README.md

---
language:
- eng
- afr
- nbl
- xho
- zul
- sot
- nso
- tsn
- ssw
- ven
- tso
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
- sentence-similarity
- translation
pretty_name: The Vuk'uzenzele South African Multilingual Corpus
tags:
- multilingual
- government
arxiv: 2303.0375
configs:
- config_name: afr-eng
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-eng/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-eng/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-eng/eval-*
- config_name: afr-nbl
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-nbl/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-nbl/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-nbl/eval-*
- config_name: afr-nso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-nso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-nso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-nso/eval-*
- config_name: afr-sot
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-sot/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-sot/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-sot/eval-*
- config_name: afr-ssw
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-ssw/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-ssw/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-ssw/eval-*
- config_name: afr-tsn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-tsn/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-tsn/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-tsn/eval-*
- config_name: afr-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-tso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-tso/eval-*
- config_name: afr-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-ven/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-ven/eval-*
- config_name: afr-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-xho/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-xho/eval-*
- config_name: afr-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: afr-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: afr-zul/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: afr-zul/eval-*
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
- config_name: eng-nbl
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-nbl/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-nbl/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-nbl/eval-*
- config_name: eng-nso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-nso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-nso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-nso/eval-*
- config_name: eng-sot
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-sot/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-sot/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-sot/eval-*
- config_name: eng-ssw
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-ssw/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-ssw/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-ssw/eval-*
- config_name: eng-tsn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-tsn/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-tsn/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-tsn/eval-*
- config_name: eng-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-tso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-tso/eval-*
- config_name: eng-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-ven/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-ven/eval-*
- config_name: eng-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-xho/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-xho/eval-*
- config_name: eng-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: eng-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: eng-zul/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: eng-zul/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-nso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-nso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-nso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-nso/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-sot
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-sot/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-sot/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-sot/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-ssw
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-ssw/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-ssw/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-ssw/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-tsn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-tsn/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-tsn/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-tsn/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-tso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-tso/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-ven/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-ven/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-xho/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-xho/eval-*
- config_name: nbl-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nbl-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nbl-zul/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nbl-zul/eval-*
- config_name: nso-sot
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-sot/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-sot/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-sot/eval-*
- config_name: nso-ssw
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-ssw/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-ssw/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-ssw/eval-*
- config_name: nso-tsn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-tsn/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-tsn/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-tsn/eval-*
- config_name: nso-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-tso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-tso/eval-*
- config_name: nso-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-ven/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-ven/eval-*
- config_name: nso-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-xho/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-xho/eval-*
- config_name: nso-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: nso-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: nso-zul/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: nso-zul/eval-*
- config_name: sot-ssw
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: sot-ssw/train-*
  - split: test
    path: sot-ssw/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: sot-ssw/eval-*
- config_name: sot-tsn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: sot-tsn/train-*
  - split: test
    path: sot-tsn/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: sot-tsn/eval-*
- config_name: sot-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: sot-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: sot-tso/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: sot-tso/eval-*
- config_name: sot-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: sot-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: sot-ven/test-*
  - split: eval
    path: sot-ven/eval-*
- config_name: sot-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: sot-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: sot-xho/test-*
- config_name: sot-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: sot-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: sot-zul/test-*
- config_name: ssw-tsn
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ssw-tsn/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ssw-tsn/test-*
- config_name: ssw-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ssw-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ssw-tso/test-*
- config_name: ssw-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ssw-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ssw-ven/test-*
- config_name: ssw-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ssw-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ssw-xho/test-*
- config_name: ssw-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ssw-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ssw-zul/test-*
- config_name: tsn-tso
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tsn-tso/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tsn-tso/test-*
- config_name: tsn-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tsn-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tsn-ven/test-*
- config_name: tsn-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tsn-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tsn-xho/test-*
- config_name: tsn-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tsn-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tsn-zul/test-*
- config_name: tso-ven
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tso-ven/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tso-ven/test-*
- config_name: tso-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tso-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tso-xho/test-*
- config_name: tso-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: tso-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: tso-zul/test-*
- config_name: ven-xho
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ven-xho/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ven-xho/test-*
- config_name: ven-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: ven-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: ven-zul/test-*
- config_name: xho-zul
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: xho-zul/train-*
  - split: test
    path: xho-zul/test-*
dataset_info:
- config_name: afr-eng
  features:
  - name: afr
    dtype: string
  - name: eng
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 793530
    num_examples: 2660
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 171644
    num_examples: 570
  - name: eval
    num_bytes: 172132
    num_examples: 571
  download_size: 757198
  dataset_size: 1137306
- config_name: afr-nbl
  features:
  - name: afr
    dtype: string
  - name: nbl
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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    num_examples: 723
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 155
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 155
  download_size: 279950
  dataset_size: 399271
- config_name: afr-nso
  features:
  - name: afr
    dtype: string
  - name: nso
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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    num_examples: 2937
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 630
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 630
  download_size: 892392
  dataset_size: 1398549
- config_name: afr-sot
  features:
  - name: afr
    dtype: string
  - name: sot
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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    num_examples: 2968
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 636
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 636
  download_size: 901006
  dataset_size: 1392912
- config_name: afr-ssw
  features:
  - name: afr
    dtype: string
  - name: ssw
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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    num_examples: 3042
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 652
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 653
  download_size: 927666
  dataset_size: 1393772
- config_name: afr-tsn
  features:
  - name: afr
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  - name: tsn
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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    num_examples: 2830
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 607
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 607
  download_size: 913596
  dataset_size: 1443032
- config_name: afr-tso
  features:
  - name: afr
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  - name: tso
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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    num_examples: 2952
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 633
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 633
  download_size: 902666
  dataset_size: 1405022
- config_name: afr-ven
  features:
  - name: afr
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  - name: ven
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  - name: score
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  - name: __index_level_0__
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    num_examples: 830
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 178
  - name: eval
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  download_size: 323825
  dataset_size: 499976
- config_name: afr-xho
  features:
  - name: afr
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  - name: xho
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  - name: score
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  - name: __index_level_0__
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  - name: test
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    num_examples: 664
  - name: eval
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  download_size: 944334
  dataset_size: 1401670
- config_name: afr-zul
  features:
  - name: afr
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  - name: zul
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
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    num_examples: 3078
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 660
  - name: eval
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  download_size: 932565
  dataset_size: 1392399
- config_name: default
  features:
  - name: nbl
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  - name: nso
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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    num_examples: 315
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 79
  download_size: 113394
  dataset_size: 159957
- config_name: eng-nbl
  features:
  - name: eng
    dtype: string
  - name: nbl
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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    num_examples: 207
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 45
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 45
  download_size: 89654
  dataset_size: 110551
- config_name: eng-nso
  features:
  - name: eng
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  - name: nso
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
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  splits:
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    num_examples: 2616
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 561
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 561
  download_size: 770909
  dataset_size: 1213416
- config_name: eng-sot
  features:
  - name: eng
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  - name: sot
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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  - name: test
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    num_examples: 573
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 573
  download_size: 776145
  dataset_size: 1205484
- config_name: eng-ssw
  features:
  - name: eng
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  - name: ssw
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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  - name: test
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    num_examples: 571
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 571
  download_size: 777951
  dataset_size: 1182776
- config_name: eng-tsn
  features:
  - name: eng
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  - name: tsn
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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    num_examples: 2517
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 539
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 540
  download_size: 786563
  dataset_size: 1258877
- config_name: eng-tso
  features:
  - name: eng
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  - name: tso
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
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  - name: test
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    num_examples: 562
  - name: eval
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  download_size: 773662
  dataset_size: 1207457
- config_name: eng-ven
  features:
  - name: eng
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  - name: ven
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  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
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    num_examples: 279
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 60
  - name: eval
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    num_examples: 60
  download_size: 119271
  dataset_size: 165963
- config_name: eng-xho
  features:
  - name: eng
    dtype: string
  - name: xho
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
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    num_examples: 2662
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 571
  - name: eval
    num_bytes: 176047
    num_examples: 571
  download_size: 784961
  dataset_size: 1178271
- config_name: eng-zul
  features:
  - name: eng
    dtype: string
  - name: zul
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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    num_examples: 2646
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 567
  - name: eval
    num_bytes: 177547
    num_examples: 567
  download_size: 767836
  dataset_size: 1162153
- config_name: nbl-nso
  features:
  - name: nbl
    dtype: string
  - name: nso
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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    num_examples: 275
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 59
  - name: eval
    num_bytes: 26519
    num_examples: 60
  download_size: 118816
  dataset_size: 159957
- config_name: nbl-sot
  features:
  - name: nbl
    dtype: string
  - name: sot
    dtype: string
  - name: score
    dtype: float64
  - name: __index_level_0__
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
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    num_examples: 365
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 30656
    num_examples: 78
  - name: eval
    num_bytes: 32211
    num_examples: 79
  download_size: 152576
  dataset_size: 212460
- config_name: nbl-ssw
  features:
  - name: nbl
    dtype: string
  - name: ssw
    dtype: string
  - name: score
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---

# The Vuk'uzenzele South African Multilingual Corpus

Github: [https://github.com/dsfsi/vukuzenzele-nlp/](https://github.com/dsfsi/vukuzenzele-nlp/)

Zenodo: [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.7598539.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7598539)

Arxiv Preprint: [![arXiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2303.03750-b31b1b.svg)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.03750)

Give Feedback 📑: [DSFSI Resource Feedback Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf7S36dyAUPx2egmXbFpnTBuzoRulhL5Elu-N1eoMhaO7v10w/formResponse)

# About
The dataset was obtained from the South African government magazine Vuk'uzenzele, created by the [Government Communication and Information System (GCIS)](https://www.gcis.gov.za/). 
The original raw PDFS were obtatined from the [Vuk'uzenzele website](https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/).

The datasets contain government magazine editions in 11 languages, namely:

|  Language  | Code  |  Language  | Code |
|------------|-------|------------|-------|
| English    | (eng) | Sepedi     | (sep) |
| Afrikaans  | (afr) | Setswana   | (tsn) |
| isiNdebele | (nbl) | Siswati    | (ssw) |
| isiXhosa   | (xho) | Tshivenda  | (ven) |
| isiZulu    | (zul) | Xitstonga  | (tso) |
| Sesotho    | (nso) |

## Available pairings

The alignment direction is bidrectional, i.e. xho-zul is zul-xho

afr-eng; afr-nbl; afr-nso; afr-sot; afr-ssw; afr-tsn; afr-tso; afr-ven; afr-xho; afr-zul  
eng-nbl; eng-nso; eng-sot ;eng-ssw; eng-tsn; eng-tso; eng-ven; eng-xho; eng-zul  
nbl-nso; nbl-sot; nbl-ssw; nbl-tsn; nbl-tso; nbl-ven; nbl-xho; nbl-zul  
nso-sot; nso-ssw; nso-tsn; nso-tso; nso-ven; nso-xho; nso-zul  
sot-ssw; sot-tsn; sot-tso; sot-ven; sot-xho; sot-zul  
ssw-tsn; ssw-tso; ssw-ven; ssw-xho; ssw-zul  
tsn-tso; tsn-ven; tsn-xho; tsn-zul  
tso-ven; tso-xho; tso-zul  
ven-xho; ven-zul  
xho-zul  

# Disclaimer

This dataset contains machine-readable data extracted from PDF documents, from https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/, provided by the Government Communication Information System (GCIS). While efforts were made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this data, there may be errors or discrepancies between the original publications and this dataset. No warranties, guarantees or representations are given in relation to the information contained in the dataset. The members of the Data Science for Societal Impact Research Group bear no responsibility and/or liability for any such errors or discrepancies in this dataset. The Government Communication Information System (GCIS) bears no responsibility and/or liability for any such errors or discrepancies in this dataset. It is recommended that users verify all information contained herein before making decisions based upon this information.

# Datasets
The datasets consist of pairwise sentence aligned data. There are 55 distinct datasets of paired sentences.
The data is obtained by comparing [LASER](https://github.com/facebookresearch/LASER) embeddings of sentence tokens between 2 languages. If the similarity is high, the sentences are deemed semantic equivalents of one another and the observation is outputted. 

Naming convention:  
The naming structure of the pairwise_sentence_aligned folder is `aligned-{src_lang_code}-{tgt_lang_code}.csv`.  
For example, `aligned-afr-zul.csv` is the aligned sentences between Afrikaans and isiZulu. 

The data is in .csv format and the columns are `src_text`,`tgt_text`,`cosine_score` where:  
- `src_text` is the source sentence
- `tgt_text` is the target sentence
- `cosine_score` is the cosine similarity score obtained by comparing the sentence embeddings, it ranges from 0 to 1

**Note:** The notion of source (src) and target (tgt) are only necessary for distinction between the languages used in the aligned pair, as the sentence semantics should be bidirectional. (hallo <-> sawubona)

# Citation
Vukosi Marivate, Andani Madodonga, Daniel Njini, Richard Lastrucci, Isheanesu Dzingirai, Jenalea Rajab. **The Vuk'uzenzele South African Multilingual Corpus**, 2023

> @dataset{marivate_vukosi_2023_7598540,
  author       = {Marivate, Vukosi and
                  Njini, Daniel and
                  Madodonga, Andani and
                  Lastrucci, Richard and
                  Dzingirai, Isheanesu
                  Rajab, Jenalea},
  title        = {The Vuk'uzenzele South African Multilingual Corpus},
  month        = feb,
  year         = 2023,
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.7598539},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7598539}
}

### Licence
* Licence for Data - [CC 4.0 BY](LICENSE.md)