page_title: Lacewing
section_title: References
hierarchical_section_title: Lacewing / References
caption_attribution_description: English: Green lacewing (Chrysopa sp.)
context_page_description: Lacewings, or 'Green lacewings', are insects in the large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. There are about 85 genera and 1,300–2,000 species in this widespread group. However, in America and Europe, the two genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are very common.
  Most species of lacewings and their larvae are active predators, and are often used for biological control.
  Many adults of Chrysopa can defend themselves by giving out a vile smell from glands at the front of their thorax.
  They have 'ears' at the base of their front wings. When they hear bat echolocation sounds, they close their wings and drop down. They can escape spider webs, because, being so light, they do not create much vibration to alert the spider. Instead of struggling like most insects, the lacewing bites through the strands holding its legs and antennae. When it is stuck only by its wings, it become completely immobile. Slowly, the lacewing slides downwards out of the web. Tiny hairs on the wings prevent the sticky spider silk from touching the wings' surface.
  The larvae are voracious, attacking other insects of suitable size, especially soft-bodied ones.
context_section_description: Engel, Michael S. & Grimaldi, David A. 2007. The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). American Museum Novitates 3587: 1–58. PDF fulltext
  New T.R. 2002. Prospects for extending the use of Australian lacewings in biological control. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48(Supplement 2): 209–216. PDF fulltext
  Eisner, Thomas & Maria and Siegler, Melody 2005. Secret weapons: defenses of insects, spiders, scorpions, and other many-legged creatures. Harvard University, Belknap Press.
  Appendages either side of the mouth.
caption: Chrysopa, the green lacewing
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