What organization did the terrorists on 9/11 belong to?
Responsibility for the September 11 attacks
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Existing protocols on 9/11 were unsuited in every respect for an attack in which hijacked planes were used as weapons.  What ensued was a hurried attempt to improvise a defense by civilians who had never handled a hijacked aircraft that attempted to disappear, and by a military unprepared for the transformation of commercial aircraft into weapons of mass destruction.[147]