Windage

Windage is a term used in aerodynamics, firearms ballistics, and automobiles.
Usage.
Aerodynamics.
Windage is a force created on an object by friction when there is relative movement between air and the object. Windage loss is the reduction in efficiency due to windage forces.
For example, electric motors are affected by friction between the rotor and air. Large alternators have significant losses due to windage. To reduce losses, hydrogen gas may be used, since it is less dense.
There are two causes of windage:
The term can refer to:
Aerodynamic streamlining can be used to reduce windage.
There is a hydrodynamic effect similar to windage.
Ballistics.
In firearms parlance, the word "windage" refers to the sight adjustment used to compensate for the horizontal deviation of the projectile trajectory from the intended point of impact due to wind drift or Coriolis effect. By contrast, the adjustment for the vertical deviation is the "elevation".
The colloquial term "Kentucky windage" refers to the practice of holding the aim to one side of the target to compensate for wind (also known as "leading" the wind), without actually changing the existing adjustment settings on the gunsight.
In muzzleloading firearms, "windage" also refers to the difference in diameter between the bore and the ball, especially in muskets and cannons. The bore gap allows the shot to be loaded quickly, but reduces the efficiency of the weapon’s internal ballistics, as it allows gas to leak past the projectile. It also reduces the accuracy, as the ball takes a zig-zag path along the barrel, emerging out of the muzzle an unpredictable angle.
Automobiles.
In automotive parlance, windage refers to parasitic drag on the crankshaft due to sump oil splashing on the crank train during rough driving, and/or dissipating energy in turbulence from the crank train moving the crankcase gas and oil mist at high RPM. Windage may also inhibit the migration of oil into the sump and back to the oil pump, creating lubrication problems. Some manufacturers and aftermarket vendors have developed special scrapers to remove excess oil from the counterweights and windage screens to create a barrier between the crankshaft and oil sump.