Female, 60 years old, with chronic low back pain and recent exacerbation of back pain with radiation down lateral thigh and leg. Alignment is anatomic. Vertebral body height and morphology are within normal limits. No marrow edema or replacement is seen. The distal spinal cord, conus and cauda equina are within normal limits. No epidural lesions are seen. T11-12: Mild disc bulging. No spinal canal or foraminal stenosis.T12-L1: Unremarkable.L1-2: Facet hypertrophy and ligamentum flavum thickening. No significant spinal canal or neuroforaminal stenosis. L2-3: Facet hypertrophy and ligamentum flavum thickening. No significant spinal canal or neuroforaminal stenosis. L3-4: Facet hypertrophy and ligamentum flavum thickening. No significant spinal canal or neuroforaminal stenosis. L4-5: Severe facet hypertrophy with effusions. Ligamentum flavum thickening. Small right paracentral disc extrusion. Mild spinal canal stenosis. Mild right foraminal stenosis. L5-S1: Facet hypertrophy and ligamentum flavum thickening. No significant spinal canal stenosis. Mild foraminal stenosis.
1.Facet arthropathy is present at most levels, severe at L4-5.2.A small right paracentral disc protrusion is seen at L4-5 resulting in mild spinal canal stenosis. 3.No other high grade canal stenosis is seen.