65 year-old male with multi-valve disease and possible pulmonary sarcoidosis on CT. CMR to rule out cardiac involvement. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size and hyperdynamic. The overall LV ejection fraction is 78%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 57 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 117 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 13 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 27 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 50 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 104 g (normal range 164+/-36). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size. Flow disturbance seen at the level of the fossa ovalis in the inter-atrial septum suspicious for PFO. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 57%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 76 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 157 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 32 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 66 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size.Aortic ValveThere is an aortic bioprosthesis. Flow acceleration noted. Quantification of flow not performed. Mild aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThere is significant mitral annular calcification with flow acceleration in keeping with significant mitral stenosis. Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered. Refer to recent CT for pulmonary findings.
1. The left ventricle is normal in size and hyperdynamic. The overall LV ejection fraction is 78%. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.2. The right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 57%.3. There is significant mitral annular calcification with flow acceleration in keeping with significant mitral stenosis. These findings should be correlated with recent echocardiography. 4. There is an aortic bioprosthesis with flow acceleration. 5. The tricuspid valve opens widely. There is at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation.6. Flow disturbance seen at the level of the fossa ovalis in the inter-atrial septum suspicious for PFO. Unable to confirm on MRI. Suggest confirmation on intra-opertative TEE if patient is going to the OR.7. No evidence for cardiac sarcoid on this study.