Datasets:

commanderstrife

/

jnlpba

like 0

[ "IL-2", "gene", "expression", "and", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "through", "CD28", "requires", "reactive", "oxygen", "production", "by", "5-lipoxygenase", "." ]

[ 7, 8, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Activation", "of", "the", "CD28", "surface", "receptor", "provides", "a", "major", "costimulatory", "signal", "for", "T", "cell", "activation", "resulting", "in", "enhanced", "production", "of", "interleukin-2", "(", "IL-2", ")", "and", "cell", "proliferation", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "primary", "T", "lymphocytes", "we", "show", "that", "CD28", "ligation", "leads", "to", "the", "rapid", "intracellular", "formation", "of", "reactive", "oxygen", "intermediates", "(", "ROIs", ")", "which", "are", "required", "for", "CD28", "-mediated", "activation", "of", "the", "NF-kappa", "B", "/", "CD28-responsive", "complex", "and", "IL-2", "expression", "." ]

[ 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0 ]

[ "Delineation", "of", "the", "CD28", "signaling", "cascade", "was", "found", "to", "involve", "protein", "tyrosine", "kinase", "activity", ",", "followed", "by", "the", "activation", "of", "phospholipase", "A2", "and", "5-lipoxygenase", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Our", "data", "suggest", "that", "lipoxygenase", "metabolites", "activate", "ROI", "formation", "which", "then", "induce", "IL-2", "expression", "via", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "findings", "should", "be", "useful", "for", "therapeutic", "strategies", "and", "the", "development", "of", "immunosuppressants", "targeting", "the", "CD28", "costimulatory", "pathway", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "peri-kappa", "B", "site", "mediates", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "2", "enhancer", "activation", "in", "monocytes", "but", "not", "in", "T", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "Human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "type", "2", "(", "HIV-2", ")", ",", "like", "HIV-1", ",", "causes", "AIDS", "and", "is", "associated", "with", "AIDS", "cases", "primarily", "in", "West", "Africa", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "HIV-1", "and", "HIV-2", "display", "significant", "differences", "in", "nucleic", "acid", "sequence", "and", "in", "the", "natural", "history", "of", "clinical", "disease", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Consistent", "with", "these", "differences", ",", "we", "have", "previously", "demonstrated", "that", "the", "enhancer/promoter", "region", "of", "HIV-2", "functions", "quite", "differently", "from", "that", "of", "HIV-1", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Whereas", "activation", "of", "the", "HIV-1", "enhancer", "following", "T-cell", "stimulation", "is", "mediated", "largely", "through", "binding", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "NF-kappa", "B", "to", "two", "adjacent", "kappa", "B", "sites", "in", "the", "HIV-1", "long", "terminal", "repeat", ",", "activation", "of", "the", "HIV-2", "enhancer", "in", "monocytes", "and", "T", "cells", "is", "dependent", "on", "four", "cis-acting", "elements", ":", "a", "single", "kappa", "B", "site", ",", "two", "purine-rich", "binding", "sites", ",", "PuB1", "and", "PuB2", ",", "and", "a", "pets", "site", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 13, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "We", "have", "now", "identified", "a", "novel", "cis-acting", "element", "within", "the", "HIV-2", "enhancer", ",", "immediately", "upstream", "of", "the", "kappa", "B", "site", ",", "designated", "peri-kappa", "B", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "This", "site", "is", "conserved", "among", "isolates", "of", "HIV-2", "and", "the", "closely", "related", "simian", "immunodeficiency", "virus", ",", "and", "transfection", "assays", "show", "this", "site", "to", "mediate", "HIV-2", "enhancer", "activation", "following", "stimulation", "of", "monocytic", "but", "not", "T-cell", "lines", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0 ]

[ "This", "is", "the", "first", "description", "of", "an", "HIV-2", "enhancer", "element", "which", "displays", "such", "monocyte", "specificity", ",", "and", "no", "comparable", "enhancer", "element", "has", "been", "clearly", "defined", "for", "HIV-1", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "While", "a", "nuclear", "factor", "(", "s", ")", "from", "both", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", "and", "T", "cells", "binds", "the", "peri-kappa", "B", "site", ",", "electrophoretic", "mobility", "shift", "assays", "suggest", "that", "either", "a", "different", "protein", "binds", "to", "this", "site", "in", "monocytes", "versus", "T", "cells", "or", "that", "the", "protein", "recognizing", "this", "enhancer", "element", "undergoes", "differential", "modification", "in", "monocytes", "and", "T", "cells", ",", "thus", "supporting", "the", "transfection", "data", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Further", ",", "while", "specific", "constitutive", "binding", "to", "the", "peri-kappa", "B", "site", "is", "seen", "in", "monocytes", ",", "stimulation", "with", "phorbol", "esters", "induces", "additional", ",", "specific", "binding", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Understanding", "the", "monocyte-specific", "function", "of", "the", "peri-kappa", "B", "factor", "may", "ultimately", "provide", "insight", "into", "the", "different", "role", "monocytes", "and", "T", "cells", "play", "in", "HIV", "pathogenesis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "E1A", "gene", "expression", "induces", "susceptibility", "to", "killing", "by", "NK", "cells", "following", "immortalization", "but", "not", "adenovirus", "infection", "of", "human", "cells", "." ]

[ 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "Adenovirus", "(", "Ad", ")", "infection", "and", "E1A", "transfection", "were", "used", "to", "model", "changes", "in", "susceptibility", "to", "NK", "cell", "killing", "caused", "by", "transient", "vs", "stable", "E1A", "expression", "in", "human", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "Only", "stably", "transfected", "target", "cells", "exhibited", "cytolytic", "susceptibility", ",", "despite", "expression", "of", "equivalent", "levels", "of", "E1A", "proteins", "in", "Ad-infected", "targets", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 11, 12, 0 ]

[ "The", "inability", "of", "E1A", "gene", "products", "to", "induce", "cytolytic", "susceptibility", "during", "infection", "was", "not", "explained", "by", "an", "inhibitory", "effect", "of", "viral", "infection", "on", "otherwise", "susceptible", "target", "cells", "or", "by", "viral", "gene", "effects", "on", "class", "I", "MHC", "antigen", "expression", "on", "target", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 16, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "This", "differential", "effect", "of", "E1A", "expression", "on", "the", "cytolytic", "phenotypes", "of", "infected", "and", "stably", "transfected", "human", "cells", "suggests", "that", "human", "NK", "cells", "provide", "an", "effective", "immunologic", "barrier", "against", "the", "in", "vivo", "survival", "and", "neoplastic", "progression", "of", "E1A-immortalized", "cells", "that", "may", "emerge", "from", "the", "reservoir", "of", "persistently", "infected", "cells", "in", "the", "human", "host", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Distinct", "signaling", "properties", "identify", "functionally", "different", "CD4", "epitopes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0 ]

[ "The", "CD4", "coreceptor", "interacts", "with", "non-polymorphic", "regions", "of", "major", "histocompatibility", "complex", "class", "II", "molecules", "on", "antigen-presenting", "cells", "and", "contributes", "to", "T", "cell", "activation", "." ]

[ 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "have", "investigated", "the", "effect", "of", "CD4", "triggering", "on", "T", "cell", "activating", "signals", "in", "a", "lymphoma", "model", "using", "monoclonal", "antibodies", "(", "mAb", ")", "which", "recognize", "different", "CD4", "epitopes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0 ]

[ "We", "demonstrate", "that", "CD4", "triggering", "delivers", "signals", "capable", "of", "activating", "the", "NF-AT", "transcription", "factor", "which", "is", "required", "for", "interleukin-2", "gene", "expression", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Whereas", "different", "anti-CD4", "mAb", "or", "HIV-1", "gp120", "could", "all", "trigger", "activation", "of", "the", "protein", "tyrosine", "kinases", "p56lck", "and", "p59fyn", "and", "phosphorylation", "of", "the", "Shc", "adaptor", "protein", ",", "which", "mediates", "signals", "to", "Ras", ",", "they", "differed", "significantly", "in", "their", "ability", "to", "activate", "NF-AT", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Lack", "of", "full", "activation", "of", "NF-AT", "could", "be", "correlated", "to", "a", "dramatically", "reduced", "capacity", "to", "induce", "calcium", "flux", "and", "could", "be", "complemented", "with", "a", "calcium", "ionophore", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "results", "identify", "functionally", "distinct", "epitopes", "on", "the", "CD4", "coreceptor", "involved", "in", "activation", "of", "the", "Ras/protein", "kinase", "C", "and", "calcium", "pathways", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Ligand-dependent", "repression", "of", "the", "erythroid", "transcription", "factor", "GATA-1", "by", "the", "estrogen", "receptor", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 15, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0 ]

[ "High-dose", "estrogen", "administration", "induces", "anemia", "in", "mammals", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "chickens", ",", "estrogens", "stimulate", "outgrowth", "of", "bone", "marrow-derived", "erythroid", "progenitor", "cells", "and", "delay", "their", "maturation", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This", "delay", "is", "associated", "with", "down-regulation", "of", "many", "erythroid", "cell-specific", "genes", ",", "including", "alpha-", "and", "beta-globin", ",", "band", "3", ",", "band", "4.1", ",", "and", "the", "erythroid", "cell-specific", "histone", "H5", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 15, 0 ]

[ "We", "show", "here", "that", "estrogens", "also", "reduce", "the", "number", "of", "erythroid", "progenitor", "cells", "in", "primary", "human", "bone", "marrow", "cultures", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0 ]

[ "To", "address", "potential", "mechanisms", "by", "which", "estrogens", "suppress", "erythropoiesis", ",", "we", "have", "examined", "their", "effects", "on", "GATA-1", ",", "an", "erythroid", "transcription", "factor", "that", "participates", "in", "the", "regulation", "of", "the", "majority", "of", "erythroid", "cell-specific", "genes", "and", "is", "necessary", "for", "full", "maturation", "of", "erythrocytes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0 ]

[ "We", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "transcriptional", "activity", "of", "GATA-1", "is", "strongly", "repressed", "by", "the", "estrogen", "receptor", "(", "ER", ")", "in", "a", "ligand-dependent", "manner", "and", "that", "this", "repression", "is", "reversible", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "4-hydroxytamoxifen", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "ER", "-mediated", "repression", "of", "GATA-1", "activity", "occurs", "on", "an", "artificial", "promoter", "containing", "a", "single", "GATA-binding", "site", ",", "as", "well", "as", "in", "the", "context", "of", "an", "intact", "promoter", "which", "is", "normally", "regulated", "by", "GATA-1", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "GATA-1", "and", "ER", "bind", "to", "each", "other", "in", "vitro", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "DNA", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "coimmunoprecipitation", "experiments", "using", "transfected", "COS", "cells", ",", "GATA-1", "and", "ER", "associate", "in", "a", "ligand-dependent", "manner", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Mapping", "experiments", "indicate", "that", "GATA-1", "and", "the", "ER", "form", "at", "least", "two", "contacts", ",", "which", "involve", "the", "finger", "region", "and", "the", "N-terminal", "activation", "domain", "of", "GATA-1", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "We", "speculate", "that", "estrogens", "exert", "effects", "on", "erythropoiesis", "by", "modulating", "GATA-1", "activity", "through", "protein-protein", "interaction", "with", "the", "ER", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "(", "ABSTRACT", "TRUNCATED", "AT", "250", "WORDS", ")" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Mouse", "interleukin-2", "receptor", "alpha", "gene", "expression", "." ]

[ 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0 ]

[ "Interleukin-1", "and", "interleukin-2", "control", "transcription", "via", "distinct", "cis-acting", "elements", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "We", "have", "shown", "that", "interleukin-1", "(", "IL-1", ")", "and", "IL-2", "control", "IL-2", "receptor", "alpha", "(", "IL-2R", "alpha", ")", "gene", "transcription", "in", "CD4-CD8-", "murine", "T", "lymphocyte", "precursors", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0 ]

[ "Here", "we", "map", "the", "cis-acting", "elements", "that", "mediate", "interleukin", "responsiveness", "of", "the", "mouse", "IL-2R", "alpha", "gene", "using", "a", "thymic", "lymphoma-derived", "hybridoma", "(", "PC60", ")", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 11, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "transcriptional", "response", "of", "the", "IL-2R", "alpha", "gene", "to", "stimulation", "by", "IL-1", "+", "IL-2", "is", "biphasic", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "IL-1", "induces", "a", "rapid", ",", "protein", "synthesis-independent", "appearance", "of", "IL-2R", "alpha", "mRNA", "that", "is", "blocked", "by", "inhibitors", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "activation", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0 ]

[ "It", "also", "primes", "cells", "to", "become", "IL-2", "responsive", "and", "thereby", "prepares", "the", "second", "phase", ",", "in", "which", "IL-2", "induces", "a", "100-fold", "further", "increase", "in", "IL-2R", "alpha", "transcripts", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "Transient", "transfection", "experiments", "show", "that", "several", "elements", "in", "the", "promoter-proximal", "region", "of", "the", "IL-2R", "alpha", "gene", "contribute", "to", "IL-1", "responsiveness", ",", "most", "importantly", "an", "NF-kappa", "B", "site", "conserved", "in", "the", "human", "and", "mouse", "gene", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0 ]

[ "IL-2", "responsiveness", ",", "on", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "depends", "on", "a", "78-nucleotide", "segment", "1.3", "kilobases", "upstream", "of", "the", "major", "transcription", "start", "site", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0 ]

[ "This", "segment", "functions", "as", "an", "IL-2-inducible", "enhancer", "and", "lies", "within", "a", "region", "that", "becomes", "DNase", "I", "hypersensitive", "in", "normal", "T", "cells", "in", "which", "IL-2R", "alpha", "expression", "has", "been", "induced", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "IL-2", "responsiveness", "requires", "three", "distinct", "elements", "within", "the", "enhancer", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 7, 0 ]

[ "Two", "of", "these", "are", "potential", "binding", "sites", "for", "STAT", "proteins", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0 ]

[ "Hematopoietic", "lineage", "commitment", ":", "role", "of", "transcription", "factors", "." ]

[ 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0 ]

[ "This", "review", "focuses", "on", "the", "roles", "of", "transcription", "factors", "in", "hematopoietic", "lineage", "commitment", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "A", "brief", "introduction", "to", "lineage", "commitment", "and", "asymmetric", "cell", "division", "is", "followed", "by", "a", "discussion", "of", "several", "methods", "used", "to", "identify", "transcription", "factors", "important", "in", "specifying", "hematopoietic", "cell", "types", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0 ]

[ "Next", "is", "presented", "a", "discussion", "of", "the", "use", "of", "embryonic", "stem", "cells", "in", "the", "analysis", "of", "hematopoietic", "gene", "expression", "and", "the", "use", "of", "targeted", "gene", "disruption", "to", "analyze", "the", "role", "of", "transcription", "factors", "in", "hematopoiesis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Finally", ",", "the", "status", "of", "our", "current", "knowledge", "concerning", "the", "roles", "of", "transcription", "factors", "in", "the", "commitment", "to", "erythroid", ",", "myeloid", "and", "lymphoid", "cell", "types", "is", "summarized", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Epstein-Barr", "virus", "replicative", "gene", "transcription", "during", "de", "novo", "infection", "of", "human", "thymocytes", ":", "simultaneous", "early", "expression", "of", "BZLF-1", "and", "its", "repressor", "RAZ", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Epstein-Barr", "virus", "(", "EBV", ")", "is", "known", "to", "infect", "B", "cells", "and", "epithelial", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "We", "and", "others", "have", "shown", "that", "EBV", "can", "also", "infect", "a", "subset", "of", "thymocytes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0 ]

[ "Infection", "of", "thymocytes", "was", "accompanied", "by", "the", "appearance", "of", "linear", "EBV", "genome", "within", "8", "hr", "of", "infection", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Circularization", "of", "the", "EBV", "genome", "was", "not", "detected", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This", "is", "in", "contrast", "to", "the", "infection", "in", "B", "cells", "where", "the", "genome", "can", "circularize", "within", "24", "hr", "of", "infection", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "appearance", "of", "the", "BamHI", "ZLF-1", "gene", "product", ",", "ZEBRA", ",", "by", "RT-PCR", ",", "was", "observed", "within", "8", "hr", "of", "infection", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "appearance", "of", "a", "novel", "fusion", "transcript", "(", "RAZ", ")", ",", "which", "comprised", "regions", "of", "the", "BZLF-1", "locus", "and", "the", "adjacent", "BRLF-1", "locus", ",", "was", "detected", "by", "RT-PCR", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "ZEBRA", "protein", "was", "also", "identified", "in", "infected", "thymocytes", "by", "immunoprecipitation", "." ]

[ 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "addition", ",", "we", "demonstrated", "that", "the", "EBNA-1", "gene", "in", "infected", "thymocytes", "was", "transcribed", "from", "the", "Fp", "promoter", ",", "rather", "than", "from", "the", "Cp/Wp", "promoter", "which", "is", "used", "in", "latently", "infected", "B", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 0 ]

[ "Transcripts", "encoding", "gp350/220", ",", "the", "major", "coat", "protein", "of", "EBV", ",", "were", "identified", ",", "but", "we", "did", "not", "find", "any", "evidence", "of", "transcription", "from", "the", "LMP-2A", "or", "EBER-1", "loci", "in", "infected", "thymocytes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 13, 0 ]

[ "These", "observations", "suggest", "that", "de", "novo", "EBV", "infection", "of", "thymocytes", "differs", "from", "infection", "of", "B", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "The", "main", "difference", "is", "that", "with", "thymocytes", ",", "no", "evidence", "could", "be", "found", "that", "the", "virus", "ever", "circularizes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Rather", ",", "EBV", "remains", "in", "a", "linear", "configuration", "from", "which", "replicative", "genes", "are", "transcribed", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Identification", "and", "purification", "of", "human", "Stat", "proteins", "activated", "in", "response", "to", "interleukin-2", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "A", "key", "cytokine", "induced", "during", "the", "immune", "response", "is", "IL-2", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Following", "T", "cell", "activation", ",", "the", "genes", "encoding", "IL-2", "and", "the", "various", "chains", "of", "its", "receptor", "are", "transcriptionally", "induced", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "turn", ",", "secreted", "IL-2", "serves", "to", "stimulate", "the", "proliferation", "and", "differentiation", "of", "T", "lymphocytes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0 ]

[ "Several", "recent", "studies", "have", "implicated", "Jak", "kinases", "in", "the", "signaling", "pathway", "induced", "by", "IL-2", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Following", "this", "lead", ",", "we", "set", "out", "to", "identify", "transcription", "factors", "induced", "in", "response", "to", "IL-2", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "Human", "peripheral", "blood", "lymphocytes", "were", "observed", "to", "contain", "several", "IL-2", "-inducible", "DNA", "binding", "activities", "." ]

[ 13, 14, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Similar", "activities", "were", "also", "observed", "in", "a", "transformed", "human", "lymphocyte", "line", ",", "termed", "YT", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 11, 0 ]

[ "We", "have", "purified", "these", "activities", "and", "found", "that", "the", "principal", "IL-2-inducible", "component", "bears", "significant", "relatedness", "to", "a", "prolactin-induced", "transcription", "factor", "first", "identified", "in", "sheep", "mammary", "gland", "tissue", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 14, 0 ]

[ "We", "hypothesize", "that", "activation", "of", "this", "protein", ",", "designated", "hStat5", ",", "helps", "govern", "the", "biological", "effects", "of", "IL-2", "during", "the", "immune", "response", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "E2F-1", "and", "a", "cyclin-like", "DNA", "repair", "enzyme", ",", "uracil-DNA", "glycosylase", ",", "provide", "evidence", "for", "an", "autoregulatory", "mechanism", "for", "transcription", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 16, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "cell", "cycle-dependent", "transcription", "factor", ",", "E2F-1", ",", "regulates", "the", "cyclin", "-like", "species", "of", "the", "DNA", "repair", "enzyme", "uracil-DNA", "glycosylase", "(", "UDG", ")", "gene", "in", "human", "osteosarcoma", "(", "Saos-2", ")", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 15, 16, 16, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0 ]

[ "We", "demonstrate", ",", "through", "the", "deletion", "of", "the", "human", "UDG", "promoter", "sequences", ",", "that", "expression", "of", "E2F-1", "activates", "the", "UDG", "promoter", "through", "several", "E2F", "sites", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "The", "major", "putative", "downstream", "site", "for", "E2F", ",", "located", "in", "the", "first", "exon", ",", "serves", "as", "a", "target", "for", "E2F-1/DP1", "complex", "binding", "in", "vitro", "." ]

[ 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "also", "provide", "evidence", "for", "the", "functional", "relationship", "between", "the", "cyclin-like", "UDG", "gene", "product", "and", "E2F", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 16, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "High", "levels", "of", "UDG", "expression", "in", "a", "transient", "transfection", "assay", "result", "in", "the", "down-regulation", "of", "transcriptional", "activity", "through", "elements", "specific", "for", "E2F", "-mediated", "transcription", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Overexpression", "of", "UDG", "in", "Saos", "2", "cells", "was", "observed", "to", "delay", "growth", "late", "in", "G1", "phase", "and", "transiently", "arrest", "these", "cells", "from", "progressing", "into", "the", "S", "phase", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 15, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This", "hypothetical", "model", "integrates", "one", "mechanism", "of", "DNA", "repair", "with", "the", "cell", "cycle", "control", "of", "gene", "transcription", ",", "likely", "through", "E2F", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0 ]

[ "This", "implicates", "E2F", "as", "a", "multifunctional", "target", "for", "proteins", "and", "enzymes", ",", "possibly", ",", "responsive", "to", "DNA", "damage", "through", "the", "negative", "effect", "of", "UDG", "on", "E2F", "-mediated", "transcriptional", "activity", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Cellular", "and", "molecular", "mechanisms", "of", "IFN-gamma", "production", "induced", "by", "IL-2", "and", "IL-12", "in", "a", "human", "NK", "cell", "line", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 0 ]

[ "Interferon-gamma", "(", "IFN-gamma", ")", "is", "an", "important", "immunoregulatory", "protein", "produced", "predominantly", "by", "T", "cells", "and", "large", "granular", "lymphocytes", "(", "LGL", ")", "in", "response", "to", "different", "extracellular", "signals", "." ]

[ 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "particular", ",", "two", "interleukins", "(", "ILs", ")", ",", "IL-2", "and", "IL-12", ",", "have", "been", "shown", "to", "be", "potent", "inducers", "of", "IFN-gamma", "gene", "expression", "in", "both", "T", "cells", "and", "LGL", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14, 0, 13, 0 ]

[ "Although", "it", "has", "been", "reported", "that", "there", "are", "some", "T", "cell", "lines", "that", "produce", "IFN-gamma", "in", "response", "to", "IL-2", "and", "IL-12", "stimulation", ",", "there", "has", "as", "yet", "been", "no", "report", "of", "a", "natural", "killer", "(", "NK", ")", "cell", "line", "that", "responds", "in", "a", "similar", "manner", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "this", "report", "we", "present", "evidence", "that", "the", "cell", "line", "NK3.3", "derived", "from", "human", "NK", "cells", ",", "responds", "to", "both", "IL-2", "and", "IL-12", ",", "as", "measured", "by", "increases", "in", "IFN-gamma", "and", "granulocyte-macrophage", "colony-stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM-CSF", ")", "cytoplasmic", "mRNA", "and", "protein", "expression", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 12, 12, 0, 0, 13, 14, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "addition", ",", "when", "used", "together", "IL-2", "and", "IL-12", "synergized", "in", "the", "induction", "of", "IFN-gamma", "and", "GM-CSF", "and", "this", "synergy", "was", "attributed", "to", "an", "increased", "accumulation", "and", "stability", "of", "the", "IFN-gamma", "and", "GM-CSF", "mRNAs", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "To", "investigate", "the", "signaling", "pathways", "involved", "in", "the", "gene", "induction", ",", "five", "inhibitors", ",", "cyclosporin", "A", "(", "CsA", ")", ",", "transforming", "growth", "factor-beta", ",", "cycloheximide", ",", "genistein", ",", "and", "staurosporine", "A", ",", "were", "used", "in", "analyzing", "the", "effects", "of", "IL-2", "and", "IL-12", "on", "NK3.3", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 15, 0, 11, 12, 0 ]

[ "The", "results", "suggest", "that", "activation", "of", "protein", "kinase", "C", ",", "but", "not", "new", "protein", "synthesis", ",", "is", "required", "for", "IL-2", "induction", "of", "IFN-gamma", "and", "GM-CSF", "cytoplasmic", "mRNA", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 15, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0 ]