page_title: Toledo, Ohio
section_title: 19th century
hierarchical_section_title: Toledo, Ohio / History / 19th century
caption_attribution_description: English: Identifier: HistoricalCollectionsOfOhio1891V2 (find matches) Title: Historical Collections of Ohio: An Encyclopedia of the State&#160;; History Both General and Local, Geography with Descriptions of Its Counties, Cities and Villages, Its Agricultural, Manufacturing, Mining and Business Development, Sketches of Eminent and Interesting Characters, Etc., with Notes of a Tour over It in 1886 V 2 Year: 1891 (1890s) Authors: Howe, Henry, 1816-1893 Subjects: Ohio -- Biography Ohio -- History Ohio -- Local History Ohio -- Description and travel Publisher: Columbus&#160;: Henry Howe &amp; Son View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: Rapids about 1790. OtherFrench settlers came, including LaPoint, Momenee and Peltier. JamesCarlin, a blacksmith, and his son, SquireCarlin (now of Hancock county), camefrom Monroe about 1807. At thattime six American families were there.David Hull, a nephew of a scout ofGeneral Harrison, General Isaac Hull,resided at Maumee. Near the mouthof the Maumee river, and oppositeManhattan, a small French settlementwas established about 1807. It wasnear to a village of Ottawa Indians,which is said to have existed from thetime of the Pontiac conspiracy (1763),and the Avidow of Pontiac, with herson (Kan-tuck-ee-gun), and his son(Otussa), were yet there. Mesh-kee-ma, a cousin of Otussa, was a chief ofthe west side of the river, where hewas prominent as an orator. A-bee-wa,a young chief, was poisoned, and diedwhile young. At this time there werein this region about 8,000 Ottawas, living chiefly by fishing and hunting. Ofthese, the remnant, made up largely of vagabonds, were removed to the West in Text Appearing After Image: PETER NAVARRE. No name is more prominent among theearly settlers of the Maumee valley than isthat of Peter Navarre. He was said tohe a grandson of a French army officer, whovisited this section in 1745. Peter was bornat Detroit in 1785, where his father beforehim was born. In 1807, with his brotherRobert, he erected a cabin near the mouthof the Maumee (east side), which continuedto be his residence while he lived. Besides Canadian French he could speak the Potta-watomie Indian dialect, and partially thoseof other tribes. In woodcraft and Indianmethods he was very skilful, while his bear-ing was ever that of a born gentleman.For several years he was employed by a De-troit house in buying furs of the Miamis nearFort Wayne, Indiana, where he made theacquaintance and friendship of chief LittleTurtle. The war of 1832-15 closed the fur 4io LUCAS COUNTY. trade, when Peter and his three brothers—Robert, Alexis and Jaquot (James)—tenderedtheir services to General Hull. He also be-sought Ge Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
context_page_description: Toledo is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County, Ohio, United States. A major Midwestern United States port city, Toledo is the fourth-most-populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio, after Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati, and according to the 2010 census, the 71st-largest city in the United States. With a population of 274,975, it serves as a major trade center for the North Central United States; its port is the fifth busiest in the Great Lakes and 54th biggest in the United States. The city was founded in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River, and originally incorporated as part of Monroe County, Michigan Territory. It was re-founded in 1837, after the conclusion of the Toledo War, when it was incorporated in Ohio.
  After the 1845 completion of the Miami and Erie Canal, Toledo grew quickly; it also benefited from its position on the railway line between New York City and Chicago. The first of many glass manufacturers arrived in the 1880s, eventually earning Toledo its nickname: "The Glass City." It has since become a city with a distinctive and growing art community, auto assembly businesses, education, thriving healthcare, and well-supported local sports teams.
context_section_description: According to Charles E. Slocum, the American military built Fort Industry at the mouth of Swan Creek about 1805, as a temporary stockade. No official reports support the 19th-century tradition of its earlier history there.
  The United States continued to work to extinguish land claims of Native Americans. In the Treaty of Detroit (1807), the above four tribes ceded a large land area to the United States of what became southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio, to the mouth of the Maumee River (where Toledo later developed). Reserves for the Odawa were set aside in northwestern Ohio for a limited period of time. The Native Americans signed the treaty at Detroit, Michigan, on November 17, 1807, with William Hull, governor of the Michigan Territory and superintendent of Indian affairs, as the sole representative of the U.S.
  More European-American settlers entered the area over the next few years, but many fled during the War of 1812, when British forces raided the area with their Indian allies. Resettlement began around 1818 after a Cincinnati syndicate purchased a 974-acre (3.9 km²) tract at the mouth of Swan Creek and named it Port Lawrence, developing it as the modern downtown area of Toledo. Immediately to the north of that, another syndicate founded the town of Vistula, the historic north end. These two towns bordered each other across Cherry Street. This is why present-day streets on the street's northeast side run at a slightly different angle from those southwest of it.
  In 1824, the Ohio state legislature authorized the construction of the Miami and Erie Canal and in 1833, its Wabash and Erie Canal extension. The canal's purpose was to connect the city of Cincinnati to Lake Erie for water transportation to eastern markets, including to New York City via the Erie Canal and Hudson River. At that time no highways had been built in the state, and it was very difficult for goods produced locally to reach the larger markets east of the Appalachian Mountains. During the canal's planning phase, many small towns along the northern shores of Maumee River heavily competed to be the ending terminus of the canal, knowing it would give them a profitable status. The towns of Port Lawrence and Vistula merged in 1833 to better compete against the upriver towns of Waterville and Maumee.
  The inhabitants of this joined settlement chose the name Toledo: 
  "but the reason for this choice is buried in a welter of legends. One recounts that Washington Irving, who was traveling in Spain at the time, suggested the name to his brother, a local resident; this explanation ignores the fact that Irving returned to the United States in 1832. Others award the honor to Two Stickney, son of the major who quaintly numbered his sons and named his daughters after States. The most popular version attributes the naming to Willard J. Daniels, a merchant, who reportedly suggested Toledo because it 'is easy to pronounce, is pleasant in sound, and there is no other city of that name on the American continent.'"
  Despite Toledo's efforts, the canal built the final terminus in Manhattan, one-half mile (800 m) to the north of Toledo, because it was closer to Lake Erie. As a compromise, the state placed two sidecuts before the terminus, one in Toledo at Swan Creek and another in Maumee, about 10 miles to the southwest.
  Among the numerous treaties made between the Ottawa and the United States were two signed in this area: at Miami (Maumee) Bay in 1831 and Maumee, Ohio, upriver of Toledo, in 1833. These actions were among US purchases or exchanges of land in order to accomplish Indian Removal of the Ottawa from areas wanted for European-American settlement. The last of the Odawa did not leave this area until 1839, when Ottokee, grandson of Pontiac, led his band from their village at the mouth of the Maumee River to Indian Territory in Kansas.
  An almost bloodless conflict between Ohio and the Michigan Territory, called the Toledo War (1835–1836), was "fought" over a narrow strip of land from the Indiana border to Lake Erie, now containing the city and the suburbs of 
caption: Peter Navarre, frontiersman, hero of the Battle of Lake Erie
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