page_title: Cap-Haïtien
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Cap-Haïtien / History
caption_attribution_description: English: The cathedral of Cap-Haitien. Français&#160;: La cathédrale de Cap-Haïtien.
context_page_description: Cap-Haïtien, also known as Le Cap, is a city in northern Haiti. It is the capital city of the Nord Département.
  The city is on the coast of the Cap-Haïtien Bay, on the Atlantic Ocean, about 260 km north of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. The central part of the city is between the bay to the east, and mountains to the west.
  Cap-Haïtien is also the chief town of an arrondissement with the same name. The arrondissement has three communes: Cap-Haïtien, Limonade and Quartier-Morin.
context_section_description: On the left side of the river Haut du Cap, Christopher Columbus built a small fort with the rest of the ship Santa María when it was destroyed on Christmas Day on 1492; he named the fort as La Navidad (in English, "Christmas"). This fort was the first European building in America.
  The region around the city had the Taíno name of Guarico, the name used by the Spanish colonists for the region and the new city. When French people came from the Tortuga Island to live here, they founded the city in 1670 and the French King Louis XIV named the place as Cap-Français in 1711; it was then the capital city of the Saint-Domingue colony until 1770 when Port-au-Prince became the new capital city.
  The town was destroyed by Spanish people in January 1691, after the Battle of La Limonade; La Limonade is a savanna just to the east of Cap-Haïtien. Later, in 1695, the town was again destroyed by Spanish and English soldiers.
  Haiti, known as Saint-Domingue during colonial times, was the richest colony of France, and Cap-Français was the richest city in the colony. The city was known then as the "Paris of the west".
  During the Haitian Revolution, there was a battle on 18 November 1803 in Vertières, near Cap-Haïtien. In this battle, the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeated a French colonial army led by the Comte de Rochambeau, leading to the independence of Haiti on 1 January 1804.
  After the Haitian independence, the country was divided in two parts and the northern part was made a kingdom by Henri Christophe and the name of the city was changed to Cap-Henry. Christophe made Milot, a town 15 km to the south of the city, the capital of his kingdom.
  The city was named Cap-Haïtien after the death of Christophe and when Haiti became again one country.
caption: Cathedral Notre-Dame of Cap-Haïtien.
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