35 year old man with coarctation repair referred for evaluation. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 57%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 90 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 192 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 39 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 83 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 29 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 61 g (normal range 164+/-36). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 58%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 97 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 206 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 41 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 87 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve is bicuspid with fusion of the right and left coronary cusps. It opens widely and there is mild aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is mild tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThe ascending aorta is normal in size. There is dilation of the descending aorta before and after the coarctation-repair site. At the repair site turbulent flow is appreciated on cine imaging. There is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. Sinus of Valsalva: 32 x 34 x 39 mm (previously 35x41mm)ST Junction: 28x28 mm (previously 29x29mm)Ascending Aorta: 33x30 mm (previously 33x34mm)Aortic arch (prox): 25x25 mm (previously 26x25mm)Proximal to coarctation repair site: 32x32 mm (previously 33x34mm)Coarctation repair site: 22 x 21 mm (previously 25x25mm)Distal to coarctation repair site: 30x28 mm (previously 33x32mm)Distal thoracic aorta: 25x24mm (previously 25x23mm)Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsThis study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. Normal LV size and systolic function (LVEF 57%). Normal wall motion and no evidence of underlying myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, or infiltration2. Normal RV size and systolic function RVEF 58%. 3. Bicuspid aortic valve without evidence of stenosis or regurgitation. 4. Narrowing at the site of previous coarctation repair which is appears smaller in cross-sectional area than compared to previous study performed 9/2012. 