the invention relates to a microbattery made of bioelectroactive components based on biomimetic processes . bio - derived electron donors and electron acceptors are separately encapsulated in at least one pair of polymerized phospholipid vesicles . embedded within the vesicle walls are lipophilic electron mediators that facilitate the transfer of electrons across the vesicle walls . each pair of vesicles is immobilized on a conducting surface . the pair of vesicles are isolated from each other to create a galvanic cell , in which electrons flow from high to low electrochemical potential . a high energy density battery can be achieved if the vesicles are immobilized on highly porous conducting substrates .