page_title: Pusô
section_title: Variations
hierarchical_section_title: Pusô / Variations
caption_attribution_description: English: Patupat (a rice delicacy) These days, when Filipinos hear the word patupat they think of the Ilocano rice delicacy that is wrapped in palm leaves, sometimes banana leaves. The resulting shape is sort of like a large cube. The patupat container is prepared by weaving the leaves to produce a basket with one end open so that you can half-fill it with uncooked malagkit (glutinous or sticky) rice. The basket is then secured close with a knot. Sometimes, the leaves are woven in such a way that a strip of leaf is left hanging out. That strip of leaf is what you hold as you place the patupat in the cooking pot and later hang it up in bunches. [1]
context_page_description: Pusô or tamu, sometimes known in Philippine English as "hanging rice", is a Filipino rice cake made by boiling rice in a woven pouch of palm leaves. It is most commonly found in octahedral, diamond, or rectangular shapes, but it can also come in various other intricately woven complex forms. It is known under many different names throughout the Philippines with numerous variations, but it is usually associated with the street food cultures of the Visayan and Moro peoples.
  Pusô refers to the way of cooking and serving rice on woven leaves, and thus does not refer to a specific recipe. It can actually refer to many different ways of preparing rice, ranging from plain, to savory or sweet. Regardless, all of them are woven pouches where rice is poured inside and cooked by boiling. Pusô are differentiated from other leaf-wrapped Filipino dishes like suman, binalot, and pastil, in that the latter use leaves that are simply wrapped around the food and folded or tied. Pusô, in contrast, uses intricate woven leaves as the pouch.
context_section_description: Pusô can be made in many different shapes using a wide variety of techniques. Some ethnic groups have numerous traditional variants, while in other ethnic groups, it is restricted to one or two. A lot of the techniques are also shared across ethnic groups and may be known under different names, indicating shared origins or cultural exchange between the groups in pre-colonial Philippines.
  Binaki – also bakibaki, meaning "frog-like". This widespread version resembles a sitting frog with five angular points. It is made from a single strand with the loose end emerging opposite the frond base. It is also known as kongkang among the Palawan people, also a reference to its frog-like shape. It is known as uwan-uwan ("little pillow") among the Sama Bajau people and as piyusopusú (a type of bird) among the Mangyan people. Other names for it in Cebuano-speaking areas include binaba ("mouthful"), and sinayop (evolving from Old Visayan sinaop, meaning "clasped hands"). It is also referred to as bayi tam-o ("female tam-o") among the Aklanon people, probably because it resembles breasts. It is also the version historically referred to as lambay, langbay, linambay, or linangbay, literally "crab-like".
  Binangkito – also binangkaso, a complex version from Anda, Bohol that resembles an upside-down bangko (a stool with four legs), usually used as a ritual offering on lantayan altars.
  Binosa – the smallest type of pusô. It is woven from a single strand and is shaped like a wineglass. It is unique in that it is almost always used as an offering to diwata spirits. They are from the town of Taptap in Cebu. A similar variant is called inumol in Anda, Bohol and like binosa is also used as spirit offerings.
  Binungi – literally "extracted tooth". Another small version from Talamban, Cebu, although this one is made for fun, rather than as a ritual offering. It resembles a molar, with a wide top and a base with short protrusions.
  Bulasa – very small pusô from Negros Oriental that contain more or less only a handful of rice. They often contain kakanin and are served during feasts and weddings. It is also known as tamu lugus ("areca nut tamu") among the Yakan people and kimes a datu ("[rice clenched] in the hand of the "datu") among the Maranao people.
  Hellu – a somewhat diagonal elongated version from the Tausug people. It is very rare and isn't anymore used to cook rice. It may be the same pattern named as bayubayo by Spanish sources.
  Kambing – literally "goat-like". A Yakan version similar to the Cebuano minanok, but it has additional details that make it resemble a goat instead of a chicken.
  Kinasing – literally meaning "heart-like". This version is shaped like an elongated octahedron. It is woven from two strands with the loose ends emerging from the top where the base of the fronds also emege. It is the most common version found in Cebuano-speaking regions, including Cebu, Camiguin, Northern Mindanao, and Sarangani
  Kumo – a two-strand version from Samar woven to resemble a clenched fist. Like the binosa, they are often used solely as offerings.
  Manan-aw – a rare version found in Cebu. "Manan-aw" is the local Cebuano common name of the moon orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis). This variant is named after its resemblance to its flowers. It is very large, even larger than pinawikan, and is made with eight strips.
  Minanok – literally "chicken-like". A version from Taptap, Cebu that is shaped like a chicken. It is used as a ritual offering. Also known as langgam ("bird").
  Pat bettes – literally "cow hooves". A triangular pyramid-shaped version, very common among the Tausug people. It has four corners at the base, and three corners on each side meeting to a point.
  Patupat – a version from Northern Luzon shaped like a flat rectangle. It is unique in that it is always cooked a dessert, never plain or savory. It is boiled in coconut milk and muscovado sugar or even molasses. It is also known as tikob among Tagalogs. Both names refer to its rectangular shape.
  Pinagbutasan – probably the same version used in the pagbutas funerary ritual described by Spanish sour
caption: Ilocano patupat, a typically rectangular-shaped sweet variant made with glutinous rice boiled in a mixture of coconut milk and muscovado sugar
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