page_title: Pedra Branca State Park
section_title: Environment
hierarchical_section_title: Pedra Branca State Park / Environment
caption_attribution_description: Português: Entre o mar e os morros, pouco antes da saida do rio para o mar, a formação de um pequeno pantâno.
context_page_description: The Pedra Branca State Park is a state park in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  It is one of the largest urban nature parks in the world. It protects an area of Atlantic Forest in the west of the city of Rio de Janeiro that includes the highest point in the city, the Pico da Pedra Branca.
context_section_description: The city of Rio de Janeiro has a humid tropical climate, with maximum rainfall in December - March and least rainfall in June - August.
  Annual rainfall averages 1,500 to 2,500 millimetres (59 to 98 in), with most rain in the summer.
  Usually the winds blow from the mainland towards the sea in the morning, and from the southeast in the afternoon and evening.
  The Pedra Branca Massif affects the flow of air and moisture throughout the city.
  The north slopes are warmer and drier, while the slopes facing west, south and east are more temperate and humid.
  The park contains typical Atlantic Forest vegetation.
  Vegetation is in different stages of regeneration. 
  The dominant type is dense rainforest.
  934 species of flora in 118 botanical families have been cataloged, of which 429 have some level of endemism.
  The endemic bromeliad Neoregelia camorimiana is found in forests in an advanced stage of regeneration.
  These are mostly in the Camorim region and include species such as Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata), copaíba (Copaifera lucens), Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra), and red fig tree (Ficus americana).
  338 species of birds have been identified, of which 20 are threatened to some extent, such as the white-eared parakeet (Pyrrhura leucotis).
  There are 51 species of mammals of which 8 are threatened.
  The fruit bat morcego-fruteiro-claro is vulnerable to extinction in Brazil.
  Threatened species include collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla), channel-billed toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus), rusty-margined guan (Penelope superciliaris), brown-backed parrotlet (Touit melanonotus), boa constrictor (Boa constrictor) and striped worm lizard  (Ophiodes striatus).
  There are 43 species of fish of which 5 are endangered.
  The park is surrounded by large urban areas, and is under intense human pressure.
  As of 2013 there were 40 park rangers and the state's first environmental police unit.
  Fires are common in the driest part of year, from June to July, often caused by candle-powered paper hot air balloons released in festivals, but are quickly suppressed.
caption: Small swamp at Grumari
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