MOOD TYPE AND APPRAISAL REALIZED IN THE ONLINE JAKARTA POST EDITORIAL ISSUED ON MARCH 12TH, 2018 “VOTERS NEED MORE CANDIDATES – ALPIAN BAGUS PRATAMA & KATHARINA RUSTIPA – DBB V15 N1 JANUARI 2020 7 MOOD TYPE AND APPRAISAL REALIZED IN THE ONLINE JAKARTA POST EDITORIAL ISSUED ON MARCH 12

This research attempt to investigate an editorial text of the online Jakarta Post entitled “Voters Need More Candidates” Issued on March 12th, 2018 with two research questions, i.e. (1) What kinds of mood system are realized in the text of “Voters need more candidates”? (2) What kinds of author’s attitude, engagement and graduation are reflected in the text? This research used qualitative research tradition Method. This research found out that the type of mood mostly used in editorial text entitled Voter Need More Candidates is declarative. The lexical of appraisal system are JudgmentAttitude (9%) and Appreciation Attitude (91); Mono-glossic-Engagement (36.84%), Dialogic Contraction-Engagement (15.79%) and Dialogic Expansion-Engagement (47.37%)); Force-Graduation (100%).


BACKGROUND
Associated to Indonesia presidential vote of 2019, the Newspaper has the major function to address the information. Getting nearer to the election we got extensive news or articles of opinion. The journalist investigated, critiqued, and advised the candidate or wrote about the Indonesia government system. As a result, it triggered the reader to the attitude of the journalist of the newspapers which influenced public opinion. In short, the paper is a resource of information.
In this case journalist is important writer to positioning the reader in certain position.
One of newspaper columns that facilitated journalist to giving opinion about certain issue is editorial. Reah (2002) states that the editorial column is a significant article in a newspaper, that declares the editor's opinion about an item of news or an issue. Schaffer et al, (2009)  The writer decided to analyze an editorial text of the online Jakarta Post because the paper is representative of English writing of Indonesians in an international community about politics, culture, economic, etc. Moreover, Indonesia held presidential election in 2019.
Consequently, Indonesians will focus on political dynamics in this country.

Sutomo (2014) did a study on "Interpersonal Meaning Realized in Online News Text of
The Bali Times". There are four components found in the data, they are mood system, modal Auxiliary, personal pronoun, and tense shift. All the subjects are non-interactants (100%) and positive polarity (96.9%). Modal Auxiliaries used are will (used five time), can and could (used five time). Some of the events occurred in past tense and the present tense This research is different from the previous researches. First, this research uses different data. Second this research combines interpersonal meaning and Interpersonal Meaning (Halliday, 2014;Eggins, 2004;Martin, 2001) and appraisal theory proposed by Martin & White (2005). This article conducted to find out mood type of the text and the author's attitude, engagement and graduation which are reflected in the text.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Newspaper loads many kinds of news article, for instance news, feature, opinion, etc. Ishwara (2016) divides news in two types as follow: Event-centered news (waiting event, incident, happening, affair, and phenomenon), and Process-centered news (Opinion Columns: Editorial, Articles, and News Letters). Event-centered news is kind of news that reported by The improvement of technology is impact to newspaper corporate. It is stand out at the news media presentation (printed, broadcast, and online). This situation appearing various argument or debate of academic society/scholar that interested in media improvement.
Generally, the newspaper corporate publishes their paper through printed newspaper and online newspaper. The newspaper corporate also take a part making opinion in certain issue.
For instance, talking about point of view of the media to conflict, war, national politics, human right, independent media etc. According to Reah (2002:46), editorial is as the place where the reader expects to find an overt comment on the news of the day.
Systemic Functional Grammar 2.1 In this theory, there are two important ideas that state. first, make accepted the unit of analysis of the text. The second, it is explaining the three fundamental concepts of the meaning of the clause. Halliday (2014) claim that the clause has metafunction meaning. They are ideational meaning. Interpersonal meaning and textual meaning. Ideational meaning is construing a model of experience and the correspondent in the clause is the clause as representation. Interpersonal meaning is enacting of social relationship and the clause states are as an exchange, and the last one is textual meaning. It specified how creating relevance to context. Interpersonal meaning (Halliday, 2004;Eggins, 2004;Martin, 2001) 2.2 Interpersonal meaning simple can divine as interaction or communication or exchange. We tell other people things for a purpose: we may want to influence their attitudes or behavior, or to provide information that we know they do not have, or to explain our own attitudes or behavior, or to get them to provide us with information, and so on. According to Thompson (2014)  Appraisal theory is part of Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL). This theory focus evaluation feeling, character and values of the writer. According to Thompson (2014) appraisal is model set out in Martin and White (2005), moreover it is aims to systematize a varied set of linguistic resources that speakers and writers. Martin and Rose (2003:22) state that appraisal is a system of interpersonal meaning and appraisal as a tool to negotiate our social relationship. In short, appraisal is evolution of interpersonal metafunction of systemic functional grammar. Xinghua and Thompson (2009) state that ATTITUDE is the main subsystem in appraisal. Attitude is there are three part of sub-categories system: Affect (analysis about peoples feeling), Judgement (refer to evaluate people characters), and Appreciation (evaluate value of thing). Graduation and engagement are the last sub-system of appraisal system. Graduation regarding to gradable meaning of the word. It divides to two kind of recourse i.e.
Alvin (2019) stated that "Appraisal analysis, there is no need to first divide up the text into ranking clauses. The unit of analysis here is not the ranking clause, but the entire text.
Any word, word group, or part of a word group can be singled out as an example of appraisal.
Analysis of appraisal is essentially interpretive, and the same text can be analyzed very differently by different people".

METHOD
The research tradition employed in this article is qualitative research. Qualitative research is to exploring and understanding the meaning of individuals or groups to describe a social or human problem (Creswell, 2007). The editorial text took from the online Jakarta Post issued in March 12 th , 2018. To gathering the data the writer browsing, visiting, downloading and breaks down the text into clause for the sake of analysis. After segmented the data. The writer reading the segmented units of analysis, identifying the sentences Classifying/Categorizing the sentences, tabulating the categorized sentences which and interpreting of the findings based on interpersonal theory and appraisal system.

Mood Type 4.1
The mood type found in the text are presented below:  (2004), that statement is part of the subsystem of proposition. It is means declarative clause enables writer or speaker to exchange information.
As a result, the article was used by author of editorial to spread their opinion on a special issue, in the presidential election in the society. The writer expressed their position regarding the presidential candidates of Indonesia and democracy system which have been implemented in to previous periods. And also, the author compared the Indonesian government system with other country to decide their president (i.e. China and Egypt). The author believes that if there were more president candidates, the tension will be reduced. In the following, the writer presents the appraisal system found in the text.

Engagement
Engagement deals with sourcing attitudes and the play of voices around opinion in discourse (Martin & White, 2004, p. 35). The two types of engagement are heteroglossia (other voice) and Monoglossia (single voice) where the source is simply the author. The results of the analysis in terms of engagement, are set out bellow: Thus, it can be understood that the authors make this article use only the second source of sound both dialogic contraction and dialogic expansion. This means that the editorial writer used monoglossia.

Examples No
Mono-glossic 1 Free competition among candidates is the cornerstone of democracy.
2 Many, especially in an authoritarian regime or quasidemocracy, find this basic principle of democracy problematic.

No
Hetero-glossic Expansion 1 The widelyshared assumption is that democracy works like a market system in which more options for voters means they get the best possible candidate to run the government.
2 China decided to do away with competition among members of the elite and abolished the presidential term limit, handing over power to President Xi Jinping, probably for the next three decades.

No
Hetero-glossic Contraction 1 In Egypt, with no credible opponents working to challenge him in the election, a victory for current President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi is all but assured.

2
In fact, in the inaugural direct presidential election in 2004, voters cast their ballots twice as no presidential ticket won the majority of the vote in the first round.

Attitude
Appraisal resources include lexical items for judging people's behaviour in terms of social esteem and social sanction. The results of the analysis in terms of attitude are set out bellow:  Table 4.9 states that appreciation shows the highest percentage of the other two subsystems. This states that the author gives more assessment of democracy and presidential elections when expressing feelings and evaluating the character of the presidential candidate.

Judgement
The results of the analysis in terms of judgement are set out bellow: The type of sentence above expresses the judgment given by editorial writer. Lexical items that refer to negative judgment are no credible opponents. Actually, it is difficult to say that the lexical item is judgment or application.

Appreciation
The results of the analysis in terms of appreciation are set out in bellow: The table above explain two types of appreciation, there are two kinds of appreciation (i.e. positive and negative). Founded eleven items that expressed by appreciation, there were six negative appreciations so that the percentage reaching 60% and the rest were positive appreciation which were 4 items with a percentage of 40%. From the findings above it can be concluded that the editorial writer is more likely to use a negative appreciation to deliver the idea. This means that something is not good from the writer's point of view. The negative appreciation gives the reader understanding the problem have been done. Examples:

No
Positive appreciation 1 Free competition among candidates is the cornerstone of democracy.

2
The widely shared assumption is that democracy works like a market system in which more options for voters means they get the best possible candidate to run the government.

3
In the past two decades, Indonesia has seen competitive presidential elections with multiple candidates being nominated by coalitions of political parties.
In the clause above is containing positive appreciation can be understood through the selection of lexical items. In the first clause there is the word "cornerstone". The word explains the positive appreciation of the writer. The word cornerstone symbolizes something strong and fundamental. On the other hand, the editorial article writer would say that free competition among candidates is recognized as the foundation of democracy. If there is fraud among candidates who are competing, the elected leader is likely to raise problems in government and disturb the stability of a country.
In the second clause the word that refers to positive appreciation is best. This word means that the best leaders will be produced if there are many candidates who will be chosen by the voters.
In the third clause, writer expressed positive appreciation for the presidential election at two decades earlier. The author uses lexical "competitive" to describe the presidential election which is followed by more than two candidates. 3 China decided to do away with competition among members of the elite and abolished the presidential term limit, handing over power to President Xi Jinping, probably for the next three decades.
The sentences above expresses the negative appreciation of the editorial writer.
Lexical items that express negative appreciation are polarizing, authoritarian, quasi democratic, problematic and elite. In the first clause the use of the word polarizing means that in the community there have been disputes and conflicts in which supporters of the two presidential candidates in 2014.

Graduation
Graduation attend to grading phenomena whereby feelings are amplified and categories blurred (Martin & White, 2004). The finding of graduation as follow: The table above is the graduation item that found in the text. Graduation is divided into two namely force and focus. The number of Lexical items found in the editorial text is 14 lexical items. The distribution of lexical items is in force only. There are 6 lexical items that refer to low force and 8 lexical items that refer to high force. The lexical findings above can be concluded that the editorial writer uses only sub-system force rather than sub-system focus. 2 Cynics may say this axis, which the Dems plan to set up with the National Awakening Party (PKB) and the National Mandate Party (PAN), will only serve as a bargaining chip in the event of postelection coalition talks, however, any effort to prevent the incumbent from scoring a guaranteed victory is worth supporting.
The examples of sentences above is refer to graduation. The lexical item that refer to graduation is modality. Lexical items that refer to modality are possibility, may, possible, and will. It has been said before that modality is a system which leaves the writer position between yes or no. lexical modality selection states the author's intensity of the message delivered to the readers.

CONCLUSION
The type of mood found in the editorial text is declarative. There were 35 clauses (100%). It means that the editorial writer used commodity exchange of information. The editorial writer used declarative clauses to give information and evaluation to the readers.
The appraisal systems realized in the editorial text entitled Voters Need More Candidates are engagement, attitude, and graduation. There were 19 lexical of engagement, consisting of hetero-glossic and mono-glossic. There were 12 lexical of hetero-glossic: 3 Hetero-glossic Contraction (15.79%) and 9 hetero-glossic expansion (47.37%) And there were 7 lexical of mono-glossic (36.84%). The graduation consisted of 14 lexical of Force (100. The system of attitude consisted of 11 lexical of affect, judgement, and appreciation. The attitude system of affect was not found in the text (0%), the attitude system of judgement appearance once (9%), and the attitude system of appreciation consisted of ten lexical (91%).
That statistic shows us that the writer of editorial mostly used engagement are hetero-glossic, attitute mostly use is appreciation, and graduation mostly used is force.