page_title: Baking
section_title: Cultural and religious significance
hierarchical_section_title: Baking / Cultural and religious significance
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Печенье «Жаворонки» на праздник Сороки или Жаворонки. Родовое экопоселение «Кореньские родники» в Шебекинском районе. 24 марта 2012 г. English: Traditionally Eastern Slavic cookies zhavoronki (translated as larks) or soroki (translated as magpies). This cookies baked on the day of the march equinox, which in pagan times was celebrated as the beginning of spring. Bread birds given to children who run in the field to call the returning birds. In the Orthodox Christian tradition, the ceremony has been associated with the celebration of Holy Forty Day, and eastern slavic sorok (translated as forty) has been associated with soroka (translated as magpie), which is not a migratory bird. The photo was taken in the ecovillage of Korenskie Rodniki, Shebekinsky District Español: Zhavoronki, un pastel tradicional eslavo oriental, distrito de Shebekinsky, Óblast de Bélgorod, Rusia. Polski: Żaworonki (ros. жаворонки, pol. skowronki) – tradycyjny wypiek wschodniosłowiański. Fotografię wykonano w&#160;rejonie szebekińskim obwodu biełgorodzkigo, w&#160;Rosji. Čeština: Žavoronki - tradiční velikonoční pečivo Východních Slovanů, Bělgorodská oblast, Rusko. Magyar: Hagyományos keleti szláv sütemény, melyet a tavaszi nap-éj egyenlőség idején sütnek Македонски: Жаворонка (чучурлига) — источнословенско празнично колаче по повод Младенци. Сликано во Шебекинскиот реон, Белгородска област, Русија. Nederlands: Zhavoronki zijn koekjes van traditioneel Oost-Slavische oorsprong Português: Zhavoronki na forma de cotovia é um tradicional brioche eslavo oriental do distrito de Shebekinsky, região de Belgorod, Rússia.
context_page_description: Baking is a method of preparing food that uses dry heat, normally in an oven,
  but can also be done in hot ashes, or on hot stones. The most common baked item is bread but many other types of foods are baked. Heat is gradually transferred "from the surface of cakes, cookies, and breads to their center. As heat travels through, it transforms batters and doughs into baked goods and more with a firm dry crust and a softer centre". Baking can be combined with grilling to produce a hybrid barbecue variant by using both methods simultaneously, or one after the other. Baking is related to barbecuing because the concept of the masonry oven is similar to that of a smoke pit.
  Because of historical social and familial roles, baking has traditionally been performed at home by women for day-to-day meals and by men in bakeries and restaurants for local consumption. When production was industrialized, baking was automated by machines in large factories. The art of baking remains a fundamental skill and is important for nutrition, as baked goods, especially breads, are a common and important food, both from an economic and cultural point of view.
context_section_description: Baking, especially of bread, holds special significance for many cultures. It is such a fundamental part of everyday food consumption that the children's nursery rhyme Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man takes baking as its subject. Baked goods are normally served at all kinds of parties and special attention is given to their quality at formal events. They are also one of the main components of a tea party, including at nursery teas and high teas, a tradition which started in Victorian Britain, reportedly when Anna Russell, Duchess of Bedford "grew tired of the sinking feeling which afflicted her every afternoon round 4 o'clock ... In 1840, she plucked up courage and asked for a tray of tea, bread and butter, and cake to be brought to her room. Once she had formed the habit she found she could not break it, so spread it among her friends instead. As the century progressed, afternoon tea became increasingly elaborate."
  Benedictine Sisters of the Benedectine Monastery of Caltanissetta producing the crocette, they used to be prepared for the Holy Crucifix festivity. This was situated next to the Church of the Holy Cross, from which the sweets take the name.
  For Jews, matzo is a baked product of considerable religious and ritual significance. Baked matzah bread can be ground up and used in other dishes, such as gefilte fish, and baked again. For Christians, bread has to be baked to be used as an essential component of the sacrament of the Eucharist. In the Eastern Christian tradition, baked bread in the form of birds is given to children to carry to the fields in a spring ceremony that celebrates the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste.
caption: Bird baked from bread on the March equinox to celebrate spring and the forty martyrs
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