embodiments of the present invention provide a core of individual components having properties such that a system assembled from the components absorbs the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle . the components may be interlocking components . the components may be manufactured of ceramic or polymeric composite or other materials that are strong enough to absorb the vehicle &# 39 ; s energy and help stop the vehicle safely by the system &# 39 ; s ability to crush or deform upon impact , and not so strong that it causes the vehicle to crumple against the barrier . in one particular embodiment , the components may be modified packing elements that are traditionally used in gas to liquid columns .