5.  The applicant was born in 1980 and is currently serving a prison sentence in correctional colony no. 7 in the Tula Region. 6.  In 2002 the applicant was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to seven years and three months' imprisonment. In 2005 he was granted an early release. 7.  In the summer of 2006 the police received an anonymous complaint stating that the applicant and his friend Mr O. were making and selling drugs in their flats. The police questioned the applicant's neighbours, who confirmed unanimously that the applicant and Mr O. were drug dealers. 8.  The police made a series of test purchases of drugs from the applicant and Mr O. In September and early October 2006 two persons code-named “Shadow” and “Yermak” asked the applicant and Mr O. to make drugs for them. They went on several occasions to Mr O.'s flat accompanied by their acquaintance Ms G. The applicant and Mr O. made opium from the ingredients bought by the applicant with Shadow's and Yermak's money. They then consumed the opium together. 9.  On 18 October 2006 Yermak called the applicant, complained of withdrawal symptoms and asked him to procure him drugs. The applicant asked Ms G. to take 500 Russian roubles from Yermak and to change it in a nearby pharmacy. He then bought opium ingredients with that money and made opium in his flat. He met Yermak several hours later, handed a part of the opium over to him and left the remainder for himself. Yermak gave the opium received from the applicant to the police. 10.  On the same day the applicant was arrested and charged with drug trafficking. 11.  During the trial the Proletarskiy District Court of Tula heard numerous witnesses, including Shadow, Ms G., the applicant's neighbours and the police officers who had supervised the test purchases. Yermak's pre-trial depositions were read out as he had died before the start of the trial. The trial court also examined expert opinions and material evidence, such as the opium received by Shadow and Yermak from the applicant and Mr O. and utensils for making opium found in the applicant's and Mr O.'s flats. 12.  On 19 September 2007 the Proletarskiy District Court of Tula acquitted the applicant of drug trafficking in respect of the episodes of September and early October, finding that on those occasions he had made drugs for personal consumption with his acquaintances rather than for sale. It further convicted the applicant of drug trafficking for selling drugs on 18 October 2006. The applicant was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. 13.  On 12 December 2007 the Tula Regional Court upheld the judgment on appeal. 14.  From 20 October 2006 to 27 December 2007 the applicant was held in remand centre no. IZ-71/1 in Tula. 15.  According to certificates of 23 October 2009 issued by the remand centre administration and submitted by the Government, from 20 October to 13 November 2006 the applicant was held in cell no. 77, which measured 80.4 sq. m and housed thirty-one to forty inmates. From 13 November 2006 to 31 January 2007 he was held in cell no. 76, which measured 37.4 sq. m and housed thirteen to twenty inmates. From 31 January to 26 September 2007 he was held in cell no. 17, measuring 76.9 sq. m and housing twenty-two to forty inmates. The Government also produced the plan of those cells confirming the cell measurements. 16.  The same certificates state that the inmates were allowed to take a shower once a week for forty minutes and had an hour-long daily walk. It was not possible to establish the frequency of family visits or of the applicant's meetings with counsel. The applicant was also frequently taken out of the cell to see a doctor. Inmates suffering from infectious diseases, such as scabies, tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis or sexually transmittable diseases, were held separately from other inmates. The applicant was never held together with anyone suffering from scabies or tuberculosis. 17.  According to the applicant, he was held in cells nos. 77, 76, 17 and 117. Cell no. 77 measured 48 sq. m. It was equipped with fifty bunks and housed forty-four to forty-seven inmates. Cell no. 76 measured 24 sq. m, was equipped with twenty bunks and housed thirty to forty-seven inmates. Cell no. 17 measured 48 sq. m. It was equipped with forty-two bunks and housed twenty-seven to fifty-eight inmates. As the number of bunks was often insufficient, inmates had to take turns to sleep. Punishment cell no. 117, where the applicant was held alone from 2 to 17 February 2007, measured 2 sq. m. 18.  All cells were insufficiently lit. There was only one 50-watt light bulb in each cell. The windows were small. Some of them were broken and inmates had to cover the holes with cloth. There was no forced ventilation and it was extremely hot in summer and very cold in winter. The cells were stuffy and smoky. 19.  Each cell was equipped with a lavatory bowl which had no flush system. This was not separated from the living area and the person using the toilet was in view of the other inmates. The dining table was very close to the toilet. 20.  The cells swarmed with rats, bugs, lice, spiders and cockroaches. The walls were covered with mould. Articles of hygiene were sparse. The bedding was dirty and ragged. All complaints to the detention facility administration about poor sanitary conditions went unanswered. 21.  The applicant shared his cell with persons suffering from tuberculosis and scabies. He allegedly contracted scabies while in IZ-71/1. 22.  Inmates were allowed to take a shower once a week. The entire cell population was taken to the shower hall for a total of twenty or thirty minutes. There were only four shower stands and the inmates had insufficient time to shower. 23.  The food was insipid. There was neither fruit nor meat. Vegetables were rarely served. Fish was served in small quantities of no more than 40 grams per person per day. Although the applicant was prescribed a special diet by a doctor, no special food was provided. 24.  The applicant submitted written statements by his co-detainees confirming his description of the conditions of detention. 25.  The applicant attempted to lodge complaints about the appalling conditions with the prosecutor of the Tula region and the head of the penitentiary department of the Tula region. The remand centre administration did not dispatch his complaints. The warders threatened that he would suffer if he attempted to complain again. He was then put in a punishment cell for ten days. 26.  It appears from the decision of 2 February 2007 issued by the acting head of remand centre no. IZ-71/1 that the applicant was put in a punishment cell for wrenching the tap off a drinking water tank and using it to make a hole in the wall through which he communicated with the inmates in the neighbouring cell. 27.  The applicant also alleged that during the trial he had been regularly transported to the courthouse in inhuman conditions. 28.  According to a certificate of 23 October 2009 issued by the remand centre administration and submitted by the Government, remand centre no. IZ-71/1 in Tula, where the applicant was held from 20 October 2006 to 27 December 2007, had a medical unit. The medical staff consisted of a general physician, a specialist in skin and venereal diseases, a surgeon, an otolaryngologist, a dentist, a radiologist, a tuberculosis specialist, physician assistants and nurses. The unit had all the necessary equipment and medication. 29.  On 23 October 2006 the applicant was examined by a physician. He informed the doctor that he had been HIV-positive since 1999 and that he was also infected with hepatitis B and C viruses. On the same day he was examined by a psychiatrist who diagnosed him with drug withdrawal syndrome. An HIV antibody blood test confirmed that the applicant was indeed HIV-positive. A chest photofluorography was also performed. 30.  On 13 November 2006 the applicant was examined by a drug addiction specialist from an HIV medical unit. He noted that the disease had attained clinical stage 3, but that the applicant's state of health was satisfactory. He prescribed a special diet. He further recommended that the applicant be held in a special cell for HIV-positive inmates and that general blood and urine tests and chest photofluorography be performed every six months. 31.  On 23 January 2007 the applicant was examined by a psychiatrist. He complained of headache and liver pain. The doctor prescribed a pain reliever and liver pills. 32.  On 7 March 2007 the applicant was examined by a nurse. He complained of liver pain. The nurse prescribed hepatoprotective herbal pills and antispasmodic pills. 33.  On 23 March 2007 the applicant was examined by a surgeon. On 27 March 2007 a chest photofluorography was performed. 34.  On 9 April 2007 general blood and urine tests were performed. 35.  On 20 April 2007 a hepatitis C antibody blood test confirmed that the applicant was suffering from chronic hepatitis C. 36.  On 22 April 2007 the applicant was examined by a psychiatrist. 37.  On 25 April 2007 CD4, CD8 and viral load tests were made. The applicant's CD4 count was 0.462 x 109/l (equivalent to 462 cells/mm3), while his HIV RNA (viral load) was 9,215 copies/ml. 38.  On 8 June 2007 a nurse explained to the applicant the results of the CD4 and viral load tests. 39.  On 22 August 2007 the applicant was examined by a general physician. He complained of pain in his left shoulder joint. He was diagnosed with arthrosis and prescribed anti-inflammatory treatment. 40.  On 26 September 2007 a chest photofluorography was performed. 41.  On 24 October 2007 CD4 and viral load tests were made for the second time. The applicant's CD4 count was 0.231 x 109/l (equivalent to 231 cells/mm3), while his HIV RNA (viral load) was 5,282 copies/ml. 42.  On 25 October 2007 the applicant was diagnosed with dermatitis and prescribed treatment for dermatitis and hepatoprotective pills. 43.  On 30 October 2007 the applicant complained about insomnia and was prescribed sleeping pills. 44.  At the end of 2007 a treatment schedule for 2008 was prepared. It was recommended that the applicant should be examined twice a year by a general physician, a tuberculosis specialist and an infectious disease specialist. Chest photofluorography and abdominal ultrasound scans were to be performed twice a year and the applicant was to receive a special diet. 45.  On 27 December 2007 the applicant was examined by a general physician before being transferred to the correctional colony. The examining doctor confirmed the previous diagnosis. On the same day the applicant was transferred to correctional colony no. 7 in the Tula region. 46.  On 17 January 2008 general blood and urine tests were performed. 47.  On 20 February 2008 the applicant was examined by the colony's physician assistant. He noted that the applicant's health was satisfactory, his skin was healthy and the lymph nodes were not enlarged. 48.  On 22 February 2008 the applicant was admitted to the prison hospital of the Tula region (no. IK-2, hereafter “Tula prison hospital”). He was examined by a neuropathologist and an ophthalmologist and underwent an abdominal ultrasound scan and a general blood test. The doctors prescribed anti-inflammatory treatment for arthrosis, hepatoprotective pills and vitamins. 49.  On 27 February 2008 CD4 and viral load tests were performed. The applicant's CD4 count was 0.447 x 109/l (equivalent to 447 cells/mm3), while his HIV RNA (viral load) was 3,377 copies/ml. 50.  The applicant was discharged from hospital on 28 February 2008. 51.  On 6 March 2008 the applicant was examined by the colony's physician assistant. He complained of an aching shoulder joint and liver pains. The physician's assistant noted that the applicant's health was satisfactory. 52.  On the same day the applicant was examined by a psychiatrist who diagnosed him with heroin addiction in forced remission. 53.  On 16 June 2008 the applicant complained of dizziness. He was examined by a nurse who diagnosed him with low blood pressure and prescribed vitamins. 54.  On 15 September 2008 the applicant was again examined by the colony's physician assistant. The applicant again complained of liver pain and an aching shoulder joint. The physician assistant noted that the applicant's gall bladder was deformed but his health was otherwise satisfactory. 55.  On 31 October 2008 the applicant again complained of an aching shoulder joint. He was prescribed pain relievers. 56.  On 7 November 2008 the applicant was admitted to the surgery unit of Tula prison hospital. His shoulder joint was X-rayed and general blood and urine tests were made. He was diagnosed with arthrosis and prescribed pain relievers and physiotherapy. 57.  On 14 November 2008 the applicant was discharged from hospital. 58.  At the end of 2008 a treatment schedule for 2009 was prepared. It was noted that the applicant's HIV condition had attained clinical stage 3. It was recommended that the applicant be examined twice a year by a general physician, a tuberculosis specialist and an infectious disease specialist. He was also to undergo laboratory examinations twice a year, and chest photofluorography and abdominal ultrasound scans were to be performed twice a year. The applicant was also to receive a special diet. 59.  On 12 February 2009 the applicant was granted disability status. 60.  On 19 February 2009 the applicant was examined by the colony's physician assistant, who found that his health was satisfactory. 61.  On 24 September 2009 the applicant was again examined by a physician assistant, who prescribed treatment for a respiratory infection and gum inflammation. 62.  On 22 October 2009 the applicant was examined by a physician. He complained of fever, abdomen pains, cough, headache and heartburn. He was prescribed antibacterial pills. 63.  On 23 October 2009 general blood and urine tests were made. 64.  On 10 November 2009 the applicant was taken to Tula prison hospital for examination. He was examined by an ophthalmologist, a surgeon, a neuropathologist, a dentist, a psychiatrist and a general physician. He underwent general blood and urine tests, an ultrasound scan of the abdominal area and an electrocardiogram. He received vitamins and neuroleptic drugs. 65.  On 11 November 2009 CD4 and viral load tests were performed. The applicant's CD4 count was 0.562 x 109/l (equivalent to 562 cells/mm3), while his HIV RNA (viral load) was 7,845 copies/ml. 66.  On 20 November 2009 the applicant was discharged from hospital. 67.  At the end of 2009 a treatment schedule for 2010 was prepared. It was recommended that the applicant be examined twice a year by a physician, a tuberculosis specialist and an infectious disease specialist. Chest photofluorography, abdominal ultrasound scans and gastro-duodenoscopy were to be performed twice a year and the applicant was to receive a special diet. 68.  On 28 January 2010 the applicant was again taken to Tula prison hospital for examination. He was examined by an ophthalmologist, a surgeon, a neuropathologist, a dentist, a psychiatrist, a dermatologist and an otolaryngologist and underwent an ultrasound scan of the abdominal area and a chest photofluorography. General blood and urine tests were also made. He received vitamins and physiotherapy. He was discharged on 10 February 2010. The hospital doctors recommended treatment for arthritis and gall bladder deformation and regular supervision by a general physician and a psychiatrist. 69.  On 25 February 2010 the applicant was examined by a physician assistant, who found that his condition was satisfactory. 70.  On 10 March 2010 a hepatitis B antibody blood test was performed which established that the applicant did not have hepatitis B.