human
***task***
the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences

***input***
the input is a biomedical literature

***output***
the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences

***documentation***

***examples***

input: a 44 - year - old male was admitted to roozbeh psychiatric hospital in tehran , iran so that his psychiatric disturbances would be evaluated . the patient had a history of diabetes mellitus diagnosed 4 years earlier but had a negative history for alcohol abuse , other drug abuse , or previous liver diseases . he received glibenclamide in the past but not on a regular basis and was not taking this medication for about 3 months prior to this hospital admission . at baseline , physical examination was within normal limits and no signs of any hepatobiliary disorder were noted . trifluoperazine was initiated at 10 mg per day and was titrated to 15 mg per day in a week . four weeks after the initiation of trifluperazine , the patient was suffering from nausea , anorexia , pruritus and dark urine .070 u / l ) alkaline phosphatase ( alp = 744 u / l ; normal 30120 u / l ) , and total bilirubin of 3.85 mg / dl ( normal 0.11.0 mg / dl ) were reported after 30 days of treatment . based on the clinical symptom and abnormalities observed in the laboratory tests , the decision was made to stop all drug treatments ( trifluoperazine and biperiden ) and to evaluate the clinical response . when trifluoperazine was discontinued , all elevated parameters gradually decreased and returned to near - normal values . at this time , the patient was started on risperidone to control his psychiatric symptoms . the response to risperidone and its side effects was monitored for two weeks until he was discharged from the hospital . this case report notes the occurrence of the initial hepatic injury due to the use of trifluperazine . according to the naranjo adr probability scale , the likelihood of an adr due to the trifluperazine in this case is probable ( 6 ) . this finding is based on the fact that liver enzymes were elevated after the initiation of trifluoperazine , and the deterioration of liver function was detected under continued trifluoperazine treatment . other causes of cholestatic jaundice were ruled out and thus , trifluperazine was recognized as the possible cause of this problem in this patient . many patients have taken this medication since its introduction in 1958 . however , a few cases of cholestatic jaundice induced by trifluperazine have been reported in the literature . in 1968 , margulies and colleagues reported jaundice in a 26 - year old women with psychosis after taking trifluoperazine for 15 days . ( 7 ) . however , in general , the low number of reported adrs may not be a valuable indicator of the risks since the number of the reports is dependent on many parameters such as case recognition , definition and means of reporting adr . we suggest that the possibility of cholestatic jaundice induced by trifluperazine should be considered when clinicians decide to start a patient on this medication . we recommend measuring liver enzyme levels prior to the initiation of trifluperazine and monitoring the symptoms of jaundice during the treatment to prevent possible complications .
output:

agent
liver injury occurs with many drugs ; therefore , a thorough work up is important for establishing the diagnosis . we report a case of trifluoperazine - induced cholestatic jaundice . a 44 - year old male with schizoaffective disorder developed an increase in liver enzymes and jaundice after starting treatment with trifluoperazine . workup for other potential etiologies was negative .
***task***
the task is to summarize an input biomedical literature in six sentences

***input***
the input is a biomedical literature

***output***
the output is the summary of an input biomedical literature in six sentences

***documentation***

***examples***

input: a 44 - year - old male was admitted to roozbeh psychiatric hospital in tehran , iran so that his psychiatric disturbances would be evaluated . the patient had a history of diabetes mellitus diagnosed 4 years earlier but had a negative history for alcohol abuse , other drug abuse , or previous liver diseases . he received glibenclamide in the past but not on a regular basis and was not taking this medication for about 3 months prior to this hospital admission . at baseline , physical examination was within normal limits and no signs of any hepatobiliary disorder were noted . trifluoperazine was initiated at 10 mg per day and was titrated to 15 mg per day in a week . four weeks after the initiation of trifluperazine , the patient was suffering from nausea , anorexia , pruritus and dark urine .070 u / l ) alkaline phosphatase ( alp = 744 u / l ; normal 30120 u / l ) , and total bilirubin of 3.85 mg / dl ( normal 0.11.0 mg / dl ) were reported after 30 days of treatment . based on the clinical symptom and abnormalities observed in the laboratory tests , the decision was made to stop all drug treatments ( trifluoperazine and biperiden ) and to evaluate the clinical response . when trifluoperazine was discontinued , all elevated parameters gradually decreased and returned to near - normal values . at this time , the patient was started on risperidone to control his psychiatric symptoms . the response to risperidone and its side effects was monitored for two weeks until he was discharged from the hospital . this case report notes the occurrence of the initial hepatic injury due to the use of trifluperazine . according to the naranjo adr probability scale , the likelihood of an adr due to the trifluperazine in this case is probable ( 6 ) . this finding is based on the fact that liver enzymes were elevated after the initiation of trifluoperazine , and the deterioration of liver function was detected under continued trifluoperazine treatment . other causes of cholestatic jaundice were ruled out and thus , trifluperazine was recognized as the possible cause of this problem in this patient . many patients have taken this medication since its introduction in 1958 . however , a few cases of cholestatic jaundice induced by trifluperazine have been reported in the literature . in 1968 , margulies and colleagues reported jaundice in a 26 - year old women with psychosis after taking trifluoperazine for 15 days . ( 7 ) . however , in general , the low number of reported adrs may not be a valuable indicator of the risks since the number of the reports is dependent on many parameters such as case recognition , definition and means of reporting adr . we suggest that the possibility of cholestatic jaundice induced by trifluperazine should be considered when clinicians decide to start a patient on this medication . we recommend measuring liver enzyme levels prior to the initiation of trifluperazine and monitoring the symptoms of jaundice during the treatment to prevent possible complications .
output:
