70 year old male with history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes presenting for evaluation of cardiac size and function. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size with moderately reduced systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 33%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 76 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 178 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 51 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 120 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 79 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 185 g (normal range 164+/-36). The LV dysfunction is global. There is no clear localized late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.Left AtriumThe left atrium is severely dilated (152ml). Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size with mildly reduced systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 48%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 67 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 158 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 35 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 82 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is mild to moderately dilated.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is mild mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is trace tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal "pseudobovine" brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium. The pulmonary vein dimensions are: RUPV: 28x25mmRLPV: 26x23mmLUPV: 24x20mmLLPV: 22x15mmPulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. Normal LV size with moderately reduced systolic function (LVEF 33%) without evidence of obvious underlying myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, or infiltration.2. Normal RV size with mildly reduced systolic function (RVEF 48%).3. Severe left atrial volume4. Mild to moderate right atrial dilation. I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.