The jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae)

Abstract Twenty one jumping spider species from South Yunnan are reported, diagnosed, described and illustrated; 19 of them are described as new: Afraflacilla ballarini Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Agorius tortilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Bavia exilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Carrhotus kevinlii Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Carrhotus sarahcrewsae Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Chinattus wengnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Chinophrys mengyangensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cocalus menglaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cytaea yunnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gedea pinguis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Icius bamboo Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Nannenus menghaiensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Pancorius latus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Phintella lepidus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Phintella sancha Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Ptocasius paraweyersi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), and Stenaelurillus fuscus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂). Females of Bavia capistrata (C.L. Koch, 1846) and Phintella suavisoides Lei & Peng, 2013 are described for the first time. DNA barcodes of 12 species were obtained for future use.


Introduction
Of 598 salticid genera and 5912 species known worldwide (World Spider Catalog 2016), 95 genera and 473 species are recorded from China, with 44 genera and 94 species recorded from Yunnan (Li and Lin 2016). The lists are far from being complete as large parts of the country are still poorly studied.
Being a border area with Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, Yunnan shares the jumping spider taxa with those countries, of which the fauna of Vietnam is the best studied, with 56 genera and 116 species (Ono et al. 2012), the majority described and recorded by Żabka (1985). From other countries, 18 species are known from Laos and 55 from Myanmar (World Spider Catalog 2016).
While studying spiders in Xishuangbanna in South Yunnan, 21 salticid species were found. The goal of this paper is to report these species, including descriptions of 19 new species and the redescriptions of two known species.

Material and methods
The material came from Xishuangbanna in South Yunnan (21°08'N-22°36'N, 99°56'E-101°50'E). The area belongs to the transitional zone from tropi cal South to subtropical East Asia (Zhu et al. 2004). The region has an area of 19,120 km 2 , with mountain ridges running north-south, and the elevation decreasing southwards. The current study is based on 10 years of collecting in Xishuangbanna. More details on the spider diversity in the area and collection methods can be found in Zheng et al. (2015).
The specimens were preserved in 95% ethanol and were examined and measured with Olympus SZX12 and BX41 microscopes. Photos were taken with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope. The images were processed with Helicon image stacking software. Vulvae were removed and digested with lactic acid or a 10% warm solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). All measurements are in millimetres. References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase type ( fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs). The leg spination pattern is given after Platnick and Shadab (1975): d, p, v, r for dorsal, prolateral, ventral and retrolateral sides of a segment.
Female ( Abdomen higher and broader than in male, other characters similar. Epigyne heavily sclerotised along the posterior margin (Fig. 4A). Copulatory opening grooves round and separated from each other by two diameters, located 1 diameter from the posterior margin. Vulva: copulatory ducts short and sclerotised, anterior part thicker than the posterior. Receptacles pyriform. Fertilisation ducts elongate and located at the posterior part of the receptacles (Fig. 4B).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality.
Distribution. Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.   Etymology. The new species is named after Dr Sarah Crews for her contribution to the study of the spider family Selenopidae; noun (name) in genitive case.

Carrhotus sarahcrewsae
Diagnosis. The male resembles that of C. sannio (see Żabka 1985: figs 63-65), but the length of the tibia is nearly equal to the cymbium ( Fig. 11A) vs. 2/3 of the length of the cymbium in C. sannio, and the cymbium has no apical process (Fig. 11C). Compared to C. kevinlii sp. n., the bulb length is subequal to the cymbium vs. less than half the length, the embolus has no membrane and the angle between the RTA and tibia is early 20° vs. about 45° in C. kevinlii sp. n.

Genus
Abdomen dark brown. Legs grey. Other characters similar to those of male. Epigyne: Copulatory ducts stout, receptacles kidney-shaped, with anteriorly bent translucent ducts (Fig. 16B). Fertilisation ducts located at the anterior part of the receptacles (Fig. 16B).
Distribution. Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna. Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
Distribution. Known from several localities in Xishuangbanna.

Genus
Female. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.
Female. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality. Etymology. From Latin latus (wide), in reference to the shape of the carapace; adjective.
Female. Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.