a catalytic process is disclosed for converting solid or high viscosity carbon - based energy carrier materials , such as heavy crudes , oil sands , synthetic polymeric wastes and cellulosic or aquatic biomass . the conversion temperature is less than 450 ° c . the reaction products are separated from the catalyst within 10 seconds after being formed . the temperature of the reaction products is lowered to less than 200 ° c . within 10 seconds after being formed . the process results in less deterioration of the reaction products .