Desulfurizing coke with phosgene or a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine
United States Patent Long et a1. Apr. 15, 1975 1 DESULFURIZING COKE WITH PHOSGENE [56] References Cited OR A MIXTURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE UNITED STATES PATENTS AND CHLORINE 2,657,118 10/1953 Phillips 201/19 7 Inventors; Raymond Long, p House Rd 2,698,777 1/1955 Hartwick et al. 20l/l7 i Rt 1 Morristown NIL 2,793,172 5/1957 Smith 81 a1 201/17 3,009,781 11/1961 Johnson et a1 201/19 gg dggg&#39; s &#39;g l 15 6 93 3,387,941 6/1968 Murphy et a1. 201/17 [22] Filed: Aug. 31, 1973 Primary ExaminerA. Louis Monacell Assistant ExaminerDavid Edwards 21 A LN .z393576 1 pp 0 Attorney, Agent, or FirmMarn &amp; Jangarathis Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No, 309,470, Nov. 24, [57] ABSTRACT 1972&#39; abandoned Coke is desulfurized by contacting coke with phos gene gas or a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlo- [52] US. Cl 5 5 t f ggj g g g rine, at a temperature from l2001800F. to produce 5 I t C Cl0b 57/06 coke having a sulfur content of no greater than 0.85%. E581 g 25 36 37 The coke may be admixed with a ferruginous material 17 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure Aqueous Solution of Ground ferric Sulfate and/or ferruginous l Blender l SulfurlcAcrd Material I l Dryer l--1 L J l 1 l l Solid or liquid 1 f Ground 1 carbonaceous erruglnous W .7 m..  
 coking Feed Mixer Material l 1 1 l 1 1 Ground Coal Coke m t I gr u irgug Production 1 1- Material 1 i i 1 I I Grlnder I 1 L Blender 1 &#34;T Phosgene 1 1 3r Co a .2 Desulfunzotlon Grinder Dry 1 l l L S If v OW U Ul&#39; Mo neilc Coke Sep araior Low Sulfur Low Ash Coke Pia? 241mm SiS? Aqueous Solution of Ground iz wgi ltgiuw fla Blender .&amp; 22 292 1 Sulfunc Acid L J Maternal F&#34;&#39; 1 Dryer L. J l I i I Solid or liquid v f Groqnd &#34;.9 9 r i P f l-Li. coking Feed M&#39;xer Moieriol L Ground 9 2?- Coke &#34;9&#34; Production 1 l I Material 5 I fag&#39;inge L &#39;3 en er 1 L&#34;- .,.J \l! v T Phosgene W W J F; OD 2 Desulfunzohon Wash 8. H w  
 Dry Grmder Low Ash Coke DESULlFURllZlNG CURE WllTH lPHUSGlENE UR A MIXTURE OF CARBON MONOXEDE AND CHLORINE This application is a continuation-in-part of applica tion Ser. No. 309.470 filed on Nov. 24. 1972. and now abandoned.  
  This invention relates to the desulfurization of coke. and more particularly to a new and improved process for producing a coke having a sulfur content of less than 0.85%.  
  There has been proposed a wide variety of processes for producing desulfurized coke. ln general. however. such processes are not effective for producing a desulfurizcd coke from a wide variety of feedstocks having various sulfur contents. including sulfur contents of 4 percent and greater, which would meet todays standards of a sulfur content of less than 0.85 percent. and preferably less than 0.5 percent.  
  Accordingly. an object of the present invention is to provide a process for providing desulfurized coke.  
  Another object of the present invention is to provide a desulfurized coke having a sulfur content of less than 0.5%.  
  A further object of this present invention is to provide a process capable of producing a desulfurized coke having a sulfur content of less than 0.5% which is prepared from fecdstocks having both high and low sulfur contents.  
  These and other objects of the present invention should be more readily apparent from reading the following detailed description thereof with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein:  
  The drawing is a simplified schematic flow diagram illustrating processing steps of the present invention.  
  In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for desulfurizing coke wherein the coke is contacted with a desulfurizing gas. with or without the presence of other additives, at a temperature from about l200F. to about l800F. for a time sufficient to produce a coke having a sulfur content of no greater than 0.85%. and preferably no greater than 0.5%.  
  The desulfurizing gas is either a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine or phosgene, and generally also includes a diluent gas. such as nitrogen. in order to minimize the concentration of phosgene (phosgene is also generated when using a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine). It is to be understood, however, that a diluent gas need not be present although the use of a diluent is preferred. Although the desulfurization is effected under reducing conditions. oxygen can also be present in the gas. In employing a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine, the relative proportions of the two materials can vary over a wide range. in that it is believed that the desulfurization is effected by in situ generation of phosgene. As should be apparent. it is most economic to employ the carbon monoxide and chlorine in amounts approximating equimolal amounts. Typically. the ratio of one of the two components to the other ranges from about 0.5:1 to 1.5:l. As should be apparent. however, the relative proportions can be outside such atypical range in that in situ phosgcne generation can occur outside such ranges, although such an operation is not preferred.  
  ln the case where the coke which is to be desulfurized is produced from a petroleum feedstock, the coke is mixed with a desulfurizing amount of a ferruginous material (iron. oxide of iron or mixtures thereof). as a desulfurizing additive. In the case where the coke is derived from coal containing pyrites. i.e.. pyrites is present in an amount of at least 0.5%. by weight, of the coal. at ferruginous material need not be employed. but in some cases. improved results are obtained by the use of a desulfurizing amount of a ferruginous material. If the coal used in preparing the coke does not contain pyrites. then. as in the case of coke produced from a petroleum feedstock. a ferruginous material is also used in effecting the desulfurization.  
  The ferruginous material is either iron and/or an oxide of iron (ferrous oxide and/or ferric oxide) and such ferruginous material may be employed in an impure state. Thus. for example. the ferruginous material may be added as taconite fines. iron ore. iron. etc. In general. the ferruginous material, if employed. is in a finely divided state. e.g.. a particle size of l00 mesh with 50% or more being 325 mesh and is present in an amount to provide a ferruginous material to coke weight ratio of from 5:95 to 25:75. and preferably from l0z90 to l5z85.  
  ln accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention. in addition to the ferruginous material. if employed. the coke is admixed with a desulfurizing amount of promoting additive which is either sulfuric acid. ferric sulfate or mixtures thereof in that the presence of such an additive has been found to promote desulfurization of the coke with the desulfurizing gas. The sulfuric acid and/or ferric sulfate additive is generally employed in an amount from about 1% to about 8%, and preferably in an amount from about 3% to about 8%. all by weight. based on coke. In some cases. i.e.. cokes of higher sulfur content produced from petroleum feedstocks. in order to achieve the desired amount of desulfurization, it may be necessary to use sulfuric acid and/or ferric sulfate as a promoting additive in order to produce the desired degree of desulfurization.  
  The desulfurization is effected in a reducing atmosphere at a coke temperature from l200F. to l800F. and preferably at a temperature from I400F. to 1800F.. with a temperature of 1500F. being generally preferred. (The furnace or oven in which the desulfurization is effected is generally at a temperature which is l00F. higher than the temperature of the coke). The desulfurization with phosgene or a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine can not be effectively employed at coke temperatures in the order of l900F. and higher and. accordingly. in general. the temperature of the coke does not exceed l8()0F. The coke is maintained at the desulfurization temperature for a time sufticient to reduce the sulfur content of the coke to no greater than 0.85%. and preferably no greater than 0.5% The precise time required for such desulfurization will vary with the amount of sulfur originally present in the coke and the distribution, as to type. of the sulfur; i.e.. pyritic. sulfate, sulfide, or organic. ln general, the time is at least one-half hour. with the time period generally not exceeding 16 hours.  
  Typically. the required desulfurization time is in the order of l to 8 hours.  
  The coke which is desulfurized in accordance with the present invention may be a coke produced from any one of a wide variety of carbonaceous coking feed stocks. including both liquid feedstocks derived from either petroleum sources. such as reduced crudes. gilsonite. tar sand bitumens and the like or coal sources. such as coal tar pitch or coal tar and solid feedstocks. such as coal. The ferruginous material and/or promoting additive. if employed. may be admixed with the coking feedstock prior to coking or may be admixed with the coke product from a coking process. The coke. is then contacted with the dcsulfurizing gas (phosgene or a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine).  
  If a promoting additive and ferruginous material are employed. the ferruginous material is preferably pugged or sprayed with an aqueous solution of the promoting additive and the ferruginous material then mixed with the coking feedstock or coke. Alternatively. in the case where the coking feedstock is a solid or the ferruginous material is added to a previously produced coke. a mixture of the carbonaceous material and ferruginous material may be sprayed or pugged with an aqueous solution of the promoting additive.  
  The manner in which the coke is produced forms no part of the present invention and any one of a wide variety of coking procedures may be employed for producing the coke which is to be desulfurized. Thus. for example. a liquid carbonaceous feedstock. may be coked in a delayed or fluid coker. as known in the art, or in a carbonizer; e.g.. an indirect-fired kiln type carbonizer. as known in the art. Coal may be carbonized The invention will be further described with respect to the accompanying drawing which schematically indicates various procedures for practising the present invention.  
  Solid or liquid carbonaceous coking feed may be premixed with. if employed. ground ferruginous material or a ferruginous material which has been previous mixed with an aqueous solution of ferric sulfate and/or sulfuric acid and dried. The carbonaceous feed is then coked or carbonized. and if the ferruginous material has been added to the coking feedstock. or is not required. e.g.. some coals. the coke is desulfurized with phosgene or a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine in a desulfurization unit.  
  if the coke produced in the coke production unit does not include ferruginous material and a ferruginous material is to be added. the coke is ground and blended with ground ferruginous material or ferruginous material which has been previously blended with an aqueous solution of ferric sulfate and/or sulfuric acid and dried. The coke including the ferruginous material is then desulfurized by contact with phosgene or a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine.  
  The desulfurized coke is then washed and dried for use as a low sulfur coke or the washed and dried coke is ground and subjected to magnetic separation to produce a low-sulfur. low ash coke.  
 The invention will be further described with respect in high temperature. slot-type coke ovens. Alterna- 30 to the following examples, but it is to be understood fivcnthe CO3] may be Subjected to preheating and parthat the scope of the invention is not to be limited tial oxidation in a rabbled multiple hearth furnace. folylowed by carbonization in one or more kiln-type carbonizers. As a further alternative. the coal may be ag- EXAMPLE I glomerated. for example by briquetting. preheated and 5 partially oxidized in a grate-kiln or rabbled unit and Green Cokemoduced f apetroleum Source haycarbonized in kilm a grate kiln or a circular grate y ing a sulfur content in the order of 4.7% to 4.9% is deun1t. sulfurized using a mixture of carbon monoxide and ThC desulfurization iS generally effected in either 21 ch|0fine Runs 1 6 7 and 9 are not effected in accorkiln or a fluid bed. a rabbled multiple hearth type fur- 40 dance i h h ent i v ntion (Run 6 is effected mice or a fixed e it m ipl gaseous without ferruginous material or additive; Runs l and 7 lets. The choice of a suitable unit (the unit must be caare ff ted t too hi h ofa temperature; and Run 9 is pable of maintaining vapor type integrity) is deemed to effected with a promoting additive, but without ferrugibe within the scope of those skilled in the art. nous material).  
 TABLE I Gas Coke Mix Wt. &#34;/1 Composition Run Conditions Sulfur in -MOL T. F. Time at T. Hrs. Product Run Green Coke Taeonite Additive Percent (Coke) Coke 7t Cl -25 N. .-49.5 0 0.5 2 78 I4 8-(H2SO|) CO 12.5 1500 6.!) 07] C1. 12.5 N 74 0 1 1 243 14.4 3.6-Fe.(50.1;. CO 13 5 1500 6.0 0.42  
  (l- 12.5 1x.- 74 0. 1 4 x: 14.4 3.6-H. .SO CO 4 50 1500 4.0 0.47  
  CI. 50 5 x: 14.4 3.6-Ft-. .(sO.1.. co 4 33 1500 4.0 0.47  
  C1. 33 N. 325 o. 1.0 6 100 C0 15 1500 4.0 3.15  
  Cl: l5 N2 (19 0. 1 7 x1 14.3 4.7-11. ,so CO 5 1900 3.5 1.74  
 TABLE 1- Continued (ias Coke Mix Wt 2 Composition Run Conditions Sulfur in M01. T. F. Time at T. Hrs. Product Run Green Coke Taconite Additive Percent (Coke) Coke i Cl: 7 13.5 so. 12.5 is 4 l 1 h 81 14.4 3.(\&#39;H- -S() CO l5 l5ll0 4 0A&#34; (&#39;1.. 1s 1&#39;\&#39; 70 9 a: 8-H. .SO, (o I5 1500 4 24 (I is N 7o EXAMPLE H For possible use in carbon and graphite manufacture.  
  Coal 100 percent 10 mesh) is contacted with the gaseous reactantin a fixed bed in a tubular reactor as wherein the ash content of the coke should be less than one percent, the coke after desulfurization is washed reported in Table ll. The coal is Illinois N0. 6 having and magnetically separated to meet the necessary 4.177( sulfur and the space velocities are in the order of l to 3. Run 4 is not effected in accordance with the invention.  
 fur and ash requirements.  
 Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teach- TABLE ll Coal Mix wt, 7: Gas Composition Run Conditions Sulfur in Run Coal Additive Mol Percent T. F. Time at T. Hrs. Product. 71  
 (Coke? l 100 CO 12.5 1500 4 0.4  
  Cl. 12.5 N. 74 0.: I 2 100 CO 12.5 1500 4 0.5  
  C1 12.5 N. 75 3 90 l0-H .SO CO A 12.5 1500 4 0.26  
  c1 12.5 N. 74 0 s 1 4 100 1500 4 1.25  
  The present invention is particularly advantageous in that a coke having a sulfur content of no greater than 0.85%, and preferably no greater than 0.5%, may be produced from a wide variety of feedstocks having a. wide variety of sulfur contents including those having sulfur contents of 4 percent or greater.  
  The process of the present invention, depending on the initial sulfur content of the feedstock employed in producing the coke, is capable of providing greater than 90% desulfurization of feedstocks having sulfur contents of 4% and greater.  
  For fuel applications. the desulfurized coke from the above treatment may be burned directly as a pulverized fuel with the potential of satisfying anti-pollution requirements with no further precautions. Depending on the non-ferruginous additive employed, some benefit may derive from first washing the coke to remove any residual water soluble additives from the coke. lfa lowash fuel is required, magnetic separation will effect the elimination of residual ferruginous materials.  
  When applied as a reductant where ferruginous values are indigenous to the process. this desulfurized coke, after particle size and temperature adjustment can be added directly to the pelletizers to adjust the integral carbon in the pellets to the level required for high or moderately high prereduction, permitting attainment of the desired sulfur levels in the finished pellets.  
 ings and, therefore. within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be described otherwise than as particularly described.  
 What is claimed:  
 1. A process for desulfurizing coke. comprising:  
 contacting the coke with a desulfurizing gas comprising a member selected from the group consisting of phosgene and a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine, said contacting being effected at a coke temperature from l200F. to l800F. for a time sufficient to produce a coke with a sulfur content of no greater than 0.85%. said coke being admixed with a ferruginous material comprising a member selected from the group consisting of oxides of iron, iron and mixtures thereof for desulfurizing a coke prepared from petroleum and non-pyrites containing coal feedstocks.  
  2. The process of claim 1 wherein the coke which is 0 desulfurized is produced from a petroleum feedstock 4. The process of claim 3 wherein the coke temperature is from 1400F. to 1800F.  
  5. The process of claim 4 wherein the ferruginous material is present in a ferruginous material to coke weight ratio from 5:95 to 25:75.  
  6. The process of claim 5 wherein the desulfurizing gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine.  
  7. The process of claim 6 wherein the desulfurizing promoter is present in an amount from about 1% to about 871. by weight. of the coke.  
  8. The process of claim 1 wherein the coke which is desulfurized is produced from a pyrites containing coal feedstock.  
  9. The process of claim 8 wherein the coke is admixed with a desulfurizing additive comprising a member selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid. ferric sulfate and mixtures thereof.  
  10. The process of claim 9 wherein the coke contacting temperature is from l400F. to 1800F.  
  11. The process of claim 10 wherein the desulfurizing gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine.  
  [2. The process ofclaim 10 wherein the desulfurizing additive is present in an amount from about 1% to about 8%. by weight. of the coke.  
  13. The process of claim 12 wherein the coke is further admixed with a desulfurizing amount of a ferruginous material selected from the group consisting of oxides of iron. iron and mixtures thereof.  
  14. The process of claim 7 wherein the coke is maintained at a temperature from 1400F to 1800F to produce a coke having a sulfur content of no greater than 0.8571.  
  15. The process of claim 14 wherein the ferruginous material admixed with coke has a particle size of mesh with at least 50% being 325 mesh.  
  16. The process of claim 11 wherein the coke is maintained at a temperature from 1400F to 1800F to produce a coke having a sulfur content of no greater than 0.85%.  
  17. The process of claim 13 wherein the ferruginous material has a particle size of 100 with at least 50% being 325 mesh.