Penny board

A Penny board is a type of plastic skateboard, known within the industry as a short cruiser. The term "Penny" is synonymous with "Penny skateboards", an Australian-based company founded in 2010 by Ben Mackay. Penny is a registered trademark for skateboards, but has been widely genericised to describe all small plastic skateboards due to the brand's popularity. Penny Skateboards pair a plastic deck with cruiser wheels and trucks. This combination now epitomises a "Penny board" in generic terms. Because they are made out of plastic, Penny boards have a lighter weight, but are also strong.
Penny boards are composed of several different parts, which are made separately. They can be purchased either as complete, fully assembled skateboards, or in separate parts. They are available in a variety of colours and designs. They are sold in four different deck sizes, the , (the Nickel), cruiser and longboard.
History.
Some of the earliest plastic skateboards were created in 1978 by Larry Stevenson, a former Venice Beach lifeguard, who developed a line of plastic boards for his brand Makaha. In the 1990s, other plastic skateboard brands such as Stereo Skateboards, Krooked Skateboards and Globe emerged on the plastic skateboard market.
Ben Mackay created the Penny board in 2010, from which the brand Penny Skateboards was born. Penny Skateboards was named after Ben Mackay's sister, Penny. The idea behind the creation of the company was inspired by Mackay’s first ever skateboard, a small plastic cruiser his father bought for him at a garage sale, when he was just five years old.
Ben Mackay first started manufacturing and designing his own skateboards to sell to local skate shops. Drawing on woodworking and sales skills handed down from his father, he was determined to fulfill his dream of creating his own skateboard brand. Mackay began experimenting with different shapes and types of boards. He used a variety of materials, such as fiberglass and carbon inserts, as an alternative to timber.
Characteristics.
Penny boards are distinguished by a plastic deck, offered in an array of colours. Different parts of the Penny board structure are available in a variety of colours and designs, which can be chosen by the buyer to create their own customised Penny board. Penny boards are smaller and lighter to carry around compared to wooden skateboards. Penny Skateboards encourages barefoot riding via their social media accounts, particularly during the summer.
Components and Customisation.
Penny sells components separately for customers looking to customise or replace certain parts. They offer standalone decks in the 22" and 27" sizes, wheels, bearings, bolts, bushings, and griptape. 
Customers can buy all the components separately to create countless unique boards if none of the official penny boards that are offered suit to the customer's tastes.
Deck.
Penny skateboard decks are made from a plastic, designed to give the structure of the deck a combination of strength and flexibility. Featuring a non slip, "waffle top" texture, Penny skateboard decks are available in a wide range of different colours and styles, and can be purchased separately, or as a part of preassembled, complete skateboards.
Griptape.
Griptape is offered for Penny’s 22" and 27" models for those who are looking for a little more security in their rides. The griptape is pre-cut and ready to apply onto the deck of the penny board. Just like all their other offerings, they come in unique designs and colours.
Trucks.
Penny trucks are made from cast aluminum. The purpose of the trucks is to connect the board's wheels and bearings to the deck. The trucks are composed of two parts; the baseplate, which is screwed to the top part of the deck, and the hanger, which the axle runs through. Between the baseplate and the hanger are bushings (also commonly referred to as rubbers, grommets, or cushions) which function as a cushion for the truck when it turns. The stiffer the bushings, the more resistant the Penny board will be to turning. The softer the bushings, the easier it is to turn. A kingpin bolt holds these parts together, and fits inside the bushings. By tightening or loosening the kingpin nut, the trucks can be adjusted loosely for better turning, and tightened for more stability.
Wheels.
Penny board wheels are made from Polyurethane, with a plastic core. The wheels on and Penny boards have a diameter of , while Penny longboard wheels have a larger diameter of .
The hardness of Penny wheels, known as the "durometer" rating, is an important element of the Penny board's design. On a hardness scale of 65A to 100A, all Penny wheels are rated at 83A, making them ideal for cruising. In combination with the board's weight, Penny wheels naturally gather momentum and speed. The broadness of Penny wheels make them suitable for navigating slightly rough surfaces.
Partners.
Penny Skateboards has partnered up with artists, skaters, and big-name brands over the years. Penny has launched collections detailing their relationship with colorful and unique boards that tailor to their partners. Penny currently has collections with Andy Davis, Star Wars, Burger Records, and Tyler Sprangler.
Transportation.
Unlike Skateboards which are often used for performing tricks penny boards are usually utilized solely for transportation. Simply riding a skateboard without any tricks is referred to as cruising. Both traditional skateboards and penny boards have a close relationship with transportation, especially transportation to and on university campuses. A United States census found that the highest rates of non-motorized transportation is seen in between the ages 16–24 year-old. Thus it can be reasonably suggested that skateboards, usually penny boards, for various reasons, have an increased presence on large college campuses. Students are seen cruising between classes and resting their boards against the walls of lecture halls. These non-motorized modes of transportation are so popular that according to the California Department of Transportation, travelers such as skateboarders, roller skaters, and scooter users ride nearly 50 million miles per year. Moreover, a survey at University of California, Santa Barbara found that 7% of students skateboard to class compared to the 6% that drive a vehicle to campus. Skateboards are a hugely popular form of transportation, yet many schools maintain policies prohibiting their use on campuses, claiming they are disruptive and harmful to the campus. However, penny boards compact size, convenience, aesthetic, and fun nature are what continue to draw thousands of students to these boards.