Reason: eval for dynamic instability and spondylolisthesis; flexion and extension views History: low back pain, lumbar degeneration Degenerative disc disease most severe at L4-5 and L5-S1 levels with vacuum phenomena. Alignment is anatomic without evidence of spinal instability. Small anterior osteophyte formation.
Degenerative changes of the lumbar spine as above. No evidence of spinal instability.