45 year old with history of bicuspid aortic valve and known aortic regurgitation presenting for evaluation of aortopathy. Left VentricleThe left ventricle is mildly dilated with normal systolic function. The overall LV ejection fraction is 55%, the LV end diastolic volume index is 116 ml/m2 (normal range: 74+/-15), the LVEDV is 236 ml (normal range 142+/-34), the LV end systolic volume index is 52 ml/m2 (normal range 25+/-9), the LVESV is 106 ml (normal range 47+/-19), the LV mass index is 71 g/m2 (normal range 85+/-15), and the LV mass is 144 g (normal range 164+/-36). There are no regional wall motion abnormalities present. There is no late gadolinium enhancement. No intracardiac thrombus.Left AtriumThe left atrium is normal in size. Right VentricleThe right ventricle is normal in size with normal systolic function. The overall RV ejection fraction is 66%, the RV end diastolic volume index is 86 ml/m2 (normal range 82+/-16), the RVEDV is 175 ml (normal range 142+/-31), the RV end systolic volume index is 30 ml/m2 (normal range 31+/-9), and the RVESV is 60 ml (normal range 54+/-17).Right AtriumThe right atrium is normal in size.Aortic ValveThe aortic valve opens widely and there moderate aortic regurgitation, with a regurgitant fraction of 37%. The aortic valve is bicuspid with fusion of the right and left cusps. Mitral ValveThe mitral valve opens widely and there is no significant mitral regurgitation.Pulmonic ValveThe pulmonic valve opens widely. There is no significant pulmonic regurgitation.Tricuspid ValveThe tricuspid valve opens widely. There is no significant tricuspid regurgitation.AortaNo evidence of dissection. The following orthogonal dimensions of the thoracic aorta will be reported in an addendum when they become available. There is no aortic coarctation. Pulmonary VeinsAll four pulmonary veins drain normally into the left atrium.Pulmonary ArteryThe main pulmonary artery is normal in size.Venous AnatomyThe SVC and IVC are normal in size and drain normally into the right atrium.PericardiumThere is no pericardial effusion.
1. No evidence of thoracic aortic dissection. The orthogonal dimensions of the thoracic aorta will be reported in an addendum when they become available.2. The left ventricle is mildly dilated with normal systolic function. Left ventricular ejection fraction equals 55%. No abnormal enhancement of the left ventricle.3. Nonstenotic bicuspid aortic valve with intercoronary fusion, moderate aortic regurgitation. The fraction is equal to 37%.I personally reviewed the Images and/or procedure with the Resident/Fellow and agree with this report.