page_title: Figure skating jumps
section_title: Types of jumps
hierarchical_section_title: Figure skating jumps / Types of jumps
context_page_description: Figure skating jumps are an element of three competitive figure skating disciplines—men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating but not ice dancing. Jumping in figure skating is "relatively recent". They were originally individual compulsory figures, and sometimes special figures; many jumps were named after the skaters who invented them or from the figures from which they were developed. It was not until the early part of the twentieth century, well after the establishment of organized skating competitions, when jumps with the potential of being completed with multiple revolutions were invented and when jumps were formally categorized. In the 1920s, Austrian skaters began to perform the first double jumps in practice. Skaters experimented with jumps, and by the end of the period, the modern repertoire of jumps had been developed. Jumps did not have a major role in free skating programs during international competitions until the 1930s. During the post-war period and into the 1950s and early 1960s, triple jumps became more common for both male and female skaters, and a full repertoire of two-revolution jumps had been fully developed.
context_section_description: The six most common jumps can be divided into two groups: toe jumps (the toe loop, the flip, and the Lutz) and edge jumps (the Salchow, the loop, and the Axel).  The Euler jump, which was known as a half loop before 2018, is an edge jump.  Toe jumps tend to be higher than edge jumps because skaters press the toe pick of their skate into the ice on takeoff.  Both feet are on the ice at the time of take-off, and the toe-pick in the ice at take-off acts as a pole vault.  It is impossible to add a half-revolution to toe jumps.
  Skaters accomplish edge jumps by leaving the ice from any of their skates' four possible edges; lift is "achieved from the spring gained by straightening of a bent knee in combination with a swing of the free leg".  They require precise rotational control of the skater's upper body, arms, and free leg, and of how well he or she leans into the take-off edge.  The preparation going into the jump and its take-off, as well as controlling the rotation of the preparation and take-off, must be precisely timed.
  Jumps are also classified by the number of revolutions.  For example, all single jumps, except for the Axel, include one revolution, double jumps include two revolution, and so on.  More revolutions earn skaters earn more points.  Double and triple versions have increased in importance "as a measure of technical and athletic ability, with attention paid to clean takeoffs and landings".  Pair skaters perform two types of jumps: side-by-side jumps, in which jumps are accomplished side by side and in unison, and throw jumps, in which the woman performs the jump when assisted and propelled by her partner.
caption: Figure skating edges