page_title: Aramaic of Hatra
hierarchical_section_title: Aramaic of Hatra
caption_attribution_description: English: This limestone slab is inscribed with an Aramaic Hatran inscription. The name of the city of "Hatra" as the center of the region "Araba" (Kingdom of Araba) appears. From the 11th temple at Hatra, Ninawa Governorate, Iraq. Parthian period, 1st to 3rd century CE. On display at the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, Iraq.
context_page_description: Aramaic of Hatra refers to inscriptions from the site of the ancient city of Hatra that were published by W. Andrae in 1912 and were studied by S. Ronzevalle and P. Jensen. The excavations undertaken by the Iraqi Department of Antiquities brought to light more than 100 new texts, the publication of which was undertaken by F. Safar in the journal Sumer. The first four series were the subject of reviews in the journal Syria. The texts range in date from the 2nd or 3rd century BCE to the destruction of the city c. 240 CE; the earliest dated text provides a date of 98 BCE.
  For the most part, these inscriptions are short commemorative graffiti with minimal text. The longest of the engraved inscriptions does not have more than 13 lines. It is therefore difficult to identify more than a few features of the Aramaic dialect of Hatra, which shows overall the greatest affinity to Syriac.
  The stone inscriptions bear witness to an effort to establish a monumental script. This script is little different from that of the Aramaic inscriptions of Assur. The ds and the rs are not distinguished from one another, and it is sometimes difficult not to confuse w and y.
context_section_description: Aramaic of Hatra refers to inscriptions from the site of the ancient city of Hatra that were published by W. Andrae in 1912 and were studied by S. Ronzevalle and P. Jensen.  The excavations undertaken by the Iraqi Department of Antiquities brought to light more than 100 new texts, the publication of which was undertaken by F. Safar in the journal Sumer.  The first four series were the subject of reviews in the journal Syria.  The texts range in date from the 2nd or 3rd century BCE to the destruction of the city c. 240 CE; the earliest dated text provides a date of 98 BCE.
  For the most part, these inscriptions are short commemorative graffiti with minimal text.  The longest of the engraved inscriptions does not have more than 13 lines.  It is therefore difficult to identify more than a few features of the Aramaic dialect of Hatra, which shows overall the greatest affinity to Syriac.
  The stone inscriptions bear witness to an effort to establish a monumental script.  This script is little different from that of the Aramaic inscriptions of Assur (possessing the same triangular š, and the use of the same means to avoid confusion between m, s, and q).  The ds and the rs are not distinguished from one another, and it is sometimes difficult not to confuse w and y.
caption: Slab with Aramaic Hatran Inscription from Hatra. Iraq Museum
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