page_title: Typhoon Fran
section_title: Impact
hierarchical_section_title: Typhoon Fran / Impact
caption_attribution_description: 日本語: 降り続いた雨で決壊した長良川の堤防(昭和51年9月12日の9.12災害)
context_page_description: Typhoon Fran, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Reming, produced tremendous rainfall in Japan including, at the time, a national 24-hour record accumulation of 1,140 mm. Forming as a tropical depression on September 3 to the southeast of Guam, Fran steadily intensified as it moved along a general northwest track. After brushing Guam two days later, the system achieved typhoon status on September 6 after the formation of an eye. A period of explosive intensification ensued thereafter and Fran reached its peak as a Category 4-equivalent typhoon with winds of 240 km/h the following day. Gradual weakening began on September 8 as it neared the Ryukyu Islands, and the system subsequently meandered near the islands for two days before striking Kyushu on September 12. It then moved over the Sea of Japan where it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and ultimately dissipated on September 16.
  Regarded as the worst typhoon in ten years, nearly a week of continuous rains caused disastrous flooding and landslides across Japan. Accumulations peaks at 2,781 mm in Hiso, Tokushima. More than 325,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes and transportation was crippled.
context_section_description: On September 5, Tropical Storm Fran brushed the Mariana Islands, passing 35 km (25 mi) to the west of Guam. Damage, if any, is unknown, though sustained winds of 56 km/h (35 mph) and gusts of 76 km/h (47 mph) were observed on Guam.
  Prior to the arrival of Fran in the Ryukyu Islands, the United States Air Force relocated 30 aircraft from their base in Okinawa to bases in South Korea. Officials stressed the nature of the evacuation as the movement of aircraft coincided with the end of a heightened alert period along the Korean Demilitarized Zone following the death of two U.S. Army officers.
  The typhoon's slow movement led to tremendous rainfall accumulations across parts of southeastern Japan, with some areas seeing continuous rain for six days. Multiple stations recorded over 1,000 mm (39 in) of rain, primarily across Shikoku, with a peak of 2,781 mm (109.5 in) in Hiso, Tokushima. Of this, 1,140 mm (44.8 in) fell in a 24-hour span between September 11–12, the highest such total on record in Japan. However, sources differ on this total with some indicating the peak 24-hour total being 1,174 mm (46.2 in) in Fukuharaasahi, or 1,114 mm (43.9 in), which was observed in Kito. Regardless of which total was valid, it remained the national record until August 2004 when Typhoon Namtheun produced a 24-hour total of 1,317 mm (51.9 in) in Kisawa. Significant totals across other prefectures include 1,392 mm (54.8 in) in Motoyama, Kōchi, 1,328 mm (52.3 in) in Uchinomi, Kagawa, 1,188 mm (46.8 in) on Mount Dainichi, and 1,184 mm (46.6 in) on Mount Ōdaigahara.
  Thousands of landslides caused considerable damage and killed at least 70 people. More than 325,000 people evacuated across the nation. An embankment along the Nagara River near Anpachi, Gifu, collapsed on September 12 and forced thousands of residents from their homes. Many required evacuation by boat or helicopter. A total of 11,193 homes were destroyed a further 442,317 sustained damage. Floods also affected 80,304 hectares (198,440 acres) of crops. Tremendous damage to infrastructure paralyzed transportation in many areas, and travel across the entire nation was disrupted for at least three days. Hundreds of bridges were damaged or washed away.
  Passing 110 km (70 mi) east of Okinawa, Fran produced sustained winds of 102 km/h (63 mph) with gusts to 135 km/h (84 mph) at Kadena Air Base. Throughout Japan, 169 people died and 435 others were injured. Property damage exceeded US$660 million, and more than 300,000 people were rendered homeless. Fran was regarded as the worst storm to strike Japan in 10 years when Typhoon Ida claimed more than 300 lives.
  Offshore, the storms destructive winds and waves split the 52,157 ton oil tanker Ryoyo Maru in two over the Bungo Channel, anchored near Beppu; all 62 crewmen were rescued safely. Another ship, the 2,556 ton Panamanian freighter JCIS, ran aground in Minamata Bay. In Pohang, South Korea, the 23,089 ton British bulk carrier Eastern Freedom broke all its stern-side moorings, resulting in its propeller and rudder being damaged; a nearby Korean naval ship was also damaged. While over the Sea of Japan, Fran's extratropical remnants caused havoc among the Soviet fishing fleet. In all, 138 vessels sank or were damaged by the storm.
  About 5,300 members of the Japan Self-Defense Forces were mobilized for relief efforts across the nation by September 13. A rescue helicopter crashed over Mikawa Bay during a mission, resulting in three injuries. Many people were forced to wait on their roof overnight for rescue as floodwaters swept through towns.
caption: A massive levee collapsed in Nagara River
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