page_title: Proscenium
section_title: Renaissance
hierarchical_section_title: Proscenium / Renaissance
caption_attribution_description: English&#x3a;&#32; Teatro Olimpico. Theater located in Vicenza, designed in 1580 by the architect of the Renaissance Andrea Palladio. It is generally considered the first permanent covered theater of modern times. View of the hall and the bleachers.Français&#x202f;&#x3a;&#32; Teatro Olimpico. Théâtre situé à Vicence, dessiné en 1580 par l'architecte de la Renaissance Andrea Palladio. Il est généralement considéré comme le premier théâtre couvert permanent de l'époque moderne. vue de la salle et des gradins.Italiano&#x202f;&#x3a;&#32; Teatro Olimpico. Teatro situato a Vicenza, progettato nel 1580 dall'architetto del Rinascimento Andrea Palladio. È generalmente considerato il primo teatro permanente coperto dei tempi moderni. Vista della sala e gradinate. This is a photo of a monument which is part of cultural heritage of Italy. This monument participates in the contest Wiki Loves Monuments Italia 2017. See authorisations. (wiki-ID: 05L8400004) Teatro Olimpico &#160;&#160;Native nameTeatro OlimpicoParent institutionhistoric center of Vicenza&#160;LocationVicenza, ItalyCoordinates45°&#160;33′&#160;00″&#160;N, 11°&#160;32′&#160;57″&#160;E &#160;Established1585&#160;Web pageolimpicovicenza.it&#160;Authority control : Q902532 VIAF:&#8201;140459879 ISNI:&#8201;0000 0001 2292 5571 LCCN:&#8201;n85233105 GND:&#8201;4193177-4 NKC:&#8201;hka2016898563 WorldCat institution QS:P195,Q902532 Andrea Palladio &#160;(1508&#8211;1580)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Alternative names Giovan Battista Palladio; Andrea di Pietro dalla GondolaDescriptionItalian architectDate of birth/death between 8 November 1508 and 30 November 1508 date QS:P,+1508-11-00T00:00:00Z/10,P1319,+1508-11-08T00:00:00Z/11,P1326,+1508-11-30T00:00:00Z/11&#160; circa 19 August 1580&#160;Location of birth/death Padua VicenzaWork location Veneto; Vicenza; Venice; Udine&#160;Authority control : Q177692 VIAF:&#8201;17227673 ISNI:&#8201;0000 0001 2122 2209 ULAN:&#8201;500021650 LCCN:&#8201;n80038415 NLA:&#8201;35406748 WorldCat creator QS:P170,Q177692
context_page_description: A proscenium is the metaphorical vertical plane of space in a theatre, usually surrounded on the top and sides by a physical proscenium arch and on the bottom by the stage floor itself, which serves as the frame into which the audience observes from a more or less unified angle the events taking place upon the stage during a theatrical performance. The concept of the fourth wall of the theatre stage space that faces the audience is essentially the same.
  It can be considered as a social construct which divides the actors and their stage-world from the audience which has come to witness it. But since the curtain usually comes down just behind the proscenium arch, it has a physical reality when the curtain is down, hiding the stage from view. The same plane also includes the drop, in traditional theatres of modern times, from the stage level to the "stalls" level of the audience, which was the original meaning of the proscaenium in Roman theatres, where this mini-facade was given more architectural emphasis than is the case in modern theatres. A proscenium stage is structurally different from a thrust stage or an arena stage, as explained below.
context_section_description: The oldest surviving indoor theatre of the modern era, the Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza (1585), is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the first example of a proscenium theatre. The Teatro Olimpico was an academic reconstruction of a Roman theatre. It has a plain proscaenium at the front of the stage, dropping to the orchestra level, now usually containing "stalls" seating, but no proscenium arch.
  However, the Teatro Olimpico's exact replication of the open and accessible Roman stage was the exception rather than the rule in sixteenth-century theatre design. Engravings suggest that the proscenium arch was already in use as early as 1560 at a production in Siena.
  The earliest true proscenium arch to survive in a permanent theatre is the Teatro Farnese in Parma (1618), many earlier such theatres having been lost. Parma has a clearly defined "boccascena", or scene mouth, as Italians call it, more like a picture frame than an arch but serving the same purpose: to delineate the stage and separate the audience from its action.
caption: View of the seating area and part of the stage at the Teatro Olimpico (1585) in Vicenza, Italy. No proscenium arch divides the seating area from the "proscenium" (stage), and the space between the two has been made as open as possible, without endangering the structural integrity of the building.
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