  == Rules for new states ==    So, this is all fine and good, since the two classes with the same number of senators are the two smaller ones.  What happens when the two equally-sized classes are the larger ones?  Which of the two gets a new senator (the other senator goes into the small class)?   What happens when all three classes are of the same size (as would be the case after a 51st state, for instance)?  How are two classes chosen among the three?  Could someone clarify?