? cardiac amyloid Left VentricleThe left ventricle is mildly hypertrophied at 12 mm. Hypertrophy is concentric with sigmoid septum. The overall LV ejection fraction is 60%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 69 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 157 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 28 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 57 ml (normal range 47+/-19). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There appears to be mild diffuse late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process. The native T1 times is 3 separate areas of myocardium are 1050-1100 msec.Left AtriumThe left atrium is enlarged. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal. The overall RV ejection fraction is 68%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 78 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 152 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 23 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 47 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation, but the severity of aortic regurgitation can be underestimated by the MRI pulse sequence used in this study.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation, but the severity of mitral regurgitation can be underestimated by the MRI pulse sequence used in this study.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation, but the severity of pulmonic regurgitation can be underestimated by the MRI pulse sequence used in this study.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is no significant tricuspid regurgitation, but the severity of tricuspid regurgitation can be underestimated by the MRI pulse sequence used in this study.AortaThe aortic root is normal in size. There is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumMinimal pericardial effusion.Extracardiac Findings . This study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. Normal LV systolic function with mild concentric hypertrophy.2. Normal RV3. There appears to be mild diffuse delayed enhancement and the native T1 times are upper normal which suggests but is not sufficiently abnormal to be definitive of cardiac amyloid involvement. 