28 year old man with second degree AV block who presents for cardiac MRI to evaluate for structure, function, and scar. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is mildly enlarged with lower limits of normal systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 53%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 117 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 242 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 56 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 115 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 51 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 104 g (normal range 164+/-36). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process. Area of curvilinear hyperintensity at the LV apex is shown to not represent delayed enhancement in the myocardium as this was not present on any other planes.Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is moderately enlarged with mildly reduced systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 45%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 142 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 294 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 79 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 162 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is no significant tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.This study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. The left ventricle is mildly enlarged with lower limits of normal systolic function. [LVEF 53% ]2. The right ventricle is moderately enlarged with mildly reduced systolic function.[RVEF 45%]3. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process.