A Review on Cosmetic Preparation of Hair

Hair is an integrated system with a particu and physical behaviour. It is a complex structure of several morphological components that act as unit and has several functions, from protecting of skins to sexual and social communications. In literature, there are various study about hair that take into consideration different aspects within many fields of science, including biology, dermatology, cosmetics ,forensic science and medicine. These review the formulations and mode of action of hair cosmetics, summarized the principal anatomical a physiological aspect of different types of human hair, hair growth cycle, hair porosity. This review could be the basic improvement and progression in the field of hair research.


INTRODUCTION
Hair has two parts the follicle is in the skin and the shaft which is visible above the head. The hairs follicle has several layers with different function: substance that help to prevent hair and out. The origin of hair by week22, developing fetus has all of its hair follicle form.
At this stage of life there are about 5millio hair follicles on the body. There are total of one million on the head, with one hundred thousand of those fol residing on the scalp. This is the largest number of hair follicles a human will ever have, since we don't generate new hair follicles during the course of our live.[1,2] @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume -2 | Issue -4 | May-Jun Hair is an integrated system with a particular chemical and physical behaviour. It is a complex structure of several morphological components that act as unit and has several functions, from protecting of skins to sexual and social communications. In literature, there hat take into consideration different aspects within many fields of science, including biology, dermatology, cosmetics ,forensic science and medicine. These review the formulations and mode of action of hair cosmetics, summarized the principal anatomical and physiological aspect of different types of human hair, hair growth cycle, hair porosity. This review could be the basic improvement and progression in the field of scalp. Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair colour to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one colour on the same person. Particular hair colours are associated with ethnic groups. Gray or white hair is associated with age. [4] Genetic and biochemistry of hair colour: The genetics of hair colours are not yet firmly established. According to one theory, at least two gene pairs control colour. One phenotype (brown/blonde) has a dominant brown allele and a recessive blond allele. A person with a brown allele will have brown hair; a person with no brown alleles will be blond. This explains why two brown-haired parents can produce a blond-haired child. However, this can only be possible if both parents are heterozygous in hair colour-meaning that both of them have one dominant brown hair allele and one recessive allele for blond hair, but as dominant traits mask recessive ones the parents both have brown hair. The possibility of which trait may appear in an offspring can be determined with a Punnett square. [7]

Hair Growth Cycle
Hair on the scalp grows about .3 to.4mm/day or about 6 inches per year. Unlike other mammals, human hair growth and shedding is random and not seasonal or cyclical. At any given time, a random number of hairs will be in one of three stages of growth and shedding: anagen, catagen, and telogen.

Anagen
Anagen is the active phase of the hair. The cells in the root of the hair are dividing rapidly. A new hair is formed and pushes the club hair (a hair that has stopped growing or is no longer in the anagen phase) up the follicle and eventually out.
During this phase the hair grows about 1cm every days. Scalp hair stays in this active phase of growth for two to six year. Some people have difficulty growing their hair beyond a certain length because they have a short active phase of growth. On the other hand, people have long active phase of Anagen Anagen is the active phase of the hair. The cells in the root of the hair are dividing rapidly. A new hair is formed and pushes the club hair (a hair that has stopped growing or is no longer in the anagen phase) up the follicle and eventually out.
The hair on the arms, legs, eyelashes, and eyebrows have a very short active growth phase of about 30 to 45 days, explaining why they are so much shorter than scalp hair.

Catagen
The catagen phase is a transitional stage and about 3%of all hairs are in this phase at any time. This phase lasts for about two three weeks. Growth stops and the outer root sheath shrinks' and attaches to the root of the hair. This is the formulation of what is known as a club hair.

Telogen
Telogen is the resting phase and usually accounts for 6% to 8% of all hairs. This phase lasts for about 100 days for hairs on the scalp and longer for hairs on the eyebrow, eyelash, arm, and leg. During this phase, the hair follicle is completely formed. Pulling out a hair in this phase will reveal a solid, hard, dry, white material at the root. About 25 to 100 telogen hairs shed normally each day.

[8]
Why don't we have hair on palms?
The main functional reason is we need to be able to grip things with our hands (and feet, which are also hairless), and hair would interfere with that. Physiologically, the epidermis in these parts of the body is very thick and highly keratinized, and when combined with the thick under laying layer of dermis, this results in skin that does not support the growth and maturation of hair follicles Typically, people don't grown hair on the soles of our feet or palms of our hands. This is because this skin on these parts lacks hair follicles, and does not therefore produce hair. [9] Hair porosity: Hair porosity refers to how much moisture it certain. Certain hair types like curly hair may be impacted by porosity more than others due to a lack of moisture, but porosity can impact other hair (2) additives that contribute to the stability and comfort of the product; (3) conditioning agents, intended to impart softness and gloss, to reduce flyaway and to enhance disentangling facility, and (4) special care ingredients, designated to treat specific problems, such as dandruff and greasy hair." [12] Formulation of shampoo  1. Temporary Hair Colorants: They are leave-in preparations. The hair is not rinsed after the application of the colorant. The colorant is easily removed with one wash using a shampoo because they are absorbed in to the cuticle and cannot enter into the cortex of the hair. They are rarely called as water rinses.
(a) Powder Formulations: Formula Quantity for 100 g

Certified color 5g
Tartaric acid (buffer) 95g   (v) Nitrophenyienediamines (Gives colour in the range red to violet).
(vi) Anthraquinone (Gives violet to blue shades). The used of cosmetic has been increased many folds in personal care system and there is great demand in the market. so, this review could be the basic improvement and formulation of hair research.
2) Anatomy of hair article, in pubMed will retrieve 28879 records.int j Darmatol.