page_title: Ferrari
section_title: Road cars
hierarchical_section_title: Ferrari / Road cars
caption_attribution_description: 2011 Desert Classic, La Quinta, CA
context_page_description: Ferrari is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1939 out of Alfa Romeo's race division as Auto Avio Costruzioni, the company built its first car in 1940. However, the company's inception as an auto manufacturer is usually recognized in 1947, when the first Ferrari-badged car was completed.
  Fiat S.p.A. acquired 50% of Ferrari in 1969 and expanded its stake to 90% in 1988. In October 2014 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. announced its intentions to separate Ferrari S.p.A. from FCA; as of the announcement FCA owned 90% of Ferrari.
  The separation began in October 2015 with a restructuring that established Ferrari N.V. as the new holding company of the Ferrari group and the subsequent sale by FCA of 10% of the shares in an IPO and concurrent listing of common shares on the New York Stock Exchange. Through the remaining steps of the separation, FCA's interest in Ferrari's business was distributed to shareholders of FCA, with 10% continuing to be owned by Piero Ferrari. The spin-off was completed on 3 January 2016.
context_section_description: The first vehicle made with the Ferrari name was the 125 S.  This was primarily a sports/racing model. In 1949, the 166 Inter was introduced marking the company's significant move into the grand touring road car market.  The first 166 Inter was a four seat (2+2) berlinetta  coupe with body work designed by Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera. Road cars quickly became the bulk of Ferrari sales.
  The early Ferrari cars typically featured bodywork designed and customised by independent coachbuilders such as Pininfarina, Scaglietti, Zagato, Vignale and Bertone.  Starting in the early 2010s with the LaFerrari, the focus was shifted to what is now the standard, Ferrari relying on in-house design from the Centro Stile Ferrari.
  The original road cars were typically two-seat front-engined V12s.  This platform served Ferrari very well through the 1950s and 1960s.  In 1968 the Dino was introduced as the first two-seat rear mid-engined Ferrari.  The Dino was produced primarily with a V6 engine, however, a V8 model was also developed. This rear mid-engine layout would go on to be used in many Ferraris of the 1980s, 1990s and to the present day.  Current road cars typically use V8 or V12 engines, with V8 models making up well over half of the marque's total production.  Historically, Ferrari has also produced flat 12 engines.
  For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.
  The company has also produced several front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current V12 model Lusso and V8 models Roma, Portofino and Lusso T.  The California is credited with initiating the popular current model line of V8 front-engined 2+2 grand touring performance sports cars.
  Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973.  The later Testarossa (also mid-engined 12 cylinders) remains one of the most popular and famous Ferrari road cars of all time.
caption: 166 Inter Touring Berlinetta
exif: {"Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS 40D", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "PhotoScape", "Image DateTime": "2011:03:02 20:49:22", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image ExifOffset": "190", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/60", "EXIF FNumber": "11", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "200", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2011:02:27 09:30:15", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2011:02:27 09:30:15", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "6", "EXIF ApertureValue": "7", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "28", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1680", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "1025", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "Interoperability RelatedImageWidth": "3888", "Interoperability RelatedImageLength": "2592", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "866", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "324000/73", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "2592000/583", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard"}