36 year old female with a history of bicuspid aortic valve. ?Aortopathy. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is mildly dilated with normal systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 62%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 93 ml/m2 (normal range: 65+/-11), the LVEDV is 203 ml (normal range 109+/-23), the LV end systolic volume index is 35 ml/m2 (normal range 18+/-5), the LVESV is 76 ml (normal range 31+/-10). The left ventricular mass index is 58g/m2, and the left ventricular mass is 127g. There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. Left AtriumThe left atrium is mildly dilated in size.Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 61%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 94 ml/m2 (normal range 69+/-14), the RVEDV is 204 ml (normal range 110+/-24), the RV end systolic volume index is 37 ml/m2 (normal range 22+/-8), and the RVESV is 80 ml (normal range 35+/-13). Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve is bicuspid with fusion of the non-coronary and right coronary cusps. The is no significant aortic stenosis. There is trace aortic regurgitation (regurgitant fraction 3%, regurgitant volume 4ml), stable when compared to the previous exam.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is trace tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is dilated. There is no evidence of coarctation. The aortic measurements are as follows:Aortic annulus: 28mmSinus of valsalva: 39.4mmSinotubular junction: 31.5mmAscending aorta (4cm from annulus) : 34.4mmProximal aortic arch: 35mmDescending aorta: 22mmPulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size. Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium. PericardiumThere is a trace pericardial effusion. Extracardiac FindingsThere are scattered lymph nodes most evident in the left axilla, the largest of which is <1cm. This was seen on the previous examination as well. This study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. The left ventricle is mildly dilated with systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 60%.2. The right ventricle is normal in size and systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 56%. 3. Bicuspid aortic valve without significant stenosis or regurgitation.4. No aortic coarctation.5. The aortic root is mildly dilated but measurements largely stable when compared to the previous exam of 12/2013.I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.