29 year old female with atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation with recent stroke referred for cardiac MRI for further evaluation. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is mildly dilated with normal systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 60%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 84 ml/m2 (normal range: 65+/-11), the LVEDV is 149 ml (normal range 109+/-23), the LV end systolic volume index is 33 ml/m2 (normal range 18+/-5), the LVESV is 59 ml (normal range 31+/-10), the LV mass index is 29 g/m2 (normal range 67+/-11), and the LV mass is 51 g (normal range 114+/-24). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement to suggest the presence of an underlying fibrosing, infiltrative, or inflammatory process. Native myocardial pre-contrast T1 relaxation times are within normal limits (~1000 ms). Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 57%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 82 ml/m2 (normal range 69+/-14), the RVEDV is 146 ml (normal range 110+/-24), the RV end systolic volume index is 36 ml/m2 (normal range 22+/-8), and the RVESV is 63 ml (normal range 35+/-13). Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size. Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there is no significant aortic regurgitation.Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is no significant tricuspid regurgitation.AortaThere is a left sided aortic arch with a normal brachiocephalic branching pattern. The aortic root is normal in size.Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size. Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium. PericardiumThere is no obvious pericardial disease.Extracardiac FindingsSmall nodular enhancing foci within the breasts, likely fibroadenomas given patient's age and multifocality. This study is not designed for the specific evaluation of extra-cardiac findings; therefore, the differentiation between artifacts and real extracardiac pathology may be difficult. If clinically indicated, a separate dedicated evaluation should be considered.
1. The left ventricle is mildly dilated with normal systolic function (LVEF 60%). 2. The right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function (LVEF 57%). 3. All four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.