page_title: British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)
section_title: Important Scottish firms
hierarchical_section_title: British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918) / Makers / Important Scottish firms
caption_attribution_description: English: Maker's mark of A Ballantine and Gardiner in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh
context_page_description: A revival of the art and craft of stained-glass window manufacture took place in early 19th-century Britain, beginning with an armorial window created by Thomas Willement in 1811–12. The revival led to stained glass windows becoming such a common and popular form of coloured pictorial representation that many thousands of people, most of whom would never commission or purchase a painting, contributed to the commission and purchase of stained-glass windows for their parish church.
  Within 50 years of the beginnings of commercial manufacture in the 1830s, British stained glass grew into an enormous and specialised industry, with important centres in Newcastle upon Tyne, Birmingham, Whitechapel in London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, Norwich and Dublin. The industry also flourished in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. By 1900 British windows had been installed in Copenhagen, Venice, Athens, Bangalore, Nagasaki, Manila and Wellington. After the Great War from 1914 to 1918, stained glass design was to change radically.
context_section_description: 1828–, William Cairney & Sons, then John Cairney & Co, Glasgow. Daniel Cottier, who is said to have influenced Tiffany greatly, was trained in John Cairney's studio.
  1837–1940, Ballantine and Allan, Edinburgh, at one point Ballantine and Gardiner, also James Ballantine and Sons, Alex Ballantine and Son and sometimes Ballantyne. There were three generations of Ballantines. The firm was founded by James (1807–1887), man of letters and writer, taken over by his son Alex, then by HIS son James, who died in an accident in 1940.
  1847–, David Kier & Sons, originally from Irvine. They were the glaziers responsible for installing the controversial Munich glass in Glasgow cathedral.
  1850–, Hugh Bogle & Co. Hugh Bogle was originally a house painter in Glasgow. In the mid- to late 19th century, like many other Scottish firms, his company began to offer stained glass.
  1860–, J.& W. Guthrie John and William were the sons of John Guthrie, who established a firm of painters and decorators in Glasgow around 1850. They formed a stained glass partnership around 1874, later to become Guthrie and Wells. John Gordon Guthrie, son of William, emigrated to America, where he was hugely important in the development of the art there.
  1865–, Daniel Cottier (1838–1891). Glasgow then London, New York and Sydney.
  pre-1855 Field and Allen, Edinburgh and Leith, started making windows in 1859. The company folded in 1900, by which time it had ceased making windows.
caption: Maker's mark of Ballantine and Gardiner in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh
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