page_title: Pannonia
section_title: Post-Roman
hierarchical_section_title: Pannonia / History / Post-Roman
caption_attribution_description: English: Gerulata (Bratislava - Rusovce / Oroszvár / Karlburg). Ruins of Roman military camp. Français&#160;: Ruines d'un camp militaire romain dans le quartier de Rusovce, à Brastislava (Slovaquie). Polski: Ruiny rzymskiego obozu wojskowego Gerulata w Rusovcach (Oroszvár, Karlburg), dzielnicy Bratysławy
context_page_description: Pannonia was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory of present-day western Hungary, eastern Austria, northern Croatia, north-western Serbia, northern Slovenia and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina.
context_section_description: During the Migrations Period in the 5th century, some parts of Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433 by Flavius Aetius, the magister militum of the Western Roman Empire. After the collapse of the Hunnic empire in 454, large numbers of Ostrogoths were settled by Marcian  in the province as foederati. The Eastern Roman Empire controlled it for a time in the 6th century, and a Byzantine province of Pannonia with its capital at Sirmium was temporarily restored, but it included only a small southeastern part of historical Pannonia.
  Afterwards, it was again invaded by the Avars in the 560s, the Slavs, who first settled c. 480s but became independent only from the 7th century, and the Franks, who named a frontier march the March of Pannonia in the late 8th century. The term Pannonia was also used for a Slavic duchy that was vassal to the Franks.
  Between the 5th and the 10th centuries, the romanized population of Pannonia developed the Romance Pannonian language, mainly around Lake Balaton in present-day western Hungary, where there was the keszthely culture. This language and the related culture became extinct with the arrival of the Magyars.
caption: Gerulata- a Roman military camp located near today's Rusovce, Slovakia.
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