page_title: Jaime, Duke of Madrid
section_title: Warsaw spell in perspective
hierarchical_section_title: Jaime, Duke of Madrid / Warsaw spell / Warsaw spell in perspective
caption_attribution_description: Polski: Obraz Pawła Fiedotowa Encore, jeszcze encore! znajdujący się w Galerii Trietiakowskiej w Moskwie.English: Encore, again Encore!" by Pavel Fedotow, Tretyakov Gallery
context_page_description: Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, known as Duke of Madrid and as Jacques de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou in France, was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Jaime III and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France as Jacques I.
context_section_description: Don Jaime joined the Russian army in his mid-20s, in-between youth and mid-age, straightforward, easy-going, just about to get married and to launch his international career. His last, brief Warsaw spells occurred when he was in his mid-30s, a solitary who by some was already viewed as a bit of a disappointment. For the rest of his life he remained a highly ambiguous if not mysterious figure and is as such acknowledged in historiography. It is not clear to what extent service in the Russian army contributed to his formation. Imperial Guards corps officers made a peculiar company, with own identity, values and rituals, especially in an ethnically alien ambience. According to a Polish cliché a cynical lot, their preferred sports were allegedly womanising, drinking and tormenting Jews in the jolly westernmost garrison of the Empire, in Russian officer-speak known as весёлая варшавка. Some of his Carlist opponents claimed that in the early 1900s don Jaime was already ideologically derailed.
  Don Jaime is not known to have publicly and explicitly referred to the Warsaw service in the decades to come. In Spanish historiography the Warsaw spell is usually treated marginally. Don Jaime's military career in the Far East is at times acknowledged as sort of a curiosity, though his service in the Russian army is mentioned when discussing controversies within Carlism related to Spain's role in the First World War. Historiographic works on Carlism focus either on don Jaime's role in internal strife in the 1910s or on his very last years during Berenguer's dictablanda and the Second Spanish Republic in the early 1930s. In Polish historiography his hussars spell went largely unnoticed. Dedicated works dealing with Spanish-Polish relations acknowledge even brief Polish episodes of celebrities like Pablo Picasso or Carmen Laforet but they ignore don Jaime, even though along Sofía Casanova (1907–1945) and Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros (1950–1962) he is one of the best-known Spaniards permanently residing in Warsaw.
caption: lot of a Russian officer
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