Krishna Gopal Saxena

Krishna Gopal Saxena (1912–2003) was an Indian homoeopathic physician. Born on 25 September 1912 in Delhi, he did his schooling at Karachi and Ambala and graduated in homoeopathic medicine from the Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College.
Saxena was the first Honorary Advisor of the Homoeopathic Reference Committee, constituted by the Government of India in 1952 and served as the honorary physician to Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first president of India. He held the chair of the Homoeopathic Advisory Committee of Government of Delhi from 1994 to 1999. A winner of N. C. Chakravarty Memorial National award and President of Honour award from the International Homoeopathy Congress, he was honoured by the Government of India in 1969, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his contributions to the society.
Saxena died in October 2003, survived by his wife, Sakuntala Devi.


Joe Seng

Joe M. Seng (September 27, 1946 – September 16, 2016) was the Iowa State Senator from the 45th District. A Democrat, he served in the Iowa Senate from 2003 until 2016. He received a DVM from Iowa State University and worked as a veterinarian in Davenport, running a veterinary clinic for low income families.
, Seng served on several committees in the Iowa Senate - the Commerce, Ethics, and Natural Resources and Environment committees. He also served as chair of the Agriculture Committee and as vice chair of the Ways and Means Committee, as well as serving as a member of the Economic Development Appropriations Subcommittee. Before serving in the Senate, Seng served as the 43rd District representative in the Iowa House of Representatives from 2000 to 2002 and served as an alderman in Davenport. Seng died in office on September 16, 2016, from brain cancer.


Judi Aubel

Judith "Judi" Aubel () is an American community health specialist, social entrepreneur and the executive director of The Grandmother Project, a non-profit that works to improve the lives of women and children by focusing on grandmothers.
Career.
She was a Peace Corps volunteer in the Ivory Coast and worked in international development for 20 years before starting The Grandmother Project - Change through Culture in 2005.
The Grandmother Project involves various categories of community members, but focuses on involving the "culturally-designated family advisors on all of these issues, i.e. the grandmothers." The goal of grandmother inclusion is to acknowledge their role, increase their knowledge and strengthen their role as catalyzers of change within the community.
Aubel has built Grandmother Project with a small team of very committed Senegalese professionals and continues to do cutting edge work to address deeply-rooted social problems.
The program has developed an innovative approach to leverage the influential role of grandmothers in families and communities, related to all issues concerning women and children, and especially girls, including: girls’ education, child marriage, teen pregnancy, female genital mutilation, early childhood development, maternal and child health, etc.
She received the Hero award from Trust Women, a joint venture of the Thomas Reuters Foundation and the "International Herald Tribune".
Aubel was a 2012 Ashoka Fellow. In 2016, Aubel was a 2016 BBC 100 Women laureate.
Her review of the literature relating to the role grandmothers play in mother and child nutrition and health was published in the journal "Maternal and Child Nutrition".


James E. McClellan

James E. McClellan (March 22, 1926 – November 26, 2016) was an American veterinarian and politician.
Born in Frederick, Maryland, McClellan served in the United States Army during World War II. He went to University of Maryland and then received his bachelor's degree in veterinary medicine from University of Georgia in 1955. McClellan practiced veterinarian medicine in Frederick, Maryland. He served on the Frederick city council. From 1978 to 1994, McClellan served in the Maryland House of Delegates and was a Democrat. McClellan died in Frederick, Maryland.


Venedikt Yerofeyev

Venedikt Vasilyevich Yerofeyev, also Benedict Erofeev or Erofeyev (; 24 October 1938 in Niva-3 settlement, suburb of Kandalaksha – 11 May 1990 in Moscow) was a Russian writer and Soviet dissident.
Biography.
Yerofeyev was born in the maternity hospital of Niva-3 by Kandalaksha, Murmansk Oblast, a settlement of "special settlers" employed in the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Niva River. The record made in his birth certificate declares his birthplace to be his parents' place of residence: Chupa railway station, Loukhsky District, Karelian ASSR.
His father was imprisoned during Great Purges but survived 16 years in the gulags. Most of Yerofeyev's childhood was spent in Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast. He managed to enter the philology department of the Moscow State University but was expelled from the university after a year and a half because he did not attend compulsory military training. Later he studied in several more institutes in different towns, including Kolomna and Vladimir, but he never managed to graduate from any, usually being expelled due to his "amoral behaviour".
Between 1958 and 1975, Yerofeyev lived without propiska in various towns in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania, also spending some time in Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan, doing different low-level and underpaid jobs; for a time he lived and worked in the Muromtsev Dacha in Moscow. He started writing at the age of 17; in the 1960s he unsuccessfully submitted several articles on Ibsen and Hamsun to literary magazines.
Literary legacy.
Yerofeyev is best known for his 1969 "poem in prose" (ironical assignment of the genre) "Moscow-Petushki" (several English translations exist, including "Moscow to the End of the Line" and "Moscow Stations"). It is an account of a journey from Moscow to Petushki (Vladimir Oblast) by electric train, one of many futile attempts to visit his small son: each time such a journey becomes soaked in alcohol and fails. During the trip, the hero becomes involved in philosophical discussions about drinking, recounts some of the fantastic escapades he participated in, including declaring war on Norway, charting the drinking statistics of his colleagues when leader of a cable-laying crew, and obsessing about the woman he loves.
Referred to by David Remnick as "the comic high-water mark of the Brezhnev era", the poem was published for the first time in 1973 in a Russian-language magazine in Jerusalem. It was not published in the Soviet Union until 1989.
Of note is his smaller 1988 work "My Little Leniniana" (Моя маленькая лениниана, Moya malenkaya Leniniana), which is a collection of quotations from Lenin's works and letters, which shows the unpleasant parts of the character of the "leader of the proletariat". Alexander Bondarev tells the story of its origin.
Yerofeyev also claimed to have written in 1972 a novel "Shostakovich" about the famous Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich, but the manuscript was allegedly stolen in a train. The novel has never been found. Before his death of throat cancer Yerofeyev finished a play called "Walpurgisnacht, or the Steps of the Commander" ("Вальпургиева ночь или Шаги командора") and was working on another play about Fanny Kaplan.
Personal life and Death.
Venedikt Yerofeyev was married twice. Firstly, to Valentina Vasilevna Zimakova and then Galina Pavlovna Nosova.
In 1966 Yerofeyev's wife, Valentina Zimakova gave birth to a son - Venedikt Venediktovich Yerofeyev. Galina Nosova died three years after Yerofeyev - having thrown herself off the balcony of her 13th floor apartment in Moscow.
In 1985 Yerofeyev was diagnosed with throat cancer. Doctors operated on him, after which he could only speak using an Electrolarynx. A film was made about Moskva-Petushki in the last years of Yerofeyev's life and he can be seen speaking with the help of this apparatus.
Yerofeyev died five years after he was first diagnosed with the disease, on 11 May 1990, at the Russian Oncological Centre in Moscow. He is buried in Kuntsevsky cemetery.


American College of Medical Toxicology

The American College of Medical Toxicology is a professional association of medical toxicologists that was founded in 1993. Its aim is to support quality medical care for persons exposed to potentially harmful chemicals (whether medications, drugs of abuse, workplace or environmental toxins, or bioterrorism agents), and to provide training and insight to the physicians who provide this care.
History.
Timeline of the organization:
Activities.
The organization maintains the Toxicology Investigators Consortium database that catalogs HIPAA-compliant data regarding the clinical management of poisoned patients.
Journal.
The ACMT publishes the peer-reviewed medical journal "Journal of Medical Toxicology".


Edmund von Neusser

Edmund von Neusser (1 December 1852 Swoszowice – 30 July 1912, Bad Fischau) was an Austrian internist of Polish origin.
He studied medicine in Kraków and Vienna, earning his medical doctorate in 1877. At the University of Vienna, he was a student of epidemiologist Anton Drasche. Beginning in 1880, he spent several years as an assistant to Heinrich von Bamberger in Vienna, afterwards being named primary physician at the "Rudolfspital" (1889). In 1893 he became a full professor and director of the second medical clinic in Vienna.
He specialized in disorders of the blood, circulatory system, liver and adrenal glands, and was considered an excellent diagnostician. In 1892, the "Neusserplatz" in Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus (15th District of Vienna) was named in his honor, and in 1905 he was elevated to Austrian nobility.


European Softball Federation

The European Softball Federation (Fédération Européenne Softball, ESF), is the governing body of softball within Europe. The ESF was founded in 1976 with 6 members, which were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Spain. Currently, there are 33 affiliated National Federations.
The Federation is responsible for operation of the European Women's Softball Championship, European Men's Softball Championship and the Co-Ed Slowpitch European Championships for national senior teams.
The Federation is responsible for operation of the European Junior Girls Softball Championship, European Junior Boys softball Championship, European Cadet Girls Softball Championship and the European Minime Girls Softball Championship for junior national teams.
The Federation is responsible for operation of the European Women's Cup Championship, European Women's Cup Winners Cup Championship, European Men's Cup Championship, European Men's Cup Winners Cup Championship, Co-Ed Slowpitch European Championships and the Co-Ed Slowpitch European Super Cup for club teams. Starting in 2012, the two ESF men's club championships have merged into the European Men's Super Cup Championship.


George Baerveldt

George Baerveldt, M.B.Ch.B., is a Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of California, Irvine.
Baerveldt developed and currently holds four patents related to the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant, a device for the drainage of excess fluid from the eye in complex cases of glaucoma.
Professor Baerveldt is also one of the inventors of the Trabectome, a device for minimally-invasive glaucoma surgery.


Chandre Gowda

Chandre Gowda is the former head of the Department of Forensic Medicine in the Bangalore Medical College and Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College.


Arvid Afzelius

Arvid Afzelius (1857–1923) was a Swedish dermatologist.
As a student at the Karolinska institutet, Afzelius studied under the prominent dermatologist Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902) in Vienna. Kaposi has now become a household name because "his" sarcoma is a common lesion in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
In a 1909 meeting of the Swedish Society of Dermatology, Arvid Afzelius presented research about an expanding, ring like lesion he had observed. Afzelius published his work 12 years later and speculated that the rash came from the bite of an Ixodes tick. This rash, now known as erythema migrans, is an early indication of Lyme disease.
Borrelia afzelii, one of the Borrelia species that is an agent of Lyme disease, is named in his honor.


Davis Evan Bedford

Brigadier Davis Evan Bedford (1898–1978) was a British physician and cardiologist.
After education at Ipswich School and at Epsom College, D. Evan Bedford entered the Middlesex Hospital Medical School in 1916. In 1918 he became a surgeon sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) and in 1919 resumed his medical training, graduating in 1921 MB BS (Lond.) and qualifying MRCS, LRCP. After resident appointments at the Middlesex Hospital, he was appointed medical officer in charge of the cardiac wards at the Orpington Hospital belonging to the Ministry of Pensions. In 1925 he graduated MD. At the Orpington Hospital, he was influenced by John Parkinson and in 1925–1926 pursued postgraduate study in France.
Returning from France, Bedford in 1926 was appointed Paterson Research Scholar at the London Hospital and assistant physician to the Middlesex Hospital. At the Cardiac Club he became a member in 1928 and was the Club's secretary from 1932 to 1936. In 1931 he was elected FRCP. In 1933 he was appointed physician to outpatients at the National Heart Hospital. With J. Maurice Campbell, Bedford was the co-editor of the "British Heart Journal" from 1939 to 1947 when he resigned.
When WWII ended, D. Evan Bedford resumed his appointments at the Middlesex Hospital and the National Heart Hospital and established a large private practice in cardiology. In the post WWII era, cardiac catherisation and angiocardiography helped to revolutionise cardiac surgery. Evan Bedford and William Somerville worked closely with cardiac surgeons such as Thomas Holmes Sellors and Russell Brock.
Bedford was appointed in 1946 the Bradshaw Lecturer, in 1960 the Lumleian Lecturer, and in 1968 the Harveian Orator. He was president from 1960 to 1964 of the British Cardiac Society and was in 1963 appointed CBE. He was intimately familiar with the history of cardiology and often quoted from memory such sources as Rokitansky’s "Die Defecte der Scheidewande des Herzens", Lower’s "Tractatus de Corde", or the writings of the Irish Victorians, Adams, Stokes and Corrigan.
He collected a private library of over 1000 books which he donated in 1971 to the Royal College of Physicians. According to Peter Robert Fleming, the Bedford collection is an indispensable and comprehensive resource for historians of cardiology.
In 1935 in Marylebone, London, he married Audrey Selina Ely (b. 1902), daughter of Milton Victor Ely (b. 1873), chair of the Board of Governors of the National Heart Hospital. Evan and Audrey Bedford had two sons.


Barry Lester

Barry M. Lester is an American psychiatrist, currently a professor at Brown University. He is a Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Psychological Association.


Pseudomonas infection

"Pseudomonas" infection refers to a disease caused by one of the species of the genus "Pseudomonas".
"P. aeruginosa" is an opportunistic human pathogen, most commonly affecting immunocompromised patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis or AIDS. Infection can affect many parts of the body, but infections typically target the respiratory tract (e.g. patients with CF or those on mechanical ventilation), causing bacterial pneumonia. In a surveillance study between 1986 and 1989, P. aeruginosa was the third leading cause of all nosocomial infections, and specifically the number one leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and third leading cause of hospital-acquired UTI. Treatment of such infections can be difficult due to multiple antibiotic resistance, and in the United States, there was an increase in MDRPA (Multidrug-resistant "Pseudomonas aeruginosa") resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and aminoglycosides, from 0.9% in 1994 to 5.6% in 2002.
"P. oryzihabitans" can also be a human pathogen, although infections are rare. It can cause peritonitis, endophthalmitis, sepsis and bacteremia. Similar symptoms although also very rare can be seen by infections of "P. luteola".
"P. plecoglossicida" is a fish pathogenic species, causing hemorrhagic ascites in the ayu ("Plecoglossus altivelis"). "P. anguilliseptica" is also a fish pathogen.
Due to their hemolytic activity, even non-pathogenic species of "Pseudomonas" can occasionally become a problem in clinical settings, where they have been known to infect blood transfusions.


Joseph Bernard Dawson

Sir Joseph Bernard Dawson (8 April 1883 – 17 August 1965) was a New Zealand gynaecologist. He was born in Erdington, Warwickshire, England, on 8 April 1883.
In the 1948 New Year Honours, Dawson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.


John Gunion Rutherford

John Gunion Rutherford (December 25, 1857 – July 24, 1923) was a Canadian veterinarian, civil servant, and politician.
Born in Mountain Cross, Newlands Parish, Peeblesshire, Scotland, the son of Rev. Robert Rutherford, Rutherford was educated at the High
School in Glasgow and by private tuition. He emigrated to Canada in 1875 and took a course at the Ontario Agricultural College and afterwards attended the Ontario Veterinary College, graduating in 1879 with the rank of gold medalist. Settling in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, he was President of the Manitoba Liberal Printing Company and the owner of a large veterinary infirmary. During the North-West Rebellion in 1885, Rutherford served with the Winnipeg Field Battery as a Veterinary Surgeon, and was present at the engagements of Fish Creek and Batoche, for which he received the medal and clasp.
In 1892, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the electoral district of Lakeside. A Manitoba Liberal, he served until 1896. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1897 by-election for the electoral district of Macdonald. A Liberal, he was defeated in 1900. He was appointed Dominion Veterinary Director-General in 1902 and Dominion Livestock Commissioner in 1906. In 1912, he was appointed Superintendent of Agriculture and Animal Industry for the Canadian Pacific Railway.
He was president of the American Veterinary Medical Association from 1908 to 1909. From 1918 until his death in 1923, he was a Board of Railway Commissioner and Transport Commissioner.
He was appointed CMG in the 1910 Birthday Honours.


Inferior pulvinar nucleus

Inferior pulvinar nucleus ("nucleus pulvinaris inferior") is one of four traditionally anatomically distinguished nuclei of the pulvinar of the thalamus. The other three nuclei of the pulvinar are called lateral, anterior and medial pulvinar nuclei.
Clinical significance.
Lesions of the inferior pulvinar nucleus can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.


Leaky scanning

Leaky scanning is a mechanism used during the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation that enables regulation of gene expression. During initiation, the small 40S ribosomal subunit (as a 43S PIC) "scans" or moves in a 5' --> 3' direction along the 5'UTR to locate a start codon to commence elongation. Sometimes, the scanning ribosome bypasses the initial AUG start codon and begins translation at further downstream AUG start codons. Translation in eukaryotic cells according to most scanning mechanisms occurs at the AUG start codon proximal to the 5' end of mRNA; however, the scanning ribosome may encounter an “unfavorable nucleotide context” around the start codon and continue scanning.
There are certain instances where initiation has been found to occur upstream at a non-AUG codon. Eukaryotic genes containing consistent G-C rich leader sequences are frequently observed performing this mechanism. It is hypothesized that scanning is slowed due to a secondary structure which allows for the binding of Met-tRNA with the mismatch codon.
Several viruses use a leaky scanning mechanism to produce vital proteins which implies that leaky scanning is not a consequence of inadequacy, but instead allows viruses to overcome the high selective pressures of competing with their hosts. Molecular biologists are narrowing the search of the ideal nucleotide environment for initiation of translation, and the mechanisms by which viruses replicate.
Discovery.
Through several studies Marilyn Kozak was the first to recognize the main role of scanning during initiation of translation in mammalian cells. The AUG codon in mammals is optimally recognized by the context GCCRCCAUGG, also known as a “Kozak Consensus Sequence.” Purine (R) and each of the nucleotides within this sequence are highly conserved and provide an important function in recognition and initiation of translation for many 40S ribosomal subunits. With an optimal context at an AUG start codon, ribosomes will begin initiation at that point. A weak context occurs when the sequences adjacent to the AUG start codon has deviated from the consensus sequence. A few ribosomes will still initiate translation in the weak location, but the majority will perform leaky scanning and initiate downstream. As a consequence, different proteins are likely to be produced.


List of defunct medical schools in the United States

This list of defunct medical schools in the United States includes former medical schools that previously awarded either the Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree, either of which is required to become a physician in the United States. MD-granting medical schools are accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, while DO-granting medical schools are accredited by the American Osteopathic Association Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation.


Vermont Medical Society

The Vermont Medical Society is the professional organization for physicians in the U.S. state of Vermont. Founded in 1813, the organization provides service to physicians in the form of information, and lobbies the Vermont General Assembly on regulatory issues affecting its membership.


John Bancroft (sexologist)

Dr John H.J. Bancroft (born 1936) is a physician who was Director of The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction at Indiana University from 1995 to 2004. He was a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Indiana University School of Medicine.
Bancroft received his B.A. in 1960 and his M.D. in 1970 from the Cambridge University. Bancroft was succeeded as Director of the Kinsey Institute in 2004 by Julia Heiman.


Samuel Eisenmenger

Samuel Eisenmenger (28 September 1534 – 28 February 1585) was a German physician, theologian and astronomer. He was Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tübingen in 1557–1568.
Life.
As the son of Johann Eisenmenger, pastor in Bretten, he attended the city school of his hometown. In 1551, he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg . Here he was, supported by Philipp Melanchthon , Baccalaureus, moved to the University of Heidelberg and the University of Tübingen, where he obtained a Master's degree on January 21, 1554. In 1557 he was appointed as successor to Philipp Imsser in the professorship of Mathematics and Astronomy at the University of Tübingen, together with Johann Scheubel.
Eisenmenger was the personal physician of the Bishop of Speyer, the Margrave of Baden, the Archbishop of Cologne and the Bishop of Strasbourg.
He edited the work of Paracelsus and published works on the application of astrology in medicine.


Yersiniosis

Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus "Yersinia". In the United States, most yersiniosis infections among humans are caused by "Yersinia enterocolitica".
Infection with " Y. enterocolitica" occurs most often in young children. The infection is thought to be contracted through the consumption of undercooked meat products, unpasteurized milk, or water contaminated by the bacteria. It has been also sometimes associated with handling raw chitterlings.
Another bacterium of the same genus, "Yersinia pestis", is the cause of Plague.
Signs and symptoms.
Infection with "Y. enterocolitica" can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the age of the person infected. Common symptoms in children are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which is often bloody. Symptoms typically develop 4 to 7 days after exposure and may last 1 to 3 weeks or longer. In older children and adults, right-sided abdominal pain and fever may be the predominant symptoms, and may be confused with appendicitis. In a small proportion of cases, complications such as skin rash, joint pains, ileitis, erythema nodosum, and sometimes sepsis, acute arthritis or the spread of bacteria to the bloodstream (bacteremia) can occur.
Diagnosis.
Phage typing of bacterial culture or antibodies for F-antigen.
Treatment.
Treatment for gastroenteritis due to "Y. enterocolitica" is not needed in the majority of cases. Severe infections with systemic involvement (sepsis or bacteremia) often requires aggressive antibiotic therapy; the drugs of choice are doxycycline and an aminoglycoside. Alternatives include cefotaxime, fluoroquinolones, and co-trimoxazole.


Schizencephaly

Schizencephaly () is a rare birth defect characterized by abnormal clefts lined with grey matter that form the ependyma of the cerebral ventricles to the pia mater. These clefts can occur bilaterally or unilaterally. Common clinical features of this malformation include epilepsy, motor deficits, and psychomotor retardation.
Presentation.
Schizencephaly can be distinguished from porencephaly by the fact that in schizencephaly, the fluid-filled component is entirely lined by heterotopic grey matter, while a porencephalic cyst is lined mostly by white matter. Individuals with clefts in both hemispheres, or bilateral clefts, are often developmentally delayed and have delayed speech and language skills and corticospinal dysfunction. Individuals with smaller, unilateral clefts (clefts in one hemisphere) may be weak or paralyzed on one side of the body and may have average or near-average intelligence. Patients with schizencephaly may also have varying degrees of microcephaly, Cognitive impairment, hemiparesis (weakness or paralysis affecting one side of the body), or quadriparesis (weakness or paralysis affecting all four extremities), and may have reduced muscle tone (hypotonia). Most patients have seizures, and some may have hydrocephalus.
Causes.
In schizencephaly, the neurons border the edge of the cleft, implying a very early disruption of the usual grey matter migration during embryogenesis. The cause of the disruption is not known, but likely the cause may be either genetic or a physical insult, such as infection, infarction, hemorrhage, in utero stroke, exposure to a toxin, or mutation. It is thought that normal neuron migration during the second trimester of intrauterine development, when primitive neuron precursors (germinal matrix) migrate from just beneath the ventricular ependyma to the peripheral hemispheres where they form the cortical grey matter.
Genetic.
There was once thought to be a genetic association with the "EMX2" gene, although this theory has recently lost support. However it has been confirmed that mutations in the "COL4A1" gene occur in some patients with schizencephaly.
In utero infections.
Schizencephaly may also be caused by environmental toxin exposure during pregnancy, infection during pregnancy (such as Cytomegalovirus), or a vascular insult. Often there are additional associated heterotopias (isolated islands of neurons) which indicate a failure of migration of the neurons to their final position in the brain caused by possible stroke.
Treatment.
Treatment for individuals with schizencephaly generally consists of physical therapy (KG-ZNS with Vojta Methode), occupational therapy (with specific emphasis on neuro-developmental therapy techniques), treatment for seizures, and, in cases that are complicated by hydrocephalus, a shunt.
Prognosis.
The prognosis for individuals with schizencephaly varies depending on the size of the clefts and the degree of neurological deficit.
Frequency.
In some cases, the defect is linked to mutations of the EMX2, SIX3, and Collagen, type IV, alpha 1 genes. Because having a sibling with schizencephaly has been statistically shown to increase risk of the disorder, it is possible that there is a heritable genetic component to the disease.
References.
9.^ Herrera Ortiz, A., & Ortiz Sandoval, H. (2021). Open Lip Schizencephaly: A Case Report. Revista Cuarzo, 26(2), 27-29. https://doi.org/10.26752/cuarzo.v26.n2.510


Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus

The intralaminar nuclei are collections of neurons in the thalamus that are generally divided in two groups as follows:
Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus.
Degeneration of this area can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease.


Indian Army Remount and Veterinary Corps

The Remount and Veterinary Corps is an administrative and operational branch of the Indian Army, and one of its oldest formations. It is responsible for breeding, rearing and training of all animals used in the army.
History.
The corps was initially raised in Bengal in 1779 as the 'Stud Department'. The Army Veterinary Corps was officially established on 14 December 1920. The partition in 1947 led to the division of the assets of the Veterinary and Military Farms corporations in a 2:1 ratio for the Indian and Pakistani armies. The combined Remount, Veterinary and Farms Corporation separated as independent corps in May 1960.
The veterinary corps provided veterinary cover to animals in World War I, and saw action in Palestine and Russia. They were initially allowed to carry only Kukris as weapons, but since World War II, they have been allowed to use all normal weapons including rifles and bayonets. In April 1985, the breeding base of RVC was expanded from 2700 to 3973 animals, to attain self-sufficiency in animal production.
Karnataka’s Mudhol Hound, an Indian dog breed, is being trained to serve in the Indian Army, making it the First Indian Dog Breed to be trained for Army Duty
RVC established the Zanskar Pony Breeding and Training Centre in Ladakh, which at 3146 m above sea level has been declared as the highest Stud farm in the world by the Limca Book of Records. The Centre is involved in breeding Zaniskari ponies for use by the army in high altitudes.
Humanitarian Assistance.
RVC has also been involved in providing veterinary assistance to rural areas in Jammu and Kashmir and North East India under Project Sadbhavana. The corps has also been associated with passing on their expertise and training veterinary students of the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu. RVC has also provided assistance as part of the Indian contingent in many UN missions across the world.


Urogenital tuberculosis

Urogenital tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that affects the urogenital system.
Symptoms.
However, the infection arises insidiously, being potentially asymptomatic for a long period of time.
Complications.
Urogenital tuberculosis may cause strictures of the ureter, which, however, may heal when infection is treated.
Pathogenesis.
The infection may affect the kidneys, ureter and bladder and may cause significant damage to each.
Epidemiology.
It usually strikes young adults with tuberculosis in other places of the body as well. It is common in Asia, but less common in sub-Saharan Africa.


Andrew Hayward

Andrew C Hayward, MBBS, BSc, MSc, DTMH, MD, FPHM, , (born April 1966) is professor of infectious disease epidemiology and inclusion health research at University College London.
Hayward was one of the founders of "Flu Watch" in 2006, designed to understand transmission of influenza in the general community. As well as continuing surveillance it has provided data for modelling flu epidemiology. Previously, models were based data from the USA between 1948 and 1981 that was collected in very different social, travel and community settings. Participant households in England were invited to join after being selected at random from the lists of volunteer general practitioners.
Awards.
In 2017 he was awarded the UCL Student Choice Award for Outstanding Post Graduate Research Supervision.


Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University

Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University () is the oldest and largest medical school and oldest of any kind of university faculty in Thailand. The faculty is now part of Mahidol University. Founded in 1889, the faculty was run in co-operation with Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Thailand, which provided the students the clinical experiences. The faculty's campus and hospital is in the Bangkok Noi District, Bangkok, on the former Rear Palace. The medical school accepts about 250 students for the undergraduate education and more than 100 to postgraduate studies each year.
The logo of the Siriraj Hospital and Medical School is the Naga curled into a shape of "ศ" (pronounce as "Sor-Sala"), the first Thai alphabet of the hospital name with the Royal Diadem on top of the Naga.
History.
Siriraj Hospital, the first public hospital in Siam, was founded in 1888 under commissions and subsidy of King Chulalongkorn, named after the deceased Prince Siriraj Kakudhabhand. However, the modern medical practitioners were still lacking as they refused to come under government's employments. The medical school was established in May 1889 known as Bhatayakorn School ( i.e. School of Medical Practitioners). Any students who finished their Mattayom education were admitted for free for a three-year course. The school was originally taught solely by George McFarland. On May 1, 1893, King Chulalongkorn changed the name of the school to Rajapaethayalai ( i.e. Royal Medical College) with McFarland as the first director of the school. The school facilities and the dormitories were constructed.
In 1903, the course was expanded to four years. In 1913, Prince of Chainat, the Deputy Minister of Ministry of Education , added the natural sciences into the curriculum in addition to the medical sciences and the course was expanded to five years. The Traditional Thai Medicine major was abolished in 1915 and instead the Pharmacy major was established. On April 6, 1917, the Rajapaethayalai was annexed to newly founded Chulalongkorn University (founded by Vajiravudh's earlier decree in 1917). The medical school became the Faculty of Medicine of Chulalongkorn University () and was later renamed to Faculty of Medicine and Siriraj Hospital (). At Chulalongkorn University, in 1918, the medical course was expanded to six years - with first four pre-clinical years at the Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Chulalongkorn University and later two clinical years at the Siriraj Faculty.
In 1921, Siam, with Prince Mahidol the "Krom Khun" Songkla as the agent, negotiated with the Rockefeller Foundation to send aids for Siamese medical system and education. Men from Rockefeller reformed the medical education including Prof. A.G.Ellis who introduced pathology. In 1928, the medical certificate were granted to the students for the first time during their graduation. And in 1932, the first postgraduate medical students and first female medical students finished their educations.
As a part of educational reforms under the government led by General Phibun, the Siriraj Faculty of Medicine, along with departments of Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Science, were carved out from Chulalongkorn University and were re-organized into the University of Medical Sciences () on February 7, 1943. In 1958, the Medical Science Preparatory School (now Faculty of Science, Mahidol University) was established and the first-year students had then received preliminary education from that Preparatory School at Phaya Thai. The Siriraj Faculty became one of the several medical schools within the University of Medical Sciences.
On February 21, 1969, an announcement under the name of King Bhumibol Adulyadej declared the name of the medical university to be changed to Mahidol University. The school name was changed to Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital (; deleting the "and"). In 1983, the Salaya campus was completed and the Faculty of Science was partially moved to Salaya campus, so as the education of Siriraj's first-year students.
Under the patronage of Prince Mahidol Adulyadej and support from the Rockefeller Foundation, Siriraj became one of the most advanced medical services and research centers in Thailand and Southeast Asia.
The Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital is one of the two medical schools within Mahidol University. The younger sister is the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University.
Programs.
The faculty now offers five undergraduate programs, ten postgraduate programs, and five doctorate programs.
Apart from regular programs, the Siriraj faculty also offers numerous resident specialty programs, sub-specialty programs, and fellowship programs.
As of the 2018 intake, 302 undergraduate medical students are accepted through a variety of categories
Medical Museum.
Siriraj Hospital has a number of exhibits in a Siriraj Medical Museum that is open from 9 am to 4 pm Monday to Saturday. The bulk of the exhibits are located on the second floor in the hospital's Adulayadejvikrom Building. They include a forensic medicine museum, displaying objects from homicide, suicide and accident cases, such as skulls, bones, skeletons, preserved body parts and organs, including the entire preserved body of a convicted murder. The skeleton of Dr. Songkran Niyomsane, who founded the forensic museum is displayed as well. The exhibit also contains the autopsy instruments that were used in the case of King Ananda Mahidol's mysterious death.
Other exhibitions are devoted to Thai traditional medicine, anatomy, prehistoric artifacts, rare diseases and parasitic organisms.


Susan Stover

Susan Marie Stover is a professor of veterinary anatomy at the University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and director of the J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory. One of the focuses of her wide-ranging research is musculoskeletal injuries in racehorses, particularly catastrophic breakdowns. Her identification of risk factors has resulted in improved early detection and changes to horse training and surgical repair methods. On July 30, 2016, Stover received the Lifetime Excellence in Research Award from the American Veterinary Medical Association. In August 2016, she was selected for induction into the University of Kentucky Equine Research Hall of Fame.
Education and honors.
Stover earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Washington State University in 1976. She then completed an internship and residency in equine surgery at UC Davis. After working in private practice in Washington state, she returned to UC Davis where she became board certified by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons. In 1987, she earned her Ph.D. in comparative pathology, doing orthopedic research into dorsal metacarpal disease in Thoroughbred racehorses, colloquially known as "bucked shins".
In 2010, Washington State University presented Stover with the Distinguished Veterinary Alumnus Award for Excellence in Teaching and Research after two students that she mentored received James Wilson Awards for the Best Equine Publication by a resident or graduate student, in addition to her own distinguished research.
In 2013, UC Davis honored her with the 2013 Alumni Achievement Award "for her contributions to veterinary orthopedic research, particularly toward understanding musculoskeletal injuries of racing horses and improving racetrack safety."
In 2014, she received a Founders Award from the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) in recognition of her wide-ranging orthopedic research, from studies of equine and small animal surgery, to basic bone biology, musculoskeletal diseases and human orthopedics. The ACVS also noted that she had provided clinical training to 26 ACVS residents, was a research advisor for 37 ACVS residents and was an orthopedic research supervisor of 79 graduate academic and 36 DVM students. Of her trainees, 29 went on to hold faculty positions. Colleagues stated: "I believe Dr. Sue Stover's contributions to the advancement of equine musculoskeletal health and injury prevention can only be described as monumental," and "I would consider this level of advanced training to veterinarians and ACVS residents as unparalleled." She was the first female surgeon and ninth overall to be so recognized.
In 2016, Stover received the Lifetime Excellence in Research Award from the American Veterinary Medical Association. "Throughout her distinguished career, Dr. Stover has played a pivotal role in improving our understanding of performance-related injuries in racing horses," said Dr. Joe Kinnarney, president of the AVMA. In August, the University of Kentucky announced that she had been selected for induction into their Equine Research Hall of Fame in Lexington.
, Stover is a Professor at UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, teaching musculoskeletal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathology to veterinary students. She is also the Director of the J. D. Wheat Orthopedic Research Laboratory, and has over 200 research publications.
Catastrophic racing injuries.
Stover is known internationally for her research into equine bone development and its response to repetitive use. In 1994, she published a study on catastrophic breaks of the humerus in racehorses, showing they were most often preceded by stress fractures. She then systematically identified similar stress fractures underlying the development of most performance-related fractures in equine athletes.
Another study showed that the risk of a thoroughbred suffering a catastrophic injury was increased by a factor of 16 if the horse was wearing high toe grabs (a cleat on the front of the horseshoe designed to improve traction) on the front feet. In 2008, the graded stakes committee of the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association adopted a rule that limited the allowable height of toe grabs on racetracks that hold graded stakes races.
In response to the breakdowns of Barbaro and Eight Belles in Triple Crown races, Stover was asked to testify before the House Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection on the topic "Breeding, Drugs and Breakdowns: The State of Thoroughbred Horseracing and the Welfare of the Thoroughbred" in June 2008. She stated that although the rise in breakdowns was "devastating", there were promising initial results from the switch in California to synthetic dirt surfaces. "Given time, I'm optimistic we can prevent many more injuries," she said.
Subsequent data from the Equine Injury Database showed that the synthetic surfaces were significantly safer to racehorses. For the period of January 1, 2009 through January 31, 2013:
Stover helped develop a "track in a box" to see how simulated hoof impacts are affected by different surfaces. Stover said, "In the laboratory, many new factors — for example, new surfaces and horseshoes — can be studied that optimize traction while reducing injury risk. Laboratory studies also control the environmental circumstances, thus avoiding the confounding of the results incurred by the multiple environmental variants in natural racetrack settings." Roughly 50% of catastrophic breakdowns involve the fetlock joint, which connects the pastern and cannon bone. When a hoof strikes a racing surface, there is some slide, which helps reduce impact forces in excess of 10,000 Newtons but increases the risk of hyperextension of the joint. If the slide is too short, fractures of the first phalanx (P1) may result. This happens most frequently on turf and may be associated with studs on the horseshoe. On the other hand, Stover said that "the more hyperextension the fetlock undergoes, the higher the stresses that are put on the structures that are failing. If we can show that certain surfaces minimize hyperextension, they should minimize catastrophic injuries."
Despite the improved safety record, several tracks (including Santa Anita, Del Mar and Keeneland) that installed synthetic surfaces in the mid-2000s had switched back to natural dirt by 2015, a change that made Stover ask, "Are we making decisions based on scientific evidence, or things we don’t know much about?" She added, "From my perspective, synthetic tracks are still safer. If we modify a surface, it affects every horse that’s training or racing, and we have the opportunity to make a difference – a big difference – to those horses."
In addition to racing surface and horseshoeing, Stover helped identify other risk factors for the development of fractures, including:
Her research has helped lead to better early detection, monitoring of at risk-horses and changes to training methods. These include:
Studies directed by her have also led to improvements in surgical repair methods in both large and small animals. She is also involved in research regarding the association between the development of osteoporosis in horses and the inhalation of cytotoxic silicate-laden soil.
Publications.
Stover is the author or co-author of over 200 research publications, including:
Stover has also authored five book chapters:


Charles Clayton Dennie

Charles Clayton Dennie (1883–1971) was an American dermatologist, notable for Dennie-Marfan syndrome and Dennie-Morgan fold.


Pamela B. Davis

Pamela B. Davis is a pediatric pulmonologist specializing in cystic fibrosis research. She has been Dean of the School of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University since 2007. She was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2014.


Robert Batty (physician)

Robert Batty, M.D. (14 December 1763 Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland - 16 November 1849 Fairlight Lodge, Hastings, East Sussex), was an English physician.
Batty was born at Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland. He graduated M.D. at the university of St. Andrews on 30 August 1797, shortly after which he settled in London as obstetric physician. On 30 September 1800, he was admitted by the College of Physicians, a licentiate in midwifery, and on 22 December 1806 a licentiate of the college. He was physician to the Lying-in Hospital, Brownlow Street, and for some years acted as editor of the 'Medical and Physical Journal.' Like his son, Colonel Robert Batty, he was long known as an amateur artist.
His daughter, Elizabeth (1791–1875), was married to Philip Martineau, a Master in Chancery. Their son was the English painter, Robert Braithwaite Martineau (1826–1869).
He spent his last years at Fairlight Lodge, Hastings, where he died on 16 November 1849 at the age of eighty-six. His portrait by Dance was engraved by Daniell.


Hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other. The left hip is more often affected than the right. Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain.
Risk factors for hip dysplasia include family history, certain swaddling practices, and breech birth. If one identical twin is affected, there is a 40% risk the other will also be affected. Screening all babies for the condition by physical examination is recommended. Ultrasonography may also be useful.
Many of those with mild instability resolve without specific treatment. In more significant cases, if detected early, bracing may be all that is required. In cases that are detected later, surgery and casting may be needed. About 7.5% of hip replacements are done to treat problems which have arisen from hip dysplasia.
About 1 in 1,000 babies have hip dysplasia. Hip instability of meaningful importance occurs in one to two percent of babies born at term. Females are affected more often than males. Hip dysplasia was described at least as early as the 300s BC by Hippocrates.
Signs and symptoms.
Hip dysplasia can range from barely detectable to severely malformed or dislocated.
The congenital form, teratologic or non-reducible dislocation occurs as part of more complex conditions.
The condition can be bilateral or unilateral:
If the joint is fully dislocated a false acetabulum often forms (often higher up on the pelvis) opposite the dislocated femoral head position.
In acetabular dysplasia, the acetabulum (socket) is too shallow or deformed. The center-edge angle is measured as described by Wiberg. Two forms of femoral dysplasia are coxa vara, in which the femur head grows at too narrow an angle to the shaft, and coxa valga, in which the angle is too wide.
A rare type, the "Beukes familial hip dysplasia" is found among Afrikaners that are members of the Beukes family. The femur head is flat and irregular. People develop osteoarthritis at an early age.
Causes.
Hip dysplasia is considered to be a multifactorial condition. That means that several factors are involved in causing the condition to manifest.
The cause of this condition is unknown; however, some factors of congenital hip dislocation are through heredity and racial background. It is also thought that the higher rates in some ethnic groups (such as some Native American groups) is due to the practice of swaddling of infants, which is known to be a potential risk factor for developing dysplasia. It also has a low risk in African Americans and southern Chinese.
Congenital.
Some studies suggest a hormonal link. Specifically, the hormone relaxin has been indicated.
A genetic factor is indicated since the trait runs in families and there is an increased occurrence in some ethnic populations (e.g., Native Americans, Lapps / Sami people). A locus has been described on chromosome 13. Beukes familial dysplasia, on the other hand, was found to map to an 11-cM region on chromosome 4q35, with nonpenetrant carriers not affected.
Acquired.
As an acquired condition it has often been linked to traditions of swaddling infants, use of overly restrictive baby seats, carriers and other methods of transporting babies, or use of a cradle board which locks the hip joint in an "adducted" position (pulling the knees together tends to pull the heads of the femur bone out of the sockets or acetabulae) for extended periods. Modern swaddling techniques, such as the 'hip healthy swaddle' have been developed to relieve stress on hip joints caused by traditional swaddling methods.
Further risk factors include breech birth, gender, genetics (family history), and firstborns. In breech position the femoral head tends to get pushed out of the socket. A narrow uterus also facilitates hip joint dislocation during fetal development and birth.
Diagnosis.
Most countries have standard newborn exams that include a hip joint exam screening for early detection of hip dysplasia.
Sometimes during an exam a "click" or more precisely "clunk" in the hip may be detected (although not all clicks indicate hip dysplasia). When a hip click (also known as "clicky hips" in the UK) is detected, the child's hips are tracked with additional screenings to determine if developmental dysplasia of the hip is caused.
Two maneuvers commonly employed for diagnosis in neonatal exams are the Ortolani maneuver and the Barlow maneuver.
In order to do the Ortolani maneuver it is recommended that the examiner put the newborn baby in a position in which the contralateral hip is held still while the thigh of the hip being tested is abducted and gently pulled anteriorly. If a "clunk" is heard (the sound of the femoral head moving over the acetabulum), the joint is normal, but absence of the "clunk" sound indicates that the acetabulum is not fully developed. The next method that can be used is called the Barlow maneuver. It is done by adducting the hip while pushing the thigh posteriorly. If the hip goes out of the socket it means it is dislocated, and the newborn has a congenital hip dislocation. The baby is laid on its back for examination by separation of its legs. If a clicking sound can be heard, it indicates that the baby may have a dislocated hip. It is highly recommended that these maneuvers be done when the baby is not fussing, because the baby may inhibit hip movement.
Asymmetrical gluteal folds and an apparent limb-length inequality can further indicate unilateral hip dysplasia. Most vexingly, many newborn hips show a certain ligamentous laxity, on the other hand severely malformed joints can appear stable. That is one reason why follow-up exams and developmental monitoring are important. Frequency and methods of routine screenings in children is still in debate however physical examination of newborns followed by appropriate use of hip ultrasound is widely accepted.
The Harris hip score (developed by William H. Harris MD, an orthopedist from Massachusetts) is one way to evaluate hip function following surgery. Other scoring methods are based on patients' evaluation like e.g. the Oxford hip score, HOOS and WOMAC score. Children's Hospital Oakland Hip Evaluation Scale (CHOHES) is a modification of the Harris hip score that is currently being evaluated.
Hip dysplasia can develop in older age. Adolescents and adults with hip dysplasia may present with hip pain and in some cases hip labral tears. X-rays are used to confirm a diagnosis of hip dysplasia. CT scans and MRI scans are occasionally used too.
Terminology.
Some sources prefer "developmental dysplasia of the hip" (DDH) to "congenital dislocation of the hip" (CDH), finding the latter term insufficiently flexible in describing the diversity of potential complications.
The use of the word congenital can also imply that the condition already exists at birth. This terminology introduces challenges, because the joint in a newborn is formed from cartilage and is still malleable, making the onset difficult to ascertain.The newer term DDH also encompasses occult dysplasia (e.g. an underdeveloped joint) without dislocation and a dislocation developing after the "newborn" phase.
The term is not used consistently. In pediatric/neonatal orthopedics it is used to describe unstable/dislocatable hips and poorly developed acetabula. For adults it describes hips showing abnormal femur head or acetabular x-rays.
Some sources prefer the term "hip dysplasia" over DDH, considering it to be "simpler and more accurate", partly because of the redundancy created by the use of the terms developmental and dysplasia. Types of DDH include subluxation, dysplasia, and dislocation. The main types are the result of either laxity of the supporting capsule or an abnormal acetabulum.
Imaging.
Hip dysplasia diagnosed by ultrasound and projectional radiography ("X-ray"). Ultrasound imaging is generally preferred at up to 4 months due to limited ossification of the skeleton.
Despite the widespread of ultrasound, pelvis X-ray is still frequently used to diagnose or monitor hip dysplasia or for assessing other congenital conditions or bone tumors. The most useful lines and angles that can be drawn in the pediatric pelvis assessing hip dysplasia are as follows: Different measurements are used in adults.
Treatment.
Hip dysplasia presents a nearly perfect equilibrium between the arthritis, movement/mobility problems and pain associated with the developmental malformation, and the arthritis, movement/mobility problems and pain that are, as often as not in moderate to severe cases, inflicted by the treatment itself.
However, given the very real possibility of a limp, constant and/or debilitating pain, complicated treatment and impaired mobility later in life, careful developmental monitoring is indicated and early intervention is often the best result. The worst possible consequence of non treatment is developing early arthritis, sometimes even during teenage years. All treatment aims to delay the onset of arthritis, but no treatment is fully successful in avoiding it; and, all available treatments bear the risk of inflicting equivalent damage. Most unfortunately, studies have as yet been unable to find a method of predicting outcomes in either the surgical/orthopedic treatment of the condition in infants and young children, or the surgical treatment of these early treatments' negative outcomes later in life (such as arthritis, avascular necrosis, trochanteric bursitis, and bone spurs of up to 3.5 cm just medial of the gluteus maximus insertion point on the greater trochanter due to excessive friction).
Harnesses, casts, and traction.
Early hip dysplasia can often be treated using a Pavlik harness (see photograph) or the Frejka pillow/splint in the first year of life with usually normal results. Complications can occur when using the Pavlik harness. Cases of femoral nerve palsy and avascular necrosis of the femoral head have been reported with the use of the Pavlik harness, but whether these cases were due to improper application of the device or a complication encountered in the course of the disorder remains unresolved. Complications arise mainly because the sheet of the iliopsoas muscle pushes the circumflex artery against the neck of the femur and decreases blood flow to the femoral head, so the Frejka pillow is not indicated in all the forms of the developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Other devices employed include the spica cast, particularly following surgical closed reduction, open reduction, or osteotomy in babies and young children. Traction is sometimes used in the weeks leading up to a surgery to help stretch ligaments in the hip joint, although its use is controversial and varies amongst physicians.
Surgery.
In older children the adductor and iliopsoas muscles may have to be treated surgically because they adapt to the dislocated joint position (contracture).
Braces and splints are often used following either of these methods to continue treatment.
Although some children "outgrow" untreated mild hip dysplasia and some forms of untreated dysplasia cause little or no impairment of quality of life, studies have as yet been unable to find a method of predicting outcomes. On the other hand, it has often been documented that starting treatment late leads to complications and ends in poor results.
Hip replacement and osteotomy.
Hip dysplasia is often cited as causing osteoarthritis of the hip at a comparatively young age. Dislocated load bearing surfaces lead to increased and unusual wear, although there are studies that contradict these findings (see ). Peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) surgery can be used to realign the hip joint in some adolescents and adults. Subsequent treatment with total hip arthroplasty (hip replacement) is complicated by a need for revision surgery (replacing the artificial joint) owing to skeletal changes as the body matures, loosening/wear or bone resorption. Hip resurfacing is another option for correcting hip dysplasia in adults. It is a type of hip replacement that preserves more bone, and may work for younger hip dysplasia patients.
Osteotomies are either used in conjunction with arthroplasty or by themselves to correct misalignment.
Epidemiology.
Determining the incidence can be difficult. In addition there is a wide margin in diagnostic results. A German study comparing two methods resulted in twice the usual rate for one method. The condition is eight times more frequent in females than in males.
Native Americans are more likely to have congenital hip dislocation than any of the other races. The risk for Native Americans is about 25-50 in 1000. The overall frequency of developmental dysplasia of the hip is approximately 1 case per 1000 individuals; however, Barlow believed that the incidence of hip instability in newborns can be as high as 1 case for every 60 newborns, with the rate dropping to 1:240 at one week.
History.
The Frejka pillow splint was named after Dr. Bedrich Frejka (1890-1972), a Czech orthopedic surgeon. The Pavlik harness was named after Dr. Arnold Pavlik (1902-1962), also a Czech orthopedic surgeon.
Society and culture.
In the television program "ER", Kerry Weaver uses a crutch owing to congenital hip dysplasia. In season 12, she undergoes a hip replacement to cure her dysplasia when her previously untreated joint worsens.
Research.
One avenue of research is using stem cells. They are applied in grafting (bone grafting) or by seeding porous arthroplasty prosthesis with autologous fibroblasts or chondrocyte progenitor cells to assist in firmly anchoring the artificial material in the bone bed.
Other animals.
In dogs, hip dysplasia is an abnormal formation of the hip socket that, in its more severe form, can eventually cause crippling lameness and painful arthritis of the joints. It is a genetic (polygenic) trait that is affected by environmental factors. It is common in many dog breeds, particularly the larger breeds.
Hip dysplasia is one of the most studied veterinary conditions in dogs, and the most common single cause of arthritis of the hips. Cats are also known to have this condition, especially Siamese.


John R. Cockcroft

John R. Cockcroft is Professor of Cardiology at the Heart Research Institute in Cardiff, Wales. Cockcroft also holds the position of Special Professor of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention at the University of Nottingham, and is currently visiting Professor at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.
His major field of research is arterial stiffness and its effects on the heart, as well as the effects it may have on other conditions, e.g. osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome, in relation to arterial stiffening. Cockcroft has published several papers on the results of his findings.
Cockcroft headed the conference Artery 6, held in 2006 in Athens, giving the welcoming address.


Atlantic Mediterranean Activities Conference

The Atlantic Mediterranean Activities Conference (AMAC) is an international scholastic sports organization, made up of international schools along the Mediterranean Sea, as well as Portugal.
Schools.
Non-exhaustive list of member schools:


Herbert Melville Little

Herbert Melville Little FRCOG (1877–1935) was a Canadian gynaecologist and lecturer in obstetrics and gynaecology at McGill University. He was assistant gynaecologist at the Montreal General Hospital and from 1925 gynaecologist-in-chief there. He was a foundation fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. During the First World War he served as paymaster and adjutant with the McGill Unit 3rd Canadian General Hospital.


Prerana Issar

Prerana Issar is a British public servant and Chief People Officer at the National Health Service. At the National Health Service, Issar is involved with the People Programme, which looks to better support members of NHS staff. She has previously worked with Unilever and the United Nations.
Early life and education.
Issar was born in India. Her parents both worked for the Government of India. Her mother, Promilla Issar, was a senior bureaucrat, and served as Chief Secretary of Haryana. Her first degree was in psychology. She attended both Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi and the XLRI - Xavier School of Management. Issar's first job was working for Unilever in India, where she oversaw projects on global food.
Career.
Issar spent fifteen years at Unilever. In 2013 she was appointed Chief Human Resources Officer of the World Food Programme at the United Nations, and eventually became Director of Public-Private partnerships. In this capacity she worked on three major areas, including nutrition, supply chain and technology. Her work was guided by the Sustainable Development Goals. She developed the United Nations' first strategic human capital approach.
In April 2019 Issar joined the National Health Service as its first Chief People Officer. Here she developed the NHS People Plan, designed to support NHS staff. The plan looks to improve workplace culture as well as improving continuing professional development. She delivered a TED talk on the "Power of Purpose".
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Issar was involved with the design and delivery of the National Health Service response. She has said that for hospitals to handle the increased workload they would have to have inclusive, distributed leadership. She was moved by the public support for the NHS, in particular the surge in applications to join the health service. In March 2020, Issar announced that the NHS had partnered with Headspace to offer free mental health support for NHS frontline medical staff. She had hoped that this partnership would reduce stress and risk of burnout. In response to the disproportionate impact that coronavirus disease had on black and minority ethnic communities, Issar wrote to all NHS Chief Executives calling them to better resource and empower staff networks. In particular, she said that if employers could not protect their black and minority ethnic staff they should be redeployed elsewhere in the organisation. In early June, as the Government eased lockdown restrictions, Issar called for NHS trusts to raise awareness of coronavirus disease amongst patients and staff, with a particular focus on ancillary workers.
Personal life.
Issar has two children.


TAN syndrome

Tegumental angiomyxoma-neurothekeoma (TAN syndrome) is a syndrome, an acronym, and eponym proposed by Malaysian ophthalmologist of Chinese Descent, Tan Aik Kah (b. June 1975). Angiomyxomas are associated with LAMB (lentigines, atrial myxomas, muco-cutaneous myxomas, and blue naevi) syndrome, NAME (nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephelides) syndrome and Carney syndrome (atrial, cutaneous and mammary myxomas, lentigines, blue naevi, endocrine disorders and testicular tumours).
TAN syndrome is characterized by multiple superficial angiomyxoma and neurothekeoma confined only to the skin (tegument). "TAN syndrome" may be used to describe myxomas confined to the skin without visceral involvement.
Case.
Tan et al. reported a 10-year-old girl with multiple superficial angiomyxoma associated with neurothekeoma palpebrae. There was no evidence of visceral involvement. The lesions were excised with no recurrence during follow up.


Panathlon Foundation

The Panathlon Foundation is a sports charity that enables children with disabilities in England to have competitive sporting opportunities.
Formed in 1996 by Ashley Iceton, the Panathlon Foundation Ltd (registered charity 1072638), provides sports coaching within schools, sports equipment to schools, sports training to teachers, coaches and young leaders, and sports competitions. Panathlon is aimed at children aged 5 to 19 years with Physical disabilities and Learning Disabilities. They also have a specific visual impairment and deaf program. Panathlon works with SEN schools and SEN units in mainstream schools currently across 27 counties in England in 2015.
Panathlon has 6 sports programs: Multi-Sport, Primary Panathlon, Swimming, Football, Impairment Specific, Boccia. The Multi-Sports competition involves the disability specific sports of Table Cricket, Polybat, New Age Kurling, Boccia and adapted Athletics. Football includes U13 and U16 5-a-side football & Girls Only Football. Impairment specific involves Powerchair Athlete Days, Visual Impairment & Deaf coaching & competitions. Boccia includes a partnership with Boccia England to deliver the Lord's Taverners Boccia competitions.
In the 2009 academic year Panathlon's work involved 2,500 children in 5 counties in England. By 2015 academic year Panathlon's work involved 7,500 children from 27 counties in England.
The charity has six patron, ex-Paralympian's Danny Crates, Liz Johnson, Helen Turner, Steve Brown, current Paralympian Louise Sugden and TV presenter Alex Brooker. Guests at Panathlon competitions include former sports minister Kate Hoey, ex-Paralympian and TV Presenter Giles Long, and a host of Paralympian's, Adam Alderman, Freya Levy, Graham Edmunds, Ben Lampert, Josh Beacham, Tim Prendegast, Dervis Konuralp, Daniel West, Kate Grey,
Funders of the Panathlon Foundation include The Jack Petchey Foundation, St James Place Foundation, The Mayor of London, Woodland Group, Peter Harrison Foundation, John Lewis Stratford, Garfield Weston Foundation, The Bulldog Trust, Wembley Stadium Trust, John Lyon's. Funding raising events have included, Woodland Group cycling from London to Paris in May 2014. Jody Cundy along with Danny Crates & Liz Johnson competing in the London Triathlon 2014. Steve Brown replaced Jody Cundy in the London Triathlon 2015 Panathlon Team. Hilton Hotel Stansted hosting virtual 'Around the World in a Day' events.
Media Appearances: Panathlon London final was featured on Sky Sports in June 2010. Panathlon Central London Final was featured on BBC1 Breakfast Saturday in April 2013. East England regional final was featured on ITV East Anglia in October 2014.
Panathlon have been involved at the Queen Elizabeth II Olympic Park. 20 Panathlon Athletes from the 5 Olympic London Boroughs raced on the 100 metre track at the London Olympic Stadium Gold Challenge test event in April 2012. From 2014 the London Finals Multi-Sports competition has been at The Copper Box Arena. From 2015 Panathlon's South England Swimming Finals have been hosted by The Olympic Pool. John Lewis Stratford, onlooking the park, have hosted the Panathlon Jack Petchey Outstanding Achievement Award Ceremony since 2012. This awards ceremony contains three prizes: Individual Achievement, Sports Achievement & Outstanding Sports Leader Achievement.
Panathlon have another annual Celebration of Individual Talent, their Wembley Stadium Trust Primary Awards.
Other notable venues that have hosted Panathlon competitions are Stoke Mandeville Stadium, The NIA Birmingham (Barclaycard Arena), Wembley Stadium Powerleague
In February 2016 Panathlon celebrated its 20th Anniversary at City Hall with Kate Hoey and five Paralypian's in attendance.


Erich Lexer

Erich Lexer (22 May 1867 – 4 December 1937) was a German surgeon born in Freiburg im Breisgau.
He studied medicine at the University of Würzburg, afterwards working as an assistant to Friedrich Sigmund Merkel in Göttingen (1891) and to Ernst von Bergmann in Berlin (from 1892). Later on, he was a professor of surgery at Albertina University in Königsberg (1905–1910), Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (1910–1919) and Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (1919–1928). In 1928 he succeeded Ferdinand Sauerbruch at the university clinic in Munich (1928–1936).
He is remembered for his introduction of surgical techniques associated with plastic and cosmetic surgery. He is credited for his pioneer research of forehead lift surgery as a means to lessen the signs of aging in the upper part of the face. In 1921 he pioneered a technique for mammaplastic surgery, a procedure that later became popular in the 1950s. Lexer is also credited as the first physician to advocate subcutaneous mastectomy for treatment of fibrocystic breast disease.
Today, the Erich Lexer Clinic for Aesthetic-Plastic Surgery at the Freiburg Medical Centre is named in his honor.
Published works.
He was the author of a popular surgical textbook, "Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chirurgie". First published in 1904, it was issued over numerous editions and also translated into English. Other writings by Lexer include:


Innate immune defect

An innate immune defect is a defect in the innate immune response that blunts the response to infection. These defects may occur in monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, basophils, mast cells or complement proteins.
Types.
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) immunodeficiencies.
Several TLR immunodeficiencies have been described in which cellular proteins that should transmit the message from the TLRs to the nucleus are abnormal. These signaling defects result in a failure of cytokines to be produced in response to bacterial infection. Disorders of this type include MyD88 deficiency, IRAK-4 deficiency other UNC93B deficiency and TLR3 mutations.
MyD88 deficiency.
Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 deficiency (MyD88) is a disorder of the innate immune system. It belongs to rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by an increased susceptibility to certain types of bacterial infections. Patients suffer from abnormally frequent and severe infections by a subset of bacteria known as pyogenic bacteria such as "Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae" and "Pseudomonas aeruginosa". However, affected individuals have normal resistance to other common bacteria, virusesfungi, and parasites. MYD88 deficiency is caused by mutations in the MYD88 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. MYD88 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays an important role in stimulating the immune system to respond to bacterial infection. The MyD88 protein is part of a signaling pathway that is involved in early recognition of pathogens and the initiation of inflammation to fight infection. This signaling pathway is part of the innate immune response. Most people with this condition have their first bacterial infection before age 2, and the infections can be life-threatening in infancy and childhood. Infections become less frequent by about age 10.
IRAK4 deficiency.
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase deficiency is an inherited disorder of the immune system. This immunodeficiency leads to recurrent infections caused by the pyogenic bacteria, for example "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Staphylococcus aureus" and "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", but not by other infectious agents. Most patients with IRAK-4 deficiency suffer from invasive bacterial infections, which can cause sepsis, meningitis or they affect the joints that can lead to inflammation and arthritis. These invasive infections can also cause areas of tissue breakdown and pus production (abscesses) on internal organs. In addition, patients are characterized by infections of the upper respiratory tract, eyes or skin. Although fever is a common reaction to bacterial infections, many people with IRAK-4 deficiency do not at first develop a high fever in response to these infections, even if the infection is severe. Most patients have their first bacterial infection before age 2, and the infections can be life-threatening in infancy and childhood. Infections become less frequent with age.
UNC93B and TLR3 deficiency.
UNC93B1 is very important signaling molecule involved in the production of interferon which plays a key role in the killing of viruses. Signaling through TLRs 3, 7, 8, and 9 normally induces production of interferons that are binding to viral RNA and destroy the virus. Deficiency of UNC93B1 or TLR3 leads for example to susceptibility to encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) due to decreased production of interferons in the central nervous system.
Defects in IFN-γ/IL-12 signaling.
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)/interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway deficiencies belongs to rare innate immune defects. They are characterized by susceptibility to salmonella infections and also mycobacteria. Mycobacteria is the family of bacteria which cause tuberculosis and other related infections. This deficiency usually occurs in children's after tuberculosis vaccination. The other typical symptoms may be different skin infections, swollen lymph nodes or blood stream infections with an enlarged liver and spleen.
Diagnosis.
Patients with innate immune defects have generally intact adaptive immune systems with normal antibodies and T-cells. The main symptom is increased level of eosinophils in the blood, but elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels may also be present. The diagnosis is made in suspected patients by measuring cytokine production by white blood cells, after stimulation by bacterial products. Testing of TLR function is becoming available through commercial reference laboratories. By abnormal tests is usually made repeat testing and also genetic testing.
Treatment.
The common treatment for these defects usually involves antibiotic therapy to treat acute infections. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is also used. Some patients require immunoglobulin treatment.


Galen Bodenhausen

Galen Von Bodenhausen (born 1961) is an American social psychologist. He is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Psychology in the Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences at Northwestern University, where he is also a professor of marketing in the Kellogg School of Management. He is known for his research on gender stereotypes, gender roles, and implicit biases.


Alveolar gas equation

The alveolar gas equation is the method for calculating partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2). The equation is used in assessing if the lungs are properly transferring oxygen into the blood. The alveolar air equation is not widely used in clinical medicine, probably because of the complicated appearance of its classic forms.
The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the pulmonary alveoli is required to calculate both the alveolar-arterial gradient of oxygen and the amount of right-to-left cardiac shunt, which are both clinically useful quantities. However, it is not practical to take a sample of gas from the alveoli in order to directly measure the partial pressure of oxygen. The alveolar gas equation allows the calculation of the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen from data that is practically measurable. It was first characterized in 1946.
Assumptions.
The equation relies on the following assumptions:
Equation.
If formula_2 is small, or more specifically if formula_3 then the equation can be simplified to:
where:
Sample Values given for air at sea level at 37°C.
Doubling formula_5 will double formula_6.
Other possible equations exist to calculate the alveolar air.
Abbreviated alveolar air equation.
PAO2, PEO2, and PiO2 are the partial pressures of oxygen in alveolar, expired, and inspired gas, respectively, and VD/VT is the ratio of physiologic dead space over tidal volume.


Rajiv Yeravdekar

Rajiv Chintaman Yeravdekar is an Indian Educationist , & is better known as the Dean and Faculty of Health & Biomedical Sciences of Symbiosis International University. He is on the Board of Governors of the Medical Council of India and is dean of Pune-based Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences (SIHS)
Rajiv, is an alumnus of the B. J. Medical College,Pune


Insect sting allergy

Insect sting allergy is the term commonly given to the allergic response of an animal in response to the bite or sting of an insect. Typically, insects which generate allergic responses are either stinging insects (wasps, bees, hornets and ants ) or biting insects (mosquitoes, ticks). Stinging insects inject venom into their victims, whilst biting insects normally introduce anti-coagulants into their victims.
The great majority of insect allergic animals just have a simple allergic response – a reaction local to the sting site which appears as just a swelling arising from the release of histamine and other chemicals from the body tissues near to the sting site. The swelling, if allergic, can be helped by the provision of an anti-histamine ointment as well as an ice pack. This is the typical response for all biting insects and many people have this common reaction.
Mosquito allergy may result in a collection of symptoms called skeeter syndrome that occur after a bite. This syndrome may be mistaken for an infection such as cellulitis.
In anaphylactic patients the response is more aggressive leading to a systemic reaction where the response progresses from the sting site around the whole body. This is potentially something very serious and can lead to anaphylaxis, which is potentially life-threatening.
Epidemiology.
The majority of individuals who receive a sting from an insect experience local reactions. It is estimated that 5-10% of individuals will experience a generalized systemic reaction that can involve symptoms ranging from hives to wheezing and even anaphylaxis. In the United States approximately 40 people die each year from anaphylaxis due to stinging insect allergy. Potentially life-threatening reactions occur in 3% of adults and 0.4–0.8% of children.
Prevention.
A 2012 meta-analysis found that venom immunotherapy is an effective prophylactic treatment against insect bite and sting allergic reactions, and significantly improves the quality of life of people affected by severe insect allergies.


Steven Flanagan

Steven R. Flanagan is a nationally renowned expert in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is professor and chairman of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the New York University School of Medicine, and the medical director of the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine at the NYU Langone Medical Center.
He was formerly the vice chair of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine where he was a faculty member from 1992 to 2008. He was also the medical director of the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program which encompassed the physical, cognitive and emotional aftermaths of brain injuries. Under Flanagan's leadership, the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research designated the program a TBI Model System recognizing it as a national leader in brain injury medical research and patient care.
He holds a major TBI grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research; is chairman of the Brain Injury Special Interest Group of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R); and is a member of the Medical Advisory Board of the Brain Trauma Foundation.
In 2008, the Brain Injury Association of New York State honored Flanagan with the "Champion of Hope Award" for his work in the field of traumatic brain injury.
He received his B.S. from Fairfield University in 1984 and his M.D. from University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in 1988. He completed his residency training in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 1992.


Voges-Proskauer reaction


Barbara Dosher

Barbara Dosher is an American scientist and academic specializing in neurology of human memory and attention processes. She is the former dean of the School of Social Sciences and a Distinguished Professor of Cognitive Sciences at University of California, Irvine. She is also the director of the Memory Attention Perception Lab at UC Irvine. Dosher is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Dosher received the 2018 Atkinson Prize in Psychological and Cognitive Sciences.
Education and research.
Barbara Dosher received a B.A. in psychology with a minor in biochemistry from the University of California, San Diego in 1973. She completed her research doctoral training at the University of Oregon in Experimental psychology in 1977. Currently, her primary research interests involve aspects of attentional processes and human memory, particularly forgetting and retrieval of implicit and explicit working memories. She also studies the neural mechanisms of perceptual task learning.


Kinetic class (virology)

A kinetic class, also known as a temporal class, is a grouping of genes in a viral genome that are expressed at the same time during the viral replication cycle. Five of the human DNA viral families have multiple kinetic classes: Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Polyomaviridae. All of the genes in a particular kinetic class are activated by the same mechanism: either by the process of the virus entering the cell and uncoating, or by the products of an earlier kinetic class in what is known as a transcriptional cascade. Generally speaking, earlier kinetic classes code for enzymes that direct the viral replication process, and later kinetic classes code for structural proteins to be packaged into virions
Viruses with three kinetic classes: Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, and Adenoviridae.
Multiple naming schemes exist in virus families that have three kinetic classes; some refer to the three classes as 1) immediate-early 2) early and 3) late, and some refer to these same classes as 1) early 2) intermediate and 3) late. The former naming scheme is adopted below because it emphasizes the relative similarity in function of the first two classes compared to the third.
Immediate-early class.
The first genes expressed, in the immediate-early class, prepare the virus for replication and protect it from host defenses. These genes are activated in Poxviruses by enzymes packaged in the virion itself. They are responsible for dissolving the virion capsid, directing DNA replication (in Poxviruses), protecting the virus from the host's interferon and complement defenses (in Poxviruses), and activating the early class of genes.
Early class.
The second class of genes continues to combat host defenses, stimulates DNA replication (in Herpesviruses), and activates the late class. In Herpesviruses, the early class is known as the beta class and replicates the DNA genome starting from three different origins of replication. In Adenoviruses, it consists of two transcription units, IVa2 and IX.
Late class.
The late class consists primarily of structural proteins and assembly enzymes, and is dependent in all three families on the prior synthesis of viral DNA copies. In Herpesviruses, for example, the late class consists of gamma-1 and gamma-2 genes. After the late class is expressed, the virions can assemble and exit the cell.
Viruses with two kinetic classes: Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae.
Early class.
The early proteins produced in Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses regulate the cell cycle and activate DNA replication. In Papillomaviruses, they are called E1 through E7 and also stimulate cellular replication. In Polyomavirus, the early proteins are T antigens.
Late class.
The late proteins make up the virus capsid. In Polyomaviruses, they are known as VP1, VP2, and VP3; in Papillomaviruses they are called L1 and L2 (for “late”).


Zambia Red Cross Society

The Zambia Red Cross Society was established in 1966 by an act of the Zambian Parliament. It had earlier started out as a branch of the British Red Cross. It has its headquarters in Lusaka.


Margaret Gatz

Margaret Gatz is a professor of psychology, gerontology and preventive medicine at the University of Southern California's Leonard Davis School of Gerontology. She was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012.


Lifeways Group

Lifeways Group is a British social care company founded in 1995, which provides supported living services for adults with learning disabilities, autism, and brain injuries. It also offers tailored holidays, or “respite breaks”, for the people it supports.
The company was bought for £207m in 2012 by Omers, which invests Ontario’s municipal employees’ retirement pot. At that time it had 6,300 staff.
In April 2015 it acquired Autism Care UK which provides supported living, outreach and day services for people with autism in Lincolnshire, Lancashire, Milton Keynes, Northumberland, South Warwickshire and Yorkshire from the Maria Mallaband Care Group.
In May 2015 the company bought its learning disability services group from Care UK.
Lifeways hit controversy in recent years for bad quality of care due to some locations having an inadequate CQC rating, closure of some services by CQC and local councils for abuse and court cases involving staff where they have abused service users in their care. Particularly the case of Jessica Burgess and Lindsey Warham whom subjected a disabled woman to abuse at one of their Autism Care facilities in Northumberland.
References.
www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/care-home-disgrace-mean-pair-16899788.amp


Nasal heterotopic brain tissue


Jane Leighton

Jane Leighton (17 March 1944 – 4 July 2012) was an English healthcare campaigner and television producer. The oldest of three children, she abandoned school halfway through her studies to take up a secretarial course and her first job was as the secretary to the managing director of Anglia Television. Leighton's campaigning on healthcare issues began in 1974 at the British Pregnancy Advisory Service and successfully campaigned for improvements to services lacking their own lobbying group at the Liverpool Community Health Council. Her efforts impressed Granada Television who invited her to work on the news programme "World in Action".
Leighton worked at the Littlewoods retail company to devise an equal opportunities employment system which won her an award and was later employed by Mersey Television as the general manager for the Channel 4 soap opera "Brookside". She returned to Granada in 1990 as head of public affairs and helped the company retain its television franchise. After leaving in 1992, Leighton embarked on a portfolio career which saw her serve as either a member or chair of various organisations. She joined Dignitas after learning of cancer in February and travelled to Switzerland where she took her own life five months later.
Biography.
Early life and career.
Leighton was born on 7 March 1944 at the Hill Garden Nursing Home in Hemsby, Norfolk. She was the oldest of three children to the agricultural labourer Robert Henry William Palmer and his wife Doris Maud, "née" Hunn. Leighton had one sister and one brother. Her parents lived at 22A High Street in Caister-on-Sea at the time of her birth and later operated a post office and stationers in the town. Leighton went to the Great Yarmouth High School for Girls but abandoned her studies partway through so she could take up a secretarial course. She then became a secretary to the managing director of Anglia Television Dick Joice. It was at Anglia Television that Leighton met the electrical engineer Bernard Leighton and the two were married in Norwich on 4 June 1966.
She took on the care of her husband's two children from a previous marriage and stopped working so that she could become a 'company wife' which involved moving around the country. This remained the case until Leighton separated from Bernard in 1971 and continued to care for the children there after. The marriage was later dissolved. She found work at the British Pregnancy Advisory Service in Liverpool and later became a secretary to the Liverpool Community Health Council from 1974 and 1979. At the council, Leighton actively campaigned for improvements to services that lacked their own lobbying group. New resources were dedicated to healthcare for homelessness people, those suffering from mental illness and for women exercising their right to selection as a consequence of her campaigning.
Leighton's efforts impressed television producers who invited her to become a reporter and researcher for the nightly news programme for the north-west of England, "World in Action", on Granada Television. One of the programmes, "These Are My Children" (1981), she made it possible for Anwar Ditta to bring her three children from Pakistan into the United Kingdom in spite of immigration officials claiming she was not their biological mother. The programme won Leighton a Royal Television Society Award for Journalism. She remained in contact with Ditta for the rest of her life. Leighton moved onto medical programmes for Granada and Channel 4 and they earned her an award from the British Medical Association in 1983. One noted programme she fronted concerned the dangers of secondhand cigarette smoke. Another focused dioxin leak affecting thousands of people in and around Seveso in Northern Italy in 1976 and another was about the inadequate healthcare prisoners received.
Later career and final years.
The obstetrician Wendy Savage was suspended from her post at the London Hospital Medical College in 1985 on incompetence grounds. Leighton was a major role in supporting Savage and wrote three articles for the "New Statesman" in which she interviewed several people in Tower Hamlets. She contributed to Savage's later account of her suspension in a book entitled "A Savage Enquiry" in 1986 but Leighton did not wish for her name to be on the book as it failed to meet her meticulous standards of editing. The Littlewoods retail company approached her in 1985 and asked Leighton to devise an equal opportunities employment system for them. Leighton won a reward for her work in 1987 from Women in Management and the system was completed the following year. After this she worked for the production company Mersey Television as a general manager on the Channel 4 soap opera "Brookside" from 1988 to 1990.
Leighton returned to Granada to 1990 as head of public affairs. She helped the company retain its franchise after a rival bid was made from a consortium led by Mersey Television but resigned in 1992 after the chairman David Plowright was ousted by Gerry Robinson. Leighton embarked on a portfolio career which saw her become the industrial relations consultant for the Liverpool Housing Action Trust (1992–1996), chaired Salford's NHS mental health trust between 1993 and 1995, she was a member of the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of which she chaired from 1996 to 1997 having been a member for three years prior and served as deputy chair of its successor, the Broadcasting Standards Commission between 1997 and 2001. Leighton also served as chair of the Tate Britain's organisational development which saw her install a new organisational system which prevented staff from being alienated.
She also was on the board of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra from 1990 and 1992, served as a member of the North-West Arts Board and was the University College of Salford's governor between 1992 and 1995. Leighton was also a non-executive director of the Hallé Concerts Society from 1992 and 1995 as well as the City of London Sinfonia between 1992 and 1997. Her interest in mental health led her to join the Camden and Islington area mental health committee in 1998 and served in this capacity until 2000. Leighton also was the non-executive director of the Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust between 1998 and 2001 and the job saw her work closely with the police, social services and the National Health Service after starting the London Mental Health Learning Partnership in 2000.
After she was diagnosed with rectal cancer which was later surgically removed in 2003, Leighton elected to move to Suffolk. There she was made the chair of the Waveney Primary Care NHS Trust and served in this position from 2003 and 2006. Leighton founded a new organisation called Halesworth Health which aimed to improve and protect local services in the town and developed the organisation's website. Despite lung secondaries in 2005, which could not be mended in surgery, she turned down chemotherapy and they did not progress. Leighton's last campaigning success came in 2006 when she ensured the merger that made up the Great Yarmouth and Waveney primary care trust was not taken up at the time into the bigger economies for scale sought by the government.
She still remained actively involved in the running of Halesworth Health in spite of the diagnosis of brain secondaries in February 2012 which left her unable to walk. Leighton joined Dignitas upon her being diagnosed with cancer and travelled to Switzerland. There, she felt her mental and physical functions declining in spite of having steroid treatment. The day before her death, a fingernail which had been painted with an elaborate pattern broke and Leighton insisted a nailbar be found to ensure its could be repaired. She committed suicide Dignitas clinic in Zürich on 4 July 2012. Her ashes were scattered in the Swiss mountains. Leighton requested that no funeral services be held for her but agreed for an informal gathering where her friends and relatives remembered her life at Southwold beach. She was survived by her adoptive children and her siblings.