page_title: Verticillium wilt
section_title: Hosts and symptoms
hierarchical_section_title: Verticillium wilt / Hosts and symptoms
caption_attribution_description: English: Symptoms of Verticillium Wilt (V. albo atrum) on the crown of an infected tree.
context_page_description: Verticillium wilt is a wilt disease affecting over 350 species of eudicot plants. It is caused by six species of Verticillium fungi: V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum, V. longisporum, V. nubilum, V. theobromae and V. tricorpus. Many economically important plants are susceptible including cotton, tomatoes, potatoes, oilseed rape, eggplants, peppers and ornamentals, as well as others in natural vegetation communities. Many eudicot species and cultivars are resistant to the disease and all monocots, gymnosperms and ferns are immune.
  Signs are superficially similar to Fusarium wilts. There are no fungicides characterized for the control of this disease but soil fumigation with chloropicrin has been proven successful in dramatically reducing Verticillium wilt in diverse crops such as vegetables using plasticulture production methods, and in potato production in North America. Additional strategies to manage the disease include crop rotation, the use of resistant varieties and deep plowing.
context_section_description: Verticillium spp. attack a very large host range including more than 350 species of vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, field crops, and shade or forest trees.  Most vegetable species have some susceptibility, so it has a very wide host range.  A list of known hosts is at the bottom of this page.
  The signs are similar to most wilts with a few specifics to Verticillium.  Wilt itself is the most common sign, with wilting of the stem and leaves occurring due to the blockage of the xylem vascular tissues and therefore reduced water and nutrient flow.  In small plants and seedlings, Verticillium can quickly kill the plant while in larger, more developed plants the severity can vary.  Some times only one side of the plant will appear infected because once in the vascular tissues, the disease migrates mostly upward and not as much radially in the stem.  Other symptoms include stunting, chlorosis or yellowing of the leaves, necrosis or tissue death, and defoliation.  Internal vascular tissue discoloration might be visible when the stem is cut.
  In Verticillium, the signs and effects will often only be on the lower or outer parts of plants or will be localized to only a few branches of a tree.  In older plants, the infection can cause death, but often, especially with trees, the plant will be able to recover, or at least continue living with the infection.  The severity of the infection plays a large role in how severe the signs are and how quickly they develop.
caption: Verticillium albo-atrum infected tree crown, USDA Forest Service Archive, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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