page_title: Scientist
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Scientist / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Bust of Aristotle. Marble, Roman copy after a Greek bronze original by Lysippos from 330 BC; the alabaster mantle is a modern addition. বাংলা: এরিস্টটলের আবক্ষ মূর্তি, লিসিপস কর্তৃক ৩৩০ খ্রিস্টপূর্বাব্দে নির্মিত গ্রিক ব্রোঞ্জ ভাষ্কের্যর মার্বেল সংস্করণ। Español: Busto de Aristóteles, que se halla en el Palacio Altemps, Roma. en mármol, copia romana de un original griego de Lisipo ( ca. 330 aC ); el manto de alabastro es una adición moderna. De la colección Ludovisi. Français&#160;: Buste d'Aristote. Marbre, copie romaine d'un original grec en bronze de Lysippse (vers 330 av. J.-C.). Ancienne collection Ludovisi.Deutsch: Büste von Aristoteles. Marmor. Römische Kopie nach dem griechischen Bronze-Original von Lysippos, um 330 vor Chr. Der Alabaster-Mantel ist eine Ergänzung in der Moderne. Italiano: Ritratto di Aristotele, conservato a Palazzo Altaemps, Roma. Marmo, copia romana di un originale greco di Lisippo (330 a.C. ca.); il mantello in alabastro è un'aggiunta moderna. Dalla collezione Ludovisi. Português: Busto de Aristóteles. Mámore, cópia romana de um original grego em bronze por Lísipo cerca 330 AEC; o manto em alabastro é uma adição moderna.
context_page_description: A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest.
  In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term scientist came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833.
  In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an area of science and pursue careers in various sectors of the economy such as academia, industry, government, and nonprofit environments.
context_section_description: The roles of "scientists", and their predecessors before the emergence of modern scientific disciplines, have evolved considerably over time.  Scientists of different eras (and before them, natural philosophers, mathematicians, natural historians, natural theologians, engineers, and others who contributed to the development of science) have had widely different places in society, and the social norms, ethical values, and epistemic virtues associated with scientists—and expected of them—have changed over time as well. Accordingly, many different historical figures can be identified as early scientists, depending on which characteristics of modern science are taken to be essential.
  Some historians point to the Scientific Revolution that began in 16th century as the period when science in a recognizably modern form developed. It wasn't until the 19th century that sufficient socioeconomic changes occurred for scientists to emerge as a major profession.
caption: "No one in the history of civilization has shaped our understanding of science and natural philosophy more than the great Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle (384-322 BC), who exerted a profound and pervasive influence for more than two thousand years" —Gary B. Ferngren[10]
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