Asperity (geotechnical engineering)

In geotechnical engineering and contact mechanics the term asperity is used to refer to individual features of unevenness ("roughness") of the surface of a discontinuity, grain, or particle with heights in the range from approximately 0.1 mm to the order of metres. Below the asperity level, surface interactions are normally considered to be a "material" property, arising from mechanisms of adhesion and repulsion at the atomic scale (often accounted for by "material friction", "atomic friction" or "molecular friction").
Dilation.
An often used definition for "asperities" in geotechnical engineering:
Unevenness of a surface are "asperities" if these cause dilation if two blocks with in between a discontinuity with matching "asperities" on the two opposing surfaces (i.e. a "fitting discontinuity") move relative to each other, under low stress levels that do not cause breaking of the "asperities".
Contrast with asperity in materials science.
Materials science recognizes asperities ranging from the sub-visual (normally less than 0.1 mm) to the atomic scale.