page_title: Lauburu
section_title: Background
hierarchical_section_title: Lauburu / Background
context_page_description: The lauburu or Basque cross is a traditional Basque hooked cross with four comma-shaped heads. Today, it is a symbol of the Basque Country and the unity of the Basque people. It is also associated with Celtic peoples, most notably Galicians and Asturians. It can be constructed with a compass and straightedge, beginning with the formation of a square template; each head can be drawn from a neighboring vertex of this template with two compass settings, with one radius half the length of the other.
context_section_description: Historians and authorities have attempted to apply allegorical meaning to the ancient symbol. Augustin Chaho said it signifies the "four heads or regions" of the Basque Country. The lauburu does not appear in any of the seven coats-of-arms that have been combined in the arms of the Basque Country: Higher and Lower Navarre, Gipuzkoa, Biscay, Álava, Labourd, and Soule. The Basque intellectual Imanol Muxika liked to say that the heads signify form, life, sensibility and conscience, but it is generally used as a symbol of prosperity.
  After the time of the Antonines, Camille Jullian finds no specimen of hooked crosses, round nor straight, in the Basque area until modern times.
  Paracelsus's Archidoxis Magicae features a symbol similar to the lauburu that is to be drawn to heal animals.
  Louis Colas considers that the lauburu is not related to the swastika but comes from Paracelsus and marks the tombs of healers of animals and healers of souls (i.e. priests).
  Around the end of the 16th century, the lauburu appears abundantly as a Basque decorative element, in wooden chests or tombs, perhaps as another form of the cross.
  Straight swastikas are not found until the 19th century.
  Many Basque homes and shops display the symbol over the doorway as a sort of talisman. 
  Sabino Arana interpreted it as a solar symbol, supporting his theory of a Basque solar cult based on wrong etymologies, in the first number of Euzkadi.
  The lauburu has been featured on flags and emblems of various Basque political organisations including Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (EAE-ANV). 
  The use of the lauburu as a cultural icon fell into some disuse under the Francoist dictatorship, which repressed many elements of Basque culture.
caption: EAE-ANV logo