South Boston CSO Storage Tunnel

The South Boston CSO Storage Tunnel, also known as the North Dorchester Bay CSO Storage Tunnel, is a large underground facility designed to reduce untreated sewage discharges into Boston Harbor from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority combined sewer and stormwater system. It was opened on July 23, 2011, and is part of the federally mandated Boston Harbor Cleanup project. CSO stands for Combined Sewer Overflow.
The main part of the facility is a tunnel in diameter, running along the harbor front. The tunnel starts at an Odor Control Building continues along the harbor front, with a midpoint near and ends with a pump station at
Combined sewers are problematic because during heavy storms, they are forced by a high volume of rainwater from storm drains to carry untreated sanitary sewer output into Boston harbor, including dangerous amounts of human waste. In addition to the tunnel project, the MWRA is undertaking costly sewer separation in parts of South Boston near the Reserved Channel, and reconfiguring various drains and outflows. The tunnel provides a buffer to allow some combined sewers to remain in service. It has sufficient buffer capacity to hold combined sewage and rain water during most storms, helping to eliminate the Combined Sewer Outflow events that polluted nearby beaches on average 20 times per year. After the storm is over, the tunnel is "dewatered" back into the network at a rate the Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant can handle.


Type 2 AT mine

The Type 2, T40 mine is a Dutch anti-tank blast mine, specially designed for use on soft ground or wetlands. The mine has a steel case made from two dished plates joined by a watertight seal. The mine is in service with the Royal Netherlands Army.


Rod end bearing

A rod end bearing, also known as a heim joint (N. America) or rose joint (U.K. and elsewhere), is a mechanical articulating joint. Such joints are used on the ends of control rods, steering links, tie rods, or anywhere a precision articulating joint is required, and where a clevis end (which requires perfect 90 degree alignment between the attached shaft and the second component) is unsuitable. A ball swivel with an opening through which a bolt or other attaching hardware may pass is pressed into a circular casing with a threaded shaft attached. The threaded portion may be either male or female. The heim joint's advantage is that the ball insert permits the rod or bolt passing through it to be misaligned to a limited degree (an angle other than 90 degrees). A link terminated in two heim joints permits misalignment of their attached shafts (viz., other than 180 degrees).
History.
The spherical rod end bearing was developed by Nazi Germany during World War II. When one of the first German planes to be shot down by the British in early 1940 was examined, they found this joint in use in the aircraft's control systems. Following this discovery, the Allied governments gave the "H.G. Heim Company" an exclusive patent to manufacture these joints in North America, while in the UK the patent passed to "Rose Bearings Ltd". The ubiquity of these manufacturers in their respective markets led to the terms "heim joint" and "rose joint" becoming synonymous with their product. After the patents ran out the common names stuck, although "rosejoint" remains a registered trademark of Minebea Mitsumi Inc., successor to Rose Bearings Ltd. Originally used in aircraft, the rod end bearing may be found in cars, trucks, race cars, motorcycles, lawn tractors, boats, industrial machines, go-karts, radio-control helicopters, formula cars, and many more applications.
Female Heim Joint.
Using female heim joints will allow users to make precise changes on key components of fixtures. One example of needing fine adjustment is within the helicopter’s adjustment of the blades. When using the adjustment, it is key to make sure it is in the correct spot or excessive wear will occur. This change allows quick adjustments that are easy with a female heim joint. When dealing with the pitch of a helicopter blades, heim joints are able to be adjusted to 0.010in. If spacing is critical, female heim joints are able to be threaded on, instead of welding inserts to the shaft. When dealing with aluminium shafts, the easiest way to use heim joints is to use the female heim joint. One example is using robots in robotics competitions. Light weight is a key factors when building competitive robots, so using aluminum rods and female heim joints can be key. Another example using female heim joints is the shifter of motorcycles. The shifting mechanism allows forces to be applied linear, but still be able to work at angles when in different gears. Both male and female heim joints require the use of a lock nut after getting adjustment to correct specification needed.


Alastair McAllister

Alastair McAllister (born Mildura, 3 August 1942) is an Australian harpsichord builder known for his historical integrity, design and workmanship, and for producing modern copies of instruments that closely match their prototypes in sound and touch. At the age of 15, he became inspired by the Baroque after hearing the music of Domenico Scarlatti. Working closely with his colleague, Mars McMillan, he founded Harpsichord Makers of Melbourne in 1967, in the inner-Melbourne suburb of Clifton Hill, and by the early 1970s he had become a full-time harpsichord builder. McAllister and his colleagues have created instruments patterned after the work of Henri Hemsch, Burkhardt Schudi, Johannes Daniel Dulcken, the Ruckers family, Christian Zell and Johann Heinrich , among others, and he has trained or influenced Australian builders such as Marc Nobel, Andrew Bernard, Alan Todd, Jean-Louis Cocquillat, and Richard Schaumloeffel.
McAllister has worked closely with the firm of Zuckermann Harpsichords International (Stonington, Connecticut, US), and with Hubbard Harpsichords, including a month-long residency in 1989 at the firm's headquarters in Waltham, Massachusetts. Since September 1986, he has carried out his craft from a studio within the Community Work Society Co-operative Ltd, alongside a group of heritage artisans in the Melbourne suburb of Preston. McAllister has worked closely with leading Australian and New Zealand harpsichordists as well as performers from Europe and the North America. These include Gustav Leonhardt, Ton Koopman, Bob van Asperen, Anthony Jennings, Peter Watchorn, Christopher Hogwood, Roger Heagney, Christiane Jaccotet, Colin Tilney, Davitt Moroney, and Bart van Oort. Since 1990, McAllister has served as the keyboard consultant to the Australian Brandenburg Orchestra, and has built a two-manual French instrument for its artistic director, Paul Dyer. McAllister harpsichords are owned by such ensembles as The Sydney Consort, and harpsichordists Peter Watchorn, Paul Dyer, Elizabeth Anderson, and Roger Heagney.
McAllister has been at the forefront of harpsichord research and, with Andrew Bernard, proposed a unified theory of harpsichord scaling and geometry that accounts for the diverse pitches for which harpsichords were designed, linking this information to surviving string gauges and tuning forks. He was the first to demonstrate that stringing the early 20th century Pleyel harpsichord with classical wire and installing quill or delrin plectra yields a significant improvement in quality. In collaboration with Peter Watchorn, McAllister researched the surviving instruments by Hans Moermans "The Younger" of Antwerp, resulting in the creation of the first modern copies of his surviving 1642 double; one of these copies by McAllister is now owned by the Melbourne Recital Centre in the Southbank precinct.
In 2012, McAllister published three books; with "Talking Harpsichords" sharing his ruminations on a harpsichord-making career.


Hooke joint


Badi-ud-din Mahmud

Deshamanya Badi-ud-din Mahmud (23 June 1904 – 16 June 1997) was a Sri Lankan politician. He served ten years as Minister of Education and two years as the Minister of Health and Housing.
Early life.
Badi-ud-din Mahmud was born in Matara, a town in the south of Sri Lanka. He was born into one of the most distinguished Sri Lankan Moor families of that time as the youngest of twelve siblings. His father was S.L.M. Mahmud Naina Marikkar Mathicham, better known as Matara Mahatmaya, who was an affluent planter and landed proprietor; Badi-ud-din Mahmud's mother was Fathima Natchiya. Mahmud was educated in his childhood at St. Thomas' College, and Wesley College, Colombo. He completed his higher education at Zahira College, Colombo, with the completion of his Cambridge Senior Examination. At Zahira College, he took interest in literature, tennis, and athletics.
He was raised in a strictly religious atmosphere with traditional Islamic values. However, his family produced a liberal atmosphere.
Muslim League.
He first joined the All-Ceylon Muslim League{ in 1927 as a secretary. Originally a small movement, in three months it grew into the most powerful Muslim organization in Ceylon. The All-Ceylon Muslim League helped unite Muslim leaders such as Tuan Burhanudeen Jayah who were previously at odds with each other. Mahmud was also dedicated to social work.
He delivered the first talk on Radio Ceylon during the festival of Hajj, organizing the recital of Takbir to precede his speech. He also initiated the Hajj prayers at Galle Face Green in 1928, which have become an annual feature, and engaged in the promotion of a public mass meeting at Galle Face Green to celebrate the birthday of Muhammad.
Aligarh Muslim University.
Mahmud was further educated at Aligarh Muslim University from 1931 to 1937. He excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities.
His most prominent achievements include ranking second in the Inter-Arts Examination in the First Division, and obtaining a B.A. as the top performer in the examination. Some of his other accomplishments were the gold medal of the All-India Public Speaking Competition, the Aligarh – The Oxford Meston Prize in 1937 for outstanding debating ability, and being appointed editor of the university's magazine for two successive years. In 1935, he was unanimously elected president of the U.P. University Students Federation. He presided over the All-India Students Conventions at Lucknow and organized the All-India Students Movement.
Mohammad Habib, a professor and provost of Mahmud, described his pupil:
While he was enrolled at Aligarh, Mahmud persuaded Muslim leaders in the Second Round Table Conference at London to support the Indian independence movement; the people that he persuaded included Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Iqbal, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Muhammad Shafi, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Mahmud, Bacha Khan, Mirza Ismail, and Syed Sultan Ahmed.
Reforms.
On Mahmud's arrival in Sri Lanka from Aligarh, the Muslim League organized a highly attended reception to him. Well-known figures at the meeting included Mohamed Macan Markar, T. B. Jayah, and N.H.M. Abdul Cader.
In 1938, Badi-ud-din Mahmud gave a speech at the birthday celebrations of Muhammad at Galle Face Green. He urged the Muslims of Sri Lanka to learn the Sinhala language because it would be the only official language after Sri Lanka became independent. His prediction was correct. Mahmud furthered his reasoning:
The Muslim community received his proposal negatively.
In the same year, Badi-ud-din Mahmud organized one of the largest demonstrations of the time among Muslims, a mass rally at Galle Face Green in support of the Arabs in Palestine. He delivered a speech to urge the government of Britain to fulfill its promises to Arabs in Palestine.
He helped develop an independent school called Zahira College in Gampola as the first principal. Under his leadership, it grew from a small school consisting of four classrooms, a shed, 67 students, and five teachers to a school that serves the entirety of Sri Lanka with up-to-date facilities. In 1960, Zahira College enrolled over 2000 students. Mahmud developed a uniform of pajamas, frocks, and a dupatta (scarf) for girls at Zahira College; it is now widely accepted in Muslim schools in Sri Lanka but was at first rejected by most. In the classroom, he introduced traditional Islamic cultural activities, which also evoked opposition at first.


Pneumatic gripper

A pneumatic gripper is a specific type of pneumatic actuator that typically involves either parallel or angular motion of surfaces, A.K.A. “tooling jaws or fingers” that will grip an object. When combined with other pneumatic, electric, or hydraulic components, the gripper can be used as part of a "pick and place" system that will allow a component to be picked up and placed elsewhere during the manufacturing process.
Some grippers act directly on the object they are gripping based on the force of the air pressure supplied to the gripper, while others will use a mechanism such as a gear or toggle to leverage the amount of force applied to the object being gripped. Grippers can also vary in terms of the opening size, the amount of force that can be applied, and the shape of the gripping surfaces—frequently called "tooling jaws or fingers". They can be used to pick up everything from very small items (a transistor or chip for a circuit board, for example) to very large items, such as an engine block for a car. Grippers are frequently added to industrial robots in order to allow the robot to interact with other objects.
Common industrial pneumatic components include:


Nick Bottom

Nick Bottom is a character in Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" who provides comic relief throughout the play. A weaver by trade, he is famously known for getting his head transformed into that of a donkey by the elusive Puck. Bottom and Puck are the only two characters who converse with and progress the three central stories in the whole play. Puck is first introduced in the fairies' story and creates the drama of the lovers' story by messing up who loves whom, and places the donkey head on Bottom's in his story. Similarly, Bottom is performing in a play in his story intending it to be presented in the lovers' story, as well as interacting with Titania in the fairies' story.
Overview.
While they are in the woods rehearsing a play for the Duke, the fairy Puck, a mischievous sprite and minion of Oberon, king of the fairies, happens upon their rehearsal. He decides to have some fun with them, carrying out part of Oberon's orders in the process, and when Bottom exits the stage, he transforms his head into a donkey's. When Bottom returns, unaware of his own transformation, his fellow actors run away from him with Quince screaming, "We are haunted!" Bottom believes they are playing a prank on him, proclaiming, "This is to make an ass of me, to fright me if they could." So he stays in the forest by himself and sings loudly to show them he isn't afraid. The Fairy Queen Titania is awakened by Bottom's song. She has been enchanted by a love potion, which will cause her to fall in love with the first living thing that she sees when she wakes (no matter who, or what it is), made from the juice of a rare flower, once hit by Cupid's arrow, that her husband, Oberon, King of the Fairies, spread on her eyes in an act of jealous rage. During his enchantment over her, he utters "Wake when some vile thing is near." The first thing she sees when she wakes is the transformed Bottom, and she immediately falls in love with him. She even commands her fairy minions to serve and wait upon him. Titania kisses Bottom and when he sleeps, they put their arms around each other. Bottom is happy that he is being treated like royalty and Titania loves him so much she puts flowers in his hair. Oberon is amused that Titania has fallen in love with a ridiculous mortal. In some versions, he doesn't let her go of her enchantment as payback and she stays in love with Bottom. They get married and later she is freed and is disgusted by the fact that she was in love with a man with a donkey's head. However, she is forced to stay with him since he is also deeply in love and kisses her every day and sleeps with her. Later, Oberon finally releases Titania from her enchantment. After being confronted with the reality that her romantic interlude with the transformed Bottom was not just a dream, she is disgusted with the very image of him and also seems very suspicious of how "these things came to pass." After Oberon instructs Puck to return Bottom's head to his human state, which Puck reluctantly does, the fairies leave him sleeping in the woods, nearby the four Athenian lovers, Demetrius, Helena, Hermia, and Lysander. he first appears in a forest practicing with a group of friends.
He wakes up after the lovers leave. His first thought is that he has fallen asleep in the woods during rehearsal and has missed his cue. He quickly realizes he has had "a most rare vision". He is amazed by the events of this dream, and soon begins to wonder if it was in fact a dream at all. He quickly decides that he will "get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this dream", and that "it shall be called 'Bottom's Dream,' because it hath no Bottom". Upon being reunited with his friends, he is not even able to utter what has happened and says "For if I tell you, I am no true Athenian".
Theseus ends up choosing "Pyramus and Thisbe" as the performance for his amusement, now also the wedding day of the young Athenian lovers. The play is poorly written and poorly acted, though obviously performed with a great deal of passion. Bottom performs the famous Pyramus death scene in the play within the play, one of the most comedic moments in the play.
In performance, Bottom, like Horatio in "Hamlet" is the only major part that can't be doubled, i.e. that can't be played by an actor who also plays another character, since he is present in scenes involving nearly every character.
Analysis.
Bottom's discussion of his dream is considered by Ann Thompson to have emulated two passages from Chaucer's "The Book of the Duchess".
Critics have commented on the profound religious implications of Bottom's speech on his awakening without the ass's head in act 4 of A Midsummer Night's Dream:
"[. . .] The eye of
man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen,
man's hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive,
nor his heart to report, what my dream was. I
will get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this
dream: it shall be called 'Bottom's Dream', because
it hath no bottom; and I will sing it in the latter end
of a play, before the Duke. Peradventure, to make it the
more gracious, I shall sing it at her death." (4.1.209–216)
This speech seems to be a comically jumbled evocation of a passage from the New Testament's 1 Corinthians 2.9–10:
"The things which
eye hathe not sene, nether eare hath heard,
nether came into man's heart, are, which
God hathe prepared for them that love him.
But God hathe reveiled them unto us by
his Spirit: for the Spirit searcheth all
things, yea, the deepe things of God."
Steven Doloff also suggests that Bottom's humorous and foolish performance at the end of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" mimics a passage from the previous chapter of Corinthians:
"For seing the worlde by wisdome knewe
not God in the wisdome of God, it pleased
God by the foolishnes of preaching
to save them that believe:
Seing also that the Jewes require a signe,
and the Grecians seke after wisdome.
But we preache Christ crucified : unto
the Jewes, even a stombling blocke, & unto
the Grecians, foolishnes:
But unto them which are called, bothe
of the Jewes & Grecias we preache Christ,
the power of GOD, and the wisdome of
God.
For the foolishnes of God is wiser the
men [. . .]." (1 Corinthians 1.21–25)
This passage's description of the sceptical reception Christ was given by his Greek audience appears to be alluded to in Bottom's performance. Just as Christ's preaching is regarded as "foolishness", Bottom's audience perceives his acting (as well as the entirety of the play he is a part of) as completely without value, except for the humor they can find in the actors' hopelessly flawed rendering of their subject matter. Doloff writes that this allusion is especially likely because, in both texts, the sceptical audience of the "foolish" material is composed of Greeks, as the spectators of Bottom et al. are Theseus, the duke of Athens, and his court.
Scholarly debates.
The origin of Bottom's farewell to Peter Quince in Act I, scene 2 has become the topic of some disagreement among Shakespeare scholars. Parting with Quince, Bottom instructs his fellow actor to be at the next rehearsal, saying: "Hold or cut bowstrings." The debate is centred on whether this phrase arose from military or civilian life.
George Capell is the first to have offered an explanation of the origin of this phrase. He states that it is a proverbial saying and "was born in the days of archery". When an archery contest was planned, 'assurance of meeting was given in the words of that phrase'. If an archer did not keep the promised meeting, then the other archers might cut his bowstring, that is, 'demolish him for an archer'. From this 'particular usage, the phrase had an easy transition among the vulgar to that general application which Bottom makes of it.'
However, W.L. Godshalk refutes this theory, stating that no subsequent scholars have been able to confirm Capell's ideas. Godshalk also states that it is unlikely that this was a common civilian phrase, as there are no other examples of this exact form of the phrase in the work of any author besides Shakespeare.
Godshalk further cites the work of George Steevens, who was able to find two vaguely parallel examples in seventeenth-century drama. In George Chapman's The Ball, Scutilla asks Lady Lucina, 'have you devices / To jeer the rest?' Lucina answers, 'All the regiment of 'em, or I'll break my bow-strings' (II.ii.127-9). Godshalk argues that the context implied by 'regiment' is important, as it implies that the breaking (or cutting) of bowstrings should be seen in terms of military rather than civilian archery. Steeven's other example is from Anthony Brewer's The Covntrie Girle: A Comedie: 'Fidler, strike. / I strike you else; – and cut your begging bowstrings'. Godshalk writes that "the first 'strike' means 'to play upon' the fiddle; the second 'strike' may again suggest a military context for the cutting of bowstrings, though any reference to military archery is comic since the 'bow' in this case is the fiddler's bow."
Godshalk argues that, just as these examples indicate a military context, this must also be done with Bottom's "hold or cut bow-strings." He further cites Jean Froissart's account of the Battle of Crecy, which supports the military origin of Bottom's line: "When the Genoese felt the arrows piercing through their heads, arms, and breasts, many of them cast down their crossbows, and cut their strings, and resumed discomfited." Archers would cut their bowstrings, thus destroying their weapons, in the midst of a retreat so that the enemy could not use their own instruments against them. It is the equivalent of striking artillery, rendering the equipment useless.
With this understanding, Bottom's phrase can be interpreted as a military expression for "hold your position, or give up and retreat." In the context of the play, Bottom is being comically pretentious, saying: "Be present at the rehearsal, or quit the troupe."
Notable interpretations.
Actors who have played the role on film include Paul Rogers, James Cagney and Kevin Kline. In the "BBC Television Shakespeare" version, he is played by Brian Glover. In BBC One's "ShakespeaRe-Told", he is played by comedian Johnny Vegas.
Croatian actor Ozren Grabarić portrayed Bottom in a noted and award-winning performance at the Gavella Drama Theatre's cult production of the comedy, directed by Macedonian theatre practitioner Aleksandar Popovski.
At the Czech Theatre of Fidlovačce, Bottom was performed in an alternation between Ctirad Götz and Jakub Slach.
Cultural depictions.
Bottom has been the subject of several paintings. German composer Felix Mendelssohn musically referenced Bottom in his overture inspired by A Midsummer Night's Dream, with the strings mimicking an ass's bray on two occasions in the piece. Later German composer Hans Werner Henze has used Bottom twice as an inspiration: in the second sonata which comprises his "Royal Winter Music" and in his Eighth Symphony.
Nick Bottom is also the main character of the Tony-nominated 2015 musical "Something Rotten!", in which he competes as a playwright against William Shakespeare, his name being a reference to the character in Shakespeare's play.


Antoine Vater

Antoine Vater (Hanover 1689 - Paris 1759) (also Anton Vater) was a notable harpsichord maker in Paris of German origin.
Biography.
Vater was born to family of harpsichord- and organ builders. While his older brother Christian Vater took over the family workshop in Hanover, Anton emigrated to Paris in 1715 to practice his family’s profession and gained a reputation as one of the finest harpsichord makers in the city, eventually becoming a Guardian of the Royal Harpsichords, charged with maintaining the large collection at Versailles. He had several apprentices, the most notable being another German émigré to Paris, Henri Hemsch. Vater was a friend of German composer Georg Philipp Telemann who stayed with Vater at his house in Paris during 1737 and 1738. A notice given in the Mercure de France of July 1759 states that Vater was withdrawing from his trade, and had a number of harpsichords for sale, including some by Ruckers.
Surviving instruments.
Three instruments by Vater are known to survive today: one (dated 1732) is at the Cité de la Musique in Paris, another (dated 1737) is in a private collection in England, and a third (dated 1738) is in a private collection in Ireland. An instrument at the Ringve Museum attributed to "Ant. Watters" is unlikely to be by Vater.


Marv Kaisersatt

Marv Kaisersatt is an American woodcarver. He was born Marvin Robert Kaisersatt in Montgomery, Minnesota February 1, 1939 to Bessie and Benjamin Kaisersatt.
Career.
After graduating high school, Kaisersatt joined the US Army and spent time overseas before leaving the military early to teach in Puerto Rico, eventually devoting 29 years to teaching math to junior and senior high school students. He moved to Faribault, Minnesota in 1976 and taught math there until his retirement in 1995.
He began wood carving seriously in 1976 during a teacher's strike and has been teaching caricature carving since 1985. He specializes in carving multi-figure scenes from a single block of basswood. Pieces are carved from a single block of basswood, allowing the carving to take on a sculptural quality through the interplay of mass and space. The carvings are finished with sealer, but not varnished, and presented either without color, or with a hand-painted, detailed, watercolor finish and then waxed.
Kaisersatt teaches classes (held through Whillock Studios and CCA) which focus on design, clay modeling, and carving technique. He is a founding member of the Caricature Carvers of America. The CCA is dedicated to promoting the art of caricature carving. His favorite caricaturist is Al Hirschfeld. Cartooning and caricatures play a large role in Kaisersatt's designs and story lines. His book, "Creating Caricature Heads in Wood and on Paper" explains carving caricature heads and lays out a detailed procedure for designing them.
Kaisersatt has influenced carvers across the globe and while he doesn't sell his work, his donations to fundraisers raise thousands of dollars for worthy causes.
Awards.
Kaisersatt's awards include honors from the International Woodcarvers Congress in Davenport, Iowa where he has won “Best of Caricatures” in 9 of 10 years, the Upper Midwest Woodcarvers Expo in Blue Earth, Minnesota and the Nordic Fest Woodcarving Exhibition in Decorah, Iowa.
He was chosen as "Wood Carving Illustrated" magazine's wood carver of the year in 2006, and Kaisersatt was featured in the Fall 2007 edition of "Woodcarver's Magazine".


Charley Morgan

Charley E. Morgan (born 1929) is an American sailboat racer and designer. He is best known as the founder of Morgan Yacht Corporation.
Early life.
Morgan was born in Chicago in 1929 and raised in Florida. Morgan built the yacht "Brisote" and completed a St. Petersburg, Florida to Havana, Cuba race with Bruce Bidwell. Morgan attended the University of Tampa
 and took a job with Johnson Sails, located at the Jean Street Shipyard on the Hillsborough River. In 1952 he founded Morgan Racing Sails in Tampa, FL. While making sails Morgan met yacht designer George Luzier, who got him interested in designing boats.
Racing.
In 1957, Morgan, along with Charlie Hunt, designed and built "Brisote", a 31-foot plywood yawl.
 After successfully appealing disqualification due to a lack of engine, he entered the Havana race and took second in "Brisote's" division. In 1960 Jack Powell commissioned Morgan to build the 40 foot centerboard fiberglass yawl "Paper Tiger.". The "famously successful" "Paper Tiger" won the SORC Southern Ocean Racing Conference in 1961 and 1962.
Morgan Yachts.
Unable to find a builder to manufacture the "Tiger Cub", a smaller version of "Paper Tiger," Morgan founded the Morgan Yacht Corporation St. Petersburg, FL, 1965 after graduating high school and starting his own sail company. Morgan suffered the misfortune of falling ill with tuberculosis, delaying production. Morgan asked Bidwell to join the business, delivering the first yacht in 1965. Early models included the Tiger Cub and fiberglass sloop Morgan 34. The company grossed 1.7 million in 1965.
The company's first model was the Morgan 34 built in fiberglass. This was followed by the Morgan 24, 30, 41, and 45. The Morgan 41 designed by Morgan, his most popular design, became a standard in the sailing charter industry for its strength, simplicity, and space belowdecks. In response to customer feedback while operating Morgan Yacht, Morgan designed the shallow draft Morgan Out Island 41, "the most popular boat over 40 feet overall ever built." First built in 1971 the spacious boat became popular with charter companies, becoming "the standard charter boat." The Out Island 33 was designed and first produced in mid-1971 as part of the Morgan Out Island series.
Morgan's involvement in the company ended in 1972.
Ownership of Morgan Yacht was sold to Beatrice Foods in 1968, providing funds for Morgan to design and build the wooden 12-meter yacht "Heritage" to compete for selection as defender of the America's Cup. Morgan acted as skipper during the defender selection trials but lost to Intrepid.
After Morgan left the company was passed from one corporate entity to another, until it came into the hands of Catalina Yachts in 1984. Catalina continued manufacturing a few models, including the Out Island 41, before the Morgan name was retired.
Later life.
Morgan left Morgan Yachts in 1972. Beatrice Foods sold the company to Catalina Yachts in 1984 and sold a redesigned Morgan Out Island 41 from 1986 to 1993.
Morgan found Heritage Yacht Corporation in 1975, producing trawlers and sailing yachts. The company was forced into bankruptcy and
ownership transferred to Catalina Yachts. Heritage Yachts sold the tooling for their line of Morgan Trawlers to Chris-Craft and Morgan began working for Chris-Craft, doing design work on their trawler line.
Morgan later designed the Com-pac 35 under contract for Hutchins Yachts.


Reihana Parata

Reihana Parata (born 1937; also known as Aunty Doe) is a New Zealand Māori tohunga raranga (master weaver) from the Ngāi Tahu iwi. For 11 years Parata was matron at the Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College in Christchurch.
Biography.
Parata grew up in Lyttelton, near Christchurch, New Zealand, and attended Lyttelton West Primary School where she first started weaving.
In 1978, she was appointed matron at Te Waipounamu Māori Girls' College Christchurch, a position she held for 11 years. The focus of the college was on providing an education for Māori girls. While there, weaver Emily Schuster visited the college to teach the students weaving skills and Parata learnt alongside them.
Parata is a member of the Te Roopu Raranga Whatu o Aotearoa (National Collective of Māori Weavers in New Zealand). In 2008 Parata gained formal acknowledgement of her master weaver status in Aotearoa by being appointed to Te Kāhui Whiritoi by the management committee of Te Roopu Raranga Whatu and the New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute at Te Puia.
In 2016, Parata and Morehu Flutey-Henare worked together to design woven mats of welcome which were installed using coloured paving stones in the rebuild of the Bridge of Remembrance area in central Christchurch.
Recognition.
In the 1990 Birthday Honours list, Parata was awarded the Queen's Service Medal for public services, in recognition of her services to weaving.
Works.
Collaborations:
Kahu Poa (collection of Korowai Tahi)
Nga Here o Te Ao (collection of Te Roopu Raranag Whatu o Aotearoa)


Henry Grissell

Henry Grissell (4 July 1817 – 31 January 1883), sometimes known as "Iron Henry", was an English foundry-man who was responsible for the ironwork in a number of prestigious buildings in England, Russia, Austria, and Egypt.
Early life and education.
Henry Grissell was born in London to Thomas de la Garde Grissell, who worked with the East India Company. He started work with John Joseph Bramah, of the Bramah company, known for his intricate castings and metal work.
Career.
Grissell started his own business in partnership with his brother, Martin De La Garde Grissell, at the Regent's Canal Ironworks, Eagle Wharf Road, as ironfounders and contractors in about 1841. Martin left the partnership in 1858. They worked with the major engineers of the time, including Robert Stephenson, Bidder, Walker & Burges, and Sir William Cubitt.
The company made the ironwork for some major bridges, including at the river Nene, Sutton, Lincolnshire, Great Yarmouth, and the Nile in Egypt, as well as works in Portsmouth and Devonport dockyards. Overseas jobs included waterworks at Vienna, Leipzig, Russia, and various lighthouses. They also made ironwork for Covent Garden Opera House, for some of the Houses of Parliament and the new museum at South Kensington. He also made the gates for Sir William Tite's Royal Exchange, the gates and railings round Buckingham Palace and at the British Museum. He cast all the Type 2 Coal Tax posts – about 200 of them.
Another brother, Thomas Grissell, was a major public works contractor, with cousin Henry Peto.
After the banking crisis of 1866, Henry closed the foundry and developed his interests in Scandinavian timber. He died in 1883 at his home in Montagu Square and was interred at West Norwood Cemetery in an elaborate Gothic tomb made of iron, constructed initially for his father.


Shepard station

Shepard is a planned and approved CTrain suburban light rail station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada part of the Green Line. Construction will begin in 2022 and complete in 2027 as part of construction stage one, segment one. The station is located at the South Trail Crossing shopping centre and will serve as the southern terminus station for stage one of construction. It is expected to be one of the busiest stations on opening day.
This station is surrounded by a commercial and retail area and does not currently have a pedestrian-friendly environment. As part of station construction, the area will be upgraded with improved sidewalks and multi-use pathways that will increase walkability in the area. The improved pathway system will feature a pedestrian connection to Douglasdale/Douglasglen. The Green Line light-rail storage and maintenance facility will be immediately north of the station. Additionally, it will feature a large park and ride, and a one-million square foot office development has been planned adjacent to the station.


Johann Jacob Schweppe

Johann Jacob Schweppe (, ) (16 March 1740 – 18 November 1821) was a German-Swiss watchmaker and amateur scientist who developed the first practical process to manufacture bottled carbonated mineral water, based on a process discovered by Joseph Priestley in 1767. His company, Schweppes, regards Priestley as “the father of our industry”.
Schweppe was born in Witzenhausen in the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. He moved to Geneva in 1765 to work as a watchmaker and jeweler, and founded the Schweppes Company in Geneva in 1783. The addition of carbon dioxide was considered, at the time, to have medicinal properties. In 1792 he moved to London to develop the business there, but it was not successful and failed in 1795. However Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles Darwin, began talking up the beverage, which started to become popular. Schweppe returned to Geneva in 1821. In 1831, King William IV of the United Kingdom adopted the beverage which could then use the famous "by appointment to". It subsequently became very popular.


Coaxial escapement

The coaxial escapement is a type of modern watch escapement mechanism invented by English watchmaker George Daniels in 1976 and patented in 1980. It is one of the few watch escapements which have been invented in modern times. It is used in a few mechanical watch models produced by Omega SA, including the latest version of the Omega Speedmaster ‘Moonwatch’.
History.
During the quartz crisis, English watchmaker George Daniels accepted a commission from American industrialist and watch collector Seth G. Atwood to create a timepiece that would fundamentally improve the performance of mechanical watches. As a result, Daniels invented the coaxial escapement in 1974 and patented it in 1980. The "Atwood watch" for Seth G. Atwood was completed in 1976.
Technical overview.
The coaxial escapement is a modification of the lever escapement with some features of the detent escapement. One of the few advances in escapement design which have been adopted since the invention of the lever escapement in the 19th century, the coaxial escapement functions with a system of three pallets that separate the locking function from the impulse, avoiding the sliding friction of the lever escapement. This makes lubrication of the pallets theoretically unnecessary and thereby minimizes one of the shortcomings of the traditional lever escapement. In practice, a small amount of lubrication is used on the locking and impulse surfaces of the pallet stones, reportedly to minimize impact corrosion.
Critical virtue.
The critical virtue of the Daniels escapement is the virtual elimination of the sliding friction component; i.e., the sliding of the pallet stones over the teeth of the escape wheel. What little sliding friction remains is due to the impossibility of maintaining an exact tangential geometry throughout the duration of an impulse.
Radial friction vs. sliding friction.
By utilizing radial friction instead of sliding friction at the impulse surfaces the coaxial escapement significantly reduces friction, theoretically resulting in longer service intervals (though many factors influence this including lubricant aging) and greater accuracy over time.
Commercialization.
The escapement was commercialized in 1999 by Omega SA when it introduced the first mass-produced watch incorporating the technology. It is the only other escapement produced at industrial scale, other than the Swiss lever escapement. When it first came to the market as the Caliber 2500, it had an oscillation rate of 28,800 beats per hour (8 beats per second), considered a "hi-beat" movement. But the rate was reduced to 25,200 beats per hour (7 beats per second) in the Caliber 2500C. "While Daniels has recognized the advantages of higher beat movements, he has also noted that they aggravate the problem of sliding friction in the escapement (at the escape teeth and pallets). Higher beat movements produce increased speed and pressure at these critical surfaces."


Roger W. Riehl

Roger William Riehl (December 25, 1935 – February 16, 2005) was an American inventor noted for his work in electronics — in particular, the "Synchronar": the first solar-powered wristwatch.
Early life.
From an early age Riehl was interested in electronics and gadgetry in general. He demonstrated an aptitude for electronics when he taught himself how to repair television sets at the age of 11. At the age of 15 he designed and built a pinball machine in the basement of his parents’ house which won the 1950 9th grade grand prize at the 3rd annual Herkimer Science Congress at North School in Herkimer, New York. At age 16 he designed and assembled an electronic football field scoreboard that was made from junk and discarded parts that included old electric train transformers, six soup cans, damper motors from heat control systems, wire from coin machines and a curtain rod. This feat won him a first prize in the 1952 Whitesboro Central School physics competition.
At age 18, Riehl wrote a paper titled, “The Electronic Regulation of the Audible Spectrum.” This paper and his demonstration of equipment which included a record player, electrical meters and vacuum tubes won the grand prize in the Chemistry-Biology-Physics contest at Whitesboro Central School in 1953. He also participated (in 1952 and 1953) in the State Science Congress sponsored by the New York State Science Teachers Association for Future Scientists of America.
Career History.
In adulthood Riehl was a self-taught engineer. He honed his electronic and design skills at various companies before taking on the personal challenge of designing and constructing a digital solar-powered wristwatch. From 1954 to 1957 he worked as a television repairman and built custom hi-fi sound systems in the Utica, New York area. In 1958 he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio and worked at a cousin's television appliance business as a television repairman. It was in 1959 that he first got the idea for a digital solar-powered wristwatch after he realized how military devices were utilizing integrated circuits (ICs).
In 1960 he worked at the Dayton Aviation Radio Equipment (DARE Electronics, Inc.) as an engineer working on 2-way FM radio development. While at DARE he flew worldwide as a flight crew member testing navigation equipment for Air Force and Naval applications. He also obtained the FCC Second Class Technical license in 1960. He started a company called Riehl Engineering in 1960 working out of a room in his home. It was here that he first started working on his idea to design a digital solar-powered wristwatch device. He also designed and marketed a transistor ignition system called Spitfire This device claimed to keep an automobile engine in proper timing (up to ten times longer), and to increase horsepower by 20%.
Throughout the mid to late-1960s he explored many ideas related to solar power devices and how to design a wristwatch with an electronic digital display that would work by storing energy in a solar cell. He operated Riehl Engineering until late in 1964. Then, in 1965 he opened the Riehl Electronics Corporation (REC) in an industrial building in Troy, Ohio. This company made and distributed various electronic products including the MagneTach Tachometer/Dwell Meter, and heat sinks.
Riehl was also busy working on his solar-powered wristwatch concept and was able to complete various prototypes (during the period from 1968 to 1972). Prototypes, and the production models, did not look like traditional wristwatches (except insofar as they were worn on the wrist) as they had a “Space Age” appearance which made the concept even more revolutionary.
From 1969 through 1970 he worked as an Electronics Engineer at Hobart Manufacturing in Dayton, Ohio. It was here that he was instrumental in the design of the first digital delicatessen weighing scale. He continued to work on his designs and testing of his digital solar-powered wristwatch concept in addition to his responsibilities at Hobart.
In 1970 he returned full-time to the Riehl Electronics Corporation to bring his dream of a digital solar-powered wristwatch to reality. In 1971 Riehl began selling stock in the Riehl Electronics Corporation to fund the digital solar-powered wristwatch project.
From late 1971 to early in 1972 Riehl completed a working prototype of a digital solar-powered wristwatch that included two slider control switches on the top of the case. This slider control design passed all of his intense water-proof testing and was soon ready to be released for sale to the public.
Release of the Synchronar.
In 1972 Riehl completed the first production-ready digital solar-powered wristwatch that featured CMOS circuits of his own design.
In 1974 Riehl joined Ragen Semiconductor, Inc. in Whippany, New Jersey as the Vice-President of Operations (for the Synchronar Solar-Powered Wristwatch product). Riehl became President in 1975. Starting in 1974 and continuing into 1976 Ragen Semiconductor manufactured and marketed the Synchronar.
Economic Issues.
Late in 1976 Ragen Semiconductor, Inc. discontinued operations, due to the then-ongoing quartz crisis. Riehl purchased all inventory and equipment associated with Synchronar production and started a new company in Whippany, NJ in 1977 that he named Riehl Time Corporation (RTC).
On September 29, 1983 RTC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In late 1984 RTC completely ceased operations and closed their doors. Riehl was able to acquire the assets from RTC and in 1985 he launched a new company called Custom Circuits Corporation (CCC). He continued to produce the Synchronar wristwatch at CCC, but in very limited quantities. In addition to his work at CCC Riehl worked as a technical consultant for Machine Technology Inc. in Parsippany, NJ from 1986 through 1987. One of his accomplishments while at Machine Technology was a special balancing chuck he designed to enable proper alignment for wafer manufacturing.
Despite numerous economic issues Riehl encountered he pressed on and challenged the wristwatch industry with new ideas and concepts and continued working on improving the Synchronar wristwatch design up to his death in 2005.
Other Achievements.
Riehl was instrumental in many additional innovations in electronic timekeeping related to wristwatches including: smart calendar programming, owner-controlled calibration, automatic adjustment to daylight saving time, automatic adjustments for leap year, perpetual calendars, and the first LED digital electronic wristwatch to be waterproof to a depth of 750 feet.


SS John Randolph

SS "John Randolph" was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after John Randolph, was a planter and a Congressman from Virginia, serving in the House of Representatives at various times between 1799 and 1833, and the Senate from 1825 to 1827. He was also Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson in 1830.
Construction.
"John Randolph" was laid down on 15 July 1941, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MCE hull 19, by the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland; and was launched on 30 December 1941.
History.
She was allocated to Union Sulphur & Oil Co., Inc., on 27 February 1942.
Sinking.
"John Randolph" was severely damaged after striking an Allied mine on the night of 5 July 1942.
Having left Murmansk, on 27 June 1942, Convoy QP-13 encountered fog on 5 July 1942, north west of Iceland. Due to the overcast weather and poor visibility, about , Commander Cubison, aboard the escort ship , ordered the convoy to form up in two columns, from five, to pass between Straumnes and the Northern Barrage minefield. At 20:00 Commander Cubison had estimated his location at and suggested that the convoy alter course to 222°. At 22:00 "Niger" mistook what was later identified as an iceberg for Iceland's North Cape, at a bearing of 150° and one mile range. Cubison ordered the convoy to change course to 270°. At 22:40 "Niger" exploded and sank with a heavy loss of life, this included Commander Cubison. The convoy had entered the minefield at this time and the merchant ships , , , and struck mines and were sunk, "John Randolph" and were seriously damaged. The forepart was salved but broke tow on 1 September 1952 and was wrecked at Torrisdale Bay, Sutherland, Scotland, on 5 September.


Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund

The Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund (also referred to as the China-LAC Industrial Cooperation Investment Fund and abbreviated as Claifund) is a multilateral cooperation fund established by the Chinese government to support investments by Chinese companies in Latin America.
It is one of two multilateral cooperation funds created by the Chinese government to advance the economic relationship between China and Latin America. The other is the China-LAC Cooperation Fund. Similar to the investment funds in promoting economic ties, the Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project is a special credit line created by the Chinese government.
Fundraising.
The first phase of capital for the fund was in the amount of US$10 billion. The capital contribution came from three Chinese government entities: the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and the China Development Bank. Part of the initial capital came from the foreign exchange reserves of China.
Investments.
The target investments of the fund are described as "medium- and long-term projects in the fields of manufacturing, new and high technology, agriculture, energy, infrastructure" including hydroelectric power plants.


Rigid belt actuator

A rigid belt actuator, also known as a push-pull belt actuator or zipper belt actuator, is a specialized mechanical linear actuator used in push-pull and lift applications. The actuator is a belt and pinion device that forms a telescoping beam or column member to transmit traction and thrust. Rigid belt actuators can move dynamic loads up to approximately 230 pounds over about 3 feet of travel.
Principle of operation.
Rigid belt actuators can be thought of as rack and pinion devices that use a flexible rack. Rigid belt actuators use two reinforced plastic ribbed belts, that engage with pinions mounted on drive shafts within a housing. The belts have evenly spaced load bearing blocks on the non-ribbed face. As the pinions spin, the belts are rotated 90 degrees through the housing, which interlocks the blocks like a zipper into a rigid linear form. The resulting beam or column is effective at resisting tension and compression (buckling). Because the actuating member can fold on itself, it can be stored relatively compactly in a storage magazine, either in an overlapping or coiled arrangement. The actuator is driven by an electric motor.
Development.
A rigid belt actuator is effectively a non-metallic variation of the rigid chain actuator. But, while the interlocking chain actuator has been around since the middle of the 20th century, rigid belt technology didn’t emerge until the new millennium. Joël Bourc'His received a patent for his “Linear Belt Actuator” in 2007.


George Lennox Watson

George Lennox Watson (30 October 1851 – 12 November 1904) was a Scottish naval architect. He was born in Glasgow, son of Thomas Lennox Watson, a doctor at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, and grandson of Sir Timothy Burstall, engineer and entrant at the 1829 Rainhill Trials.
Early life.
As a young boy in the late 1850s Watson often spent holidays at Inverkip on the Firth of Clyde, where through his friendship the local skipper William Mackie he developed his passion for yachts and resolved to make naval architecture his living. At the age of 16 Watson became an apprentice draughtsman at the shipyard of Robert Napier and Sons in Glasgow.
Career.
During his training at Napier’s yard Watson was at the early stages of using theories of hydrodynamics as influences in yacht design. After practising at J&A Inglis, Shipbuilders, in 1873 (at the age of 22) Watson set out to found the world's first yacht design office dedicated to small craft. His first design, "Peg Woffington" featured an unorthodox reverse bow which undoubtedly drew attention to the young designer. Successes followed with yachts such as "Vril" and "Verve" which were built for a growing client base of wealthy Clyde industrialists. Notable examples include the Coats family of Paisley and the Allan Brothers of the famous Scots-Canadian shipping line.
Watson's successes on the proving ground of the Clyde soon attracted larger commissions from more high-profile clients such as the Vanderbilt family, Earl of Dunraven, Sir Thomas Lipton, the Rothschild family, Charles Lindsay Orr-Ewing, Whitaker Wright and Wilhelm II, German Emperor. Commissioning amongst others, four America's Cup challengers and the largest sailing schooner of its time, "Rainbow".
Amongst his work in yacht designs Watson designed extensively for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) with his boats becoming renowned for their seaworthiness and durable qualities. In 1887 Watson became chief consulting Naval Architect to the RNLI, a position which G.L. Watson & Co. Directors would fulfil through to the late 1960s.
Watson designed 432 yachts, lifeboats and other vessels during his 32-year career, an output which averages one new build launched every 3.5 weeks. Of those he designed the following are particularly noteworthy.
Britannia.
Watson's most famous design was commissioned and raced by Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. Built in 1893, she and had a long and successful career passing to his son King George V. HMY "Britannia" remains the most successful racing yacht of all time, with a racing career spanning 43 years.
The America's Cup.
Watson's involvement in the America's Cup was long running and manifested itself in four cup challengers; the "Thistle" for the Scottish syndicate headed by Sir James Bell, two yachts named "Valkyrie" for Lord Dunraven, and "Shamrock II" for Sir Thomas Lipton.
Watson's yachts were met with a range of successes and competed in typically controversial Cup contests but never managed to win the trophy. "Thistle" was sold to Kaiser Willem of Germany; "Valkyrie II" was sunk in a collision with the cutter "Satanita" (Joseph M. Soper, 1893) on the Clyde. Both the large cutters, "Valkyrie III" & "Shamrock II" were broken up following their defeats.
Personal life.
In the early years of his adult life Watson was devoted to his company as well as close friends and family. He had little time for courting and it was not until his later years that Watson courted and married Ms Lovibond of Putney, London. Their wedding was described as "a gathering of the most fashionable people in society". Only 18 months after their wedding, and shortly after the birth of his daughter, Ellen Marjorie (Madge). Watson succumbed to "Coronary Asthma" and died on 12 November 1904, aged 53.
Legacy.
As sole partner at the time of his death, Watson entrusted the company to the hands of his Chief Draughstman James Rennie Barnett, who went on to design the firm's largest and most famous luxury steam yachts for the social elite. Barnett also furthered Watson's lifeboat work successfully developing the world's first self-righting lifeboat.
Subsequently, the firm passed through the hands of three further managing directors, before a brief hiatus in the early 1990s. The firm is now based in Liverpool and is engaged in the design, restoration and replica builds of large yachts. The company still holds the original design archive which was temporarily housed in the Mitchell Library in Glasgow.


Antoine Thiout

Antoine Thiout the elder (Paris, 1692–1767) was a French clockmaker. He wrote "Traité de l'horlogerie mechanique et pratique" (Paris, 1741), a treatise on clockmaking which was widely read in his time. His plates describe clock and watch mechanisms which were often used in 18th century timepieces: for example a verge escapement powered by a spring encased in a barrel, and a regulation based on a cone-shaped fusee.


Roy Thomas Severn

Professor Roy Thomas Severn CBE DSc PhD FREng FICE (6 September 1929 – 25 November 2012) was a British civil engineer and earthquake engineering expert. Severn studied mathematics at Imperial College London and achieved a doctorate in civil engineering based upon his work on the design of Dukan Dam. After completing his National Service he accepted a position as lecturer in civil engineering at the University of Bristol, where he would spend the rest of his career. Severn specialised in earthquake engineering and established the Earthquake Engineering Research Centre at the university which became one of the foremost institutions in the world within the field. He served as pro-vice chancellor of the university and as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Early life and army service.
Severn was born in Hucknall in Nottinghamshire on 6 September 1929. His father was originally a coal miner before he found work at the Hucknall co-operative shop and later became manager of the Great Yarmouth branch. Severn was educated at Deacon's School, Peterborough and Great Yarmouth Grammar School before gaining a place at the Royal College of Science (RCS), part of the Imperial College London, to study mathematics.
Severn was a keen sportsman whilst a student and played cricket, rugby and football. Whilst playing for Wasps (Rugby) Football Club he met Professor Sammy Sparkes, also of Imperial College, who persuaded him to study civil engineering as a post-graduate, and also Deryck Norman de Garrs Allen, who became his PhD supervisor. Allen, who had studied under Sir Richard V. Southwell, was asked by Geoffrey Binnie's engineering consultancy to apply Southwell's equation-solving techniques to the design of the Dukan Dam in Iraq. Allen involved Severn in the project, as part of which the pair visited several arch dams and spent a significant amount of time solving complex design equations on mechanical calculators via relaxation methods. The project formed the basis of Severn's doctoral thesis.
Severn was required to serve in the British Army under the National Service programme and carried this out as an officer in the Royal Engineers. Entering as an officer cadet in 1954 he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 4 June 1955. Severn studied at the Royal School of Military Survey in Curridge, Berkshire and served in Egypt, Cyprus and Aden before his service ended and he was placed in the Army Emergency Reserve of Officers on 29 September 1956. He was promoted to lieutenant in the reserve on 25 January 1957, and remained eligible for recall until he retired (with permission to retain use of his rank) on 1 April 1967.
University of Bristol.
After he was demobilised from the army Severn, who decided he did not wish to work as a mathematician, entered upon a career in civil engineering academia and was appointed to lecture at the University of Bristol by Sir Alfred Pugsley, who was then professor of Civil Engineering. Within a year of working there he had met and married Hilary Saxton. The appointment of Alfred Pippard, a proponent of structural analysis, as president of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), led to the establishment of the institution's Arch Dams Committee to remedy a perceived lack of experience in the field. Sir Thomas Paton was installed by Pippard as head of the committee and Severn was appointed its most junior member. Paton recognised Severn's mathematical abilities and recommended that he apply himself to the study of earthquakes, which he described as the "most mathematical task of all". This field would become Severn's primary interest for the remainder of his career.
Puglsey left Bristol in 1968 and Severn was appointed his successor as professor and head of department, a move that was viewed with surprise by some contemporaries owing to Severn's youth – he was 38 years-old at the time of his appointment. Severn continued his focus on the effects of earthquakes upon dams, particularly embankment dams which were widespread in the hydro-electric power stations being constructed during this period and outnumbered the previously dominant arch dams by ten to one in new construction. The accurate modelling of embankment dams is difficult due to their mix of rocks and soil and little work had been carried out previously on their reaction to dynamic loading, such as was exerted by earthquakes. Severn was a proponent of the use of finite element analysis in the modelling of such dams and pioneered the application of early digital computers to this task. In the late 1970s Severn installed a 2m by 1m shaking table at Bristol and used it to derive a set of guidelines for the design of earthquake resistance in embankment dams, they were the first of their kind in the world. Severn's table was computer controlled and used a series of eccentricly-mounted weights to exert forces upon embankment dam models that he constructed of sand and wax. He refined his models using real-world data collected from a dam in Wales. Under Severn's direction Bristol's Department of Civil Engineering became the top-rated such department in the world and his Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, the largest institution of its kind in the UK, was internationally renowned.
International renown.
Severn became a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1981 and, in the same year, received the ICE Telford Medal for a paper co-written with two members of the Building Research Station. He served as pro-vice chancellor of Bristol University from 1981 to 1984 (having served two periods as dean of the faculty of engineering). Severn insisted on remaining involved with the teaching of students and for many years led the teaching of basic structural engineering to first-year students. He was appointed chairman of the Seismic Effects Committee of the International Commission on Large Dams in 1982 and in 1984 was appointed to the Science and Engineering Research Council's Civil Engineering Committee. At SERC Severn established the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team which continues to send British engineers to every major earthquake to study the effects on structures. In 1984 he was able to use a SERC grant to establish a large-scale shaking table at Bristol as part of an initiative to allow earthquake-struck countries gain access to British expertise. This improved table was computer-controlled and driven by six hydraulic rams operating in all three rotational and three translational axes. Severn was invited by the European Commission to co-ordinate the improvement and calibration of new shaking tables at the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil in Lisbon, Portugal the Istituto Sperimentale Modelli E Strutture in Italy and a facility in Athens.
Severn was elected president of the ICE for the November 1990 to November 1991 session and was heavily involved in the running of the ICE's South-West region. Severn was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1992 for his services to civil engineering and in January 1995 he led a team of European experts to carry out a detailed study of structural failures that occurred during and after the Kobe earthquake. Following his retirement from the university later in 1995 was granted the position of Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering. In 1997, Severn delivered the sixth Mallet-Milne memorial lecture (entitled "Structural Response Prediction Using Experimental Data") for the Society for Earthquake and Civil Engineering Dynamics, in London. Severn authored several books including a history of Victorian engineering and a discussion of structural modelling. His last major project was a book on the history of engineering at Bristol to mark the faculty's centenary in 2009, he funded this himself and donated the royalties to establish a university scholarship fund.
Severn died on 25 November 2012. A memorial service for Severn was held on 1 March 2013 at the University of Bristol, in a lecture theatre named after Pugsley, his former mentor, and including tours of the latest shaking tables in the Bristol laboratories.


Tom Wolfe (woodcarver)

Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of 12. He has become one of America's leading wood carvers with nearly 50 books in print with Schiffer Publications to date. Tom currently resides in Spruce Pine, NC and teaches classes several times a year at his workshop on Grandfather Mountain, as well as at the John C. Campbell School in Brasstown NC. In recent years Tom has taught classes in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Canada. Tom is a lifetime member of the Southern Highland Craft Guild, having been awarded this distinction in 2006, and can be found demonstrating and selling his original wood carvings at many of the Guilds shops several times throughout the year. Tom's main area of artistic exploration is what is referred to as Caricature Carving. He is a member of the Caricature Carvers of America (CCA), an association of like-minded artists who work to further the craft and the public's greater appreciation and understanding of it.
Books published.
Caricatures in Clay with Tom Wolfe

Basic Penknife Carving with Tom Wolfe

Carving Traditional Woodspirits with Tom Wolfe

Carving Bottlestoppers with Tom Wolfe

Carving Canes & Walking Sticks with Tom Wolfe

Carving Cigar Humidors with Tom Wolfe

Carving Desperados with Tom Wolfe

Carving Down-Home Angels with Tom Wolfe

Carving From Roughouts with Tom Wolfe

Carving Gnomes with Tom Wolfe

Carving Out the Wild West with Tom Wolfe: The Saloon

Carving Santas for Today: With Tom Wolfe

Carving the Civil War: with Tom Wolfe

Carving Wizards with Tom Wolfe

Country Flat Carving with Tom Wolfe

Creative Canes & Walking Sticks: Carving with Tom Wolfe

Horse Carving: with Tom Wolfe

More Santa Carving with Tom Wolfe

Out to the Ball Game with Tom Wolfe


Henry Arthur Ward

Henry Arthur Ward (1838-1903) was a Birmingham whistle maker who made whistles of high quality, all rare and hard to find. He made whistles from 1876 to 1903.
History and addresses.
H. A. Ward is one of the whistle makers that little is known about, and most of it is revealed by his designs and stamps, which testify to an innovative maker of high-quality whistles. All his whistles are rare and some were discovered only in the last year or two (2008).
During 1889–1890 he had some partnership with a Birmingham whistle maker named Peter McDonald and they applied for a patent # 2980 on February 1890, the patent was never granted, it was for a Glasgow-style escargot-type whistle constructed of 6 parts in a way similar to one that S Auld received a patent for in the same year.
Models and types.
Of the British whistle makers, he was the only one that seemed to have made cast GSWs, though they may have been made at B Lily & Sons in Birmingham, since they were one of his main outlets for selling whistles in Birmingham and also made cast patterns in pewter and Britannia metal . It may be noted here that B Lily & sons were located at the same street as J Hudson & Co at the time and sold other makers but Hudson's. and supplied whistles ordered from Ward, De Courcy and T Yates among others.


Ogden station (Calgary)

Ogden is a planned and approved CTrain light rail station in Calgary, Alberta, Canada part of the Green Line. Construction will begin in 2022 and complete in 2027 as part of construction stage one, segment one. The station is located in the community of Ogden.
Ogden station will be located near the intersection of Ogden Road and 72 Avenue SE near a primarily low-density residential and commercial area. The station is also near the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters. A transit plaza will serve as the gateway to the station, which will become the new heart of the community and will include a mix of shops, services and housing.


Dog clutch

A dog clutch (also known a dog gears) is a type of clutch that couples two rotating shafts or other rotating components not by friction but by interference or clearance fit. The two parts of the clutch are designed such that one will push the other, causing both to rotate at the same speed and will never slip.
Dog clutches are used where slip is undesirable and/or the clutch is not used to control torque. Without slippage, dog clutches are not affected by wear in the same way that friction clutches are.
Dog clutches are used inside manual automotive transmissions to lock different gears to the rotating input and output shafts. A synchromesh arrangement ensures smooth engagement by matching the shaft speeds before the dog clutch is allowed to engage. Dog clutches are commonly used in racecars.
A good example of a simple dog clutch can be found in a Sturmey-Archer bicycle hub gear, where a sliding cross-shaped clutch is used to lock the driver assembly to different parts of the planetary geartrain.
In engineering, a "dog" is a tool or device used to lock two components in relation to each other.


Yushuzhuang station

Yushuzhuang station () is a station under construction on Line 16 of the Beijing Subway. The station will open in 2021.
Station Layout.
The station has 2 underground side platforms.


John Carruthers (engineer)

John Carruthers (21 June 1836–2 September 1914) was a British engineer and economic theorist from a Scottish literary family. He was born in Inverness, Inverness-shire, Scotland on 21 June 1836.
He worked on railway construction in Canada, America, Russia, Mauritius and Egypt before being recruited by Julius Vogel for his great Public Works policy of the 1870s which emphasized railway construction and immigration. He was made Engineer-in Chief of the new Public Works Department, responsible for railway construction.
He resigned in 1878 after the new minister (James Macandrew) effectively demoted him to having charge of the North Island only. He returned to England and became consulting engineer to the New Zealand Government.


Gunleik Jonsson Helland

Gunleik "Gullik" Jonsson Helland (1828–1863) was a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle maker from Bø in Telemark, Norway.
Gunleik (the name was written both ways) Helland, son of the first fiddle maker at Helland cotters farm, worked several years in his father's workshop until he left Bø and went to Horten, Norway and became a steam machine engineer in the Navy.
He died 1863 in the North Atlantic when his ship D/S "Rjukan", from Bugge's shipowners in Bergen, Norway sank south of Iceland.


Moon Guitars

Company History
Moon Guitars was established in 1979 by Jimmy Moon in a small workshop on the Island of Arran in Scotland. His reputation grew quickly and he was soon making (mostly electric guitars) and repairing instruments for many of Scotland’s finest musicians. A move to Glasgow was made in 1985 and for the following ten years, the company produced mostly custom electric instruments for many of Scotland’s well-known bands including Big Country, Texas, Simple Minds, Wet Wet Wet and Del Amitri. The next five years saw a change in the industry, and recognising this shift, Jimmy returned to his roots and began producing acoustic guitars and the entire mandolin family. Acoustic guitars range from Standard Series through to Master Grade instruments built with exotic timbers. The range also includes signature models for Bryan Adams and Scottish folk singer Dougie MacLean. Some current users of Moon acoustic instruments include: Adele, Ally McErlaine (Texas & Red Sky July), Bryan Adams, Dougie MacLean, Guy Berryman (Coldplay), Paolo Nutini, Trevor Rabin, Steve Earle, Peter Rowan, Roy Harper and the Scissor Sisters.
Present Day
The company has had varying levels of personnel over the years - but has consistently been assisted by Jimmy's wife - Joan - and finisher Stephen Devine - who started with the company in 1986. In recent years, production has been scaled down and the company currently employs just Jimmy, Joan and Stephen. Although a range of standard instruments are produced - Jimmy's focus has shifted more to one-off custom instruments. All Moon instruments are hand made in their Glasgow workshop.
External links
http://www.moonguitars.co.uk Company home page
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GP_j8hyQHY4 - short promotional film


Louis Greenough

Louis Greenough was a pioneer who was one of the first residents of Pierre, South Dakota in what was then the Dakota Territory. With Harry Adams, he is credited with building the first automobile in South Dakota. He worked in the hardware business most of his life and was involved in civics. He served on the city commission and the School Board. He was a member of the Democratic Party and a Roman Catholic. He was born in Richmond, Vermont, on November 15, 1853. He died in 1932 of a stroke.
In 1897 Louis Greenough saw an electric powered horseless carriage at the Yanktown State Fair, which inspired him to build an internal-combustion powered automobile. With the help of Harry Adams, he added a two-cylinder Wolverine engine to a traditional wagon and built the area's first internal combustion engine driven vehicle.


List of energy storage projects in South Australia

As of 2020, South Australia has 3 grid-connected energy storage devices, with a total capacity of 205 MW / 253.5 MWh.


Musical instrument maker


TM-62 series of mines

TM-62 is the designation for a series of Soviet anti-tank blast mines. The mines have a central fuze and typically have a explosive charge, however they vary greatly in detail. The mines can be laid manually or automatically from a mine laying machine including the PMR-1, PMR-2 wheeled towed mine layers, the GMZ tracked mine laying vehicle and the VMR-2 helicopter mine laying system.
In a static test, the TM-62M proved capable of penetrating the hull of a Centurion tank, killing the simulated crew of animals inside.
The TM-62 series of mines can be fitted with the same fuzes as the TM-72 series of mines, which include MVN-72 and MVN-80 fuzes which are vibration and magnetism sensitive.
Fuzes.
"Note: magnetic influence fuzes give full-width attack i.e. any part of the target vehicle passing over the mine will trigger detonation, not just the track or wheels. However, since magnetic fuzes are electronic, their operational life relies on battery power. Ultimately the battery will run down, after which the mine no longer functions. In contrast, a purely mechanical fuze (usually triggered via a belleville spring) gives a much longer operational life e.g. mines planted 50 years previously will still detonate if a target vehicle drives over them."


Wilson Reilly

Wilson Reilly (August 8, 1811 – August 26, 1885) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Biography.
Wilson Reilly was born in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools, and was engaged as a hatter in Waynesboro and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Chambersburg. He served as prosecuting attorney of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, from 1842 to 1845. He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1854.
Reilly was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of War during the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1858. He became captain of the McClure Rifles and joined the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He resumed the practice of law. In 1885, he and died in Chambersburg and was buried in Falling Spring Cemetery.


Roger Sainsbury (engineer)

Roger Sainsbury (born 11 June 1940) is a British civil engineer. He spent much of his career with the construction contractor Mowlem, including work on Immingham Oil Terminal and the Natwest Tower. He rose to become a director of the firm and was responsible for Mowlem’s participation in the creation of the Manchester Metro and for the company’s role as creator and developer of London City Airport. Sainsbury left Mowlem in December 1995 and subsequently devoted much time to the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), being president for the 1998-9 session. Sainsbury resigned his membership in 2001, in protest at the mishandling of a ballot of the membership, becoming the first president to take such a step.
Early life and career.
Roger Sainsbury was born in Hitchin in Hertfordshire. From 1959 to 1962 he read engineering at Keble College, Oxford, and then began his career as a designer at consultants Rendel, Palmer and Tritton. In 1966 he joined Mowlem and a year later was promoted to lead the team designing Immingham oil terminal, a design-and-construct undertaking. The project ran into difficulty owing to flow-induced oscillation of the tubular piles – a phenomenon capable of destroying major structures, never before encountered. Sainsbury led a multi-skilled team in solving the problem.
Sainsbury also worked as project engineer and later as project director on the construction of the Natwest Tower which was completed in 1980. For this project he devised a 36m-high temporary propping system that automatically adjusted itself to compensate for changing compression and thermal strains. Sainsbury was subsequently promoted to director of Mowlem. With a colleague he was named joint winner of the 1979 "Construction News" Man of the Year award for his work on the tower.
During this time the company was working on a renovation of a London town house. Sainsbury received a legal letter from a neighbouring property complaining about noise disturbance that ended: "In considering your response, we think you should be aware that our client is British Petroleum and that this house is the chairman's London residence. We mean what we say". Sainsbury's reply ended "In considering your response, we think you should be aware that our client is HRH The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia". The matter was dropped by British Petroleum.
In 1982 Sainsbury was promoted to become a director of the main board of Mowlem. He had responsibility for approving the company's bids for the construction of the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge at the Dartford Crossing (opened 1991) and the Manchester Metrolink (opened 1992). He was involved in the decision-making process to increase the length of the runway at London City Airport to allow its use by the British Aerospace 146 regional jet, despite having little airport experience, the project was completed in 1992. The airport project, which Sainsbury bid for and won, was commercially unsuccessful for Mowlem, and Sainsbury left the company in 1995. He subsequently became more involved in the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE).
Institution of Civil Engineers.
Sainsbury campaigned for new safety standards for linkways following the September 1994 Prins Filip ferry disaster in which a collapse killed six people at the Port of Ramsgate. He joined former ICE president David Green in a campaign for funding from the government that was still ongoing in 2000. He also served as a judge for the "Construction News" Quality in Construction Awards. Sainsbury was chairman of the ICE's commercial arm, Thomas Telford (Holdings), in 1995 and supported the sale of the magazine publishing business.
Sainsbury was elected president of the ICE for the November 1998 to November 1999 session. He was elected the same year as the institution brought in a new director-general. Sainsbury stated that this focus would be on implementing the 200 recommendations of the previous presidential commission and to strengthen the local associations and communications with members. His official ICE portrait was painted by Christian Furr. Sainsbury undertook official ICE tours of West and South Asia in February and March 1999, which included visits to Manila, Delhi, Dhaka and Pakistan, and to Spain and Portugal in September and October. In October 1999 Sainsbury issued a written warning to ICE vice president (and future president) Mark Whitby for bringing the profession into disrepute. Whitby had written a column in the ICE's "New Civil Engineer" magazine criticising ICE Transport Board chairman David Bayliss for comments reported in the national press "blaming others" for the past errors of municipal engineers. Whitby later voiced his frustration at the "irrelevance" of the "old-fashioned" ICE.
Sainsbury became involved in controversy after the end of his presidency. In April 2000 he was present at an ICE Council meeting that discussed the amalgamation of the previous incorporated engineer class of membership with that of full members. Incorporated engineers had previously only been able to hold associate membership. The class provided for those engineers who did not meet the new requirement of a master's degree for chartered engineer status. However previously chartered engineers were allowed to retain their status, many of them only holding a bachelor's degree. As such it was proposed that the incorporated engineers be permitted to use the "MICE" member's post-nominals in recognition that their qualification was the same level as that of many existing members. The distinction between Incorporated Engineer (IEng) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) post-nominals would remain.
At the meeting Sainsbury spoke out against the move saying "it takes away from the Institution and drives at the heart of the Institution". At the September 2000 full council debate on the issue he stated "I agree with the need to attract good quality people into the Institution. But the letters MICE will no longer designate the professional standard of the holder. We have set aside the original intention of raising the standard of MICE". The decision was passed by council, who also voted not to put the decision to a full ballot of all members. Sainsbury, one of the ICE's most senior fellows, was supported in his opposition by David Green.
In February 2001 Sainsbury became the first past president to resign his membership of the institution in its history (the ICE was founded in 1818 and the first president elected in 1820). He gave the reason for his resignation as the irregular conduct of a membership ballot. He had also instructed lawyers to oppose the implementation of the decision. The then president, Joe Dwyer, who supported the changes, stated that he was "personally disappointed" by the resignation which he thought had been made for a "misplaced" reason.
Personal life.
Sainsbury is married to Susan. In 2014 the couple presented a new college register - which is signed by all matriculating students - to his alma mater, the previous and first register having been filled after 145 years. Sainsbury has a reputation as being an intellectual of the contracting industry, being a fan of the theatre and also having toured Europe in search of rare orchids. Sainsbury himself stated that "I don't think I fit people's normal image of a contractor". He is active in his local church. He is a board member and former Chair of Hampstead Garden Opera.


Meyer Solomon

Michael (Meyer) Solomon was a successful Bishopsgate manufacturer, and was one of the first Jews to be admitted to the freedom of the City of London.
Solomon's family arrived in England from Europe, possibly Holland or Germany, sometime at the end of the eighteenth century.
His wife's name was Catherine (Kate) Levy, and he was the father of eight children. Three of these—Abraham, Rebecca, and Simeon—became notable painters, their other children were named Aaron, Betsy, Isaac, Ellen, and Sylvester.
Solomon lived among a well established Jewish community, in No. 3 Sandys Street, Bishopsgate, London, and his considerable wealth allowed him to be accepted by London society while maintaining their heritage. His business concern was as a manufacturer of Leghorn hats.
Solomon as a freemason, having joined the Premier Grand Lodge of England.


Doughton Park

Doughton Park (Doughton Recreational Area) is the largest recreation area the National Park Service manages on the Blue Ridge Parkway. It is located between mile markers 238.5 - 244.7 and at 36° 30' 59.0394" N, -81° 8' 40.92" W. The park is named after North Carolina politician Robert L. Doughton.
Trails.
The park contains over 30 miles of trails:
Basin Creek Trail: Accessible only from the Grassy Gap Fire Road, the trail winds past cascading waterfalls to the century-old Caudill Cabin, former home of the Martin Caudill family. Part of the once thriving Basin Cove community, this cabin was one of the few structures that withstood the devastating 1916 flood.
The hike to and from Caudill Cabin is an all-day hike, so hikers should allow plenty of time. If hiking from the Grassy Gap Fire Road trailhead on Longbottom Road (see below), plan on 4 hours to hike to the cabin and 3 hours to hike back to your car.
Bluff Mountain Trail: The moderate trail offers many scenic vistas and traverses relatively level terrain. The trail runs near the Parkway and is accessible from many locations along its route from Brinegar Cabin to Basin Cove Overlook.
Bluff Ridge Primitive Trail: At , this is the park's shortest but steepest route into Basin Cove, from the Parkway. The very strenuous climb up the trail makes the hike seem much longer than it is.
Cedar Ridge Trail: Beginning near Brinegar Cabin, the trail descends a forested ridgeline to the Grassy Gap Fire Road, as it skirts the northern side of Doughton Park's "V-shaped" boundary. The elevation change is more than 2,000 feet.
Flat Rock Ridge Trail: The trail begins on the mountain-top meadow at Basin Cove Overlook and ends on the damp, cool banks of Basin Cove Creek alongside the Grassy Gap Fire Road. The Trail offers glimpses of rugged mountain slopes that attracted and challenged early settlers.
Fodder Stack Trail: This round trip hike, shows off its delicate display of wildflowers in spring and rewards hikers year-round with the varied hues and fragrances of mixed pine and hardwood forest. Most of the trail is easy to moderate, with a short steep section at the start. The trail represents a cross-section of Parkway environments.
Grassy Gap Fire Road: This old fire road is a leaf-covered lane, wide enough for hikers or horseback riders to travel side-by-side. The trail starts at Milepost 243.9 and ambles down the mountainside past the primitive campground to Longbottom Road (SR 1730). This is the only trail in the park open to horseback riders, and they must enter and exit the park from Longbottom Road.
The trail access from Longbottom Road is a convenient place to begin hikes on several of these trails, though it can be difficult to find. Exit the Parkway at Milepost 248.1 and drive 5.9 miles along NC 18 towards North Wilkesboro. Turn left onto the paved road across from two old white buildings (this road is supposedly NC 1728, aka Longbottom Road, though there may not be a sign) and drive 6.3 miles until you cross a small bridge across Basin Creek. The parking area is on the right side of the road and the trail access is on the left.
Mountains-to-Sea Trail: Commonly called the MST, this long-distance trail passes through the park, as it transverses North Carolina from the Great Smoky Mountains to the Outer Banks. The MST runs concurrently with the Bluff Mountain Trail for most of its length through the park.
Caudill Cabin.
The main attraction is the remains of an old homestead located in the base of the valley.


Lorenzo da Pavia

Lorenzo da Pavia (died 1517) was an Italian musical instrument maker, active in Venice in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. He corresponded with Isabella d'Este, advising her on her studiolo in Mantua and producing a 1496 virginal for her.


Jacob Gross

Jacob Gross (July 26, 1819 – 1899) was born in Württemberg, Germany. Considered an expert piano maker of the old school, he learned his trade in Stuttgart and afterwards worked in some of the leading factories of Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Paris. Going to America in 1848, he familiarized himself with the methods prevailing there, working in Troy, New York then going to Baltimore. He worked for Charles Stieff in the Steiff Piano Factory from 1856, and on Christmas Day 1860 he married Catharina Christiana Stieff (1833–1906), Charles' daughter. His joining the Stieff family business was an excellent combination: the professional musician and businessman, Steiff, supported by the artistic piano maker and factory expert, Gross. When Charles died, the business was continued successfully by his sons, Charles Jr. and Frederick P. Stieff. The technical management of the factories transferred to the hands of Jacob's son Charles, who he had trained to be his replacement.