This argument, however, has been disputed recently by Paul Samuelson of MIT; writing in the Journal of Economics Perspectives, he suggests that "sometimes a productivity gain in one country can benefit that country alone, while permanently hurting the other country by reducing the gains from trade that are possible between the two countries".
Međutim, taj argument je nedavno osporio Pol Semjuelson sa MIT instituta. Pišući za Žurnal ekonomskih perspektiva, Semjuelson tvrdi da je “ponekad proizvodni dobitak u jednoj zemlji od koristi samo toj zemlji, a da istovremeno trajno škodi drugoj zemlji smanjujući dohotke od trgovine koja je moguća između te dve zemlje”.