Charles D. McAtee

Charles D. McAtee (July 8, 1928 – April 8, 2005) was a Marine Corps officer, FBI agent, director of Kansas prisons, attorney, and Republican candidate for both Congress and Kansas Attorney General.
Early life.
McAtee was born on July 8, 1928 to Lloyd M. McAtee and Grace V. Woodman. McAtee was raised two miles south of the Kansas-Nebraska border in Mahaska, a Washington County, Kansas town named by his grandfather.
The Great Depression hit about a year after McAtee was born. Their lender foreclosed on the McAtee family farm. His family was able to save the farm by raising turkeys and sheep, selling butter, cottage cheese and produce. This experience seems to have shaped McAtee’s political views at an early age.
McAtee graduated from Mahaska High School in 1946 and then enrolled at Washburn University. His parents helped him financially, but he earned cash by washing dishes in the school cafeteria and at the Kansas Beta Chapter of Phi Delta Theta, where he was a member. He also worked as a clerk at Helzberg's Jewelers and used some money he had saved from 4-H projects. In 2008, Phi Delta Theta announced a scholarship for Washburn students would bear his name.
McAtee graduated from Washburn with an undergraduate degree in political science and history on June 4, 1950. He also received a second lieutenant's commission in the United States Marine Corps Reserve.
U.S. Marine Corps.
McAtee, who had been in the Platoon Leaders program at Washburn, said he joined the Marine reserves because he wanted to fight the spread of communism. Three weeks after he was commissioned, war broke out in Korea when the north attacked the south. McAtee, who was enrolled in law school, had to withdraw and went on active duty in October 1950.
After receiving intensive training to become a combat lieutenant, he found himself in the Pusan Perimeter in South Korea, a tiny pocket of allied troops holding out against the North Koreans. At Pusan, he joined a line company in "G-3-7" – George Company in the 3rd Battalion of the 7th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division.
 During one particularly intense engagement, McAtee earned the lifelong admiration of his fellow Marines. On April 23, 1951 McAtee and his 3rd platoon of 43 Marines fought and won against the Chinese and North Korean troops. The Marines had crossed the 38th Parallel to enter North Korea. His platoon was ordered to dig in on the reverse side of a ridge rather on than the crest, usually the preferred position. A regiment of Chinese troops came down on McAtee's platoon. The enemy came over the ridgeline and became disoriented because the Marines weren't where the Chinese thought they would be. McAtee coordinated fire and ran from place to place to keep the machine guns and the riflemen coordinated. Dr. Jim Nicholson, then a machine gunner in the platoon, later was quoted, “He probably should have gotten a Navy Cross." During that encounter, McAtee was wounded by mortar shrapnel in the left leg.
After the Korean War, McAtee remained a committed supporter of his Marines. He was the legal officer for 1st Marine Division Association. He was also judge advocate for the General Lewis Walt Chapter of the Marine Corps League in Topeka and judge advocate of the Kansas Department of the Marine Corps League. McAtee was president of the Northeast Kansas Korean War Memorial, which was dedicated on July 4, 2003. McAtee was also a key supporter of the Topeka High School Junior ROTC program. He was also involved in the effort to clear the names and reinstate Admiral Husband Kimmel and General Walter Short who were demoted after the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
After leaving active duty in 1953, McAtee returned to law school at Washburn. McAtee graduated from law school in the fall of 1955.
Upon graduation from Washburn Law School, McAtee joined the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In a Topeka Capital-Journal story years later when he was running for Kansas Attorney General, McAtee said he wanted to join the FBI because he fought in Korea to stop communism, and that war ended in a stalemate. "I wanted to continue the fight against international communism." McAtee sought an assignment in New York to work in counterespionage, but instead was sent to Texas and later Montana.
In 1957, McAtee told an FBI official he was unhappy with his assignments because he wasn't in counterespionage. Within two weeks, he got a letter of censure from FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover for his attitude and 30 days later received an honorable discharge as a captain from U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, which was arranged by the FBI against his will.
McAtee remained in the FBI until December 31, 1959, when he resigned after being assigned to become a Polish-speaking FBI agent, which would have required him to stay in bureau for another four years.
Legal career.
Following the FBI were stints as an assistant U.S. attorney in Kansas and the pardon and parole attorney and administrative assistant to Kansas Governor John Anderson.
In the spring of 1961, McAtee was appointed the director of penal institutions (later renamed the secretary of corrections). As director, McAtee supervised the hanging executions of four men at Lansing State Penitentiary in April 1965.
During his time as director of penal institutions, McAtee came to know Perry E. Smith and Richard E. Hickock, killers of four members of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas who were slain on November 15, 1959. Smith and Hickock were immortalized in author Truman Capote's book In Cold Blood. McAtee left this position in 1969.
After serving as director of penal institutions, McAtee worked a second stint in the U.S. attorney's office in Kansas starting in 1969, this time as the first assistant U.S. attorney. He entered private practice in 1970 and was a partner in Eidson, Lewis, Porter and Haynes, a Topeka law firm, until 1989 when it dissolved. He next served as an attorney of counsel in Schroer, Rice, Wisler & Morton.
McAtee was one of two attorneys representing the Topeka school district when the Brown v. Board of Education case was reopened. After a six-week hearing in 1986 in U.S. District Court, District Judge Richard Rogers found the school district was substantially in compliance with the landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended racial segregation in American schools. The 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the decision and sent the case back to Rogers, who monitored it for another 13 or 14 years. Rogers then ruled the school district was in compliance and that decision was accepted.
During the course of his legal career, McAtee argued cases before the Kansas Court of Appeals, the Kansas Supreme Court and the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals and was admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court. He was listed in Best Lawyers in America, under the category of business litigation, since it was first published in 1983 and was rated "AV," the highest professional and ethical rating given, in the Martindale-Hubbell directory of attorneys in all states.
Political Campaigns.
In the 1964 primary election, McAtee ran fourth among four Republican candidates seeking the party's nomination for the 2nd Congressional District. In the August 1968 primary election for the attorney general's office, McAtee ran fourth in a field of six Republicans. He took another stab at politics in 1972, when he again ran for the 2nd Congressional District seat. McAtee beat Joan Finney, then a Republican, in the primary election. In the general election, McAtee got 63,000 votes to Democrat Bill Roy's 101,000 votes. He ran for the Republican nomination for Kansas Attorney General in 2002 finishing third.


Arthur Kronfeld

Arthur Kronfeld (January 9, 1886 – October 16, 1941) was a German-Jewish psychiatrist, and eventually a professor at the University of Berlin. His sister Maria Dronke found fame as an actor in New Zealand. Later in life, Kronfeld took up an important position in Moscow. On 10 October 1936, an exchange between Kronfeld and fellow exiled German-Jewish psychiatrist, James Lewin, was recorded in the proceedings of a meeting of the Moscow Society of Neuropathology and Psychiatry. It is believed Kronfeld and his wife committed suicide at the approach of German troops. However, there is some controversy on exactly how they died.


Kevin Hogg


Eli J. Richardson

Eli Jeremy Richardson (born 1967) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.
Biography.
Richardson received his Bachelor of Engineering from the Duke University and his Juris Doctor from Vanderbilt University Law School, where he served as a member of the "Vanderbilt Law Review". He currently serves as an adjunct professor at the Vanderbilt University Law School and previously taught trial advocacy at Belmont University College of Law. Before joining Bass, Berry & Sims, he served for twelve years in the Department of Justice, including four years as a Special Agent in the Federal Bureau of Investigation; seven years as an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey and the Middle District of Tennessee; and one year on detail as Resident Legal Advisor to Serbia. Prior to his judicial service, Richardson practiced law both at law firms, such as Bass, Berry & Sims, and in solo practice.
Federal judicial service.
On July 13, 2017, President Trump nominated Richardson to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, to the seat vacated by Judge Todd J. Campbell, who took senior status on December 1, 2016. On December 13, 2017, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee.
On January 3, 2018, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On January 5, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to renominate Richardson to a federal judgeship. On January 8, 2018, his renomination was sent to the Senate. On January 18, 2018, his nomination was reported out of committee by an 11–10 vote. On October 11, 2018, his nomination was confirmed by a 52–43 vote. He received his judicial commission on October 18, 2018.
Notable decisions.
In the 2019 case of Bennett v. Metro. Gov't of Nashville & Davidson Cty., Judge Richardson ruled in favor of a former dispatcher working in the Emergency Communication Center of the city of Nashville, Tennessee who had posted to facebook a comment reading: "Thank god we have more America loving rednecks. Red spread across all America. Even niggaz and latinos voted for trump too!!" Judge Richardson found that the plaintiff had a free speech right under the First Amendment to make such a post that outweighed any damage to the functioning of the Emergency Communication Center or the public trust in it. In October 2020, Judge Richardson's decision was overturned by unanimous decision of a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.


Baghar China airstrike

The Baghar China UAV strike () happened in the evening on 17 September 2008, when four missiles fired from a United States Air Force drone aircraft hit the village of Baghar China in the mountains of South Waziristan, in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, about 4 kilometres from the Afghan border and 55 kilometres west of Wana, the main town in the region and close to Angur Ada, the village that was raided by US commandos on 3 September. The missiles hit a militant training camp, killing five and injuring at least six people.
This was the sixth confirmed U.S. missile attack inside Pakistan since the end of August 2008, and comes two days after a Pakistan–U.S. standoff on 15 September 2008, in which Pakistani forces fired shots into the air, in order to deter U.S. forces from entering Pakistani territory. The incident came as the top US military commander, Admiral Michael Mullen met Pakistan's most senior army officer, General Ashfaq Kayani and prime-minister Yousuf Raza Gilani in Islamabad to discuss growing tension over US attacks along the border.


Margaret Wilson (Scottish martyr)

Margaret Wilson (c. 1667 – 11 May 1685) was a young Scottish Covenanter from Wigtown in Scotland who was executed by drowning for refusing to swear an oath declaring James VII (James II of England) as head of the church. She died along with Margaret McLachlan. The two Margarets were known as the Wigtown Martyrs. Wilson became the more famous of the two because of her youth. As a teenager, her faith unto death became celebrated as part of the martyrology of Presbyterian churches.
Background and arrest.
The Covenanter movement to maintain the reforms of the Scottish Reformation came to the fore with signing of the National Covenant of 1638 in opposition to royal control of the church, promoting Presbyterianism as a form of church government instead of an Episcopal polity governed by bishops appointed by the Crown. The dispute led to the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the overthrow of the monarchy. With the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 the Covenants were declared treasonable and Episcopacy was restored. Particularly in the south-west of Scotland, ministers refused to submit. Barred from their churches, they held open air field assemblies called conventicles which the authorities suppressed using military force.
Margaret Wilson was born at Glenvernoch, a farm near Newton Stewart in Wigtownshire. Her parents were dutiful Episcopalians, but her older brothers were Covenanters. By 1684 Covenanters were hiding from the authorities in the hills, and increasingly draconian action had ended the large conventicles. There were still small gatherings held indoors, but now failure to take a test of allegiance to the king, which required renouncing the Covenant, met with the death penalty, as did even attending a conventicle or harbouring Covenanters. Despite the risks, Margaret began attending conventicles with her younger brother Thomas, possibly beginning when there was an opportunity at a local conventicle to see the charismatic James Renwick who had newly become leader of the more extreme Covenanters known as the Cameronians. On occasion they also took along their young sister Agnes.
In February 1685 the sixteen-year-old Thomas Wilson left to join other Covenanters in the hills. The girls went on a secret visit to Wigtown to visit friends, including an elderly widow Margaret McLachlan (there are various spellings of her second name). The young sisters Margaret and Agnes were taken prisoner, possibly after declining to drink the King's health, and put into the "thieves' hole". They refused to take the Abjuration Oath renouncing the Covenant. On the following Sunday Margaret McLachlan was arrested, and also put into the "thieves' hole" with the Wilson girls, along with a servant woman. They were taken before the "local assizes" of the Government Commissioners for Wigtownshire.
On 13 April 1685 they were indicted as being guilty of the Rebellion of Bothwell Bridge, Aird's Moss, 20 Field Conventicles and 20 House Conventicles. The Assizes session took place and a guilty verdict was brought. The three main protagonists were found guilty on all charges, and sentenced to be "tied to palisades fixed in the sand, within the floodmark of the sea, and there to stand till the flood o'erflowed them".
Privy Council of Scotland.
The father of the girls, Gilbert Wilson, went to Edinburgh and made a plea to the Privy Council of Scotland for clemency for all three, presenting a petition which claimed that Margaret McLachlan had recanted. Agnes was granted freedom on a bond of 100 Pounds Scots, and "reprieves were written out for the two Margarets with a date of 30 April 1685".
Reprieve and execution.
A reprieve was granted for Margaret Wilson and Margaret McLachlan. It stated, "The Lords of his Majesties Privy Council doe hereby reprove the execution of the sentence of death pronounced by the Justices against Margret Wilson and Margret Lauchlison until the ... day of ... and discharges the magistrats of Edinburgh for putting of the said sentence to execution against them until the forsaid day; and recommends the saids Margret Wilson and Margret Lauchlison to the "Lords Secretaries of State" to interpose with his most sacred Majestie for his Royall remission to them."
Urging that Margaret Wilson and Margaret McLachlan were officially reprieved by the Privy Council of Scotland, Mark Napier insisted that its agents should not have dared flout the Council's decree. Grierson of Lag, brother-in-law of Queensberry, nevertheless chose to do so. G. F. Crosbie writes that "over-zeal was no crime in 1685 - the year when Lag received his baronetcy in the pitiless James's coronation honour's list."
On 11 May 1685, 11 days after the signing of the reprieve, Margaret Wilson and Margaret McLachlan were chained to stakes on the Solway Firth. At the last moment, choking on the salt water, Margaret Wilson was allowed to offer a prayer for the King, which she did, but she continued to refuse to abjure the covenant. This was not good enough for her accusers, and she was forcibly thrust beneath the waves. It is said that, as the tide rose, she defiantly quoted from the psalms and the epistles and sang until she drowned. Robert Wodrow later wrote that the killers should have been prosecuted for ignoring the reprieve.
About 18 years of age at the time of her death, Margaret Wilson was buried, together with her friend Margaret McLachlan, in the churchyard of Wigtown.
Witness statements.
Twenty years after the date of the execution, Kirkinner and Penninghame Kirk Session prepared two accounts that drew on stories collected from individuals who claimed to have witnessed the events: McLachlan's daughter's own account about the drowning of her mother was employed, and the records of the Penninghame Kirk Session included a statement referring to Wilson's brother Thomas, that he "lives to certifie the truth of these things, with many others who knew them too weel."
The story of the Wigtown Martyrs was among those collected by Robert Wodrow and published in his "History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Revolution". The Church of Scotland synod had decided in the year of the attempted Jacobite invasion, 1708, to collect accounts of persecution under the Stuart monarchs, and commissioned Wodrow to take on the research. He wrote that Thomas Wilson "lives now in his father's room, and is ready to attest all I am writing." The account was published in 1721, and had a considerable effect on public perception despite being attacked by royalists and supporters of the Scottish Episcopal Church.
Scottish lawyer and historian Mark Napier in his three-volume "Memorials of Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee", 1859–62, included letters of Claverhouse and other documents not previously in print. Its publication led to a small storm of controversy about the supposed drowning of the "Wigtown Martyrs". Napier raised doubts as to whether the executions as depicted ever took place, and critiqued the writings of Robert Wodrow and his defenders. Napier replied in detail to his objectors in the "Case for the Crown in re the Wigtown Martyrs proved to be Myths versus Wodrow and Lord Macaulay, Patrick the Pedlar and Principal Tulloch", 1863; and once more in "History Rescued, in Reply to History Vindicated" (by the Rev. Archibald Stewart), 1870.
Art and literature.
The death of Margaret Wilson was depicted in 1862 by the Pre-Raphaelite artist John Everett Millais in an illustration (shown above) for the magazine "Once A Week". The magazine also reproduced the verses describing her death which are inscribed on her grave in Wigtown.
The story of Wilson's death is discussed in Josephine Tey's 1951 novel "The Daughter of Time", in which a modern detective criticises versions of historical events created to serve political agendas. Following Mark Napier, Tey portrays the death of Wilson as a myth, referring to the existence of the reprieve, held by the Scottish Privy Council "to this day". She claims that "the original collector of the material, canvassing the Wigtown district only forty years after the supposed martyrdom and at the height of the Presbyterian triumph, complains that 'many deny that this happened'; and couldn't find any eyewitnesses at all". In fact, Robert Wodrow, the original collector of the material published in "The History and Sufferings of the Church" 36 years after the event, wrote that "our jacobites have the impudence, some of them to deny, and others to extenuate this matter of fact which can be fully evinced by many living witnesses." Kirk Session records written out twenty years after the events provide detailed accounts compiled from the narratives of individuals who claimed to have witnessed the events. A Victorian statue of Margaret Wilson's martyrdom is on display at Knox College in the University of Toronto, Canada.


Piggyback (song)

"Piggyback" (stylized in all caps) is an unreleased song recorded by American singer Melanie Martinez. It was independently released as a single for streaming on her SoundCloud account on December 22, 2017, following a controversy between Martinez and Timothy Heller. The latter, a person with whom the singer once shared a friendship, accused her via Twitter of sexually assaulting and raping them. Various music critics associated the lyrics of "Piggyback" with the incident. Over an electronic arrangement, Martinez references her journey as an artist and the fake people she had met in her life. Critics interpreted the track's refrain as a response to Heller's accusations.
Background and release.
In early December 2017, Timothy Heller, a woman with whom Melanie Martinez once shared a friendship, accused the latter via Twitter of sexually assaulting and raping her. In response to Heller's accusations, Martinez tweeted that the allegations "horrified and saddened" her and that Heller "never said no to what they chose to do together", insinuating that she believed there was consent. The singer subsequently released a second statement, thanking her fans for pointing out Heller's "false statements" and that she would "never be intimate with someone without their absolute consent." In less than 20 days after the incident, Martinez wrote and recorded "Piggyback". She independently released the song for streaming as a single on her SoundCloud account on December 22, 2017, lasting three minutes and 27 seconds.
Lyrical interpretation.
Music critics believed that "Piggyback" revolved around the accusations Heller made towards Martinez. "PopCrush" Lai Frances thought that the singer was additionally referencing "'fake' and 'plastic' people she's met in her life". The song begins with Martinez detailing her journey as an artist over a "simple" electronic arrangement: "Trusted too many fake people while I was still young. Gave them the benefit of the doubt, I was so wrong." According to Mike Wass of "Idolator", Martinez responds to the aforementioned accusations in the refrain: "I'm so done with playing piggyback, swear to god I wished y'all all the best. You're lying your way to try and gain a piece of me when you could never come close cause I know my destiny." Other lyrics of the track include: "I worked hard for my shit, put my love in this shit. Now you're trying to kill my name for some fame, what is this?"


SS Onoko

SS "Onoko" was an iron hulled Great Lakes freighter. She was launched in 1882 in Cleveland, Ohio as hull number #4, and sank on September 14, 1915 in Lake Superior near Knife River, Minnesota. "Onoko" is thought to be the prototype for every single steel hulled Great Lakes Bulk carrier that ever sailed. These vessels made possible the cheap transport of bulk cargoes such as iron ore, coal and limestone. Her wreckage still remains on the bottom of Lake Superior and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
History.
Construction.
"Onoko" (Official number 155048) was built at Radcliffe's yard in Cleveland by the Globe Iron Works Company and was launched on February 16, 1882. She had a length of 302.6-feet, a beam of 38.6 feet and a height of 24.8-feet. She was powered by a 900-horsepower compound steam engine and fueled by two Scotch marine boilers She was commissioned by Phillip Minch of Vermillion, Ohio for the Minch Transportation Company of the Kinsman Steamship Company and a syndicate of other investors. The ship was built to take advantage of the channels opened in 1881 when the new Weitzel Lock was built at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.
The superintendent of "Onoko" construction was John H. Smith, who learned iron shipbuilding technology and techniques on the River Clyde in Scotland. Smith worked for the newly founded Globe Shipbuilding Company of Cleveland, Ohio, successors to an old and respected boiler and engine building company.
On February 16, 1882 the day "Onoko" was scheduled to be launched, about five thousand people came to watch the launching despite the rough weather conditions. With all the preparations completed Smith gave the launch signal at 3 p.m.. The ropes that were tied to "Onoko" were cut at each end enabling her to slide into the water. During the next few months "Onoko" was outfitted and rigged. Although most of the vessel's machinery had been fitted before her launching, her masts at least were installed later. This was done by the Messrs, Upson, Walton & Company.
Service history.
"Onoko" was enrolled in Cleveland on March 31, 1882. On her maiden voyage "Onoko" sailed from Cleveland on April 19, 1882 leaving port at 11 p.m. and arriving in Chicago around 2 p.m. the next day. She was carrying 2,536 tons of coal. "Onoko" captain, W.H. Pringle, reported that "Onoko" "behaved splendidly and steered like a yacht". By April 25, "Onoko" had been loaded with a cargo of wheat bound for Buffalo, New York and left at 3:30 p.m. She discharged 88,140 bushels of wheat at the Niagara B Elevator. Not a bit of the cargo was wet. It was thought that "Onoko" could carry 115,000 to 120,000 bushels of wheat. "Onoko" capacity to carry oats was believed to be at around 155,000 bushels. The Buffalo Courier provides an accurate account of when "Onoko" arrived in Buffalo. It said that "About noon on Saturday the new iron steamer "Onoko" arrived here with something over 88,000 bushels wheat. She left Chicago last Tuesday at 4:20PM and her time in coming down was three days and nineteen and a half hours".
On May 2, 1882 the writers of the Buffalo Courier wrote a rather unpleasant report about the looks of "Onoko":
The "Onoko" is the largest vessel afloat on the lakes - and by far the homeliest. She looks very like a huge canal boat with a smokestack and four sticks. Her model is really frightful; her upper works are without decent shape, and to cap all her painting is but a daub. For a new vessel she is the worst looking sight that ever appeared on our inland waters. She could have been given a respectable appearance without much interfering with her carrying qualities. One of these days we will show those Cleveland fellows an iron steamer that will be worth looking at. The "Onoko" is an eye-sore.
The Buffalo Courier criticizing the appearance of "Onoko" didn't go down with her owners. On May 5, 1882 the Cleveland Herald responded to the accusations with this reply:
The Buffalo papers took occasion when the steamship "Onoko" was there a few days ago to speak disparagingly of her qualities, especially her homeliness, and wound up by calling her an "eye-sore." This is ridiculous, in view of late developments. A Buffalo party has been in this city the past few days negotiating with the owners of the "Onoko" with a view to her purchase. He was anxious to secure her, "eye-sore" and all, at a price considerably above the cost of building. There was a disposition on the part of some of her owners to accept his terms, but the others would not part with their interest, and the arrangement fell through. The owners are well satisfied with the way the boat works.
"Onoko" had proved herself to be a success in her first two years of carrying bulk cargoes on the Great Lakes. On August 22, 1884 the Cleveland Herald reported that "Onoko" had "proved even more successful than her owners hoped for".
In 1895 two of "Onoko" mast were removed, her wooded forecastle was replaced with a steel deck and steel pilothouse structure. In 1896 she had her boilers replaced with two 12 x 12.5 foot Scotch marine boilers. On May 16, 1896 "Onoko" collided with the schooner "Mary D. Ayer" in heavy fog on Lake Michigan. Five sailors on "Mary D. Ayer" died. "Onoko"'s wooden spar deck was replaced with steel in 1901. Later that year the principal owners of "Onoko", the Nicholas Transportation Company, bought out all the lesser stockholders to become sole owner of "Onoko". "Onoko" had steel aft cabins installed in 1907 through 1908.
In 1910, Captain Harry Stewart was appointed as the master of "Onoko". On the night of December 1, 1910 "Onoko" ran aground on Southeast Shoal during a snow storm 60 miles below Amherstburg, between Point Pelee and Wheatley, Ontario. She was released with three tugs, including "Harding" and "Rescue" were sent to rescue "Onoko". She was carrying coal at the time. On December 2, 1910 the Duluth Herald wrote an article saying "Onoko" was not in any serious danger. The tugs succeeded in refloating her without serious damage to her hull. On October 7, 1912 "Onoko" sprang a leak and was intentionally beached in the Apostle Islands. The cost to patch her hull was minimal.
Final voyage.
In early September, 1915, "Onoko" grounded while departing a grain elevator in Duluth, but freed herself and cleared the harbor safely. It is thought that this is what caused the leak that sank her a few days later.
On September 15, 1915 "Onoko" departed Duluth, Minnesota with 110,000 bushels of wheat bound for Toledo, Ohio. She sprang a major leak off Knife Island about 15 miles from Duluth, Minnesota. On September 15, 1915 the Duluth Herald wrote an article saying:
All went well and the sea was smooth, when while on the regular course, about nine miles off Knife island, the engineer, J.J. Higgins, reported to the master, Capt. W.R. Dunn, that the vessel had sprung a leak under the engines and that the water was coming in fast. When Capt. Dunn went back to investigate, the water was spurting in and in a few minutes drowned out the fire. The captain saw that the situation was hopeless and ordered out the boats. All of the crew including the one woman on board, Mrs. C.R. Cranbee, wife of the steward, and the lone passenger, Antone Rehor, a cement contractor of Cleveland, had no trouble reaching the boats and safety, and in a few minutes the steamer, her stern having filled rapidly, tossed her nose in the air and plunged stern first to the bottom.
The boats were at a safe distance and the members of the crew were not worried; before they left the ship, they saw the steamer "Renown", a tanker belonging to the Standard Oil company, which had left Duluth shortly after "Onoko", coming on full speed, the master of the tanker having noticed that "Onoko" was settling. In a few minutes "Renown", with barge "C" in tow, came up and picked up the occupants of the lifeboats. "Renown" put about and took the crew back to Duluth, being met just outside the Duluth canal by a tug, which took "Onoko" crew off, "Renown" and her tow resuming their journey down the lakes.
"Onoko" today.
The wreck of "Onoko" was discovered on April 10, 1988 by Jerry Eliason of Scanlon, Minnesota and Kraig Smith of Rice Lake, Wisconsin after they conducted a thorough search using a depth finder. Her wreck rests upside down in of water with her stern buried almost completely in mud. Her hull is broken nearly in two, with the split in her hull right in front of her boilers. Her wreck is surrounded with a lot of artifacts from inside and outside her hull. Her cargo of grain is still in her cargo hold. It is illegal to remove artifacts from her wreck without permission because she is protected by the State of Minnesota.


El Gato Negro

El Gato Negro ("The Black Cat") is the name of two fictional American comic book superheroes created by Richard Dominguez and featured in the Azteca Productions' Universe. Both characters made their first appearance in "El Gato Negro #1" (October 1993).
In the comic's continuity, Agustin Guerrero was the first to hold the title of El Gato Negro in the 1950s, creating the pseudonym in order to form a successful career in lucha libre. His motives soon changed however, as he decided to use his talents to fight the criminal element that plagued South Texas. Agustin later retired the alter ego in the late '60s, only for his grandson to adopt it three decades later. Agustin was first introduced as a major supporting character and there are plans to release a series featuring his own exploits as El Gato Negro.
Francisco Guerrero, the second and current incarnation of El Gato Negro, is Agustin's grandson. Francisco makes his living as a social worker in South Texas and devotes most of his free time volunteering for community service. Growing tired of the increasing crime rate in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and haunted by the murder of his friend Mario, Francisco continues the legacy of El Gato Negro, spending his nights fighting against crime. This version often receives comparison to Batman, which is in fact one of the character's many influences.
Publication history.
Early years.
The El Gato Negro characters were created by comic book artist and writer Richard Dominguez, both making their first published appearance in "El Gato Negro" #1 (October 1993) published under Dominguez's own Azteca Productions imprint. The original series followed the adventures of Francisco Guerrero, a social worker living in Edinburg, Texas and grandson to the original El Gato Negro, who adopted his grandfather's former nom de guerre in order to avenge the death of his best friend. The series also introduced Agustin Guerrero, the original El Gato Negro of the early '50s and late '60s, as a major supporting character. Although the character officially retired from his former vigilante-activities, Agustin did appear in costume at the climax of the first story-arc entitled, "Unknown passing, Unforgettable Return" ("El Gato Negro" #1-3).
Dominguez had originally intended to introduce El Gato Negro as member of a largely Latino superhero group dubbed "Team Tejas", but after placing considerably more emphasis on his character development, Dominguez ultimately decided to abandon the Team Tejas project for a later date. The character's secret identity, Francisco Guerrero, was devised to have direct ties to the Mexican Revolution. His given name was borrowed from Mexican revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa, while the surname Guerrero was mainly chosen for its English-translation "warrior", although Dominguez has hinted at a more historical significance, one which has yet to be revealed. Meanwhile, the shared alter-ego of "El Gato Negro" originated from an abandoned settlement by the name of "El Gato", located south of Pharr, Texas.
The character's personality and visual design was greatly influenced by Dominguez's own favorite pulp and comic book superheroes (most noticeably "Batman") along with classic Mexican luchadors such as El Santo. Another strong influence was Lee Falk's "The Phantom", a crime-fighter believed to be immortal but is in fact descended from 20 previous generations of crime-fighters who all adopted the same persona. This, along with Dominguez's own appreciation of the Silver Age of Comics, inspired the creation of a predecessor to the modern-day El Gato Negro. This character is now known as Agustin Guerrero, a former luchador-turned-adventurer of the late '50s and '60s.
The Francisco Guerrero incarnation of El Gato Negro became a popular character soon after his introduction, the first printing of the series actually sold-out within two months. A notable 1997 issue revived Margarito C. Garza's "Relampago" character, his first published appearance in nearly fifteen years. The series was later placed on hiatus during the late '90s, although the character consistently made appearances in other media.
2000s.
In 2004, rather than return to the original series, Dominguez launched a brand new series continuing the adventures of El Gato Negro entitled, "". For this, Dominguez enlisted the aid of Michael S. Moore to serve as writer and co-plotter, having previously worked together on the first published issue of "Team Tejas". The series also featured the work of guest penciller Efren Molina, while Dominguez acted as letterer and inker. The combination of Moore's writing style and Molina's pencils gave the new series a few stylistic changes from its predecessor.
Plans to release a compilation series of the original "El Gato Negro" series are currently in the works. A brand new limited series entitled "Lucha Grande Comics" which will feature the early adventures of Agustin Guerrero is also in development.
Fictional character biographies.
Agustin "Gus" Guerrero.
Separated from the Texas Battalion while on a raid, Agustin became lost in the harsh jungles of Korea only to encounter an exiled Japanese warrior and assassin known as "The Black Cat". Forming an alliance, the Black Cat properly trained the lost Tejano in martial arts and stealth. After being rescued and discharged from the military, Agustin returned to South Texas to begin a career in Lucha Libre. Recognizing a recurring cat motif in his life, Agustin chose the identity of El Gato Negro, promising to bring bad luck to his opponents. However, it was his vigilante activities outside of the ring that made him a legend among the communities of South Texas. Agustin's incarnation of El Gato Negro had become so much a part of the local folklore that few even acknowledge his existence, referring to him as a "fairy tale". His motives soon changed, however, as he decided to use his talents to fight the criminal element that plagued South Texas. Agustin later retired the alter ego in the late 1960s, only for his grandson to adopt it three decades later.
Francisco "Pancho" Guerrero.
The second and current El Gato Negro, Francisco Guerrero is a social worker by day and a vigilante by night. The citizens of Southwest Texas believe Francisco to be the original El Gato Negro, returning once again to rid Texas of evil. Prior to becoming the new El Gato, Francisco was growing tired of the increasing crime rate in his hometown of Edinburg, Texas. The final straw being the death of his friend, Mario, a border patrol officer who was overpowered and murdered by several drug-runners. Deciding to take action, with the permission of his grandfather, Francisco adopted the moniker of El Gato Negro and operated as the Nocturnal Warrior for several months, successfully fighting against crime. Despite being popular with the citizens of his community, El Gato Negro is constantly being hunted by local law enforcement led by police Captain Miguel Bustamonte, Francisco's best friend and Mario's older brother.
Antonio Trujillo.
A former member of the EZLN in the Mexican state of Chiapas, Antonio emigrated to Edinburg, Texas, United States, along with his wife Rosarita, where they both struggled to adjust to their new lives. Fortunately, social worker Francisco Guerrero helped to get the couple settled in their new home and gain citizenship. Antonio later landed a job at a local mechanic shop, eventually becoming an owner of his own establishment Taller Trujillo. Francisco confided with his friend his identity as El Gato Negro, and in return for his help, Antonio constructs much of the tools he needs to fight crime.
In other media.
Film adaptation.
As of January 2016, Richard Dominguez is currently working with writer-turned-director Michael S. Moore in directing and filming a live-action short-film adaptation titled "El Gato Negro: Prey".
Television adaptation.
In February 2019, "Deadline Hollywood" reported that MGM Television is developing an "El Gato Negro" television series, with Diego Boneta starring and executive producing the series through his production company Three Amigos, and with Joel Novoa co-executive producing. In September 2019, Robert Rodriguez joined the project to direct and executive produce, with the series set to be on Apple TV+.


Datta Khel airstrike

The Datta Khel airstrike was an American airstrike carried out on 17 March 2011 in Datta Khel, North Waziristan that killed 44 people and led to widespread condemnation in Pakistan. Sherabat Khan Wazir, a top commander of Hafiz Gul Bahadur's Taliban faction, was killed in the strike, and in response Bahadur threatened to end the peace deal struck with the Pakistani government almost four years earlier. The airstrike was part of a long series of drone attacks in Pakistan carried out by the CIA and United States military. It occurred just two days after "diyya", a form of compensation paid to a victim's family under Islamic law, was paid for the release of U.S. CIA operative Raymond Allen Davis, signaling a resumption of U.S. activity after a several week hiatus while Davis' pardon on murder charges was being negotiated.
Attack.
According to Pakistani intelligence officials, the attack targeted a compound where several dozen people believed to be Taliban militants linked to Hafiz Gul Bahadur were meeting. On 17 March 2011, two or three missiles were fired within three minutes, killing at least 44 people and injuring around fifteen others. A security official in Peshawar said that the building that was attacked was used as a training location and meeting place for militants. A car that was transporting additional suspected militants near the location of the primary target was also fired upon.
Of those killed, a Pakistani security official said that eleven Taliban personnel were killed in the attack, while the remainder were civilians. According to a local tribesman, however, the suspected militants were actually a group of tribal elders from a nearby village who were having a business meeting. The meeting was said to be regarding the disputed sale of a chromite mine in the area. The tribesman said that a commander loyal to Bahadur, Sharabat Khan, was present, but only because he was also a tribal elder. Khan was reported to have been killed in the attack. After the attack the Taliban faction led by Hafiz Gul Bahadur threatened to cancel the peace deal with Pakistani government to protest the governments inability to halt drone attacks.
Reaction.
General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, the Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Army, issued a statement saying that the attack was "in complete violation of human rights" and that "such aggression against people of Pakistan is unjustified and intolerable under any circumstances." Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani condemned the attack, saying that it would only strengthen the hands of militants. The governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Syed Masood Kausar, also strongly condemned the attack, saying that civilians and policemen were killed.
Pakistan foreign secretary Salman Bashir asked the U.S. ambassador to Pakistan, Cameron Munter, for an explanation and an apology. After the attack, Pakistan said it would not attend talks with the United States on 26 March 2011 in Brussels to discuss the future of Afghanistan. The foreign ministry of Pakistan stated that "[i]t is evident that the fundamentals of our relations need to be revisited… Pakistan should not be taken for granted nor treated as a client state." The US embassy in Pakistan refused to comment, saying it was not aware that such talks had been proposed.
The attack came shortly after CIA contractor Raymond Allen Davis, who had been arrested on charges of killing two people in January, was released, and protests against his release were expected to intensify after the drone strike.
Protests.
Thousands of Pakistani protesters took to the street following the attack. The US Embassy in Islamabad and consulates in Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar were closed due to security concerns. Thousands of protesters gathered in the capital Islamabad, chanting "[f]riends of the US are traitors", "[d]own with America" and "[h]ang Zardari." In Miranshah more than a thousand locals collected and demanded compensation for the dead and an immediate stop to the drone attacks.
Military.
After the attack, the Pakistani Air Force increased air patrols of the northwestern tribal areas in Pakistan. It also cancelled holidays and breaks for officials in the region.


Them

Them or THEM, a third-person plural accusative personal pronoun, may refer to:


Matthew Hawkwood


Peter Strzok

Peter Paul Strzok II (, like "struck"; born March 7, 1970) is a former United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent. Strzok was the Chief of the Counterespionage Section and led the FBI's investigation into Hillary Clinton's use of a personal email server.
Strzok rose to become a Deputy Assistant Director (one of several) of the Counterintelligence Division, the second-highest position in that division. He also led the FBI's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.
In June and July 2017, Strzok worked on Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation into any links or coordination between Donald Trump's presidential campaign and the Russian government. Mueller removed Strzok from the Russia investigation when Mueller became aware of criticisms of Trump and his supporters contained in personal text messages exchanged between Strzok and FBI lawyer Lisa Page. Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein defended Mueller's response to the text messages.
The revelation of the text messages led Republican congressmen and right wing media to speculate that Strzok participated in a conspiracy to undermine the Trump presidency. A comprehensive review in February 2018 of Strzok's messages by "The Wall Street Journal" concluded that "texts critical of Mr. Trump represent a fraction of the roughly 7,000 messages, which stretch across 384 pages and show no evidence of a conspiracy against Mr. Trump".
On August 10, 2018, David Bowdich, the FBI deputy director, fired Strzok for the anti-Trump text messages. On August 6, 2019, Strzok filed a wrongful termination suit against the FBI and the U.S. Department of Justice, asking to be reinstated and awarded back pay. He asserted in the suit that his text messages were "protected political speech," and that his termination violated the First Amendment. In December 2019, a report by the Justice Department inspector general found that Strzok was not motivated by bias in his work on the FBI investigation of Russian meddling in the 2016 elections.
In September 2020, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt published Strzok's book, "Compromised: Counterintelligence and the Threat of Donald J. Trump," which became a New York Times and Washington Post bestseller. During an NBC News interview upon release of the book, Strzok confirmed a recent report in "The New York Times" that the FBI had opened a broad counterintelligence investigation into Trump after the president fired FBI director James Comey in May 2017, based on concerns over Trump's "financial entanglements" with Russia. That investigation was curtailed days later by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, giving the FBI the impression that the incipient Mueller investigation would pursue it, though Rosenstein instructed Mueller not to, effectively ending the investigation.
Early life.
Peter Paul Strzok II was born near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, to Peter Paul Strzok and Virginia Sue Harris. His father is a retired US Army Lieutenant Colonel who served in the Corps of Engineers. During a 21-year military career, his father did two tours in Vietnam, two in Saudi Arabia, and three in Iran, where Strzok attended elementary school at the American School in Tehran prior to the Iranian Revolution. The family later moved to Upper Volta, where the elder Strzok took an assignment with Catholic Relief Services after retiring from military service. One of Strzok's uncles is Father James Strzok, SJ, a Jesuit priest doing missionary work in east Africa. The Strzok family is of Polish descent. For high school, Strzok attended St. John's Preparatory School in Minnesota, graduating in 1987. He earned a bachelor's degree from Georgetown University in 1991 as well as a master's degree in 2013. After graduating from Georgetown in 1991, Strzok served as an officer in the United States Army before leaving to join the FBI in 1996 as an intelligence research specialist. Strzok is married to Melissa Hodgman, an associate director at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
FBI.
A career employee with the FBI for 22 years before his firing in August 2018, Strzok had been a lead agent in the FBI's "Operation Ghost Stories" against Andrey Bezrukov and Yelena Vavilova, a Russian spy couple who were part of the Illegals Program, a network of Russian sleeper agents who were arrested in 2010. By July 2015, Strzok was serving as the section chief of the Counterespionage Section, a subordinate section of the FBI's Counterintelligence Division.
Strzok led a team of a dozen investigators during the FBI's investigation into Hillary Clinton's use of a personal email server and assisted in the drafting of public statements for then-FBI Director James Comey. He changed the description of Clinton's actions from "grossly negligent", which could be a criminal offense, to "extremely careless". The draft was reviewed and corrected by several people and its creation was a team process. In his statement to Congress, Comey said that "no reasonable prosecutor" would bring charges based on available evidence. Later, when additional emails were discovered a few days before the election, Strzok supported reopening the Clinton investigation. He then co-wrote the letter that Comey used to inform Congress, which "reignited the email controversy in the final days" and "played a key role in a controversial FBI decision that upended Hillary Clinton's campaign."
Strzok rose to the rank of Deputy Assistant Director in the Counterintelligence Division and was the number two official within that division for investigations involving Russia. In that capacity, he led the FBI's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, and examined both the Donald Trump–Russia dossier and the Russian role in the 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak. He also oversaw the bureau's interviews with then-National Security Advisor Michael Flynn; Flynn later pled guilty to lying during those interviews.
In July 2017, Strzok became the most senior FBI agent working for Robert Mueller's 2017 Special Counsel investigation looking into any links or coordination between Trump's presidential campaign and the Russian government. He served in that position until August 2017, at which time he was moved to the Human Resources Branch. According to "The New York Times", Strzok was "considered one of the most experienced and trusted FBI counterintelligence investigators," as well as "one of the Bureau's top experts on Russia" according to CNN.
Strzok left the investigation in late July 2017 after the discovery of personal text messages sent to a colleague. At the request of Republicans in Congress, the Justice Department (DOJ) Inspector General (IG) began an inquiry in January 2017 into how the FBI handled investigations related to the election, and the IG announced it would issue a report by March or April 2018. The report was eventually released on June 14, 2018, after several delays.
On June 15, 2018, the day after this IG report was published, Strzok was escorted from FBI headquarters as part of the bureau's internal conduct investigations. The move put Strzok on notice that the bureau intended to fire him, though he had appeal rights that could delay such action. On June 21, 2018, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said that Strzok had lost his security clearance.
FBI Deputy Director David L. Bowdich fired Strzok on August 10, 2018. His decision overruled the FBI Office of Professional Responsibility, whose head, Candice Will, had decided that Strzok should be demoted and suspended for 60 days. On August 13, a GoFundMe campaign was created by "Friends Of Special Agent Peter Strzok" to raise money for Strzok's lost income and ongoing legal costs.
Strzok filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against the DOJ and the FBI in federal court on August 6, 2019, asking to be reinstated and awarded back pay. He argued that the Justice Department had terminated him because of "unrelenting pressure" from Trump over his comments in private text messages. Strzok asserted in the suit that his sentiments were "protected political speech," that the DOJ had violated his privacy by releasing his texts to the media, and that his termination violated the First Amendment. He alleged that the Trump administration had "consistently tolerated and even encouraged partisan political speech by federal employees", but only if that speech lauded the president and denounced his opponents. He said his removal was "part of a broader campaign against the very principle of free speech ... initiated and led by" Trump. The Justice Department and FBI spokeswomen declined to comment.
Text messages.
The IG's investigation examined thousands of text messages exchanged using FBI-issued cell phones between Strzok and Lisa Page, with whom he was having an affair. She was also a trial attorney on Mueller's team. The texts were sent between August 15, 2015 and December 1, 2016. At the request of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the DOJ turned over 375 of these text messages to the House Judiciary Committee. Some of the texts disparaged then-presidential candidate Donald Trump, Chelsea Clinton, Attorney General in the Obama administration Eric Holder, former Democratic Governor Martin O'Malley, and candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination Bernie Sanders. Strzok called Trump an "idiot" in August 2015 and texted "God Hillary should win 100,000,000 - 0" after a Republican debate in March 2016. In their messages, Strzok and Page also advocated creating a Special Counsel to investigate the Hillary Clinton email controversy, and discussed suggesting former U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald be considered for such a probe. Devlin Barrett from "The Washington Post" alleged Strzok and Page had been using the backdrop of discussing the Clinton investigation as a cover for their personal communications during an affair. Upon learning of the text messages, Mueller removed Strzok from the investigation. Messages released in January 2018 showed that Strzok was hesitant to join the Mueller investigation, with Page encouraging him not to.
Strzok's colleagues and a former Trump administration official said that Strzok had never shown any political bias. An associate of his says the political parts of the text messages were especially related to Trump's criticism of the FBI's investigation of the Clinton emails. According to FBI guidelines, agents are allowed to have and express political opinions as individuals. Former FBI and DOJ officials told "The Hill" that it was not uncommon for agents like Strzok to hold political opinions and still conduct an impartial investigation. Several agents asserted that Mueller had removed Strzok to protect the integrity of the special counsel's Russia investigation. Strzok was not punished following his reassignment. Defenders of Strzok and Page in the FBI said no professional misconduct between them occurred.
The decision by the DOJ to publicize the private messages in December 2017 was controversial. Statements by DOJ spokeswomen revealed that some reporters had copies of the texts even before the DOJ invited the press to review them, but the DOJ did not authorize the pre-release. Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee have asked for a review of the circumstances under which the texts were leaked to select press outlets.
The Office of Inspector General's report on the FBI's handling of the Clinton email investigation published on June 14, 2018, criticized Strzok's text messages for creating the appearance of impropriety. However, the report concluded that there was no evidence of bias in the FBI's decision not to pursue criminal charges against Clinton. The report revealed additional texts hostile to Donald Trump by Strzok. In early August 2016, after Page asked Strzok, "[Trump's] not ever going to become president, right? Right?!", Strzok responded: "No. No he won't. We'll stop it." Many Democrats believed that the FBI's actions during the 2016 presidential campaign, such as reopening the Clinton email investigation on the eve of the election and elements within the FBI telling "The New York Times" that there was no clear link between the Trump campaign and Russia, ended up harming the Clinton campaign and benefitting the Trump campaign.
At a July 12, 2018 public congressional hearing, Strzok denied that the personal beliefs expressed in the text messages impacted his work for the FBI. Strzok explained that a "We'll stop Trump" text message was written late at night and off-the-cuff shortly after Trump denigrated the immigrant family of a fallen American war hero, Khizr and Ghazala Khan, and that the message reflected Strzok's belief that Americans would not vote for a candidate who engaged in such "horrible, disgusting behavior". Strzok said the message "was in no way – unequivocally – any suggestion that me, the FBI, would take any action whatsoever to improperly impact the electoral process for any candidate." Strzok added that he knew of information during the 2016 presidential campaign that could have damaged Trump but that he never contemplated leaking it. Strzok also said that he criticized politicians such as Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders in his "blunt" text messages. Strzok said that the investigation into him and the Republicans' related rhetoric was misguided and played into “our enemies’ campaign to tear America apart.”
Reactions.
Strzok's personal messages to Lisa Page have been used by Republicans to attack the impartiality of Mueller's investigation into Donald Trump's alleged collusion with Russia during the election. Conservative media outlets and Republicans have used the text messages as part of an aggressive campaign to discredit the Mueller investigation and protect President Trump. Other Republicans have defended Mueller and his work, including Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein who said that he would fire Mueller only if there was actual cause under DOJ regulations, and that no such cause existed. Rosenstein also praised Mueller for removing Strzok from the Russian investigation.
In 2018, President Trump falsely claimed that 19,000 text messages between Strzok and Page "were purposely & illegally deleted" and that these text messages "Would have explained whole Hoax". PolitiFact rated the claim "Pants-on-fire" false. An investigation by the Justice Department's inspector general found no evidence the messages were purposefully deleted, some from the work phones were recovered, and that the texts on their personal phones were lost when they were reset.
Congressional scrutiny.
In an August 15, 2016 text message, Strzok told Page: "I want to believe the path you threw out for consideration in Andy's (Andrew McCabe, Deputy Director of the FBI) office that there's no way Trump gets elected—but I'm afraid we can't take that risk. It's like an insurance policy in the unlikely event you die before you're 40." This message attracted scrutiny from Republicans, including Senator Chuck Grassley, chairman of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, who stated: "Some of these texts appear to go beyond merely expressing a private political opinion, and appear to cross the line into taking some official action to create an 'insurance policy' against a Trump presidency." Sources close to Strzok and Page told "The Wall Street Journal" that Strzok was not contemplating using the FBI's investigation into possible collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia to harm Trump's candidacy, but rather emphasizing the need to aggressively pursue any such leads before the election "because some of Mr. Trump's associates could land administration jobs and it was important to know if they had colluded with Russia."
On January 20, 2018, Senator Ron Johnson (R–WI) released a letter in which he stated that the FBI's technical system had failed to preserve five months' worth of texts between Strzok and Page. According to the letter, the texts in question were sent between mid-December 2016 and mid-May 2017. A Justice Department official later said that the technical lapse had affected thousands of FBI-issued phones, which failed to store text messages for periods of up to a year.
In late January 2018, a number of congressional Republicans, including Sen. Ron Johnson, asserted that they had evidence that pointed towards FBI agents working clandestinely to undermine the Trump presidency; they asserted that Strzok and Page were in a "secret society" against Trump. Congressional Republicans refused to release the evidence behind the assertion, but ABC News obtained a copy of the message that Republicans were referring to and noted that the message that refers to a "secret society" may have been made in jest. The day after his assertion that these messages demonstrated "corruption at the highest levels of the FBI" and after a copy of the messages were revealed by ABC News, Johnson walked back his comments and said that there was a "real possibility" that the messages were made in jest.
In February 2018, Johnson speculated that a text message between FBI agent Peter Strzok and Lisa Page raised questions about "the type and extent of President Obama's personal involvement" in the Clinton emails investigation. Fox News reiterated, without scrutiny, Ron Johnson's speculative claim that text messages between senior FBI officials Peter Strzok and Lisa Page suggested that President Barack Obama was deeply involved in the investigation into Hillary Clinton's emails. Fox News spokeswoman Carly Shanahan did not answer an inquiry from CNN about whether Fox News reached out to Obama for comment. Johnson's claim was covered by various pro-Trump websites, such as Drudge Report, Breitbart, "InfoWars" and "The Gateway Pundit", before President Trump himself tweeted "NEW FBI TEXTS ARE BOMBSHELLS!" Other news outlets reported that the text messages were sent in September 2016, months after the Clinton emails investigation had concluded, and three days before Obama would confront Russian President Vladimir Putin about interference in the 2016 election at the G20 Hangzhou summit. Associates of Strzok and Page told "The Wall Street Journal" the texts were about the FBI's investigation into Russian electoral interference. Fox News continued to report the story even after these news outlets had provided this context for the messages.
Fox News commentary.
Some commentators on Fox News used Strzok's messages to comment negatively on the Mueller investigation. Jesse Watters said that Mueller's investigation now amounted to a coup against President Trump, if "the investigation was weaponized to destroy his presidency for partisan political purposes". Fox Business host Lou Dobbs said that the FBI and DOJ were working clandestinely to destroy the Trump presidency, and called for a "war" against the "deep state". One guest on Fox's talk and news show "Outnumbered", Kevin Jackson, speculated that Strzok's messages were evidence of a plot by FBI agents to make "an assassination attempt or whatever" against President Trump, which other Fox hosts quickly contradicted and said was not "credible". Fox News figures referred to the investigation as "corrupt", "crooked" and "illegitimate", and likened the FBI's tactics to the KGB, the Soviet-era spy organization.
MSNBC commentary.
Some MSNBC commentators described Strzok and Page's comments regarding Trump and the need for an "insurance policy" if he were elected, as merely, "negative comments", and "critical" of Trump.


Eugene Ejike Obiora


Jay Landsman

Jay C. Landsman is an American retired homicide detective and actor. He was featured in David Simon's 1991 book about the Baltimore homicide unit "". According to the book, Landsman was the last of his family line on the Baltimore Police Department. His brother Jerry was a detective in the agency who left in the 1980s and their father was the department's first Jewish district commander.
Acting career.
The book was later developed into the television series '. He was the inspiration for the fictional character John Munch on that show as well as a character named Jay Landsman on the television series "The Wire", created by Simon (although the Landsman character is not played by Landsman himself, but by Delaney Williams). Landsman portrayed himself in a brief appearance on the HBO miniseries "The Corner" and, later, appeared in "The Wire", playing the character of Lieutenant Dennis Mello. He appeared in season five of the food and travel show ', when host Anthony Bourdain stopped in Baltimore on a tour of America's rust belt.
Police career.
In December 2015, Landsman was promoted to lieutenant in the Baltimore County Police Department. Landsman retired from the city's police force in 1994, when he joined the county. In 2004, he and his son Jay C. Landsman Jr. were simultaneously promoted from corporal to sergeant in the department. By 2015, Landsman Jr. was a captain, having commanded Precinct 6 since April 2014, and by September, 2017- when he was appointed Commander of the Technical Services Division at Baltimore County Police Headquarters- a Major.
As of March 2016, by which time he was a Lieutenant in the Pikesville precinct, all four of Landsman's children were serving with him in the Baltimore County Police Department, as was one granddaughter. His nephew, Richard Landsman, also served in Baltimore as a Lieutenant, as did other members of the Landsman family.


Maedhros

Maedhros () is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, first introduced as a major character in "The Silmarillion" and later mentioned in "Unfinished Tales" and "The Children of Húrin". In the books, Maedhros was the first son of Fëanor, the creator of the Silmarils that were essential to the plot and the history of Middle-earth. Following his father in swearing to reclaim the Silmarils from anyone who took and kept them, he led his people the Noldor in their war against Morgoth in Middle-earth, and brought eventual ruin upon himself and his brothers. Maedhros has been the subject of artwork by artists such as Jenny Dolfen and Alan Lee.
Concept and creation.
Etymology.
Maedhros's Old English name is Doegred Winsterhand (Ang. "Doegred"=dawn, daybreak, "Winsterhand"=left-handed). Christopher Tolkien thought that "Doegred" referred to the colour of Maedhros's hair, though this is not certain. Tolkien, when deciding Maedhros's name, came up with the sound of it first, and then decided a suitable meaning for the word. The translation of "Maedhros" was originally "glitter of metal", but was later changed to "well-formed/shapely copper” (S. "maed" 'shapely', "ros" 'copper'). Tolkien explained that the translations of the Sindarin roots were meant to match the meaning of Maedhros's Quenya names, "Maitimo" "well-shaped one" and "Russandol". However, around the last four years of his life, Tolkien encountered a problem when he realized that he had stated that "ros", which was meant to reference his reddish-brown hair, translated into "spray/spindrift". He later made a note suggesting that he might change Maedhros's name to "Maedron" instead.
Tolkien wrote Maedhros's name as "Maedros" or "Maidros" in early versions. When the latter name first appears in drafts, however, it does not designate the eldest son of Fëanor, but his grandfather: Fëanor's father was originally named Bruithwir-go-Maidros.
Character arc.
The Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin was given to Maedhros by Azaghâl during the First Age, in gratitude for saving the life of the Dwarf-lord, with whom Maedhros forged an alliance. Maedhros later passed it on to Fingon in proof of their friendship. In earlier drafts, it is not the Dragon-helm Maedhros gives to Fingon, but the Elfstone, which Maedhros received from his dying father.
The fate of the Silmarils undergo changes through all three drafts (which Christopher Tolkien dubs S, QI, QII) of "The Silmarillion". In S, Maglor alone steals the Silmaril and casts himself into a pit after Maedhros and Maglor submit themselves to Eönwë, while Maedhros breaks the lost Silmarils retrieved and restores the light back to the Two Trees. In QI, it is Maedhros who is convinced by Maglor to regain the Silmarils, but is captured by Eönwë. Then released with his brother Maglor, Maedhros, in despair, slays himself by throwing himself into a fiery chasm. Maglor, however, throws his Silmaril in the sea and wanders by the shore. In QII, the fate of Maedhros and Maglor remains the same as in the published "Silmarillion". Although it was Maglor who, in "The Silmarillion", took pity on the sons of Elwing, earlier versions portrayed Maedhros as the one who saved Elrond (Elros not appearing until later drafts).
Fictional biography.
Born to Fëanor and Nerdanel, he is the eldest of their seven sons: his brothers were Maglor, Celegorm, Caranthir, Curufin, and twins Amras and Amrod. In Aman, he was of the Noldorin line for kingship—hence his father-name, "Nelyafinwë", which was Quenya for "Finwë the third [in succession]"—but unlike his royal kin, Maedhros had auburn hair inherited from his maternal grandfather, Mahtan, to whom Maedhros was said to be alike in face and disposition. He preferred and was remembered by his mother-name, "Maitimo," which meant "well-shaped one" (a reference to his comeliness), but was known as "Russandol", his epessë for "copper-top", to his family. His tremendous height earned him the appellation "the Tall".
During his travels Maedhros befriended Fingon, son of Fingolfin, though their respective fathers would enter into a bitter feud. Following his father's banishment from Tirion, Maedhros lived in Formenos with his family. They return to Tirion, however, after Maedhros brings tidings of Finwë's murder and the theft of the Silmaril. Fëanor's fiery words lead the Noldor to Middle-earth and the Fëanorians to swear their father's terrible oath to pursue anyone who keeps the Silmarils from their possession. Maedhros participates in the Kinslaying at Alqualondë and stands aside at the burning of the ships at Losgar. When Fëanor and his sons secretly sail to Middle-earth, Maedhros is shocked when he realises that they will not return for Fingolfin and his host.
Although Fëanor is killed in the "Dagor-nuin-Giliath", Morgoth's forces suffer a crushing defeat. He sends peace emissaries and Maedhros agrees to treat with them. He brings more forces than has been agreed to the parley because he is not fooled by Morgoth's peace offers. Unknown to him, Balrogs are among Morgoth's party, and the Elven company is overwhelmed. Maedhros is taken captive and hung by the wrist of his right hand. For many years, he languishes there while Fingolfin brings his hosts into Middle-earth. Eventually Fingon finds him and with the help of Thorondor, frees him by cutting off Maedhros's right hand. This daring rescue, along with Maedhros' repentance for the desertion of Fingolfin's hosts in Araman and relinquishment of his claim as Finwë's heir to kingship over all the Noldor in favour of his uncle (which last caused the Fëanorians to be known as “the Dispossessed”), did much to repair the ill feelings between the House of Fingolfin and the House of Fëanor.
His brothers, however, are not all pleased by their eldest brother's actions, and Maedhros, sensing that they will cause feuds with their kinsmen, moves them out of Mithrim and to the lands around the Hill of Himring, which become known as the March of Maedhros. A secondary purpose in relocating is the desire to take up the responsibility to defend the area that was in most danger of being attacked by Morgoth. Keen on peace and unification, Maedhros on his part remained in friendship with the houses of Fingolfin and Finarfin. Allied with Fingolfin, he won the battle of "Dagor Aglareb" and set the Siege of Angband. The siege was broken, however, in the Dagor Bragollach, in which many Elven kingdoms were destroyed. Due to Maedhros's valour and deadly skill with the sword, Himring was successfully defended, though it was surrounded by the enemy. This led many of the survivors from East Beleriand and Dorthonion to rally to Maedhros.
Taking hope upon hearing the deeds of Beren and Lúthien, he gathered his brothers, and united with other Elven Houses to create the Union of Maedhros, an alliance of Elves, Men, and Dwarves to drive the Orcs from Beleriand and lay siege to Morgoth's fortress of Angband. Under his leadership, the Union won several battles and regained the territory lost in the Dagor Bragollach. When the joint attack on Angband itself was to be launched, Maedhros was delayed due to the treachery of an Easterling, Uldor the Accursed, who was a spy of Morgoth in the service of Caranthir, and the forces of the Union were utterly destroyed in the Nírnaeth Arnoediad. Himring was taken by the Orcs and the Sons of Fëanor were wounded. They retreated to Mount Dolmed, and eventually came to live with the Nandor in Ossiriand.
During , the brothers learnt of the possession of the Silmaril recovered by Beren and Lúthien in the hands of Dior, the new King of Doriath. Maedhros restrained his brothers' urge to attack, and instead, sent a message to Dior demanding that he yield the Silmaril to them, but Dior ignored it. Celegorm's words convinced the Fëanorians to launch an assault. Thus Doriath was destroyed, Dior was killed, and the brothers emerged victorious, but the brothers Celegorm, Curufin and Caranthir were slain and the Silmaril was not recovered. Upon learning that Celegorm's servants had left Dior's twin sons, Eluréd and Elurín, to starve in a dark forest, Maedhros went on a long search for them, but it proved to be fruitless.
Maedhros and his surviving brothers then dwelt on Amon Ereb in East Beleriand. When they heard that Elwing, who had escaped from Doriath with the Silmaril, was now living at the Havens of Sirion. Maedhros, repenting of his deeds at Doriath, counselled against trying to regain the jewel by force. But the unfulfilment of the oath came to torment the brothers heavily, so they sent messages of friendship but with firm demands to surrender the Silmaril. However, the people refused, arguing that they could not negotiate while their leader and Elwing's husband, Eärendil, was away at sea. In , the Fëanorians attacked Sirion—but Elwing cast herself and the jewel into the sea and they did not gain what they sought. Elwing was ultimately rescued by the power of Ulmo and reunited with Eärendil in the West. Eärendil and Elwing's sons, Elrond and Elros were taken captive by Maedhros and Maglor, but were treated gently and kindly.
After the War of Wrath, Maedhros and Maglor, the last of the sons of Fëanor, told Eönwë that the remaining two Silmarils captured from Morgoth should be given to them, but Eönwë replied that the Silmarils would not suffer them to hold them and that the brothers had to face judgement from the Valar in Aman. Maglor was willing to listen, but Maedhros reminded Maglor that they had sworn that none, even the Valar, could release them from their oath, and because of this, it would curse them into committing evil deeds in Aman. Resigned, the brothers stole the Silmarils, but the jewels burned their hands because of all the evil deeds they had committed. Unable to endure the suffering, Maedhros killed himself,throwing himself and his Silmaril into a fiery chasm of the Earth, while Maglor casts his Silmaril into the sea and never returns to his folk, wandering along the coast and lamenting his loss and pain instead.
Reception and analysis.
The award-winning Tolkien watercolour artist Jenny Dolfen is said by the Tolkien Society to have "a particular penchant" for characters from "The Silmarillion", in particular Maedhros.
The Tolkien scholar Verlyn Flieger writes that Maedhros's death was caused by the Silmarils. She finds this contradictory, as the Silmarils embody the light of the Two Trees; Tolkien described the Silmarils variously as "holy", "unsullied", and "hallowed", but their effect is evil.
Dimitra Fimi, analysing Celtic influence on Middle-earth, writes that the loss of Maedhros's hand is directly paralleled by the loss of Nuadhu's arm in the first battle of Moytirra. Annie Kinniburgh similarly relates the Noldor elves to the Irish Tuatha Dé Danann, citing the same parallel.


Frank Gorrell

Frank Cheatham Gorrell (June 20, 1927 – March 12, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee from 1967 to 1971, during Governor Buford Ellington's second term.
Early years.
Gorrell was born in Russellville, Kentucky, and attended college and played college football at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. After college he attended law school at Vanderbilt, then joined the Nashville law firm of Bass, Berry & Sims.
Career.
In 1947, while a student at Vanderbilt, he married Bette Jamison, which connected him to the powerful Middle Tennessee Jamison family, whose interests included a mattress factory near downtown Franklin, Tennessee. In 1964, Governor Frank G. Clement decided that he desired Gorrell to be lieutenant governor to replace the outgoing James L. Bomar. The Tennessee General Assembly had begun to show a measure of independence from the executive branch of government in this era but was generally still largely subject to it. However, a faction of the Democratic Caucus in the Tennessee State Senate, which in Tennessee elects the lieutenant governor from its own members, had decided to resist the selection of Gorrell. They were joined by the relatively small Republican Caucus, which proposed the election of former lieutenant governor Jared Maddux, who had previously served as lieutenant governor during Clement's first administration.
A "nose count" revealed a total of sixteen Senators supporting Clement's selection of Gorrell, and sixteen supporting Maddux. The remaining member, Senator Charles O'Brien of Crossville, was in seclusion and could not be reached by either side. Clement, sensing victory, sent his sister Anna Belle, who also served as his chief of staff, to visit O'Brien's home and persuade him to support Gorrell. Exactly what occurred is unknown, but while O'Brien voted for Maddux, who was returned to office, Anna Belle Clement married Senator O'Brien, later serving in the Senate herself as Anna Belle Clement O'Brien, while Senator O'Brien later went on to serve as Chief Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court. Gorrell's turn was to come two years later.
Gorrell was regarded as being both pro-business and somewhat progressive. After leaving state government he became a lobbyist and was regarded as the most influential lobbyist in the state at the time of his death.
Death.
Gorrell died in March 1994 as a result of a choking incident at a restaurant in Brentwood, Tennessee.


Georges Oltramare

Georges Oltramare (born 17 April 1896 in Geneva – died 16 August 1960 in Geneva) was a Swiss author and fascist politician who became involved in collaboration in Nazi-occupied France.
Born into a leading Geneva family, he obtained a "demi-licence" in law at the University of Geneva in 1919. He became a noted author, winning the Foundation Schiller prize for his 1927 novel "Don Juan ou la Solitude" and also wrote for a number of right wing journals, specifically "Le Pilori", which specialized in anti-Semitism. He began direct involvement in politics in 1931 when he set up the "Ordre politique national", merging this with the "Union de Défense économique" to form the "Union nationale" the following year. This fascist movement, which represented the country's French population, gained little support, although Oltramare was invited to participate in the anti-communist "Entente nationale genevoise" with more conservative parties in 1936. He remained leader of the "Union Nationale" until 1940 when he left the country to settle in German-occupied France.
Adopting the pseudonym Charles Dieudonné, Oltramare took up his pen in support of the Nazis, eventually becoming director of "La France au travail", a German-funded newspaper aimed at converting the country's trade unionists and former communists to the Nazi cause. Also writing for "L'Appel" and "Revivre", as well as broadcasting on Radio Paris, Oltramare even survived an assassination attempt on the Champs-Élysées.
He left France in August 1944 for Sigmaringen, eventually returning to Switzerland in April 1945. Arrested for compromising Switzerland's independence, he spent the next few years in and out detention before being freed in 1952. He went on to live in Spain and Egypt, where he briefly worked as a propagandist for the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser, before returning to Switzerland where he was allowed to revive "Le Pilori", which this time combined Poujadism with anti-Semitism. Notwithstanding a sentence of death that had been passed on him by a French court in 1950 Oltramare died of natural causes in Geneva.


Garen Wintemute

Garen J. Wintemute is an emergency medicine physician at UC Davis Medical Center, where he is the director of the Violence Prevention Research Program. He conducts research in the fields of injury epidemiology and the prevention of firearm violence. He has been named a "hero of medicine" by Time Magazine. He is the director of the University of California Firearm Violence Research Center, which was established in 2017; the center is the first state-funded gun violence research center in the country.
Research.
Wintemute is one of a few public health experts researching gun violence in the United States—he has said that there are only a dozen researchers in the United States who study this subject, including him. He has funded this research in part through more than $1 million of his own money. In 1987, he published a study on accidental gun deaths among children in California, of which 88 occurred between 1977 and 1983. The same study found that in about one-third of incidents, the shooter did not know the gun was loaded or real. At a press conference to announce the study's results,
multiple real guns like those involved in the accidental deaths were placed next to toy lookalikes; few of the reporters in attendance could tell them apart. His research on Saturday night special handguns, especially a 1994 study he published entitled "Ring of Fire", has been credited as the main reason for the California government's efforts to impose strict regulations on them. In 2017 he has published a study showing that gun owners with an alcohol-related criminal conviction are more likely than gun owners without such a conviction to be arrested for a subsequent gun-related crime.


Rodney Hulin


Alona Alegre

Alona Alegre is the screen name of Filipino actress Maria Lourdes Salvador (b.1948 – d.December 9, 2018), daughter of comedian actor Lou Salvador and LVN actress Inday Jalandoni. She was among the "102 children" fathered by Lou Salvador whose progeny includes Leroy Salvador, Lou Salvador Jr., Phillip Salvador, Juan Miguel Salvador, Ross Rival, Mina Aragon, etc.
She made her film debut as a seven-year-old poor girl in the 1955 movie "Tagapagmana" under LVN Pictures.
Life.
Alona was born in the Philippines in 1948. She died on December 9, 2018.
Political views.
Alona Alegre was a supporter of President Ferdinand Marcos. She led a rally of Marcos loyalists at the "Plaza Nuestra Señora de Guia" in Ermita, Manila on May 1, 1987.


Clemens von Pirquet

Clemens Peter Freiherr von Pirquet (12 May 187428 February 1929) was an Austrian scientist and pediatrician best known for his contributions to the fields of bacteriology and immunology.
Career.
Born in Vienna, he studied theology at the University of Innsbruck and philosophy at the University of Leuven before he enrolled at the University of Graz where he became a doctor of medicine in 1900. He started practicing at the Children's Clinic in Vienna.
In 1906 he noticed that patients who had previously received injections of horse serum or smallpox vaccine had quicker, more severe reactions to a second injection. He, along with Béla Schick, coined the word allergy (from the Greek "allos" meaning "other" and "ergon" meaning "work") to describe this hypersensitivity reaction.
Soon after, the observation with smallpox led Pirquet to realize that tuberculin, which
Robert Koch isolated from the bacteria that cause tuberculosis in 1890, might lead to a similar type of reaction. Charles Mantoux expanded upon Pirquet's ideas and the Mantoux test, in which tuberculin is injected into the skin, became a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in 1907.
In 1909 he declined proposals to take a position at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and to become a professor at the Johns Hopkins University. In 1910 he returned to Europe taking positions in Breslau (now Wrocław) and then Vienna.
Suicide.
On 28 February 1929 Clemens von Pirquet and his wife committed suicide with potassium cyanide.


Pauline Frederick

Pauline Frederick (born Pauline Beatrice Libbey, August 12, 1883 – September 19, 1938) was an American stage and film actress.
Early life.
Frederick was born Pauline Beatrice Libbey (later changed to Libby) in Boston in 1883 (some sources state 1884 or 1885), the only child of Richard O. and Loretta C. Libbey. Her father worked as a yardmaster for the Old Colony Railroad before becoming a salesman. Her parents separated when she was a toddler and Frederick was raised primarily by her mother to whom she remained close for the remainder of her life (her parents divorced around 1897). As a girl, she was fascinated with show business, and determined early to place her goals in the direction of the theater. She studied acting, singing and dancing at Miss Blanchard's Finishing School in Boston where she later graduated.
Her father, however, discouraged her ambitions to be an actress and encouraged her to become an elocution teacher. After pursuing a career as an actress, her father disinherited her (he died in 1922). Due to her father's attitude towards her acting career, Pauline adopted the surname "Frederick" as her stage name. She legally changed her name to Pauline Frederick in 1908.
Career.
She made her stage debut at the age of 17 as a chorus girl in the farce "The Rogers Brothers at Harvard", but was fired shortly thereafter. She won other small roles on the stage before being discovered by illustrator Harrison Fisher who called her "the purest American beauty." With Fisher's help, she landed more substantial stage roles. Nicknamed "The Girl with the Topaz Eyes", Fredrick was cast in the lead roles in the touring productions of "The Little Gray Lady" and "The Girl in White" in 1906. She briefly retired from acting after her first marriage in 1909, but returned to the stage in January 1913 in "Joseph and His Brethren".
A well-known stage star, Frederick was already in her 30s when she made her film debut in 1915 as Donna Roma in "The Eternal City". In March 1927, she received some of her better reviews when she appeared in the play "Madame X" in London. Frederick was able to make a successful transition to "talkies" in 1929, and was cast as Joan Crawford's mother in "This Modern Age" (1931). Frederick did not like acting in sound films and returned to Broadway in 1932 in "When the Bough Breaks". She would continue the remainder of her career appearing in films and also touring in stage productions in the United States, Europe and Australia.
Personal life.
Frederick's personal life was beset with marital and financial problems. Despite having reportedly made a million dollars for her work in silent films, Frederick filed for bankruptcy in 1933.
Frederick was married five times. In 1909, she married architect Frank Mills Andrews. Frederick then briefly retired from acting, but returned upon divorcing Andrews in 1913. She married her second husband, playwright Willard Mack, on September 27, 1917. They divorced in August 1920. Her third husband was Dr. Charles A. Rutherford, a physician, whom she married in Santa Ana, California in 1922. Frederick filed for divorce in December 1924. Their divorce was finalized on January 6, 1925.
It was around this time that the then 43-year-old first met the much younger Clark Gable, then a struggling actor, with whom she allegedly had a two-year affair.
Frederick married her fourth husband, millionaire hotel and Interstate News Company owner Hugh Chisholm Leighton (1878-1942) on April 20, 1930 in New York City. Leighton had the marriage annulled in December 1930 claiming that he was Frederick's husband "in name only".
Frederick's fifth marriage, in January 1934, was to an ailing United States Army colonel, Joseph A. Marmon, commander of the 16th Infantry Regiment. They remained married until Marmon's death on December 4, 1934.
Death.
On January 17, 1936, Frederick underwent emergency surgery on her abdomen. Her health steadily declined, which limited her ability to work. She was dealt a further blow when her mother died in 1937.
On September 16, 1938, Frederick suffered an asthma attack. She suffered a second, fatal asthma attack on September 19, 1938 while she was recuperating at her aunt's home in Beverly Hills. According to her wishes, a private funeral was held on September 23 in Hollywood, after which she was buried at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Pauline Frederick has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard.


List of choking deaths

This is a list of notable people who have died by choking.


Publius Rufus Anteius

Publius Rufus Anteius was a politician of ancient Rome of the 1st century CE.
Syria.
Anteius was a notably wealthy man in Rome. He had in the past served as legate of Roman Syria, and governed Dalmatia in 51. He was close friends with Agrippina the Younger, mother of the emperor Nero, and had in the past received gifts and promotions because of her patronage. As part of Nero's short-lived reconciliation with his mother at the end of 55, Anteius was promised governorship of Syria, though by the time of Agrippina's murder on Nero's order in 59, this does not appear to have come to pass. Continuous excuses were made to keep Anteius in Rome, and leave the incumbent Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus in charge of Syria. On Ummidius's death in 60, governorship was given to Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo instead of Anteius.
Accusation and death.
In 66, Anteius was detained in Rome by Nero after having been denounced, along with Publius Ostorius Scapula, by Antistius Sosianus. Because an accusation -- "delatio" -- would mean the accuser might receive some portion of the property of the accused, this could be quite lucrative in imperial Rome. The grounds for this accusation were that Sosianus said he had discovered that Anteius had set up a yearly pension for the exiled Greek astrologer Pammenes -- at this time, use of astrology could result in a charge of magic and treason against the emperor. As proof, Sosianus produced a letter from Pammenes to Anteius, as well as Pammenes's notes on Anteius's and Nero's future careers, ostensibly requested by Anteius.
The accused quickly became the condemned, without much in the way of a formal trial, if any. Fear of Nero, and of getting swept up in the accusation, was so great that none of Anteius's friends even stepped forward to witness his last will and testament. Finally, the praetorian prefect Tigellinus, did it, warning Anteius not to "procrastinate" with preparations for his death. Tigellinus was himself a noted profiteer from such accusations, and it's likely he himself profited by witnessing the will.
Anteius was already disliked by Nero on account of his intimacy with Nero's hated mother Agrippina, and was forced by Nero to kill himself in 67. Anteius first took poison, which did not work, and after which he cut open his own veins.
This Anteius's cognomen "Rufus" is not recorded in the account of Tacitus, but is ascribed to him by the scholar Edmund Groag based on inscriptions in his "Prosopographia Imperii Romani".
Relations.
There was also an Anteius who fought with Germanicus on the front in Germania, and was banished and executed by the emperor Caligula, who was perhaps the father of Publius Rufus Anteius. Josephus mentions one, killed by the bodyguards of Caligula, who may be Publius Rufus Anteius's brother. As well there is recorded by Pliny an Anteia, who was the wife of Helvidius Priscus, who is possibly the daughter of Publius Rufus Anteius.


George L. Kinnard

George L. Kinnard (1803 – November 26, 1836) was a Representative from Indiana; born in Pennsylvania in 1803; moved with his widowed mother to Tennessee and completed preparatory studies; moved to Indianapolis, Ind., in 1823; studied law; was admitted to the bar and practised in Marion County, Indiana; assessor for Marion County in 1826 and 1827; member of the State house of representatives 1827–1830; county surveyor 1831–1835; colonel of the State militia; elected as a Jacksonian to the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served from March 4, 1833, until his death on November 26, 1836; interment probably in Presbyterian Burying Ground (now Washington Park), Cincinnati, Ohio.
In 1829, Kinnard was hired by William Miller, to lay out the town of Eagle Village.
Kinnard was serving in the Indiana General Assembly when legislation was passed on January 29, 1830, providing for the organization of Boone County, Indiana (to be effective on April 1, 1830) Colonel Kinnard was "in on the ground floor" to further developments. Knowing that the new county would need a county seat which would probably be located in or near the unit's geographical center, Kinnard and business partner James Perry Drake busied themselves looking over surveys and records, and found that there were three parcels of land yet available in the very center of the county.
Accordingly, Kinnard and Drake made entry on the three tracts at the Federal land office in Crawfordsville, on March 1, 1830, receiving their "patents" or deeds from the U. S. Government on February 8, 1831. It is assumed that they paid $l.25 an acre for the land, which was then the usual price. One of these tracts contained 62.32 acres, and lay between what is now Fordice and South Streets, and extended east from the meridian line to Park Street. Eighty acres in a second tract lay immediately west of the meridian line, and was bounded on the south by South street, and on the north by Royal and Fordice Streets. Just southwest of this acreage was another eighty which ran from South street to Noble street, and almost to Patterson street on the west.
With the land acquired, it is reasonable to believe that the two set to work at once platting a town on a portion of their holdings. This area, as platted, roughly was bounded on the north by Royal and Fordice streets, on the east by Park Street, on the south by South Street, and on the west by Clark Street. The plat consisted of 12 outlots, 19 blocks exclusive of the public square, and five partial blocks, with the full and partial blocks forming what is known as the "Original Plat" of Lebanon. Each of the 19 blocks was divided into eight lots, each lot being approximately 60 by 120 feet in size. This "Original Plat" extended from a line some thirty feet south of South Street, north to Williams Street, and from a line midway between East and Park streets west to Clark Street.
Despite the assertion made in a letter written many years afterward by a former resident of Boone County that the Indianapolis and Lafayette Road was surveyed and located in 1829, there is good evidence that this was not so. Apparently, the actual surveying was not done until some time in 1831, and after Kinnard and Drake had mapped out the town site which they hoped would become the county seat.
Kinnard, as Marion County's surveyor, surveyed the highway through the wilderness, working northwest from Indianapolis toward Lafayette. When he reached the town plat that he and Drake had set up, he made certain that travelers would not miss the place by the simple expedient of jogging the road west down Main street a distance of some eight blocks, to angle out Lafayette avenue and on northwest toward Lafayette. He did not however foresee the day when a great highway, Interstate 65, would nullify his careful planning by going around his "dream city".
From: Birth Certificates of Boone County, Indiana, by Ralph W. Stark, 1979
Death.
Kinnard was aboard the steamship "Flora," when the two pipes connecting the boilers separated and caused an explosion aboard the ship. Kinnard received injuries that would eventually claim his life on November 26, 1836.


Kerch Strait oil spill


Ralph Hunter Daughton

Ralph Hunter Daughton (September 23, 1885 – December 22, 1958) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Virginia from 1944 to 1947.
Early life and career.
Born in Washington, D.C., Daughton attended public and private schools in Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland.
He was graduated from the law department of National University, Washington, D.C., in 1905.
He was admitted to the bar in 1907 and practiced law in Washington, D.C., and later joined the investigative agency of the Department of Justice, which later became the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1910.
He moved to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1912, and served as chief of the F.B.I. for Virginia, North Carolina, West Virginia, and part of Maryland until after the First World War.
He commenced the private practice of law in Norfolk, Virginia.
He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1933 to 1940.
He served as member of the Senate of Virginia from 1940 to 1944.
In 1938 he was elected president of the Piedmont Baseball League and served for nine years.
Congress.
Daughton was elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-eighth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Winder R. Harris and at the same time was elected to the Seventy-ninth Congress and served from November 7, 1944, to January 3, 1947.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1946.
Later career and death.
He resumed the practice of law until his death.
He died in Norfolk, Virginia, December 22, 1958.
He was interred in Mount Olivet Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
Election of 1944.
Daughton won the special election to Congress, defeating Republican Thomas L. Woodward and Independent W.B. Shafer winning 54.47% of the vote. Daughton won the general election over the same two opponents with 57.68% of the vote.