40 year old woman with Turner's syndrome, referred for cardiac imaging. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 60%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 77 ml/m2 (normal range: 65+/-11), the LVEDV is 120 ml (normal range 109+/-23), the LV end systolic volume index is 31 ml/m2 (normal range 18+/-5), the LVESV is 48 ml (normal range 31+/-10), the LV mass index is 40 g/m2 (normal range 67+/-11), and the LV mass is 62 g (normal range 114+/-24). No evidence of ventricular septal defect. There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.Left AtriumThe left atrium is mildly dilated. No evidence of atrial septal defect.Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 65%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 63 ml/m2 (normal range 69+/-14), the RVEDV is 99 ml (normal range 110+/-24), the RV end systolic volume index is 22 ml/m2 (normal range 22+/-8), and the RVESV is 35 ml (normal range 35+/-13). Right AtriumThe right atrium is mildly dilated. Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is trace aortic regurgitation. The aortic valve is trileaflet.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is no significant tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size. No evidence of thoracic aortic aneurysm. No evidence of aortic coarctation. Sinus of Valsalva: 31x31x31mmST Junction: 29x29mmAscending Aorta: 30x30mmRight coronary artery and left main coronary arteries originate normally from the appropriate sinuses.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size. Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium. PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. Normal LV size and systolic function (LVEF 60%) without underlying myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, or infiltration. 2. Normal RV size and systolic function (RVEF 65%).3. Trileaflet aortic valve.4. No evidence of thoracic aortic aneurysm or coarctation.5. No evidence of intra-cardiac shunt. I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.