IBP, Inc. v. Alvarez

IBP, Inc. v. Alvarez, 546 U.S. 21 (2005), is a US labor law case of the a United States Supreme Court, interpreting the Federal Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, as amended by the Portal-to-Portal Act of 1947. 
Facts.
Workers for the Iowa Beef Processors, Inc. (IBP, Inc.) (now Tyson Foods, Inc.) filed a class-action lawsuit for unpaid wage reparations. Workers were not being paid for time spent putting on and taking off protective gear, nor for time walking to and from the changing area. IBP, Inc. argued that changing into protective gear did not constitute a “principal activity” of the job, and thus was not compensable by law.
Judgment.
The Supreme Court held unanimously that putting on protective gear and walking to and from changing areas are “integral and indispensable” to the job's “principal activities”, and must be paid.
The court said, however, waiting time in a queue for protective gear was “two steps removed from principal activities”, is not compensable under FLSA regulations. However, time spent waiting to put on protective gear before leaving at the end of the workday should be paid. Compensable work hours begin at the time the employer asks employees to arrive. If employees are forced to wait at the beginning of their shift because the employer does not yet have protective gear available, employees will be compensated for their waiting time.
Significance.
This case overturned a previous ruling by the United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit, in "Tum v Barber Foods, Inc" in 2003. Forty-four employees filed a class action suit against Barber Foods, Inc., identical in nature to employees' complaints against IBP, Inc. Barber Foods successfully argued that time spent donning and doffing protective gear was minimal (2–4 minutes per day) and not included in productive work activity. Thus, Barber Foods was not required to compensate employees for time spent changing, waiting or walking between the changing room and the meatpacking floor.