page_title: Neanderthal
section_title: Music
hierarchical_section_title: Neanderthal / Culture / Art / Music
caption_attribution_description: Ce morceau de fémur d'un ours trouvé en 1995 dans la grotte de Divje Babe (Alpes) est percé de deux trous, ce qui a été interprété par les archéologues comme la partie d'une flûte fabriquée par un homme de Néandertal La couche archéologique, dans laquelle a été découvert cet os percé, date de 55.000 ans (fin du paléolithique moyen, ) comme l'ont affirmé les archéologues slovènes à partir de mesures radiométriques. Cet "flûte" serait donc à l'heure actuelle le plus vieil instrument de musique du monde. Les trésors du musée national de Slovénie www.nms.si/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;... "En 1995, Ivan Turk découvre un fémur percé appartenant à un jeune ours des cavernes, daté de 43 100 ± 700 ans BP9. À cause de sa ressemblance avec une flûte, il lui donne le nom de «&#160;flûte néandertalienne&#160;». Le fait que ce soit réellement une flûte fabriquée par l'homme de Néandertal fait l'objet de discussions scientifiques." Extrait de l'article de Wikipedia sur la flûte fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%BBte_de_Divje_Babe
context_page_description: Neanderthals are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. They probably went extinct due to competition with or extermination by immigrating European early modern humans or due to great climatic change, disease, or a combination of these factors.
  It is unclear when Neanderthals split from modern humans; studies have produced various intervals ranging from 315,000 to more than 800,000 years ago. The time of divergence of Neanderthals from their ancestor H. heidelbergensis is also unclear. The oldest potential Neanderthal bones are dated to 430,000 years ago, but the classification is uncertain. Neanderthals are known from numerous fossils, especially from after 130,000 years ago. The type specimen, Neanderthal 1, was found in 1856 in the German Neander Valley. After much debate over their validity, Neanderthals were depicted as being primitive, stupid, and brutish for much of the early 20th century. Though knowledge and perception of them has markedly changed since then in the scientific community, the image of the unevolved caveman archetype remains prevalent in popular culture.
context_section_description: Purported Neanderthal bone flute fragments made of bear long bones were reported from Potočka zijalka, Slovenia, in the 1920s, and Istállós-kői-barlang, Hungary, and Mokriška jama, Slovenia, in 1985; but these are now attributed to modern human activities. The 1995 43 thousand year old Divje Babe Flute from Slovenia has been attributed by some researchers to Neanderthals, and Canadian musicologist Robert Fink said the original flute had either a diatonic or pentatonic musical scale. However, the date also overlaps with modern human immigration into Europe, which means it is also possible it was not manufactured by Neanderthals. It has also been argued that it was not a flute at all, and the holes were made by a scavenging hyaena as there is a lack of cut marks stemming from whittling, but it has also been argued that it is highly unlikely the punctures were made by teeth, and cut marks are not always present on bone flutes.
caption: The Divje Babe Flute in the National Museum of Slovenia
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