A 71 year old male with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation referred to cardiac MRI for further evaluation as a candidate for ablation. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 54%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 95 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 200 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 44 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 92 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 58 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 121 g (normal range 164+/-36). There is a diverticulum at the basal segment of the inferior wall. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process. There is increased signal intensity on LGE images noted in basal inferolateral wall which is likely partial volume artifact. No intracavitary thrombus was seen.Left AtriumThe left atrium is moderately dilated (129ml). Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 52%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 86 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 180 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 42 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 87 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is moderately dilated.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely with mitral valve prolapse and mid-systolic mild to moderate mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is moderate tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium and are patent.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. The left ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function, the LVEF is 54%. 2. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process. 3. Moderate biatrial enlargement. 4. The right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function, the RVEF is 52%. 5. There is mitral valve prolapse with mild to moderate mitral regurgitation.6. Moderate tricuspid regurgitation. 7. All four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium and are patent.I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.