`  There isn't a tremendous amount a research in this area.  I've found about a dozen references for facial reconstruction and partial glossectomy (tongue reduction) that seem relevant.  I haven't found anything about facial reconstruction since 1990.  The results are definitely mixed.  For facial reconstruction, ``although most parents reported improvement in their child's speech and appearance, independent raters could not readily discern improvement...``  For partial glossectomy, surgeons and parents have noted improvement in speech.  Independent raters have demonstrated a mixed bag — when shown videos or in face-to-face encounters, they indicate improvement, but not when hearing a tape of speech.  The most recent study (2005) stated, ``The partial glossectomy had obviously a positive impact on both place of articulation and manner of articulation.  The analyses revealed a tendency towards vowel speech before surgery along with glottal realizations.  After surgery the vowel speech and the compensatory articulation patterns had disappeared.`` / `