SS Spartan

The SS "Spartan" is a railroad car ferry on Lake Michigan owned by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) from 1952 through 1979. It alternated routes from Ludington, Michigan, to Milwaukee, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
Commissioning and early history.
The C&O fully absorbed the Pere Marquette Railway in 1947, inheriting the car ferry service already established in Ludington. The division became known as the "Pere Marquette District" of the C&O railroad. There were already several car ferries working out of Ludington at the time, including the "Pere Marquette 21" and "Pere Marquette 22," the "City of Saginaw 31" and "City of Flint 32," and the "". C&O decided to improve its ferry fleet by adding two new ships. While similar in design to the immensely popular "City of Midland 41", the new ships would have several notable design changes, such as a full-width pilot house that gave the crew an almost 360-degree view, and new lifeboat davits that freed up deck space.
Hull 369, which would become the "Spartan" began construction in late 1950 by the Christy Corporation of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. She was launched on 4 January 1952 without fanfare; the "" was being built at the same time, and the owners preferred a double-christening ceremony. During construction, many cities on both sides of Lake Michigan lobbied for their names to go on the new ships, as was the tradition with previous Pere Marquette car ferries (i.e. "City of Midland 41"). C&O decided that fewer feelings would be hurt if the twin ferries were named "Spartan" and "Badger", after the mascots of Michigan State University (then Michigan State College) and the University of Wisconsin. The ships were christened on 6 September 1952 after the "Badger" was successfully launched. The "Spartan" completed her sea trials on 27 September 1952 and was delivered to C&O on 23 October. She immediately began work for the C&O, operating from her home port of Ludington.
Abandonment and the final years.
In the mid-1970s, the C&O railway decided that the car ferries were no longer profitable to operate and petitioned the [[Interstate Commerce Commission]] to allow them to abandon the ferry routes. There were only three ferries left in service by this point: the "City of Midland 41" (built in 1940), the "Badger", and the "Spartan". In 1978, C&O was granted permission to systematically eliminate its ferry routes. There was no longer a need for three ferries, and in September 1979 the "Spartan" was laid up in Ludington. In spring 1980 she was steamed up again to run as part of a lease agreement with the [[Ann Arbor Railroad (1895-1976)|Ann Arbor Railroad]], then operated by the [[Michigan Interstate Railway]], out of [[Frankfort, Michigan]], but was abandoned after it was discovered Frankfort harbor was too shallow for the "Spartan". The ship was tied up at Ludington's number 3 slip for many years. She has since been moved to number 2 slip.
Today.
[[File:SS Badger and SS Spartan.jpg|thumb|The "SS Spartan" (right) laid up in number 2 slip and her sistership, the SS "Badger" docked at number 2 slip in Ludington, Michigan]]
The SS "Spartan" today sits at Ludington's 2 slip, one of the last of the true railroad-car ferries remaining. Due to the rarity of her coal-burning [[Uniflow steam engine#Skinner Unaflow|Skinner Unaflow]] steam engines that she and the "Badger" share, the "Spartan" has been used frequently as a parts ship to keep her twin running. In the early 2000s, when a new passenger ferry service was proposed from Muskegon, Michigan to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Lake Michigan Carferry (the owners of the "Badger" and "Spartan" since 1992) proposed a diesel-converted "Spartan" as the ship of choice for the run.
In December 2020, the "Spartan" was sold to [[Interlake Steamship Company]]. The deal also includes the "City of Midland 41" and the SS "Badger". It was a part of a larger sale of assets. Interlake is based in [[Middleburg Heights, Ohio]].
References.
[[Category:Ferries of Michigan]]
[[Category:Ferries of Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Manitowoc County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Transportation in Mason County, Michigan]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 10]]
[[Category:Chesapeake and Ohio Railway]]
[[Category:Train ferries]]
[[Category:1952 ships]]