John Berry (film director)

John Berry (September 6, 1917 – November 29, 1999) was an American film director, who went into self-exile in France when his career was interrupted by the Hollywood blacklist.
Early life.
John Berry was born Jak Szold in The Bronx, New York, the son of a Polish-Jewish father and a Romanian mother. He was a child performer in vaudeville, first going on stage at the age of four. In his teens he briefly worked as a boxer under the name Jackie Sold. Berry's father was a restaurateur who at one point owned 28 restaurants around New York City, but he went out of business during the Great Depression and Berry sought to support himself by working as a comedian and master of ceremonies in the Catskill resorts as well as working as an actor.
Mercury Theatre and Hollywood.
Berry's first big break came when he was hired by the Mercury Theatre for its debut production, titled "Caesar" (1937). Berry acted in other roles with the theater and assisted Orson Welles in directing the 1942 production of "Native Son". In a late-life interview with "The New York Times", Berry spoke positively of his association with Welles and John Houseman, who co-founded the Mercury. "It was like living near the center of a volcano of creating inspiration and fury, glamorous and exciting, full of the kind of theatricality that seems lost forever," he said.
By 1943, Houseman was producing films in Hollywood at Paramount Pictures and hired Berry, who attended Paramount Studios' director-in-training programme, to direct Houseman's production of "Miss Susie Slagle's" starring Veronica Lake and Lillian Gish.
Berry stayed with Paramount in Hollywood and directed other features, including "From This Day Forward" and "Cross My Heart". Berry was sacked by Paramount for refusing to direct the studio's 1946 Alan Ladd spy film "O.S.S."
Berry returned to direct the musical "Casbah" (1948) for Tony Martin's production company featuring Martin and Yvonne De Carlo for Universal, "Tension" (1950) for MGM, and "He Ran All the Way" (1951) starring John Garfield and Shelley Winters.
Blacklisted.
In 1950, Berry agreed to direct a short documentary on the Hollywood 10, a group of directors and writers who refused to cooperate with the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in their pursuit of supposed Communist Party infiltration within the U.S. film industry. After directing the crime drama "He Ran All the Way" (1951), Berry was named as a communist by fellow director and former party member Edward Dmytryk, one of the Hollywood Ten, who had been jailed for contempt of Congress for refusing to cooperate with HUAC. After being released from prison, Dmytryk had gone into exile in England, but he subsequently sought to reenter the Hollywood film industry and voluntarily testified before HUAC in April 1951, clearing himself by "naming names." Berry had joined the Communist Party during the Spanish Civil War.
By naming Berry and 25 other alleged communists, Dmytryk was then able to resume his Hollywood career. Berry was also named by ex-Communist Party member Frank Tuttle, who testified before HUAC in 1951 after returning from Austria, to clear his name and regain employment in Hollywood. Unable to secure work, Berry left the U.S. and resettled with his family in Paris. "He Ran All the Way" would be the last American film Berry directed for nearly a quarter of a century.
In France, Berry was hired to co-direct "Atoll K" (1951), the last comedy film of Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy. However, the blacklisted Berry did not receive screen credit; only French director Léo Joannon was credited as director.
During the 1950s, Berry directed two films starring Eddie Constantine, "Ça va barder" (1953) and "Je suis un sentimental" (1955), and he also directed "Tamango" (1958), a film about a slave uprising that starred Dorothy Dandridge.
Exile's return.
The blacklist was broken in 1960 with the release of two films written by blacklisted Hollywood Ten member Dalton Trumbo; "Exodus" and "Spartacus", which gave Trumbo — one of the most prominent of the Ten — his first screen credits since being blackballed by Hollywood. With the blacklist gone, Berry returned to the U.S. in the early 1960s, where he directed episodes of the TV shows "East Side/West Side" and "Seaway".
He continued to work in France, but again returned to the U.S in the 1970s and directed several films, including "Claudine" (1974), starring Diahann Carroll, for which she received an Academy Award nomination, and "The Bad News Bears Go to Japan" (1978). At the time of his death in Paris, he was editing a film version (released in 2000, starring Danny Glover and Angela Bassett) of the 1969 Athol Fugard play "Boesman and Lena", which he had directed in its acclaimed US premiere at the Circle in the Square Theatre in 1970.
Legacy.
John Berry divided the remainder of his career between theater direction in London and film direction in Paris. His experiences during the Hollywood blacklist era were the inspiration of the character played by Robert De Niro in the film "Guilty by Suspicion" (1991). Berry had played Ben, the night club owner, in the movie "Round Midnight" (1986), which was produced by Irwin Winkler, the writer-director of "Guilty by Suspicion".
Berry, looking back at his career for an interview with "Newsday", remarked: "I wouldn't give up my life for anything. I have been a curiously blessed individual despite all I've lived through."
Dennis Berry, also a film director, is his son.


The Bill Goodwin Show

The Bill Goodwin Show is a variety program that was broadcast on NBC television September 11, 1951 - March 27, 1952.
Schedule.
The program was seen on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, initially alternating days with "The Bert Parks Show". When the Parks program moved to CBS, a program headed by Ralph Edwards replaced it on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
Format.
Sponsored by General Electric appliances, the program featured music, songs, guest and interviews. A reviewer for the trade publication Billboard found that the show's debut broadcast left much to be desired: The new "Bill Goodwin Show" is described by NBC as "A variety-musical comedy-audience participation series with guest personalities." In a do-or-die attempt to live up to this ever-stuffed analysis of its content, the initial program fell flat on its format. . . Goodwin has a lot of charm and should click big in TV once NBC decides to let him be himself instead of Berle-Parks-and-O'Neill all rolled up into one impossible package.
Personnel.
Generally known as an announcer, Bill Goodwin left that role with "The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show" to become the host of his own daytime program. Eileen Barton and Roger Dann were vocalists, and the Joe Bushkin Trio provided instrumental music. Louis Cowan and Sherman Marks produced the show; Bob E. Emerick was a writer.


Wa$ted! (New Zealand TV series)

Wa$ted! is a New Zealand reality television series which shows families their impact on the environment and helps them to become greener in their daily lives. The show has been acclaimed as the first show of its type. Even in production, they reduce their impact on the earth by using hybrid cars, crew carpooling, and reusing props.
The series spawned versions in 15 countries outside of New Zealand. "Wa$ted" was also produced as a television show most notably in the United States, and also in Canada, Spain, Denmark, Portugal, and Malaysia.
Format.
The show starts with Francesca and Tristan returning one year's worth of rubbish to the family. From here, they filter through the rubbish with the family to show them what they could have recycled and what environmental impact their rubbish is doing. Taking into account rubbish, electricity, water, and transportation, an ecological footprint is calculated to show how much land it would take to provide the resources for their household. They also calculate how many tones of carbon dioxide the family would emit in a year, comparing it to the national average (in New Zealand its 2.5 tones per person per year).
Francesca and Tristan then help the family reduce their environmental impact. Recycling and food scrap systems are implemented and followed by dealing with heating, power consumption, water consumption, and transportation. This includes a section called Tristan's Test where Tristan tests their knowledge (usually the children) of what environment impact a simple task can do.
After completing the tasks of reducing the household impact, Francesca and Tristan leave for three weeks to watch how good the families are at using the new systems. They promise to project forward any savings the family makes in those three weeks for one year and give those savings back in cash. On their return, Francesca and Tristan reveal how much the family's household footprint and carbon dioxide emissions have been reduced. Francesca then opens a green bucket, containing the savings they would have produced over a year, and gives the cash to the family.
Differences in Season One.
In season one the carbon dioxide emissions and Tristan's test were not used.


John Brown (actor)

John Brown (April 4, 1904 – May 16, 1957) was an English radio and film actor.
Early years.
Brown was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England.
Radio.
Brown had major roles in several popular radio shows: He was "John Doe" in the Texaco Star Theater's version of Fred Allen's Allen's Alley, played Irma's love interest Al in "My Friend Irma", both "Gillis" and Digby "Digger" O'Dell in "The Life of Riley", (a role he reprised for the first incarnation of the television show), "Broadway" in "The Damon Runyon Theatre", and "Thorny" the neighbor on the radio version of "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet". Perhaps his most memorable piece of work is the ‘Broadway’ role; once heard, many find it impossible to think of the narrator of Damon Runyon’s stories as anyone else. It was a measure of Brown’s talent that this quintessentially American character was portrayed by an Englishman.
Film.
Brown appeared in some notable films: as the inebriated professor in Hitchcock’s "Strangers on a Train" (1951), "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951, uncredited), and "The Wild One" (1953); he supplied the voice of "Ro-Man" in the 1953 cult science fiction B-film "Robot Monster".
Television.
In early television, Brown was the second actor (after Hal March) to play "Harry Morton", the next-door neighbor of George Burns and Gracie Allen in their situation comedy show, opposite Bea Benaderet; his tenure on the series lasted six months, and he was replaced by Fred Clark in June 1951.
Personal life.
In 1952, Brown was placed on the Hollywood blacklist.
Death.
Brown died of a heart attack on May 16, 1957, in West Hollywood, California, while en route to his doctor's office.


MetaPost

MetaPost refers to both a programming language and the interpreter of the MetaPost programming language. Both are derived from Donald Knuth's Metafont language and interpreter. MetaPost produces vector graphic diagrams from a geometric/algebraic description. The language shares Metafont's declarative syntax for manipulating lines, curves, points and geometric transformations. However,
Many of the limitations of MetaPost derive from features of Metafont. For instance, MetaPost does not support all features of PostScript. Most notably, paths can have only one segment (so that regions are simply connected), and regions can be filled only with uniform colours. PostScript level 1 supports tiled patterns and PostScript 3 supports Gouraud shading.
Availability and usage.
MetaPost is distributed with many distributions of the TeX and Metafont framework, for example, it is included in the MiKTeX and the TeX Live distributions.
The encapsulated postscript produced by Metapost can be included in LaTeX, ConTeXt, and TeX documents via standard graphics inclusion commands. The encapsulated postscript output can also be used with the PDFTeX engine, thus directly giving PDF. This ability is implemented in ConTeXt and in the LaTeX graphics package, and can be used from plain TeX via the supp-pdf.tex macro file.
ConTeXt and LuaTeX supports the inclusion of MetaPost code within the input file. Inclusion of MetaPost code in LaTeX is also possible by using LaTeX-packages, for example gmp or mpgraphics.
Examples.
This is a single file <samp>example.mp</samp> which when processed by the MetaPost interpreter (via the command codice_1 on Linux) produces three eps files <samp>example.1</samp>, <samp>example.2</samp>, <samp>example.3</samp>. These are pictured on the right.
transform pagecoords;
pagecoords:=identity scaled 10mm shifted (100mm,150mm);
beginfig (1)
 fill ((0,0)--(2,0)--(2,1)--(1,1)--(1,2)--(0,2)--cycle)
 transformed pagecoords withcolor green;
 draw ((2,0)..(2,1)..(1,1)..(1,2)..(0,2))
 transformed pagecoords;
 drawarrow ((0,0)--(2,2)) transformed pagecoords;
endfig;
beginfig (2)
 draw (for i=0 upto 7: dir (135i)-- endfor cycle)
 transformed pagecoords;
endfig;
pagecoords:=identity scaled 15mm shifted (100mm,150mm);
beginfig (3);
 % declare paths to be used
 path p[],p[]t;
 % set up points by defining relationships
 z1=(0,0); z2=z1+2up;
 z3=z1+whatever*dir (60)=z2+whatever*dir (-50);
 z4=z3+(-1.5,-.5);
 z5=z1+dir (135);
 z0=whatever[z1,z2]=whatever[z3,z4];
 % set up paths
 p0=fullcircle yscaled .5 rotated 45 shifted z0 ;
 p1=z2---z4..z0..z3---z1;
 p2=p1 cutbefore p0 cutafter p0;
 p3=p0 cutbefore p1 cutafter p1;
 p4=p2---p3---cycle;
 % define transformed versions of paths and points
 for i=0 upto 4: p[i]t=p[i] transformed pagecoords; endfor
 for i=0 upto 5: z[i]t=z[i] transformed pagecoords; endfor
 % do some drawing
 fill p4t withcolor (1,1,0.2);
 draw z1t---z2t withcolor .5white;
 draw z3t---z4t withcolor .5white;
 pickup pencircle;
 draw p0t dashed withdots scaled .3;
 draw p1t dashed evenly;
 draw p2t withcolor blue;
 draw p3t withcolor red;
 label.lrt (btex $z_0$ etex, z0t);
 label.llft (btex $z_1$ etex, z1t);
 label.top (btex $z_2$ etex, z2t);
 label.rt (btex $z_3$ etex, z3t);
 label.llft (btex $z_4$ etex, z4t);
 for i=0 upto 4:
 drawdot z[i]t withpen pencircle scaled 2;
 endfor
endfig;
bye
The resulting three eps files can be used in TeX via LaTeX's codice_2 command, ConTeXt's codice_3, Plain TeX's codice_4 command, or (in Plain pdftex) the codice_5 command from <samp>supp-pdf.tex</samp>. To view or print the third diagram, this inclusion is necessary, as the TeX fonts (Computer Modern) are not included in the eps files produced by MetaPost by default.


ITU Constitution and Convention


Robert E. England

Robert E. England is an American political scientist. He is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Political Science at Oklahoma State University. He is a former graduate student of David R. Morgan.
England is the Founding Editor of "International Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management" and an Editorial Board member for the "Journal of Social Change".
Education.
England earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma in 1974. He earned a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Oklahoma, graduating in 1982.
Career & Scholarship.
England began his career as an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Oklahoma State University in 1982. In 1990, he reached the rank of full professor, and in 1997, he became head of the department. His scholarly work includes coauthorship of "Race, Class, and Education: The Politics of Second Generation Discrimination", "Oklahoma Politics & Policies: Governing the Sooner State", and "Managing Urban America".
England was the co-founder of the Master's of Science in Fire and Emergency Management Administration at OSU, and he is founding editor of the "International Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management".


Vineta provisional

The Vineta Provisional () is a German postage stamp made on 13 April 1901 on board the cruiser SMS "Vineta". The postal officer had not been supplied with 3 Pfennig Germania stamps, so he bisected his 5 Pfennig stamps (Michel Nummer 55) and stamped them by hand with a "3 PF" mark. Mail with the Vineta provisional stamp was sent from Pernambuco to Germany on 17 April 1901. Only 600 stamps were issued making this provisional stamp one of the rarer stamps in German philately.
Catalogue status.
The stamp gained notoriety after it was included in the Michel catalogue as a regular stamp and given the number 67. Collectors who aspired to put together a complete collection of issues of the Reichspost had an interest in acquiring this stamp. However, because philatelists generally considered the stamp a self-made variety, not an official issue by the Reichspost, the #67 assignment was heavily criticised and eventually withdrawn. As a result, prices for the stamp have declined.
The stamp has been forged.


Philip Loeb

Philip Loeb (March 28, 1891 – September 1, 1955), was an American stage, film, and television actor, director and author. He was blacklisted under McCarthyism and committed suicide in response.
Early life.
Philip Loeb was born March 28, 1891, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He first performed in a high school production of Lady Gregory's "The Workhouse Ward". He served in the Army, then worked as stage manager of "The Green Goddess". During his short career, he directed seven Broadway productions and appeared in 36 Broadway plays., his first "If I Were King" at the Shubert Theatre, 1916 and his last "Time Out For Ginger", 1953, at the Lyceum Theatre. Loeb also was co-author of the film adaptation of "Room Service" starring the Marx Brothers, Loeb had previously appeared in the hit Broadway show of the same name which had a 500 performance run at Broadway's Cort Theatre. His stage career gained strength in the early 1920s when he became associated with the newly formed Theatre Guild in New York City. His stage work lessened in the 1930s, while he worked with Actors' Equity Association. (It is his work with Equity that is thought to have prompted the charges of Communist leanings.)
In 1948, Loeb portrayed the role of Jake Goldberg on Broadway in Gertrude Berg's play "Me and Molly" which was based on Berg's long-running radio show "The Goldbergs". After the play, he reprised the role on the television adaptation of "The Goldbergs" on CBS. Loeb became a viewer favorite as the exasperated, loving husband Jake to Berg's meddlesome, bighearted Molly Goldberg.
Blacklisting.
In June 1950, "Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television", named Loeb as a Communist. Loeb denied being a Communist, but the sponsors of "The Goldbergs", General Foods, insisted that he be dropped from the show's cast due to his "controversiality". Berg (who had created the show and owned it on both radio and television) refused to fire Loeb, but Loeb soon resigned, accepting a settlement which was estimated at $40,000 ($ today).
Loeb's last acting job was in the 1953 Broadway production of "Time Out for Ginger" and its subsequent Chicago production in 1954.
Death.
In his memoirs, "Inside Out", blacklisted screenwriter Walter Bernstein describes Loeb as being disconsolate and depressed as a result of the blacklisting. Loeb was the sole support of a mentally disturbed son, and was burdened with financial problems. Bernstein was part of a circle of friends including Zero Mostel, and said "I never saw Loeb smile, even when Zero was at his hilarious best."
The following year Loeb committed suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills in the Taft Hotel in midtown Manhattan on September 1, 1955. No note was found. Loeb was buried in Mount Sinai Cemetery in his native Philadelphia.
Legacy.
Loeb's suicide was reflected in the character Hecky Brown, played by his real-life friend Zero Mostel (himself a blacklisted performer), in "The Front" (1976), Martin Ritt's film examining the Hollywood blacklist (also starring Woody Allen). The screenplay of the movie was written by Walter Bernstein, another blacklisted friend.
Loeb's case is also noted in the Philip Roth novel "I Married a Communist".
The American Academy of Dramatic Arts—where Loeb was an instructor—awards an annual scholarship in his memory. Equity briefly issued the Philip Loeb Humanitarian Award.


Robert Nixon (filmmaker)

Robert Henry Nixon (born 1954) is an American film director, writer and conservationist. His films, often focused on the battles of tribal peoples and field biologists, include "Amazon Diary", "America The Beautiful", "The End of the Game", "Fossey's War", "Gorillas in the Mist", "Endangered Species", "The Last Rivermen", "American Heroes", "Mission Blue", "Great White Highway", "The Lord God Bird", "Peter Beard's Africa: Last Word From Paradise", "The Flight Of Double Eagle II", "So Long Lady" and "The Falconer."
Early life and education.
Nixon was born in 1954. His father, Robert, was an executive with Chrysler; his mother, Agnes Nixon, the creator of "One Life to Live" and "All My Children", is regarded as a pioneer in bringing social consciousness to daytime television.
Raised in a Philadelphia suburb, Nixon aspired to be a field biologist but academic challenges at Episcopal Academy led him to England, where he was an apprentice falconer to Master Falconer Phillip Glasier. He subsequently searched the rainforest of Guyana to study and photograph the little-known ornate hawk eagle and the harpy eagle.
Returning to America, Nixon established a Raptor education program at The Wildlife Preserve under the guidance of master falconer Jim Fowler, the co-host of "Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom".
Career.
Film.
Often hired to "fly" raptors for feature films and television commercials, Nixon began his career in film as a professional falconer in the mid-70s. In 1976, he began producing adventure and environmental documentaries for ABC's "American Sportsman" series.
In 1979, Nixon led a film crew to Rwanda to produce a documentary about famed zoologist Dian Fossey. Nixon pressed Fossey to allow him to make a dramatic film about her life; she agreed to grant him the rights to her story, for free, provided that he spend a year dedicated to hands-on conservation. Film studios became interested in Fossey's life after she was murdered in 1985, and her story was told in the feature film, "Gorillas in the Mist," which Nixon co-produced. The film, which starred Sigourney Weaver, was a critical and commercial success. Nixon next wrote, produced and directed the dramatic film "Amazon Diary", which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1990. Shot in the Amazon, the film examined the story of the Kayapo Indians, their relationship with the harpy eagle and their battle to protect the rain forest.
Nixon's subsequent films continued to focus on themes related to conservation, ecology, and environmental activism, and included the 1990 documentary, "America the Beautiful", which was hosted by Curt Gowdy and featured President George H.W. Bush. In 2014, Nixon produced and directed "Mission Blue," a biographical portrait of renowned oceanographer and eco-activist Sylvia Earle. The film's premiere served as the opening of the 2014 Santa Barbara International Film Festival.
Nixon's film "Amazon Diary" was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2012.
Conservation.
In the early 1990s, after he read a "New York Times" article about the garbage-choked Anacostia River, which runs through one of America's poorest neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., Nixon decided that engaging local unemployed youth to restore their river would be his environmental year in honor of Fossey. Nixon moved from Malibu, California to Washington, D.C., and secured a $50,000 grant from the Coors Foundation to launch the Earth Conservation Corps, a stalled domestic policy initiative which Nixon had discussed with President George G.W. Bush during the production of "America the Beautiful." He persuaded seven teenage boys and two teenage girls to volunteer to clean up the river, and together they hauled thousands of tires from the water; the program later expanded to include replanting wetlands, restoring river habitats, and creating parks and trails. Since its launch, corps member have provided more than one million hours of service, mobilizing thousands of young people and fostering the involvement of the city and Federal government. Earth Conservation Corps has additionally established several environmental groups on the Anacostia River, including the Anacostia RiverKeeper, the Living Classroom Foundation, and the Pearl Coalition, an educational project centered on the Pearl, a schooner chartered for the largest recorded slave escape attempt in American history. Considered a model for minority engagement in environmental service, Earth Conservation Corps members volunteer 1700 hours restoring the Anacostia River and in return receive a nominal bi-weekly stipend and a college scholarship through the federal AmeriCorps program. Nixon, who originally intended to spend only a year on the project, has remained the group's leader for more than 20 years. "I came here because I thought, you know, point out the problem, and the cavalry would arrive and I'd go back to making feature films," he told CBS News correspondent Ed Bradley. "I'm still waiting for the cavalry, you know?"
Inspired by the impact of the Earth Conservation Corps, Nixon founded Wings Over America, a non-profit which pairs adjudicated youth with injured birds of prey as part of the rehabilitation process. His work as a conservationist and activist has generated significant media attention, and has been covered by "60 Minutes", "Now with Bill Moyers", PBS and NPR, among many other broadcast outlets. Nixon has been featured in publications including "Time," "The Washington Post", "The Los Angeles Times" and "The New York Times.".
Personal life.
Nixon and his wife, Sarah Thorsby Guinan, live in Washington, D.C., and Martha's Vineyard, where they own The Menemsha Inn and Cottages, the Beach Plum Inn and Restaurant, and the Home Port Restaurant.
After seeing a story about injured veterans in Afghanistan, their son, Jack, helped to conceive and organize the American Heroes Fishing Challenge. The challenge, which brings severely wounded active duty military from Walter Reed and Fort Belvoir military hospitals to New England to compete with 3,000 others in the Martha's Vineyard Striped Bass and Bluefish Derby, was the subject of a documentary Nixon and Guinan Nixon produced and directed.


Micro Notes - A Technical Information Quarterly


Larry Parks

Samuel Lawrence "Larry" Klausman Parks (December 13, 1914 – April 13, 1975) was an American stage and movie actor. His career arced from bit player and supporting roles to top billing, before it was virtually ended when he admitted to having once been a member of a Communist Party cell, which led to his blacklisting by all Hollywood studios. His best known role was Al Jolson, whom he portrayed in two films: "The Jolson Story" (1946) and "Jolson Sings Again" (1949).
Life and career.
Parks was born in Olathe, Kansas, the son of Nellie (Klausman) and Frank H. Parks. He was raised in the religion of his Mother, Jewish. He was raised in Joliet, Illinois, and graduated from Joliet Township High School in 1932.
He attended the University of Illinois as a pre-med student, and played in stock companies for a few years. He went to Hollywood at the suggestion of John Garfield, who said a part in a Warner Bros. film called "Mama Ravioli" was being held for him. The movie was cancelled, but Parks wound up signing a movie contract with Columbia Pictures in 1941.
Supporting player.
As did most Columbia contract players, he played supporting roles in higher-budgeted films, and larger roles in B pictures.
Parks could be seen in "Mystery Ship" (1941) and "Harmon of Michigan" (1941). He could be seen in the "A" films "You Belong to Me" (1941) and "Three Girls About Town" (1941). He could also be seen in "Sing for Your Supper" (1941), "Harvard, Here I Come" (1942), "Blondie Goes to College" (1942), "Canal Zone" (1942), "Alias Boston Blackie" (1942), "North of the Rockies" (1942), "Hello, Annapolis" (1942), and "Submarine Raider" (1942).
Parks was also in an A-movie, "They All Kissed the Bride" (1942) with Joan Crawford. Then he was in war films such as "Flight Lieutenant" (1942) and "Atlantic Convoy" (1942). Parks was in "A Man's World" (1942) and had a bigger part in "The Boogie Man Will Get You" (1942) with Boris Karloff and Peter Lorre.
Parks had a tiny part in "You Were Never Lovelier" (1942). He was in "Power of the Press" (1943), "Reveille with Beverly" (1943), "Redhead from Manhattan" (1943) with Lupe Vélez, "First Comes Courage" (1943) directed by Dorothy Arzner, and "Destroyer" (1943) with Glenn Ford.
Parks had bigger parts in "Is Everybody Happy?" (1943), "Deerslayer" (1943), "The Racket Man" (1944), "Hey, Rookie" (1944), and "Jam Session" (1944).
Leading man.
Parks graduated to leads with "The Black Parachute" (1944), "Stars on Parade" (1944), "Sergeant Mike" (1944), and "She's a Sweetheart" (1944).
He supported Paul Muni in "Counter-Attack" (1945). He was in a Western "Renegades" (1946), with Evelyn Keyes.
When Columbia was preparing a screen biography of Al Jolson, many big-name stars were considered for the title role, including James Cagney and Danny Thomas (both of whom turned it down), but resident contractee Larry Parks was reportedly the first actor to be interviewed. Parks impressed the producers and won the role. At the age of 31, his performance in "The Jolson Story" (1946) earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.
Stardom.
Now that Parks was a fully-fledged star, Columbia kept him busy in elaborate productions. He appeared opposite the studio's biggest star, Rita Hayworth, in "Down to Earth" (1947). That year, exhibitors voted him the 15th-biggest star in the US.
Then, he made some swashbucklers, "The Swordsman" (1948) and "The Gallant Blade" (1948). Parks tried to break his contract with Columbia in 1948, but was unsuccessful. That year he criticised HUAC.
He made "Jolson Sings Again" (1949), which was another huge box-office hit. His co-star in the film, Barbara Hale, teamed with him again in the comedy feature "Emergency Wedding" (1950). In 1950 he and his wife announced plans to make their own film "Stakeout". British exhibitors voted him the 9th-most popular star in the UK.
Blacklisting.
In 1951, Parks was summoned to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee, under threat of being blacklisted in the movie industry, but he begged not to be forced to testify. He eventually did so in tears, only to be blacklisted anyway. Parks eventually gave up the names of his former colleagues to the committee.
Following his admission before the committee, Columbia Pictures dropped him from his contract, although it had four years to run, and Parks had been set to star in the film "Small Wonder" (which later became "The First Time"). At the time, Parks' fee was $75,000 a film. A romantic comedy he made for MGM, "Love Is Better Than Ever", was shelved for a year.
He made a TV film for "The Ford Television Theatre" in 1953 and starred in the British film "Tiger by the Tail" (1955) in England.
He continued to squeeze out a living acting on the stage and doing occasional television programs. His last appearance in a major role was in the John Huston film, "" (1962).
Later career.
Parks eventually left the film industry and formed a successful construction business. Eventually, he and his wife, Betty Garrett, owned many apartment buildings scattered throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Rather than sell them upon completion, Parks decided to retain ownership and collect rents as a landlord, a decision that proved to be extremely profitable. During that period, the couple occasionally performed in Las Vegas showrooms, summer stock productions, and touring companies of Broadway shows.
Personal life.
Parks married actress Betty Garrett in 1944. She starred in Hollywood films such as "On the Town" and on television as Archie Bunker's neighbor Irene Lorenzo on "All in the Family" and as landlady Edna Babish on "Laverne and Shirley". Her career also faced turmoil as a result of her marriage to Parks, and the two spent much of the 1950s doing theatre and musical variety shows. Together, they had two sons, actor Andrew Parks and composer Garrett Parks. Larry Parks was also godfather to actor Jeff Bridges.
A Democrat, he supported Adlai Stevenson's campaign in the 1952 presidential election.
Parks died of a heart attack in 1975 at the age of 60.
Filmography.
1958 "Suspicion" (TV series)
Dr. Milt Krop
 (1954-1957) The Ford Television Theatre (TV Series)
as Jeff Penland / Hal Venner / Michael Craig / ...
- The Penlands and the Poodle (1957) ... Jeff Penland
- A Smattering of Bliss (1955) ... Hal Venner
- Tomorrow We'll Love (1955) ... Michael Craig
- Wedding March (1954) ... Ted Curtis
- The Happiest Day (1954) ... Dr. Lancaster
- Cross-Up (1954)
1958 Suspicion (TV Series)
Dr. Milt Krop
- Diagnosis: Death (1958) ... Dr. Milt Krop
 1954-1957 The Ford Television Theatre (TV Series)
Jeff Penland / Hal Venner / Michael Craig / ...
- The Penlands and the Poodle (1957) ... Jeff Penland
- A Smattering of Bliss (1955) ... Hal Venner
- Tomorrow We'll Love (1955) ... Michael Craig
- Wedding March (1954) ... Ted Curtis
- The Happiest Day (1954) ... Dr. Lancaster
 1954 Cross-Up


Gustavo Romano

Gustavo Romano is a Buenos Aires-born contemporary artist who works in a variety of media including actions, installations, net art, video and photography.
He uses media and technology devices as well as objects belonging to people's daily lives, decontextualizing them and trying to force viewers to think about their routines and preconceptions.
He won the Guggenheim Fellowship in 2006. He lives and works in Madrid.
Projects.
One of his projects is "Time Notes", which consists of performances of a series of actions using a new money system designed by Romano, with bills based on units of time (bills of 60 minutes, 5 years, etc.). One of those actions is the Lost Time Refund Office, where officers ask people who are passing by how have they lost their time and refund it with a time bill, at the same time creating a classification and a database of the losses. Since 2004, Romano has performed this piece on the streets of cities including Berlin, Singapore, Rostock, Vigo, Buenos Aires, Mexico, San Jose, Silicon Valley, Munich, and Madrid.
On 2009 he started the project called "Psychoeconomy!" an artistic platform for discussion and research, proposing an alternative approach on various global issues. Each edition involves an artist’s meeting, a public event and the publication of the resulting conclusions, documents, texts and graphic materials. The first edition was the Corporate Summit 2010, proposed in order to discuss the international financial crisis and prevailing monetary exchange systems. Four artists (CEOs of their own fake corporations), read the Madrid Declaration, at Matadero Madrid. The artists were Daniel García Andújar, Fran Ilich, Georg Zoche and Gustavo Romano.
Exhibitions.
He has participated in several international events like Videonale 11, Bonn (2007), the I Biennial of the End of the World, Ushuaia, Argentina (2007), the I Singapore Biennale (2006), the VII Havana Biennial (2000), the II Biennial of Porto Alegre, Brazil (1999), and the I Biennial of Lima (1997).
He has participated in new media and art in public space festivals such as Madrid Abierto (2009–2010), Transitio MX, Mexico (2007); Transmediale, Berlin (2003); Videobrasil (2005) and FILE (2001), São Paulo; Interferences (2000), Montbéliard; and Ars Electronica (1997), Vienna.
In 2008, he presented “Sabotaje en la Máquina Abstracta”(Sabotage in the Abstract Machine), a ten years’ anthological solo show at the MEIAC of Badajoz, Spain.
He has also had solo exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art of Buenos Aires, the Ruth Benzacar Gallery, Tamayo Museum, Mexico DF, among others.
Curatorial projects.
In 1996 Romano started and developed the virtual space "Fin del Mundo" (The End of the World), which provides a platform for the circulation of net art projects by Argentinean artists. It was the first of a kind in Latin-America.
He was the initiator of LIMbØ, an independent media lab that started in 2002 with the cooperation of the MAMBA (Museum of Modern Art of Buenos Aires).
He was the curator of the Virtual Space of the Cultural Center of Spain in Buenos Aires. He started and directed the MediaLab of this institution as well.
From 2004 to 2009, he was the director of the Medialab and the curator of the Virtual Space of the Cultural Center of Spain in Buenos Aires.
Since 2008, Romano has been the curator of NETescopio, an archive of net art projects for the MEIAC, of Badajoz, Spain.
In 2018 he was guest curator at The New Art Fest, a Lisbon-based art and technology festival.


Barbara McMartin

Barbara McMartin (November 18, 1931 – September 27, 2005) was an American mathematician who became an environmentalist and author of 25 books on the Adirondack Mountains.
Life.
Barbara McMartin was born November 18, 1931 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her father was physician D. Malcolm McMartin, and mother was Barbara (Clark) McMartin. She grew up with her family in Johnstown, New York, where her father had his practice. She was valedictorian of the Class of 1949 of Johnstown High School.
McMartin married young and had three children. She returned to college later, graduating from Vassar College, cum laude in Mathematics in 1964. She earned a master's degree from Hunter College, and in 1972 she received a PhD in mathematics from the Graduate Division of City University of New York. Her dissertation was "One Relator Metabelian Groups" under advisors Gilbert Baumslag, Wilhelm Magnus, and Joan Landman Dyer.
In 1972, McMartin turned from mathematics and became involved in the environmental movement in the Adirondacks of New York State, where her primary focus was the nature, culture, and management in the Park. She served as vice-president the Adirondack Mountain Club and the Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks and was a member of many environmental groups.
Between 1972 and 2005, she wrote 25 books, both guide books and histories of the Adirondacks. She wrote and maintained the popular eleven book "Discover" series, which covers all regions of the Adirondack Park for outdoors people. Her other guides include: "The Adirondack Park, A Wildlands Quilt"; "Fifty Hikes in the Adirondacks"; "Fifty Hikes in the Hudson Valley"; and three books for young people, on hiking, camping, and canoeing.
In 1976, McMartin completed "Caroga, an Adirondack Town Recalls its Past". Her other histories include: "Hides, Hemlocks and Adirondack History", "The Great Forest of the Adirondacks", "To the Lake of the Skies" (story of the Benedicts), "The Glove Cities", "Perspectives on the Adirondacks", "The Privately Owned Adirondacks" and "Adirondack Timeline". She also wrote a series of pamphlets and "Citizen's Guides" for the Adirondack Park Agency.
McMartin served on New York State Department of Environmental Conservation advisory committees: the High Peaks Advisory Committee from 1974 to 1978, and the Forest Preserve Advisory Committee from 1979 to 2003. She chaired the Forest Preserve Advisory Committee from 1979 to 2003 where she helped write many policies.
She served as volunteer curator at the Caroga Historical Museum and at the Fulton County Museum. She had photograph exhibits of her work and published many magazine articles. In 1992 she chaired the NYS Adirondack Park Centennial.
She received a Founder's Day Award from the Adirondack Museum in Blue Mountain Lake, as well as both the Adirondack Communicator and Adirondack Heritage Awards from the Adirondack Council.
Marriages.
In 1968, McMartin married her second husband, James Joseph Patterson, publisher of "The New York Daily News". They divorced in 1976. He predeceased her in 1992.
She married again, to Walter Alexander Reid in 1982. He brought two daughters to the marriage: all three (and grandchildren) survived her death on September 27, 2005 in Canada Lake, New York.


Maya Churi

Maya Churi is a writer and media artist who has been creating online interactive narratives since 1999 starting with her project 'Letters From Homeroom and continuing with Forest Grove' in 2005. To make "Forest Grove", which runs about 45-minutes, Churi wrote a feature-length screenplay, then created a scale model of the story's community and used still images and graphics for the visual design. "Forest Grove" screened as part of the Sundance Film Festival's online program in 2005, and was, like "Letters From Homeroom", recognized as a compelling contribution to the evolving world of interactive storytelling.
"Forest Grove".
Forest Grove is an Internet-based narrative that tells the story of Charlie, a fourteen-year-old boy who swims across his gated community, an idyllic residence where happiness is secured and security is guaranteed. Hopping from pool to pool he encounters various neighbors, meets strange inhabitants, and even falls in love. But the Arcadian world of Forest Grove is not as picture perfect as Charlie once thought. Forced to flee the community Charlie’s world comes crashing down when the secrets of his past rise to the surface. To emphasize the spatial experience of living in a gated community the set for the story is an architect's model of Forest Grove. The model is approx. 8ft. x 12ft. and includes 36 houses, 12 swimming pools, a community center, and a guards station. Still photographs were taken of miniature styrene plastic people enacting the scenes and then edited/animated (with the use of Flash) to create a complete story that is accessible online. By manipulating how the audience navigates through the story it draws the audience, like the residents of Forest Grove, into a false sense of control over their lifestyle -- focusing on patterns, rules and laws designed to contribute to "quality of life", but in reality take it away.
"Letters From Homeroom".
Letters From Homeroom is a multi-media fiction web site that tells the story of Alix and Claire, two sophomores in high school, through the letters they pass to each other during class. The web site consists of seventeen video, audio and text versions of the correspondence. Viewers can move in and out of the three different media elements to assemble the complete story. The site also offers viewers a chance to become a part of the correspondence, in the Bathroom viewers can post their own notes about what is going on in the story, or what their own experiences are. There is also a Locker room page, which contains histories of the characters and links to the personal web sites of the main girls that include journal entries that start where the film leaves off.


Joseph Bharat Cornell

Joseph Bharat Cornell is a nature educator in the United States. He was given the Indian name "Bharat" by his yoga teacher Swāmī Kriyānanda Giri. He wrote the book "Sharing Nature with Children" in the early 1970s to promote outdoor learning. His book had a large influence on education in the United States, and was translated into 15 languages with sales of half a million worldwide.
Cornell founded the "Sharing Nature Foundation" in 1979 to help his work in promoting nature education. He is still enthusiastic and involved in his work by holding activities and designing nature games for children.


Lindsay Grace

Lindsay Grace is a video game designer, artist, professor, and writer who currently lives in Miami, FL. He is best known as an academic game designer who employs critical design. He is the 2019 Games for Change Vanguard Award winner and Knight Chair at the University of Miami. He served as founding director of the American University Game Lab and Studio (JOLT), which includes the Fake News game, Factitious, the NPR game Commuter Challenge and Miami Herald's Gaming the System. In 2013 his game, "Wait" was inducted in the Games for Change Hall of Fame as one of the five most significant games for change in the last decade. Created in 2009, players must navigate a 3D world that fades away when the player moves, and grows more detailed as they wait. If players fail to move for long, the world also recedes. Other notable games include Big Huggin', a game controlled by a giant stuffed animal that players must hug to meet game goals. Big Huggin' was Kickstarted with notable support from Jane McGonigal and selected for the ACM SIGGRAPH's Aesthetics of Gameplay Show.
Grace has created more than 15 independent games, acting as the sole designer, developer, and artist. He has written articles about this process and supports such activity as one of 8 executive board members organizing the Global Game Jam. He also exhibits art internationally and curates exhibits. He co-curated the Indie Arcade 2014 and 2016 events at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
Lindsay Grace has publicly opposed the link between video games and violence.
Career.
Grace is Knight Chair at the University of Miami. He is Vice President of both the Global Game Jam and the Higher Education Video Game Alliance.
Grace lead the games program at American University School of Communication in Washington D.C. Grace has published more than 45 academic articles since 2009.
He was the C. Michael Armstrong Professor of Creative Arts at Miami University/Armstrong Institute for Interactive Media Studies at Miami University where he ran the Persuasive Play Laboratory. He taught video game design, interaction design and theory at American University.
He publishes writing and video games that relate the concept of "philosophy of software" and Critical Design as practice in the arts and games. This practice falls between captology and critical design.
The Critical Gameplay games employ theories in the design of video games and society. The work for Critical Gameplay has been shown in more than 15 cities including Athens, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Vancouver, Taipei, Chicago, Paris and Istanbul. It is internationally recognized.
Grace's independent video game publications include "Penguin Roll", "Zombie Master", "Polyglot Cubed" and several games under the Mindtoggle Software company. He also writes about games and independent game-making. According to App Annie statistics, his Game Black Like Me was a top 100 game in 3 countries (United States, Sweden and South Korea) by number of daily downloads.
In 2008, Grace created "Polyglot Cubed" which was recognized at the Meaningful play conference at Michigan State, was a serious games showcase finalist at the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference IITSEC, and the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology. "Gamasutra" ran an article about it. His research includes algorithmic music generation using visual emergent behavior.
He is an alumnus of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory at the University of Illinois as well as two degrees from Northwestern University.
Select publications and exhibits.
2019.
Grace, Lindsay D. (2019). Doing Things with Games: Social Impact Through Play. CRC Press. . Retrieved August 22, 2019.
2020.
Grace, L. (2020). Love and Electronic Affection: A Design Primer (editor/author), Routledge Press, . Retrieved Retrieved September 28, 2020.
Grace, L. and Huang, K. State of Newsgames 2020 (from Games for Change: https://g4c2020.sched.com/event/cj9a/newsgame-flyby-state-of-the-practice-2020). Report at Retrieved September 29, 2020


Elizabeth Ann Duke

Elizabeth Ann Duke (born November 25, 1940) is an American fugitive best known for her involvement with radical left-wing political organizations and subsequent flight from prosecution. She remains wanted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation on charges related to bombings, including the 1983 U.S. Senate bombing, carried out by the May 19th Communist Organization in the early 1980s.
Early life.
Duke was born in Beeville, Texas, on November 25, 1940, but has given her date of birth as April 20, 1941. Duke was allegedly a member of a Weathermen splinter group, the May 19th Communist Organization. The group claimed responsibility for a series of bombings of U.S. government buildings between 1983 and 1985, including the bombing of the United States Capitol building in November 1983.
Arrest and flight.
Duke and Alan Berkman were arrested in May 1985 and indicted on conspiracy, falsification and weapons charges by a federal grand jury, in what became known as the Resistance Conspiracy case. Also charged as co-conspirators were Marilyn Jean Buck, wanted for her role in the 1981 Brinks armored car robbery, Laura Whitehorn, Linda Sue Evans, Susan Rosenberg, and Timothy Blunk. Duke was released on bail in July 1985 and went missing the following October. The FBI is offering a reward of up to $50,000 for information leading directly to the arrest and conviction of Duke.


Rami Makhlouf

Rami Makhlouf (; born 10 July 1969) is a Syrian businessman and the maternal cousin of president Bashar al-Assad. He is considered Syria's wealthiest man and one of the most powerful men in Syria; according to Syrian analysts he is part of al-Assad's inner circle and no foreign company can do business in Syria without his consent and partnership. Makhlouf owns Syriatel, the largest mobile phone network in Syria, along with other retail, banking and real estate companies.
Background.
Rami Makhlouf was born on 10 July 1969. He is related to the Assad family through his aunt, Anisa Makhlouf, who was the wife of the late Syrian president Hafez al-Assad. Makhlouf's personal wealth accumulated abroad was estimated to be in excess of $10 billion in 2020.
Business activities.
Rami Makhlouf is the main owner of Syriatel, one of two licensed mobile phone companies in Syria. Besides Syriatel, he is involved in real estate, banking, free trade zones along the border with Lebanon, duty-free shops, and luxury department stores. According to the "Financial Times", he is thought to control as much as 60% of the Syrian economy through his web of business interests.
Makhlouf was among a diverse group of connected insiders who monopolized the small, but growing, Syrian private sector in the 1990s. As President Hafez al-Assad prepared for his son's succession, the distribution of assets from privatization began to shift clearly in favor of the Makhloufs. Assad believed the Makhlouf family could be relied upon to support Bashar without reserve in the uncertain political environment that would follow upon his death, unlike other insiders, who had close financial ties to billionaire Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, such as former Syrian Vice President Abdul Halim Khaddam. Rami and his brother Ihab therefore enjoyed easy access to opportunities such as an exclusive license to operate a network of duty-free retail shops, where a significant portion of goods were redistributed inside the country. By the time Bashar assumed power in 2000, Rami Makhlouf was well established.
Rami Makhlouf is thought to have tried in 2004 to take over the Mercedes concession in Syria, by ensuring passage of a law denying Mercedes the right to import parts unless Makhlouf was made the exclusive agent for Mercedes in Syria. Mercedes wanted to keep the Sankar family, who had had the concession since the 1960s. Mercedes ceased all activity in Syria until the dispute was resolved, and the Mercedes concession is now once again controlled by the Sankar family.
Makhlouf's current business interests are extensive, which include business interests in Syria’s oil and gas industries, banking, construction and duty-free shops. He is the majority owner of Cham Holding which has investments in luxury tourism, restaurants, and real estate through Bena Properties. Cham Holding also controls Syrian Pearl Airlines, the first private airline to be allowed in the country. He is also invested in several private banks established in Syria, such as the International Islamic Bank of Syria, Al Baraka Bank, International Bank of Qatar, Cham Bank, and the Bank of Jordan in Syria; in insurance and financial services companies, such as Cham Capital. Like his father, Mohammad Makhlouf, he is active in the oil sector, via the British oil company Gulfsands Petroleum. He is also invested in real estate companies such as Sourouh, Fajr, Al Batra, and Al Hada'iq; in tourism companies such as Al Mada'in and in media companies such as the daily "Al Watan", radio/television station Ninar and satellite station Dunya TV, advertising companies like Promedia; in education companies such as the Chouwayfat schools; in industry through the Eltel Middle East company; and in public works companies such as Ramak TP. Rami Makhlouf has extensive land holdings in the United States Virgin Islands, which were the subject of court litigation. Because of this litigation he transferred his U.S. holdings to his brother Ihab. The Makhloufs also have a monopoly on the import of tobacco into Syria. In 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department froze the U.S. assets and restricted the financial transactions of Rami Makhluf.
Makhlouf maintains a close relationship with Bushra al-Assad, Bashar's older sister, and her husband Assef Shawkat. He also operates a number of business projects in Lebanon with Maher al-Assad, Bashar's younger brother. There are reports of tensions between the two, which is thought to explain why parts of the Makhlouf business were shifted in 2005 to Dubai. Some observers believe the transfers were made because the Makhloufs were worried that they were going to be made the scapegoats of an anti-corruption propaganda campaign.
On 5 July 2012, it was reported that the Central Bank of the UAE ordered the banks and financial institutions to search for and submit details of any financial assets and transactions performed by the Syrian ruling elite, including Rami Makhlouf. This search was based on the decision of the Ministerial Council of the League of Arab States dated 27 November 2011, to impose multiple sanctions on Syria, and on and decisions issued by the European Union and the United States involving economic sanctions on Syria.
Accusations of corruption.
In February 2008, the United States Department of the Treasury designated Makhlouf as a beneficiary and facilitator of public corruption in Syria. His influence and connections within the government have allowed him to control the issuance of certain types of profitable commodities contracts, it said. According to the US Treasury, "Makhlouf has manipulated the Syrian judicial system and used Syrian intelligence officials to intimidate his business rivals. He employed these techniques when trying to acquire exclusive licenses to represent foreign companies in Syria and to obtain contract awards." On 10 May 2011, the European Union placed sanctions on him for "bankrolling the government and allowing violence against demonstrators". Makhlouf's brother Hafez Makhlouf was until 2014 head of Syria's intelligence agency, the General Security Directorate.
Political observers generally accept that Makhlouf's great wealth is a result of his close family ties to the Syrian government. It is reported that Bashar al-Assad before he became president would during official meetings try to make business contacts for Rami. In US diplomatic cables leaked by WikiLeaks, Rami Makhlouf is described as a powerful government financer. Makhlouf has further been accused of illegally diverting Lebanese telephone calls through Syria with the help of businessman Pierre Fattouch for the benefit of Syriatel.
Makhlouf controlled three Syrian companies close to the government of Bashar Al-Assad – Maxima Middle East Trading, Morgan Additives Manufacturing and Pangates International. These companies used Mossack Fonseca shell companies registered in the Seychelles and British Virgin Islands to ease the pressure global sanctions put on his cousin's regime. He paid for the Syrian Air Force helicopter fuel through shell companies, for example. The US Treasury sanctioned Makhlouf, charging that Pangates had supplied the Assad government with a thousand tonnes of aviation fuel.
Makhlouf was able to continue unimpeded operations through the shell companies, since neither jurisdiction fell under US law; however the EU sanctions did affect the companies in the British Virgin Islands. HSBC told the law firm that the Swiss authorities had frozen Makhlouf's accounts, and that "they have had no contact with the beneficial owner of this company since the last 3 months". The Swiss Federal Administrative Court in 2015 rejected an appeal of the block on his use of an undisclosed sum in his Swiss accounts.
Rami Makhlouf was seen by the rebels as a symbol of corruption in Syria. In Daraa during the Syrian Civil War, demonstrators called him a "thief". Syrian dissident Riad Seif was arrested and imprisoned for several years because of his criticism of Rami Makhlouf. Seif, a member of parliament and one of the most ardent critics of the Syrian government, became known outside of Syria because of his criticism of the government during the Damascus Spring of 2001. Despite several warnings from the Syrian government not to interfere, Seif began an anticorruption campaign in September 2001 against the way the two GSM mobile phone licenses were awarded, of which one to Maklouf's Syriatel. Shortly thereafter Seif lost his parliamentary immunity and was arrested and imprisoned for five years. United Nations observers at its Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, set up in 2011, have documented "mass arrests by regime forces, leading to the enforced disappearance of large groups of fighting-age men."
Makhlouf was implicated in the leaked 2016 Panama Papers, which detailed his control over Syria's national industries. His name also surfaced as part of the Swissleaks investigation. Frederik Obermaier, an investigative reporter at the German newspaper "Süddeutsche Zeitung", told "Democracy Now!": "[Mossack Fonseca] realised that [Makhlouf] was the cousin, and they realised that he was sanctioned, and they realised that he's allegedly one of the financiers of the Syrian regime. And they said, 'Oh, there is this bank who still does business with him, so we should still keep with him, as well'."
Syrian Civil War.
Some opposition activists during the Syrian Civil War accused Makhlouf of financing pro-government demonstrations both across Syria and abroad, by providing flags, meals and money for those participating. The tycoon insisted his businesses are legitimate and provide professional employment for thousands of Syrians.
On 9 May 2011, Makhlouf said that "if there is no stability here, there’s no way there will be stability in Israel", then he added, "no way, and nobody can guarantee what will happen after, God forbid, anything happens to this regime", in an interview with "The New York Times".
On 16 June 2011, Makhlouf stated that he would "quit the Syrian business scene". Syria Files examined by "Al Akhbar" showed that Makhlouf continued to invest in several banks during 2011 and 2012. In late January 2012, he bought about 15 times as many shares (by value) as he sold, buying and selling of shares, mostly in Qatar National Bank–Syria and Syria International Islamic Bank.
In Summer 2019, Makhlouf's charitable network, Bustan, was forced to shut down, even though it spawned a militia of about 20,000 men, according to BBC. In December 2019, Syrian customs issued an order to freeze Beirut-registered Abar Petroleum Service SAL assets, including assets of Makhlouf, for violating import regulations by smuggling worth of goods. Moreover, Makhlouf was also accused of smuggling oil into Syria, in breach of international sanctions. On 22 April 2020, Egyptian authorities seized 4 tonnes of hashish hidden in a cargo of milk cartons, related to a company owned by Makhlouf, in Port Said which was heading to Libya; however, he later claimed that the incident was a set-up aimed at “defaming” him.
Prosecution proceedings.
On 1 May 2020, Makhlouf made an "unprecedented" public appeal to his cousin President Bashar al-Assad on Facebook, saying a "cadre of officials" were seeking to seize his assets, as he was pressured to hand over in excess of due to tax evasion. Makhlouf, who was a part of President al-Assad's inner circle said he would pay the President himself but not the state. Two days later, he posted another video on Facebook, where he mentioned that Syrian security forces arrested some of his employees. However, speculations indicate that the Syrian first lady, Asma al-Assad, has been responsible for the whole plot, the reason was that "many businessmen loyal to Asma Assad competed with Makhlouf for control of diminishing resources, after the collapse of the Syrian pound, along with sanctions, made the space in which they compete narrow and difficult", according to Dr. Muhannad Al-Hajj Ali, a researcher at the Carnegie Middle East Center. In addition, the Syrian authorities might have targeted Makhlouf in order to find resources prior to the implementation of U.S. sanctions related to the Caesar Act.
On 17 May, Makhlouf posted another video on Facebook, where he mentioned rising pressure on him to hand over profits or might be arrested. On 19 May, the Syrian government seized all assets belonging to Makhlouf. On 21 May, a Syrian court placed a temporary travel ban on Makhlouf. On 25 June, the Syrian government terminated duty free contracts in all ports and border crossings with companies affiliated with Makhlouf.
Personal life.
Makhlouf is married to Razan Othman. They have two sons, Mohammad and Ali.
He applied but failed to obtain Austrian citizenship from 2009 to 2011. In the meantime, he held Cypriot citizenship from 2010 to 2011, which was revoked when the civil war broke out in Syria.


Hushpuppi

Ramon Olorunwa Abbas, commonly known as Hushpuppi, Hush or Ray Hushpuppi (born October 11, 1982) is a Nigerian Instagram celebrity who is facing criminal charges in the United States of conspiracy to launder money obtained from business email compromise frauds and other scams, including schemes that defrauded a U.S. law firm of about $1M, illegally transferred $14.7M from a foreign financial institution and targeted to steal $124M from an English football club until his arrest by the Dubai Police in June 2020 and his extradition to the United States, Abbas had a global following of over 2.5 million followers on Instagram where he posted pictures and videos of his lavish spending on exotic cars, watches, designer clothes, bags from luxury brands like Gucci, Fendi and Louis Vuitton and of himself boarding helicopters, with celebrity, footballers and Nigerian politicians or while on charter jets. He claimed to be a real estate developer. He holds a passport from St Kitts and Nevis.
On the night his apartment at the Palazzo Versace was raided in an operation code-named Fox Hunt 2 and Abbas was arrested alongside eleven others in six simultaneous raids, detectives seized more than 150 million dirham (about $40 million) in cash, 13 luxury cars worth Dh 25 million ($7M), 21 laptops, 47 smartphones, 15 memory storage devices, 5 external hard drives and 800,000 emails of potential victims alongside suitcases full of cash. The arrest was part of an FBI investigation that indicted him of being a 'key player' in a transnational cybercrime network that provided "safe havens for stolen money around the world."
Mr Abbas' lawyer Gal Pissetzky told the BBC that his client, was not a criminal and had made his money legitimately from being paid by designer brands for promotion and from real estate. Mr Pissetzky also told the BBC that the United States had no authority to transport his client from Dubai. "In my opinion, the FBI and the government here acted illegally when they kidnapped him from Dubai without any legal process to do so," Mr Pissetzky told the BBC. "There was no extradition, there were no legal steps taken, there were no court documents filed, it was simply a call to the FBI. He is not a citizen of the United States, the US had absolutely no authority to take him." But the Dubai police said in a Facebook post that the FBI director had thanked them for extraditing the two men. "You'll have to ask them about why they called it an extradition," a Department of Justice spokesman responded in an email to the BBC.
Life.
Abbas was born and raised in Lagos, Nigeria. He would later emigrate to Malaysia and to the United Arab Emirates where he would live till his arrest. He admitted to fathering a child in 2013. According to a friend, Abbas had their secondary school education in Government College, Ikorodu, Lagos State. Many news platforms also reported that Abbas was once a second-hand clothes seller in Lagos. Abbas prided himself on his humble beginnings.
In an exclusive post in which it interviewed old neighbours of Mr Abbas, TheCable.ng reported that Abbas had a reputation as a 'Yahoo boy' a local name for a cyber criminal, was not supported by his mother, had not lifted any of his old friends from poverty and had ignored multiple warnings regarding his lifestyle.
He is known to put inspirational captions on his posts.
He is the subject of a 2017 song 'Telli Person' by Nigerian singer Timaya featuring Olamide and Phyno, with whom he had a long running feud. The song contained lyrics directed towards Abbas indirectly accusing him of being a swindler and lavishing his money on designer clothes instead of investing in profitable ventures and warning him that he would soon be caught by authorities. Many viewed the song as a prophetic warning that was fulfilled with his arrest.
Fraud allegations.
Upon his arrival in the United States on July 3, he was accused of conspiring to launder 'hundreds of millions of dollars'. According to an FBI affidavit, Abbas and others had committed a BEC scheme that defrauded a client of a New York-based law firm out of approximately $922,857 in October 2019. Abbas and co-conspirators allegedly tricked one of the law firm's paralegals into wiring money intended for the client's real estate refinancing to a bank account that was controlled by Abbas and the co-conspirators. Abbas and his co-conspirators had laundered $396,050 while one of them was in Los Angeles, California.
The affidavit also accused Abbas and a co-conspirator of conspiring to launder funds intended to be stolen through fraudulent wire transfers from a 'foreign financial institution' in which fraudulent wire transfers, totalling approximately US$14.7 million, were sent to bank accounts around the world in February 2019. Though the affidavit did not name any bank, according to Forbes, the date of the attack and amount mentioned in the affidavit matched that of the attack on Malta's Bank of Valletta in February 2019. In February 2019, $14.7 million was transferred out of the bank through false international transactions to accounts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Hong Kong. The attack was of such seriousness in Malta that then Prime Minister Joseph Muscat was forced to address parliament. Multiple sources in Malta including Times of Malta and Malta Today also repeated Forbes's claims that Hushpuppi could have been behind the attack. According to the affidavit, Abbas had provided a co-conspirator with two bank accounts in Europe anticipating the receipt of $5.6 million each of the fraudulently obtained funds.
According to the affidavit, other communications between Abbas and one of his co-conspirators indicated that the two had conspired to "launder tens, and at times hundreds, of millions of dollars that were proceeds of other fraudulent schemes and computer intrusions, including a fraudulent scheme to steal £100 million ($124 million) from an English Premier League football club.
Abbas is also accused of committing fraud in Nigeria. He is wanted by Nigeria's financial crime police, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission.
A request for his bail and the chance to stay with his girlfriend's uncle in Homewood, Illinois, was denied on the grounds that presented a risk of non-appearance. At Abbas' detention hearing, his lawyer, Pissetzky told the court that his client posed no flight risk because of the damage it would do to his credibility online, adding, "He is loved and respected. He is a celebrity. He would not want to ruin his credibility and status rather than stay here and face these allegations." Prosecutors cited his "significant" financial assets, "deep ties to foreign countries" and a lack of ties to the United States. If convicted of conspiracy to engage in money laundering, Abbas would face a statutory maximum sentence of 20 years in federal prison after which he will be deported.


C93FM

C93FM was a New Zealand radio station based in Christchurch.
C93FM broadcast on 92.9 FM and, after it merged with Radio Avon, also broadcast on 1260 AM. C93FM has had several music formats during its time on the air. In 1989 the station was rebranded as "93FM Gold" and in 1990 "93FM Classic Hits." Then in 1991 the station reverted to C93FM with a new logo and playing classic rock and continued to play Classic Rock until 1999 when the station was changed to an Adult Contemporary music format.
Originally C93FM was an independent station operated by a company of the same name C93FM Limited, the company also operated a second station Easy Listening i94.5 until 1997. The Radio Network made two attempts to purchase C93FM Limited in March and May 1997; however both were rejected by the Commerce Commission on the basis that they would give the company a dominant position in the Christchurch Radio Market. Instead C93FM and Easy Listening i were sold to Radio Otago, Easy Listening i94 became Lite FM in 1998.
Following the sale of C93FM Limited to Radio Otago C93FM was started in Dunedin by rebranding local rock station 93Rox as C93FM. The Dunedin-based C93FM was then networked to Invercargill on 90.8FM and was originally branded as C91FM, on air the announcers simply called the station "Classic Rock." Later in 1998 C91FM in Invercargill became known as C93FM.
In 1999 Radio Otago was sold to the Radioworks and in Invercargill and Dunedin C93FM was replaced with network station The Rock. The Rock was also networked into Christchurch at the same time broadcasting on 93.7FM and as a result the format of C93FM was changed to an Adult Contemporary Format. Also the original 1260AM frequency used by C93 was replaced with Solid Gold as there were no other FM frequencies for Solid Gold to broadcast on at the time. The changes made to C93FM were not popular, and the station failed to attract new listeners as a result. C93FM went off the air in April 2001 and the 92.9FM frequency was taken over by Solid Gold, which later became The Sound in 2012, changing back to a classic rock format. Solid Gold also kept the 1260AM frequency until 2005 when it was used by Radio Pacific.


Herbert Biberman

Herbert J. Biberman (March 4, 1900 – June 30, 1971) was an American screenwriter and film director. He was one of the Hollywood Ten and directed "Salt of the Earth" (1954), a film barely released in the United States, about a zinc miners' strike in Grant County, New Mexico. His membership in the Directors Guild of America was posthumously restored in 1997; he had been expelled in 1950.
Biberman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Joseph and Eva Biberman and was the brother of American artist, Edward Biberman. Biberman's pre-blacklist career included writing such films as "King of Chinatown" (1939), "When Tomorrow Comes" (1939), "Action in Arabia" (1944), "The Master Race" (1944), which he also directed, and "New Orleans" (1947), as well as directing such films as "One Way Ticket" (1935) and "Meet Nero Wolfe" (1936). He married actress Gale Sondergaard in 1930; the marriage lasted for the rest of Biberman's life. Biberman died from bone cancer in 1971 in New York City.
HUAC.
Though he would become firmly pro-war after Germany invaded the Soviet Union, during the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, his outspoken opposition to U.S. Lend-Lease to the United Kingdom was so intense, the FBI suspected Biberman (who was actually Jewish) of being a Nazi. In 1947, the Congressional House Committee on Un-American Activities began its investigation into the film industry, and Biberman became one of ten Hollywood writers and directors cited for contempt of Congress when they refused to answer questions about their American Communist Party affiliation. Evidence presented in the hearing showed that Biberman had been a member of the communist party since at least 1944. Biberman and the others were imprisoned for their contempt convictions, Biberman for six months. Edward Dmytryk ultimately cooperated with the House committee, but Biberman and the others were blacklisted by the Hollywood studios.
Biberman worked independently after his release from jail. The result was "Salt of the Earth" (1954), a fictionalized account of the Grant County miners' strike. The screenplay was by Michael Wilson and it was produced by Paul Jarrico, neither members of the Ten but they were both also blacklisted. "Salt of the Earth" has been deemed "culturally significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.
Legacy.
"One of the Hollywood Ten", a 2000 film chronicling his blacklisting and the making of "Salt of the Earth" from Biberman's point of view, starred Jeff Goldblum as Biberman and Greta Scacchi as his wife, the actress Gale Sondergaard. The film's closing credits noted Biberman had never been removed from the old blacklist formally, and that Sondergaard had not found work in Hollywood until shortly before her husband's death. Biberman's membership in the Director's Guild of America, which was stripped in 1950, was restored in 1997.


Paul Henreid

Paul Henreid (10 January 1908 – 29 March 1992) was an Austrian-British-American actor, director, producer, and writer. He is best remembered for two film roles: Victor Laszlo in "Casablanca" and Jerry Durrance in "Now, Voyager", both released between 1942 and 1943.
Early life.
Born Paul Georg Julius Hernried in the city of Trieste, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Italy), Henreid was the son of Maria-Luise (Lendecke) and Karl Alphons Hernried, a Viennese banker, born Carl Hirsch, who converted in 1904 from Judaism to Catholicism, due to anti-semitism. Henreid's father died in April 1916, and the family fortune had dwindled by the time he graduated from the exclusive Theresianische Akademie.
Stage and film careers.
Henreid trained for the theatre in Vienna, over his family's objections, and debuted there on the stage under the direction of Max Reinhardt. He began his film career acting in German and Austrian films in the 1930s. During that period, he was strongly anti-Nazi, so much so that he was later designated an "official enemy of the Third Reich" and all his assets were seized.
Career in the United Kingdom.
In 1937 Henreid played Prince Albert in the stage production "Victoria Regina" in 1937. With the outbreak of World War II, Henreid risked deportation or internment as an enemy alien, but Conrad Veidt (later Major Heinrich Strasser in Casablanca) spoke for him, and he was allowed to remain and work in British films. Veidt himself was an avowed anti-Nazi, with a Jewish wife. Thanks to such support, Henreid was able to continue his work in British films. In 1939 he had a notable supporting role as Staefel in "Goodbye, Mr. Chips" and the next year third billing as a German espionage agent in the thriller "Night Train to Munich". In 1940 he also performed in a minor role in the British musical comedy spy film "Under Your Hat".
RKO, Warner Bros., and MGM.
After relocating to the United States and having a successful run on Broadway in "Flight to the West", Henreid was put under contract by RKO in 1941. The studio changed his name from von Hernried to the simpler and less overtly Germanic Henreid. That year, Henreid became a citizen of the United States. His first film for the studio was "Joan of Paris", released in 1942, that became a big hit.
Moving to Warner Bros. in 1942, Henreid was cast in "Now, Voyager", playing the romantic lead opposite Bette Davis. His next role was as Victor Laszlo, a heroic anti-German resistance leader on the run, in "Casablanca" (1943) with Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Warners then tried to consolidate Henreid's new status by co-starring him with Ida Lupino in a romantic drama, "In Our Time" (1944) then putting him in "Between Two Worlds" (1944), a remake of "Outward Bound". "The Conspirators" (1944) was an attempt to repeat the success of "Casablanca" with Henreid fighting Nazis in an ostensible neutral city with a supporting cast that included Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre. Henreid turned down the male lead alongside Bette Davis, in "Watch on the Rhine" (which went to Paul Lukas) and "Mr Skeffington" (which went to Claude Rains).
Henreid returned briefly to RKO to play a pirate swashbuckler in the studio's 1945 release "The Spanish Main". Returning to Warner Bros., he was cast the following year in "Devotion", a biopic of the Brontë family in which Henreid portrays Arthur Bell Nicholls. He was next cast opposite Eleanor Parker in an adaptation of "Of Human Bondage" (1946). Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer then borrowed Henreid from Warners to play Robert Schumann in "Song of Love" (1947) opposite Katharine Hepburn. Henreid wrote in his memoirs that he bought out his Warner Bros contract for $75,000 and was offered a long term contract at MGM for $150,000 a year but turned it down.
Blacklisting and brief return to European films.
In his 1984 autobiography "Ladies Man" Henreid recounts that he was one of a group of Hollywood stars who went to Washington to protest the excesses of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, following which he was semi-blacklisted. He says he was blacklisted from the major studios for five years - apart from "Rope of Sand" which was directed by a friend - before the blacklist was lifted and never understood why.
After leaving Warner Bros., Henreid decided to turn producer, making the film noir "Hollow Triumph" (1948) in which he also appeared. He was a villain in a Burt Lancaster adventure film "Rope of Sand" (1949). In 1950 he made a low-budget film for Edward and Harry Danziger, "So Young, So Bad", which was followed by an offer from Sam Katzman to play pirate Jean Lafitte in "Last of the Buccaneers" (1950). He then went to France for "Pardon My French" (1951) before returning to Katzman for "Thief of Damascus" (1951). He directed and played the lead role in "For Men Only" (1952). Later, in England, he made film noirs "Stolen Face" (1952) and "Mantrap" (1953), then went back to Katzman for "Siren of Bagdad" (1953). In 1954, once again working for MGM, Henreid performed in a minor role in "Deep in My Heart", his first "A" film in several years.
He moved next to Columbia Pictures, where he appeared in "Pirates of Tripoli" for Katzman; and then, yet again, to MGM for a part in "Meet Me in Las Vegas". He also appeared at this time on Broadway in "Festival".
Directing and final performances.
In the early 1950s, Henreid began directing both film and television productions. His "small-screen" directorial credits include episodes of "Alfred Hitchcock Presents", "Maverick", "Bonanza, The Virginian," and "The Big Valley". He also directed on the "big screen" "A Woman's Devotion" (1956) in which he played a supporting role, "Girls on the Loose" (1958), and "Live Fast, Die Young" (1958). In 1964, he directed "Dead Ringer", which stars Bette Davis and features in a minor role Henreid's daughter Monika.
While working as a director, Henreid continued to accept some small parts as well in "Ten Thousand Bedrooms" (1957), "Holiday for Lovers" (1959), "Never So Few" (1959), and "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" (1962). Additional film appearances include "Operation Crossbow" (1965), "The Madwoman of Chaillot" (1969), and "The Failing of Raymond" (1971). In 1973, prior to his last screen appearance in "" (1977), Henreid returned to Broadway to perform in "Don Juan in Hell".
Personal life and legacy.
Henreid married Elizabeth Camilla Julia "Lisl" Glück (1908–1993) in 1936; the couple adopted two daughters. In 1992, at age 84, Henreid died of pneumonia in Santa Monica, California after suffering a stroke. He was buried in nearby Woodlawn Cemetery.
In Los Angeles, California in 1960, to honor Henreid's significant contributions to the entertainment industry as both an actor and director, two stars were dedicated to him and installed on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. One of those stars, which recognizes his career in film, is located at 6366 Hollywood Boulevard; the other, for television, is at 1720 Vine Street.


Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr.

Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr. (15 January 1887 – 16 September 1969), was an American conservationist. He was longtime president of the New York Zoological Society (today known as the Wildlife Conservation Society).
Biography.
Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr. was born in Princeton, New Jersey in 1887. Born into the wealthy and influential Osborn family, he was the son of Henry Fairfield Osborn, a prominent paleontologist, eugenicist and "distinguished Aryan enthusiast". After obtaining his Bachelor of Arts from Princeton University, he went on to study biology at Cambridge University, but then pursued a career in international business. Towards the end of the First World War, he served briefly as a Captain in the United States Army, after which he returned to private enterprise.
In 1935, he retired from business and devoted himself to environmental causes and especially to the New York Zoological Society (today known as the Wildlife Conservation Society). Following his election to the Society's board in 1923, he served as its Secretary from 1935 to 1940. In 1940, he became President of the New York Zoological Society, a role he held for 28 years.
Osborn wrote "Our Plundered Planet", and when published in 1948 it became very influential in the early Environmental movement and helped spur a Malthusian revival in 1950s and 60s. He is also remembered for being an early opponent of synthetic pesticide use, for producing several films dealing with endangered species, flood control and water resources, as well as for his second book, "The Limits of the Earth" (1953), and a collection of short essays he edited under the title of "Our Crowded Planet" (1962).
From 1948 to 1961, he served as the first president of the Conservation Foundation, an organization he founded with a number of like-minded colleagues to raise awareness about ecological problems. After retiring as Conservation Foundation president in 1962, he served as its Chairman until 1969. From 1950 to 1957, Osborn was also a member of the Conservation Advisory Committee for the U.S. Department of the Interior, while also serving on the Planning Committee of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. Upon his death in New York City on September 16, 1969, "he was remembered for playing a valuable role in a number of conservation organizations and for his outreach initiatives to warn of the dangers of uncontrolled population growth and to promote responsible natural resource consumption."


Robert H. Mohlenbrock

Dr. Robert H. Mohlenbrock (born September 26, 1931) is an American botanist and author. He is an authority on the plants of Illinois, with expertise in floristics, plant taxonomy, endangered species, and wetland flora.
Early life and education.
Mohlenbrock began his studies of the flora of southern Illinois at an early age. During childhood walks in the woods and along the banks of the Big Muddy River, he recalls mentally noting the diverse flora and fauna around Murphysboro, Illinois. He names his greatest influence to be his high school biology teacher, Esther Smith. At Murphysboro High School, Smith led excursions to high quality natural areas and encouraged her students to work on natural history projects that yielded valuable contributions to the knowledge of Illinois flora and fauna. Mohlenbrock has described her as "a dedicated soul, a serious scientist who would provide for those who were serious." Mohlenbrock's first project was presented at a 1948 science fair, called "Field Survey of Trees" of southern Illinois, completed with Kenneth Stewart. At least 7 students in Smith's classes, including Mohlenbrock and Kenneth Stewart, went on to attain PhDs in biology.
Mohlenbrock received both his bachelor's and master's degrees from Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIU). As a master's student under John W. Voigt, he completed his thesis on "The vegetation of Giant City State Park: a floristic and ecological study" in 1954. Between 1956 and 1957, Mohlenbrock was briefly a research chemist for Pressite Engineering Co. in St. Louis, Missouri. He completed his PhD in 1957 at Washington University. His PhD thesis was titled "A revision of the genus "Stylosanthes"" (a genus in the legume family).
Career.
Soon following the completion of his PhD work, Mohlenbrock was hired at Southern Illinois University Carbondale to fill in for a single quarter for a faculty member who had taken an unexpected leave. The faculty member never returned, launching Mohlenbrock's long career as a botanist at SIU. He stayed at SIU for 33 years until his retirement in 1990, having served as chair of the botany department for 16 years. He was also curator of the SIU herbarium between 1960-1965. Mohlenbrock's department at SIU provided one of the few places in the country that encouraged students to conduct floristic studies in pursuit of a PhD. Mohlenbrock advised 90 graduate students during his tenure at SIU and has received numerous awards in recognition of his instruction. In 1985 he was named Chairman of the North American Plant Specialists Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a position he held for 15 years. He is the author of 69 books about plants.
Mohlenbrock has consulted for many organizations including the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, and U.S. Forest Service. Since retirement, he has continued to teach wetland plant identification and other courses throughout the United States under his consulting company, Biotic Consultants (in partnership with his wife, Beverly A. Mohlenbrock). He has taught 328 of these week-long wetland plant classes in 32 states.
Legacy.
In the 1960s and 70s, Mohlenbrock and Voigt continued their studies of southern Illinois to develop a conservation program for its natural areas. Through their surveys, they found that all of the bald cypress swamps in the area, with the exception of Horseshoe Lake, were privately owned. The land was primarily owned by a lumber company called Main Brothers, which had only left the land unlogged because the water had been too deep to drain. Partnerships between the state of Illinois, the Natural Land Institute of Rockford, and the Illinois chapter of the Nature Conservancy led to the purchase and protection of many of these remnant areas. The protected areas include Heron Pond – Little Black Slough Nature Preserve, a designated National Natural Landmark and wetland of international importance.
In 1982, with his son Mark W. Mohlenbrock, he co-founded the Southern Illinois Native Plant Society, an organization dedicated to "the preservation, conservation, and study of the native plants and vegetation of Southern Illinois." In 1986, it expanded to become a state-wide organization, now known as the Illinois Native Plant Society, with 7 active chapters, including the Southern Chapter.
Selected publications.
Mohlenbrock has published numerous technical reports as well as articles in popular magazines such as Outdoor Illinois and a regular column in Natural History magazine called "This Land" since 1984. Below is a selected listing of his published books.


The Art of Scientific Computing