Virginia Capital Trail

The Virginia Capital Trail (VCT) is a dedicated, paved bicycle and pedestrian trail crossing four counties and between Jamestown and Richmond, Virginia — that is, between the Colony of Virginia's first "capital" and Virginia's current "capital". 
Construction on the trail, informally called the "Cap Trail", or simply "the Cap," began in 2006 and completed in October 2015. Its zero mile marker at Jamestown is directly adjacent to Jamestown Settlement and near the foot of the Colonial Parkway — a scenic road linking Jamestown, Williamsburg and Yorktown. At Richmond, the trailhead is next to the James River at the downtown flood gates of Great Shiplock Park. 
The VCT largely parallels Virginia Route 5, a Virginia Scenic Byway, with its own physically separated, asphalt-paved lane — including its own lane on the Dresser Bridge over the Chickahominy River. The trail, which crosses Route 5 at marked intersections, ranges in width from eight to ten feet (2.4 to 3.0 m) and is dedicated exclusively to non-motorized pedestrian and bicycle use. In many locations it is surrounded by deep woods and separated from the road by a vegetation barrier — crossing about 30 wood bridges and varying from mostly flat toward Jamestown and mostly rolling toward Richmond. At Varina, near Richmond, the trail passes through Four Mile Creek Park and makes a 3.5-mile horseshoe-shaped diversion around the Route 5 and I295 interchange.
Amenities along the largely rural, wheelchair-accessible path include parking areas, restrooms, shelters, fix-it stations with tethered tools and air pumps — as well as private restaurants, gas stations, food vendors, bike rental and tour companies. Points of interest include parks and wildlife habitats as well as numerous prominent historic monuments, buildings (including former homes of Presidents John Tyler, William Henry Harrison, and Benjamin Harrison) and plantations (including Shirley and Berkeley Plantations). 44 historical markers along the route describe 400 years of political, social, military, and economic history. Near Richmond the trail passes through an area of riverfront adaptive reuse developments where former industrial factories have been converted to loft apartments and offices. Before ending under flyovers of Interstate 95 near Richmond's Shockoe Bottom area, the trail passes through "The Low Line", a landscaped linear park under an active, elevated CSX rail trestle. 
A private shuttle services partial or one-way users. The Virginia Capital Trail Foundation hosts an annual fund raiser bike ride, marketed as "The Cap2Cap." As of early 2019, more than 50 trained volunteers serve as Capital Trail Ambassadors — identifying hazards (gravel, poor signage, etc) and providing information, directions, mechanical assistance and minor medical attention. The trail is part of the 4,228-mile TransAmerica Trail as well as the "Historic Coastal Route" of the East Coast Greenway.
The VCT is a working partnership of the Virginia Capital Trail Foundation (VCTF), a tax exempt organization which promotes the path, and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), which built and maintains it. The VCT was largely purpose-built over 12 years as a multi-use trail, with a small portion near downtown Richmond converted from a previous rail bed. The trail cost approximately $75 million to construct — with approximately $70 million from federal funding and $5 million from state and local funding. VDOT maintains a system of seven realtime trail counters, which received 550,000 counts its first completed year and more than 1,4 million counts as of mid-2018 — with a daily average of 300.
In 2016, the VCT won the Urban Land Institute's "Lingerfelt Award for Best Overall Project" and the ULI's award for "Best Community Impact" — as well as Virginia Commonwealth University's Excellence in Virginia Government "Public-Private Partnership Award." In 2017, the trail received the Scenic Virginia "Scenic Tourism Award".
Development.
In 2003, Virginia's Secretary of Transportation (now former state delegate), Whitt Clement, a Danville, Virginia native, had witnessed the positive impact of the Danville Riverwalk Trail. Clement developed financial support for the VCT, an idea that been developing for more than a dozen years, and developed bipartison support to have an area adjacent to Route 5 surveyed. He subsequently founded Virginia Capital Trail Foundation, a nonpartisan advocacy partner to provide expertise, raise public awareness, seek funding and contributions as well as to promote the trail. The project received the support of the state's four successive Virginia governors.
Sections.
Mileage is signaled in single mile markers along the trail in seven groups, color coded to sections which roughly reflect construction phases, here listed from Jamestown to Richmond:
Williamsburg and expansion.
Despite the mission of the VCTF being to connect Richmond and Williamsburg, the VCT currently has its eastern terminus in Jamestown, and does not extend to Williamsburg. Users can reach Williamsburg by the Colonial Parkway or other routes without a dedicated pedestrian or bike lane. A dedicated trail connecting mile marker zero of the VCT and Williamsburg is under study as the Birthplace of America Trail (BoAT) — envisioned as two, thirty mile trails connecting the VTC with both a proposed South Hampton Roads Trail and a trail to Fort Monroe.
The VCT is proposed to the currently planned Appomattox River Trail, a 9.9 mile moderately trafficked pedestrian, bicycle and pet-friendly trail near Petersburg, Virginia.