`  == Norumbega ==  Hi, Doug  I am Myron Paine, Ph. D.,  I have advised engineering graduate students.  I know the criteria for valid data and the rules for references.  I respect your role to determine that the data is valid and the references are correct for Wikipedia.  Re: Norumbega.  See the Lok map.   Norumbega is clearly marked on this map of 1582 by Michael Lok  in the location of modern New England.  The Lok map has the names of J. Cabot, 1497 and Jac. Cartier,1535.  The rivers and terrain features around Norumbega are similar to the New England terrain today.  Richard Hakluyt b knew what was on the map when he included the map in ``Divers Voyages touching the Discoveries of America, London, 1582.``   A similar, but better, drawing of Norumbega was made in Rome on a map  by Bolognini Zalterij in 1595.  0n both maps Norumbega is as prominent as Canada.  I.e. if Canada existed, then so did Norumbega.  On neither map is there an attempt to connect Norumbega to Vikings.    So the words, ``Inextricably connected with attempts to demonstrate Viking incursions in New England.`` are misleading.  They imply that the name ``Norumbega was found by scholars who attempted, but did not succeed, to connect Norumbega to Vikings.  Norumbege was a correctly named location in America before AD 1600 without any indication of Vikings.  Today modern scholars have repeatedly demonstrated close valid connections between Norumbega and Vikings in New England:     The French called the people in Norumbega, ``Nauset.`` Coulter, Tony, 1993 Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, and the Explorers of Canada, Chelsea House Pub. NY.   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauset   [If the French silent ``t`` is not voiced, the word ``Nauset`` sounds like ``Norse.``]         The Nauset spoke/speak Old Norse  Sherwin, Reider T., 1940 -56 The Viking and the Red Man, Vols, 1-2 Funk & Wagnalls, NY, 3-8 private printing   Stromsted, Astri A. 1973 Ancient Pioneers, Early Connections.     Many New England place names are Old Norse, including Massachusetts, Connecticut, Narragansett, and Wampanoag,  Douglas-Lithgow, R.A. 1909/2001 Native American Place Names of Massachusetts, Applewood Books, Bedford, MA   See Sherwin     The Nauset origin stories included ancient migration from Iceland  1994 Medicine, Manitonquat, The Children of the Morning Light, Macmillian Publishing Co. and    The Nauset had/have Norse DNA.  See Gene Park in http://lenape-epic.blogspot.com/2012/04/norse-christians-called-lenape.html   The evidence indicates Norumbega was an established Norse settlement in America in 1497.  The most knowledgeable scholars of America in 1497 knew that Norumbega was located in what would become New England.  Those scholars did not know that the name was associated with Norse.  The names Norumbega and Nauset are not found on English maps after John Smith's voyage in 1614.  Modern multiple attempts to verify that Norumbega was, in fact, a Norse territory have repeatedly produced valid results, which have been ignored by the social scientists.    Ignoring a name and results DO NOT make the name legendary.  There is a reason a name is ignored, i.e. maybe to cover up and erase the knowledge that the Norse were in America since 1497 at least.    Then the 17th century English accepted the Columbus was first myth to deny Norse presence in North America.  The issues were the Doctrine of Discovery  and the English Charters, which stipulated that the English could not settle where there were Christians already, settled.    Any hint that Nauset were in Norumbega was a serious concern for the Puritans.  I think Norumbega should read:  Norumbega (orNorumbègue,Nurumbega, etc.) was a place name for modern New England on the world's maps for 119 years. (AD 1497 - 1616).    In 1616 Robert Clerke drew Captain John Smith's Voyage to Norumbega and beyond.    http://vintage-1616-book-and-map-that-named-new-england.click2coupon.appspot.com/Vintage-1616-Book-and-Map-That-Named-New-England/dp/19c38aca08877f9565e0936bacf5bfbe/e659a76e130d142c75258f5dbb57ea51   Clerke omitted both Canada and Norumbega from the map.  Norumbega never appeared on an English map again.    French maps of a century later still show Norumbega near New England.    http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~2923~300059:Carte-du-Canada-ou-de-la-Nouvelle-F   The French found Nauset (pronounced ``Nause``) in Norumbega.  The Nauset spoke a dialect of Old Norse.  Many place names in Norumbega are Old Norse.    DNA studies show that on the northern route into the United States, the Norse people mixed with [American] peoples. That fact is 98.7 percent fact, confirmed by y-DNA.  Have a good one  Myron f`