, working as chief of the military department of the Lvov State Pedogogical and Lvov Agricultural Institutes before his death on 22 September 1960.
Awards and honors.
Zykov was a recipient of the following awards and decorations:
He was elected a deputy of first convocation of the rubber-stamp Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR from the Toropets electoral district in 1938. Despite this, Zykov did not become a Communist Party member until 1942.


Bakr-Tay mine

The Bakr-Tay mine is a large copper mine located in the south-west of Russia in Bashkortostan. Bakr-Tay represents one of the largest copper reserve in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 114 million tonnes of ore grading 1.81% copper.


Henry Harnischfeger

Henry Harnischfeger (July 10, 1855 – November 15, 1930) was a pioneer in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, mining industry.
Early life and career.
Harnischfeger was born in Salmünster, Kreis Schlüchtern, Hesse-Nassau, on July 10, 1855. He left his homeland in 1872 and came to the United States. He arrived in the U.S. on April 9th, and was employed by Singer Sewing Machine Company, which is now known as the Singer Corporation. He worked there for 9 years, and then came to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He then worked for the White Hill Sewing Machine Company where he managed castings patternmaking and gear machining operations within the Whitehill factory with Alonzo Pawling. They formed a machine and pattern shop on December 1, 1884. to manufacture, assemble and service components and equipment needed by other, larger manufacturing firms in the region.
Pawling and Harnischfeger.
In 1883 Pawling opened up Milwaukee Tool and Pattern Shop with Mauritz Weiss. The partnership dissolved after one year, and Harnischfeger took over Weiss' interests. Their customers included industrial knitting machine manufacturers, brick makers, grain drying equipment manufacturers and beer brewers.
They Manufactured valves for Bruno V. Nordberg. Bruno left Allis and rented the loft space above Pawling and Harnischfeger.
Christopher W. LeValley also came to the shop for custom work. He went on to found the Chain Belt Company
Frederick Pabst, who at that the time owned Best Brewing Company with Emil Schandein, gave them brewery equipment orders.
In 1887, Pawling and Harnischfeger helped rebuild and upgrade an overhead bridge crane within the foundry operations of the Edward P. Allis Manufacturing Company, owned by Edward P. Allis, that collapsed following an attempt to move a load beyond its rated lifting capacity. The rebuilt crane featured a simplified system of motors and gearboxes to drive the bridge, trolley and hoist functions on the lifting machine, replacing a complex system of ropes and pulleys that failed on the earlier version. Soon after, Pawling and Harnischfeger began building their own line of overhead cranes for manufacturing and warehouse operations.
The Panic of 1893 caused demand to fall for the cranes designed and built by Pawling and Harnischfeger who by that time were being referred to as “P&H”. The partners expanded their product line to include earthmoving machines in order to increase the ability of their business to withstand the next economic downturn. In 1893 P&H acquired the motors and controls manufacturing assets of the Gibb Electric Company following the acquisition of Gibb by Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company, as Pawling and Harnischfeger wanted control over the application of motors applied to their crane line.
Harnischfeger Corporation.
The Pawling & Harnischfeger business had become known as Harnischfeger Corporation following the death of Alonzo Pawling in 1911. By the mid-1920s, the firm had become a large and growing supplier of crawler-mounted shovels and cranes applied to construction and mining operations – all bearing the familiar “P&H” trademark that had become synonymous with exceptional quality and service value established by Pawling & Harnischfeger. Over the ensuing decades, P&H-trademark shovels and cranes would grow in size, capacity and drives and controls technology. The firm expanded its product line with the onset of the Great Depression, adding welding machinery, diesel engines and prefabricated homes to its P&H line of shovels and cranes.
Death.
Henry died unexpectedly from heart failure November 15, 1930 at 75 years old. The active management of Harnischfeger Company then went to his son, Walter Harnischfeger.
The Harnischfeger Mansion, which was built in 1905, is still standing at North 35th St. and West Wisconsin Avenue in Milwaukee.


Kelly Mine, Devon

Kelly Mine is a disused metalliferous mine situated on the eastern flank of Dartmoor near the village of Lustleigh in Devon, England. It was intermittently operational from the 1790s until 1951. It is one of some ten mines and two or three trials within the triangle formed by the towns of Bovey Tracey and Moretonhampstead and the village of Hennock, which worked deposits of micaceous haematite, known as "shiny ore". Since 1984 the mine has been the subject of a volunteer restoration project.
Activity.
A mining lease dated to the 1790s forms the first record of mining on this site, and some work may have continued until the early 1870s. The mine reopened in 1879 and from then until 1891 it produced 324 tons of haematite—a relatively small amount. From 1892 the mine was closed until 1900 when it restarted under the Scottish Silvoid Company who ran it until 1917 when it was taken over by Ferrubron, who were also running the nearby Great Rock Mine. Ferrubron ran the mine until mining ceased on the site in 1946. For a year or two from 1950 the company working Pepperdon Mine opened a level to extract ore near to Kelly Mine, and the washing plant at Kelly was used for the initial treatment of this ore.
The mine never employed a large number of people; in the fifty years to 1938 it had an average of six workers, and rarely more than ten.
Preservation and restoration.
Kelly Mine, although a relatively small mine, is of significance today as an industrial heritage site. When the mine finally closed in 1951, the company then running the operation was in debt to the land owner for rent and for royalties on the ore extracted. In lieu of payment the company left the machinery on the site, where it remained substantially untouched for over thirty years.
In 1984 the owner agreed to lease the site to a group of mining enthusiasts, now known as the Kelly Mine Preservation Society (KMPS). The society is restoring and preserving the mine for future generations and has refurbished the mine and restored the machinery and processing plant to working order.

Micaceous haematite.
Micaceous haematite, known as "shiny ore", is a flaky form of iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3. The ore has no value for the production of iron, but among other uses it was found to make very effective corrosion-resistant paint. Fuelled by the increased demand for protection of the new steel structures of the industrial age, some Devon micaceous haematite mines survived well into the twentieth century. The paint is still widely produced from ore mined in other countries.


Charles P. Eagan

Brigadier General Charles Patrick Eagan (January 16, 1841 – February 1, 1919) was a career United States Army officer who gained notoriety as a Commissary General who testified during the "embalmed beef" scandal of the Spanish–American War. Eagan was born in Ireland and emigrated to the United States sometime prior to 1862.
Military career.
Eagan was commissioned as a 1st lieutenant in the 1st Washington Territory Infantry Regiment on June 21, 1862 during the American Civil War. He was honorably mustered out of volunteer service on April 1, 1865. After the war, he joined the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military society of officers who had served the Union during the Civil War.
Eagan was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the 9th Infantry Regiment of the Regular Army on August 30, 1866. He was promoted to 1st lieutenant on January 2, 1869. He was re-assigned to the 12th Infantry on June 14, 1869 and promoted to captain and assigned as a commissary of subsistence on June 23, 1874. (Commissaries of subsistence were responsible for providing food supplies to units of the Army.) He received a retroactive brevet (honorary promotion) to the rank of captain on February 27, 1890 for "gallant service in action against hostile Indians in the Lava Beds, California on April 17, 1873". Eagan was promoted to major on March 12, 1892 and promoted to lieutenant colonel and assistant commissary general of subsistence on January 26, 1897. He was promoted to colonel on March 11, 1898 and to Commissary General with the rank of brigadier general on May 3, 1898, following the outbreak of the Spanish–American War.
Embalmed Beef Scandal.
One of the challenges facing Eagan was supplying food to soldiers serving in Cuba and other remote locations. Eagan's solution was to ship both refrigerated and canned beef to the soldiers. Unfortunately, the suppliers of the beef (which were the major Chicago based meat packing companies) provided beef of inferior quality treated with preservatives, compounded by the fact that the canning process had yet to be perfected, so that the vast majority of the beef supplied overseas was inedible when it was received. Soldiers who ate the beef were afflicted with diarrhea and dysentery. This was widely reported in the press, created great embarrassment for the Army and resulted in a Congressional investigation.
In testimony before Congress in December 1898, the refrigerated beef was derisively referred to as "embalmed beef" (due to its odor) by the then Commanding General of the Army, Major General Nelson A. Miles. General Miles also testified that the canned beef was supplied to the Army under the "pretense of an experiment". General Eagan took this statement as a personal insult and openly denounced Miles as a liar when called to testify on January 12, 1899.
General Eagan was quoted in "The New York Times" as saying, in reference to Miles, "he lies in his throat, he lies in his heart, he lies with every hair on his head and every pore on his body, he lies willfully, deliberately, intentionally, and maliciously." Eagan also said of Miles, "he should be denounced by every honest man, barred from the clubs, barred from the society of decent people, and so ostracized that the street bootblack would not condescend to speak to him".
As a result of Eagan's aspersions towards Miles, who had a long and distinguished military career as well as being a recipient of the Medal of Honor, he was quickly court-martialed for "conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman" and was suspended from duty until he retired on December 6, 1900.
As a direct result of General Eagan's remarks concerning General Miles, he was denied admission into the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of Foreign Wars. He was also expelled from membership in the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
Later life.
After his retirement from the Army, Eagan pursued real estate and mining interests in Mexico. After a protracted struggle with other speculators, in May 1902, Eagan won a case in the Mexican Federal Court which granted him ownership of 2,500,000 acres in western Mexico.
General Eagan died of heart disease in the Bronx, New York, on February 1, 1919 at the age of 78.


Thomas W. Howie

Thomas Wyllie Howie, JP (8 April 1856 – 18 July 1927) was a Scottish captain of industry.
Background.
Howie was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire, on 8 April 1856 to Robert and Bethia (Wyllie) Howie, into a wealthy industrial family who had been active in the Covenanting movement. He was born at the family home, Newhouse, an estate house nearby the fireclay mine which the family owned. There he was brought up alongside his cousin, who would become the mining magnate John Howie. The house is now a residential care home. Howie's father, Robert, died at the Crichton Institution in Dumfries, a private lunatic hospital, when Thomas was 27.
Career.
He and his wife settled in Falkirk where he became a partner in Campbell & Co Fireclay Works and coal mine, Roughcastle. He later became owner of the business. Previous to settling in Falkirk the Howie family lived in Hurlford, where they owned the renowned Hurlford Fireclay Works (until it was bought by Armitage Shanks), which produced pottery, bricks, chimneys, garden ornaments and enamelled sanitary ware (lavatories, baths, urinals etc.) The family owned much of the town, including Marchmont Place, Salisbury Place, Collier Row, Office Row, Chapel Cottages, Skerrington Row and Howie's Square. They also owned small mining villages, including Hemphill.
A supporter of the Unionist Party, Thomas Howie was a Justice of the Peace and elected a Stirling County Councillor for Falkirk, Vice-Chairman of the Parish Council, as well as Chairman of the Landward Committee.
Family.
Howie married Barbara Picken, sister of the Town Clerk of Glasgow, and had six children: Margaret, Robert Wyllie, Bethia, Martha, Barbara and Jean. His sons attended the High School of Glasgow and his daughters St. George's School for Girls, Edinburgh.
Death and legacy.
At a Water Board outing he was taken ill and never recovered, dying in 1927. The local newspaper at the time remembered him as a 'bright and cheery man', and notes that he 'took a deep interest in parochial affairs and was particularly sympathetic towards the deserving poor'. Thomas Howie is buried in Falkirk Cemetery. On his death, his share of the brickworks business was valued at £12,000, which is equivalent to over £2,300,000 in today's terms (relative GDP per capita).
Street named after him.
A street, "Howie Place", in Falkirk, is named after him. It is nearby the site of the brickworks he once owned.


Carr, Tagore and Company

Carr, Tagore and Company (also written as Carr, Tagore & Co.) was the first equal partnership between European and Indian businessmen and the initiator of the managing agency system in India. The company was launched in 1834 by Dwarakanath Tagore in partnership with William Carr, an indigo trader of Kolkata (then known as Calcutta). Dwarakanath played a leading role in the company, providing its capital, selecting its partners and directing its investment strategy throughout his life.
Backdrop.
The period starting from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century was one of great change. The Industrial Revolution was having a great impact on power equations across the world. The British were reworking their strategy in India. The Charter Act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in India’s overseas trade, except for some items. It opened a flood gate of opportunities for many people. In such an environment Carr, Tagore and Company was a kind of modern day holding company, which promoted many of Dwarakanath’s pioneering efforts. Soon after its formation, the company became a market leader in indigo trade. Trading in opium, then the currency of world trade, was in the hands of the Europeans and only non-Europeans allowed to handle the contraband material were Parsis. Dwarakanath managed to get an entry into the trade as something like a middle level sub-agent. In capital starved India, the inflow of cash from it gave Dwarkanath an opportunity to toy with a new idea. Carr, Tagore and Company entered the fledgling coal business.
Coal.
In 1770, Suetonius Grant Heatly and John Sumner teamed up to get permission of the East India Company to mine coal. The permission was not granted and they tried again in 1774 and succeeded in getting permission. Miners were brought in from England but they fell sick and died. The problem could be solved by engaging local miners but transportation proved a bottleneck. The Damodar had enough water only few months of the year for transporting coal and so the coal mined had to be stacked for a long time. That degraded its quality. A test carried out in 1778, showed that Indian coal was only half as effective as imported British coal. That sealed the efforts of Heatly and Sumner.
The coal front was quiet for some time, but as the demand for coal picked up in Kolkata, in 1814 the economics of mining Indian coal made sense again. The East India Company sponsored William Jones for mining coal in Bardhaman (then Burdwan). He took land on lease from the Rani of Bardhaman and named it Raniganj in her honour. Jones mined coal but incurred persistent losses. In 1821, Alexander & Company, which had secured the loans taken by Jones, took over and started mining. They performed better, raised production and even earned profits for some time, but the company failed in 1832. It was subsequently taken over by Carr, Tagore and Company.
In his biography, "Partner in Empire: Dwarakanath Tagore and the Age of Enterprise in Eastern India", Blair B. King says, “The purchase of Raniganj was the most important single transaction of Dwarakanth’s business transactions.” King opines that the firm had managerial and technical expertise, plenty of capital and vital ability to handle both the Kolkata officials and the local powers. In C.D.Taylor they had a very effective mine manager at site. There were two troublesome rivals: Jeremiah Homfray, who had a mine at Naraincoory, and the Erskine brothers, with a mine at Munglepore. Carr, Tagore and Company fought with them on many fronts and tried to establish themselves as the sole supplier of coal in the region. In 1843, Homfray’s mine was taken over by Carr, Tagore and Company to form Bengal Coal Company, whose first action was to close Homfray’s mine. The British authorities were not happy with the near-monopoly of Carr, Tagore and Company in the field of coal mining. They tried to break it but failed. Bengal’s industrial development started taking off, powered by Bengal Coal Company’s coal. After the formation of Bengal Coal Company, the coal industry started getting regularised, but Dwarakanath Tagore, the prime mover, started losing interest in it.
Railways.
Dwarakanath was fascinated by steam engines, which had fuelled the Industrial Revolution in Europe. He dreamt of revolutionising Indian industry with the steam engine. He imported steam engines from England for use in his business ventures. Having seen the earliest railways in Europe he was convinced about their utility in India.
With the objective of building a railway from Kolkata to Raniganj, that would carry all his coal to Kolkata, he registered the Great Western of Bengal Railway Company in 1845 and appointed Carr, Tagore and Company its agent. Dwarakanath tried his best to have a deal with the then newly formed East Indian Railway Company but never succeeded. East India Company flatly refused to allow him to build a railway because it felt that it was inappropriate to have railways ‘under the control of natives’. The first steam engine of the East Indian Railway Company chugged into Raniganj in 1855. Dwarakanath was dead and gone, but the railways did carry to Kolkata coal mined by the company he had founded. That really was a great chapter in the annals of Indian business marking the beginning of systematic coal mining in India.


Jim Redpath

James S. Redpath is a Canadian mining engineer, and former president of J.S. Redpath Limited a mining contractor and engineering company based in North Bay, Ontario. In 1975 he was awarded the Engineering Medal by the Professional Engineers Ontario. Redpath founded J.S. Redpath in 1962 in Val-d'Or, which has since evolved into an international company with billion-dollar revenue.


Copper Mine, Virgin Gorda

The Copper Mine on Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands, is a national park containing the ruins of an abandoned 19th-century copper mine.
Copper was discovered on Virgin Gorda. Local legends also suggest the shafts were dug by Spanish adventurers to mine silver in the late fifteenth century, but no documentary evidence can be found to support this theory, and no firm evidence of Spanish occupation of the islands prior to the Dutch settlement exists, much less the size of settlement which would be needed to sink shafts.
After the islands came under British control, the Copper Mine was constructed in 1837 and its first shaft was sunk in 1838. In two separate periods over the next 24 years, 36 Cornish miners extracted ore from this site with the aid of some 140 British Virgin Islands workmen. The ore which was extracted was sent by road to Spanish Town (the largest settlement and harbour on Virgin Gorda) along coppermine road (originally built by the miners), and then by ship to Wales and; on the return trip the ships would carry provisions, wood for construction, wages for the workers, and coal with which to power their steam engine.
The mine was abandoned in 1862 and was never reopened. Parts of the original stack, the engine house, and the main building are all that remain. Several of the Cornish miners started families with native women and there are descendants living in the Virgin Islands to this day.
No plans are known to exist of the workings, however, it was recorded that by 1869 they were at a depth of 40 fathoms (240 ft) and that the levels extended under the sea.
Beam engine.
The beam engine at the Virgin Gorda copper mine is the oldest surviving Cornish beam engine in the world. The engine and beam were manufactured by the Perran Foundry, Cornwall, in 1836 and brought to the site in 1840 having previously worked at a mine in Cornwall. The beam is now located on the beach in Handsome Bay, Virgin Gorda.
The engine was of typical Cornish construction with a cylinder of 40 inches. It was the workhorse of the mine, being used to pump water from the mine, raise the copper ore up the shafts and to power the ore-dressing machinery. A Cornish boiler produced steam to drive the engine. These boilers were the first to use high-pressure steam and were invented in 1815 by the Cornish engineer Richard Trevithick (who also invented the first steamroad locomotive).
Today.
The Copper Mine is a protected site and tourist attraction. However, it is in a perilous state, and sits in a position which is particularly exposed to hurricanes.
The Copper Mine Committee, in cooperation with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands, has undertaken to reconstruct the site using the footprint of the buildings and plans developed by archaeologists familiar with the work of these Cornish miners and their engineers. However, such plans have not been implemented.
Minerals.
Notwithstanding the abandoning of the mine, rich veins of copper are still visible on the point today, although not remotely in the quantities which would make modern commercial mining economic. Also, lying loosely around the site are various other rock specimens, including malachite, carbonate of copper; quartz containing copper-iron sulfide; and molybdenite. It has been suggested that a local cottage industry could have started making semiprecious jewellery.


Chanters Colliery

Chanters Colliery was a coal mine which was part of the Fletcher, Burrows and Company's collieries at Hindsford in
Atherton, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England.
Geology.
Chanters Colliery exploited the Middle Coal Measures which were laid down in the Carboniferous period and where coal is mined from more than a dozen coal seams. Chanters accessed 12 seams between the Crumbouke and Arley mines. The seams generally dip towards the south and west and are affected by small faults. The Upper Coal Measures are not worked in this part of the Manchester Coalfield.
History.
Chanters Colliery in Hindsford was sunk in 1854 by John Fletcher in an area where coal had been mined for centuries from small shallow pits. One of these pits, the "Gold Pit", so named from 17th-century coins and the plates they were stamped from found at the bottom of the shaft, was working before 1800. In 1854 John Musgrave & Sons supplied a twin cylinder horizontal winding engine, and in 1861 a single cylinder pumping engine. Steam was supplied by three Lancashire boilers and the boilerhouse had a 122 foot tall chimney.
The colliery was modernised and developed after 1891 when two shafts were sunk first to the Trencherbone mine at 1121 feet and deepened to the Arley mine at 1832 feet in 1896. These shafts accessed 12 coal seams. The boilers and winding engine were replaced in 1904.
Coal screens and a washery were built, and steel headgear and a new winding engine installed by 1904. The colliery was continually developed and modernised and lasted until 1966. In 1926 the wooden headgear of No. 2 pit was replaced by Naylors of Golborne.
The colliery's training gallery was used by recruits from most of Manchester Collieries pits and 132 Bevin boys were trained here in World War II.
References.
Notes
Footnotes
Bibliography


Berezovskoye mine

The Berezovskoye mine is a large iron mine located in southern Russia in the Zabaykalsky Krai. Evrazruda represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 750 million tonnes of ore grading 40% iron metal.


Mina Rosita Vieja disaster

The Mina Rosita Vieja disaster occurred on February 27, 1908, when a huge early-morning explosion rocked the Rosita Vieja Coal Mine near the town of San Juan de Sabinas, Coahuila.
The explosion led to the deaths of 200 miners in shaft No. 2. The blast just before six a.m. on the 27th, at the shift change, was thought to be caused by firedamp. Most of those killed were Japanese immigrant laborers.
This event remains the most deadly coal mine disaster in Mexican history, followed by the Mina de Barroterán coal mine disaster of 1969.


Cambuslang

Cambuslang (, from ) is a town on the south-eastern outskirts of Glasgow, Scotland. With approximately 30,000 residents, it is the 27th largest town in Scotland by population, although, never having had a town hall, it may also be considered the largest village in Scotland. It is within the local authority area of South Lanarkshire and directly borders the town of Rutherglen to the west. Historically, it was a large civil parish incorporating the nearby hamlets of Newton, Flemington, Westburn and Halfway.
Cambuslang is located just south of the River Clyde and about south-east of the centre of Glasgow. It has a long history of coal mining, from at least 1490, iron and steel making, and ancillary engineering works, most recently The Hoover Company (in the town from 1946 to 2005). The Clydebridge Steelworks and other smaller manufacturing businesses continue but most employment in the area comes from the distribution or service industries. The headquarters of the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is in Cambuslang.
History.
The local geography of Cambuslang explains a great deal of its history. It has been very prosperous over time, depending first upon its agricultural land, (supplying food, then wool, then linen), then the mineral resources under its soil (limestone and coal, and, to some extent, iron). These were jealously guarded by the medieval Church, and later by the local aristocracy, particularly the Duke of Hamilton (previously Barons of Cadzow and Earls of Arran).
Because of its relative prosperity, Cambuslang has been intimately concerned in the politics of the country (through the Hamilton connection) and of the local Church. Bishop John Cameron of Glasgow, and Cardinal Beaton, were both Rectors of Cambuslang. This importance continued following the Protestant Reformation. From then until the Glorious Revolution a stream of Ministers of Cambuslang came, were expelled, or were re-instated, according to whether supporters of the King, Covenanters, or Oliver Cromwell were in power. The religious movements of the 18th century, including the Cambuslang Wark, were directly linked to similar movements in North America. The Scottish Enlightenment was well represented in the person of Rev Dr James Meek, the Minister. His troubles with his parishioners foreshadowed the split in the Church of Scotland during the 19th century.
The manufacturing industries that grew up from the agricultural and mineral resources attracted immigrants from all over Scotland and Ireland and other European countries. Cambuslang benefited at all times from its closeness to the burgeoning city of Glasgow, brought closer in the 18th century by a turnpike road then, in the 19th century, by a railway. In the 21st century, it continues to derive benefit from its proximity to Glasgow and to wider communication networks, particularly via the M74 motorway system.
Its increasing (and increasingly diverse) population posed problems, over the centuries, of employment and housing as well as of schooling and health, not all of which have been solved. In this regard, it is fairly typical of most Scottish towns. In sport, Cambuslang F.C. were founder members of the Scottish Football League whose most notable achievement was being the runners-up in the 1887–88 Scottish Cup. They folded by the early 20th century, as did Scottish Junior Cup winners Cambuslang Hibernian, but a new team Cambuslang Rangers F.C. was established and continues to this day - they enjoyed great success in the 1970s.
Governance.
Westminster.
Cambuslang is in the Rutherglen and Hamilton West Constituency for elections to the House of Commons at Westminster.
Gerard Killen won the seat for the Scottish Labour and Co-operative Party in the June 2017 election, replacing Margaret Ferrier of the Scottish National Party who had won in 2015. In the 2019 election, Ferrier re-gained the seat.
Holyrood.
Cambuslang was originally in the Glasgow Rutherglen Constituency for the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood. In 2011 the boundaries were redrawn and the new constituency renamed simply "Rutherglen", despite its boundaries taking in not only Cambuslang but also Blantyre.
In the 2016 elections, Clare Haughey won the seat for the SNP with 15,222 votes, giving a majority of 11.4%, replacing James Kelly who had been elected both in 2007 and 2011. Kelly remained in the Parliament as a 'list member' elected on a regional proportional representation basis.
South Lanarkshire Council.
Administratively, the town centre is within the Cambuslang West ward of South Lanarkshire Council, which has a population of around 15,000. Taking another ward encompassing the eastern parts of the town into consideration, its overall population was approximately 30,000 in 2016. With neighbouring Rutherglen's figures being very similar, the many services and amenities shared between the towns should provide for 60,000 residents, many assessed as living in economic hardship.
Geography.
Cambuslang is located on a lengthy bend on the River Clyde, south-east of Glasgow. The town is accessible from the nearby M74; the nearby A724 links to Glasgow city centre and Hamilton; the town is also accessible by car from East Kilbride by the A725, A749 and then the B759. The town's railway station, Cambuslang, lies on the Argyle Line between central Glasgow and Lanark.
The Reverend Dr John Robertson, Minister of Cambuslang Kirk, described the Parish in the Second Statistical Account of Scotland 1845. "It is bounded by the Clyde on the north, which separates it from the Parish of Old Monkland; by the Calder on the east, which separates it from Blantyre; by part of Blantyre and Kilbryde, on the south; and by Carmunnock and Rutherglen on the west." The highest points in this low-lying Parish are Dechmont Hill (602 ft) and Turnlaw (or Turnlea) Hill (553 ft.) There are remains of an Iron Age fort on Dechmont.
Landmarks.
Cambuslang has an interesting range of churches, public buildings, schools, industrial and commercial buildings (see Buildings of Cambuslang). Its domestic buildings range from 19th-century mansions, villas and tenements to modern flats and detached houses, along with sheltered and nursing homes.
Sites.
Cambuslang Park spans encompassing the contrast of open parkland and the Borgie Glen, which is a steep tree-lined ravine, containing a complex network of pathways. The park also features a pond, sports pitches, war memorial (depicting a soldier in a kilt), woodland areas and the Bandstand, which is a natural amphitheatre, near where the famous Cambuslang Wark took place in the 18th century.
Education.
There is a range of schools in Cambuslang, and a history of further education colleges, although there are no longer any in the town.
Primary schools.
Primary schools ("2019-20 pupil roll in parentheses":
Secondary schools.
Some parts of Cambuslang are within the catchment area of Stonelaw High School, which is situated in Rutherglen, the adjoining town. Uddingston Grammar School, one train stop from Cambuslang on the Motherwell via Bellshill line, includes Newton Farm Primary in its catchment.
Colleges.
Cambuslang College of the Building Trades was a specialist college established in the mid-twentieth century but it gradually expanded to teach other trades and academic subjects. It became Cambuslang College of Further Education in the 1960s, and went on to open a campus in East Kilbride, as well as facilities in Hamilton and Wishaw. A substantial annexe remained in Cambuslang on Hamilton Road, by now located in the former Gateside School. Reflecting its wider geographical coverage, it became South Lanarkshire College in 2000. In 2008, the Cambuslang campus closed and all South Lanarkshire College facilities were moved to a new, custom-built campus in East Kilbride.
South Lanarkshire College has links with University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton Campus, a degree-awarding higher education institution, away in Hamilton, so that local students can progress through to degrees.
As well as hosting the headquarters of the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service, the Scottish national training centre for firefighters is based in Cambuslang (having previously been located in Gullane, East Lothian).
Early schools in Cambuslang.
There has been a Parish school in Cambuslang at least since the Reformation, and probably before that. The schoolteacher was appointed and paid by the heritors, though he also charged fees. Free primary education came with the Education Act for Scotland (1871).
The original Cambuslang Public School can be seen on Greenlees Road, where it is now Greenlees Care Home. It had been for some time the Cambuslang College of the Building Trades, which became part of Cambuslang College (now South Lanarkshire College ). An even earlier school is now a Gospel Hall in Bushiehill Street.
The Cambuslang Subscription School of 1848 provided basic education to the children of miners and weavers in return for a few coppers. It was attractive to those who did not like the influence of the gentry and the minister on the parish school.
Transport.
 There are three railway stations within the boundaries of Cambuslang - Cambuslang itself, on the Argyle Line section of the West Coast Main Line, Kirkhill on the Newton branch of the Cathcart Circle, and Newton, which is situated at a junction serving all of the aforementioned lines. Several bus routes pass through Cambuslang, with First Bus Glasgow currently operating most services between Lanarkshire and Glasgow. Several private hire taxi firms currently operate out of Cambuslang too.
National Cycle Route 75 passes through Cambuslang and extensive cycle lanes were added to the Main Street in 2016, although these were to prove controversial.
Notable natives/residents.
Cadoc.
St Cadoc (c 497 – c 570), also called ""Cadow" or "Cattwg", reputedly founded a monastery on the site of the present "Old Parish Church" in the later sixth century. He is the patron saint of Cambuslang, where there is a modern primary school named after him. His feast day is 25 September. In medieval times, "Cadoc" was called on for help by (among others) deaf people and those suffering from cramp.
He was a Celtic saint – previously, a Prince of Glamorgan – who brought succour to the native Christians against the invading Saxons. Cambuslang is at the northernmost reach of the Welsh speaking Brythons, so he may well have visited here in his wanderings, or in an effort to secure help against the Saxons. He had travelled to Ireland, to Brittany (to visit the Welsh-speaking monks there), Rome (the centre of Western Christianity) and Jerusalem (from where he brought back two altar stones that had touched the Holy Sepulchre.
The Europe he walked through was being battered by the barbarian invasions, so it is not improbable that he managed to reach Cambuslang. However, as no mention is made in the legends of an expedition this far north, it might have been a disciple, or a pilgrim returning from Glamorgan with a relic, who established the church at Cambuslang. Cadoc was cut down, while serving Mass, by a Saxon raiding party at "Benevenna", most probably near Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire.
St Cadoc was prestigious enough in his lifetime for local chiefs to have recourse to him to settle disputes. This reputation lasted well into the Middle Ages, where solemn bonds and oaths were sworn over his (or his followers') remains. Just before the Reformation, a wealthy Cambuslang notable expressed in his will a desire to be interred "with the ashes of St Cadoc", in the Parish Kirk.
David Dale.
David Dale (1739–1806) was a Scottish industrialist and philanthropist. His efforts to establish a cotton-spinning factory at Flemington failed but he was very successful as co-founder of the New Lanark Mills in 1786. Dale owned the estate of Rosebank in Cambuslang, which he used as a summer retreat from his townhouse (reputedly still standing) in Charlotte Street Glasgow and to where he retired and lived until his death. The estate was sold after his death to the Caledonian Railway Company, which divided it in two to accommodate the new railway. The half to the north of the railway line, including Rosebank House, eventually became Rosebank Industrial Estate. The southern half was sold to Thomas Gray Buchanan, a Glasgow merchant, related to the Buchanan who established Buchanan Street in Glasgow, who established a country retreat at Wellshott House, but his son Michael sold off the lands to build suburban villas in the 1860s.
James Meek.
Rev Dr James Meek (1739–1810) was Minister of Cambuslang from 1774 until his death. He had been Dean of the Chapel at Glasgow University, when the Rector was Edmund Burke and the professors included the philosopher Thomas Reid. He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1795. He wrote the entry for Cambuslang in the First Statistical Account of Scotland. The cool, objective account in his report of the Cambuslang Wark remains the prime historical source for that event. He kept a detailed "Journal and Register of the Weather"..." for each day over 29 years, with remarks on weather and events throughout Britain and the world. This Journal is still quoted in modern histories of the weather. He is buried in the "Old Parish Church" kirkyard, just inside the gate.


ANSAC

American Natural Soda Ash Corporation (ANSAC) operates as the international distribution arm for three US manufacturers of natural soda ash produced from trona deposits in Green River, Wyoming, the trade name for sodium carbonate Na2CO3, is an essential raw material used in the manufacture of glass, detergents, and several sodium-based chemicals.
The company is headquartered in Westport, Connecticut.
History.
ANSAC was founded in 1984 as the American Natural Soda Ash Corporation. The company was set up to act as the international sales, marketing and distribution cooperative for the four leading producers of natural soda ash in the United States
Soda ash commodity.
Soda ash is one of the most widely used and important commodities in the United States, contributing substantially to the gross domestic product For this reason, the Federal Reserve Board incorporates monthly soda ash production data into monthly economic indicators used to monitor the condition of the US economy
The USA is the world’s largest exporter of soda ash and exported over 5 million tonnes in 2008, which accounted for over 50% of the world’s trade in this commodity
ANSAC today.
ANSAC ships soda ash to all areas of the globe except North America and Western Europe. In these areas, the member companies use their own sales and distribution services. Its estimated export volume in 2008 was 4 million tonnes, up from around 3 million tonnes in 2000. These volumes make the company the world's largest exporter of natural soda ash.
The soda ash is moved from the plants in Wyoming in a fleet of 4000 rail cars or 40 unit trains to ANSAC’s dedicated ocean terminals in Portland, Oregon and Port Arthur, Texas.
ANSAC has 6 dedicated vessels, including the ANSAC Kathryn, ANSAC Asia, ANSAC Sesoda, ANSAC Splendor, Jasmine Ace & King Yukon The company also uses other vessel chartering arrangements to supply customers all around the world
Member companies.
The Three leading US manufacturers supplying ANSAC with natural soda ash are:
These companies mine and process trona into soda ash in the Green River Basin, Wyoming This area contains the largest reserves of naturally occurring trona on earth, with deposits estimated at 100 billion tons The mines and processing plants operate 24 hours per day, year-round Soda ash production is an economic mainstay of the communities of southwest Wyoming, contributing over $300 million annually
During the processing and production of soda ash, a number of other sodium compounds are made as co-products, including sodium bicarbonatebaking soda, sodium sulfite, sodium tripolyphosphate, and chemical caustic soda
Products.
Soda ash is made in three main grades - light, medium and dense These have the same chemical properties and only differ in physical characteristics, such as bulk density and particle size and shape
ANSAC supplies dense and medium dense soda ash
Dense soda ash.
The dense soda ash exported by ANSAC has the following properties:
Fifty percent of the world-wide production of soda ash is earmarked for soda-lime silica glass manufacture, generally used in the flat glass automotive and construction, glass container food and drink and many other glass industries The bulk of ANSAC dense soda ash is supplied to this industry
Medium dense soda ash.
The medium dense soda ash exported by ANSAC has the following properties:
Medium dense soda ash dissolves faster than dense soda ash and is typically used as an alternative to Chemical synthesis|synthetic light soda ash in compact detergent manufacture
Environmental record.
Trona is 1 part soda ash, 1 part sodium bicarbonate and 3 parts water The production of soda ash is a process of physical separation It is free from organics, heavy metals and other materials harmful to humans and animals The production of soda ash from trona uses far less water, energy and produces far less CO2 than any synthetic method of production for soda ash There are no harmful waste of other effluents released into the environment Natural trona-based soda ash is considered the purest and greenest soda ash available
ANSAC has no citations from the United States Environmental Protection Agency or any other environmental group
Legal.
Overall, ANSAC was challenged for causing anticompetitive conduct in the European Union, South Africa and India. In the European Union it was found in violation of EU Competition Law. In South Africa it settled the case. In India, it prevailed.
American Natural Soda Ash Corp ANSAC has agreed to pay a fine of $1 M to settle a price fixing case filed by Botswana Ash Ltd Botash and Chemserve Technical Products Ltd with South Africa's Competition Commission The company acknowledged its participation in the price fixing and also agreed to halt exports in its present state ANSAC will continue to supply soda ash for a short period of time before completely withdrawing from South Africa The price fixing case, which started on 26 Oct 1999, accused ANSAC and its acting agent in South Africa, CHC Global Ltd, of violating the Competitions Act


Bozovici coal mine

Bozovici Coal Mine is an underground mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Bozovici in the south-western part of Caraș-Severin County. The legal entity managing the Bozovici mine is the National Hard Coal Company which was set up in 1998. The mine has reserves of 30 million tonnes of coal.


Thomas Emerson Forster

Thomas Emerson Forster (20 October 1802 – 7 March 1875) was an eminent English mining engineer.
Early years.
Thomas Emerson Forster was born on 20 October 1802 at Garrigill, a hamlet on the left bank of the South Tyne river in Cumberland.
The district is called the Manor of Alston Moor. It was a mining area, with valuable lead mines and some small coal beds.
Westgarth Forster, one of his father's cousins, published a book in 1816 called "A section of the Strata from Cross Fell to Newcastle-on-Tyne".
The family moved to Hebburn, near the mouth of the river Tyne, where Foster was educated.
When he was fifteen he was apprenticed to Mr. Wade, one of the owners of Hebburn Colliery.
Career.
Thomas Forster learned from his relative, Westgarth Forster, and from John Buddle, head viewer of the colliery. When just over 20 years old he was appointed resident viewer at Walker Colliery near Wallsend, Northumberland. After two years he was given a senior position at Hetton Colliery, in the county of Durham. In 1831 he moved to Haswell, County Durham. Forster took an active role in planning and building the Durham and Sunderland Railway during the period when the old wooden wagon-ways were being replaced in the north of England. He became connected with various collieries including Belmont, Shincliffe, Shotton, Byers Green, and Scremerston. He was appointed Consulting Engineer to the Earl of Lonsdale, to Lord Boyne, and to other large mining property owners. He was associated with many of the most important mining works in the north of England.
Forster became a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 16 February 1836.
In 1846 he moved to Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, where he spent the rest of his life.
Thomas Forster taught his relative Thomas Forster Brown (1835–1907), also born in Garrigill, who became prominent in South Wales mining.
He was President of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers from 1866 to 1869. In 1868 he was one of the local Commissioners of Inquiry into the Produce and profitable future Supply of Coal.
Thomas Emerson Forster died at Ellison Place on 7 March 1875 at the age of 72. His bust is displayed at the Neville Hall and Wood Memorial Hall (North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers) in Newcastle upon Tyne. It is one of two busts, the other being of John Buddle. His son, George Baker Forster, also became a well-known mining engineer.

. . . across a memorial notice in the archive, which marked the anniversary of Roger Bushell’s birth and celebrated his life. It quoted Rupert Brooke: “He leaves a white unbroken glory, a gathered radiance, a width, a shining peace, under the night.” It was signed “Georgie”.
Legacy.
Bushell was the basis for the character "Roger Bartlett" in the film "The Great Escape" (1963), played by actor Richard Attenborough.
Bushell has been portrayed by Ian McShane in the made-for-TV film "" (1988).


Neil Superior

Neil Allen Caricofe (April 6, 1963 – August 23, 1996), better known by the ring name Neil Superior, was an American professional wrestler and trainer. A mainstay on the East Coast and Mid-Atlantic independent circuit during the 1990s, Superior was perhaps best known for his tenure in the National Wrestling League. His five year reign as NWL Heavyweight Champion is the longest in the promotion's history. In addition, Superior was the first co-holder of the NWL Tag Team Championship as one half of The Brothers Superior with Doug Superior. Superior also wrestled for International World Class Championship Wrestling and South Atlantic Pro Wrestling, where he was its last heavyweight champion, and as a preliminary wrestler for World Championship Wrestling. He died during an altercation with Ocean City police officers which resulted in a wrongful death lawsuit against the city.
Early life.
Neil Allen Caricofe was born on April 6, 1963 in Hagerstown, Maryland, one of two sons born to Leatrice and Richard A. "Dick" Caricofe. Graduating from North Hagerstown High School in 1981, Caricofe attended American University for two years on a scholarship. He later worked as a correctional officer in nearby Sykesville and served in the United States Army Reserve. Caricofe also did volunteer work as a Big Brother and was a member of the local parks board in his hometown.
Professional wrestling career.
Early career.
Caricofe was trained by Afa Anoa'i at the Wild Samoan Pro Wrestling School in Whitehall, Pennsylvania and made his debut in 1989.
National Wrestling League.
He and his father, Dick Caricofe, founded the All Star Wrestling League (later known as the National Wrestling League) in Hagerstown, Maryland that same year. Caricofe formed a tag team with fellow Wild Samoan graduate Doug Stahl called The Superior Brothers, "Nasty" Neil and "Desirable" Doug Superior, respectively. They also wrestled as The Satanic Warriors. The team competed throughout Maryland and Pennsylvania as well as feuding with The Fantastics (Bobby and Jackie Fulton) during NWL tours in Hawaii and Guam. In 1989, The Brothers Superior defeated The Cream Team (Dino Casanova and Rip Sawyer) in Moorefield, West Virginia to become first NWL Tag Team Champions. They remained champions until their breakup the following year.
After spitting with Stahl, Superior embarked on a singles career. One of his first major opponents was The Honky Tonk Man who he faced in Hagerstown on August 10, 1991. Superior also feuded with Rasta the Voodoo Mon. Later that year, Superior defeated Helmut Hesler to win the NWL Heavyweight Championship. The title had been vacated when John Rambo left the promotion to wrestle for Pacific Northwest Wrestling. Superior would hold the title for five years making him the longest in the promotion's history.
Independent circuit.
Superior also wrestled for other independent promotions during the early-1990s including, most notably, International World Class Championship Wrestling, Main Event Wrestling and South Atlantic Pro Wrestling. On April 12, 1992, Superior defeated Helmut Hessler in Hagerstown for the SAPW Heavyweight Championship. He remained champion until the promotion's close four months later.
That fall, Superior traveled to Puerto Rico to wrestle for the Americas Wrestling Federation. On September 25, Superior defeated The Equalizer at the El Coliseo Municipal in Juana Díaz. The following night, he beat Chicky Starr at El Acrópolis in Manatí, Puerto Rico.
That same year, Superior opened his own wrestling school in Hagerstown. It became the main training facility for the National Wrestling League, later nicknamed "The House of Pain", and whose students included Spazman Brian Anthony, Slickyboy, and Professor Egon Ecton. In 1993, Superior and his school were featured in "The Washington Post Magazine".
National Wrestling League.
Back in the NWL, Superior successfully defended his title against Dave Casanova, Jimmy Deo, Morgus the Maniac and other challengers during 1993 and 1994. On August 3, 1994, Superior won a 9-man battle royal in Front Royal, Virginia that included Allen Anthony, Brian DeRiga, Dave Casanova, Doink the Clown, Tank Noakes, The Metal Maniac and Shane Shadows. On February 24, 1995, Superior retained his title against T. Rantula in Clear Spring, Maryland. On March 26, Superior and Jeremy Sumpter defeated Shane Shadows and Julio Shanchez at Potomac State College in Keyser, West Virginia. On November 4, 1995, Superior pinned Bodydonna Skip in Keyser to retain the NWL Heavyweight title. Two weeks later, he appeared to have lost the title to Mike Himeberger but the referee reversed the decision when it was discovered Superior's opponent had used his feet on the ropes to pin the champion. Superior continued defending the title until his sudden death in the summer of 1996. His last recorded match was against Mark Mest in Martinsburg, West Virginia on June 30, 1996. The title remained vacant until John Rambo defeated "Hollywood" Bob Starr the following year.
Death.
Incident.
Early on the morning of August 23, 1996, Caricofe, who had left his hotel room around 4:00 am, was observed acting erratically and running naked on the seventh floor of the Fenwick Inn in Ocean City, Maryland. It was believed that Caricofe had left his room accidentally and was unable to find his way back. Caricofe may have been suffering from a medical condition caused by seizures and which made him to appear to be sleepwalking. Neither was it unusual, according to the Caricofe family, for him to sleep either in his underwear or in the nude. The night desk clerk, Lisa Mulvihill, became aware of the situation when a concerned guest called the front desk. When Mulvihill went to investigate, she saw Caricofe "jumping around and banging himself against the wall". She briefly attempted to communicate with Caricofe but, finding him unresponsive, returned to the front desk and called police. Mulvihill received a second call that Caricofe was banging on the doors of several rooms. Mulvihill then made a second call to police informing them that she was returning to the seventh floor and requesting that officers meet her there.
Confrontation.
Officer Freddie Howard was the first officer to arrive on the scene. Howard immediately went to the seventh floor where he witnessed Caricofe "bouncing on his tippy toes as a boxer would". Howard, believing the wrestler was under the influence of narcotics, called for backup. Caricofe did not respond to Howard's attempt to communicate. Acting Sergeant Kathleen Braeuninger and Officer Matthew Jones joined Howard a few minutes later. A restraining device, using a rope to bind the feet of a violent prisoner, was brought by a fourth officer, Officer Eric Alban. It was decided by the officers that Caricofe needed to be restrained. An attempt by Howard and Jones to handcuff Caricofe failed. They continued shouting commands to lay down on the ground and, when Caricofe failed to respond, all four officers used pepper spray which they later claimed had no effect. Caricofe then moved toward Howard and Jones, pinning Howard up against the wall, and held the officer by his shirt. Sergeant Braeuninger and Officer Alban radioed for backup, the latter calling in a "Signal 13" indicating an officer was in need of emergency assistance. Alban, Braeuninger and Jones began hitting Caricofe on his lower back and legs with nightsticks in an effort to free Howard.
Foot chase and beating.
Caricofe fled down the hallway and entered a vending machine area. The officers did not follow as they felt the area was too small to safely restrain him. The officers claimed that Caricofe violently started banging his head and shoulders into the machines and sustaining face and head injuries. Caricofe was chased down seven flights of stairs and into the hotel parking lot where additional officers had arrived: Sergeants John Whittington and Edmund O'Brien, and Officers Jennifer Engstrom, James Grady, Edward Schmitt, Monica Scarpac, and Ronnie Townsend. Further efforts to subdue Caricofe using pepper foam and nightsticks were unsuccessful. Finally, Sergeant Whittington was able to grab hold allowing the rest of the officers to bring Caricofe to the ground. The group held Caricofe down while attempting to handcuff him and place the "violent prisoner restraining device" on his legs. While police were waiting for paramedics to arrive, the officers observed that Caricofe was no longer breathing. They assisted paramedics in performing CPR on Caricofe but were unable to revive him. He was pronounced dead at Atlantic General Hospital a short time later.
Aftermath.
The circumstances surrounding Caricofe's death were questioned during the next few weeks. It was not learned until afterwards that Caricofe had been diagnosed with a medical condition two years earlier, a neurological problem possibly resulting from a wrestling-related injury, that caused seizures and made him to appear to be sleepwalking. The Caricofe family were given little information from authorities regarding the death of their son. They learned from Gerald Minnich, director of Minnich Funeral Home in Hagerstown, who described their son's injuries, that Neil Caricofe had sustained "a possible broken nose, swelling around his eyes and a bruise on the back of his head". Caricofe's father did not initially hold Ocean City police liable for the death of his son. He was told by a Maryland State Police investigator, as well as a friend who was a state trooper at the Berlin police barracks, that his son had hit his head on a vending machine as he was running from police. The family believed that the responding police officers, three of whom were temporary seasonal patrolmen, were inexperienced and had overreacted due to Neil Caricofe's size.
A lone witness staying at the hotel was interviewed by "The Washington Post" disputing the official police statement. In describing the assault, she claimed that Caricofe "didn't yell back or attack but refused to lay down and kept running around". There were at least ten police officers on top of Caricofe, who put "something resembling a dog collar" around his neck just before the wrestler lost consciousness, and did not perform CPR after he had stopped breathing. Jay Hancock, then public information officer for the Ocean City Police Department, subsequently wrote a rebuttal defending the actions of his department and also criticized the credibility of the witness who chose to speak out anonymously.
An autopsy report from the Maryland Medical Examiner determined Caricofe had died as a result of heart disease combined with the ingestion of drugs and alcohol. A toxicology report found the presence of ephedrine, gamma hydroxybutyrate, anabolic steroids and ethanol in his system. They also concluded that the beating did not cause internal injuries nor were they considered life-threatening. No disciplinary action was taken against the officers involved, however, the incident was investigated by both the Worcester County Bureau of Investigation and the Worcester County State’s Attorney’s Office. The officers were allowed to continue their regular duties during the investigation. On October 8, 1996, State Attorney Joel Todd announced the results of the investigation and cleared the Ocean City Police Department of any wrongdoing.
Lawsuit.
A year after Caricofe's death, his parents were still unable to find out the details of what occurred that night. The family's Baltimore attorney, Gerald Ruter, believed his clients were being stonewalled by law enforcement. The family began their own investigation and, starting on August 23, 1997, an investigator handed out 500 flyers around the Fenwick Inn hoping to find witnesses such as tourists who may have been there the previous summer. A letter to the editor was scheduled to be published in "The Daily Times" that weekend. The family also looked into making an appeal to the public by placing ads in major newspapers. On June 2, 1998, Caricofe's parents filed a $350 million federal lawsuit against the Ocean City Police Department, claiming that their son had died as a result of police brutality. The case was heard in U.S. District Court in Baltimore. Gerald Ruter, an attorney for the Caricofe family, claimed that the officers "jumped on him and knocked him down and emptied several cans of pepper spray into his face" causing him to suffocate to death. It was further claimed their use of nightsticks and pepper spray to subdue Neil Caricofe was unnecessary and constituted excessive force. Among those named in the lawsuit included former mayor Roland F. Powell, Police Chief David Massey and 13 Ocean City police officers who were charged with wrongful death, excessive force, inadequate training and supervision of police, and false arrest.
Ocean City officials stood by the police department. The city was represented by Guy Ayres III who argued that Caricofe's death, according to the state medical examiner's report, was the result of heart disease brought about by a combination of alcohol and bodybuilding drugs. The city had investigated the incident twice and found the accused police officers had followed department policy. Ayres maintained that Caricofe was scaring hotel guests with his erratic behavior and ignoring commands from police officers. This justified their use of nightsticks and pepper spray, however, neither had any effect on the wrestler.
Ruter disputed these version of events. While it was true Caricofe had used legal drugs to build muscle mass, Caricofe was in healthy shape and had wrestled a match in New Jersey only a few weeks before his death. Caricofe had not attacked anyone at the hotel and did not pose a threat to the police officers until they attempted to restrain him. Ruter believed that police officers should have "shown patience" as Caricofe was visibly disoriented. The legal team for the Caricofe family based their case on proving that Caricofe would still be alive had he not been beaten or pepper sprayed by police. The case was dismissed by Judge Frederic Smalkin who believed the officers had responded properly. The ruling was upheld by the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on April 1, 2002, concluding that the officers had never resorted to deadly force.
Neil Superior Memorial Cup.
From 1999 to 2010, NWL owner Dick Caricofe promoted a series of memorial shows, "Lord of the Rings", in memory of his son and other HoPWF/NWL personalities. The first-ever memorial show was held at the Superior Pro Wrestling Training Center on November 23, 1999, in honor of Neil Superior and Big E. Sleeze. John Rambo, who had since taken over the school, wrote a eulogy on the promotion's website. The event featured former World Wrestling Federation talent including, most notably, Doink the Clown, Gillberg and Headshrinker Samu. The "Neil Superior Memorial Cup", a unique multi-ring professional wrestling tournament, was included in subsequent "Lord of the Rings" shows.


Matching Jack

Matching Jack is a 2010 Australian drama film directed by Nadia Tass from a screenplay by Lynne Renew and David Parker, based on an unfilmed script by Renew entitled "Love and Mortar".
Plot.
Life seems idyllic for Marisa (Jacinda Barrett) and her son, Jack (Tom Russell), until a poor performance at a school soccer match ends with Jack in hospital and Marisa trying to find her husband, David (Richard Roxburgh), who is interstate at a conference. In fact, David is planning to leave Marisa for his current mistress (Yvonne Strahovski), with his phone off and not a care in the world.
Jack is diagnosed with Leukaemia and the only possibility of a cure is if David has had a child from one of his many flings who could be a bone marrow donor. Marisa looks back through his diaries, figures when he could have been having affairs, and goes out door knocking. Unsuspecting women face a desperate mother as Marisa searches high and low for possibilities and the full scale of David's infidelity is revealed.
Meanwhile, Jack befriends Finn (Kodi Smit-McPhee), a young Irish boy in the next bed. He has been travelling the world with his father, Connor (James Nesbitt). Initial disdain turns to mutual respect as both Marisa and Connor find their own ways to deal with their respective sons' illnesses.
Production.
"Matching Jack" was produced by Tass and Parker's studio Cascade Films, in association with the film investment agencies Film Victoria and Screen Australia. It was filmed on location in Melbourne in 2009, and premiered at the 2010 Melbourne International Film Festival. 20th Century Fox distributed it to 185 national screens in August 2010, the widest Fox release of an Australian film since 2008's "Australia".
The film won Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay at the 2011 Milan International Film Festival. "Matching Jack" was also honoured with Cannes Cinephile Prix De Jury Bel Age at the 2011 Cinephiles festival at Cannes in May 2011.
Over recent months, the film has screened at: Palm Beach International Film Festival, Cleveland International Film Festival, Belfast Film Festival, Internationales Filmwochenende Wurzburg (Germany), Tiburon International Film Festival and Newport Beach Film Festival. Recently it was also screened in out of competition section of the 10th Pune International Film Festival.
Reviews.
It holds a score of 69% on Rotten Tomatoes.
"Leonard Maltin": "A deeply emotional film, clearly made with tender loving care. Kodi Smit-McPhee gives an utterly remarkable performance in a cast full of fine actors".
"David Stratton, The Australian": "Wonderfully acted and scripted… Smit-McPhee, particularly, brings grace, dignity and child-like optimism to his character, and he is heart-breakingly impressive as Finn".
"David Tiley, Screenhub": "A terrific, passionate, sobby, craftful heartgrabber, a grown up film about a vast and honest emotional arc".
"Jim Schembri, The Sydney Morning Herald": "It's a no-holds-bar emotional slam dunk as a young mother (superbly played by Jacinda Barrett) desperately searches for a bone marrow match for her son from among the illegitimate children fathered by her promiscuous husband (Richard Roxburgh). A beautiful, moving, unashamedly melodramatic film that rouses tears and joy in equal measure."
Release.
"Matching Jack" opened at number eight at the Australian box office on its opening weekend, taking $258,011.


Dixon Hill (Star Trek)


Tim Clemente

Timothy G. Clemente (born October 18, 1960) is an American counter-terrorism expert who has worked as an FBI Special Agent and SWAT team member in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. He also ran a cover joint operation with the Department of Energy's National Emergency Support Team, which was tasked with protecting the U.S. from attack by rogue nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction. Clemente went undercover as a drug smuggler and took down members of the Cali Cartel working in narcotics and organized crime investigations in the U.S. and South America.
A 2011 "Esquire" profile by described Clemente as "an excellent terrorist hunter".
Education.
Born in San Francisco, California, Clemente earned a B.A. in International Politics from Fordham University in 1982.
Career.
Clemente was a police officer in St. Louis, Missouri from 1982 to 1990. As an FBI Special Agent between 1990 and 2007, Clemente worked as a counterterrorism expert and a SWAT team member, sniper, and tactical instructor. He carried out narcotics and terrorism investigations around the world. In the late 1990s, he was one of the FBI agents who worked on the 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. On 9/11, he was one of the first FBI agents on the scene after American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon.
Clemente went to Iraq for the first time in January 2004. A 2011 "Esquire" article described his close friendship with a former member of Saddam's police force whom Clemente trained in Iraq in 2004 to be a terrorist hunter and became, in the view of U.S. experts, "the best terrorist hunter alive." The article depicted the two men's activities in Iraq, hunting down and "turning" terrorists.
Military.
After leaving the FBI, Clemente returned to Iraq in 2007 to serve as an adviser to the U.S. military. He spent eight months in Iraq working as an embedded Counter Improvised Explosive Device Investigator with the U.S. Army 3rd Corps. While in Iraq, he compiled a book of combat photos entitled "Courage".
In 2008, he worked as an adviser with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
Hollywood.
Clemente retired from active government duty in 2007. Since then, he has worked in Hollywood writing screenplays and serving as a consultant about law enforcement, counterterrorism, and the FBI on films and TV shows. He owns X-G Productions, Inc. and has written several episodes of , two episodes of "Lie to Me", and an episode of "The Unit". He has also appeared on "Criminal Minds" and "The Unit", performed stunts on "Criminal Minds" and "Washington Field", and served as creator and producer of "Washington Field", in addition to writing one of its episodes. He has also written for the shows "Killer Elite" and "Blindspot". Since late 2015, he has been a staff writer and technical consultant for "".
Clemente also works as an international consultant.
Professional activities.
HARAS.
Clemente invented the Height Adjustable Rescue Assault System (HARAS), which uses wide platforms and high traction stairways to ensure easy and safe access to elevated conveyances or structures.
Comments on Tsarnaev phone calls.
During a May 2013 discussion on CNN of the possible role of Boston Marathon bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev's wife, Catherine Russell, in her husband's actions, Clemente claimed that national security investigators "have ways...to find out exactly what was said in that conversation". Clemente's claim, that the government maintained records of private phone calls, attracted considerable media attention and commentary.
Comments on Muslim influx into U.S..
In a July 2015 interview, Clemente said that it was impossible for the FBI to cope with the influx into the U.S. of people from the Muslim world who may be terrorists or potential terrorists. He criticized the State Department for allowing students to enter the country without real vetting, and complained that laws prohibit investigation of such individuals unless there is "reasonable suspicion" of their motives for entering the U.S.
Personal life.
Clemente and his wife have nine children


Kitty Melrose

Kitty Melrose ("née" Agnes Butterfield; 1882 – 3 June 1912) was an English stage actress and singer.
Life.
Melrose was born in Cumberland to Stephen and Jane Butterfield. Her father later worked as a clothier in Blackpool, Lancashire.
In 1909, while in New York performing "The Dollar Princess" at the Knickerbocker Theatre, was severely injured while hit with a ball while golfing with F. Pope Stamper. They initially feared she might be disfigured, but excellent surgery left her with only a small scar. She recovered, and made her last stage appearance at the London Adelphi Theatre in "The Quaker Girl", a musical that opened on 5 November 1910 and ran for 536 performances.
Death.
In 1912, Melrose committed suicide at her apartment in Smith Square, Westminster. A public inquest revealed that Melrose, who was found in her locked apartment with her head in the oven, had died from asphyxiation caused by carbon monoxide poisoning. Her family blamed the suicide on heartbreak after her fiancé, Edward Lawson-Johnson, broke off their engagement. His family, who supported him financially, had discovered the pair were living together outside of wedlock and forbid him marrying her.
Letters found in her apartment revealed that Lawson-Johnson—described as "a man about town" by the press—broke up with her by post. Their contents were read at the inquest. Lawson-Johnson wrote,
"Marriage is impossible from the family and also, as you know, the financial point of view. You know my feelings towards you, so I need not say anything about that. Without money we must come to grief. I know I was very wrong in letting you believe it was possible, but my nerves were very tried with your several illnesses."
Her unposted response,
Eddie, my dear one, I cannot bear any more, and everyone has told me you won't, and have done with me. I am heartbroken, and cannot bear any more. Please forgive me, but I know as you do not love in' you will soon forget me. All my love, and good luck to you. Your Kit. P.S. It was wrong for every one to keep you from me. It has made it too impossible. I cannot fight alone, but I did believe in you, and did not think you would fail me. But God's will. I know you thought you were doing right. Eddie, By leaving me alone you thought you were doing right, but it wavs all wrong and cruel. God forgive you, as I hope he will forgive me.
Dr Eugene Michael Niall of Piccadilly testified he had treated her three months earlier for a "nervous breakdown" after she had taken barbital. Her father stated that she had previously attempted to take her life a few years earlier.
The inquest returned a verdict of "suicide during temporary insanity." She was buried in London at the Kensal Green Cemetery, Kensal Green.


John McClurg

John E. McClurg is an American security and counterintelligence professional. He spent his early career with the US government, serving as both a supervisory special agent and branch chief for the FBI as well as a deputy branch chief for the CIA. In these roles, McClurg was involved in the capturing of both Kevin Poulsen and Harold James Nicholson. Following his public service, he has served as a vice-president and Chief Security Officer for Lucent, Honeywell, Dell, and currently BlackBerry|Cylance.
Education.
John McClurg received his JD from Brigham Young University and became licensed to practice law through the Utah Bar Association. At Brigham Young he also earned a BA, BSc, and MA in Organizational Behavior, and he later pursued doctoral studies in Hermeneutics at the UNC-Chapel Hill and UCLA.
FBI and CIA career.
McClurg began his career working in the intelligence community, working for the FBI, where he co-created what became the National Infrastructure Protection Center at the Department of Homeland Security. At the FBI McClurg was a supervisory special agent and served on one of the US's first Joint Terrorism Task Forces. One of his tasks while working as a special agent in Los Angeles was to bring down hacker Kevin Poulsen, also known as "Dark Dante". As a result of that effort McClurg developed techniques for combatting converged security risks that integrate both physical and cyber threats. This led to McClurg's development of the "Converged Risk Assessment Model" of cyber/physical security. McClurg was involved in the capture and prosecution of Poulsen, and was also responsible for efforts that resulted in the capture of CIA double agent Harold James Nicholson. He was also involved in real-world security operations against Mexican drug cartels and other organized criminals.
McClurg also served as a cybersecurity branch chief who developed the cyber-counterintelligence program for the U.S. Department of Energy's newly founded Office of Counterintelligence. He was also a deputy branch chief for the CIA, helping to establish the CIA's Counter-espionage Group. In the mid-2000s, after entering the corporate world, McClurg co-chaired the Overseas Security Advisory Council of the U.S. State Department and was a member of the FBI's Domestic Security Alliance Council.
Business career.
McClurg served as the vice president for security at Lucent Technologies/Bell Laboratories in the mid-2000s. He later became the vice president and chief security officer of Global Security at Honeywell, where he developed strategic focus and tactical operations for cyber and physical security. He was also working on an early Advanced Persistent Threat program, before moving to Dell Inc in 2011, where he became the vice president and chief security officer of Dell's Global Security Organization. At Dell he developed what he called the Business Assurance Program, which was designed to determine the likelihood of a trusted insider employee or worker of acting against their interests—such as engaging in spying.
Writing.
John McClurg has contributed to publications including "Security Magazine" and "Information Week". He has also served as a keynote speaker on security issues at industry conferences.
Recognition.
In 2008 McClurg was named a Compass Award winner for leadership in the security industry by "Chief Security Officer Magazine", and he has been named to the "25 Most Influential in the Security Industry" list for "Security Magazine". He was also twice decorated for his work with the FBI.