example embodiments are directed to a nanofiber - nanowire composite includes a polymer nanofiber ; and a plurality of nanowires of a metal oxide extending from inside to outside of the polymer nanofiber and covering the polymer nanofiber . according to example embodiments , a method of fabricating a nanofiber - nanowire composite includes forming a nanofiber including a metal seed ; and growing nanowires of a metal oxide from the metal seed to the outside of the nanofiber .