page_title: Siamese revolution of 1932
section_title: 24 June 1932
hierarchical_section_title: Siamese revolution of 1932 / 24 June 1932
caption_attribution_description: English: Troops-on-the-street-after-the-coup
context_page_description: The Siamese revolution of 1932 or Siamese coup d'état of 1932 was a coup d'état that occurred in Thailand on 24 June 1932.
  The 1932 revolution was launched by the Khana Ratsadon, the first political party in Siam, and led by a comparatively small group of civilians and military headed by Pridi Banomyong and Plaek Phibunsongkhram. The Khana Ratsadon overthrew the government of King Prajadhipok of the Rattanakosin Kingdom in response to domestic issues as well as global political currents, ending almost 800 years of absolute monarchy under the Kings of Siam. The 1932 revolution resulted in a nearly-bloodless transition of Siam into a constitutional monarchy system of government, the introduction of democracy and the first constitution of Thailand, the creation of the National Assembly of Thailand, and the domination of the Khana Ratsadon in Thai politics until the 1950s.
  The 1932 revolution is considered to be a major event in 20th century Thai history and beginning the civilian-military rivalry for control of the Government of Thailand that has caused political instability in modern Thailand.
context_section_description: Despite their precautions, word of the plan's existence eventually leaked to the police. On the evening of 23 June 1932, the director general of the police made a call to Prince Paribatra, asking for his authorisation to arrest and imprison all involved in the plot. The prince, recognising names on the list that included many influential and powerful individuals, decided to delay the order for the next day, a delay that would be crucial for the plotters.
  That same evening, one of Luang Sinthu's supporters in the navy commandeered a gunboat from its dock on the Chao Phraya River, and by morning was aiming its guns directly at Prince Paribatra's palace in Bangkok. Luang Sinthu himself mobilised 500 armed sailors ready to take the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, at the centre of the capital and part of Dusit Palace. Following them was Prayoon, who later that night took command of a cadre of young officers to seize the post and telegraph offices around the capital. One of the officers was Khuang Abhaiwongse. All communications between the princes and senior members of the administration were thus disabled. Their houses were also under surveillance and guarded by both civilian and military party members.
  At about 04:00 on the morning of 24 June, Phraya Phahol and Songsuradet were already carrying out their part of the plan. Phraya Phahol and some supporters gathered near the Throne Hall waiting for the signal, while Phraya Songsuradet went with a couple of the conspirators to the barracks of the First Cavalry Regiment of the Royal Guards, where most of the armoured vehicles in Bangkok were kept. On arrival, Phraya Songsuradet reprimanded the officer in charge of the barracks for sleeping while there was a Chinese uprising taking place elsewhere in the city—all the while opening the gates of the barracks and mobilising the troops. The ruse worked, and through all the confusion and panic, Phraya Prasan was able to arrest the commander of the regiment and place him in custody. Luang Phibul was ordered to guard him. Armoured vehicles, including some tanks, were commandeered and ordered to head toward the Throne Hall. Phraya Ritthi, after hearing of the success of Phraya Songsuradet, went to the barracks of the First Infantry Regiment. After successfully mobilising the infantry, he too headed to Throne Hall. Having been told weeks before that a military exercise was happening, other troops in the vicinity of Bangkok joined the plotters, thus unknowingly participating in a revolution. Units loyal to the monarch shut themselves in their barracks.
  By the time the infantry and cavalry arrived in the Royal Plaza in front of the Throne Hall at about 06:00, there was already a throng watching the assembled military. Confusion gripped the plaza, many not completely sure if the Chinese uprising was real, or if the military were only at the square to exercise. Phraya Phahol climbed onto one of the tanks and read the Khana Ratsadon Manifesto, a declaration proclaiming the end of the absolute monarchy and the establishment of a new constitutional state in Siam. The Promoters cheered, followed by the military, probably more out of deference than full comprehension of what has actually happened.
  In truth, Phraya Phahol was bluffing. The success of the revolution still depended on events elsewhere in Bangkok. Phraya Prasan was sent to the house of Prince Paribatra, and to other high-ranking members of the government and princes. Prince Paribatra was apparently in his pajamas when he was arrested. None, except the commander of the First Army Corps, offered any resistance. He put up a fight and was slightly wounded, but was eventually taken into custody, becoming the revolution's only casualty. All in all, about 40 officials were arrested and detained in the Throne Hall. One exception was the Minister of Commerce and Communications, Prince Purachatra Jayakara, Prince of Kamphaeng Phet, who escaped in a detached railway engine to warn the King in Hua Hin. By 08:00 the operation was over and the Promoters had won the day.
caption: Troops on the street during the revolution.
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