page_title: Simone de Beauvoir
section_title: Existentialist ethics
hierarchical_section_title: Simone de Beauvoir / Notable works / Existentialist ethics
caption_attribution_description: 中文（中国大陆）‎: 1955年10月1日，北京市民热烈庆祝中华人民共和国成立6周年。这是在天安门观礼台上的法国著名作家让·保罗·萨特（右）和西蒙·德·波伏娃。 English: Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre attended the ceremony of 6th Anniversary of Founding of Communist China in Beijing on 1 October 1955 in Tiananmen square.
context_page_description: Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand Beauvoir was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory.
  Beauvoir wrote novels, essays, biographies, autobiography and monographs on philosophy, politics, and social issues. She was known for her 1949 treatise The Second Sex, a detailed analysis of women's oppression and a foundational tract of contemporary feminism; and for her novels, including She Came to Stay and The Mandarins. She was also known for her open, lifelong relationship with French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.
context_section_description: In 1944 Beauvoir wrote her first philosophical essay, Pyrrhus et Cinéas, a discussion on existentialist ethics. She continued her exploration of existentialism through her second essay The Ethics of Ambiguity (1947); it is perhaps the most accessible entry into French existentialism. In the essay, Beauvoir clears up some inconsistencies that many, Sartre included, have found in major existentialist works such as Being and Nothingness. In The Ethics of Ambiguity, Beauvoir confronts the existentialist dilemma of absolute freedom vs. the constraints of circumstance.
caption: Simone Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre in Beijing, 1955
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