page_title: Electroconductive carbon black
section_title: Structure
hierarchical_section_title: Electroconductive carbon black / Physical and chemical characteristics of electroconductive carbon black / Structure
caption_attribution_description: English: CHEZACARB structure (pictures from SEM, taken by PIB, there is no reference to an official article)
context_page_description: Made up of primary carbon, carbon black is spherical in shape and arranged into aggregates and agglomerates. It differs from other carbon forms in its complex configuration, colloid dimensions and quasi-graphitic structure. Carbon black's purity and composition are practically free of inorganic pollutants and extractable organic substances.
  A distinction is made between these two terms:
  Carbon black – a specially produced type of carbon utilizing the process of incomplete combustion with restricted oxygen access. The article addresses this type of carbon.
  Soot – auxiliary fuel combustion product, which is considered to be a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties.
  Carbon black can be characterized as a substance with over 97% amorphous carbon content. It is used extensively in many areas of industrial chemistry. It is often used in the plastic and rubber manufacturing industries, where it improves electrical conductivity and electromagnetic or thermo-conductive characteristics of plastic materials and rubbers. By virtue of its pigmentation capabilities, it is also used for the production of special printing inks, paints and varnishes.
context_section_description: Carbon black is essentially formed out of primary carbon, but its structure is much less arranged than that of, for example, graphite. Carbon black exists in the form of discrete particles, however, during the production process its spherical particles, also called primary particles, cluster (aggregate) into chains or clusters. These aggregates then form the smallest carbon black units. They define what is known as the primary structure. Primary structure is characterized by the following: size of the primary particles, surface size, size and structure of the aggregates or chemical “composition” of the carbon black surface. These characteristics determine other carbon black features, such as adsorption properties, density, electrical conductivity, and absorption of UV radiation or visible light.
caption: Electroconductive carbon black – Structure 2
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