Factory automation infrastructure

Factory automation infrastructure describes the process of incorporating automation into the manufacturing process of end products. 
With this infrastructure, the manufacturing environment is defined by its ability to manufacture and/or assemble goods chiefly by machines, integrated assembly lines, and robotic arms. Automated environments are also defined by their coordination with (and usually their systematic integration with) the required automatic equipment to form a complete system. 
According to one definition, the intent of factory automation is to decrease risks associated with laborious and dangerous work faced by human workers. This system is essentially a solution for the automation and manufacturing of a particular production process of an intended output and/or end product.
Automation.
Automation has led to production of sophisticated parts in similar or higher output qualities with little quality fluctuation. It also can help cut overall manufacturing costs and create safer working environments for workers. 
The use of automation in manufacturing started by using technologies such as pneumatic and hydraulic systems in applications where their mechanical advantages could be used to raise output quality and efficiency in production. Complex and highly integrated systems have since been created, composed of many different technologies and innovative procedures controlled under High Language programming environments with sophisticated operation drivers. These drivers often are running languages that support 6, 7, and 8 axis controls for sophisticated robotics.
Robotic arm.
A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with functions similar to a human arm; the arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or transnational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effector and is analogous to the human hand.
Advantages and disadvantages.
The main advantages of automation are:
The following methods are often employed to improve productivity, quality, or robustness.
The main disadvantages of automation are:
External links.
kinematic chain. 