methods and artificial matrices for the growth and implantation of cartilaginous structures and surfaces are disclosed . in the preferred embodiments , chondrocytes are grown on biodegradable , biocompatible fibrous polymeric matrices . optionally , the cells are proliferated in vitro until an adequate cell volume and density has developed for the cells to survive and proliferate in vivo . one advantage of the matrices is that they can be cast or molded into a desired shape , on an individual basis , so that the final product closely resembles a patient &# 39 ; s own ear or nose . alternatively , flexible matrices can be used which can be manipulated at the time of implantation , as in a joint , followed by remodeling through cell growth and proliferation in vivo . the cultured cells can also be maintained on the matrix in a nutrient media for production of bioactive molecules such as angiogenesis inhibiting factor .