The Analysis of Factors Affecting Preparation Level for the Industry 4.0 Era in the COVID-19 Pandemic on Employees in DKI Jakarta

License: AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) This study analyses significant factors affecting the level of preparation for the industry 4.0 era related to anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic on employees in DKI Jakarta. Apart from being influenced by the anxiety of the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of preparation for the industry 4.0 is also differentiated by gender, age, education, marital status, decreasing income, and loyalty. Therefore, companies can arrange the planning related to preparing the industry 4.0 during the COVID-19 pandemic if those factors have been figured out. This study used a quantitative method, and the population of this study is full-time employees in DKI Jakarta. The sample was selected by using the snowball sampling technique distributed to 12 companies in DKI Jakarta. The distribution was conducted through the WhatsApp application for a month, and it was gained 228 respondents. Snowball sampling technique used in correlation with the implementation of large-scale social restrictions caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The data analysis used a multiple linear regression model. The results show that factors affecting the level of employees’ preparation in DKI Jakarta for industry 4.0 related to the anxiety of the COVID-19 pandemic are loyalty and a decrease in income. Society, 9 (1), 115-123, 2021

mosques, and also work from home for employees of the company, which certainly affect companies' performance (Turambi & Wuryaningrat, 2020). An employee who usually uses work equipment in the office must adjust to working from home. This is proven that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the preparation to face Industry 4.0 era.
The number of people and the number of deaths infected by COVID-19 were reported massively through various print media, electronic, and social media. This raises anxiety for the community, especially for employees, the anxiety of infected risk and the anxiety of occupation, which disrupts their economy, because the certainty of COVID-19 pandemic disappearance is unpredictable. It cannot be denied that uncertainty does not always stand side by side with preparation. This happened when people feel comfortable and accustomed to the conditions around them. Health, close relationship, and sufficient economy resulting in the neglect that circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic can happen at any time, so the comfort turns into prolonged anxiety and stress (Putri, 2020). In addition, anxiety can make employees more focused on personal needs than the preparation for Industry 4.0.
Men and women generally have different levels of preparation in facing the Industry 4.0 era, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, age also becomes a factor influencing the preparation for Industry 4.0 era. The youth generation generally is more prepared in facing the Industry 4.0 era, rather than older people who are not familiar with the digital age, and they certainly need more time to adjust to using digital devices. With the COVID-9 pandemic, marital status, the decreasing of income, and loyalty are possible in affecting the level of preparation for Industry 4.0. Suppose the factors affecting the level of preparation for the Industry 4.0 era related to anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic are figured out. In that case, companies can make an effort to keep the preparation of employees in facing the Industry 4.0 era. This becomes the purpose of this study to find out what factors which significantly affect the level of employees' preparation in DKI Jakarta for Industry 4.0 era during the COVID-19 pandemic, and then analyzing the factors affecting the level of employees' preparation in DKI Jakarta for Industry 4.0 era during COVID-19 pandemic.
The variables involved in this study were the level of preparation for the Industry 4.0 era during the COVID-19 pandemic according to gender, age, level of education, marital status, decreasing income, and loyalty.

1) Level of preparation in facing Industry 4.0 era
The preparation for Industry 4.0 era is a measurement to see what extent company's employee in DKI Jakarta has made the preparation. This variable is a latent variable measured by using the Likert scale, which indicators as follow: a. I am ready to work on the new system of the Industry 4.0 era. b. I am ready to work by using digital facilities. c. The use of computer in working is bothering me (-) d. 4.0 industrial era makes me stressed out (-) e. I am capable of working by using digital facilities f. My salary is quite enough to live in Industry 4.0 era. g. I can do good teamwork with other employees.
2) The anxiety on COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic gives multiple stress on community's lives, such as the anxiety of infected risk, the anxiety of death, losing families and relation, and getting stress caused by the termination of employment and decreasing income. On the other hand, anxiety can lead to preventive measures such as washing hands frequently, wearing a mask, avoiding talking to a person, insomnia, and changing food habits. The anxiety variables can be measured by using the Likert scale, which indicators as follows: a. I am worried about getting infected by COVID-19 b. I wash my hands in every 30 minutes c. I buy a lot of masks d. I use hand sanitizer often e. I avoid talking to people who are coughing even though I wear a mask f. I change my food habits during the COVID-19 pandemic g. I suffer from insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic h. I feel unhealthy during the COVID-19 pandemic i. I do not dare to leave the house during the COVID-19 pandemic 3) Gender 4) Age 5) Education, the recent education finished by respondents which the category is Bachelor degree and below Bachelor degree 6) Marital status, which the category is single, married, and divorce 7) The decreasing of income during the pandemic 8) According to the Great Dictionary of Bahasa, loyalty is obedience or fidelity' Loyalty in a job is the tendency of employees not to move to other companies (Siagian, 2010). This variable is measure by using the Likert scale, which indicators as follow: a. I stay working in this company even though my salary is reduced b. I do not have a plan to work in another company c. I work with all my heart for the company I work for now d. I already fit into this company e. I can say that I found no weakness in my workplace now

Research Methodology
This study used a quantitative method in which the population is full-time employees in companies in DKI Jakarta. The sample was taken by using snowball sampling, distributed questionnaires to employees in 12 companies. The distribution was conducted through the WhatsApp application for a month and gained 228 employees. WhatsApp application was chosen as a media for questionnaire distribution because of large-scale social restrictions implementation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Data analysis was conducted by using multiple linear regression models. The examination of reliability and validity of data from latent variables resulted that for the preparation variable for Industry 4.0 era, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0,788 and the items used are valid. For the preparation variable, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient is 0.658, and the items used are valid. For the loyalty variable, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient is 0,667, and the items used are valid. Multiple linear regression models analysis: The level of preparation = b0 + b1 gender + b2 age + b3 education + b4 marital status + b5 the decreasing of income + b6 anxiety + b7 loyalty. From the formula, the result of estimation and testing of the regression coefficient parameters as follows:  Table 3 indicates that the decreasing income and loyalty during the COVID-19 pandemic affect preparation levels for the Industry 4.0 era.

Table 4. R square and Durbin Watson
From the VIF value in Table 3, which is less than 10, Durbin Watson's value on Table 4 is close to 2, while from Figure 1 above, the assumption from the regression model is completed even though the R square value is not strong enough. Regression equation from Table 3 as follows: The level of preparation =22.180-1.624 decreased income + 0.342 loyalty.

Results and Discussion
From the equation above, it can be concluded that loyalty has a significant positive effect on the preparation level for the Industry 4.0 era. The higher employees' loyalty to their company, the higher the preparation level in facing the Industry 4.0 era. In addition, it can be concluded that the decreasing income has a negative effect on the level of preparation for Industry 4.0, which means employees who have low income during the COVID-19 pandemic will also have a low level of preparation for the Industry 4.0 era. However, the value from the regression coefficient is difficult to interpret because the level of preparation variable in facing the 4.0 industrial era is latent.
The loyalty of workers to their expertise in a long period is an investment in developing their competence and skill in facing every change. Therefore, the investment of time work will impact readiness to face the changes for individuals or even organizations. Sima et al. (2020) emphasized several key aspects of human resource development in the Industry 4.0 revolution decade: technological skill, training, education, and innovation. On the other side, there are three factors which give a contribution to human resource development in industry 4.0 revolution, 1) reducing the number of workers allocating for labor, 2) allocating workers to another region which produces higher value, and 3) increasing the demand of workers who have skill and competence related to new technology. However, the article did not mention specifically the correlation between workers' loyalty and the readiness to face the development of skill and competence in the Industry 4.0 era.
However, the article implied that experience in a long time is necessary to face and anticipate work activity changes in the industrial 4.0 era. One of the key factors in the effort of human resource development is a technological skill. As we know, the development of technology will impact the changes in any industrial line. Thus, workers' loyalty significantly influences the readiness to face the Industry 4.0 revolution era.
The second conclusion is the decreased income factor, which negatively impacts the level of preparation in facing the industrial 4.0 era. The phenomenon indicates that workers experiencing the decreased income level will have a low level of preparation in facing the Industry 4.0 era compared with the workers who do not experience the decreased income during the COVID-19 pandemic.
It cannot be denied that the COVID-19 pandemic has devastated various sectors of human life, such as economic, business, politics, art, and education. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed various business platforms significantly. Therefore, every business person must adopt the business process of their company with all those changes of the challenges faced by business persons in COVID-19 pandemic is remuneration.
COVID-19 pandemic causes the decrease in purchasing public interest, which also impacts the decreasing company sales level. This condition placed the company in a dilemma, among others 1) keeping the workers but providing them full remuneration, 2) keeping the workers, but providing them half of the remuneration, 3) giving layoff on some workers, and 4) closing the business. This condition will prove the resilience of a business company facing force majeure, which was never expected to impact the economic sector. Therefore, the expectation is that companies will stay afloat in any disadvantaged situation and try to keep their workers. However, with the decreasing of income, it can be ascertained that companies will give their workers full remuneration.
This study mentioned that the decreasing of income variable would have a negative impact on the level of preparation in facing the Industry 4.0 era. This is because workers will decrease work motivation due to the less remuneration they receive. This condition impacts every worker's performance behavior, which will become an obstacle in facing the preparation of the Industry 4.0 era.

Conclusion
This study concludes that the factors affecting the level of preparation for the Industry 4.0 era on employees in DKI Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic are loyalty and decreasing income. Therefore, the problem of loyalty and decreasing income should be given more attention by companies and increasing employees' welfare during the pandemic, which also increases the company's performance. The high loyalty of workers will have a better impact on preparing to face the Industry 4.0 era and can be actualized by providing better remuneration.
One of the strategies that the company can do is to reduce the percentage of profit gained to provide full remuneration. This strategy is certainly not applied in the long term. When vaccination programs conducted by the government reduces the COVID-19 pandemic, economic conditions will be stable, and companies can increase their profit. Companies that are