 The vertebral column alignment is within normal limits without spondylolisthesis. Vertebral body heights are preserved. A few scattered foci of increased T1 and T2 signal within the bone marrow are compatible with small hemangiomas and/or focal fat deposition without suspicious focal lesions. There is mild-moderate loss of disc height at L1-L2 with small anterior osteophytes at this level. Multiple discs are desiccated. The visualized spinal cord displays normal signal and morphology. The tip of the conus is at L1-L2. The paravertebral soft tissues are grossly unremarkable.T12-L1: No significant central canal or foraminal stenosis.L1-L2: Mild disc bulge without significant central canal or foraminal stenosis.L2-L3: Minimal disc bulge without significant central canal or foraminal stenosis.L3-L4: Minimal disc bulge without significant central canal or foraminal stenosis.L4-L5: Mild disc bulge. Mild ligamentum flavum and facet hypertrophy. Mild bilateral foraminal stenosis. No significant central canal stenosis.L5-S1: Mild disc bulge which causes partial effacement of the bilateral lateral recesses and abuts the bilateral S1 nerve roots. Mild facet hypertrophy. No significant central canal stenosis. Minimal bilateral foraminal stenosis.Incidental note is made of conjoined S2-3 nerve roots on the right.
Mild degenerative changes as described above including mild disc bulge at L5-S1 which abuts the bilateral S1 nerve roots in the lateral recess, and mild bilateral L4-L5 neural foraminal stenosis. Otherwise no significant spinal canal or neural foraminal stenosis.