page_title: Pharsalia
hierarchical_section_title: Pharsalia
caption_attribution_description: English: Title page of Lucan’s De bello civili (alias Pharsalia), edited by Theodor Pulmann (also Pulman or Poelmann), printed by the Officina Plantiniana (Plantin) and Johannes/Jan Moretus in Antwerp in 1592. On the title page you see the Plantin printer’s emblema. On the title page and on the endpaper at the left side different old and new owner notes. — Lucan’s poem was always especially popular in times of civil wars or other kinds of general conflicts. This little edition is a good example, because it was prepared and published during the French Wars of Religion (1562–98), as Theodor Pulmann mentions in his preface. He explains the special actuality of Lucan by this fact. Deutsch: Titelseite von Lucans Epos De bello civili (auch Pharsalia), herausgegeben von Theodor Pulmann (auch Pulman oder Poelmann), gedruckt von der Officina Plantiniana (Plantin) und Johannes/Jan Moretus in Antwerpen 1592. Auf der Titelseite ist die Plantin-Druckermarke zu sehen. Auf der Titelseite und auf dem Vorsatz links verschiedene alte Besitzeinträge. — Lucans Epos war immer in Zeiten des Bürgerkrieges oder anderer genereller Konflikte besonders populär. Diese kleine Ausgabe ist ein gutes Beispiel dafür, weil sie während der französischen Hugenottenkriege (1562–1598) erschien, wie Theodor Pulmann in seinem Vorwort erwähnt. Er begründet damit die besondere Aktualität gerade dieses Dichters.
context_page_description: De Bello Civili, more commonly referred to as the Pharsalia, is a Roman epic poem written by the poet Lucan, detailing the civil war between Julius Caesar and the forces of the Roman Senate led by Pompey the Great. The poem's title is a reference to the Battle of Pharsalus, which occurred in 48 BC, near Pharsalus, Thessaly, in northern Greece. Caesar decisively defeated Pompey in this battle, which occupies all of the epic's seventh book. In the early twentieth century, translator J. D. Duff, while arguing that "no reasonable judgment can rank Lucan among the world's great epic poets", notes that the work is notable for Lucan's decision to eschew divine intervention and downplay supernatural occurrences in the events of the story. Scholarly estimation of Lucan's poem and poetry has since changed, as explained by commentator Philip Hardie in 2013: "In recent decades, it has undergone a thorough critical re-evaluation, to re-emerge as a major expression of Neronian politics and aesthetics, a poem whose studied artifice enacts a complex relationship between poetic fantasy and historical reality."
context_section_description: De Bello Civili ([deː ˈbɛlloː kiːˈwiːliː]; On the Civil War), more commonly referred to as the Pharsalia, is a Roman epic poem written by the poet Lucan, detailing the civil war between Julius Caesar and the forces of the Roman Senate led by Pompey the Great. The poem's title is a reference to the Battle of Pharsalus, which occurred in 48 BC, near Pharsalus, Thessaly, in northern Greece. Caesar decisively defeated Pompey in this battle, which occupies all of the epic's seventh book. In the early twentieth century, translator J. D. Duff, while arguing that "no reasonable judgment can rank Lucan among the world's great epic poets", notes that the work is notable for Lucan's decision to eschew divine intervention and downplay supernatural occurrences in the events of the story. Scholarly estimation of Lucan's poem and poetry has since changed, as explained by commentator Philip Hardie in 2013: "In recent decades, it has undergone a thorough critical re-evaluation, to re-emerge as a major expression of Neronian politics and aesthetics, a poem whose studied artifice enacts a complex relationship between poetic fantasy and historical reality."
caption: The Pharsalia was especially popular in times of civil wars and similar troubles; for example the editor of this 1592 edition, Theodor Pulmann, explains Lucan's relevance by the French Wars of Religion (1562–98).
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