Displace Me

Displace Me was a nationwide event hosted by the nonprofit Invisible Children Inc. on April 28, 2007. In 15 cities across the United States, 68,000 individuals came together to raise awareness about the situation of the displacement camps in northern Uganda.
The event had three main goals:
The event.
Displace Me was created to be an experiential event. To encourage the simulation, participants were asked to bring the following:
With 15 locations across the United States, participants had to travel long distances to reach their “camps.” The traveling aspect was reflective of the displaced individuals in northern Uganda who were given 48 hours to leave their homes and relocate to displaced camps throughout the region. Once Displace Me participants arrived at their camps, they built “huts” out of cardboard boxes. Throughout the remainder of the night, participants were rationed food and water and heard, via video, personal testimonies from those living in the IDP camps in the North.
Other aspects of the event included a speech at every city from an individual personally connected with the conflict. Speakers included the Gulu District Chairman Norbert Mao, Invisible Children’s Ugandan Country Director Jolly Okot, and the Senior Adviser to the International Crisis Group John Prendergast, among others. First Lady Laura Bush also directly addressed the Displace Me participants via a prerecorded speech shown on video. Participants concluded the night by writing letters to their government leaders and the President of Uganda, calling friends and family who were not aware of the conflict, as well as holding 21 minutes of silence for the 21 years of war.
During the night participants also helped film a video that was to be shown to members of the United States Senate. Participants in each city held up giant banners with their city's name and one to two phrases from the below statement.


690th Cyberspace Operations Group

The 690th Cyberspace Operations Group, at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, is a United States Air Force group operating the Cyber Security and Control System weapon system. The group was established 1 April 1991 as the 6900 Communications-Computer Group. The group was redesignated the Air Intelligence Agency Intelligence Systems Group on 1 October 1993. It was redesignated again as the 690th Information Operations Group on 1 Oct 1997. On 5 July 2006, the group was again re-designated as the 690th Network Support Group.
The group is responsible for operating and maintaining the Air Force's global enterprise network. 690th COG was moved under the 688th Cyberspace Wing in 2018.
Component units
The group is composed of six squadrons and two detachments located around the world.
83d Network Operations Squadron
561st Network Operations Squadron
690th Cyberspace Operations Squadron
690th Intelligence Support Squadron
690th Network Support Squadron
691st Cyberspace Operations Squadron
Mission.
Operate, sustain and defend the Air Force information network by employing the Cyberspace Security and Control System weapon system to assure global cyber supremacy, enforce network standards and develop Airmen as cyber warriors.


Operation Avalanche naval order of battle

Operation Avalanche was the codename for the combined US and British landings on the southwest coast of Italy on 9 September 1943 as part of the Allied effort in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II. The forces landed consisted of the US Fifth Army under Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark. The Fifth Army was made up of the British X Corps, which landed south of the town of Salerno, and the US VI Corps, which landed at the town of Paestum.
The landings were carried out by combined forces of the US Navy and Royal Navy, detailed below.
"Naval losses:" 2 destroyers, 1 minesweeper, 1 tug, 1 hospital ship
Order of battle.
Task Force 80: Western Naval Task Force.
Vice Admiral H. Kent Hewitt, USN
Task Force 85: Northern Landing Force.
Commodore G.N. Oliver, RN
Task Force 81: Southern Landing Force.
Rear Adm. John L. Hall, Jr., USN
Task Force 88: Support Carrier Force.
Rear Admiral Sir Philip L. Vian, RN
Covering Forces


Battle of Milne Bay order of battle

This is an order of battle listing the Japanese and Allied forces involved in the Battle of Milne Bay from 25 August – 7 September 1942.


Cadet inspector

Cadet Inspectors (CIs) are Non-Commissioned Officers and ex-cadets who have completed their secondary school education and volunteered to continue their service in the National Police Cadet Corps in Singapore.
Requirements.
Ex-cadets must meet these following requirements in order to be eligible to apply:
5. and have any one of the following badges:
Details.
Ex-cadets who want to become CIs must apply for entry into the course through their Unit's Officer Commanding and then attend the 3-week long Cadet Inspectors' Basic Training Course (CIBTC) held twice every year in June and December at the Home Team Academy and NPCC Camp Resilience in Pulau Ubin. During CIBTC, they will hold the rank of Cadet Inspector Trainee [CIT (NPCC)] and attend lectures teaching them about Cadet Inspectorship. Upon completion of the course, they will pass out and attain the rank of Probationary Cadet Inspector [P/CI (NPCC)].
After passing the probation requirements, they will attain the rank of Cadet Inspector [CI (NPCC)].
Cadet Inspectors who have served in the Corps for at least 2 years are eligible for promotion to the rank of Senior Cadet Inspector [SCI (NPCC)].
The rank insignia for CIT (NPCC) is one white stripe, while P/CI (NPCC) and CI (NPCC) is one white stripe and a pip, while SCI (NPCC) is two white stripes and a pip.
Uniform.
The uniform worn by a Cadet Inspector is similar to that of a Cadet, with some slight differences:
Do note that the following differences are for the No. 3 Working Attire dress.
Opportunities.
Cadet Inspectors are given the opportunity to return to their secondary school to continue teaching cadets there. They are also given the opportunity to participate in Area events, like their Area's Adventure Training Camp, Survival Training Camp and Secondary One Swearing-in Ceremony, Headquarters events like shooting competitions and the NPCC Annual Parade, and National events like the National Day Parade.


Renato Curcio

Renato Curcio (; born 23 September 1941) is the former leader of the Italian far-left organization, the Red Brigades ("Brigate Rosse").
Early life.
Born of an extramarital affair between Renato Zampa (brother of film director Luigi Zampa) and Jolanda Curcio, Curcio was born at Monterotondo, in the province of Rome. His early years were a difficult time for him and his mother, a housemaid, whose itinerant positions with families required long separations. In April 1945, Curcio's beloved uncle, Armando, a Fiat auto worker, was murdered in a Fascist ambush. The death of Uncle Armando caused Curcio to develop a hatred towards the Nazi-Fascists.
A poor student, Curcio failed several subjects in his first year of high school and had to repeat the year. He then resumed vocational training classes until moving to Milan to live with his mother. He enrolled in the Ferrini Institute in Albenga, where he became a model student. During this period he was active in youth organization "Giovane nazione", described by some observers as "nazi-maoist".
On completing his degree in 1962, he won a scholarship to study at the new and innovative Institute of Sociology at the University of Trento, where he became absorbed in existential philosophy. During the mid-1960s, he gravitated toward radical politics and Marxism as a byproduct of his interest in existentialism and the self. By the late 1960s, he had become a committed revolutionary and Marxist theoretician. In addition to Marxism, Curcio also studied the philosophies of Lenin and Mao, further influencing his leftist ideology. In 1967, Curcio would create a "counter-university" at the University of Trento, which focused on teaching courses that were the polar opposite from what was actually being taught at the university, including anti-capitalism, revolution, and Maoist thought.
According to Alessandro Silj, three political events transformed him from a radical to an activist: two bloody demonstrations at Trento and a massacre by police of farm laborers in 1968. During the 1967-69 period, Curcio was also involved in two Marxist university groups: the Movement for a Negative University and the publication "Lavoro Politico" (Political Work).
Red Brigades and Aftermath.
Embittered by his expulsion from the radical Red Line faction of Lavoro Politico in August 1969, Curcio decided to drop out of Trento and forget his degree, even though he already had passed his final examinations. Prior to transferring his bases of activities to Milan, Curcio married, in a mixed (Catholic-Waldensian) ceremony, Margherita (Mara) Cagol, a Trentine sociology major, fellow radical, and daughter of a pent and worker group. Curcio and Cagol began publishing a revolutionary journal in 1967, entitled "Political Work", which set up the ideological foundation for a number of groups, including the Metropolitan Political Collective (CPM). A more militant faction of the CPM, led by Curcio and Cagol, splintered off in 1967 and formed the Red Brigades, which was intended to participate politically while also conducting clandestine military operations.
However, after getting arrested in February 1971 for occupying a vacant house, the Curcios and the most militant members of the Proletarian Left went completely underground and organized the Red Brigades and spent the next three years, from 1972 to 1975, engaging in a series of bombings and kidnappings of prominent figures. One of these assassination victims was the Chief Inspector of Turin's anti-terrorism task force. In February 1975, Cagol and a small commando group from the Red Brigades broke Curcio out of a poorly secured prison without having to use any violence. Four months later, a shootout occurred at a safehouse between the Red Brigades and the Carabinieri forces, resulting in Cagol being shot twice and eventually dying. The death of his wife forced Curcio into a deep depression, one that caused sloppiness in his work. Curcio was again captured by the authorities in January 1976, tried, convicted and imprisoned. The assassinations and kidnappings continued during his incarceration, however, creating a suspicion about whether or not Curcio was the actual leader of the group.
After Curcio's incarceration, the Red Brigades began changing its identity, with its members becoming younger and increasingly more militant. This increased militarization of the group led to a sharp uptick in the number of attacks and assassinations between the years of 1976 and 1978, culminating in the assassination of former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro in 1978.
In 1990, while still incarcerated, Curcio started a publishing company, along with Steffano Petrella and Nicola Valentino, called Sensibili alle Foglie, or Sensitive to the Leaves.
In April 1993 he was allowed to spend the day outside the jail in order to work as writer then in 1998 he was freed.
To date, Curcio has not expressed remorse for the activity of the Red Brigades.
In August 2007, French actress Fanny Ardant expressed her "admiration" for the Red Brigades leader as a "hero", adding she "considered the Red Brigades phenomenon to be very moving and passionate". For her comments the actress was sued in the Italian courts by Piero Mazzola, the son of an Italian policeman killed by the Red Brigades.


Knoxville Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Knoxville Campaign and subsequent East Tennessee operations during the American Civil War from November 4 to December 23, 1863 under the command of Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside. Engagements fought during this time included the battles of Campbell's Station and Fort Sanders and the siege of Knoxville. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign and return of casualties. The Confederate order of battle is shown separately.
Army of the Ohio.
MG Ambrose E. Burnside<br>
General Headquarters
IX Corps.
BG Robert B. Potter
XXIII Corps.
BG Mahlon D. Manson
General Headquarters
Cavalry Corps.
BG James M. Shackelford


22nd Air Landing Division (Wehrmacht)

The 22nd Infantry Division was a specialized German infantry division in World War II. Its primary method of transportation was gliders. The division played a significant role in the development of modern day air assault operations.
History.
Created as 22. Infanterie-Division in 1935, one regiment participated in the 1939 Invasion of Poland; the rest of the division stayed in garrison on the Siegfried Line in case of a French attack in defense of Poland. The division retrained as 22. Luftlande-Division ("Air Landing Division") for rapid tactical deployment to capture enemy airbases and performed in that role during the invasion of the Netherlands suffering heavy losses during the failed Battle for The Hague (operation “Fall Festung”), and afterward advanced into France operating as ordinary ground infantry. Though planned for use in its air-landing role for the Battle of Crete, it was replaced by another division at the last minute. It joined Army Group South in Operation Barbarossa (1941), attacking from Romania and, operating exclusively as ordinary ground infantry, helped storm Sevastopol in the Crimea (1942).
The unit was thereafter transferred to Crete for garrison duty in "Fortress Crete" and mop-up operations in the Aegean, playing a major role in the Battle of Leros under the command of Generalmajor Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller. During September 1943, forces of the unit committed numerous atrocities in Viannos. On 26 April 1944 the divisional commander, Generalmajor Heinrich Kreipe, was abducted by a British Special Operations Executive team led by Major Patrick Leigh Fermor and Capt Bill Stanley Moss. Kreipe's car was ambushed at night on the way from the divisional headquarters at Ano Archanes to the Villa Ariadne at Knossos and he was taken cross-country over the mountains to the south coast where he and his captors were picked up by a British vessel near Rodakino on 14 May. This operation was later portrayed in the book "Ill Met by Moonlight" (1950) written by Moss based on his wartime diaries, later adapted as a film of the same name. In late summer 1944, forces of the division were involved in more atrocities in Anogeia and Amari.
Withdrawn to the mainland in autumn 1944, the 22. Infanterie-Division spent the rest of the war in anti-partisan operations in Macedonia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in southeastern Europe, was renamed 22. Volksgrenadier-Division in March 1945, as it withdrew to Slavonia and finally surrendered to Yugoslav forces at the end of the war in May in Slovenia.


Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)

Flying Tiger is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Publication history.
Flying Tiger first appeared in "Spider-Woman #40" (October 1981), and was created by Chris Claremont, Steve Leialoha, and Bob Wiacek.
The character subsequently appears in "Spider-Woman" #50 (June 1983), "Iron Man" #177 (December 1983), "Fantastic Four" #335 (December 1989), "Avengers Spotlight" #29 (February 1990), "Captain America" #411 (January 1993), #413 (March 1993), "Thunderbolts" #3 (June 1997), #18-20 (September–November 1998), #22 (January 1999), #24-25 (March–April 1999), and "Avengers: The Initiative Annual" #1 (January 2008).
Flying Tiger received an entry in the "All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z: Update" #2 (2007).
Fictional character biography.
Flying Tiger's true identity is unknown. A professional football player whose career was cut short, he develops a costume that enabled him to fly. He starts his criminal career as a mercenary assassin when he's hired to kill the original Spider-Woman.
Flying Tiger is among the superhuman individuals abducted by Locksmith and Tick-Tock where they're placed in Locksmith's prison. When in his cell, Flying Tiger feels claustrophobic. He is later freed by Spider-Woman and Gypsy Moth.
General Nguyen Ngoc Coy later recommends Flying Tiger to his South American rebel allies. He is later hired to abduct businessmen Regis Fussky and deposit him at a base in South America. As part of an agreement with Kingpin, Flying Tiger is not to abduct Regis Fussky until he's out of the United States. Regis Fussky hires Iron Man (James Rhodes) to be his bodyguard while Flying Tiger replaces the co-pilot of Regis Fussky's airplane. Once the airplane is over South America, Flying Tiger emerges from the cockpit and grabbed Regis Fussky while grabbing the suitcase that contained the Iron Man armor. During Flying Tiger's fight with Iron Man, the US government begins dropping bombs on Colonel Perez's camp. Flying Tiger was caught in one of the explosions. Iron Man rescues Regis Fussky and takes down the fleeing Flying Tiger.
During the "Acts of Vengeance", Doctor Doom used an Aggression Enhancer on Flying Tiger and other villains to attack the Fantastic Four when they stood before Congress. They were defeated by the Fantastic Four.
Flying Tiger was next seen being admitted into the Vault following a massive prison escape attempt.
Later, Flying Tiger joined the Crimson Cowl's Masters of Evil. The group's plot to blackmail the governments of the world using a weather-controlling machine was stopped by the Thunderbolts.
Later in San Francisco, Flying Tiger was defeated by Armory.
During the "Fear Itself" storyline, Flying Tiger was seen trying to escape from the demolished Raft until he ran into the Avengers Academy staff.
Flying Tiger and Puff Adder were watching TV when a bandaged Peter Parker rolled in on a wheelchair and joined them. Parker realized that he was among the supervillains when Shocker appeared with an updated mask that Tinkerer created for him. The Black Lodge's Surgeon General asked Flying Tiger to help take down Spider-Man. Flying Tiger joined Puff Adder and Eel II in fighting the still-bandaged Spider-Man. During the fight, Flying Tiger tossed Spider-Man against a wall only to be later knocked out by Spider-Man. Upon Firebrand setting the building on fire, Spider-Man got Flying Tiger and Eel's bodies out of the building.
During the "" storyline, Flying Tiger was an inmate of Pleasant Hill, a gated community established by S.H.I.E.L.D.
Flying Tiger later appears as a member of Baron Helmut Zemo's "New Masters" alongside fellow villains Firebrand and Plantman II. They later encounter Steve Rogers, the original Captain America, Free Spirit and Jack Flag. During the fight, Flying Tiger is defeated by Jack Flag.
During the "Hunted" storyline, Flying Tiger is among the animal-themed characters captured by Taskmaster and Black Ant for Kraven the Hunter's Great Hunt that is sponsored by Arcade's company Arcade Industries. He was shown being grabbed by one of the Hunter-Bots created by Arcade Industries while trying to flee.
Equipment.
Flying Tiger wears body armor under a tiger costume and is capable of powered flight. He also has enhanced strength, durability and endurance, and a set of claws.


Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia

The Yugoslav order of battle before the invasion of Yugoslavia includes a listing (or order of battle) of all operational formations of the Royal Yugoslav Army (, VKJ), Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (, VVKJ) and Royal Yugoslav Navy (, KJRM) immediately prior to the World War II invasion of that country in April 1941.
The VKJ consisted of 33 divisions and a significant number of smaller formations, but due to tentative and incomplete mobilisation, only seven divisions and four smaller formations are known to have been at close to fighting strength and in their planned deployment locations when the German-led Axis assault commenced on 6 April 1941. The Yugoslav defence plan involved placing the bulk of its land forces close to its borders, with very limited strategic reserves in depth. Almost all of the divisions that had been effectively mobilised were concentrated in the 3rd Army Group deployed in the east of the country along the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border. Most of the heavy weapons and armoured vehicles available to the VKJ were obsolete, most formations were heavily reliant on animal-powered transport, and the VKJ had only 50 tanks that could engage front line German tanks on an equal basis.
By 6 April 1941, the VVKJ had been almost completely mobilised, and consisted of four air brigades with more than 423 aircraft of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French, Czech and British design, including 107 modern fighter aircraft, and 100 modern medium bombers. Other than a small number of locally made Rogožarski IK-3 fighters, almost all the modern aircraft available to the VVKJ were of German, Italian or British design for which limited spares and munitions were available.
The KJRM consisted of a flotilla of river monitors based on the Danube and a small fleet based in several ports along the Adriatic coast. The blue-water navy centred on a flotilla leader, three smaller destroyers, four obsolescent submarines and a gunboat, supplemented by minelayers and torpedo boats. Some of the smaller vessels in the Yugoslav fleet had been inherited from the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire following World War I and were obsolete.
Royal Yugoslav Army.
At the time of the invasion, the Royal Yugoslav Army (, VKJ) consisted of 29 infantry divisions, three horse cavalry divisions, and a divisional-sized mountain detachment. There were also a significant number of independent infantry, cavalry, mountain, and combined arms brigades, infantry and cavalry regiments and fortress troops, as well as 17 border guard battalions. The Commander-in-chief of the VKJ was the 17-year-old King Peter II, and the Chief of the General Staff was the Prime Minister, "Armijski đeneral" Dušan Simović. The Yugoslav defence plan positioned almost all land forces close to its borders, with very limited strategic reserves in depth. The VKJ was heavily reliant on animal-powered transport, mainly oxen, and had only 50 relatively modern Renault R35 tanks that could fight German tanks on an equal footing, although these were only just being formed into a unit at the time of the invasion. The VKJ was organised into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Army Groups, the independent 5th and 6th Armies and the Coastal Defence Command. The General Headquarters of the VKJ maintained command over five infantry divisions and a large number of smaller infantry, engineer and artillery units, as well as the only operational tank battalion. Each Army Group and independent Army was supported by an air reconnaissance group attached from the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (VVKJ). As mobilisation had been tentative and partial, many divisions were still in the process of mobilisation on 6 April 1941. The VKJ order of battle on 6 April 1941 is detailed below as provided by Niehorster.
1st Army Group.
The 1st Army Group was commanded by "Armijski đeneral" Milorad Petrović. It consisted of the 4th Army of "Armijski đeneral" Petar Nedeljković, responsible for the Yugoslav-Hungarian border and deployed behind the Drava between Varaždin and Slatina, and the 7th Army of "Divizijski đeneral" (Major General) Dušan Trifunović, which was responsible for the defence of the northwestern border with Italy and the Third Reich.
4th Army support units included one motorised heavy artillery regiment, one artillery regiment, a motorised anti-aircraft battalion, six border guard battalions, and the 4th Air Reconnaissance Group comprising eighteen Breguet 19s was attached from the VVKJ and was based at Velika Gorica just south of Zagreb. The 7th Army was supported by one artillery regiment and the 6th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Brežice, northwest of Zagreb.
2nd Army Group.
The 2nd Army Group was commanded by "Armijski đeneral" Milutin Nedić, and consisted of "Armijski đeneral" Milan Rađenković's 1st Army, responsible for the area between the Danube and the Tisza, and the 2nd Army of "Armijski đeneral" Dragoslav Miljković, responsible for the border from Slatina to the Danube. There was no Army Group reserve, but the 2nd Army was to constitute a reserve consisting of the 10th Infantry Division "Bosanska" deployed south of Brod.
The 1st Army was supported by one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, and the 1st Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of fifteen Breguet 19s based at Ruma, just west of Sremska Mitrovica. 2nd Army support units comprised one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, one border guard battalion, and the 3rd Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Staro Topolje just east of Brod.
3rd Army Group.
The 3rd Army Group was commanded by "Armijski đeneral" Milan Nedić. It consisted of "Armijski đeneral" Ilija Brašić's 3rd Army, responsible for the border with Albania between Lake Ohrid to Lake Skadar, and the 3rd Territorial Army of "Armijski đeneral" Jovan Naumović, which was responsible for the eastern sector of the Greek border and a sector along the Bulgarian border. The Army Group reserve consisted of the 22nd Infantry Division "Ibarska", deployed around Skopje.
3rd Army support units included one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft battalion, eight border guard battalions, and the 5th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of fourteen Breguet 19s based at Tetovo west of Skopje. The 3rd Territorial Army was supported by one motorised heavy artillery regiment.
5th Independent Army.
The 5th Independent Army was commanded by "Armijski đeneral" Vladimir Čukavac, and had responsibility for the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border.
The support units of the 5th Independent Army were two motorised heavy artillery regiments, an anti-aircraft battalion, two border guard battalions, and the 2nd Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of sixteen Breguet 19s based at Šarlince south of Niš.
6th Independent Army.
The 6th Independent Army was commanded by "Armijski đeneral" Dimitrije Živković, and was originally intended to form the strategic reserve for the VKJ. It was deployed around Belgrade and in the Banat region east of the Tisza. It held two infantry divisions in reserve in the lower Morava valley.
The 6th Independent Army was supported by an anti-aircraft battalion and the 7th Air Reconnaissance Group consisting of eighteen Breguet 19s based at Smederevska Palanka.
Coastal Defence Command.
Coastal Defence Command was commanded by "Armijski đeneral" Živko Stanisaviljević, and was responsible for the defence of the Adriatic coast from the Bay of Kotor to Gospić.
Coastal Defence Command was supported by a heavy artillery regiment and an anti-aircraft battalion, and a coastal reconnaissance squadron of four aircraft based near Mostar.
General Headquarters Direct Command.
General Headquarters of the VKJ maintained direct command of five infantry divisions, four independent infantry regiments, two motorised engineer regiments and one tank battalion. A further tank battalion was being formed at the time of the invasion. It also had at its disposal two motorised heavy artillery regiments, fifteen artillery battalions, two anti-aircraft battalions and five independent anti-aircraft companies.
Major equipment.
In April 1941, a significant amount of obsolete equipment was in service with the VKJ, much of which was of World War I vintage. For example, of the 7,000 artillery pieces, less than 60 per cent were relatively modern, and only 50 of the tanks on hand were of comparable quality to front line German tanks. The army inventory included the following major items of equipment:
Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force.
By April 1941, due to the difficulties Yugoslavia had faced in sourcing aircraft, the Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (, VVKJ) was equipped with 11 different types of operational aircraft, 14 types of training aircraft, and five types of auxiliary aircraft. These aircraft used 22 different engines, four different machine guns and two models of aircraft cannon. This made the training, supply and maintenance of the VVKJ quite problematic. The VVKJ was organised into a headquarters, four air brigades and one naval brigade. Its order of battle on 6 April 1941 is detailed below as provided by Shores, Cull and Malizia, the most detailed work available on the subject.
Air Force Headquarters.
The VVKJ was commanded by "Brigadni General" (Brigadier) Borivoje Mirković, from his headquarters at Lješnica, and had two air groups and one independent squadron under its direct command. Niehorster includes the VVKJ transport group and the air training school as under the direct command of Army Air Force Headquarters, and they have been shown here for completeness.
1st Fighter Brigade.
The 1st Fighter Brigade was commanded by "Pukovnik" (Colonel) Dragutin Rupčić, whose headquarters was at Zemun. It consisted of the 2nd and 6th Fighter Regiments and a liaison squadron.
2nd Mixed Air Brigade.
The 2nd Mixed Air Brigade was commanded by "Pukovnik" Jakov Đorđević, whose headquarters was at Nova Topola. It consisted of the 4th Fighter Regiment, the 8th Bomber Regiment, and a liaison squadron.
3rd Mixed Air Brigade.
The 3rd Mixed Air Brigade was commanded by "Pukovnik" Nikola Obuljen, whose headquarters was at Stubol. It consisted of the 3rd Bomber Regiment, 5th Fighter Regiment, and a liaison squadron.
4th Bomber Brigade.
The 4th Bomber Brigade was commanded by "Pukovnik" Petar Vukčević, whose headquarters was at Ljubić. It consisted of the 1st and 7th Bomber Regiments and a liaison squadron.
Aircraft types.
The Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force inventory in April 1941 included more than 423 aircraft of Yugoslav, German, Italian, French, Czech and British design, in addition to 20 largely civilian transport aircraft which had been pressed into military service. Of these, 107 of the fighter aircraft were of modern design, the remainder were not capable of meeting front line Axis aircraft on close to equal terms, and were therefore considered obsolete. Some bomber and reconnaissance aircraft were also considered obsolete for the same reason.
Between 6 and 17 April 1941, the VVKJ took receipt of additional aircraft, including eight Hawker Hurricane Mk Is, six Dornier Do 17Ks, four Bristol Blenheim Mk Is, two Icarus IK-2s, one Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3 and one Rogožarski IK-3.
Royal Yugoslav Navy.
The Royal Yugoslav Navy (, KJRM) was small, with its largest ships being an obsolete former German light cruiser (used as a gunnery training ship), one flotilla leader, and three smaller "Beograd"-class destroyers. The Chief of the Naval Staff was Rear-Admiral M.L. Polić, and the personnel of the KJRM comprised about 611 officers and 8,562 men. The KJRM was organised into Riverine and Lake Forces, the Maritime Air Force, Naval Coastal Command, three torpedo divisions, the Submarine Division, and a grouping of miscellaneous and training vessels.
Riverine and Lake Forces.
The Riverine and Lake Forces of the KJRM were headquartered on the Danube river in Novi Sad, and were organised into the River Flotilla and three Lake Detachments. Each division of the River Flotilla except the Monitor Division included one or more mobilised customs motorboats.
The Lake Ohrid Detachment was based at Ohrid and consisted of two river gunboats, "Graničar" and "Stražar", and one or more mobilised customs motorboats. The Lake Prespa Detachment was based at Asamati, and it is unclear where the Lake Skadar Detachment was based. Both of the latter detachments consisted of one or more mobilised customs motorboats.
Maritime Air Force.
The Maritime Air Force was headquartered at Kaštel Lukšić near Split, and consisted of three Hydroplane Commands each of regimental strength.
Naval Coastal Command.
The Naval Coastal Command of the KJRM was organised into three sectors along the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia.
Torpedo Divisions.
The 1st Torpedo Division consisted of the flotilla leader "Dubrovnik" and two of the three "Beograd"-class destroyers, and was based at Kotor. The remaining "Beograd"-class destroyer, "Ljubljana", was under repair at Šibenik at the time of the invasion. The 2nd and 3rd Torpedo Division consisted of torpedo boats, and were both based at Šibenik.
Submarine Division.
The Submarine Division was based in Kotor, and consisted of the submarine tender "Hvar" and four ageing submarines of British or French manufacture.
Miscellaneous vessels.
The KJRM included several miscellaneous vessels that were not allocated to a particular division. They included the gunnery training ship "Dalmacija", the gunboat "Beli Orao" and the converted seaplane tender/minelayer "Zmaj".


Order of battle of the Battle of Long Island

The Battle of Long Island was a significant British victory in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War over American forces under the command of Major General George Washington, and the opening battle in a successful British campaign to gain control of New York City in 1776. The Americans had lined New York's harbor with various levels of entrenchment and fortification, which were defended by an array of Continental Army forces and militia companies from New York and nearby states. After the British made an unopposed landing on Long Island in mid-August, Washington reinforced forward positions in the hills of central Brooklyn.
The British forces were led by Lieutenant General William Howe, and included veterans of the Siege of Boston, new regiments from Ireland, and hired German troops from Hesse-Kassel. On August 27, 1776, Howe made a successful flanking maneuver around the American left while occupying the American right with diversionary battle. As a result, a significant portion of the American army became entrapped and surrendered after its retreat to the entrenched position was cut off. With a siege of the position looming, General Washington successfully withdrew his remaining army to Manhattan in the early hours of August 29.
British and Hessian forces.
The British Army at the start of the campaign was drawn from three sources. The first was troops that had been in the Siege of Boston, which ended when the British evacuated their troops from the city to Halifax, Nova Scotia in March 1776. The second was new levies raised in the British Isles, including a significant number of Irish troops. The third was troops provided by several small German principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. After the war broke out in 1775, the British government realized that it would need more troops than it could raise on its own to fight the war, so it sought to hire troops from willing third parties in Europe. Only a few German rulers were willing to provide troops. The single largest contingent, with more than 12,000 arriving in North America in 1776, came from the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel. All of the German troops with the British at the start of the New York campaign were from Hesse-Kassel, and were under the command of Lt. Gen. Leopold Philip von Heister. A regiment from Waldeck that was also destined for the New York theater did not arrive until after Manhattan was occupied.
Some of the troops sent from Europe had first been directed at operations in the southern colonies, under the direction of Lt. Gen. Henry Clinton. The expedition attempted to occupy Charleston, South Carolina, but was repulsed in the June Battle of Sullivan's Island; it then sailed for New York to join the army as it gathered on Staten Island in July and August. Clinton served as General Howe's second in command.
It was common practice at this time for regiments of the British Army to include companies of light infantry and grenadiers, composed of troops with specialized abilities and training. When an army was assembled, these companies were often separated from their regiments and formed into separate light infantry and grenadier battalions.
The Royal Navy, despite dominating the harbor, played only a limited role in the battle. HMS "Roebuck" penetrated as far as Red Hook on August 26, but her guns never came within range of American positions. The navy did provide some logistical support for the battle. It resupplied General James Grant's troops with gunpowder and ammunition late in the battle, and also landed 2,000 Royal Marines to share in the victory.
The primary source for this data is a return of troops prepared by General Howe on August 22, 1776, five days before the battle, and presented by historian David Hackett Fischer. Howe's report did not include a breakdown of individual unit sizes. Although a more detailed return for August 27 appears to have once existed, none of the listed sources reproduces it. According to a summary of that return, the strength of the British land forces under Howe's command was 24,464 fit for duty. This number does not include a brigade of Loyalists raised by Oliver De Lancey, Sr., or the marines, who were not under Howe's command. Howe's headcount, including officers and those unfit for duty, came to 31,625. The casualty figures for British units are from a casualty-only return prepared by General Howe, reprinted by Field. It includes a detailed breakdown by unit of British casualties, and a summary of Hessian casualties.
Royal Navy.
Although the Royal Navy squadron in New York were not directly involved in the battle, the ships in the area were:
American forces.
The troops arrayed to oppose the British were primarily from regiments of the Continental Army, although there were a large number of militia units from New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania in the field as well. A significant number of the Continentals had participated in the Siege of Boston, after which they had moved to join troops already in New York preparing its defenses. Some troops had participated in the expeditions against Quebec begun in fall 1775. That attempt ended in June 1776 after a disastrous retreat to Fort Ticonderoga prompted by the arrival of a large British force at Quebec City, and some of those troops were then rushed south to assist in New York. The American defense of Long Island became complicated when Major General Nathanael Greene fell ill on August 15. He had directed the defense work on Long Island, and was thus the general most familiar with the terrain. Washington replaced him on August 20 with Major General John Sullivan, lately returned from Ticonderoga. After sending reinforcements onto Long Island on August 25, Washington replaced Sullivan with the ranking major general, Israel Putnam. David Hackett Fischer observes that the American command situation was "[s]o tangled [...] that units were uncertain about their commanders and not sure of the positions they were to defend."
The basis for this order of battle is a return prepared by General Washington on August 3. It encompasses all of the units stationed in the New York area, not only those involved in the battle. The total provided is a listing of "all" troops, not just those listed as ready for duty. A substantial number of troops were sick during July and August. For example, General William Heath, writing in his memoirs, recorded that about 10,000 men were sick on August 8, and Washington reported on September 2 having fewer than 20,000 men present and fit for duty. Later returns were apparently impossible: Washington wrote to Congress on August 26 that "[t]he shifting and changing which the regiments have undergone of late has prevented their making proper returns, and of course puts it out of my power to transmit a general one of the army."
The notes for each unit give some indication of where it was stationed, and what sort of movements it made, especially between August 22 and 29, a time period in which there were several significant movements and reassignments of troops. A number of units were moved from Manhattan to Long Island after the British landing on Long Island, and more were sent over during and after the fighting to bolster the defenses before they were finally abandoned on August 29.
Detailed American casualties are not available because many of the relevant records were destroyed by fire in 1800. British and Hessian estimates placed the total American losses at around 3,000, and a return prepared by General Howe listed 1,097 prisoners, including Generals John Sullivan, Lord Stirling, and Nathaniel Woodhull. Casualty numbers for specific units are rare; historian John Gallagher has compiled a partial listing confirming 1,120 killed or missing, noting that returns for 52 of 70 units under Washington's command are missing. The Maryland Regiment of William Smallwood was virtually wiped out, suffering 256 killed and more than 100 captured out of a unit numbering nearly 400. Casualty figures are listed as notes if they are available for a given unit.


Leves

Leves (Singular: "Levis") were javelin-armed skirmishers in the army of the early Roman Republic. They were typically some of the youngest and poorest men in the legion, and could not afford much equipment. They were usually outfitted with just a number of light javelins and no other equipment. There were 300 leves in a legion, and unlike other infantry types they did not form their own units, but were assigned to units of "hastati" — heavier sword-armed troops. Their primary purpose on the battlefield was to harass the enemy with javelin fire and support the heavy infantry who fought in hand-to-hand combat. "Accensi" and "rorarii" were also light missile troops and had similar roles.
History and deployment.
"Leves" appear to have evolved from the old poor classes of the army under the Etruscan kings when it was reformed by Marcus Furius Camillus ca. 386 BC. These soldiers stood at the rear of a very large phalanx and were equipped in a similar manner to "leves". They provided missile support to the richer hand-to-hand infantry in the front ranks, and also acted as a screening force. It is probable that engagements with the Samnites and a crushing defeat at the hands of the Gallic warlord Brennus, who both used many smaller military units rather than a few very large ones, taught the Romans the importance of flexibility and the inadequacy of the phalanx on the rough, hilly ground of central Italy.
Camillan system.
By the 4th century BC the military the Romans had inherited from the Etruscans was still in use. Though its efficiency was doubtful, it proved effective against Rome's largely local adversaries. When Gauls invaded Etruria in 390 BC, the inhabitants requested help from Rome. The small contingent Rome sent to repel the Gallic invaders provoked a full-scale attack on Rome. The entire Roman army was destroyed at the Battle of the Allia in a crushing defeat that prompted reforms by Marcus Furius Camillus. Under the new system, men were sorted into classes based on wealth; the "leves" were some of the poorest, along with the "rorarii" and "accensi". "Leves" typically carried a number of light javelins and a simple round shield about 90 cm (3 feet) in diameter. The larger rectangular "Scutum" was sometimes carried by those soldiers who could afford it. They fought in a loose formation, often forming up at the front of the army before battle to pepper the enemy with missiles.
Under this organisation, the 300 leves were attached to units of "hastati", heavy sword armed troops, rather than forming their own units. In a pitched battle, the leves would form up at the front of the legion and harass the enemy with javelin fire to cover the advance of the "hastati" and other heavy infantry. The equites, cavalrymen, were used as flankers and to pursue routing enemies. The "rorarii" and "accensi" in the final battle line were used in a support role, providing mass and reinforcing wavering areas of the line.
Polybian system.
The Camillan system of organisation proved inefficient, in part due to the relatively large number of light troops, and sometime in the mid-3rd century BC, was restructured. In a new system, described by Polybius, the different types of light troops were done away with and replaced by a single skirmisher class, the "velites". Their equipment and role was very similar to that of the "leves", to harass the enemy with missile fire and support friendly troops.


Machete (comics)

Machete is the name of a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Also known as Ferdinand Lopez, the character has been a member of Batroc's Brigade and Doom's Brigade. He was also a former revolutionary of San Diablo in South America. He became a mercenary to finance a revolution but is reportedly killed by Zeitgeist. He first appeared in "Captain America" #302.
Fictional character biography.
Fernando Lopez was born in the country of San Diablo. He became a revolutionary, and later a mercenary. He joined Batroc's Brigade. He then first battled Captain America alongside Batroc's Brigade. He next battled Hawkeye alongside Batroc's Brigade, which had been hired for that purpose by Trickshot.
Later, Machete was employed by Baron Zemo with the assistance of Batroc's Brigade to steal the skeleton of Ulysses Bloodstone. Machete traveled to the Amazon Jungle with Batroc's Brigade, and was captured by Incas. Machete battled the Incas alongside Batroc's Brigade, Zemo, Captain America, and Diamondback. Machete then battled Captain America alongside Batroc's Brigade. Machete traveled to the Bermuda Triangle, where he battled Captain America again alongside Batroc's Brigade. He traveled to Egypt alongside Batroc's Brigade in search of the Bloodstone fragment. He traveled to Tokyo alongside Batroc's Brigade. There, he battled Japanese cultists for possession of another Bloodstone fragment.
Fernando's brothers, Alfonso and Mariano Lopez, have also each briefly taken on the role.
Powers and abilities.
Fernando Lopez is an athletic man with no superhuman powers. He is an expert with bladed weapons and the throwing of such weapons. For instance, when he attacked Captain America with the intent of stealing his shield, Machete was able to specifically destroy the superhero's shield's internal holding straps while he was wielding it by them in combat, which made the shield much more cumbersome for Captain America to use. He has extensive knowledge of guerilla warfare tactics.
Machete wore a bulletproof Kevlar flak jacket with a variety of pockets and pouches for carrying various weapons, particularly throwing-knives. He wore custom-made combat boots with additional weapons pouches; the remainder of his costume consisted of conventional military surplus items. Machete carried a variety of specially manufactured weighted steel throwing knives, two three-foot machetes, and other items as necessary. Additionally, his costume's gloves were equipped with strong electromagnets to help him retrieve his weapons in case he was disarmed.
Other versions.
House of M.
In this reality, Machete is a member of Shang-Chi's Dragons criminal organization, alongside, Mantis, Zaran and Swordsman.
In other media.
Machete appears in the video game "Spider-Man and Captain America in Doctor Doom's Revenge" (1989).


Rodrigo de Villandrando

Rodrigo de Villandrando (died c. 1457) was a Spanish routier from Castile and mercenary military leader in Gascony during the final phase of the Hundred Years' War. He was famous for his pillaging and was consequently known as the Emperor of Pillagers ("empereur des brigands") or L'Écorcheur (the slaughterer).
Originally from Biscay, he was the son of Pedro de Villandrando and Agnes de Corral. He became count of Ribaldo and Valladolid. Around 1410 he arrived in France and was admitted into the company of Amaury de Séverac. He rose to become captain of the routiers, veritable mercenaries in the pay of the seneschal or various other powerful lords and even bishops. When his protector Amaury died in 1427, he entered the service of Charles VII of France. In 1428 he was joined by Juan Salazar, who became his lieutenant. In his early career he is known to have pillaged Treignac, Meymac, and Tulle.
On 11 June 1430 he participated in the Battle of Anthon with around 400 men armed with such prosaic devices as billhooks, sledge hammers, and spades. He participated on the side of the French king against Louis II of Chalon-Arlay, Prince of Orange and a vassal of Philip the Good.
In 1431 he was rewarded by John II of Aragon with the county of Ribadeo and the right to eat at his table once a year. That same year he pillaged Saint-Clément-de-Régnat and was employed by the French to put down a peasant rebellion, which he did by massacring the refugees at Saint-Romain-le-Puy. In September 1432 his routiers, in the pay of Georges de la Trémoille, held Les Ponts-de-Cé against the assaults of Jean V de Bueil. Around 1433, at the height of his power, he had around 10,000 mercenaries, mostly Englishmen called "Rodrigoys", under his command and he was the terror of the countryside of the Médoc, where his men habitually held the petty lords of the region for ransom and forced protection money from the populace; they were constantly pillaging and ransacking the bastides. In 1433 he took the castle of Lagarde Viaur and held it for a very high ransom. In the late 1430s he pillaged Bor-et-Bar, Salers, and Laparade.
On 24 May 1433 he married Margaret, the half-sister of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, and illegitimate daughter of Duke John I. For 6,000 "écus" he bought the castles of Ussel and then Châteldon from his brother-in-law. Between 1434 and 1439 he was subsequently installed in the fortress of Montgilbert.
In 1436 his men pillaged Cordes; in 1438 Lauzun, Fumel, Issigeac, and Blanquefort were hit. In 1437 his men violently despoiled the furriers of Charles VII at Hérisson. In 1438 he joined French forces under Charles II of Albret and Poton de Xaintrailles and embarked on a "chevauchée" in the Bordelais and Médoc. They were stopped only by the walls of Bordeaux itself.
In 1440 he fought with Charles of Bourbon against Charles VII in the revolt known as the Praguerie. In 1441 Changy and Pavie were pillaged by his men. In 1442 he again had the support of the French king for the depredation of northern Gascony. Later that year he and Albret threatened Bazas.
In 1443 a party of his men on the command of Salazar returned to Spain, plundering upper Languedoc and the Lauragais on the way. Banned thenceforward from the realm, Rodrigo returned to Spain, where he was made marshal of Castile. He willed his worldly goods to the church of Castile and retired from the world to a monastery, where he died sometime around 1457.


U.S. Army Aviation Battalion Japan

U.S. Army Aviation Battalion Japan ("Ninjas") is a U.S. Army military unit based at Camp Zama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Formerly the 78th Aviation Battalion (Provisional), It is equipped with UH-60L Black Hawks.
On April 1, 2013, the Department of the Army granted official battalion status, and the unit was renamed the United States Army Aviation Battalion Japan, resulting in internal structure changes and additional personnel authorizations.
The mission of the U.S. Army Aviation Battalion Japan “Ninjas” is to conduct aviation operations in support of the U.S. Army Japan and I Corps (Forward). The battalion is prepared to deploy in support of regional contingencies, joint/bilateral exercises, and regional stability and support operations. The U.S. Army Aviation Battalion Japan, conducts a variety of air movement and training support missions to include distinguished visitor transport, U.S. military and Department of Defense civilian transport, overwater/shipboard operations, humanitarian assistance/disaster relief, casualty evacuation, external sling-load operations, rappelling, airborne operations, helocasting, firefighting/water bucket operations, and aerial gunnery. The battalion has participated in many joint and bilateral exercises throughout the Pacific, such as Yama Sakura, North Wind, Orient Shield, Ulchi Focus Lens, Cobra Gold and Balikatan.


German Occupation Medals

The German Occupation Medals were a series of awards, also known as the "Flower War medals", created to commemorate the successive annexations by Nazi Germany of neighbouring countries and regions with large ethnic German populations. These comprised Austria (March 1938), the Sudetenland (October 1938) and Memel (March 1939). The occupation of the remainder of western Czechoslovakia (March 1939) was marked by the 'Prague Bar', worn on the ribbon of the Sudetenland Medal.
The awards.
All three medals have a common obverse designed by Professor Richard Klein, Director of the Munich School of Applied Arts and a favoured artist of the Nazi establishment.
The criteria for each of the medals and the Prague bar were broadly the same. They were awarded to those, both military and civilian, who participated in or contributed to the occupation, including members of the German Wehrmacht, German State officials and local Nazi supporters who had worked for union with Germany.
The wearing of Nazi era awards was banned in 1945. Occupation medals were not among those awards reauthorized for official wear by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957.
A Campaign streamer () in the colours of the appropriate medal ribbon could be attached to the flag of those regiments that had taken part in these occupations.


President of Katanga


Jim Klobuchar

James John Klobuchar ( ; April 9, 1928 – May 12, 2021) was an American journalist, author, columnist and travel guide from Minnesota. He wrote for the "Star Tribune" in Minneapolis for three decades, and wrote an occasional column for "The Christian Science Monitor". He was the father of Minnesota U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar.
Early life.
Klobuchar was born in Ely, Minnesota, the son of Mary (Pucel) and Michael Klobuchar. His grandparents were all from Slovenia, and the surname Klobučar means "hatter" in Slovenian. He earned an Associate of Arts degree from Ely Junior College (now Vermilion Community College) in 1948 and a Bachelor of Arts, "cum laude", from the University of Minnesota in 1950.
Career.
Klobuchar served in the United States Army from 1950 to 1952. He worked as a wire editor for the "Bismarck Tribune" in North Dakota in 1950 and as a legislative reporter from 1952 to 1953.
He worked as a staff writer for the Associated Press in Minneapolis from 1953 to 1961 and with the "Minneapolis Tribune" from 1961 to 1965. He became a columnist for the "Minneapolis Star" starting in 1965.
Personal life.
Klobuchar married Rose Heuberger August 7, 1954 and had two children, Amy and Meagan. They divorced in 1976.
During much of his life Klobuchar was an avid cyclist, and led the "Jaunt With Jim" group bicycle ride for 39 years.
Health and death.
Towards the end of Klobuchar's life, he had Alzheimer's disease. He died at a care facility in Burnsville, Minnesota on May 12, 2021, at age 93. Amy Klobuchar announced the death, saying about her father, "He loved journalism. He loved sports and adventure. And we loved him." Minnesota Governor Tim Walz also paid tribute, stating "Our press community lost a giant in Jim Klobuchar's passing." Plans were also made to bury him in the Fort Snelling National Cemetery.


Commodore (S)

In the British Royal Navy, a Commodore (S) or Commodore Submarines is an officer commanding the submarine flotillas of a fleet.


64th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The 64th Infantry Division "(64. Infanterie-Division)" was a infantry division of the Wehrmacht during World War II.
History.
The division was formed sometime before August 1944 in Cologne. It saw action at Battle of Abbeville and was isolated when the 15th Army left by Scheldt. Because of the division's commander, Kurt Eberding, to stay behind and fight the 2nd Canadian Corps resulting in the Breskens Pocket. Because of the battle the main army was able to organize the Ardennes Offensive.
Organization.
Organization of the Division:


Edgar Culbertson

Edgar A. Culbertson (October 13, 1935 – April 30, 1967) was a United States Coast Guard Boatswain's Mate First Class (BM1) who died while trying to rescue three teenage brothers during a fierce storm in Duluth, Minnesota.
Rescue.
Meteorologists and Minnesota residents often refer to April 30, 1967 as "Black Sunday," describing the 1967 Iowa–Minnesota tornado outbreak and heavy wind and rain in Duluth. During the storm, waves on Lake Superior in Duluth were reportedly over 20 feet high with water temperature around 36 degrees. Gale-force winds gusted to 45 mph.
Around 7:45 p.m., a witness reported to the Duluth Police Department that three boys (Eric, Nathan and Arthur Halverson) were at the end of the pier when one was washed into the water by a large wave. The other two were stranded at the end of the pier by high winds and waves. The police department contacted the Coast Guard lifeboat station in Duluth for assistance.
Culbertson was a 31-year-old native of Ferndale, Michigan, a veteran of the Korean War and had served in the Coast Guard since 1952. He and two other Coast Guardsmen, Boatswain's Mate 2nd Class Richard R. Callahan, 21, of Cicero, Illinois and Fireman Ronald C. Prei, 21, of St. Francis, Wisconsin, volunteered to attempt a rescue. After arriving at the pier, they tethered themselves together with a rope spaced 25 feet apart and began searching the pier with a lantern. They struggled to the end of the pier, but did not find the missing boys who had already been swept over the side.
As Culbertson, Callahan and Prei returned along the pier, another large wave crashed over the wall, knocking Culbertson over the side. His body was later found on the beach.
A permanent marker honoring Culbertson was placed on the pier by the Lake Superior Maritime Visitor Center near the spot where he perished. He is one of only two Coast Guardsmen to have died in the line of duty while serving in Minnesota on Lake Superior. EN3 Keith Brubaker fell overboard and perished on July 11, 1967 while serving the Coast Guard Station North Superior in Grand Marais, Minnesota.
A bronze plaque erected later in 1967 was removed in the early 1980s when the pier was widened and reinforced. Tom Mackay, then a captain for the Vista Fleet and president of the International Shipmasters Association (ISMA) Twin Ports Lodge #12, realized after the pier improvements were finished that the plaque had not been reinstalled. He rallied the ISMA for assistance and the plaque was found and reinstalled on the new pier.
Culbertson, Callahan and Prei were awarded the Coast Guard Medal, the highest peacetime medal awarded in recognition of heroism. At the time, it had only been awarded to 44 people.
Coast Guard Medal citation.
For heroism on the evening of April 30, 1967 while engaged in searching for two teen-age boys reportedly stranded at the Duluth Entry North Breakwater Light, Minnesota. Twin 16-year-old boys and a 17-year-old brother had been seen running along the jetty challenging the 10- to 15-foot waves when witnesses observed a huge wave sweep one boy into the water. When two boys were reported stranded at the light, Petty Officer CULBERTSON and two comrades volunteered to attempt the rescue. Lashing themselves together, the three men proceeded, with hand lanterns as the only illumination, to the end of the breakwater. Despite the high waves, winds gusting to 40 knots, driving rain and 36-degree water, the rescue party diligently searched the breakwater and light but found no trace of the boys. While returning to the beach a 20-foot wave swept Petty Officer CULBERTSON off his feet and hurled him up to and over the breakwater parapet into the sea. Despite the strenuous efforts of his teammates, Petty Officer CULBERTSON perished in this gallant rescue attempt. His outstanding courage, intrepidity, initiative, and unselfish actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Coast Guard.
Legacy.
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial.
Petty Officer Edgar Culbertson has been selected for inclusion on the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial in Washington, DC during National Police Week in May 2010. Culbertson will be the 17th member of the United States Coast Guard to receive this honor.
Namesake of a Coast Guard cutter.
On December 12, 2017, the Coast Guard announced that it planned to name its 37th Sentinel class cutter the USCGC "Edgar Culbertson".


Army Emergency Relief

Army Emergency Relief (AER), often referred to by the longer title "Army Emergency Relief Fund", is a non-profit, charitable organization independent of, but closely associated with the United States Army, founded in 1942. The organization is headquartered in Arlington, VA.
Mission.
The mission of the AER is to help US Army soldiers and their dependents, by providing emergency aid, in the form of either a direct grant (a cash gift, not to be repaid) or an interest-free loan, and by giving college scholarships to children of soldiers. Under Army regulations, officers must recommend whether their soldiers deserve aid.
Loans up to $1000 do not require command recommendation, and there is no limit to the amount of funds Army Emergency Relief may authorize. Officers are responsible for ensuring that their soldiers repay AER loans.
Assets, aid, and expenses.
In February 2009, the Associated Press reported that the AER had, between 2003 and 2007, distributed a total of $64 million in aid, an average of $13 million per year, while adding $117 million to its reserves, and reaching total assets of $345 million. AER ended 2007 with a $296 million in its investment portfolio of stocks and bonds. During that five-year period of 2003-2007, AER's emergency assistance consisted of 91 percent repayable loans and 9 percent direct grants. In 2008, AER gave out $5.5 million in emergency grants, $65 million in loans, and $12 million in scholarships, to a total of 72,000 people. For 2009, AER plans to reduce its total scholarships to $8 million.
As of early 2009, AER was paying for a staff of 21 people, all at its headquarters at the Army Human Resources Command in Alexandria, Virginia, with the Army paying 300 or so other civilians, located at ninety Army sites worldwide, who worked full-time for the AER. The Army also provides AER its office space at no charge.
Armed Forces Relief Trust.
In 2003, a new nonprofit organization, the Armed Forces Relief Trust, was formed with assistance from the National Association of Broadcasters.
The mission of the trust is to assist the four military aid societies - AER, the Air Force Aid Society, the Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society, and the Coast Guard Mutual Assistance, by providing a single place to receive donations for the entire U.S. Armed Services.


Jonah Edward Kelley

Jonah Edward "Eddie" Kelley (April 13, 1923 – January 31, 1945) was a United States Army soldier who received the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II.
Biography.
Kelley was born in Rada, West Virginia, on April 13, 1923, and grew up in nearby Keyser. He was the middle child and only son of Jonah and Rebecca Kelley; his two sisters were Beulah and Georgianna. A sports enthusiast, Kelley played football and basketball while attending Keyser High School and also participated in Boy Scouts and activities through his church, Grace United Methodist. After graduating from high school, he entered Potomac State College where he played on the football team until being drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943.
Sent to Germany, Kelley served as a staff sergeant with the 311th Infantry Regiment of the 78th Infantry Division. The division had been fighting for weeks to take the village of Kesternich, south east of Aachen, because occupation of the village would also give control of the nearby Roer River dams.
During intense house-to-house fighting on January 30, 1945, Kelley led a squad in repeated assaults on German-held buildings. Although he received two wounds, one of which disabled his left hand, he did not withdraw to seek medical attention but continued to lead his men. The next morning, he single-handedly sought out and killed a German gunner who was preventing his squad's advance before being killed while assaulting a second German position. For these actions, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor eight months later, on September 10, 1945.
Aged 21 at his death, Kelley was initially buried in Margraten, Netherlands. On March 26, 1946, his mother, Rebecca Kelley, wrote a letter to the Quartermaster's General Office, the War Department, requesting that they bring her son Eddie home to be properly buried. After three years of frustrating correspondence with the American Graves Registration division, the Kelley family finally received permission to repatriate Ed's body through the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot. In December 1948 his remains were returned to the U.S. and interred at Queens Point Cemetery in his hometown of Keyser.
Honors.
Several structures have been named in Kelley's honor. Located in the suburb of Moehringen in the southeast corner of Stuttgart, Germany, is a former German military facility that was renamed Kelley Barracks and is today the garrison for Africa Command. The U.S. Army named a transport ship USAT "Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley" in 1947. When the ship was transferred to the United States Navy in 1950, it became the . In 2006, legislation introduced to the West Virginia House of Delegates by Representatives Robert Schadler, Allen V. Evans, and Ruth Rowan, all of Mineral County, named a bridge on West Virginia Route 46 in Keyser in honor of Kelley. Construction on the "Staff Sergeant Jonah Edward Kelley Bridge" over New Creek began in November 2006. An Army Reserve facility at Fort Dix is named the SSG Jonah Kelley Center.
The J. Edward Kelley Society administers two awards available to people associated with Kelley's alma mater, Keyser High School. The Ed Kelley Award, established the year after Kelley's death and awarded annually ever since, is a scholarship available to students who played varsity basketball or football at the school for at least two years. The Legion of Honor, established in 1984, recognizes graduates who distinguished themselves in their careers and others who have supported the school in some way.
Military awards and decorations.
Staff Sergeant Jonah Edward Kelley's decorations and medals are the following:
Medal of Honor citation.
Kelley's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
In charge of the leading squad of Company E, he heroically spearheaded the attack in furious house-to-house fighting. Early on 30 January, he led his men through intense mortar and small arms fire in repeated assaults on barricaded houses. Although twice wounded, once when struck in the back, the second time when a mortar shell fragment passed through his left hand and rendered it practically useless, he refused to withdraw and continued to lead his squad after hasty dressings had been applied. His serious wounds forced him to fire his rifle with 1 hand, resting it on rubble or over his left forearm. To blast his way forward with hand grenades, he set aside his rifle to pull the pins with his teeth while grasping the missiles with his good hand. Despite these handicaps, he created tremendous havoc in the enemy ranks. He rushed l house, killing 3 of the enemy and clearing the way for his squad to advance. On approaching the next house, he was fired upon from an upstairs window. He killed the sniper with a single shot and similarly accounted for another enemy soldier who ran from the cellar of the house. As darkness came, he assigned his men to defensive positions, never leaving them to seek medical attention. At dawn the next day, the squad resumed the attack, advancing to a point where heavy automatic and small arms fire stalled them. Despite his wounds, S/Sgt. Kelley moved out alone, located an enemy gunner dug in under a haystack and killed him with rifle fire. He returned to his men and found that a German machinegun, from a well-protected position in a neighboring house, still held up the advance. Ordering the squad to remain in comparatively safe positions, he valiantly dashed into the open and attacked the position single-handedly through a hail of bullets. He was hit several times and fell to his knees when within 25 yards of his objective; but he summoned his waning strength and emptied his rifle into the machinegun nest, silencing the weapon before he died. The superb courage, aggressiveness, and utter disregard for his own safety displayed by S/Sgt. Kelley inspired the men he led and enabled them to penetrate the last line of defense held by the enemy in the village of Kesternich.


George T. Alexander

Staff Sergeant George T. Alexander Jr. (August 5, 1971 – October 22, 2005) was the 2,000th American soldier killed in combat in Iraq since the beginning of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, according to the Associated Press. He was serving as a crewman on a M2 Bradley combat vehicle when he was mortally wounded.
Alexander, an African-American, died October 22, 2005 at the Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas after being treated for injuries sustained five days earlier, when an improvised explosive device detonated near his M2 Bradley in the city of Samarra.
A 1989 graduate of Chilton County High School, Alexander spent two years working as a construction labourer before joining the military as Desert Storm began. At the time of his death, he was serving his third tour of duty in Iraq, assigned to the 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, of Fort Benning, Georgia.
He is survived by his wife Fina, and two children Jsai and Alexandria. His body was buried at the Agee Memorial Garden in Clanton, Alabama.
Media Attention.
The United States media noted this death above many others, as it was the 2,000th since the start of active combat, a number generally recognized as significant. Articles ran on such sites as CNN.com featuring the soldier. In contrast, the Pentagon downplayed the death — Lt. Col. Steven Boylan, a spokesman for the U.S. military in Iraq, told the Associated Press that "the 2,000 service members killed in Iraq supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom is not a milestone, it is an artificial mark on the wall set by individuals or groups with specific agendas and ulterior motives."
Alexander's death sparked Senators and Congressmen to debate the merits of the war again, something that had not been done in months, with Senators such as Dick Durbin making statements on the war. Peace activists cast the 2,000th combat death as a milestone in what they believe to be an unnecessary and unwinnable war. Immediately following the report of his death, six hundred anti-war protests and candlelight vigils were held in the United States on October 26, 2005.


643rd Transportation Detachment

The 643rd Transportation Detachment also known as 643rd Auto Cargo Documentation Detachment is a subordinate unit of the 1395th Transportation Battalion, 1394th Transportation Brigade that inherited the lineage of the Deployment Support Command.
Deployments.
2009 - Kuwait


Seven Days Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Seven Days Battles (from June 25 to July 1, 1862) of the American Civil War. Order of battle compiled from the army organization-return of casualties during the battle and the reports. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately.
Army of the Potomac.
MG George B. McClellan, Commanding
General Staff and Headquarters.
General Staff
General Headquarters
II Corps.
BG Edwin V. Sumner
III Corps.
BG Samuel P. Heintzelman (w - Glendale)
IV Corps.
BG Erasmus D. Keyes
V Corps.
BG Fitz J. Porter
VI Corps.
BG William B. Franklin
Artillery Reserve.
Col Henry J. Hunt


Powderkeg

Powderkeg is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Publication history.
Powderkeg first appeared in "Captain Marvel Special" #1 and was created by Dwayne McDuffie and Mark D. Bright.
Fictional character biography.
Little is known about the man who became Powderkeg. He was a mercenary hired to steal high-tech circuitry for Brazilian crime lord Kristina Ramos. He ran afoul of Captain Marvel II (Monica Rambeau) who had thought she lost her powers after stopping a mutated Marrina. She encounters Powderkeg and used her new powers to defeat him.
Powderkeg fights the Avengers during a failed mass prison escape occurring at the Vault ("Venom Deathrap: The Vault"). During the incident, he follows the leader of the breakout, Venom. Teamed with Mentallo and Vermin, they temporarily defeat Iron Man and Hank Pym. The entire breakout is soon neutralized by technological means, with energy pumped through Mentallo.
Powderkeg is later recruited by Doctor Octopus to join his incarnation of the Masters of Evil during the "Infinity War". The Masters of Evil confront the Guardians of the Galaxy in the Avengers Mansion. Everyone becomes embroiled in a fight against evil doubles of both teams. Magus, the villain behind the Infinity War, had recruited an army of super-powered doubles to defeat and absorb Earth's superpowered resistance.
Both groups work together to survive the assault. The doubles only stop apperearing with other forces stop the Magus. Doctor Octopus wants to continue his assault on the Mansion and on the Guardians. Powderkeg and his other allies are displeased with this, unwilling to turn on those who they had literally fought back to back with just minutes ago. The Masters turn on Octopus, pursuing him out of the Mansion.
At some point, Powderkeg is finally captured and imprisoned, where he would later team up with a number of other villains against the She-Hulk, although they are defeated.
He's appeared in "" as one of the patrons of the Bar With No Name.
At some point in time between then and the fall of Norman Osborn, he was captured and sent to The Raft, where, during a visit by the Avengers Academy, there was a power failure caused by Hazmat (on the team), allowing the prisoners to run riot. Powderkeg almost crushes Hazmat and Mettle, but the timely intervention of Tigra saved them. He is put back in his cell in the end.
Powers and abilities.
Powderkeg is superhumanly strong and highly resistant to injury. Further, he sweats a nitroglycerin-like compound which can detonate on impact, lending explosive force to his punches.
In other media.
Powderkeg receives a brief mention in the non-fiction book "From Krakow To Krypton". His fight with the Yancy Street Gang and Thing of the Fantastic Four is discussed.


Richard Boone

Richard Allen Boone (June 18, 1917 – January 10, 1981) was an American actor who starred in over 50 films and was notable for his roles in Westerns, including his starring role in the television series "Have Gun – Will Travel".
Early life.
Boone was born in Los Angeles, California, the middle child of Cecile (née Beckerman) and Kirk E. Boone, a corporate lawyer and 4th great-grandson of Squire Boone 1744-1815, a brother to frontiersman Daniel Boone. His mother was Jewish, the daughter of immigrants from Russia.
Richard Boone graduated from Hoover High School in Glendale, California. He attended Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, where he was a member of Theta Xi fraternity. He dropped out of Stanford prior to graduation and then worked as an oil-rigger, bartender, painter, and writer. In 1941 Boone joined the United States Navy and served on three ships in the Pacific during World War II, seeing combat as an aviation ordnanceman, aircrewman and tail gunner on Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers and ended his service with the rank of petty officer first class.
Acting career.
Early training.
In his youth, Boone had attended the San Diego Army and Navy Academy in Carlsbad, California, where he was introduced to theatre under the tutelage of Virginia Atkinson.
After the war, Boone used the G.I. Bill to study acting at the Actors Studio in New York.
Broadway.
"Serious" and "methodical," Boone debuted on the Broadway theatrical scene in 1947 with "Medea", starring Judith Anderson and John Gielgud; it ran for 214 performances. He was then in a production of "Macbeth" (1948).
Boone appeared in a short lived TV series based on the play "The Front Page" (1949–50), and on anthology series such as "Actor's Studio" and "Suspense."
He returned to Broadway in "The Man" (1950), directed by Martin Ritt, with Dorothy Gish; it ran for 92 performances.
Elia Kazan used Boone to feed lines to an actress for a film screen-test done for director Lewis Milestone. Milestone was not impressed with the actress, but he was impressed enough with Boone's voice to summon him to Hollywood, where he was given a seven-year contract with Fox.
20th Century Fox.
In 1950, Boone made his screen debut as a Marine officer in Milestone's "Halls of Montezuma" (1951). Fox used him in military parts in "Call Me Mister" (1951) and "" (1951). He had bigger roles in "Red Skies of Montana" (1952), "Return of the Texan" (1952), "Kangaroo" (1952) (directed by Milestone), and "Way of a Gaucho" (1952).
Kazan directed him in "Man on a Tightrope" (1953) and he had good parts in "Vicki" (1953), and "City of Bad Men" (1953)
In 1953, he played Pontius Pilate in "The Robe", the first Cinemascope film. He had only one scene in the film, in which he gives instructions to Richard Burton, who plays the centurion ordered to crucify Christ. Boone also appeared in the second Cinemascope film, "Beneath the 12-Mile Reef" (1953).
Boone made two films for Panoramic, who distributed through Fox: "The Siege at Red River" (1954) and "The Raid" (1954). He then left the studio.
"Medic".
During the filming of "Halls of Montezuma" he befriended Jack Webb, who was then producing and starring in "Dragnet". Boone appeared in the film version of "Dragnet" (1954).
Webb was preparing a series about a doctor for NBC. From 1954–56, Boone became a familiar face in the lead role of that medical drama, titled "Medic," and in 1955 received an Emmy nomination for Best Actor Starring in a Regular Series.
While on "Medic," Boone continued to appear in films and guest-star on television shows. He was cast in Westerns like "Ten Wanted Men" (1955) with Randolph Scott, "Man Without a Star" (1955) with Kirk Douglas, "Robbers' Roost" (1955) with George Montgomery, Battle Stations (1955) with John Lund, "Star in the Dust" (1956) with John Agar, and "Away All Boats" (1956) with Jeff Chandler.
He also guest-starred on "General Electric Theater", "Matinee Theatre" (a production of "Wuthering Heights" where he played Heathcliff), "Frontier", "Lux Video Theatre", "The Ford Television Theatre", "Studio One in Hollywood", and "Climax!".
Boone had one of his best roles in "The Tall T" (1957) with Randolph Scott. He co-starred with Eleanor Parker in "Lizzie" (1957) and was a villain in "The Garment Jungle" (1957).
"Have Gun – Will Travel".
Boone's next television series, "Have Gun – Will Travel", made him a national star because of his role as Paladin, the intelligent and sophisticated, but tough, gun-for-hire in the late 19th-century American West. The show had first been offered to actor Randolph Scott, who turned it down and gave the script to Boone while they were making the film "Ten Wanted Men." The show ran from 1957–63, with Boone receiving two more Emmy nominations, in 1959 and 1960.
During the show's run, Boone starred in the film I Bury the Living (1958) and appeared on Broadway in 1959, starring as Abraham Lincoln in “The Rivalry" which ran for 81 performances.
He occasionally did other acting appearances such as episodes of "Playhouse 90" and "The United States Steel Hour" and TV movie "The Right Man" (1960). He had a cameo as Sam Houston in "The Alamo" (1960), a starring role in "A Thunder of Drums" (1961) and narrated a TV version of "John Brown's Body".
Boone was an occasional guest panelist and also a mystery guest on "What's My Line?", the Sunday night CBS-TV quiz show. On that show, he talked with host John Charles Daly about their days working together on the TV show "The Front Page."
In 1963 he was injured in a car accident.
"The Richard Boone Show".
Boone had his own television anthology, "The Richard Boone Show". Although it aired only from 1963–64, he received his fourth Emmy nomination for it in 1964 along with "The Danny Kaye Show" and "The Dick Van Dyke Show." "The Richard Boone Show" won a Golden Globe for Best Show in 1964.
Hawaii.
After the end of the run of his weekly show, Boone and his family moved to Honolulu, Hawaii.
He would return to the mainland to appear in films like "Rio Conchos" (1964), "The War Lord" (1965) with Charlton Heston, "Hombre" (1967) with Paul Newman and an episode of "Cimarron Strip". The latter was the first time he guest starred on someone else's show and he did it as a favor for the director, friend Lamont Johnson. "It's harder and harder to do your best work on TV," he said.
In 1965, he came in third in the Laurel Award for "Rio Conchos" in Best Action Performance; Sean Connery won first place with "Goldfinger" and Burt Lancaster won second place with "The Train".
While he was living on Oahu, Boone helped persuade Leonard Freeman to film "Hawaii Five-O" exclusively in Hawaii. Prior to that, Freeman had planned to do "establishing" location shots in Hawaii, but principal production in Southern California. Boone and others convinced Freeman that the islands could offer all necessary support for a major TV series and would provide an authenticity otherwise unobtainable.
Freeman, impressed by Boone's love of Hawaii, offered him the role of Steve McGarrett; Boone turned it down, however, and the role went to Jack Lord, who shared Boone's enthusiasm for the region, which Freeman considered vital. Coincidentally, Lord had appeared alongside Boone in the first episode of "Have Gun – Will Travel," titled "Three Bells to Perdido."
At the time, Boone had shot a pilot for CBS called "Kona Coast" (1968), which he hoped CBS would adopt as a series ("I really don't want to do another series," he said "but I've been battling for three years to get production going in Hawaii and if a series will do it, I'll do it."), but the network went instead only with "Hawaii Five-O". "Kona Coast" – which Boone co produced – was released theatrically.
Films.
Boone then focused on films: "The Night of the Following Day" (1969) with Marlon Brando, "The Arrangement" (1969) with Douglas for Elia Kazan, "The Kremlin Letter" (1970) for John Huston, and "Big Jake" (1971) with John Wayne.
Boone did some TV movies, "In Broad Daylight" (1971), "Deadly Harvest" (1972) and "Goodnight, My Love" (1972). Around this time he moved to Florida.
"Hec Ramsey".
In the early 1970s, Boone starred in the short-lived TV series "Hec Ramsey," which Jack Webb produced for Mark VII Limited Productions, and which was about a turn-of-the-20th-century Western-style police detective who preferred to use his brain and criminal forensic skills instead of his gun. Ramsey had been a frontier lawman and gunman in his younger days, and, older now, he was the deputy chief of police of a small city in Oklahoma, still a skilled shooter and carrying a short-barreled Colt Single Action Army revolver.
Boone said to an interviewer in 1972, "You know, Hec Ramsey is a lot like Paladin, only fatter." This quote was often misinterpreted to mean that "Hec Ramsey" was a sequel to "Have Gun – Will Travel," when it actually was not.
Israel.
Boone starred in the 1970 film "Madron" (1970) the first Israeli-produced film shot outside Israel, set in the American West of the 1800s/ In that year, he accepted an invitation from Israel's Commerce Ministry to provide the Israeli film industry with "Hollywood know-how." In 1979, he received an award from Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin "for his contribution to Israeli cinema."
Final performances.
He starred in The Great Niagara (1974) and "Against a Crooked Sky" (1975) and supported John Wayne a third time, in Wayne's final film, "The Shootist" (1976).In the mid-1970s, Boone returned to The Neighborhood Playhouse in New York, where he had once studied acting, to teach.
Boone did "God's Gun" (1976) with Leif Garrett, Lee Van Cleef and Jack Palance. He appeared in "The Last Dinosaur" (1977) and "The Big Sleep" (1978), and provided the character voice of the dragon Smaug in the 1977 animated film version of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit".
Boone's last appearances were in "Winter Kills" (1979) and "The Bushido Blade" (1979).
Personal life.
Boone was married three times: to Jane Hopper (1937–1940), Mimi Kelly (1949–1950), and Claire McAloon (from 1951 until his death).
His son with McAloon, Peter, worked as a child actor in several of his father's "Have Gun – Will Travel" television shows.
Richard Boone moved to St. Augustine, Florida, from Hawaii in 1970 and worked with the annual local production of "Cross and Sword", when he was not acting on television or in movies, until shortly before his death in 1981. In the last year of his life, Boone was appointed Florida's cultural ambassador.
During the 1970s, he wrote a newspaper column for a small free publication called The Town and Traveler. His column was called "It Seems To Me". Some paper copies are in his biographical file at the St. Augustine Historical Society. He also gave acting lectures at Flagler College in 1972–1973. In his final role, Boone played Commodore Matthew C. Perry in "The Bushido Blade".
Death.
Richard Boone died at his home in St. Augustine, Florida, due to complications from throat cancer. His ashes were scattered in the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii.


Atlanta campaign Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Atlanta campaign of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.
This order of battle covers the period of May 7 – July 17, 1864. The period July 17 – September 8, 1864, is listed separately.
Military Division of the Mississippi.
MG William T. Sherman

Chief of Staff: BG Joseph D. Webster

Chief of Artillery: BG William F. Barry

Headquarters Guard: 7th Company Ohio Sharpshooters: Lieut. William McCrory
Army of the Cumberland.
MG George Henry Thomas

Chief of Artillery: BG John M. Brannan

Chief of Staff: BG William D. Whipple

Escort: Company I, 1st Ohio Cavalry: Lieut. Henry C. Reppert
IV Corps.
MG Oliver O. Howard
XIV Corps.
MG John M. Palmer
XX Corps.
MG Joseph Hooker
Cavalry Corps.
BG Washington Elliott, Chief of Cavalry, Army of the Cumberland
Army of the Tennessee.
MG James B. McPherson

Escort: 4th Company Ohio Cavalry; Company B, 1st Ohio Cavalry
XV Corps.
MG John A. Logan
XVI Corps.
MG Grenville M. Dodge

Escort: 1st Alabama Cavalry; Company A, 52nd Illinois
XVII Corps.
MG Francis P. Blair, Jr.

Escort: Company M, 1st Ohio Cavalry; Company G, 9th Illinois Mounted Infantry
Army of the Ohio (XXIII Corps).
MG John M. Schofield

BG Jacob Cox

Escort: Company G, 7th Ohio Cavalry
Strengths.
The following table shows total strengths of each of the major formations at several stages throughout the campaign.


Battle of Round Mountain

The Battle of Round Mountain was the first battle in the Trail of Blood on Ice campaign for the control of Indian Territory during the American Civil War and occurred on November 19, 1861. Its main purpose was to prevent Union supporters of the Creek Nation, led by Opothleyahola from fleeing Indian Territory to the protection of Union forces in Kansas.
The physical location of the battle is in dispute. Some historians believe it to be near Keystone while others contend that it is near Yale, Oklahoma. The event is sometimes referred to as the Battle of Red Fork.
Events.
Col. Douglas H. Cooper, Confederate commander of the Indian Department, was unable to reconcile differences with Opothleyahola, commander of a band of Unionist Creeks and Seminoles. Opothleyahola" group was estimated to number about seventeen hundred people, and also included some Union supporters from the Comanches, Delawares, Kickapoos, Wichitas, and Shawnees. Cooper set out on November 15, 1861, with about 1,400 men either to compel Opothleyahola 's submission or "drive him and his party from the country." Cooper's force rode up the Deep Fork of the Canadian River to find Opothleyahola's camp deserted. On November 19, Cooper learned from captured prisoners that part of Opothleyahola's band was erecting a fort at the Red Fork of the Arkansas River.
Cooper's men arrived there around 4:00 p.m. Charging cavalry discovered that Opothleyahola's followers had recently abandoned their camp. The Confederates located and followed stragglers; the 4th Texas blundered into Opothleyahola's warriors on the tree line at the foot of the Round Mountains. The Federal response chased the Confederate cavalry back to Cooper's main force. Darkness prevented Cooper's counterattack until the main enemy force was within . After a short fight, Opothleyahola's men set fire to the prairie grass and retreated.
The following morning, Cooper advanced on Opothleyahola's new camp but found that the Federal forces had fled. The Confederates claimed victory because Opothleyahola had left the area. The Confederates captured abandoned supplies, such as Opothleyahola's carriage, a dozen wagons, food, cattle and ponies. The Confederate loss in the engagement was 1 captain and 5 men killed, 3 severely and 1 slightly wounded, and 1 missing. Opothleyahola lost about 110 killed and wounded.
This was the first of three encounters between Opothleyahola's Union bands and Confederate troops. The Unionists were forced to flee to Kansas after the Battle of Chustenahlah at the end of the year.
Battle site controversy.
The site of this event has been disputed for many years, with two locations emerging as the leading choices. One is near the present day town of Yale, Oklahoma. The other is close to the former site of Keystone (which is now submerged by the waters of Keystone Lake. Angie Debo, a noted Oklahoma historian, wrote an article describing the evidence for and against each site. She concluded that the evidence pointed more strongly to the Yale site.
Order of battle.
Confederate.
"Cooper's Brigade" - Col. Douglas H. Cooper
Union.
"Creek and Seminole Indians" - Opothleyahola


Wolfpack Breslau

Breslau was the name given to a wolfpack of German U-boats that operated during the World War II Battle of the Atlantic in 1943 from 2 October 1941 to 29 October 1941.
Breslau.
The group was responsible for sinking 7 merchant ships (), 2 warships (2,795 tons) and 1 warship damaged (6,746 tons).


U-boat War Badge

The U-boat War Badge () was a German war badge that was awarded to U-boat crew members during World War I and World War II.
History.
The "U-boat War Badge" was originally instituted during the First World War on February 1, 1918. It was awarded to recognize U-boat crews who had completed three war patrols. The badge was worn on the lower left side of the uniform and was oval shaped resembling a wreath of laurel leaves. A submarine lay across the center and the German State Crown (Reichskrone) was inlaid at the top center of the wreath.
On October 13, 1939, the "U-boat War Badge" was reinstituted. It was very similar to the original badge with the exception of the imperial crown being replaced with a German Eagle above a swastika, and a more modernized submarine now facing towards the left was used. The new version was first made of bronze metal, with later ones made of zinc with a "gold wash".
Classes.
The award was bestowed in two classes:
U-Boat War Badge.
There were several ways to be awarded this medal. The most common would be the completion of two or more war patrols. Although the completion of two war patrols might seem a lowly requirement, but a typical U-boat war cruise would often run into months at a time. Completing two war patrols could be equally dangerous as the U-boat has to endure constant attacks by Allied aircraft and warships. The other occasion when this badge was awarded was having been wounded during a patrol or killed in action.
U-boat War Badge with Diamonds.
The "U-boat War Badge with Diamonds" was instituted by "Großadmiral" Karl Dönitz after he had received from Grand Admiral Erich Raeder a special solid gold version of the U-boat War Badge in which the wreath as well as the swastika were inlaid with diamonds.
The badge was a special issue award given to U-boat commanders who had received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. This version was made of gold plate over silver. Manufactured by the firms Schwerin u. Sohn and Gebr. Godet & Co. It was the same as the basic pattern but with nine small diamonds inlaid in the swastika. This award was more of a personal award by Dönitz. Approximately 30 were awarded, including the original one to Admiral Dönitz.


Erik Saar

A United States Army enlisted intelligence soldier, Sergeant Erik R. Saar was the co-author of the 2005 "Inside the Wire : A Military Intelligence Soldier's Eyewitness Account of Life at Guantanamo", together with Viveca Novak.
He had worked as an Arabic translator for six months from December 2002 to June 2003 at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps which he later described as a "dysfunctional facility where prisoner abuse was all but inevitable". He described faked interrogations, sexual interrogation techniques and physical assaults of prisoners.


285th Security Division (Wehrmacht)

The 285th Security Division ("285. Sicherungs-Division") was a rear-security division in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany. The unit was deployed in German-occupied areas of the Soviet Union, in the Army Group North Rear Area.
Operational history.
The division was formed in 1941, prior the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa. It operated in the occupied Baltic States and Northern Russia behind Army Group North's front lines. Its duties included security of communications and supply lines, economic exploitation and combatting irregular fighters (partisans) in Wehrmacht's rear areas.
The division was subordinated to Franz von Roques, commander of Army Group North Rear Area. Along with other security and police forces in the occupied territories, the division participated in war crimes against prisoners of war and civilian population. For the period from 22 June to 1 December 1941, the division reported 1,500 enemies "killed in battle" or shot as "partisans", for the loss of seven dead and eleven wounded.


John A. Chapman

John Allan Chapman (July 14, 1965 – March 4, 2002) was a Combat Controller in the United States Air Force who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor on August 22, 2018 for his actions in the Battle of Takur Ghar during the War in Afghanistan. He is the first airman to receive the Medal of Honor since the Vietnam War. Chapman was inducted into the Hall of Heroes on August 23, 2018, and posthumously promoted to Master Sergeant on the following day.
Chapman was also the first Air Force Combat Controller to be awarded the Air Force Cross before the award was subsequently upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Early life.
John Chapman was born July 14, 1965, in Springfield, Massachusetts, and grew up in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. In 1983 he graduated from Windsor Locks High School.
Military career.
Information Systems Operator.
Chapman enlisted in the United States Air Force on September 27, 1985, and was trained as an Information Systems Operator. Chapman's first assignment was with the 1987th Information Systems Squadron at Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado, where he served from February 1986 to June 1989.
Combat Control Operator.
Chapman then cross-trained into the Combat Control career field and served with the 1721st Combat Control Squadron at Pope Air Force Base, North Carolina, from August 1990 to November 1992.
His next assignment was as a Special Tactics Team Member with the 320th Special Tactics Squadron at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, from November 1992 to October 1995. Chapman's final assignment was with the 24th Special Tactics Squadron at Pope Air Force Base.
Operation Enduring Freedom.
On March 4, 2002, Chapman along with members of the United States Navy SEALs took part in Operation Anaconda.
A MH-47E Chinook, call-sign Razor 3 came under enemy fire, causing a Navy SEAL, PO1 Neil C. Roberts, to fall out during an insertion under fire. The helicopter landed away from where the SEAL was killed.
Once on the ground, Chapman provided directions to another helicopter to pick them up. After being rescued, Chapman and the team volunteered to rescue their missing team member from the enemy stronghold. Chapman charged forward, killing two enemy soldiers and advancing towards a defensive fighting position.
The team came under fire from three directions. Chapman exchanged fire from minimum personal cover and succumbed to multiple wounds. His engagement and destruction of the first enemy position and advancement to the second enabled his team to move to cover and break enemy contact. He is credited with saving the lives of the entire rescue team.
Air Force Cross upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
Chapman was posthumously awarded the Air Force Cross. The citation for the award reads:
Fourteen years after Chapman's death, Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James began pushing for a Medal of Honor, the military's highest award, after new technology that allowed a deeper analysis of video of the battle suggested Chapman regained consciousness and resumed fighting Al-Qaeda members who were coming toward him from three directions. Chapman may have crawled into a bunker, shot and killed an enemy charging at him, and then killed another enemy fighter in hand-to-hand combat.
Naval Special Warfare Command allegedly attempted to block Chapman's Medal of Honor, as it would result in an admission that they left Chapman behind. When it became apparent that it could not be blocked, it was further alleged that they put the commander of the operation, Britt K. Slabinski, up for the Medal of Honor, which he received in May 2018. Some time in March 2018, Chapman's family was notified that his Air Force Cross was to be upgraded to the Medal of Honor.
The citation accompanying his upgrade to the Medal of Honor reads as follows:
The ceremony took place Wednesday 22 August 2018. On 23 August 2018, Chapman was inducted into the Hall of Heroes during a ceremony at the Pentagon, which was attended by family and teammates. On 24 August 2018, Chapman was posthumously promoted to the rank of Master Sergeant and his name was added to the Medal of Honor wall at the Air Force Memorial.
Awards and decorations.
Chapman received the following awards and decorations:
Legacy.
Chapman's actions in the Battle of Takur Ghar were recorded from multiple angles from circling aircraft and are reported to be the first Medal of Honor actions ever recorded on video.
Dan Schilling and Chapman's sister, Lori Chapman Longfritz, wrote a book based on his Medal of Honor action titled "Alone at Dawn: Medal of Honor Recipient John Chapman and the Untold Story of the World's Deadliest Special Operations Force". It has also been optioned for a feature adaptation by Thruline Entertainment.
The Military Sealift Command logistics ship MV "TSgt John A. Chapman" (T-AK-323) was renamed in his honor in 2005.