page_title: Nana (echos)
section_title: Nana as exoteric phthora atzem
hierarchical_section_title: Nana (echos) / Nana as exoteric phthora atzem
caption_attribution_description: English: Phthora atzem (zeyir of makam acem notated in Chrysantine neumes) Panagiotes Keltzanides Μεθοδική διδασκαλία θεωρητική τὲ καὶ πρακτική πρὸς ἐκμάθησιν καὶ διάδοσιν τοῦ γνησίου ἐξωτερικοῦ μέλους τῆς καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς Ἑλληνικῆς Μουσικῆς κατ᾿ ἀντιπαράθεσιν πρὸς τὴν Ἀραβοπερσικήν, Istanbul 1881, p. 81.
context_page_description: Phthora nana is one of the ten modes of the Hagiopolitan Octoechos consisting of 8 diatonic echoi and two additional phthorai. It is used in different traditions of Orthodox chant until today. The name "nana" is taken from the syllables sung during the intonation which precedes a melody composed in this mode. The name "phthora" derived from the verb φθείρω and means "destroy" or "corrupt". It was usually referred to the diatonic genus of the eight mode system and as a sign used in Byzantine chant notation it indicated a "change to another genus", in the particular case of phthora nana a change to the enharmonic genus. Today the "nana" intonation has become the standard name of the third authentic mode which is called "echos tritos" in Greek and "third glas" in Old Church Slavonic.
context_section_description: The phthora nana was called in various theories "phthora atzem" which referred to perde acem (the fret on the long necked lute tambur called "acem" which was a common reference for Ottoman musicians) or even to makam acem—the "Persian makam" or "phthora." Panagiotes Keltzanides' edition offered a seyir—a melodic example to illustrate makam acem—on page 81:
  It is close to the melodic models of the Persian Dastgāh-e Šur.
caption: Phthora atzem as a melos of echos tritos (Keltzanides 1881, 81)
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