Inverting liner pressurized tank
United States Patent [1 1 Lamkin 1 1 INVERTING LINER PRESSURIZED TANK [75] lnventor; James E. Lamkin, Tulsa, Okla.  
 [73] Assignees. Lee Roy Denham, Tulsa; Jack L.  
 Spradling, Bixby. both of. Okla part interest to each [22] Filed: Feb. 26, 1973 [21] Appl No: 335,830  
 1158.296 11/1964 Cornelius i i l i A ZZZ/386.5 3,225,967 12/1965 Hcmgartnerw 222/95 X $592,360 7/1971 Aleck 222/95 Primary Examiner-Robert B. Reeves Assistant Examiner-Larry H, Martin [57] ABSTRACT This disclosure describes a tank for holding water or 1 Apr. s, 1975 other liquid under a selected range of pressure. It comprises a tank with a top opening and means to close and seal the top, with conduit meanspenetrating the top for the entry and discharge of liquid from the tank. The tank is lined with an impervious flexible cylindrical liner which is closed at the bottom and open at the top and is fastened by sealing over the top opening of the tank. Air or other gas is injected into the tank below the inverting liner so that the liquid is maintained at a pressure equal to that of the gas below the liner. The liner is of larger diameter than the tank and is held in intimate contact with the tank by the internal pressure of the liquid inside the liner when in the extended position and by the gas pressure when the liner is in the inverted position. In one version a condensible gas such as Freon, of a selected composition is injected into the tank below the level of the liner instead of air or other noncondensible gas. Freon, being a gas condensible at ambient temperatures, can provide a pressure which is substantially constant depending on the temperature. and can vary in volume in accordance with the space provided below the water.  
 12 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawings and in particular to This invention lies in the field of pressurized water or FIG. 1 there is shown a pressurized water tank of this other liquid storage tanks. More particularly it is concerned with pressurized water tanks which include a flexible impervious liner inside of the water tank so that the water is maintained in contact with the liner, and out of contact with the shell of the tank. The water is also separated from the gas.  
  An improved embodiment of this invention utilizes a gas condensible at ambient temperatures instead of a noncondensible gas, so that there is a lesser range in pressure as the gas is compressed and therefore the water can occupy an increasingly large part of the internal volume of the tank.  
  In the prior art there has been shown pressurized water storage tanks in which the water is separated from a pressurized gas by a flexible diaphragm, or by containment of the water in a loose bag resting on bottom. In the use of air, for example, or other type of permanent gas, as the volume of water increases on one side of the diaphragm the volume of gas on the other side decreases and the pressure in the gas can rise rapidly providing a restriction to the further increase in volume of water. Thus, when the tank is almost empty of water the permanent gas provides an unsatisfactorily low pressure, when the tank is almost filled with water the permanent gas provides too high a pressure.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention varies from the prior art in the use of a liner diaphragm of thin flexible material which is larger in diameter than the tank, so that while under internal pressure it is constricted by the tank walls to retain the liner diaphragm in place, preventing collapse, and allowing a controlled inverting action. Thus, it is possible to place the tank in any position with water located either at the top or the bottom of the tank. The use of a thin membrane is economical as compared to one thick enough to be self-supporting.  
  This invention also varies from the prior art in the use of a condensible gas, such as Freon, in place ofthe permanent gas, so that as the tank becomes filled with water and the gas space becomes smaller and smaller, as the pressure in the gas increases, it will condense and still maintain a suitable back pressure against the water. Thus it is possible to utilize a far greater fraction of the volume of the tank for water, when a condensible gas is used, than when a permanent gas is used. Thus a smaller size of tank can store an equal volume of water when used with a condensible gas than can be stored in a much larger tank when pressurized with a permanent gas.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of this invention.  
  FIG. 2 illustrates the use of the pressurized tank of this invention.  
  FIG. 3 illustrates an improved version of the water storage tank.  
 FIG. 4 shows a detail of FIG. 3.  
  FIG. 5 shows a characteristic of Freon as one of the many condensible gases that might be used in the apparatus of this invention.  
 invention indicated generally by the numeral 10. This is a closed, sealed cylindrical tank having a cylindrical side wall 20 and top 18 and bottom 22. There is a large opening at the top which as shown in FIG. 4 can be sealed with a cover plate 34 through which a pipe passes so that liquid can be introduced into and withdrawn from the inside of the tank.  
  The tank is normally buried in the earth and may rest upon a foundation 26 for example. Cylindrical tubular means 40 are provided to protect the top of the tank from the caving of earth. This tubular portion 40 may be covered with a plate 42 at the surface 12 of the earth 14. A valve means 32 is provided through which the tank can be pressurized with a condensible gas prior to its burial inside of the earth.  
  In FIG. 2 is shown one way in which this pressurized tank can be used. It shows the tank submerged in the earth. A cover plate 34 has a pipe connected to the tee 38 which passes through the cover plate 34 into the tank. A horizontal line 36 leads to a pump 44 with motor 46 which draws water in through a vertical pipe 48 in accordance with the arrow 50 or it may draw water in from a horizontal pipe 52 leading to a distant source of water, the water moving in the direction of the arrow 54. The pump pulling in the water from means 48 or 52 discharges it horizontally through line 36 into the tank from which it can be drawn back to the tee 38 and go in either direction of the pipes 36 or 37 to serve users of the water.  
  FIG. 3 shows in more detail the construction of the tank in cross section. There is a flexible tubular liner 26 which is of a diameter slightly greater than the inner diameter of the tank. It is closed off on the bottom by a transverse sheet 27.  
  By reference to FIG. 4 it is seen that the liner 26 snugly fits the upper portion of the tank and passes through the opening 62 and is spread out as a gasket 64 to seal the cover plate 34, which is held down by means of bolts 66.  
  There is an inner wall 58 which is closely spaced 60 from the cylindrical wall of the tank 10. This inner wall is welded to the top of the tank at point 61. The annular space 60 is connected with the space below the diaphragm or liner, indicated by numeral 28, which is the space into which the Freon is injected through valve 32. The purpose of the inner wall and the space 60 is to provide a large area of contact between the Freon inside the tank, and the earth outside the tank, so that the Freon will have a good heat transfer path to derive heat from the earth in order to evaporate, and increase its volume as the pressure drops, and vice versa, to give off heat to the earth as the pressure is increased and its volume decreases.  
  The cylindrical wall 26 of the liner is of a diameter which is approximately 10 percent greater than the inner diameter of the tank or of the inner wall 58. This greater diameter is provided so that when the tank is filled with water there is an internal pressure forcing the liner against the outer wall. The liner will be compressed and therefore will have a tendency to cling to the wall, and not collapse, as the pressure is reduced. This feature permits using a much thinner liner than would otherwise be necessary if the liner was to be supported by its own thickness and stiffness. The liners that can be used in this invention can be as thin as 0.030 inches up to 0.060 inches for tanks four to seven feet in diameter, and propertionately less for tanks of lesser diameter, with a consequent saving in material of the liner. The liner can be made of any rubber-like material that is elastic and compressible. A preferred material is acrylonitrile rubber.  
  The liner is installed in the tank in a fully inverted position and the tank is then charged by inserting air or other gas below the liner. Once the tank is charged with gas the liner can only be extended by liquid forced into the liner. This is because a liquid is required to lubricate and separate the surfaces of the inverted liner which are in intimate contact due to the inverting of the liner and the compression of the liner within the tank walls.  
  In FIG. 4 is shown in some detail the pipes 36 and 37 leading to the tee 38 with an entry pipe 70 going through the cover plate 34 to a terminal arrangement 72. This is an inverted feature attached to the bottom surface of the top plate, with a plurality of very narrow slots through which water can flow into and out of the tank. By making these slots narrow the pressure of the gas against the bottom of the liner cannot force it into the openings 70 and therefore there is no danger of perforating the liner, which would be the case if these openings were on the bottom face of the cup 72 for example, and particularly if they were of substantial width.  
  While this invention can be used with various types of condensible gases for a number of reasons it has been found that Freon is a desirable gas for this purpose. In particular, mixtures of Freon l2 and Freon 21 provide a satisfactory characteristic of pressure, at the temperature range that might be encountered in the earth at the depth of burial of the tank. In FIG. 5 there is shown a characteristic diagram of the mixture of Freon l2 and Freon 21. The horizontal axis gives the Mo] percent Freon 12 in the mixture of Freon l2 and Freon 21. The pressure is shown on the ordinate. Examining the curve 76 labelled liquid, it is seen that if a pressure of 70 pounds per square is desired, a horizontal line 80 is drawn from the ordinate at point 84 corresponding to 70 psi to the liquid line, and then vertically as line 82 down through to bottom line at point 86. This indicates a Mol percent of Freon 12 of approximately 47 percent to obtain a mixture which would provide a pressure of 70 psi when all of the mixture is condensed and 58 psi when all the mixture is vaporized, at a temperature of approximately 74 F.  
  Similar diagrams can be drawn for other gas mixtures such as Freon 12 with Freon 22, for example. These gases are well known in industry and are available on the market. Their pressure versus temperature characteristics are well known. For the curves shown in FIG. 5 the relationship of pressure to M0] percent for the liquid and the gas are given more precisely by the follow ing equations:  
 Where P and P are the corresponding vapor and liquid pressures, and the M01 percent is of Freon 12 in a mixture with Freon 21.  
  These relationships are well known, and a mixture can be easily designed for use in the apparatus of this invention covering any pressure and temperature range desired.  
  In FIG. 3 the inverted portion of the liner 27 is shown of lesser diameter than the portion 26. This is only for purposes of illustration, and in actual operation the gas pressure inside the inverted portion will force the walls outwardly into intimate contact with the portion 26 of the liner. The water or other liquid inside the liner will provide lubrication for the portions sliding against each other.  
  While the invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity it is manifest that many changes may be made in the details of construction and the arrangement of components. It is understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein by way of exemplifying the invention, but the invention is to be limited only by the scope of the attached claim or claims, including the full range of equivalency to which each element or step thereof is entitled.  
 What is claimed:  
  1. An inverting liner pressurized liquid tank comprising:  
 a. a pressure tight tank open at the top and closure means to close said opening, an inner wall inside said tank sealed to said tank at its top edge and providing an annular space between said inner wall and said tank;  
 b. a tubular flexible, compressible, impermeable inverting liner closed off with a transverse wall at the bottom, and open at the top, adapted while subjected to internal pressure to snugly fit against the inside surface of said tank and said inner wall, the open top of said liner sealed around said top opening of said tank;  
 c. conduit means through said closure means for admitting a flow of water into and out of said liner; and  
 d. means to inject a condensible gas, of a selected pressure versus temperature relation, to provide a selected pressure range over a selected tempera ture range, into said tank below the bottom of said liner.  
 2. The tank as in claim 1 in which said condensible gas if Freon.  
  3. The tank as in claim 2 in which said Freon is Freon 12 intermixed with Freon 21.  
  4. The tank as in claim 2 in which said Freon is Freon l2 intermixed with Freon 22.  
  5. The tank as in claim 1 in which the diameter of said liner is approximately l0 percent greater than the internal diameter of said tank and said wall whereby under internal pressure said liner will be compressed and will be supported from collapsing.  
  6. The tank as in claim I in which said liner is of a thickness in the range of 0.030 inches to 0.060 inches.  
  7. The tank as in claim 1 in which said liner is made of rubber like material.  
  8. The tank as in claim 1 in which said liner is made of acrylonitrile rubber.  
  9. An inverting liner pressurized liquid tank comprising:  
 a. a pressure tight tank open at the top and closure means to close said opening, an inner wall inside said tank sealed to said tank at its top edge and providing an annular space between said inner wall and said tank;  
 b. a tubular, flexible, compressible, impermeable inverting liner closed off with a transverse wall at the bottom, and open at the top, the diameter of said liner larger in diameter than said tank, and adapted while subjected to internal pressure to snugly fit against the inside surface of said tank and said inner wall, the open top of said liner sealed around said top opening of said tank;  
 c. conduit means through said closure means for admitting a flow of liquid into and out of said liner; and  
 d. means to inject a selected gas, of a selected pressure versus temperature relation, to provide a selected pressure range over a selected temperature range, into said tank below the bottom of said liner.  
  10. The tank as in claim 9 in which the diameter of said liner is approximately 10 percent greater than the internal diameter of said tank and said wall, whereby under internal pressure said liner will be compressed and will be supported from collapsing.  
  I]. The tank as in claim 9 in which said selected gas is a noncondensible gas.  
  12. The tank as in claim 9 in which said selected gas is a mixture of selected proportion of two compatible condensible gases each having a different pressure versus temperature relation such that the binary mixture of the selected components will have the desired pressure versus temperature relation.  
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