Cascade image intensifier tube with independently sealed sections
United States Patent 4 1191 McGee Apr. 1, 1975 l l CASCADE IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE WITH INDEPENDENTLY SEALED SECTIONS [75] Inventor: James Dwyer McGee, London,  
 England [73] Assignee: Electron Physics Limited, Surrey,  
 England [22] Filed: Nov. 22, 1972 I [21] Appl. No.: 308,723  
 Primary E.\&#39;atizinerRobert Segal Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mam &amp; Jangarathis [57] ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data A cascade image intensifier is provided with a mica Nov. 24. 197! United Kingdom ()54553/71 sheet extending across the interior of the tube and sealed to it to separate electrically each stage. A phos- 152 US. Cl. 313/96, 313/102 P Screen of one Stage is formed on one Side o the 1511 1111.131 1. l-l0lj 39/18, HOlj 39/14 mica Sheet n a Photoeathode of the next Siege is [58] Field of Search 313/102, 96. 94, 97, 98, formed on the other Side- The Photoeathode y be at 313/1 1 a much lower potential than the phosphor screen on the other side of the sheet. This allows electrons to be [56] References Ci accelerated in cascade without the use of very high UNITED STATES PATENTS Voltages- 2.25x294 10/1941 Luhszynski ct 313/101 x 4Claims, 4 Drawing Figures \\&#39;IIIII&#39;I &#39;I&#39; EUAPR 1 1975 [ZEHT FIGQ.  
 FIG.1.  
 FIGS.  
 FIG!  
 CASCADE IMAGE INTENSIFIER TUBE WITH INDEPENDENTLY SEALED SECTIONS This invention relates to a photoelectronic image intensifier tube.  
  An image intensifier tube has been proposed which comprises several similar sections each having a plane photocathode spaced a few inches from a plane parallel hosphor screen deposited on a transparent membrane mounted inside a continuous vacuum tube. A transparent photocathode is deposited on the other side of this membrane and begins the next stage of the intensifier. The photoelectrons from the photocathode are accelerated by a potential difference of about kV and focused on to the phosphor screen by a uniform axial magnetic field.  
  The fluorescent light produced by this electron image passes through the thin membrane and liberates an increased number of electrons from the second stage photocathode. These are in turn accelerated and focused on to the next intensifying screen. In a typical intensifier this is done three times.  
  Although a potential difference of IO to kV is applied between the photocathode and screen of each stage, it is not practicable with the previously proposed tube to use the same potentials relative to earth on the photoeathodes and phosphor screens since it would result in a potential difference of the same amount l0 to l5 kV) across the membrane between any two stages. This may produce electrical breakdown between the phosphor screen of one stage and the photocathode of the next stage. It is therefore necessary to apply increasing potentials to successive stages. This results in an overall potential of to 45 kV on a three-stage tube. This is inconvenient, difficult to control, expensive, heavy and can be hazardous.  
  According to the present invention there is provided an image intensifier tube comprising a first photocathode fortned on an input window; a first phosphor screen formed on an output window; and at least one intermediate stage formed by a transparent insulating sheet extending across the interior of the tube and forming a barrier electrically isolating parts of the tube on either side of the sheet, and a seocnd phosphor screen formed on a first side of the sheet and a second photocathode formed on a second side of the sheet.  
  The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:  
  FIG. I is a longitudinal section through a part of a photoelectronic cascade image intensifier tube;  
  FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the part of the tube shown in FIG. 1;  
  FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic drawing of the image intensifier showing the wiring arrangement; and  
  FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through a part of a second form of cascade image intensifier tube.  
  The part of the tube shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises two soda-lime glass cylinders l and 2 placed endto-entl. A sheet of high quality mica 3 is sealed between the two adjacent cylinders 1, 2 and arranged to extend a suitable distance such as H) mm beyond the external walls of the cylinders. Owing to the use of soda-lime glass, which has a coefficient of expansion close to that of mica. these cylinders can be sealed to the mica by means of a low melting point solder glass to provide an air-tight connection. The mica sheet 3 will stand a voltage of about 10 kV across its thickness.  
  A phosphor screen 4 is deposited on one side of the mica sheet 3 and a photocathode 5 is deposited on the other side.  
  To form a cascade image intensifier, a series of such parts are placed end-to-end, sealed and evacuated as shown in FIG. 3. This shows two mica sheets 8 and 11 although more may be provided with input and output windows 6 and 15.  
  In operation, electrons are emitted from a primary photocathode 6 on the inner surface of a glass end window, held at earth potential and accelerated towards a phosphor screen 7 deposited on a mica sheet 8 and held at z l0 kV with respect ot the photocathode 6. The electrons are focused on the screen 7 with the aid of an axial magnetic field B produced by a coil or permanent magnet array 14. Light is emitted at points where electrons impinge on the screen 7 and causes photoemission from a second photocathode 9 held at earth potential on the other side of the mica sheet 8. The electrons thus emitted are accelerated towards a second phosphor screen 10 held at l() kV and cause light emission at points where electrons strike the screen 10. These electrons in the second stage are also accelerated through 10 kV but owing to the IO kV potential difference across the mica sheet 8, it is not necessary to raise the potential of the next screen in the tube beyond 10 kV. As many stages may be provided as is desired. In FIG. 3 a third photocathode 12 is shown deposited on a mica screen 11. A final phosphor screen 15 is provided on a glass window at the end of the tube.  
  The phosphor screen 7, 10, 15 are shown connected to a common l0 kV power supply 13, while the photocathodes 6. 9 and 12 are connected to earth. Alternativcly the photocathodes may be held at IO kV and the phosphor screens at earth potential, if required.  
  In the arrangement shown&#39;in FIG. 4. a borosilicate glass cylinder 19 forms part of an image intensifier tube. A mica sheet 16 is sandwiched between two borosilicate glass washers 20, 21 so as to form a barrier electrically isolating parts of the tube on either side of the sheet. The washers 20, 21 are sealed to the internal wall of the cylinder 19.  
  A phosphor screen 17 and a photocathode 18 are formed on a limited area of respective opposite sides of the mica sheet 16.  
  This arrangement forms part of an image intensifier similar to that shown in FIG. 3. It is however no longer necessary for the mica sheet to extend beyond the external walls of the tube. Connections to the phosphor screen and the photocathode may be taken through the glass cylinder 19.  
  The described tubes provide a cheaper and safer image intensifier tube since a voltage supply producing 40 or kV as is necessary with conventional tubes is no longer required.  
 I claim:  
  1. An image intensifier tube comprising an evacuated enclosure; an input window and an output window forming parts of said enclosure, said evacuated enclosure having impervious walls extending between said input and output windows; a first photocathode formed on the input window; a first phosphor screen formed on the output window; and at least one intermediate stage formed by a transparent insulating sheet extending across the interior of the tube and forming a gas-tight seal with the walls of the tube, said sheet extending completely across the interior of the tube and projecting beyond its external walls to provide a barrier&#39;electrically isolating parts of the tube on either side of the sheet from substantial potential differentials, a second phosphor screen formed on a first side of said sheet and a second photocathode formed on a second side of said sheet. 1  
  2. The image intensifier tube ofclaim l, in which the insulating sheet is mica.  
  3. The image intensifier tube of claim 1. in which the tube is of soda-lime glass and a low-melting point solder glass is provided to seal the mica to the tube.  
  4. An image intensifier tube comprising an evacuated enclosure; an input window and an output window forming parts of said enclosure, said evacuated enclosure having impervious walls exending between said 4 input and output windows; afirst photocathode formed on the input window; a first phosphor screen formed on the output window; and at least one intermediate stage formed by a transparent insulating sheet extending across the interior of the tube and a pair of washers, said pair of washers being sealed to the internal walls of said tube and sandwiching the periphery of said insulating sheet therebetween to form gas-tight seal with the walls of the tube, said insulating sheet providing a barrier electrically isolating parts of the tube on either side ofthe sheet from substantial potential differentials, a second phosphor screen formed on a first side of said sheet and a second photocathode formed on a second side of said sheet, said tube and said washers being of borosilieate glass.