A 54 year old female with past history of patent foramen ovale close in 2008 with a occluder device, then diagnosed with mild left ventricular dysfunction and right ventricular enlargement by echocardiography. A cardiac MRI on 4/2014 showed normal left and right ventricular function with no late gadolinium enhancement. Referred now for cardiac MRI to evaluate cardiac function. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is normal in size with mild systolic dysfunction. There is mild reduced contractility of the apical anterior and inferior walls compared to the previous exam. There is slight paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum which may be conductional, stable. The overall LV ejection fraction is 48%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 79 ml/m2 (normal range: 65+/-11), the LVEDV is 163 ml (normal range 109+/-23), the LV end systolic volume index is 41 ml/m2 (normal range 18+/-5), the LVESV is 85 ml (normal range 31+/-10), the LV mass index is 37 g/m2 (normal range 67+/-11), and the LV mass is 75 g (normal range 114+/-24). Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size with low normal systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 50%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 88 ml/m2 (normal range 69+/-14), the RVEDV is 180 ml (normal range 110+/-24), the RV end systolic volume index is 44 ml/m2 (normal range 22+/-8), and the RVESV is 90 ml (normal range 35+/-13). Left and Right AtriumThe left and right atrium are mildly dilated. Susceptibility artifact in located at the interatrial septum which may be the PFO closure device.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is tricuspid regurgitation which visually appears mild but was not quantified.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. No thoracic aortic aneurysm.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size. Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium. PericardiumThere is no pericardial effusion.
1. The left ventricle is normal in size with mild systolic dysfunction, with an LVEF of 48%, reduced from 55% in 2014. 2. The right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function, the RVEF is 50%, also slightly decreased from prior exam.3. The left and right atrium remain mildly dilated. I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.