page_title: Ingrid Bergman
section_title: Stromboli and "neorealism"
hierarchical_section_title: Ingrid Bergman / Italian period with Rossellini: 1949–1957 / Stromboli and "neorealism"
caption_attribution_description: English: Studio publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman in Fear
context_page_description: Ingrid Bergman was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays. She won many accolades, as a thespian who achieved the Triple Crown of Acting with three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and a Tony Award, along with four Golden Globe Awards, and a BAFTA Award.
  Bergman was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother, and started her acting career in Swedish and German films. Her introduction to Americans came in the English-language remake of Intermezzo. In addition to the classic and Best Picture Academy Award-winning Casablanca opposite Humphrey Bogart, her notable performances from the 1940s include the dramas For Whom the Bell Tolls, Gaslight, The Bells of St. Mary's, and Joan of Arc, all of which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress; she won the award for Gaslight. She made three films with Alfred Hitchcock including Spellbound, with Gregory Peck, and Notorious, opposite Cary Grant. In 1950, she starred in Roberto Rossellini's Stromboli, following the revelation that she was having an extramarital affair with the director, who she eventually married.
context_section_description: Rossellini completed five films starring Bergman between 1949 and 1955: Stromboli, Europa '51, Viaggio in Italia, Giovanna d'Arco al rogo, and La Paura (Fear).
  Rossellini directed her in a brief segment of his 1953 documentary film, Siamo donne (We, the Women), which was devoted to film actresses. His biographer, Peter Bondanella, notes that problems with communication during their marriage may have inspired his films' central themes of "solitude, grace, and spirituality in a world without moral values".
  Rossellini's use of a Hollywood star in his typically "neorealist" films, in which he normally used non-professional actors, did provoke some negative reactions in certain circles. In Bergman's first film with Rossellini, her character was "defying audience expectations" in that the director preferred to work without a script, forcing Bergman to act "inspired by reality while she worked, a style which Bondanella calls 'a new cinema of psychological introspection'". Bergman was aware of Rossellini's directing style before filming, as the director had earlier written to her explaining that he worked from "a few basic ideas, developing them little by little" as a film progressed.
  After separating from Rossellini, Bergman starred in Jean Renoir's Elena and Her Men (Elena et les Hommes, 1956), a romantic comedy in which she played a Polish princess caught up in political intrigue.
caption: In Fear 1954
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