HMCS Kootenay (DDE 258)

HMCS "Kootenay" was a destroyer escort that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and Canadian Forces from 1959 until 1996. She was the fifth ship in her class and the second vessel to carry the designation . The ship suffered two serious incidents in her career: an explosion and ensuing fire that killed nine, and a collision that required the complete replacement of her bow. Following her service, the ship was sunk as an artificial reef.
Design and description.
Based on the preceding design, the "Restigouche"s had the same hull and propulsion, but different weaponry. Initially the "St. Laurent" class had been planned to be 14 ships. However the order was halved, and the following seven were redesigned to take into improvements made on the "St. Laurent"s. As time passed, their design diverged further from that of the "St. Laurent"s.
The ships had a displacement of , at deep load. They were designed to be long with a beam of and a draught of . The "Restigouche"s had a complement of 214.
The "Restigouche"s were by powered by two English Electric geared steam turbines, each driving a propellor shaft, using steam provided by two Babcock & Wilcox boilers. They generated giving the vessels a maximum speed of .
The "Restigouche"s were equipped with SPS-10, SPS-12, Sperry Mk 2 and SPG-48 radar along with SQS-501 and SQS-503 sonar.
Armament.
The "Restigouche"s diverged from the "St. Laurent"s in their weaponry. The "Restigouche"s were equipped with two twin mounts of Vickers /70 calibre Mk 6 dual-purpose guns forward and maintained a single twin mount of 3-inch/50 calibre Mk 22 guns aft used in the preceding class. A Mk 69 fire control director was added to control the new guns. They were also armed with two Limbo Mk 10 mortars and two single Bofors 40 mm guns. However, the 40 mm guns were dropped in the final design.
The destroyers were also equipped beginning in 1958 with Mk 43 homing torpedoes in an effort to increase the distance between the ships and their targets. The Mk 43 torpedo had a range of at . They were pitched over the side by a modified depth charge thrower.
Improved Restigouche Escorts (IRE).
As part of the 1964 naval program, the Royal Canadian Navy planned to improve the attack capabilities of the "Restigouche" class. Unable to convert the vessels to helicopter-carrying versions like the "St. Laurent"s due to budget constraints, instead the "Restigouche"s were to receive variable depth sonar (VDS) to improve their sonar range, placed on the stern, and the RUR-5 anti-submarine rocket (ASROC). The destroyers also received a stepped lattice mast. Called the Improved Restigouche Escorts (IRE), "Terra Nova" was the first to undergo conversion, beginning in May 1965. The conversion took ten months to complete, followed by sea trials. The sea trials delayed the conversion of the next ship for four years. By 1969, the budget for naval programs had been cut and only four out of the seven ("Terra Nova", "Restigouche", "Gatineau" and "Kootenay") would get upgraded to IRE standards and the remaining three ("Chaudière", "Columbia", and "St. Croix") were placed in reserve.
The ASROC launcher replaced the 3 in/50 cal twin mount and one Mk 10 Limbo mortar aft. The ASROC was a rocket-propelled Mk 44 torpedo that had a minimum range of and a maximum range of . The Mk 44 torpedo had a weight of , was long and carried a warhead. The torpedo itself had a maximum range of at . The torpedo was acoustically guided.
Destroyer Life Extension (DELEX).
The Destroyer Life Extension (DELEX) refit for the four surviving "Restigouche"s was announced in 1978. An effort by Maritime Command to update their existing stock of naval escorts, the DELEX program affected 16 ships in total and came in several different formats depending on the class of ship it was being applied to. On average, the DELEX refit cost $24 million per ship. For the "Restigouche"s this meant updating their sensor, weapon and communications systems. The class received the new ADLIPS tactical data system, new radar and fire control systems and satellite navigation. They were also fitted with a triple torpedo tube mounting to use the new Mk 46 torpedo. The ships began undergoing their DELEX refits in the early 1980s. However, by the time the ships emerged from their refits, they were already obsolete as the Falklands War had changed the way surface battles were fought.
Construction and career.
"Kootenay", named for a river in British Columbia, was laid down on 21 August 1952 by Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd. at North Vancouver, British Columbia. The ship was launched on 15 June 1954, the first of her class to do so. "Kootenay" was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 7 March 1959 at North Vancouver with the classification DDE 258.
"Kootenay" transferred to the east coast following work ups. She was named the Senior Officer Ship of the escort for the royal yacht which brought Queen Elizabeth II to and around Canada for a royal visit in 1959. Following workups she joined the Fifth Canadian Escort Squadron. In August 1960, the destroyer escort, along with sister ships , and , took part in the 500th anniversary of Prince Henry the Navigator's death off Lisbon. In March 1961, the destroyer escort was among the ships that took part in a combined naval exercise with the United States Navy off Nova Scotia. In January 1966, with the restructuring of the Royal Canadian Navy into Maritime Command, "Kootenay" was assigned to the First Canadian Escort Squadron.
Explosion.
On 23 October 1969 "Kootenay" was operating in European waters with a Canadian task group comprising the aircraft carrier and seven other destroyer escorts. The task group was returning to Canada, transiting the English Channel when "Kootenay" and separated from the rest of the ships to perform sea trials of their engines, roughly off Plymouth, United Kingdom. Following the completion of "Saguenay"s trials, "Kootenay" began hers at 0810, going to maximum speed. By 0821, the starboard gearbox had reached critical temperature level of approximately and exploded. The explosion killed 7 and injured 53 others and started a fire in the engine room. Two others died later of injuries suffered during the resulting fire. While the fire burned, the ship turned in large circles at full speed for 40 minutes. A bulge appeared in the starboard side of the vessel, created by the intense heat of the fire. Flares were fired to alert other ships and "Saguenay" and "Bonaventure" responded to "Kootenay"s distress, airlifting supplies and personnel to the destroyer 
The fire was brought under control by 1010 and extinguished between 1030 and 1100. The ship was towed to Plymouth by the Royal Navy tug "Samsonia". Her propellers were removed there and she was then towed to Halifax, Nova Scotia by the salvage tug "Elbe", leaving Plymouth on 16 November. "Kootenay" arrived at Halifax on 27 November. This event is considered the Royal Canadian Navy's worst peacetime accident. The event also marked the last time Canadian military personnel were buried overseas, as four of the sailors killed were buried in the United Kingdom. Following this event, policy was changed so that all Canadian military personnel are returned to Canada should they perish while on deployment. The Royal Canadian Navy's damage control training centre for Maritime Forces Atlantic was named "Damage Control Training Facility Kootenay" ("DCTF Kootenay") in honour of this incident.
Return to service.
While under repairs for the explosion damage, the ship underwent her IRE conversion. The ship returned to service on 7 January 1972. She transferred to the west coast, based out of Esquimalt, British Columbia, arriving on 12 February 1973. This was part of the re-ordering of naval forces following the Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, where four "Restigouche"-class vessels were transferred to the west coast, to replace the s in the Second Canadian Escort Squadron. Later in 1973, "Kootenay" and "Terra Nova" were deployed off the coast of Vietnam as part of the Canadian contribution to the International Commission of Control and Supervision following the end of the Vietnam War. In July 1978, "Kootenay" assisted the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in intercepting $28 million worth of marijuana off the coast of British Columbia.
In October 1981, "Kootenay", along with the replenishment ship , tracked a Soviet force operating in the Gulf of Alaska. They were later joined by the U.S. destroyer . In November 1981, cracks were discovered in the superheater headers in . The "Restigouche"-class vessels were inspected for similar damage, and "Kootenay" was found to have similar issues. The ship was repaired within six months. On 1 June 1989, "Kootenay" collided with the merchant vessel in fog approximately 28 miles off Cape Flattery. The destroyer escort suffered a gash in her bow above the waterline. In order to fix the damage, her bow was removed and replaced with that of sister ship which was out of service at the time. Repairs were completed on 6 June 1989. Though Maritime Command absolved the commanding officer of blame, the British Columbia Supreme Court found the ship to be mostly at fault for the collision in a 1996 decision.
In June 1990 "Kootenay", as part of Canadian task group, visited Vladivostok, from 3–7 June. She was among the first Canadian warships to do so since the Second World War. In 1994, the destroyer escort was deployed off the coast of Haiti to enforce the blockade sanctioned by the United Nations. She arrived on 13 July and remained until 15 September, returning to Esquimalt.
The ship was paid off on 18 December 1996. She was sold for use as an artificial reef. On 6 November 2000, she was towed out of Esquimalt to be sunk as such off Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. The ship's bell is currently held by the CFB Esquimalt Naval & Military Museum in Esquimalt.