page_title: List of Russian scientists
section_title: Linguists and ethnographers
hierarchical_section_title: List of Russian scientists / Linguists and ethnographers
caption_attribution_description: L. L. Zamenhof &#160;(1859&#8211;1917)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Alternative names Лазарь Маркович Заменгофь; Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof; אליעזר זמנהוף; Eliezer Samenhof; Ludwik Łazarz ZamenhofDescriptionRussian medical doctorInitiator of the language Esperanto&#160;• Iniciatinto de la lingvo Esperanto&#160;• Begründer der Sprache Esperanto&#160;• Инициатор языка ЭсперантоDate of birth/death 15 December 1859 14 April 1917Location of birth/death Białystok WarsawAuthority control : Q11758 VIAF:&#8201;73885295 ISNI:&#8201;0000 0001 0915 3407 LCCN:&#8201;no90015706 NLA:&#8201;35951981 MusicBrainz:&#8201;ef2199e2-4780-40ce-975e-86516a4441c4 WorldCat creator QS:P170,Q11758
context_page_description: Karl Ernst von Baer, polymath naturalist, formulated the geological Baer's law on river erosion and embryological Baer's laws, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society
  Alexander Borodin, chemist and composer, author of the famous opera Prince Igor, discovered Borodin reaction, co-discovered Aldol reaction
  Alexander Chizhevsky, interdisciplinary scientist, biophysicist, philosopher and artist, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification, Russian cosmist
  Johann Gottlieb Georgi, naturalist, chemist, mineralogist, ethnographer and explorer, the first to describe omul fish of Baikal, published the first full-scale work on ethnography of indigenous peoples of Russia
context_section_description: Vasily Abaev, prominent researcher of Iranian languages
  Alexander Afanasyev, leading Russian folklorist, recorded and published over 600 Russian fairy tales, by far the largest folktale collection by any one man in the world
  Ivan Baudouin de Courtenay, co-inventor of the concept of phoneme and the systematic treatment of alternations, pioneer of synchronic analysis and mathematical linguistics
  Vladimir Bogoraz, researcher of Chukchi people, founder of the Institute of the Peoples of the North
  Otto von Böhtlingk, prominent Indologist and Sanskrit grammarian
  Fyodor Buslaev, philologist and folklorist, representative of the Mythological school of comparative literature
  Vladimir Dahl, greatest Russian language lexicographer of the 19th century, folklorist and turkologist, author of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language
  Johann Gottlieb Georgi, explorer, published the first full-scale work on ethnography of indigenous peoples of Russia
  Dmitry Gerasimov, medieval translator, diplomat and philologist, correspondent of European Renaissance scholars
  Vladislav Illich-Svitych, founder of Nostratic linguistics
  Vyacheslav Ivanov, founder of glottalic theory of Indo-European consonantism
  Roman Jakobson, literary theorist and preeminent linguist of the 20th century, a founder of phonology, made numerous contributions to Slavic linguistics, author of Jackobson's Communication Model
  Wilhelm Junker, explorer and ethnographer of Equatorial Africa, studied the Zande people from Niam-Niam 
  Pyotr Kafarov, prominent sinologist, developed the cyrillization of Chinese, discovered and published many invaluable manuscripts, including The Secret History of the Mongols
  Yuri Knorozov, linguist, epigrapher and ethnographer, deciphered the ancient Maya script, proposed a decipherment for the Indus script
  Nikolay Krushevsky, co-inventor of the concept of phoneme and the systematic treatment of alternations
  Gerasim Lebedev, pioneer of Indology, introduced Bengali script typing to Europe, founded the first European-style drama theater in India
  Dmitry Likhachov, major 20th-century expert on Old East Slavic language and literature
  Mikhail Lomonosov, polymath scientist and artist, wrote a grammar that reformed Russian literary language by combining Old Church Slavonic with vernacular tongue
  Yuri Lotman, prominent literary scholar and semiotician
  Nikolay Lvov, polymath artist and scientist, compiled the first significant collection of Russian folk songs, published epic bylinas
  Richard Maack, naturalist and ethographer of Siberia
  Sergey Malov, turkologist, classified the Turkic alphabets, deciphered ancient Orkhon script
  Nicholas Marr, put forth a pseudo-linguistic Japhetic theory on the origin of language
  Igor Melchuk, structural linguist, author of Meaning-Text Theory
  Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai, anthropologist who lived and traveled among the natives of Papua New Guinea and Pacific islands, prominent anti-racist
  Gerhardt Friedrich Müller, explorer and historian, a founder of ethnography
  Semyon Novgorodov, Yakut politician and linguist, creator of written Yakut language (Sakha scripts)
  Sergei Ozhegov, author of the most widely used explanatory dictionary of Russian language
  Stephan of Perm, 14th-century missionary, converted Komi Permyaks to Christianity and invented the Old Permic script
  Yevgeny Polivanov, linguist, orientalist and polyglot, developed the cyrillization of Japanese
  Nicholas Poppe, prominent Altaic languages researcher
  Grigory Potanin, explorer of Central Asia, the first to research Salar people
  Vladimir Propp, formalist scholar, major researcher of folk tales and mythology
  Tatyana Proskuryakova, Mayanist scholar and archaeologist, deciphered the ancient Maya script
  George de Roerich, major 20th-century Tibetologist
  Franz Anton Schiefner, prominent tibetologist, Finnic and Caucasus languages researcher
  Isaac Jacob Schmidt, the first researcher of Mongolian
  Leopold von Schrenck, naturalist and ethnographer, coined the term Paleo-Asiatic peoples, the first director of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnograph
caption: Zamenhof
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