`  == New Science stuff == Megsherer, thanks for the large volume of information:)  It looks like it took a lot of work and I, for one,  apprectiate your efforts.  I am concerned that there is a lot of: X is baloney and X is vitalism, therefore all vitalism is baloney.  That in itself would be considered a logical fallacy.  That is not insurmountable and we may be able to work it in.  However, the bigger problem is the use of the ``guidelines for distinguishing between pseudoscience (which is a large gray area mass;) and correctly applied sciences.``  For instance, no one knows how may of these guidelines a particular science has to fit in before it qualifies.  It is very subjective and is not for us to decide.  For something as pejorative as the PS label, WP cannot make judgements.  We have to rely on verifiable and reliable sources and even then should state it as opinion as we have done in the critiques section.  Otherwise it is WP:OR.  When using this type of format, we could create anything we wanted and that is not our job as editors, no matter what we think we know.  Anyway, since there is so much, maybe we need to work with it here.  The first step is getting rid of the bold as per WP guidelines format.  Stephen Carey provides a guideline for distinguishing between pseudoscience and correctly applied sciences.Carey, Stephen S. 2004, A Beginner's Guide to Scientific Method, 3rd edition, Wadsworth, Toronto, Ontario.  Vitalism can be critically evaluated in terms of Carey's criteria as follows:  Pseudosciences often use flawed reasoning in an attempt to explain their theories. Examples that can be interpreted as fallacious reasoning are below.  1) The use of well established theory to strengthen a theory that has yet to gain any scientific acceptance can lead to a fallacy that Carey describes as an unsupported analogy or similarity.  Vitalism, or bioenergy, is often explained as being an electromagnetic(EM) field and is supported by the theory of quantum physics. Stefanatos, J. 1997, 'Introduction to Bioenergetic Medicine', Shoen, A.M and S.G. Wynn, Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine: Principles and Practices, Mosby-Yearbook, Chicago.  Victor Stenger  offers several explanations as to why this line of reasoning may be misplaced.  He discribes how all known energy has been quantified as being matter.  Electromagnetism exists as packets of energy called photons and no EM field can exist without its component parts, the photons.  Quanta, the components of energy which includes photons, cannot act instantaneously but are limited to only propagate at the speed of light.  These facts of quantum physics place limitations on the infinite, continuous field that is used by some theorists to describe human energy fields.Biley, Francis, C. 2005, Unitary Health Care: Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings, University of Wales College of Medicine, viewed 30 November 2006,   Stenger continues, explaining that the effects of EM forces have been measured by physicists as accurately as one part in a billion and have yet to provide evidence that living organisms emit a unique field or radiation.  2) Arguments by elimination occur when two explanations are offered, one is rejected and so the second explanation is assumed to be correct.  However, showing that an explanation is false does not provide evidence for the validity of the second explanation.  The explanations provided are necessarily encompassing and there may be an untested explanation that better describes the phenomenon.  Rubik admits that most research on biofield therapies test the effectiveness of reduced anxiety and pain in patients.  These qualitative experiments often do not take into account other factors, and so reduced pain may occur when biofield therapies are applied, but this is not empirical evidence for the existance of a vital force.  Carey points out that many ailments go away within 90 days even when untreated.  3) The appearance of a desired effect or anomaly can be created when certain facts are omitted, content is distorted, or the claim relies heavily on anecdotal evidence.  A product called VitalForce claims to infuse other products such as salt or Kava Kava with energy patterns that are described as subtle energy.  This range of energies is claimed to produce varied beneficial results that can be applied to humans, animals, or agriculture.  The research portion of their website begins with a lengthy letter from a veterinarian professing the effectiveness of the VitalForce product.  In on