Species of Diptera of Medical, Sanitary and Veterinary Importance Collected from Buffalo and Cattle Feces in Southern Gois, Brazil

T his study had the objective of determining the dipterous species present in buffalo and bovine dung, collected in southern Goiás between May 2003 and June 2004. T he dipterous pupae were obtained by means of the flotation method. T hey were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the dipterans emerged. T he dipterous species collected from cattle dung were: Archisepsis scabra (Loew) (Diptera: Sepsidae) with 310 specimens (9.0%); Brontaea debilis (Williston) (Diptera: Muscidae) with 127 (3.7%); Brontaea quadristigma (T homson) (Diptera: Muscidae) with 138 (4.0%); Cyrtoneurina pararescita Couri (Diptera: Muscidae) with 19 (0.5%); Palaeosepsis sp. (Diptera: Sepsidae) with 1948 (56.0%); and Sarcophagula occidua (Fabricius) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) with 931 (26.8%). T he dipterous species collected from buffalo dung were: A. scabra with 40 specimens (6.5%); B. debilis with 56 (8.9%); B. quadristigma with 49 (7.8%); C. pararescita with 151 (24.0%); Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with 51 (8.1%); Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) with 10 (1.6%); Oxysarcodexia thornax (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) with 70 (11.2%); Palaeosepsis sp. with 107 (17.0%); Ravinia belforti Prado & Fonseca (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) with 63 (10.0%); and Sarcophagula occidua with 31 (4.9%). Source: International Journal of Applied Science and T echnology. Estados Unios, p.54 57, 2014.

and other derivatives. For the supply of these food products to be able to meet the need, improved agricultural production practices are required (Seolin et al. 2012;Marchiori, 2013).
T hrough feedlot and semi-confined animal production systems, these foods can be obtained on a larger scale. However, in this management system, the manure accumulated in containers, in quantities proportional to the numbers of amount of animals, forms an excellent medium for several species of dipterous insects to breed and develop in rural environments (Armitage, 1986;Cunningham, 1985).
T he arthropod fauna occurring in manure consists of many species, and dipterous species that are harmful to humans and animals account for approximately 5.0%.
Some species of dipterous included in the infraorder Muscomorpha are of fundamental medical and veterinary importance, since they can produce myiasis (Oliveira et al., 2004) and act towards transmission of pathogens to humans and animals (Chow, 1940;Greenberg, 1971;Marchiori, 2013: Ekanem et al., 2013. T hese dipterans are potential mechanical vectors for etiological agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoan cysts and helminth eggs (Greenberg, 1971).
T he occurrence, distribution and prevalence of these flies in metropolitan areas are factors of great public health importance. In rural areas, these insects can cause decreased egg production and animal diseases and constitute a nuisance for human populations close to the breeding sites (Berti Filho et al., 1996;Couri and Barros, 2010).
T he aim of this study was to determine the dipterous species collected from buffalo and cattle dung in southern Goiás, Brazil.

-M aterial and M ethods -M aterial and M ethods
In southern Goiás, the experiment was conducted on the farm of the Agronomy School between May 2003 and June 2004. Every fortnight, 10 plates of fecal cake (of approximately 3 kg each) were produced from fresh bovine feces that were collected immediately after defecation in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex. A. Rich) and in corrals.
T he material was collected in plastic buckets and was homogenized. It was then placed in 10 round plastic supports, with a hole to allow rainwater to drain away. T his methodology was used for precise determination of the time between the emission of the fecal cake and its collection. T he feces remained exposed (five in the pastures and five in the corrals) for 15 days. After this period, the feces were taken to the laboratory for extraction of pupae by means of the flotation method.
T he pupae were removed with the aid of a sieve; they were counted and individually stored in gelatin capsules until the dipterous insects emerged. T he flies that emerged were identified with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope and were conserved in 70% alcohol. T he same methodology was used for buffalo feces.
Hypotheses regarding dipterous insect preferences for buffalo dung and cattle dung were tested by means of the chi-square test.

Results and Discussion Results and Discussion
A total of 3473 pupae of flies were collected from buffalo dung and were found to belong to three families and six different species (T able 1). From cattle feces, a total of 628 pupae of flies were collected and were found to belong to four families and 10 species (T able 2).
T he most abundant species in the buffalo and cattle dung were Palaeosepsis sp.
Sepsidae are usually found on or near animal feces or various other materials such as garbage, animal housing and low shrub foliage (Silva, 1991). In a preliminary survey of the Sepsidae family in Roraima, Brazil (the Maraca Project), the species Archisepsis scabra Loew and Palaeosepsis pusio Schiner were collected (Silva, 1991  3-T his study was the first survey of Diptera collected from buffalo feces in the state of Goiás, Brazil.