page_title: Nonlinear mixed-effects model
section_title: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling
hierarchical_section_title: Nonlinear mixed-effects model / Applications / Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling
context_page_description: Nonlinear mixed-effects models constitue a class of statistical models generalizing linear mixed-effects models. Like linear mixed-effects models, they are particularly useful in settings where there are multiple measurements within the same statistical units or when there are dependencies between measurements on related statistical units. Nonlinear mixed-effects models are applied in many fields including medicine, public health, pharmacology, and ecology.
context_section_description: PK/PD models for describing exposure-response relationships such as the Emax model can be formulated as nonlinear mixed-effects models. The mixed-model approach allows modeling of both population level and individual differences in effects that have a nonlinear effect on the observed outcomes, for example the rate at which a compound is being metabolized or distributed in the body.
caption: Basic pharmacokinetic processes affecting the fate of ingested substances. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling can be used to estimate the population-level effects of these processes while also modeling the individual variation between subjects.