Maverick (animal)

A maverick is an animal, usually a form of cattle, that does not carry a brand. It is a word also used to describe a person who acts free from constrains or from organizational guidelines.
A mustang is by definition a maverick horse.
Etymology.
The term "maverick" derives from Samuel Maverick, a rancher who among other claims to fame was notorious for not branding his cattle.
Other analogous U.S. terms include "slick", "hairy dick", and, in Spanish-speaking areas of the Southwest, "orejano". In other parts of the world different terms are used. In Australia and New Zealand, for example, an unbranded animal is a "cleanskin".
History.
American Old West.
In the era of American Old West cattle were grazed on open range. Cows would thus give birth in wild or semi-wild conditions. Occasionally calves would fail to be collected in the annual round up and escape branding. More rarely, these would grow into mature animals. As such, they could be captured, claimed, and branded and by any rancher capable of doing so.
Today.
Some animals are left unbranded today for reasons that include being destined for the show ring, to avoid a scar on a hide intended for leatherworking, and opposition to its overt cruelty. These animals, however, are not left free of identification, receiving instead some form of somewhat more humane methods, which include freeze branding, tattooing, the forcible attachment of penetrating ear tags, and microchip implanting, usually in the neck.
As a result of this variety of methods, and the reality that most cattle today are run on private ranches, an unidentified mature animal is rarely found today. When one is, the most common practice is to make a concerted effort to locate a possible owner; failing that, the animal is typically put it up for public auction at a sheriff's sale, with the proceeds used to defray costs incurred in its handling.