Diagnosis: Other forms of epilepsy and recurrent seizures with intractable epilepsyClinical question: epilepsy presurgical evaluation. Epilepsy protocol 2. 1 mm thin cut. Please include 3 D T1 contrast and DTI is requested. Please contact Dr. Carina Yang for questions.Signs and Symptoms: Medically intractable right frontal epilepsyComments: Please include 3 D T1 contrast and DTI is requested. Please contact Dr. Carina Yang for questions. Thanks. | The CSF spaces are appropriate for the patient's stated age with no midline shift. No abnormal enhancing mass lesions are appreciated intracranially. No intracranial hemorrhage is identified. No edema is identified within the brain parenchyma. The hippocampi are symmetric.Normal vascular flow voids are present in the distal carotid and vertebral arteries, the basilar artery and the proximal anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries as well as the internal cerebral veins and superior sagittal sinus. The left sigmoid sinus and left transverse sinus and in left jugular fossa are larger than their right counterparts.The visualized portions of the paranasal sinuses are clear. The visualized portions of the mastoid air cells are clear. The visualized portions of the orbits are intact.
MRI of the brain is within normal limits. No etiology for the patient's known seizures is appreciated.