page_title: History of Protestantism
section_title: Bohemia
hierarchical_section_title: History of Protestantism / Protestant Reformation / Bohemia
caption_attribution_description: English: Man of Sorrows from the main Prague Utraquist Church of Our Lady before Teyn. It is one of the crucial artistic works of the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century. Christ in agony with the crown of thorns touches the wound in his left flank, from which he takes a host (the Lord's body) while the blood from his wounds flows into a chalice. It emphasizes the Eucharistic significance of Christ's redeeming sacrifice. The chalice - symbol of the Hussites - clearly demonstrates the practice of the Bohemian Reformation to receive the Holy Communion under both kinds (not only bread but also wine). Čeština: Eucharistický Bolestný Kristus jako oběť pod obojí způsobou. Jedna z nejvýznamnějších památek umění české reformace 15. století. Kristus se naléhavým pohledem dívá směrem k divákovi. V levé ruce drží kalich - symbol české reformace -, do nějž zachycuje svou krev ("dals krev z těla vycediti, dáváš k užitku ji píti, chtě nás tudy obživiti" - úryvek z husitské písně Jezu Kriste, štědrý kněže spojující stejně jako tento obraz Kristovu oběť s eucharistií pod obojí). Pravou rukou vytahuje z rány v boku hostii. Krista v pozadí podpírají andělé, odění do kněžských rouch, rukama ovinutýma v plátně, podobně jako když kněz drží monstranci s hostií. Obraz byl zhotoven asi kolem roku 1470 pro Týnský chrám v Praze.
context_page_description: Protestantism originated from the Protestation at Speyer in 1529, where the nobility protested against enforcement of the Edict of Worms which subjected advocates of Lutheranism to forfeiture of all of their property. However, the theological underpinnings go back much further, as Protestant theologians of the time cited both Church Fathers and the Apostles to justify their choices and formulations. The earliest origin of Protestantism is controversial; with some Protestants today claiming origin back to groups in the early church deemed heretical such as the Montanists.
  Since the 16th century, major factors affecting Protestantism have been the Catholic Counter-Reformation which opposed it successfully especially in France, Spain and Italy. Then came an era of confessionalization followed by Rationalism, Pietism, and the Great Awakenings. Major movements today include Evangelicalism, mainline denominations, and Pentecostalism.
context_section_description: The Hussites were a Christian movement in the Kingdom of Bohemia following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus.
  Czech reformer and university professor Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415) became the best-known representative of the Bohemian Reformation and one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation. Jan Hus was declared heretic and executed – burned at stake – at the Council of Constance in 1415 where he arrived voluntarily to defend his teachings.
  Hussites were a predominantly religious movement was propelled by social issues and strengthened Czech national awareness. In 1417, two years after the execution of Jan Hus, the Czech reformation quickly became the chief force in the country.
  Hussites made up the vast majority of the population,  forcing the Council of Basel to recognize in 1437 a system of two "religions" for the first time signing the Compacts of Basel for the kingdom (Catholic and Czech Ultraquism, a Hussite  movement). Bohemia later also elected one Protestant king (George of Poděbrady).
  After Habsburgs took control of the region, the Hussite churches were prohibited and the kingdom partially recatholicized. Even later Lutheranism gained a substantial following, after being permitted by the Habsburgs with the continued persecution of the Czech native Hussite churches. Many Hussites thus declared themselves Lutherans.
  Two churches with Hussite roots are now second and third biggest churches in the predominantly agnostic country: Czech Brethren (which gave origin to the international church known as the Moravian Church) and Czechoslovak Hussite Church.
caption: Man of Sorrows from the main Utraquist Church of Our Lady before Týn in Prague. It is a crucial artistic work of the Bohemian Reformation of the late 15th century. Christ touches the wound in his right flank, from which he takes a host (his body) while his blood flows into a chalice. The chalice – symbol of the Hussites – clearly demonstrates the practice of receiving the communion under both kinds.
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