Leo Penn

Leonard Francis Penn (August 27, 1921 – September 5, 1998) was an American actor and director and the father of musician Michael Penn and actors Sean Penn and Chris Penn.
Early life.
Penn was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants Elizabeth (née Melincoff) and Maurice Daniel Penn (Lithuanian Jewish family).
Penn served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II as a B-24 Liberator bombardier with the 755th Bomb Squadron, 458th Bomb Group, stationed in England as part of the Eighth Air Force.
Career.
A life member of The Actors Studio, Penn won the Theatre World Award in 1954 for his performance in the play "The Girl on the Via Flaminia". He acted in numerous roles in the early years of television. In 1956, he was cast as Mr. Rico in the episode "Ringside Padre" of the religion anthology series, "Crossroads". In 1957, he appeared in the episode "One If by Sea" of the military drama series, "Navy Log". He was also cast in an episode of Beverly Garland's 1957-1958 groundbreaking crime drama, "Decoy". In 1960, he played Cavage in "The Poker Fiend" on Richard Boone's CBS western series, "Have Gun - Will Travel." In 1961, he was cast as Tiko in the episode "The World Is Her Oyster" of the ABC adventure series, "The Islanders", set in the South Pacific, and appeared in an episode of the ABC crime drama "The Asphalt Jungle". He also appeared in another ABC adventure series, "Straightaway", which focuses on automobile racing. On March 3, 1961, he co-starred with Peter Falk and Joyce Van Patten in the episode "Cold Turkey" of the ABC legal drama series, "The Law and Mr. Jones" starring James Whitmore. About this time, he also appeared on Pat O'Brien's ABC sitcom, "Harrigan and Son". In the 1961-1962 television season Penn acted in the CBS crime drama, "Checkmate" in the episode "The Button-Down Break" and starred as Jerry Green in Gertrude Berg's CBS's sitcom "Mrs. G. Goes to College" renamed at mid-season as "The Gertrude Berg Show".
Penn landed work as a director for many television series, including "I Spy", "Lost in Space",
"Cannon"," ", "Blue Light", "Custer", the 1976 western "Sara", "St. Elsewhere", "Kojak", "Starsky and Hutch", "Cagney & Lacey", "Little House on the Prairie", "Columbo", "Hawaii Five-O", "Trapper John, M.D.", Hart To Hart, "Magnum, P.I." and "Father Murphy". In 1983, Penn was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series for "The Mississippi".
Politics.
Penn supported the Hollywood trade unions and refused to accuse others to the House Un-American Activities Committee in their investigation of suspected Communist infiltration of the film industry. Penn was subsequently blacklisted, and Paramount refused to renew his contract. As a result, Penn was not able to work as a movie actor. He found acting work in television, but CBS ousted him after receiving an anonymous accusation that he had addressed a political meeting. Barred from acting in film or TV, he became a director.
Personal life.
His first marriage, to Olive Deering, was dissolved in 1952. He was married in 1957 to actress Eileen Ryan, with whom he had three sons: singer Michael Penn, and actors Sean Penn and Chris Penn.
Leo Penn died of lung cancer in Santa Monica, California, on September 5, 1998 at the age of 77, and was interred at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.


Frank Tarloff

Frank Tarloff (February 4, 1916 – June 25, 1999) was a blacklisted American screenwriter who won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for "Father Goose".
A child of Polish immigrant parents, Tarloff grew up in Brooklyn, New York, where he attended Abraham Lincoln High School and Brooklyn College. He began writing for stage and radio in the 1940s, and his first major film credit was "Behave Yourself!". He was called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1953, was categorized as a hostile witness, and was blacklisted. He spent the next 12 years living with family in England and writing under pseudonyms such as "David Adler" for shows such as "I Married Joan", "The Real McCoys", "The Dick Van Dyke Show", and "Andy Griffith Show".
He received the Academy Award for "Father Goose" together with S. H. Barnett and Peter Stone and was also nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for best comedy writing. He received a WGA Award nomination for best comedy writing for "A Guide for the Married Man", which he wrote on his own. He is also known for co-writing "The Secret War of Harry Frigg".
He returned to television at the end of his career, writing for "The Jeffersons".


GlobeNewswire

GlobeNewswire provides press release distribution services globally, with substantial operations in North America and Europe.
GlobeNewswire was a Nasdaq, Inc. subsidiary from September 2006 until April 2018 when West Corporation acquired the Public Relations Solutions and Digital Media Services Businesses, including GlobeNewswire, from Nasdaq.
Formerly known as PrimeNewswire, the company changed its name to GlobeNewswire in 2008 to better reflect its international scope.
Operations.
According to its website, the company operates one of the world's largest newswire distribution networks, specializing in the delivery of corporate press releases financial disclosures and multimedia content to the media, investment community, individual investors and the general public.
In June 2018, GlobeNewswire introduced Media Snippets, providing the ability for organizations publishing press releases to embed a carousel of images, audio, video and live streaming into their press releases and web pages to tell a more complete brand story and increase engagement with media, investors and customers.
In 2012, GlobeNewswire introduced its Streaming Media Player, which allows users to alternate between videos and slides while monitoring a variety of news sources.


Paul Roberts (author)

Paul Roberts is an American journalist and author of three non-fiction books, including "The End of Oil" (2004) and "The End of Food" (2008). He had before been a regular contributor to "Harper's Magazine" and writes primarily about "the complex interplay of economics, technology, and the natural world."
Books.
"The End of Oil" (2004).
In his book-length debut, "The End of Oil", Roberts gave an analysis of the various problems associated with humanity's reliance on oil and other fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. The book received a number of positive reviews from American newspapers and review publications. Notably, environmentalist Bill McKibben, in an article for the New York Review of Books, described it as "perhaps the best single book ever produced about our energy economy and its environmental implications."
"The End of Food" (2008).
In 2008, Roberts published his second book, titled "The End of Food". It is similar in fashion to "The End of Oil" in that Roberts attempts a comprehensive analysis of food production with its intricacies and weaknesses. As a theme, Roberts asks whether modern agriculture, as it has emerged since the Green Revolution, will be able to feed a growing world population. "The End of Food" was described by Michael Pollan, a professor of science and environmental journalism at the University of California and himself an author of food-related non-fiction, as "the best analysis of the global food economy you are likely to find."
"The Impulse Society: America in the Age of Instant Gratification" (2014).
In 2014, Roberts published his third book, titled "The Impulse Society: America in the Age of Instant Gratification". The book was described by Elizabeth Gilbert as “tracing the country's many, disparate ills to the same source: as a nation, we've abandoned the common good. His analysis is smart, provocative, and timely. The Impulse Society compels us to reexamine what it is that we really want."
Personal life.
Roberts lives in Washington State.


Picture disc

Picture discs are gramophone (phonograph) records that show images on their playing surface, rather than being of plain black or colored vinyl. Collectors traditionally reserve the term picture disc for records with graphics that extend at least partly into the actual playable grooved area,
distinguishing them from picture label discs, which have a specially illustrated and sometimes very large label, and picture back discs, which are illustrated on one unplayable side only.
The beginnings.
A few seven-inch black shellac records issued by the Canadian Berliner Gramophone Company around 1900 had the "His Master's Voice" dog-and-gramophone trademark lightly etched into the surface of the playing area as an anti-piracy measure, technically qualifying them as picture discs by some definitions.
Apart from those debatable claimants for the title of "first", the earliest picture records were not discs, strictly speaking, but rectangular picture postcards with small, round, transparent celluloid records glued onto the illustrated side. Such cards were in use by about 1909. Later, the recordings were pressed into a transparent coating that covered the entire picture side of the card. This novelty product idea proved to have a very long life. In the 1950s and throughout the rest of the vinyl era, picture postcard records, usually oversized and often featuring a garish color photograph of a tourist attraction or typical local scenery, were issued in several countries. These and similar small novelty picture records on laminated paper or thin cardboard, such as were occasionally bound into magazines or featured on the backs of boxes of breakfast cereal, are usually not classed with the larger and sturdier discs that were sold in record stores or used as promotional gifts by record companies, but a few featured famous performers and are now eagerly sought by collectors of those artists' records.
The first picture discs of substantial size, sold as records meant only to be looked at and played, not put into a mailbox, appeared in the 1920s. Their first wave of significant popularity did not arrive until the start of the 1930s, when several companies in several countries began issuing them. Some were illustrated with photographs or artwork simply designed to be appropriate to the musical contents, but some graphics also promoted films in which the recorded songs had been introduced, and a few were blatant advertising that had little or no connection with the recording. Some politicians and demagogues explored the potential of the discs as a medium for propaganda. Adolf Hitler and British fascist Oswald Mosley were each featured on their own special picture discs.
Most of these records were made of a simple sheet of fairly thin printed cardboard with a very thin plastic coating and their audio quality was substandard. Some were more sturdy and well-made and they equaled or actually surpassed the audio quality of ordinary records, which were still made of a gritty shellac compound that introduced a lot of background noise. In 1933, RCA Victor in the U.S. issued a few typical cardboard-based picture records but was unhappy with their quality and soon began making an improved type. A rigid blank shellac core disc was sandwiched between two illustrated sheets and each side was then topped with a substantial layer of high-quality clear plastic into which the recording was pressed. Like nearly all records being made for the general public, they were recorded at 78 rpm, but one issue was recorded at 33⅓ rpm, a speed already in use for special purposes which Victor was then unsuccessfully attempting to introduce into home use. It was the first 33⅓ rpm picture disc and the only one made until many years later. These were deluxe picture discs, priced much higher than ordinary records, and they sold in very small numbers. In the early 1930s the entire record industry was being devastated by a worldwide economic depression and the proliferation of the new medium of radio, which made a wide variety of music available free of charge. Picture discs of all kinds were among the casualties.
1946 to 1969.
With the Great Depression and World War II no longer around to interfere with such modest luxuries, the picture disc reemerged in 1946, when Tom Saffardy's Sav-Way Industries began issuing Vogue Records. Vogues were a well-made product physically similar to RCA Victor's improved 1933 issues except that their core discs were aluminum instead of shellac. The Victor discs had been illustrated in high Art Deco style, often in sober but elegant black-and-white. Vogue's discs featured artwork done in the styles typical of 1940s commercial illustration and pin-up art, most of it gaudily colored, some dramatic, some humorous, some very cartoonish. The audio quality was excellent by contemporary standards and they featured professional talent, most with names known to the general public, but Vogue was handicapped by the lack of any big "hit" names. Top-tier talent was usually under exclusive contract to companies such as Mercury Records, for whom Sav-Way manufactured special attention-grabbing, quiet-surfaced picture discs that Mercury distributed only to radio disc jockeys. Vogue records retailed for US$1.05, about fifty percent more than ordinary ten-inch 78 rpm records. The novelty of the colorful discs attracted interest and sales at first, but success proved elusive and Vogue went out of business in 1947 after fewer than 100 catalog items bearing the Vogue logo had been issued.
More commercially successful and long-lived were some of the children's picture discs marketed by the Record Guild of America from the late 1940s through the 1950s. Their most popular and well-known issues resembled Vogue records in their general style of illustration and use of high-quality materials, but they were only 7 inches in diameter, had no reinforcing core disc, and sold for a much lower price. Other companies such as Voco also made picture discs for children.
Red Raven Movie Records, introduced in 1956, were a very unusual type of children's picture disc. They featured a sequence of sixteen interwoven animation frames arrayed around the center and were to be played at 78 rpm on a turntable with a short spindle, on which a small sixteen-mirrored device, a variety of the praxinoscope, was placed. Gazing into this as the record played, the user saw an endlessly repeating high-quality animated cartoon scene appropriate to the song. Only the earliest Red Raven discs, which were of the coated cardboard type but reinforced with a metal rim and spindle hole grommet, were true picture discs. The more common later issues were larger "picture label discs" made of solid colored opaque, translucent or transparent plastic, with the recording in a band surrounding a very large label that carried the animation graphics. In the 1960s similar products were introduced in several countries under various brand names—Teddy in France and the Netherlands, Mamil Moviton in Italy, etc.
Picture discs of the large and solid Victor-Vogue type were very rarely issued in the U.S. between the demise of Vogue in 1947 and the end of the 1960s, but several lines of picture discs, such as the French Saturnes, were produced in Europe and Japan during these years.
1970 and beyond.
A new generation of picture discs appeared in the 1970s. The first serious pictures discs, with acceptable but still inferior sound quality, were developed by Metronome Records GmbH, a subsidiary of Elektra Records. These new picture discs were made by creating a five-layer lamination consisting of a core of black vinyl with kiln-dried paper decals on either side and then outer skins of clear vinyl film, manufactured by 3M, on the outsides. In manufacture, one layer of the clear film was first placed on the bed of the press on top of the stamper, then a "puck" of hot black vinyl from the extruder was placed on top of that. Finally the top print and vinyl film layer was added (held by a retracting pin in the upper profile usually employed to retain the upper paper label) and the press closed. Problems with poor vinyl flow caused by the paper texture and air released from the paper (that had not been removed in the kiln drying process) plagued the process.
The first 'modern' rock picture disc was introduced as an assortment of artists such as the MC5 and The Doors. It was released in 1969 by Metronome of Germany and entitled "Psychedelic Underground - Off 2, Hallucinations". The second release was the British progressive rock band Curved Air's first album, "Air Conditioning", a UK issue (1970). One commercially issued American picture disc is "To Elvis: Love Still Burning", a collection of 11 Elvis Presley tribute songs by various artists, issued in May 1978. Both sides of the album (Fotoplay FSP-1001) picture Presley.
Initially picture discs were usually promotional items pressed in small quantities, but by the late 1970s they began to be produced as commercial products in large quantities. In the 1980s numerous commercial picture discs were released, but by the end of the decade the interest for picture discs had declined.
Types of picture discs.
On some picture discs, the images used were meant to create an optical illusion while the record was rotating on the turntable (as in the B side of Curved Air's "Airconditioning"), while others used the visual effect to add to the music — for example, the 1979 picture disc of Fischer-Z's "The Worker" featured a train which endlessly commuted around the turntable, reinforcing the song's message.
Later picture discs included liquid light show style fluids between the vinyl, Rowlux 3D effect film, diffraction rainbow film, metal flake ("vide" examples here), pressure-sensitive liquid crystals that changed color when the record was picked up, and a real holographic record.
Interview discs are quite commonly pressed as picture discs as well.
Picture discs by band.
Muse.
British rock band, Muse have released several picture discs since 2006. They have also notably had much of their work pressed on clear vinyl since 1999.


Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM


Uncle Jack

Uncle Jack was a children's TV show which aired on BBC1 in the early 1990s.
The plot centres around Jack Green, an environmentalist and undercover agent for MI5, who with his family are on a mission to save the planet. Jack's archenemy was a criminal known only as "the Vixen" who would come up with diabolical schemes to rule the world.
Episodes.
Uncle Jack ran for four series with four six part episodes with each having an environmental message:
Series 1 (1990).
Uncle Jack and Operation Green
Episodes:
1. How it all Began..2. The Plot Thickens3. Carrying the Can4. Oil5. Kidnapped6. All Tied Up
Uncle Jack accidentally gets hold of a formula for a lethal new gas being developed by the GasChem company, but MI5, the Russians and the Americans are after it and all request help from the World's smartest criminal, known only as the Vixen.
Series 2 (1991).
Uncle Jack and the Loch Noch Monster
Episodes:
1. Sinister Happenings...2. The Return of the Vixen3. Operation Rescue4. Terror In Edinburgh5. Monsters Galore!6. Countdown
Uncle Jack and his sister's family visit his cousin and his daughter, Tammy, in Scotland only to find that he has disappeared since he went fishing in his boat at Loch Noch and Tammy has been left at home on her own. Jack discovers that the marine base at the Loch is hiding something after also seeing a radioactive material that keeps appearing everywhere that ties in with the mystery of his cousin's disappearance. Meanwhile, the Vixen is up to her old tricks again and wants to use the radioactive material to terrorize the world.
Series 3 (1992).
Uncle Jack and the Dark Side of the Moon
Episodes:
1. Evil Weather2. Kidnapped3. The Vixen Strikes4. Escape 5. The Vixen Has Landed 6. Off With His Head
When Uncle Jack visits Kate at her new school, he discovers the weather around Brimley Crompton is changing from one extreme to another with heat waves, sudden blustery winds and rain, as if someone is controlling the weather. That someone just happens to be the Vixen from her base on the moon using a standing stone in the school grounds with the help of the school headmistress, Miss Bones and her brother.
Series 4 (1993).
Uncle Jack and Cleopatra's Mummy
Episodes:
1. A Dig At El Ninny 2. The Camel's Breath 3. Meet The Mummy 4. The Legend Comes Alive5. The Tomb Of El Wadi 6. The Treasure Of Cleopatra!
Uncle Jack travels to Egypt with his niece Helen to find the lost treasure of Queen Cleopatra, but a mummy seems to be guarding it. The Vixen also wants the treasure and is determined to get to it first by any means necessary without anyone stopping her.


XMLmind

XMLmind XML Editor is a strictly validating, near WYSIWYG, XML editor.
It supports DocBook, Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA), MathML and XHTML.
The XXE Standard edition is available free for personal use. There is also a comparatively low-cost Professional Edition.
XMLmind is recommended for working with the O'Reilly Atlas publishing platform.


Radio in New Zealand

Radio broadcasting began in New Zealand in 1922, and is now dominated by almost thirty radio networks and station groups. The Government has dominated broadcasting since 1925, but through privatisation and deregulation (in 1989) has allowed commercial talk and music stations to reach large audiences. New Zealand also has several radio stations serving Māori tribes, Pacific Island communities, ethnic minorities, evangelical Christians and special interests.
State-owned broadcaster Radio New Zealand reaches the broadest range of listeners with bilingual flagship broadcaster Radio New Zealand National. Several previously state-owned radio brands like top-rating talk station Newstalk ZB are now owned by NZME Radio, which operates eight networks on terrestrial radio and iHeartRadio. Ten radio networks are operated by MediaWorks New Zealand, including top-rating music stations The Edge and The Rock. Independent stations like The SkiFM Network, 1XX and Coast FM continue to serve local communities, alongside low-powered and internet stations.
New Zealand was also one of the first countries to introduce Christian radio, with Rhema Media now operating three networks around the country. The Student Radio Network began with the start of bFM in 1969 and the first of the country's community access broadcasters was founded in 1981. Te Māngai Pāho funds Māori iwi radio stations, and the Pacific Media Network continues to receive Government support.
History.
Early radio.
Professor Robert Jack made the first broadcast in New Zealand from the University of Otago physics department on 17 November 1921. The first radio station, Radio Dunedin, began broadcasting on 4 October 1922, but it was only in 1925 that the Radio Broadcasting Company (RBC) began broadcasts throughout New Zealand.
In 1930, station 1ZR began operating from the Queen Street premises of Lewis Eady Limited in Auckland. Pioneer broadcasters included Aunt Daisy, Dudley Wrathall and Rod Talbot. A "radio church", the 'Friendly Road', was run by 'Uncle Tom' Garland and the Reverend Colin Scrimgeour.
In 1932, RBC's assets were acquired by the government, which established the New Zealand Broadcasting Board (NZBB). This would later be replaced by the New Zealand National Broadcasting Service (NBS) and the National Commercial Broadcasting Service (NCBS). In the 1950s, these merged to become the New Zealand Broadcasting Service (NZBS), a government department. In 1962, this gave way to the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation (NZBC), an independent public body modelled on the BBC in the UK.
Until the 1980s, stations used a series of New Zealand call signs, consisting of a single digit and two letters (see right). In addition to YA National programme stations, YC Concert programme stations and a limited number of privately owned X stations, several stations were operated commercially by the government. In each region, the largest city was assigned a ZB station (1ZB Auckland, 2ZB Wellington, 3ZB Christchurch and 4ZB Dunedin) and a ZM music station (1ZM Auckland, 2ZM Wellington and 3ZM Christchurch). The Newstalk ZB and ZM brands continue to be used by The Radio Network. The second largest city was assigned a ZA station: 1ZA in Taupo, 2ZA in Palmerston North, 3ZA in Greymouth and 4ZA in Invercargill. In other towns and cities the final letter was assigned from the town or city name such as 4ZG in Gore and 1ZH in Hamilton. These ZA and other stations, also now owned by The Radio Network, have been rebranded as Classic Hits. 1YA, 2YK, 3AQ, 4YA were the first stations operating in the country's four main cities, and 5ZB was a mobile radio station broadcast in railway carriages during the 1940s.
In 1978, the country switched from 10 kHz to 9 kHz channel spacing on the AM band.
The Government deregulated the broadcasting market in 1989, and the number of private stations grew exponentially as a result. Most were locally owned and operated, but eventually became part of the Mediaworks group of stations, and by 2004 the majority of former privately owned stations had been rebranded (see below) and owned by the one company.
FM broadcasting.
The United Kingdom and New Zealand until recently shared an FM broadcasting allocation of 88.0–105.0 MHz. This smaller allocation (less than the 20 MHz from 88 to 108 MHz typical of FM in the rest of the world) can be traced to the 405 line television system's VHF allocation block. The UK adopted the 405 line system. New Zealand considered adopting it in the late 1950s but had adopted PAL by 1960. Meanwhile, the band above 105 MHz had been filled with land-based mobile radio-telephone users (taxis, police and others). New Zealand's FM frequency allocation issue was not fixed until the late 1990s, after those users had been reassigned channels elsewhere, when the band was expanded to the full 20 MHz. Both New Zealand and the United Kingdom now have the standard global allocation of 88–108 MHz for FM. NZ permits Radio Data System subcarriers, but their adoption is not universal. Radio NZ uses RDS for its FM network, but commercial radio's adoption of the technology is not universal.
The first station to broadcast on FM in New Zealand was a temporary station in Whakatane called FM 90.7. The station ran from 5 January 1982 until 31 January 1982. The first permanent station in New Zealand to broadcast on FM was Magic 91FM in Auckland broadcasting on 91.0FM followed by 89 Stereo FM broadcasting on 89.4FM. Both stations are no longer in operation; Magic 91 is the local Auckland frequency for ZM and 89 Stereo FM today broadcasts a simulcasted FM version of Newstalk ZB. Radio New Zealand started broadcasting on FM in the early 1980s and most networks now broadcast on FM. On 22 February 1982, Victoria University of Wellington's student station Radio Active became the first station in Wellington to legally broadcast on FM.
Pirate radio.
From 1966, Radio Hauraki broadcast from the MV "Tiri" that was moored in international waters near Auckland, and in 1968 from the MV "Tiri II". This was the only ship-based pirate station to ever broadcast in the Southern Hemisphere which it did for 1,111 days, although it was subsequently discovered that the ship had always been moored in the New Zealand territorial waters off the Hauraki Gulf.
In 1970 it was granted a license to broadcast from land and a successor company still broadcasts to the Auckland market under the Radio Hauraki brand and is networked nationwide. In 1972, Radio Bosom broadcast briefly until Post Office inspectors found and seized the transmitter which was concealed in a maintenance tunnel under a University of Auckland building. Now known as "bFM", the station broadcasts legally from the University of Auckland student union building.
Kiwi Radio began broadcasting as 4YZW on 1977, and as WKNZ on the medium wave band in 1978. On 25 March 1980 they launched a pirate Radio Freedom broadcast on both shortwave and FM. In 1983, the name was changed to "Kiwi Radio", due to not wanting to be confused with the many other stations named Radio Freedom. Kiwi Radio was known to relay other pirates, such as some from Australia, before it ceased broadcasting in 1997. In 2013, Radio Totse began broadcasting on shortwave to North America on 6925 kHz.
Public radio.
Radio New Zealand.
Radio New Zealand is a New Zealand's state-owned national public service radio broadcasting service. It was formed in 1925, and took on its modern form under the Radio New Zealand Act 1995. The broadcaster is bound by the Charter and Operating Principles included in the Act, which is reviewed by the New Zealand Parliament every five years and was last amended in 2004. The broadcaster is required to provoke debate and critical thought, reflect New Zealand and Māori cultural diversity, cater for varied ages and interests, promote music and drama and create a sense of national identity. It is also a Civil Defence broadcaster.
Radio New Zealand National, formerly National Radio, is Radio New Zealand's general public service broadcaster. It broadcasts flagship news programmes like Morning Report, Midday Report and Checkpoint, alongside morning show Nine to Noon, afternoon show The Panel and a range of interviews and magazine programmes. Radio New Zealand Concert is FM radio network broadcasting classical and jazz music and regular news updates. The playlist is among the most diverse and eclectic of the world's state run classical music networks. Other services offered by Radio New Zealand include the Radio New Zealand International Pacific shortwave service, the AM Network Parliamentary broadcaster and The Wireless youth website.
Iwi Radio Network.
Te Whakaruruhau o Ngā Reo Irirangi Māori is a Māori radio network of bilingual English and Māori language radio stations serving local Māori iwi through local frequencies and online streaming. The individual stations are all funded by and accountable to Te Māngai Pāho. They broadcast national and local news coverage, music, educational programming, comedy, drama and programmes that teach the Māori language, with local personalities, community shows and shared network programmes.
Pacific Media Network.
The Pacific Media Network is a pan-Pasifika national broadcasting group owned and operated by the National Pacific Radio Trust and funded by New Zealand on Air. It has a legislative role of serving Pacific peoples and communities in English and ten Pacific languages, in a way that shapes the country's national identity. It also aims to "empower, encourage and nurture Pacific cultural identity and economic prosperity in New Zealand, to celebrate the Pacific spirit". Its primary source of income is a $3.25 million annual grant from the Government. Pacific Media includes the nationwide Niu FM radio network set up in 2002, the Auckland-based Radio 531pi station launched in 1993, and the independent Pacific Radio News service.
Access Radio Network.
The Association of Community Access Broadcasters represents the twelve community radio stations set-up between 1981 and 2010 which have received government funding since 1989. They broadcast community programming and provide facilities, training and on-air time for individuals and community groups to produce programming. The stations are also required to represent particular religions, cultures, languages, ages and sexualities. There are currently local access stations in Auckland, Waikato, Taranaki, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu, Wairarapa, Kapiti, Wellington, Nelson, Canterbury, Otago and Southland.
Student Radio Network.
The Student Radio Network (known as bNet between 1998 and 2009) is a loose grouping of the current and former student radio stations. These radio stations broadcast local independent news and current affairs, and have provided a platform for new or independent New Zealand artists. The network has co-operated on advertising sales, collaborated on ideas and shared original programming. Some stations are run by student associations while others are owned by independent non-profit trusts. The 2011 Canterbury earthquake and the introduction of voluntary student membership have raised fresh concerns about the future of student broadcasting, but the role of the stations continues to be recognised by New Zealand on Air and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
The network began as a grouping of university student radio stations in major centres, and for a while operated as a commercial network of student union stations and former student union stations in six markets. In 1986 member station Radio One launched the Rad-One Card, a low-cost discount and loyalty card with on-air competitions, to raise funds. Similar schemes have now been launched by other stations, such as the Active card by Radio Active and the bCard by bFM and Bank of New Zealand. It adopted the name bNet for over a decade, using the brand of Auckland member station bFM, and held the bNet NZ Music Awards between 1998 and 2007 to promote the role the stations played in fostering New Zealand music across genres. However, the group agreed to change its name back to Student Radio Network at a meeting in 2009, to reflect the broader range of student radio brands. The stations continue to provide a spotlight for local bands, having previously helped promote Fat Freddys Drop, Kora, Jordan Reyne, Dimmer, Jet Jaguar, Shocking Pinks, The Enright House and some underground and electronica acts.
In 1986 the Weird Culture, Weird Custom compilation was released with twelve tracks on the album, two chosen by competition by each of the six member stations. Artists included Jean-Paul Sartre Experience, Putty in Her Hands, and Cassandra's Ears. It was distributed by Jayrem Records. "Freak The Sheep Vol. 2" was another similar compilation album released by Flying Nun Records in 1992.
Private radio.
Central Media Group (Ski FM Network).
The Ski FM Network is New Zealand's largest independent Top 40 radio network, wholly privately owned and operated.
From studios in Taupo, the program audio is fed to the network via high speed fiber to Whanganui on 93.6 FM, Ohakune 106.2 FM, Ruapehu/Turoa 91.8, National Park/Whakapapa 105.4, Rotorua 90.0 FM, Taihape 107FM, Taumarunui 91.1, Taupo 87.8 FM, and online via Tune-In, iHeart Radio and www.skifmnetwork.co.nz.
Originally established in the early 80's as a niche market platform, the brand has seen a few owners over the years and since 2012 the current owners have solidified additional frequencies for use around New Zealand at a later date for additional brands and content. An additional 12 frequencies have been secured for future expansion.
The Ski Brand has a regional coverage which includes a population footprint of 135,772 plus the Summer and Winter visitor population spikes, it allows their advertisers to buy at provincial rates and receive metropolitan sized audiences. Currently, with no need for segmented markets, advertisers find the return on investment for full network placement works exceptionally well.
New Zealand Media and Entertainment.
New Zealand Media and Entertainment is one of New Zealand's largest radio companies. It was formed in 2014 through the formal merger of The Radio Network and the New Zealand assets of APN News & Media, which includes magazines and newspapers like "The New Zealand Herald". The Radio Network, in turn, began when the commercial radio activities of Radio New Zealand were sold-off in 1996, putting the Sports Roundup service and the Newstalk ZB, Classic Hits and ZM networks into entirely private ownership.
The company now runs talk radio network Newstalk ZB and sports radio network Radio Sport alongside music networks Radio Hauraki, Coast, Flava, The Hits and Mix. Privately owned Gore station Hokonui Gold is operated by NZME under a long-term lease contract.
MediaWorks New Zealand.
MediaWorks New Zealand operates ten radio brands alongside its television brands, TV3 and FOUR. It was formed in 2004 when CanWest Global Communications combined television company TV3 Network Services and radio company RadioWorks, to sell-down its shares in the company on the NZSX and sell its remaining stake to Ironbridge Capital. MediaWorks has continued to face ongoing financial difficulties, requiring a $43 million loan from the Government in 2011 before briefly going into receivership in 2013. Since Mark Weldon took charge of the company in August 2014, it has outlined plans for greater integration between radio and television. This includes the planned introduction of a combined news service, NewsHub, in 2016.
Since its inception in 2004, MediaWorks has relaunched local heritage stations to its adult contemporary More FM and easy listening The Breeze brands, reducing or removing local programming. Its other music brands include The Edge, The Rock and The Sound. It has rolled out new talk radio network Radio Live and local music station Kiwi FM, converted Radio Pacific to LiveSport, and purchased brands Mai FM and George FM. MediaWorks affiliates include Times FM in Orewa, Coromandel FM on the Coromandel Peninsula, Radio Dunedin in Otago and Port FM in Timaru.
Rhema Media.
Rhema Media is the country's largest Christian media organisation, and a major New Zealand radio company. Christchurch evangelist Richard Berry first proposed Radio Rhema in the 1960s, and it began permanently broadcasting in 1976. Rhema Media is the founding organisation of United Christian Broadcasters and provides the model of broadcasting for member organisations in other countries. For example, Australia's Rhema FM is modelled on New Zealand's Rhema.
The organisation is predominantly funded by donations, and operates young-oriented Life FM, family-oriented Rhema and Star for older listeners. The future of some of its networks was brought into question in 2010, when the Government required Rhema Media to raise 6.4 million dollars to renew its commercial radio frequencies for the following two decades.
Brian FM.
Broadcasting to Marlborough, Whanganui, Taihape, Timaru, Oamaru, Ashburton, Alexandra and Cromwell. The station does not use DJ's, instead plays music with short ad libbed commercials.
The Wolf.
The Wolf was short-lived radio network based at Lake Tekapo in South Canterbury. The station was independently owned from its outset in 2001, and broadcast to rural areas where in some cases the larger network stations did not broadcast or operate local stations. The network started at a time when many New Zealand stations had been taken over by New Zealand's two largest radio companies The Radio Network and MediaWorks New Zealand or replaced with a network product based from one of the main centers, particularly Auckland. Due to funding issues, it went off the air permanently in 2003.
The network broadcast on 100.6 FM in several centres, including Temuka, Blenheim, Kaikoura, Methven, Waimate, Oamaru, Alexandra, Gore, Mount Cook, Reefton, Geraldine, Twizel, Fairlie, Murchison, Timaru, Westport, Hanmer Springs and Karamea. It also broadcast on 91.9 FM in Hokitika, 97.8 FM in Lake Tekapo, 99.0 FM in Kapiti Coast, 105.4 FM in Auckland and 1593 AM in Christchurch. The Wolf was available nationwide on the Sky Television digital service.
Low power and amateur.
Low power broadcasting licenses in New Zealand are issued by Radio Spectrum Management and managed by the Ministry of Economic Development. In many cases, they provide community groups with easy access to broadcasting. Any resident is allowed a free licence at a maximum of 1 watt EIRP in the FM guardbands from 87.6 to 88.3 and from 106.7 to 107.7 MHz under a General User Radio License (GURL). Prior to June 2010, the lower band was located between 88.1 and 88.8 and a maximum of 500 mW EIRP allowed. Broadcasters on these frequencies are required to cease operations if they interfere with other, licensed broadcasters and have no protection from interference from other licensed or unlicensed broadcasters. Contact details must also be broadcast every hour.
One licensee may operate two transmitters anywhere (close together), but a third transmitter must be at least 25 km away from at least one of the first two transmitters. Radio Inspectors regularly monitor and make random unannounced visits to broadcasters, and will impose fines for violations of the regulations. New broadcasters are also subject to an initial compulsory inspection. The high cost of frequencies in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch makes low-power broadcasting particularly popular in these markets.
Radio markets.
Radio stations in New Zealand include some network stations and a number of predominantly low-power stations that operate in a single market. Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch are the largest commercial radio markets, surveyed twice a year by GfK New Zealand in March and August/September. Between 1991 and 2015, the survey was conducted by TNS New Zealand. Smaller markets like Waikato are surveyed once a year in the second August research term, while several others use other means to measure audience share.
Radio New Zealand networks do not participate in commercial market surveys, meaning they are not included in listener numbers and are not counted in market share. However, a Nielsen Media Research survey commissioned by Radio New Zealand suggests its National and Concert stations reach a combined audience of 563 thousand unique listeners. The National programme reaches 503 thousand, or 14 percent of the 15+ population, giving it 10.2 percent station share. The Concert programme reaches 138 thousand or 4 percent of the 15+ population, with an estimated market share of 1.4 percent. Commercial radio surveys, by comparison, are based on listeners 10+.
Auckland.
Auckland is the country's largest radio market. Surveys of 3000 people are conducted twice a year to garner the listener habits of more than 1.2 million people who live in Auckland's urban centres. Due in part to high levels of peak hour commuter traffic congestion, 74.6 percent listen to the radio on a weekly basis. Newstalk ZB has maintained a long-running first place in the ratings under successive breakfast hosts Paul Holmes and Mike Hosking, with a 13.4 percent station share and a weekly cumulative audience of 178 thousand listeners in the latest Q2-14 survey for August to September 2014.
The Edge has 7.7 percent share and 169.2 thousand listeners; ZM has 4.5 percent share and 136.9 thousand listeners; The Breeze has 7.8 percent share and 136.2 thousand listeners; Mai FM has 5.2 percent share and 126.2 thousand listeners; and Coast has 7.8 percent share and 105.4 thousand listeners. Radio Live, The Hits, The Sound, The Rock, George FM, More FM, Flava and Radio Hauraki all maintain audiences over 50 thousand. Radio Sport, the BBC World Service and Hindi station Radio Tarana also have audiences above 30 thousand.
Wellington.
The Wellington market covers an area of around 335 thousand people, where 64.1 percent of people listen to commercial radio during the week. A survey of around 1500 people is conducted in the market twice a year. Despite the absence of former local breakfast duo Polly and Grant, ZM continues to lead the ratings with around 42 thousand listeners each week and 6.7 percent market share.
Newstalk ZB has local news and a local morning programme, has the highest market share at 14.5 percent, and has around 34 thousand listeners. Long-running and predominantly local station The Breeze has 12.7 percent station share and over 38 thousand listeners. The Hits and The Edge also have more than 30 thousand listeners and more than 7 percent market share.
Christchurch.
Around 1500 people are surveyed for the Christchurch market, in which 72.8 percent of the population of 365 thousand people are radio listeners. Under breakfast hosts Simon Barnett and Gary McCormick, More FM consistently leads the ratings with around 70 thousand listeners. Newstalk ZB maintains the highest market share at 15.3 percent, with nearly 56 thousand listeners. Its local news and morning programme provide a particular focus on the issues that have followed the 2010 Canterbury earthquake.
The Breeze has 57 thousand listeners and 9.9 percent station share; The Sound has 44 thousand listeners and 9.1 percent station share; and The Edge, The Rock and ZM also have more than 30 thousand listeners and more than 3 percent station share.
Other survey markets.
New Zealand's provincial radio markets are surveyed once a year in August and September, with survey sizes of 800 to 1000 people. The largest of these is the Waikato market, in which there are 227 thousand people and 79.7 percent of people listen to the radio each week. Locally founded The Edge has the most listeners at 47 thousand, followed by ZM with 44 thousand listeners. Partly local The Hits has 12.2 percent market share and 33 thousand listeners, just ahead of locally founded The Rock with 12.1 percent market share and 32 thousand listeners.
Three other markets also cover the upper North Island. Northland covers 112 thousand people, with More FM reaching 27 thousand listeners and 17.3 percent market share. Tauranga covers 136 thousand people, with Coast reaching 23 thousand listeners and 15 percent market share. Only 47 thousand people live in the Rotorua market, where Flava leads with 8 thousand listeners and Coast has 16.6 percent market share.
In the central North Island, Taranaki includes a population of 84 thousand people, with The Edge attracting 21 thousand listeners and The Hits securing 13.8 percent market share. The Hawke's Bay market includes 107 thousand people, with 23 thousand listeners tuning into The Edge and Newstalk ZB maintaining 15.6 percent market share. Manawatu has a radio market of 97 thousand, with 18 thousand listening The Edge and 15 percent of market share going to The Rock.
On the South Island, the Nelson market includes 61 thousand people, with 15 thousand people listening to The Edge and 15 percent of market share going to Coast. Dunedin includes 102 thousand people, with 19 thousand listening to The Edge, 16 thousand listening to The Hits and Radio Dunedin maintaining a 14.8 percent market share. Southland covers 68 thousand people, including 14 thousand listening to The Edge. Market share is heavily contested with Coast securing around 16.5 percent and The Rock securing 15 percent.
Non-survey markets.
There are several radio markets that are not recognised by commercial surveys, but in which there is still competition between commercial radio stations such as Newstalk ZB. These include Tokoroa and Taupo in the Waikato and the Kapiti Coast in Wellington. Others include Blenheim in Marlborough, Greymouth on the West Coast, Ashburton and Timaru in Canterbury, and Oamaru, Alexandra, and Queenstown in Otago.


The C.G.E. Show

The C.G.E. Show was a Canadian television series which aired on CBC Television on September 8, 1952 to June 14, 1959. The C.G.E. Show (sponsored by Canadian General Electric) featured the Leslie Bell Singers, a choir of twenty-one young women, and the Howard Cable Orchestra.


David Coe (businessman)

David Coe (c.1954 – 21 January 2013) was an Australian businessman, best known for being the chairman and managing director of Allco Finance Group.
Career.
Coe first worked as a lawyer at Mallesons Stephen Jaques during the 1970s, before John Kinghorn, the founder of RAMS Home Loans, asked him to join Allco in 1986. Coe was instrumental in Allco becoming one of the world's biggest providers of finance to the infrastructure and aviation sectors.
Coe became known for his attempted takeovers of successful businesses, and unsuccessfully bid for Qantas Airline for a sum of $11.1 billion in 2006. In 2007 he oversaw the purchase by Allco of Gordon Fell's Rubicon Property Group, for $263 million. He and Fell were both directors of Allco, and Coe was a director of Rubicon. The Federal Court was later told that, eight months before its sale, Rubicon had commissioned a valuation from accountants KPMG, which had estimated the worth of the company at between $74 million and $88 million, roughly a third of the price that Allco paid.
Coe stepped down as chairman of Allco in early 2008, shortly before the company collapsed under $1.1 billion of debt. Although many described the failure as a result of the 2008 global financial crisis, others blamed the group’s complex structure and huge debt levels. After the downfall of Allco, Coe kept a lower profile, but remained involved in various business pursuits.
Coe donated nearly $1 million to the Sydney Children's Hospital and served on the board of the hospital's charity foundation from 1997 to 2009. He was a prominent supporter of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney, and also served on its board.
Death.
He died on 21 January 2013 of a suspected heart attack while skiing in Aspen, Colorado, USA, and was survived by his wife Michelle and three sons.
References.


PR Newswire

PR Newswire was a distributor of press releases headquartered in New York City. The service was created in 1954 to allow companies to electronically send press releases to news organizations, at first using teleprinters. The founder, Herbert Muschel, operated the service from his house in Manhattan for approximately 15 years. The business was eventually sold to Western Union and then United Newspapers of London. In December 2015, Cision Inc. announced it would acquire the company. On January 1, 2021, Cision formally merged PR Newswire into the company, ending its status as a legal entity after 66 years. Cision plans to continue utilizing the brand name for the foreseeable future in the United States, as well as in Europe and the Asia-Pacific regions.
History.
PR Newswire was founded in March 1954. In 1971, it was sold to Western Union, which had provided the telecommunications lines and teleprinters that supported the service. In 1977, PR Newswire began using electronic terminals for copy editing.
In 2000 the company acquired eWatch, founded in 1995 as an automated service to monitor websites, chat rooms, Usenet groups, web publications, online service forums and investor message boards for mentions of a specific organization, issue, product or service. In 2001, PR Newswire issued a multimedia news release for Touchstone Pictures promoting the film "Pearl Harbor", which included b-roll, soundbites, high resolution images, and film trailer. On April 17, 2007, PR Newswire acquired Vintage Filings.
In December 2008, PR Newswire moved its New York City corporate headquarters from Midtown Manhattan to Lower Manhattan, at 350 Hudson Street. In mid-2009, PR Newswire acquired The Fuel Team. The largest competitor to PR Newswire is Business Wire, as of 2014 and PR News Journal as of 2018. On December 15, 2015, PR Newswire was sold to global media intelligence company, Cision, for $841 million. The transaction, which required approval by the shareholders of UBM plc as well as regulatory approvals, was expected to close late in the first quarter of 2016. As of June 2016 (closing date of the deal) it became a subsidiary of Cision. As of 2013, the PR newswire database included 10,700 syndicated websites and had 800,000 journalists and influencers in its network.
In the 2010s, PR Newswire and its competitor Business Wire were the target of extensive successful attacks by Ukrainian hackers, who accessed not yet published press releases to enable insider trading. According to the FBI, the case was the world's largest known computer hacking and securities fraud, with profits exceeding $100 million in those trades that were made public by the SEC alone, but believed to be vastly higher than that by the authorities.
In 2021, there are unconfirmed reports that parent company Cision are looking to spin off PR Newswire driven by Cision-majority owner Platinum Equity.


Bill McGlashan

William E. McGlashan Jr. (born November 20, 1963) is an American businessman and former international private equity investor. McGlashan founded TPG Growth, the growth equity and smaller buyout investment arm of TPG Capital, a global private equity investment firm. He is also a founder and was the initial-CEO of The Rise Fund, a social impact fund he co-founded with Bono and Jeffrey Skoll.
McGlashan is a co-founder and a former board member of STX Entertainment, an American film and television studio launched in 2014 with Robert Simonds, and a cofounder and director of Evolution Media Capital.
McGlashan was arrested March 12, 2019, after being caught on FBI audio recordings, for participating in a college admissions bribery scandal. He was then fired for cause by TPG. He pled guilty in February 2021 to paying William "Rick" Singer to fix his son's test score. In May 2021, McGlashan was ordered to undergo a sentence which includes three months in prison and a $250,000 fine.
Career.
Before joining TPG Capital in 2004, McGlashan was Chairman and CEO of the micro-cap company Critical Path. He joined the email service company in April 2001, three months into an accounting scandal that caused Critical Path’s stock to drop 75 percent, prompted two dozen shareholder lawsuits, and resulted in criminal charges against four executives. McGlashan was credited with keeping Critical Path out of bankruptcy, eliminating 87 percent of its debt, and settling the lawsuits within three months for $17.5 million, compared to the potential claim total of $240 million and delaying its NASDAQ delisting until shortly after his departure for failing to meet the minimum $15 million market capitalization requirement.
Previously, McGlashan co-founded and was CEO of Vectis Group, a venture capital firm that invested in emerging markets. Prior to Vectis Group, McGlashan co-founded and served as CEO of Generation Ventures, which focused on developing new healthcare and technology companies in China. In 1994, he co-founded and served as President of Pharmanex, Inc. In 1998, Pharmanex was sold to Nu Skin, an herbal supplement company. Earlier in his career, McGlashan was a senior associate with Bain Capital and Information Partners.
McGlashan was active on a number of boards, including Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. (as chairman), XOJET (as chairman), Creative Artists Agency, HotSchedules, Elevance Renewable Sciences, Ride, e.l.f. Cosmetics, Brava, Seasoned, and Common Sense Media. He has also been a board member at Survey Monkey, SuccessFactors, Schiff Nutrition International, AgraQuest, and WIL Research Laboratories.
He has been a prolific donor to local and national Democratic candidates. Among non-profits, McGlashan has had board of director roles at Common Sense Media and is active with the Young Presidents’ Organization and the World Economic Forum, and had served on the Stanford Graduate School of Business Advisory Council. He is also the founder of The Rise Fund, a social impact fund started by TPG Growth in partnership with Elevar Equity. McGlashan was recognized for The Rise Fund, a $2 billion impact-investing initiative, in this year’s Vanity Fair New Establishment list. He was fired from his job at TPG after his arrest in the college admissions scandal was revealed.
Education and global experience.
McGlashan earned a B.A. with honors from Yale University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
As a Stanford University business student in the late 1980s, McGlashan co-founded the World Service Project. The project’s goal was to offer administrative and practical support to projects with a new model of multinational teams in such areas as environmental preservation and hunger prevention. The organization received support from U.S. Senators and Representatives, The Rockefeller Foundation, the U.S. Peace Corps and Nobel laureate Oscar Arias Sanchez.
In 2013, McGlashan relocated temporarily with his family to Mumbai, India, to manage investments in India and Asia. He was said to be “the first global head of a premier bulge bracket (Private Equity) house physically making such a ‘transformative’ relocation” ("The Economic Times").
Legal issues.
On March 11, 2019, McGlashan, along with numerous others was arrested for his role in the 2019 college admissions bribery scandal. After a lengthy FBI investigation, the U.S. Department of Justice charged McGlashan with falsifying his son’s test scores and attempting to secure his son's admission into the University of Southern California by bribing officials into enhancing his son's academic and athletic abilities in a sport he never played so his son's application would be more competitive and be eligible for the school's "side door" admission. Further reports say that "McGlashlan allegedly paid $50,000 to the charitable arm of the college prep group with the understanding that the company would correct his son's answers on the ACT." The allegation against McGlashan resulted in his being fired by the TPG. However, McGlashan claims he was "initially put on leave” and “already had resigned” prior to being terminated for cause. However a recent Axios article recently stated, “It seems that McGlashan just can't avoid lying: There's no way he didn't know why his bosses wanted to fire him rather than allowing him to resign.” After his arrest, investors were permitted to pull their commitments from his social impact fund, a move that could have an adverse effect on the firm's goal of raising three billion dollars by the end of 2019.
On February 10, 2021, McGlashan pled guilty to one count of wire fraud which involved paying Singer $50,000 to boost his son’s test scores. He was sentenced to three months in prison and was also ordered to pay a $250,000 fine. On May 12, 2021, U.S. District Judge Nathaniel Gorton, who handed McGlashan his February 2021 sentence, ordered McGlashan to prison, telling him during a virtual court hearing "You will serve at least some time in jail to demonstrate that even the rich and famous cannot avoid the rule of law."
Personal life.
McGlashan is married to Marie Rasic McGlashan; together they have three children. Together the couple donated to Dominican Sisters Vision of Hope in 2017 and 2018. They have also donated to the Marin Agricultural Land Trust. He is the nephew of the former Marin County supervisor Charles McGlashan, who died in 2011.


Minolta helps you see the light


ITPCS

International Telecommunications Public Correspondence Service (ITPCS) is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposal for allocation of country code "991" for use in some form of individual-based international numbering plan.
The service may have been intended for ENUM trials, as the ITU allocated the range "991 001" to Neustar for use in trial in 2002. However, the most recent approved ENUM trial, with Telesoft Technologies's Sentiro, was allocated space in the Universal personal telecommunications (UPT) range (country code 878). No other allocations have been reported in 991.
Application templates addressed to the ITU for E.164 shared country codes and identification codes require descriptions of the "Public Correspondence Service" to be provided with those codes.


Mercha

Mercha (Hebrew: , also spelled Merkha and other variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books that are chanted.
Mercha is found in several trope groups, though the melody varies from one use to the next. It is the beginning of the Etnachta group, can be found either once or twice preceding the Sof passuk, or can occasionally precede the Pashta in the Katon group or a Tevir.
Mercha appears in the Torah 9117 times—the second most of any trope sounds. Only Tipcha occurs more often.
The Hebrew word מֵרְכָ֥א translates into English as "comma".
Melody.
In Sof Passuk group.
First appearance (before Tipcha)
Second appearance (after Tipcha)


Pinch wheel

Pinch wheel or pinch roller is the term for the "rubber" wheel which forms part of the drive mechanism in many forms of tape recorder and player. The magnetic tape is squeezed between the "capstan" (a precision shaft driven at constant speed) and the pinch wheel and so is drawn past whatever combination of record, replay and erase heads the "tape deck" employs.
The pliability, surface, and other physical characteristics of the "rubber" material from which the pinch wheel is made is critical to the steady progress of the tape, and usually degrades with time, and may result in speed fluctuations, causing "wow and flutter", various noises and even damage to the tape. Pressure of pinch wheel against the capstan is usually removed when not in operation, to reduce incidence of "flat spots" on the rubber surface. Replacement of pinch wheels is a common maintenance problem.
A similar situation applies to some record players, where a pinch wheel is the intermediary between the spindle of the drive motor and the rim of the turntable, with the same maintenance issues.


Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)

Peter Barnes (born April 16, 1940 in New York City) is an American entrepreneur, environmentalist, and journalist.
Early life and education.
Barnes grew up in New York City. He earned a B.A. in history from Harvard University and an M.A. in government from Georgetown.
Career.
Journalist.
Barnes began his career in journalism working as a reporter for "The Lowell Sun" in Lowell, Massachusetts. He later became a Washington, D.C. correspondent for" Newsweek" and was subsequently employed as a west coast correspondent for "The New Republic".
Entrepreneur.
In 1976, Barnes co-founded a worker-owned solar energy company in San Francisco, California. In 1983, he co-founded Working Assets Money Fund.
He served as president of Working Assets Long Distance in the 1980s. In 1995, Barnes was named Socially Responsible Entrepreneur of the Year for Northern California.
Board membership.
Barnes served on numerous boards of directors, including:
Environmentalism.
Barnes is an ardent environmentalist and an outspoken advocate of the need to reduce carbon emissions. He originated the terms "Capitalism 3.0" and "Sky Trust". These terms describe his proposal for a "cap and dividend" program modeled on the Alaska Permanent Fund, which Barnes maintains will reduce greenhouse emissions and create a citizens dividend for all Americans.
Barnes contends that his proposals are more workable and sustainable than that of the cap-and-trade policies of the Kyoto Protocol.
Sky Trust proposal.
Barnes' Sky Trust proposal is based on the idea that each and every American owns the sky as if it were a common asset. Barnes has stated the goal of Sky Trust would be to "promote climate stability by: limiting the amount of carbon that can be put into the atmosphere; allowing the free market to set a price on the right to emit carbon; collecting revenue from those who buy those rights; and returning earned revenue to the owners of the sky."
The Sky Trust was originally proposed as a report from the Washington, D.C.-based Common Assets Project of which Barnes is the founder. The idea behind the proposal was originally inspired by the Alaska Permanent Fund; a fund that pays Alaskan dividends for what if effectively natural resource rent.
The "trust" Barnes hopes to create is more than an idea, but an actual legal entity. The trust's mission is multi-pronged:
Every American citizen including children would be the beneficiaries of such a program, receiving a lump sum. This would aim to help to ease problems such as poverty and wealth inequality by giving children, including those born into poverty, some basic inheritance property rights.
Some criticisms of the Sky Trust include: the charge that the revenue earned by the Sky Trust could be better allocated by subsidizing clean energy prices, as well that the Sky Trust would need to be a global initiative to have an environmental as well as social impact on the planet. If the Sky Trust weren't global, corporations could theoretically move to another country that wouldn't tax "the use of the sky as a dump".
Cap and Dividend.
"Sky Trust" was rebranded as "Cap and Dividend" in advance of the 2008 elections in order to raise its profile. Barnes conducted numerous interviews explaining and popularizing the idea.


American Artist (artist)

American Artist (b. in Altadena, CA, 1989) is a contemporary artist working in new media, video, installation and writing. They legally changed their name to American Artist in 2013, in order to re-contextualize the definition of the term "American artist"—at once taking on the name of an anonymous term while becoming the embodiment of its meaning. Their work, in Artist's words, focuses on themes surrounding "blackness, being, and resistance in the context of networked virtual life."
Career.
In 2020, Artist had a solo exhibition at the Queens Museum entitled “My Blue Window,” which included a multi-media installation and app download that enabled viewers to download information on surveillance and predictive policing.
Artist's 2019 solo exhibition "I’m Blue (If I Was █████ I Would Die)" at Koenig & Clinton, New York, transformed the gallery space into a seminar room for six police cadets as a way to simultaneously explore the Blue Lives Matter movement and how this is at odds with black and brown lives.
Their work has a history of addressing police brutality and activism, such as their 2016 piece "Sandy Speaks," in which Artist created a chatbot that imagined Sandra Bland had a means to speak from behind bars, thereby fulfilling her wish posthumously to educate black youth on ways to interact with law enforcement.
Artist's work has been exhibited at the Queens Museum, New York; the Studio Museum in Harlem, New York; the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Koenig & Clinton, New York; HOUSING, New York; and The 8th Floor, New York. They have participated in group exhibitions including Marking Time: Art in the Age of Mass Incarceration,
MoMA PS1, Queens, NY (2020); Parallels and Peripheries, Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, MI (2019); ICONICITY, Paul W. Zuccaire Gallery, Stony Brook University, NY (2019); A Wild Ass Beyond: ApocalypseRN, Performance Space New York, NY (2018) (a project in collaboration with artists Sondra Perry, Caitlin Cherry and Nora Khan); Geographies of Imagination, SAVVY Contemporary, Berlin, Germany (2018); I Was Raised on the Internet, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, IL (2018); Screenscapes, Postmasters, New York, NY (2018); Lack of Location is My Location, Koenig & Clinton, Brooklyn, NY (2017); and Off Pink, The Kitchen, New York, NY (2015).
Artist was named one of the "30 Young Artists to Watch in 2019" by Cultured Mag


Steve Parr (broadcaster)

Steve Parr (born 1955) is a New Zealand-based TV and radio personality.
Parr was a presenter on the children's TV show What Now during the years 1983 to 1984. From 1989 to 1995, Parr then hosted the New Zealand edition of Sale of the Century alongside Jude Dobson and later Julie White.
After retiring from broadcasting, Parr ventured in real estate, and later a business specialising in elevated photography.


Hambi stays


Neighbourly

Neighbourly is a neighbourhood website operating in New Zealand.
The website was founded by Casey Eden. It was trialled in two Auckland suburbs, St Heliers and Kohimarama, in December 2013, then launched nationally in June 2015.
In December 2014, Fairfax Media New Zealand bought a 22.5 percent stake in the website. In 2017 it acquired the remaining shares. Following changes to Fairfax Media in 2018, the website is now owned by Stuff Ltd.
In 2015, the website was a finalist in the NZI Sustainable Business Network Awards in the Community Impact category.


Mini-Cassette

The Mini-Cassette, often written minicassette, is a magnetic tape audio cassette format introduced by Philips in 1967. It is used primarily in dictation machines and was also employed as a data storage for the Philips P2000 home computer. Unlike the Compact Cassette, also designed by Philips, and the later Microcassette, introduced by Olympus, the Mini-Cassette does not use a capstan drive system; instead, the tape is propelled past the tape head by the reels. This is mechanically simple and allows the cassette to be made smaller and easier to use, but produces a system unsuited to any task other than voice recording, as the tape speed is not constant (averaging 2.4 cm/s) and prone to wow and flutter. However, the lack of a capstan and a pinch roller drive means that the tape is well-suited to being repeatedly shuttled forward and backward short distances as compared to microcassettes, leading to the Mini-Cassette's use in the first generations of telephone answering machines, and continuing use in the niche markets of dictation and transcription, where fidelity is not critical, but robustness of storage is, and where analog media remained in use long after digital media had been introduced.
The Mini-Cassette could be played in a compact cassette player with the use of an adapter.
In 1980 Philips release several recorder models (MDCR220, LDB4401, LDB4051, etc.) that encoded and read digital audio on standard mini-cassettes. A computer model (the Philips P2000) also used the mini-cassette as a digital medium and provided automatic management of the drive, including search, space and directory management, fast-forward and rewind.
A very similar (but incompatible) cassette format was produced by Hewlett-Packard and Verbatim (the HP82176A Mini Data Cassette) for data storage in their HP82161A tape drive, which, like other minicassettes, did not use a capstan.


Nedrick Young

Nedrick Young (March 23, 1914 – September 16, 1968), also known by the pseudonym Nathan E. Douglas, was an American actor and screenwriter often blacklisted during the 1950s and 1960s for refusing to confirm or deny membership of the Communist Party before the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA). He is credited with writing the screenplay for "Jailhouse Rock" in 1957, which starred Elvis Presley.
Young was born in Philadelphia. In addition to screenwriting, he also took acting roles in various feature-length films during the period 1943–1966.
Recognition.
"The Defiant Ones" was nominated for, and received, an Oscar for the "best screenplay written directly for the screen" in 1958. For the same film, Young and co-writer Harold Jacob Smith won a 1959 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay, from the Mystery Writers of America. "Inherit the Wind" was also nominated for, but did not win, an Academy Award in 1960. The same year he and others brought a law suit against the Motion Picture Association (MPAA) for thirteen years of blacklisting. The suit was not successful.
Filmography.
Actor
Screenplay
Personal life and death.
He was married to actress Elizabeth MacRae.
Young died from a heart attack at the age of 54.


Alvah Bessie

Alvah Cecil Bessie (June 4, 1904 – July 21, 1985) was an American novelist, journalist and screenwriter who was blacklisted by the movie studios for being one of the Hollywood Ten who refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Early life.
Alvah Bessie was born to a Jewish family, the younger of two sons of Daniel Nathan Cohen Bessie and Adeline Schlesinger Bessie. Bessie's father was an inventor and successful businessman and the family lived a comfortable life in a prosperous section of Harlem in New York City. He graduated from Dewitt Clinton High School where he had the reputation of being a rebellious student. He subsequently enrolled in Columbia University in 1920, graduating in 1924 with a B.A. in English. In 1922, the Bessie family finances had taken a serious down turn after which the elder Bessie died. This reversal of family circumstances freed Bessie to pursue his own interests and ambition without the intervention of his authoritarian father. Through a friend Bessie was introduced to the Provincetown Players whose guiding member was playwright Eugene O’Neill. Bessie became an actor in the group, which led to a four-year period of theatre work for him in Provincetown as well as in the New York theatre world as performer and actor/manager. Recognizing his talents as an actor were limited, Bessie moved to France in 1928, joining the colony of American expatriates who had relocated there. Bessie now focused his energies on becoming a writer.
Career.
Bessie was initially known for his translations of avant-garde French literature, including "Songs of Bilitis" by Pierre Louÿs and "The Torture Garden"
by Octave Mirbeau.
During the 1930s, Bessie became alarmed at the rise of fascism, and began working for the anti-fascist cause. Through 1938 Bessie fought as a volunteer in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. Upon his return, he wrote a book about his experiences, "Men in Battle". About the book, Ernest Hemingway commented:
A true, honest, fine book. Bessie writes truly and finely of all that he could see ... and he saw enough.
Bessie then joined the American Communist Party and worked as the film reviewer for the left-wing
magazine "The New Masses". Bessie wrote screenplays for Warner Bros., and other studios during the mid and late 1940s. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Story for the patriotic Warner's film "Objective Burma" (1945).
Blacklisting.
His career came to a halt in 1947, when he was summoned before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). He refused to deny or confirm involvement in the Communist Party, and in 1950, he became one of the Hollywood Ten being found guilty of Contempt of Congress, for which he was imprisoned for ten months, and blacklisted. After his release from prison, he worked at the hungry i nightclub in San Francisco, running the lights and sound board and frequently introducing performers. Bessie left the Communist Party in the 1950s.
In 1957, Bessie wrote a novel fictionalising his experiences with the HUAC, "The Un-Americans".
He followed this with a non-fiction account of his confrontation with the same organisation, "Inquisition in Eden", in which he boasted of inserting pro-Soviet propaganda that was "subversive as all hell" into the film "Action in the North Atlantic". Bessie's greatest commercial and critical success came with the satirical novel "The Symbol", about the exploitation by the film industry of an unhappy actress who resembles Marilyn Monroe. He wrote another non-fiction book in 1975, "Spain Again", which chronicled his experiences as a co-writer and actor in a Spanish movie of the same name ("Spain Again", 1969).
His screenwriting career was ruined by the blacklisting, and he never returned to Hollywood. Late in his life, however, he was involved in bringing his novel "Bread and a Stone" to the screen in the feature film "Hard Traveling" (1986) starring J.E. Freeman and Ellen Geer. The screenplay for the film was written by one of Alvah's two sons, Dan Bessie, who has also spent his career working in the film industry. Dan Bessie has published some of his father's previously unpublished or uncollected works, notably his "Spanish Civil War Notebooks" (2001).
In his family biography "Rare Birds: An American Family" (University Press of Kentucky, 2001), Dan Bessie notes that Alvah was related to some highly successful entrepreneurs: he was father-in-law of well-known 1960s poster artist Wes Wilson, husband of Alvah's daughter Eva, and a brother-in-law (through his first wife, Mary) of famous advertising executive Leo Burnett.
Bessie died in Terra Linda, California, aged 81, of a heart attack.


The Airzone Solution

The Airzone Solution is a 1993 British sci-fi-thriller film, produced by BBV. It was written by Nicholas Briggs and directed by Bill Baggs. It stars Colin Baker, Nicola Bryant, Peter Davison, Sylvester McCoy, Jon Pertwee and Heather Tracy.
Overview.
The film was a departure from BBV's previous productions of "The Stranger", a series of independently made "Doctor Who"-style productions, complete with cast members from "Doctor Who" playing similar characters. For "The Airzone Solution", BBV gathered four of the five surviving actors who had played the Doctor — Colin Baker, Jon Pertwee, Peter Davison and Sylvester McCoy (Tom Baker, as in multi-Doctor specials, refused) — as the leads in a modern-day environmental thriller about pollution. Also appearing in a supporting role is Alan Cumming, along with "Doctor Who" alumni Nicola Bryant and Michael Wisher.
The film was shot on videotape on a very low budget, as was the case with the previous "Stranger" videos. It has been suggested by some fans that this video was designed to appeal to those who had been disappointed that the mooted Dark Dimension direct-to-VHS special had been cancelled earlier that year.
The writer of the film, Nicholas Briggs, who also plays a small role, went on to work on the revived "Doctor Who" series in 2005, providing voice-overs for both the Daleks and Cybermen.
Plot.
In a future Britain, circa 2091, pollution has reached a point where the populace must often wear filtration masks when they venture outside. AirZone, a powerful corporation, signs a lucrative deal with the government to deal with the problem. The public is told that AirZone plans to build giant filtration plants to clean the atmosphere, but environmentalists are sceptical, especially when people begin dying and disappearing around AirZone facilities.
Investigative filmmaker Al Dunbar (Davison) has been working with Anthony Stanwick (McCoy), the head of one radical environmental group, on a Michael Moore-style exposé documentary on AirZone. But when Dunbar's mentor, the mysterious Oliver Threthewey (Pertwee), says the documentary is useless without more direct proof of AirZone's intentions, Dunbar and Stanwick hatch a plan to infiltrate AirZone's headquarters and hack into their computer mainframe. Stanwick has been aided in this by Rachel (Heather Tracy), an AirZone employee who is acting as his "mole" within the organisation.
Meanwhile, Arnie Davies (Baker), a popular local television meteorologist, is getting ready to go on the air, although he still has time to flirt with the make-up lady and with his girlfriend, journalist Ellie Brown (played by Nicola Bryant, who had co-starred with Baker in both "Doctor Who" and "The Stranger" series).
Dunbar successfully infiltrates AirZone's offices, but sets off an alarm soon after hacking into the computer. Fleeing from the guards, Dunbar finds himself in a lab where Rachel — now a prisoner of AirZone — is being injected with a green fluid. He helps her to escape, but is killed in the process.
At the moment Dunbar dies, both Arnie and Stanwick experience a vision of his death; for Arnie, this occurs in the middle of a broadcast and he faints on the air. Later, after a recuperating evening with Ellie, Arnie feels better and gets ready to go to work — only to be shocked at seeing an apparition of Dunbar standing in his hallway. Dunbar urges Arnie to investigate AirZone.
Arnie continues to experience visions of Dunbar at work, and is unnerved when he learns that Dunbar had died the night before. After further disturbing displays both during his weather broadcast and again at home, Ellie suggests they investigate Dunbar's home. Ellie is not sure what to make of it when Arnie, relaying instructions from Dunbar, is able to guide her to a hiding place where Dunbar kept his spare key. Inside, Ellie and Arnie view Dunbar's incomplete documentary but must leave when a detective, carrying a warrant to seize any AirZone property, arrives.
Soon, Arnie finds himself meeting Stanwick and is reassured that his visions of Dunbar are not the result of insanity, as Stanwick also sees the apparition (as does, apparently, Threthewey). Together, Stanwick and Arnie locate Rachel, who is experiencing extreme physical distress as the result of whatever chemical or drug was being pumped into her body at AirZone. Before they can get her to hospital, she is abducted by a group of masked men. For Arnie, this sparks an obsession with finding the truth about AirZone, and during his next weather report he digresses to reveal to viewers that AirZone's pollution-filtering plants are in fact increasing the pollution in the atmosphere.
Meanwhile, Ellie is given the biggest assignments of her career: first interviewing the Environment Secretary (played by Michael Wisher) and then covering the public unveiling of AirZone's pollution reduction plan by the head of the company, Robin Archer (Bernadette Gepheart). But she is frustrated when Arnie interrupts the former in order to give Stanwick face-time with the minister, an act that riles MacNamara (Cummings), a mysterious figure who works on behalf of Archer.
At the press conference, attended by industry representatives from across Britain, Archer unveils AirZone's optimistic plan to reduce pollution, but her sermon is cut short by Arnie (who has been sneaked in by the now-convinced Ellie) brandishing a gun, who demands Archer reveal the truth about why people living near the plants have been dying and disappearing. She refuses, but Stanwick arrives with Rachel in hand (having recovered her with the unexpected help of MacNamara). Rachel and many other Britons have been subject to genetic experiments, forcing them to grow gill-like appendages to their necks. The AirZone Solution is not to reduce pollution, but to instead increase it and instead create a new race of humans able to breathe the polluted air. With AirZone's scheme revealed to the public, it collapses. MacNamara actually works for MI5 and apparently had been working against Archer from inside AirZone (and appears to have been behind Rachel's earlier abduction), and leaves saying the AirZone was a good idea but a bad image. Out of nowhere, Threthewey appears and says that Al Dunbar would have been proud of the work done by Arnie, Ellie, and Stanwick. The origin of the Dunbar apparition and why it appeared to Arnie and Stanwick is left unexplained.
Rating.
The film was given a PG rating by the BBFC in the UK, and is notable for its use of adult language, as well as the first filmed love scene — albeit brief — between an actor who had played the Doctor and an actress who had played one of the Doctor's companions.
Release.
The film was released direct-to-video by BBV.
Reception.
Dylan Rees wrote in the book "Downtime - The Lost Years of Doctor Who" that the film was a "solid drama in its own right", despite the film not having any connections to "Doctor Who".


Radio Marlborough

Radio Marlborough was a New Zealand radio station based in Blenheim.
The station was started by Radio New Zealand (which at the time was known as the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation) in 1965 as 2ZE broadcasting on 1540AM. The station moved to 1539AM in 1978 when the AM band in New Zealand was adjusted from 10 kHz spacing to 9 kHz spacing at this time the station became Radio Marlborough.
In 1981 a relay to Picton was established also on 1539AM with the call sign 2ZF and in 1993 the Picton frequency was adjusted to 1584AM. In 1991 Radio Marlborough began broadcasting on 96.9FM.
In July 1996 the New Zealand Government sold off the commercial arm of Radio New Zealand, the sale included Radio Marlborough. The new owner was The Radio Network, a subsidiary of APN News & Media and Clear Channel Communications, which operated as a division of the Australian Radio Network.
In 1998 The Radio Network grouped all their local stations in smaller markets together to form the Community Radio Network. Radio Marlborough continued to run a local breakfast show between 6am and 10am but outside breakfast all stations part of the Community Radio Network took network programming from a central studio based in Taupo.
In 2001 the Community Radio Network was discontinued and all stations become part of the Classic Hits FM network, as a result Radio Marlborough was rebranded as "Classic Hits Radio Marlborough". The station continued to run a local breakfast but now outside breakfast all programming originated from the Classic Hits studios in Auckland.
In 2001 the 1539AM frequency in Blenheim was used to broadcast Radio Sport into the Marlborough region but continued to broadcast on 1584AM in Picton, until 2010 when it was changed back to 1539AM in Picton, and Radio Sport moved to 98.5FM in Blenheim. On 1 March 2012 Classic Hits ceased broadcasting on 1539AM frequency in Picton.
On April 28, 2014 all stations part of the Classic Hits network were rebranded as The Hits. A networked breakfast presented by Pauline Gillespie and Grant Kareama was introduced to almost all The Hits stations with the former breakfast announcer moved to present a 6-hour show between 9am and 3pm. With Polly and Grant leaving The Hits in 2017 all South Island stations reverted to local breakfast programming. Scott Radovanovich presented the breakfast show to both The Hits Nelson and The Hits Marlborough until 2018. Today, the station receives a localised daytime show which is hosted by Breffni O’Rourke from the Nelson studio.


Not Poodle


Digital Automated Identification System

Digital automated identification system (DAISY) is an automated species identification system optimised for the rapid screening of invertebrates (e.g. insects) by non-experts (e.g. parataxonomists).
It was developed by Dr. Mark O'Neill during the mid-1990s. Development was supported by funding from the Darwin Initiative in 1997 and BBSRC. The intellectual property rights were acquired by O'Neill's company, Tumbling Dice Ltd, in February 2000 at the end of the grant funded Darwin Project. The system underwent further development resulting in an producing an exemplar which is web accessible and which can cope in near real time with groups (e.g. hawk moths) which contain several hundred taxa. On medium to high end PC server hardware (e.g. a blade server) an identification is possible in under a second for a 300 taxon group. Parallelisation of the critical DAISY classifier codes (using either bespoke FPGA technology or general purpose GPU programming technology such as CUDA) will give an order of magnitude increase in performance. This means that DAISY can be deployed to make real time identifications within groups containing thousands of taxa (e.g. true flies).
DAISY has been used in several research projects by O'Neill and others, and featured in popular science TV and magazine articles. The project has also been the subject of a recent article in "Science".
In 2011, the first DAISY installation capable of scaling to hundreds of taxa was installed at Natural History Museum in London. This server offered both VNC and web service based interfaces and was able to offload compute intensive pattern matching operations onto an NVIDIA GPU programmed using CUDA. This installation was capable of providing identification to species given a 300+ taxon dataset in less than a second in a multiple user environment.
More recently, under the aegis of Innovate UK funding, DAISY has been extensively modified to meet the needs of upstream activities within the oil and gas sector, in particular biostratigraphy. The resultant system, GeoDAISY represents a significant technological advance. It is capable of deep learning, knowledge encapsulation, pattern based data mining and (image based) content search and can efficiently handle training sets consisting of millions of patterns on commodity hardware using a combination of smart data caching and OpenMP. Further details of GeoDAISY, and the rationale for developing it are available as white papers on the Tumbling Dice [[LinkedIn] page].
External links.
[[Category:Automatic identification and data capture]]


Greg Craven (teacher)

Greg Craven is an American high school science teacher and climate change author. The creator of a 2007 viral video on YouTube, he is the author of the 2009 book "What's the Worst That Could Happen?: A Rational Response to the Climate Change Debate".
Early life and education.
Craven grew up in Silverton, Oregon. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington, studying Asian studies and computer science.
Career.
After graduating from college, Craven worked as a software engineer, traveled in Asia, and took graduate science courses at the University of Washington in Seattle.
In 2007, when he was a science teacher at Central High School in Independence, Oregon, Craven posted the nine and one-half minute "The Most Terrifying Video You'll Ever See" on YouTube. The video presented a simplified version of risk management using a 2x2 grid to sketch out possible scenarios based on: a) whether we choose to take action or not, and b) whether global warming turns out to be a threat or not. Using the grid, Craven concluded that taking action to combat climate change was the better choice, given the relative risks.
In the first six months online it garnered four million hits, and prompted Craven to spend six weeks creating 44 follow up videos totaling over seven hours detailing specifics of risk management applied to climate change. Craven's conclusion was that "the risk of not acting far outweighs the risk of acting." Craven was the focus of some media attention, was named "Featured Teacher" by "WIRED Science", and received criticism by climate change denialists. In 2009, Craven published the book "What's the Worst That Could Happen?: A Rational Response to the Climate Change Debate".
At the annual Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in 2010, Craven delivered a speech (and subsequent comments during a panel discussion) exhorting the climate science community to become personally involved in the public debate over climate change. Craven's comments caused some negative attention in denialist climate blogs, which argued that Craven was "the face of the 'New AGU.'" This prompted Craven to publish a clarification taking personal responsibility and emphasizing that his remarks were in no way associated with the AGU organization or its official view.


Claude Closky

Claude Closky (born May 22, 1963) is a French contemporary artist who lives and works in Paris, France.
Reception.
Closky won the "Grand prix des Arts plastiques" (1999) and the Marcel Duchamp Prize (2005) awarded by the ADIAF.
Dike Blair wrote in "Artforum" Magazine that "The lightness of Closky's art belies the depth of its absurdist heredity. Working in a post-modernist mode, Closky's art works combine aspects of the Situationists, Fluxus, Beckett, Tall, Daniel Buren, and Andy Warhol."
Life and career.
Claude Closky has no formal training as a visual artist. He entered the ENSAD (Ecole National Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs) in 1982 but quit at the end of the first year to co-found "The Ripoulin Brothers", a street artist collective, with Bla+Bla+Bla, Nina Childress, Jean Faucheur, Pierre Huyghe, Manhu, Ox, Trois carrés. In 1988 he left the group to develop his independent work, using voluntarily poor means such as drawing and printed matter.
He has participated in the Biennials of Lyon (1995), Sydney (1996), Taipei (2000), València (2001), Sharjah (2005), Venice (2017). In 2000, the Mudam (Luxembourg Art Museum) commissioned him to conceive and manage its website, for which he made a magazine and a gallery dedicated to the internet. The site was launched at the Luxembourg Pavilion in the 2001 Venice Biennale. It presented specific works by Heath Bunting, François Curlet, Pierre Leguillon, Aleksandra Mir, Peter Kogler, David Shrigley, among others. Since 2005 he has taught at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 2012 he curated "This & There", an exhibition to celebrate the tenth year of the "Pavilion, Palais de Tokyo Laboratory for Creation" (Paris) which presented the work of 74 artists in 74 different spaces.
Work.
The work of Claude Closky is mainly immaterial. Language is his model to articulate images, text, numbers, and sounds collected in our environment, or made in his studio. Although Closky is reluctant to produce objects and spectacular effects, his work still addresses issues about visibility and space appropriation.
Claude Closky's projects always find alternative ways to emancipate themselves from the formats imposed by the sites where they are exhibited. He seeks to point out the contradictions of our contemporary society and its representations, but also to question the role of art as producer of a cultural consensus and set of values. His works confront and question our environment, the conditions and benefits of artistic production, its relation to an audience.


Daniel Mainwaring

Daniel Mainwaring (February 27, 1902 – January 31, 1977) was an American novelist and screenwriter.
Biography.
A native of Oakland, California, he began his professional career as a journalist for the "San Francisco Chronicle" and enjoyed a successful career as a mystery novelist (under the name Geoffrey Homes). He worked as a film publicist and eventually abandoned fiction for a successful career as a screenwriter.
His first novel (and the only one he ever published under his own name), "One Against the Earth", was a proletarian novel about a young man born on a California ranch who becomes a drifter and is eventually unjustly accused of attacking a child, was published in 1932. He made his real mark, however, with a string of hard-boiled mystery novels (mostly with small-town California settings), the first of which was "The Man Who Murdered Himself" (1936).
His final published novel, "Build My Gallows High" (William Morrow & Co., 1946), is generally regarded as his best—and its adaptation (by "Homes" himself) into the 1947 film noir classic "Out of the Past" assured his place in film history. Mainwaring explained to interviewer Pat McGilligan that he regarded the novel as a departure from his earlier literary efforts:With "Build My Gallows High", I wanted to get away from straight mystery novels. Those detective stories are a bore to write. You've got to figure out "whodunit". I'd get to the end and have to say whodunit and be so mixed up I couldn't decide myself.
By the time "Out of the Past" appeared Mainwaring had already begun to devote himself exclusively to screenwriting, first under the Homes pseudonym and later under his real name. Other notable credits during this period included "The Big Steal" (1949, directed by Don Siegel) and "This Woman is Dangerous" (1952, with Joan Crawford). His first important film work bearing his real name were the 1954 shot-on-location crime thriller "The Phenix City Story" (1954) and the original version of "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" (1956).
As director Joseph Losey, whose "The Lawless" was adapted by Mainwaring from the writer's own short story (publication undetermined), "The Voice of Stephen Wilder", noted:This is one of the things that makes me very close to Dan Mainwaring—his experience of Americana, the nostalgia of the good things about small towns. I remember the smell of burning leaves at night in the autumn too. And I remember the smell of Christmas, the sparkle in the air at football games, and the sound of distant trains. And Dan remembers them all. He's a much underrated writer and he's a really quite noble man. He damaged himself with drink and he was very badly hurt by the blacklist.
According to Frank Krutnik's book ""Un-American“ Hollywood", Loseys memory seems to serve him wrong here. Mainwaring's widow claims her husband actually acted as a front for blacklisted author Paul Jarrico. Also, his name appears on several movie credits in the 1950s which would have been impossible for a blacklisted author. The first film to break the blacklisting rule by naming a "banned" screenwriter (Dalton Trumbo) in the credits was Otto Preminger's 1960 film, "Exodus". Mainwaring's work on Ida Lupino's film noir "The Hitch-Hiker" was not credited.
In 1960, Mainwaring was hired by fantasy-film producer-director George Pal to write the screenplay for the MGM Studios film "Atlantis, the Lost Continent", released in 1961. He based his script on a play written by Gerald Hargreaves in 1945. Toward the end of his career, in the 1960s, he wrote for TV shows like "The Wild Wild West" and "Mannix". He did not live long enough to see "Out of the Past" remade as "Against All Odds" (1984).


Curtis Ebbesmeyer

Curtis Charles Ebbesmeyer (born April 24, 1943) is an American oceanographer who, in retirement, has studied the movement of flotsam. He came to public attention through his interest in The First Years' "Friendly Floatees" rubber ducks, a consignment of bath toys washed into the Pacific Ocean in 1992.
Life and career.
Ebbesmeyer was born April 24, 1943 in Los Angeles, California. Educated at the University of Washington––where he earned a Ph.D. in oceanography in 1973––Ebbesmeyer monitored ocean currents by tracking buoys and markers dropped at sea. Stories vary as to the origin of Ebbesmeyer's use of flotsam as markers. In May 1990 80,000 Nike sneakers were released from a container washed off the ship "Hansa Carrier". When Ebbesmeyer's mother heard about those shoes floating in the currents she said: "Well isn't that what you do?" He says that from this he saw the opportunity to monitor ocean currents from the distribution of the shoes washing up on the coasts of Oregon and Washington. However, in a 1999 article, Ebbesmeyer credits the discovery by Richard Strickland, a colleague at the University of Washington School of Oceanography, of a Chinese message in a bottle, which Strickland opened in 1991 having found it in June the previous year. Ebbesmeyer and his team calculated that the bottle had been released on the other side of the Pacific in 1980.
He established links with beachcombers and formed a network of people reporting the landfall of the contents of this and other spills. Using OSCURS (Ocean Surface Currents Simulation), a computer simulator developed by Seattle oceanographer Jim Ingraham, Ebbesmeyer tracked the oceanic movement of all kinds of flotsam including 34,000 ice hockey gloves washed off the "Hyundai Seattle" in 1994. Prior to this, he had specialised in forecasting the movement of oil spills and sewage.
Ebbesmeyer founded the nonprofit "Beachcombers' and Oceanographers' International Association" in 1996 for which he writes and publishes the magazine "Beachcombers' Alert".
In retirement, Ebbesmeyer has continued to work with Evans-Hamilton, Inc., a Seattle-based oceanography company offering in physical oceanography services, meteorological conditions studies, and application of marine and freshwater instrumentation.
Ebbesmeyer has worked with marine scientist Charles Moore, who, in 1999, published findings that the ratio of plastic to zooplankton (in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre) is about six to one, with consequent harm to ocean life from the very start of the food chain.


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