formulations which have been developed for topical or local delivery intrapelvically , intraperitoneally or directly on reproductive organs of interest administration to a region such as the female reproductive system , provide for increased comfort , increased bioavailability , rapid and relatively high blood levels in the regions to be treated in the substantial absence of systemic levels of drug which might cause side effects . these formulations consist of drug micro or nanoparticles , which may be formed of drug alone or in combination with an excipient or polymeric carrier . the excipient or polymer may be used to manipulate release rates and to increase adhesion to the affected region . the particulate formulation can be applied as a dried powder , a liquid suspension or dispersion , or as a topical ointment , creme , lotion , foam or suppository .