Sakai incident

The was the killing of 11 French sailors from the French corvette "Dupleix" in the port of Sakai near Osaka, Japan in 1868.
On March 8, 1868, a skiff sent to Sakai was attacked by samurai of the Tosa clan; 11 sailors and midshipman Guillou were killed (a monument in Kobe is now erected to their memory). At the time, the port of Sakai was open to foreign ships, and the Tosa troops were in charge of policing the city.
The French captain Abel-Nicolas Bergasse du Petit-Thouars protested so strongly that an indemnity of 150,000 dollars was agreed upon, and 29 troop members who admitted firing shots as well as the troop leaders were sentenced to death by "seppuku" at Myōkoku-ji. However, fearing that executing all troop members would inflame anti-foreign sentiment which was already rising in Japan, the number was reduced to 20 by a draw. However, at the execution, the indignant samurai cut open their abdomens and allowed their intestines to flow, to shock the French who were observing the execution. After 11 performed their own execution, which matched the number of French killed, the French captain requested a pardon, sparing nine of the samurai to banishment instead. Quoting the "Moniteur", the London "Morning Post" described the executions:
This incident was dramatised in a short story, "Sakai Jiken", by Mori Ōgai.