page_title: Actinopterygii
section_title: Classification
hierarchical_section_title: Actinopterygii / Classification
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch&#x3a;&#32; Seeteufel, komplettes Skelett. Fundort&#160;: Nord-AtlantikEnglish&#x3a;&#32; The angler, complete skeleton. Locality North Atlantic Ocean.Français&#x202f;&#x3a;&#32; Baudroie commune, squelette complet. Localité&#160;: Atlantique NordSunda&#x3a;&#32; Lophius piscatorius, rorongkong lengkep. Hirup di Samudra Atlantik Kalér.
context_page_description: Actinopterygii, members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class or subclass of the bony fishes.
  The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines, as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii. These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton.
  Numerically, actinopterygians are the dominant class of vertebrates, comprising nearly 99% of the over 30,000 species of fish. They are ubiquitous throughout freshwater and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from Paedocypris, at 8 mm, to the massive ocean sunfish, at 2,300 kg, and the long-bodied oarfish, at 11 m.
context_section_description: Actinopterygia is divided into the subclasses Chondrostei and Neopterygii. The Neopterygii, in turn, is divided into the infraclasses Holostei and Teleostei. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic the teleosts in particular diversified widely, and as a result, 96% of all known fish species are teleosts. The cladogram shows the major groups of actinopterygians and their relationship to the terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods) that evolved from a related group of fish. Approximate dates are from Near et al., 2012.
  The polypterids (bichirs and reedfish) are the sister lineage of all other actinopterygians, the Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefishes) are the sister lineage of Neopterygii, and Holostei (bowfin and gars) are the sister lineage of teleosts. The Elopomorpha (eels and tarpons) appear to be the most basal teleosts.
  The listing below follows Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes with notes when this differs from Nelson, ITIS and FishBase and extinct groups from Van der Laan 2016.
  Order †?Asarotiformes Schaeffer 1968
  Order †?Discordichthyiformes Minikh 1998
  Order †?Paphosisciformes Grogan & Lund 2015
  Order †?Scanilepiformes Selezneya 1985
  Order †Cheirolepidiformes Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
  Order †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969
  Order †Rhadinichthyiformes
  Order †Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902
  Order †Tarrasiiformes sensu Lund & Poplin 2002
  Order †Ptycholepiformes Andrews et al. 1967
  Order †Redfieldiiformes Berg 1940
  Order †Haplolepidiformes Westoll 1944
  Order †Aeduelliformes Heyler 1969
  Order †Platysomiformes Aldinger 1937
  Order †Dorypteriformes Cope 1871
  Order †Eurynotiformes Sallan & Coates 2013
  Subclass Cladistii Pander 1860
  Order †Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000
  Order Polypteriformes Bleeker 1859 (bichirs and reedfishes)
  Clade Actinopteri Cope 1972 s.s.
  Order †Elonichthyiformes Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
  Order †Phanerorhynchiformes
  Order †Saurichthyiformes Berg 1937
  Subclass Chondrostei
  Order †Birgeriiformes Jin 2001
  Order †Chondrosteiformes
  Order Acipenseriformes Berg 1940 (sturgeons and paddlefishes)
  Subclass Neopterygii Regan 1923 sensu Xu & Wu 2012
  Order †Pholidopleuriformes Berg 1937
  Order †Peltopleuriformes Lehman 1966
  Order †Perleidiformes Berg 1937
  Order †Luganoiiformes Lehman 1958
  Order †Pycnodontiformes Berg 1937
  Infraclass Holostei Muller 1844
  Division Halecomorpha Cope 1872 sensu Grande & Bemis 1998
  Order †Parasemionotiformes Lehman 1966
  Order †Ionoscopiformes Grande & Bemis 1998
  Order Amiiformes Huxley 1861 sensu Grande & Bemis 1998 (bowfins)
  Division Ginglymodi Cope 1871
  Order †Dapediiformes Thies & Waschkewitz 2015
  Order †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958
  Order Lepisosteiformes Hay 1929 (gars)
  Clade Teleosteomorpha Arratia 2000 sensu Arratia 2013
  Order †Prohaleciteiformes Arratia 2017
  Division Aspidorhynchei Nelson, Grand & Wilson 2016
  Order †Aspidorhynchiformes Bleeker 1859
  Order †Pachycormiformes Berg 1937
  Infraclass Teleostei Müller 1844 sensu Arratia 2013
  Order †?Araripichthyiformes
  Order †?Ligulelliiformes Taverne 2011
  Order †?Tselfatiiformes Nelson 1994
  Order †Pholidophoriformes Berg 1940
  Order †Dorsetichthyiformes Nelson, Grand & Wilson 2016
  Order †Leptolepidiformes
  Order †Crossognathiformes Taverne 1989
  Order †Ichthyodectiformes Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
  Teleocephala de Pinna 1996 s.s.
  Megacohort Elopocephalai Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 (Elopomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
  Order Elopiformes Gosline 1960 (ladyfishes and tarpon)
  Order Albuliformes Greenwood et al. 1966 sensu Forey et al. 1996 (bonefishes)
  Order Notacanthiformes Goodrich 1909 (halosaurs and spiny eels)
  Order Anguilliformes Jarocki 1822 sensu Goodrich 1909 (true eels)
  Megacohort Osteoglossocephalai sensu Arratia 1999
  Supercohort Osteoglossocephala sensu Arratia 1999 (Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
  Order †Lycopteriformes Chang & Chou 1977
  Order Hiodontiformes McAllister 1968 sensu Taverne 1979 (mooneye and goldeye)
  Order Osteoglossiformes Regan 1909 sensu Zhang 2004 (bony-tongued fishes)
  Supercohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
  Cohort Otomorpha Wiley & Johnson 2010 (Otocephala; Ostario
caption: Skeleton of the angler fish, Lophius piscatorius. The first spine of the dorsal fin of the anglerfish is modified so it functions like a fishing rod with a lure
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