page_title: Ribosome
section_title: Ribosome structure
hierarchical_section_title: Ribosome / Ribosome structure
caption_attribution_description: English: Structure and shape of the E.coli 70S ribosome. The large 50S ribosomal subunit (red) and small 30S ribosomal subunit (blue) are shown with a 200 &#197;ngstrom (20 nm) scale bar. For the 50S subunit, the 23S (dark red) and 5S (orange red) rRNAs and the ribosomal proteins (pink) are shown. For the 30S subunit, the 16S rRNA (dark blue) and the ribosomal proteins (light blue) are shown. Italiano: Struttura e morfologia del ribosoma 70S di Escherichia coli' and some other culture the ribo some present La subunità maggiore (50S) è indicata con i colori del rosso la subunità piccola (30S) nei colori del blu. Per la subunità maggiore: in rosa le proteine ribosomali, in rosso scuro il 23S RRNA, in rosso arancio il 5S rRNA. Per la subunità piccola: in blu chiaro le proteine e in blu scuro il 16S rRNA.
context_page_description: Ribosomes are important cell organelle. It does RNA translation, building proteins from amino acids using messenger RNA as a template. Ribosomes are found in all living cells, prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes.
  A ribosome is a mixture of protein and RNA that starts being made in the nucleolus of a cell. The nucleolus is found in the center of the nucleus. The nucleus is protected by the nuclear envelope, and lets things out through the nuclear pores.
  The job of the ribosome is to make new proteins. It does this by moving along a strand of RNA and building a protein based on the code it reads. Making a protein this way is called translation. Ribosomes are usually found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but can also be found throughout the cytoplasm.
context_section_description: Ribosomes are made out of two things: a small ribosomal subunit that reads the mRNA, while the large subunit joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of proteins.
  Eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes, each consisting of a small (40S) and large (60S) subunit. Their small subunit has a 16S RNA sub-unit (consisting of 1540 nucleotides) bound to 21 proteins. The large subunit has a 5S RNA (120 nucleotides), a 28S RNA (4700 nucleotides), a 5.8S RNA (160 nucleotides) subunits and 46 proteins.
caption: Figure 2 : Large (red) and small (blue) subunit fit together
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