SRL for [proliferated]: Joint - research programs have [proliferated] as U.S. companies seek to spread the risks and costs of commercializing new superconductors and to meet the challenges posed by foreign consortia , especially in Japan .
ARG-0: Joint - research programs | ARG-M-CAU: as U.S. companies seek to spread the risks and costs of commercializing new superconductors and to meet the challenges posed by foreign consortia , especially in Japan