a high - throughput lithography process for creating high - resolution patterns in a polymerizable composition using carefully controlled electric fields followed by curing of the polymerizable composition is described . the process involves the use of a template that includes the desired patterns . this template is brought into close proximity to the polymerizable composition on the substrate . an external electric field is applied to the template - substrate interface while maintaining a uniform , carefully controlled gap between the template and substrate . this causes the polymerizable composition to be attracted to the raised portions of the template . by appropriately choosing the various process parameters such as the viscosity of the polymerizable composition , the magnitude of the electric field , and the distance between the template and substrate , the resolution of the structures formed in the liquid may be controlled to conform to that of the template .