Tesla Autopilot

Tesla Autopilot is a suite of advanced driver-assistance system features offered by Tesla that has lane centering, traffic-aware cruise control, self-parking, automatic lane changes, semi-autonomous navigation on limited access freeways, and the ability to summon the car from a garage or parking spot. In all of these features, the driver is responsible and the car requires constant supervision. The company claims the features reduce accidents caused by driver negligence and fatigue from long-term driving. In October 2020, Consumer Reports called Tesla Autopilot "a distant second" (behind Cadillac's Super Cruise), although it was ranked first in the "Capabilities and Performance" and "Ease of Use" category. As an upgrade to the base Autopilot capabilities, the company's stated intent is to offer full self-driving (FSD) at a future time, acknowledging that legal, regulatory, and technical hurdles must be overcome to achieve this goal. 
As of April 2020, most experts believe that Tesla vehicles lack the necessary hardware for full self-driving. Tesla was ranked last by Navigant Research in March 2020 for both strategy and execution in the autonomous driving sector. In October 2020, Tesla released a "beta" version of its FSD software to a small group of testers in the United States. Many industry observers criticized Tesla's decision to use untrained consumers to validate the beta software as dangerous and irresponsible. Similarly, many collisions featuring Tesla with Autopilot engaged has drawn the attention of the press and government agencies. 
History.
Elon Musk first discussed the Autopilot system publicly in 2013, noting "Autopilot is a good thing to have in planes, and we should have it in cars."
All Tesla cars manufactured between September 2014 and October 2016 had the initial hardware (HW1) that supported Autopilot. On October 9, 2014, Tesla offered customers the ability to pre-purchase Autopilot capability within a "Tech Package" option. At that time Tesla stated Autopilot would include semi-autonomous drive and parking capabilities, and was not designed for self-driving. 
Tesla Inc. developed initial versions of Autopilot in partnership with the Israeli company Mobileye. Tesla and Mobileye ended their partnership in July 2016.
Software enabling Autopilot was released in mid-October 2015 as part of Tesla software version 7.0. At that time, Tesla announced its goal to offer self-driving technology. Software version 7.1 then removed some features - to discourage customers from engaging in risky behavior - and added the Summon remote-parking capability that can move the car forward and backward under remote human control without a driver in the car.
In March 2015, speaking at an Nvidia conference, Musk stated:
In December 2015, Musk predicted "complete autonomy" by 2018.
On August 31, 2016, Elon Musk announced Autopilot 8.0, which processes radar signals to create a coarse point cloud similar to lidar to help navigate in low visibility, and even to "see" in front of the car ahead of the Tesla car. In November 2016, Autopilot 8.0 was updated to have a more noticeable signal to the driver that it is engaged and to require drivers to touch the steering wheel more frequently. By November 2016, Autopilot had operated actively on HW1 vehicles for 300 million miles (500 million km) and 1.3 billion miles (2 billion km) in "shadow" (not active) mode.
Tesla states that as of October 2016, all new vehicles come with the necessary sensors and computing hardware, known as hardware version 2 (HW2), for future full self-driving. Tesla used the term "Enhanced Autopilot" (EA) to refer to HW2 capabilities that were not available in hardware version 1 (HW1), which include the ability to automatically change lanes without requiring driver input, to transition from one freeway to another, and to exit the freeway when your destination is near.
Autopilot software for HW2 cars came in February 2017. It included traffic-aware cruise control, autosteer on divided highways, autosteer on 'local roads' up to a speed of 35 mph or a specified number of mph over the local speed limit to a maximum of 45 mph. Software version 8.1 for HW2 arrived in June 2017, adding a new driving-assist algorithm, full-speed braking and handling parallel and perpendicular parking. Later releases offered smoother lane-keeping and less jerky acceleration and deceleration.
In August 2017, Tesla announced that HW2.5 included a secondary processor node to provide more computing power and additional wiring redundancy to slightly improve reliability; it also enabled dashcam and sentry mode capabilities.
In March or April 2019, Tesla began fitting a new version of the "full self-driving computer", also known as hardware 3 (HW3), which has two Tesla-designed microprocessors.
In April 2019, Tesla started releasing an update to Navigate on Autopilot, which does not require lane change confirmation, but does require the driver to have hands on the steering wheel. The car will navigate freeway interchanges on its own, but the driver needs to supervise. The ability is available to those who have purchased Enhanced Autopilot or Full Self Driving Capability.
In May 2019, Tesla provided an updated Autopilot in Europe, to comply with new UN/ECE R79 regulation related to Automatically commanded steering function.
In September 2019, Tesla released software version 10 to early access users, featuring improvements in driving visualization and automatic lane changes.
In February 2019, Musk stated that Tesla's Full Self Driving capability would be "feature complete" by the end of 2019. 
As of December 28, 2019, Tesla's order page for "Full Self-Driving Capability" stated:
In January 2020, he pushed back his projection to be feature complete to the end of 2020, and added that feature complete "doesn't mean that features are working well."
In April 2020, Tesla released a "beta" feature to recognize and respond to stop signs and traffic lights.
In July 2020, industry experts said that Musk and Tesla's autonomous driving plans lack credibility, and their goal of achieving level 5 autonomy by the end of 2020 isn't feasible.
In August 2020, Musk stated that 200 software engineers, 100 hardware engineers and 500 "labelers" are working on Autopilot.
In September 2020, Tesla reintroduced the term "Enhanced Autopilot" for a subset of features which provides full autopilot on highways, parking, and summon. Compared to this, Full Self Driving adds automation on city roads with traffic lights.
In October 2020, Tesla introduced to Early Access Program (EAP) testers automatic driving on city streets.
Driving features.
Tesla's Autopilot can be classified as level 2 under the SAE International six levels (0 to 5) of vehicle automation. At this level, the car can act autonomously, but requires the driver to monitor the driving at all times and be prepared to take control at a moment's notice. Tesla's owner's manual states that Autopilot should not be used on city streets or on roads where traffic conditions are constantly changing; however, some current full self-driving capabilities ("traffic and stop sign control (beta)"), and future full self-driving capabilities ("autosteer on city streets") are advertised for city streets.
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