Six new species of Amblypsilopus Bigot (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Sciapodinae) and a key to species of the Afrotropical mainland

Six new species of Amblypsilopus Bigot, 1888 from the Afrotropical region are described and illustrated: A. gabonensis sp. nov. from Gabon, A. martini sp. nov., A. mufi ndiensis sp. nov. and A. udzungwensis sp. nov. from Tanzania, A. milleri sp. nov. from South Africa, and A. spiniscapus sp. nov. from Ivory Coast. Amblypsilopus gabonensis sp. nov. and A. spiniscapus sp. nov. are remarkable in having a setose antennal scape. Amblypsilopus martini sp. nov. and A. mufi ndiensis sp. nov. are peculiar in bearing very long setae on the antennal pedicel, mesonotum and scutellum. Amblypsilopus milleri sp. nov. is considered a member of the South African A. fasciatus species group despite its unmodifi ed wing venation. The new species differ also from other similar representatives of the genus in the morphology of the male cercus and the male secondary sexual characters on the legs. The male of A. bevisi (Curran, 1927) is described for the fi rst time. The following species described from females are considered doubtful (nomina dubia): A. fl avicollis (Becker, 1923), A. rectangularis (Parent, 1937), A. sudanensis (Parent, 1939) and A. tropicalis (Parent, 1933). Amblypsilopus subfascipennis (Curran, 1926) has a strongly sinuate wing vein dm-m and is transferred to Chrysosoma Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (comb. nov.). Chrysosoma ungulatum Parent, 1941 from Príncipe with an almost straight vein dm-m is transferred to Amblypsilopus (comb. nov.). Chrysosoma centrale Becker, 1923 from Tanzania also has a straight wing vein dm-m and modifi ed fore tarsus, being very close in habitus to A. steelei Grichanov, 1996, and is also transferred to Amblypsilopus (comb. nov.). Chrysosoma asperum Parent, 1933 from South Africa has the same characters, is almost identical to South African A. bevisi and is also transferred here to Amblypsilopus (comb. nov.) and newly synonymized with A. bevisi (syn. nov.). Presently, 66 reliable species of Amblypsilopus are known from the Afrotropical region, including 37 from the Afrotropical mainland. A revised identifi cation key to males of species of the Afrotropical mainland is provided. New records are given for some known species. The species diversity of the Afrotropical fauna and variability of morphological characters in the genus Amblypsilopus are briefl y discussed.


Introduction
The genus Amblypsilopus Bigot, 1888 is known from all realms with ca 360 species worldwide (Grichanov , 2021a(Grichanov , 2021b and 66 Afrotropical species, including 28 species from Madagascar and adjacent islands (Grichanov 2021a, this paper). The genus is highly diverse in the tropics and radiated greatly in the Australasian (118), Oriental (84) and Neotropical (44) regions as well . In the West Palaearctic, it is only represented by one possibly introduced European species and one species described from Turkey (Tonguç & Grootaert 2013). The genus has penetrated into the East Palaearctic with at least 12 species known from the Palaearctic provinces of China (Yang et al. 2018) and three species found in Japan and Russian Primorye (Grichanov 2020a).
The last key to the then known Afrotropical Amblypsilopus species was published by Grichanov (1998). Later, four species of the genus were described from the Afrotropical continent, A. parilis (Parent, 1931) was placed in synonymy with A. munroi (Curran, 1924) (Grichanov 1999(Grichanov , 2021b, and many new records have been published. See Grichanov (2018Grichanov ( , 2020b for a catalogue of Amblypsilopus species known from Afrotropical countries. Grichanov (2021a) described eleven new species from Madagascar and provided a key to species from this and adjacent islands.
In this paper, six new species of the genus Amblypsilopus from Gabon, Ivory Coast, South Africa and Tanzania are described, new records are given for some known species, and a revised identification key to males of continental Afrotropical species is provided. The male of A. bevisi (Curran, 1927) is described for the first time.

Material and methods
Material used in this study was borrowed from the museums listed below. The newly described species of Amblypsilopus were photographed with a ZEISS Discovery V-12 stereo microscope and an AxioCam MRc5 camera. Preparations of the male genitalia were photographed with a ZEISS Axiostar stereo microscope and an AxioCam ICc3 camera, and are stored in glycerol in a microvial attached to the insect pin. Morphological terminology and abbreviations follow Cumming & Wood (2017) and Grichanov & Brooks (2017). The lengths of the podomeres and wing vein sections are given in millimetres. Body length is measured from the base of the antenna to the tip of abdominal segment 6. Wing length is measured from the base to the wing apex.  (Irwin, 1974) 4. Wing with reduced apical sclerotized spot and dense patch of thickened macrotrichia (Irwin 1974: fig. 11); wing with two rows of hook-like setae below M 1 ; cercus small with elongate base (Irwin 1974 5. Arista-like stylus cylindrical at tip; upcurved portion of wing vein M 1 beyond fork M 1+2 with definite, thickened spot; dm-m with two slightly thickened areas, these thickenings not forming distinct spots (Irwin 1974: fig. 13); body: 6.9 mm (South Africa  (Irwin, 1974) -Arista-like stylus horizontally spatulate at tip; upcurved portion of M 1 beyond fork M 1+2 slightly swollen, with darkened area; dm-m with two definite, swollen spots (Irwin 1974 (Irwin, 1974) 6. M 2 absent; M 1 with strong V-shaped curvature (Parent 1937: fig. 7 (Parent, 1937) -Cercus subtriangular, widest at apex, with wide apical excavation (Parent 1941: fig. 17 (Parent, 1941) comb. nov.

Key to species of Amblypsilopus
24. Fore femur with ventral brush of long dense curved yellow-brown hairs; tarsomere 5 of mid tarsus white; cercus bifurcated at apex (Grichanov 1996: fig. 5 28. Fore tibia flattened posterodorsally and anteroventrally, devoid of setulae on flat sides; mid tarsus with 1 st -4 th segments flattened anteriorly and posteriorly; cercus with short thick ventral process at middle (Grichanov 1999 (Parent, 1936) -Legs entirely black; all femora with a row of brown or black setae; cercus simple, with small tubercle (Parent 1936 (Parent, 1936) (Curran, 1924) -Fore basitarsus 1.5-2 times as long as second tarsomere and ⅔ to 9/10 as long as tarsomeres from second to fifth; cercus (Grichanov 1996 (Parent, 1937) 35. All femora with white ventral hairs on basal half, longer than femur diameter; mid femur with white hairs turning into long black hairs on apical half of posteroventral surface; apical third of fore basitarsus with ventral pad of short hooked hairs; mid tibia with two short dorsal setae; cercus with long ventral cilia; surstylus strongly curved (Grichanov 1996 (Becker, 1923) -Femora with short ventral hairs on basal half; fore tarsus with simple setulae; cercus with short hairs; surstylus long, almost straight (Grichanov 1996 (Curran, 1924) (A. signatus Becker, 1923 from Malawi also keys here, and the two names may be synonymous)

Diagnosis
See  for a full diagnosis of the species group. The Afrotropical Amblypsilopus abruptus species group shares mostly primitive characters, such as the short antennae, broad face, mostly nonornamented and non-elongated legs, unmodified wing venation, usually dark body and femora, simple cercus and surstylus.

Notes
The Amblypsilopus abruptus species group is widespread throughout the Old World tropics.  (Grichanov 2018).

Holotype
Legs (somewhat discolored). With coxae and femora black, tibiae and basitarsi light brown; fore and mid coxae with white hairs and 2-4 white subapical bristles; hind coxa with 3 white setae of different length; all femora with double row of white ventral setae on basal half, at most as long as diameter of femur; mid femur with 3 posteroventral subapical setae; fore tibia without distinct setae; fore tarsomeres 1-2 with complete posterior row of setae, hooked on basitarsus, as long as diameter of segment, with ventral pad of white hairs along entire length (Fig. 1C); mid and hind tibiae with several short dorsal and ventral setae; hind tarsomeres 3-5 distinctly thickened, with ventral pad of microscopic hairs (Fig. 1D) Wing (Fig. 1A). Widest at middle, greyish, veins brown; costa with simple setulae; R 4+5 gently curved to M 1 in apical third; M 1+2 almost straight; M 1 with strong elbow, forming nearly right angle with M 1+2 ; ratio of parts of costa between R 2+3 and R 4+5 to those between R 4+5 and M 1 , 2.5/1; crossvein dm-m straight; ratio of crossvein dm-m to apical part of M 1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of M 4 , 0.51/0.58/0.25; anal vein weak; anal lobe and alula well developed; anal angle acute; lower calypter blackish, with black cilia; halter dirty yellow.
abdoMen. Thin, shining blue-black, with black cilia and marginal setae; unmodified segments combined 1.7 times as long as thorax; segment 7 short, with black setae; hypopygium (Fig. 1E) brown-black, with blackish appendages; cercus as long as epandrium, bifurcated at middle, with unequal lobes, densely covered with light hairs; surstylus flattened, projected, with few short setae at apex; epandrial lobe small, with 1 long and 1 short apical setae; 1 short epandrial seta.

Female
Unknown.

Remarks
Two Amblypsilopus females were collected during the same expedition from the Zogouale locality (7°25ʹ N, 7°34ʹ W), close to the A. spiniscapus sp. nov. type locality. They also have remarkable dorsal setae on the antennal scape, but cannot be associated with the new species, because those females bear dorsoapical stylus on the postpedicel, distinctly yellow fore coxa on distal half and yellow femora. They may belong to a different undescribed species.  2D) and male cercus with differently shaped lobes (Fig. 2E). The male of Amblypsilopus spiniscapus sp. nov. has erect hooked hairs on the fore basitarsus (Fig. 1C).
Legs (discolored). With coxae and femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellow to brownish; fore and mid coxae with white hairs and 2-4 white subapical bristles; hind coxa with 5 white setae of different lengths; all femora with double row of white ventral hairs on basal half or third, shorter than diameter of femur; fore and mid femur with 5 short black posteroventral subapical setae; fore tarsomeres 1-2 with ventral rows of microscopic white hairs along entire length (Fig. 2D); mid and hind tibiae with several short dorsal and ventral setae, each with 1-2 distinct anterodorsal bristles; hind tarsus simple with only segment 5 slightly thickened; femur, tibia and tarsomere (from first to fifth) length ratio (mm): fore leg: Wing. Ratio of parts of costa between R 2+3 and R 4+5 to those between R 4+5 and M 1 , 2.1/1; ratio of crossvein dm-m to apical part of M 1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of M 4 , 0.51/0.59/0.26.
abdoMen. Unmodified segments combined 2 times as long as thorax; cercus (Fig. 2E) nearly as long as epandrium, bifurcated at middle, with unequal lobes; dorsal lobe broad, with short setae at apex; ventral lobe narrow, hooked, with row of 6 strong setae; surstylus flattened, projected, with 1 long and few short setae at apex; epandrial lobe small, with 1 long and 1 short apical setae; 1 short epandrial seta.

Female
Unknown.  considered the Amblypsilopus fasciatus species group to be equivalent to the South African genus Sciopolina Curran, 1924, treated in Irwin (1974. The group is defined primarily by a male wing modification (MSSC), i.e., wing veins R 2+3 and R 4+5 are fused apically, and the wing apex has a more or less distinct apical sclerotized spot. The other morphological characters, including the hypopygium, are well within the range of variation found in the genus . Nevertheless, the here newly described males of A. bevisi and A. milleri have unmodified wings, but belong to the A. fasciatus species group on the basis of the morphology of the hypopygium and other characters listed below. Therefore, the group as a whole must be considered a part of the A. pallidicornis lineage as defined by . The complex of characters uniting species of that group are as follows (after Irwin 1974): body ground colour brilliant metallic yellowish-green, blue-green or purple-red, and brown; face broad, more or less bulging under antennae, with more or less protruding clypeus; antenna usually short (but very long in A. milleri); legs elongate, mainly yellow, poorly ornamented; wing anal lobe well developed and anal angle acute in both sexes (wing anal lobe often reduced in males of other species groups of Amblypsilopus); male cercus swollen at base, elongate and narrow, bearing rows of long setae (male cercus often furcate in other species of the genus). The male cercus in A. bevisi is almost identical to that in A. bonniae and A. macularivena, and the male cercus in A. milleri is quite similar to that in A. fasciatus, A. retrovena and A. stuckenbergorum (figured by Irwin 1974).

Notes
The Amblypsilopus fasciatus species group is confined to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Western Cape and bordering area of Eastern Cape). The following species belong to the A. fasciatus species group: A. bevisi, A. bonniae, A. fasciatus, A. macularivena, A. milleri, A. retrovena and A. stuckenbergorum. Amblypsilopus milleri with the long male antenna may relate with the Madagascan A. pallidicornis species group (see Grichanov 2021a). Amblypsilopus stuckenbergorum is the commonest species of the group, inhabiting montane forest and grassland zones of the eastern portion of southern Africa (Irwin 1974). (Curran, 1927) Fig. 3 Sciapus bevisi Curran, 1927: 11. Type locality: South Africa: Natal, Durban, Umbilo. Chrysosoma asperum Parent, 1933: 43 (in

Diagnosis
Amblypsilopus bevisi male is close to A. milleri sp. nov. in habitus, differing from the latter in the fore tibia and tarsus with erect pectination (Fig. 3D); the mid femur with short ventral hairs; the cercus swollen at base, narrow distally, with sparse long black setae along the entire length, without flattened area at the tip ( Fig. 3F-G). Amblypsilopus milleri sp. nov. differs from A. bevisi in the fore tibia and tarsus without erect pectination; the mid femur with at least 3 strong ventral bristles, as long as height of femur; the cercus elongate, with a comb of regular dorsal setae except for distal fifth, with a flattened area at tip covered ventrally with microscopic white hairs (Fig. 4H). Head (Fig. 3B). Frons greenish black, white pollinose; 1 strong anterior vertical bristle; 1 strong postvertical bristle; upper postocular setae black, short; lateral postocular setae white, uniserial; ventral postcranium covered with long irregular white hairs; face densely silvery-white pollinose, broadest at middle, wider than frons (3/2), bulging, 1.1 times as wide as high, under antennae 3.5 times as wide as postpedicel; clypeus densely covered with short white hairs, projected, 1.1 times as wide as high, separated from eyes; antenna (Fig. 3C) 1/4 as long as body, brown; scape simple; pedicel rounded, with ring of short bristles; postpedicel conoid, as long as high (10/9), with short hairs; arista-like stylus dorsoapical, microscopically haired; length (mm) of scape, pedicel, postpedicel, stylus (segments 1 and 2), 0.06/0.07/0.10/0.04/0.93; proboscis and palpus orange-yellow, with white hairs; palpus with 2 black setae.
Legs. Mostly yellow; mid coxa partly orange; tarsi brownish to brown from tip of basitarsi; fore and mid coxae with white hairs and 2-3 brown subapical setae; hind coxa with 4-5 fine yellow setae at middle; fore leg ( Fig. 3D) along entire length with dorsal, ventral and lateral rows of semi-erect setulae, not longer than diameter of corresponding podomere; mid and hind femora with very short ventral hairs; mid tibia with 2 short anterodorsals and 2 short posterodorsals, with 1 midventral short seta; mid tarsus simple, cylindrical; basitarsus with few short ventrals; hind tibia with several short dorsal and ventral setae; femur, tibia and tarsomere (from first to fifth) length ratio ( Wing (Fig. 3E). Almost hyaline, veins brown; R 4+5 gently curved to M 1 on apical third; M 1+2 almost straight; M 1 with strong elbow, forming obtuse angle with M 2 ; ratio of parts of costa between R 2+3 and R 4+5 to those between R 4+5 and M 1 , 3/1; crossvein dm-m almost straight; ratio of crossvein dm-m to apical part of M 1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of M 4 , 56/86/53; anal vein and lobe distinct; anal angle acute; alula present; lower calypter yellow with black apex, with fan of white setae; halter yellow with brownish knob.
abdoMen. Thin, 1.3 times as long as head and thorax combined, with short white hairs and long black marginal setae; segment 1 brown dorsally, yellow laterally, with white hairs and setae; unmodified segments shining bluish green, black posteriorly along sutures; segments 7 and 8 dark brown; segment 8 with white cilia; hypopygium (Fig. 3F) brown; hypandrium brown; cercus dirty yellow, 1.3 times as long as epandrium, broader at base, narrow distally, with strong black outer bristles (Fig. 3G), with short light hairs dorsally and longer light hairs ventrally; surstylus projected, moderately short and narrow, with short apical process and 4 long ventral setae; 3 long epandrial setae.

Female
Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual characters. Females examined have no significant difference from the original description (Curran 1927) and subsequently published diagnosis (Irwin 1974) of Amblypsilopus bevisi.

Remarks
Amblypsilopus bevisi was described from a single female that was collected in a coastal forest in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of the Republic of South Africa. Irwin (1974) studied the holotype, transferred the species to the genus Sciopolina Curran, 1924 (now Amblypsilopus fasciatus species group), measured and diagnosed the specimen, and considered it close to A. macularivena. However, females of the A. fasciatus species group (with modified male wings) are poorly distinguished from subequal in size females of some other species groups. Additional specimens of A. bevisi have never been reported. Abundant material collected from seven localities in the KwaZulu-Natal Province (NMSA) compelled me to associate it with this species. (Curran, 1927) New material of A. bevisi collected from the KwaZulu-Natal Province stimulated the re-examination of the description of Chrysosoma asperum Parent, 1933(Parent 1934. The latter species was described from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and has never been reported again. As it turned out, the species corresponds with the generic concept of Amblypsilopus, and its description is almost identical in all respects with the males of A. bevisi described above. Therefore, Chrysosoma asperum is placed here in synonymy with A. bevisi. The widespread polyzonal Chrysosoma tricrinitum Parent, 1933 is now the only representative of the genus Chrysosoma in South Africa (Grichanov 2018).
Amblypsilopus milleri sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1C5CBD0D-34DE-4714-BF5E-2BF70F5B5A8F Fig. 4 Diagnosis Amblypsilopus milleri sp. nov. is close to A. bevisi in habitus, differing from the latter in the fore tibia and tarsus without erect pectination; the mid femur with at least 3 strong ventral bristles, as long as height of femur (Fig. 4E); the cercus elongate, with comb of regular dorsal setae except for distal fifth, with flattened area at tip covered ventrally with microscopic white hairs (Fig. 4G-H). Amblypsilopus bevisi is distinguished by the fore tibia and tarsus with erect pectination (Fig. 3D); the mid femur with short ventral hairs; the cercus broader at base, narrow apically, with sparse long black setae along entire length, without flattened area at tip (see above) ( Fig. 3F-G).
Wing (Fig. 4F). Almost hyaline, veins brown; R 4+5 gently curved to M 1 on apical third; M 1+2 almost straight; M 1 with strong elbow, forming obtuse angle with M 2 ; ratio of parts of costa between R 2+3 and R 4+5 to those between R 4+5 and M 1 , 4/1; crossvein dm-m almost straight; ratio of crossvein dm-m to apical part of M 1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of M 4 , 73/125/54; anal vein and lobe distinct; anal angle acute; alula present; lower calypter yellow with black apex, with fan of white setae; halter yellow with brownish knob.
abdoMen. Thin, 1.8 times as long as head and thorax combined, with short white hairs and long black marginal setae; segment 1 yellow, with white hairs and setae; unmodified segments mostly orange-brown (holotype) or brownish yellow (paratype), becoming darker posteriorly, black posteriorly along sutures, shining green dorsally; segments 7 and 8 brownish yellow; segment 8 with short hairs; hypopygium ( Fig. 4G) yellow; hypandrium brown; cercus yellow, broader at base, narrow apically, about 2 times as long as epandrium, with comb of regular dorsal setae except for distal fifth, with flattened area at tip covered ventrally with microscopic white hairs; surstylus projected, broad and relatively short, subtriangular, with few long dorsal and distal setae; 3 long pedunculate epandrial setae (Fig. 4H).
Similar to male except lacking male secondary sexual characters. Frons with strong and long anterior vertical seta; face under antennae about 2 times as wide as postpedicel; mesonotum with 6 strong dorsocentrals, without acrostichals; fore basitarsus as long as fore tibia and 2.5 times as long as tarsomere 2.

Diagnosis
The Amblypsilopus mufindiensis species group is here created for the two newly described species, differing from all other Afrotropical species of the genus in very long bristles on the antennal pedicel and mesonotum; the scutellum bears 15-20 long dorsal and marginal cilia in addition to pair of strong setae; all femora have rows of very long setae or hairs, and mid tarsi are covered with elongate setulae. However, the other morphological characters are similar to those in A. bevisi, a member of Amblypsilopus fasciatus species group. Therefore, the A. mufindiensis species group must be also considered a part of the A. pallidicornis lineage as defined by .

Notes
Amblypsilopus mufindiensis and A. martini compose the A. mufindiensis species group, both species found on the Tanzanian highlands at a distance of about 400 km from each other.

Holotype
Legs. Mostly yellow; mid and hind coxae black; tarsi brownish to black from middle of basitarsi; all coxae with numerous long white hairs; fore coxa with 3 black subapical setae; fore femur ( Fig. 5D) with anteroventral row of 10-12 long black setae on basal half, with complete posterior and posteroventral rows of long white setae becoming black at apex; all setae about 2 times as long as fore femur height; fore tibia and tarsus without remarkable setae or hairs; mid femur with anterior row of white setae on basal ⅔, as long as femur height, with complete posterior and posteroventral rows of white setae becoming black at apex, about 2 times as long as mid femur height; mid tibia with 3 short anterior setae, without ventral setae; mid tarsus simple, with tarsomeres 2-5 with anterior and posterior rows of elongate black setulae (Fig. 5E); hind femur with posterior row of white setae on basal ⅓, about 2 times as long as femur height; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsals, several short posterodorsal and ventral setae; femur, tibia and tarsomere (from first to fifth) length ratio (mm): fore leg: Wing (Fig. 5F). Almost hyaline, veins brown; R 4+5 gently curved to M 1 on apical third; M 1+2 straight on basal half, then slightly convex anteriad; M 1 with strong elbow, forming right angle with M 1+2 ; ratio of parts of costa between R 2+3 and R 4+5 to those between R 4+5 and M 1 , 4/1; crossvein dm-m weakly sinuate; ratio of crossvein dm-m to apical part of M 1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of M 4 , 114/84/41; anal vein and lobe distinct; anal angle acute; alula present; lower calypter yellow with black apex, with fan of long white setae; halter yellow.
abdoMen. Thin, slightly longer than head and thorax combined, mostly shining dark green, black posteriorly along sutures, with short black hairs and long marginal bristles; segment 1 with long white hairs; hypopygium (Fig. 5G) black, with blackish brown appendages; cercus (Fig. 5I) black, brown at base, simple, 1.5 times as long as epandrium, broader at base, gradually narrowed towards apex, with long black outer bristles, densely covered with long light hairs along entire length ventrally, covered with hairs at base dorsally; surstylus ( Fig. 5H) elongate, bilobate, with inner lobe cut apically, bearing 2 strong pedunculate setae dorsally, with outer lobe hooked at apex, with short apical spine and 2 subapical setae ventrally; 2 long pedunculate epandrial setae at base of surstylus.

Female
Unknown.

Ecology
According to the type specimen label, imagos inhabit mountain area at 950 m above sea level between the Ruaha National Park and Udzungwa Mt National Park in central Tanzania.

Holotype
Description Male (Fig. 6A) Similar to A. mufindiensis sp. nov. in all respects except as noted.
tHorax. Scutellum with 1 pair of long and strong bristles, 9-10 marginal and 4-6 dorsal long black setae, distinctly shorter than major bristles.
Legs. Mostly yellow; mid and hind coxae black; tarsi brownish to black from tip of basitarsi; fore femur ( Fig. 6E) with anteroventral row of 4 long black setae at base, about 2 times as long as femur height, with almost complete posterior and posteroventral rows of white setae becoming black at apex, 1.5-2 times as long as femur height; mid femur ( Fig. 6G) with anterior row of white setae on basal ⅔, as long as femur height, with almost complete posterior and posteroventral rows of white setae, 1.5-2 times as long as mid femur height; mid tibia with 2-3 short anterior setae, without ventral setae; mid tarsus simple, with tarsomeres 3-5 with anterior rows of elongate white and black setulae (Fig. 6F); hind femur with posterior row of white setae on basal ⅓, 1.5-2 times as long as femur height; femur, tibia and tarsomere (from first to fifth) length ratio (mm): fore leg:  (Fig. 6D). Ratio of parts of costa between R 2+3 and R 4+5 to those between R 4+5 and M 1 , 3/1; crossvein dm-m weakly sinuate; ratio of crossvein dm-m to apical part of M 1+2 (fork-handle) to apical part of M 4 , 109/76/34. abdoMen. Thin, 1.4 times as long as head and thorax combined, mostly shining greenish violet, black posteriorly along sutures; hypopygium (Fig. 6H) black, with black appendages; cercus simple, 1.3 times as long as epandrium, broader at base, gradually narrowed towards apex, with long black outer bristles, densely covered with long brownish hairs along entire length ventrally, covered with hairs at base dorsally; surstylus (Fig. 6I) elongate, bilobate, looking like trilobate; inner lobe of surstylus with short apical process and short subapical setae; outer lobe of surstylus with short apical spine and short subapical setae, with long mid-dorsal arm bearing 2 strong apical setae; 2 long pedunculate epandrial setae at base of surstylus.

Female
Unknown.

Ecology
According to type specimen labels, imagos inhabit forested area of the Amani Nature Reserve at 1000 m above sea level in the East Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1A036BA-69DC-4515-9EC0-7F29CA9E7428 Fig. 7 Diagnosis Amblypsilopus udzungwensis sp. nov. keys to A. nartshukae (see above), differing from the latter in the conoid postpedicel with apical arista-like stylus (Fig. 7C); the mid tibia with erect ciliation, the cercus with large middorsal tooth (Fig. 7H). The male of A. nartshukae is distinguished by the oval postpedicel with a dorsoapical arista-like stylus, the mid tibia without erect ciliation and the cercus with small distodorsal apophysis.

Etymology
The species is named after the Udzungwa Mt National Park in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania, where the type was collected. variability of morphological characters testify to a recent origin, active speciation and dispersal of the genus or at least some of the species groups defined within the Amblypsilopus.