page_title: Havana Harbor
section_title: Environmental conditions
hierarchical_section_title: Havana Harbor / Environmental conditions
caption_attribution_description: Español: Vista panorámica de la margen derecha del canal de entrada de la Bahía de Habana. A la izquierda el Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro y a la derecha la Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña. Habana, Cuba. English: Panoramic view of the right side of the entrance canal to Havana Bay. At the left, the Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro, and at the right, the Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña. Havana, Cuba
context_page_description: Havana harbor is the port of Havana, the capital of Cuba, and it is the main port in Cuba. Other port cities in Cuba include Cienfuegos, Matanzas, Manzanillo, and Santiago de Cuba.
  The harbor was created from the natural Havana Bay. It is entered through a narrow inlet and divides into three main harbors: Marimelena, Guanabacoa, and Atarés.
context_section_description: As a harbor almost completely surrounded by shipping and industrial activities, the waters of the bay suffer from environmental stress. This in turn affects the water quality of the Caribbean Sea into which it flows. Water entering the bay as river flows or effluent from industrial processes has a residence in the harbor of 8 days, on average. It receives approximately 48,000 m3 of waste water per day, which carries about 4,800 kg of nitrogen and 1,200 kg of phosphorus, which results in elevated concentrations of nutrients. Havana Bay is strongly affected by sewage dumping, and it also receives suspended solids, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and pollutants from agriculture, industry and port activities. The leading sources of pollution in the bay have been identified as the Luyano River which contains organic material, nutrients, sewage, solid waste, the Regla oil refinery, fish hatcheries, and port activities. The high concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants is of concern as the harbor is an important fishing port.
caption: Panoramic view of the right side of the entrance canal to Havana Harbor. At the left, the Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro, and at the right, the Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña.
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