page_title: Langa, Western Cape
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Langa, Western Cape / History
caption_attribution_description: English: The township Langa with Table Mountain in the background. Afrikaans: Die township Langa met Tafelberg op die agtergrond. Deutsch: Das Township Langa mit dem Tafelberg im Hintergrund.
context_page_description: Langa is a township near Cape Town, South Africa. Its name in Xhosa means '[sun]’. It was established in 1919 after the first wave of the Spanish Flu highlighted the terrible conditions in which some people were living near the N2. Similar to Nyanga, Langa is one of the many areas in South Africa that were designated for Black Africans before the apartheid era. It is the oldest of such suburbs in Cape Town and was the location of much resistance to apartheid. Langa is also where several people were killed on 21 March 1960 same day as the Sharpeville massacre, during the anti-pass campaign. On 21 March 2010, now 50 years later, a monument was unveiled by the government in remembrance of the people who lost their lives.
context_section_description: Although Langa literally means "sun" in Xhosa, the name of the township is derived from the name of Langalibalele - a chief and renowned rainmaker who in 1873 was imprisoned on Robben Island for rebelling against the Natal government. Various prominent people fought for his release and he was subsequently confined to a farm called "Uitvlugt", which is on the site of present-day Pinelands. Langa, which adjoins Pinelands, commemorates this folk hero as it was developed in 1898 on the land known as "Langalibalele's Location". Hence Langa is often called "Kwa-Langa" meaning "place of Langa".
  Langa was originally designed in a way to allow the authorities maximum visibility and control of residents.  In the early years local laws prohibiting the brewing of sorghum beer (utywala) was strongly resented and in the 1930s prohibition was abolished in the area with the construction of municipal beer halls taking place in 1945. In these early years tribal and sub-tribal ethnic identities were still very strong. Often local celebrations by the Mfengu community celebrating their "liberation" from the Xhosa would lead to an increase in tensions. However, the close living conditions of residents in Langa promoted a high degree of neighbourliness and the creation of broader African institutions that promoted a greater sense of community cohesion.
  On the 30 March 1960 Langa was the starting point for a march of 30,000 - 50,000 protesters to Caledon Square police station in Cape Town led by Philip Kgosana and the Pan Africanist Congress to protest the hated Apartheid era pass laws.
caption: Langa with Table Mountain in the background
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