Quartz crystal timepiece having tuning capacitor device
0 United States Patent 11 1 1111 3,878,408 Nemoto Apr. 15, 1975 QUARTZ CRYSTAL TIMEPIECE HAVING [56] References Cited TUNING CAPACITOR DEVICE UNITED STATES PATENTS [75] Inventor: lsao Nem to, Suwa, apan 1,396,030 11/1921 Dubilier., 317/249 R 1,616,832 2 1927 Sprague 317 249 R [73] Asslgnee&#39; Kabush&#39;lfl f suw-a sekosha 2,858,490 10/1958 Simkulet C1 211...... 317/249 R Tokyo Jdpd&#34; 3,404,298 10/1968 Roberts 310/819 3.737.805 6/1973 Shimodaira et a1..... 317/249 R [22] 1973 3,754,152 8/1973 Koehlcr 3lO/8.| [21 Appl. No.: 348,574  
  Primary Examiner-Mark O. Budd 30 Foreign Appncation priority Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Blum, Moscovitz, Friedman Apr. 6, 1972 Japan 47-33839 Kdplm May 2, 1972 Japan 47-44026 [57] ABSTRACT 152] Cl 310/8-1; 310/89; 317/249 R; The oscillator circuit of a quartz crystal timepiece is 331/116 R; 331/158; 58/23 V provided with a tuning capacitor device consisting of a [51] 1111. C1 H0lv 7/00 stepped variable Capacitor d a continuously Variable [58] Field Of Search 310/8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.9; capacitor Connected in parallel with each other and in 4 331/116 R, 176, 179, 158-164; 317/249 R; series with Said quartz crystal.  
 58/23 TF, 23 V 3 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAPR 1 5mm 3, 878,408  
  /Q/OR ART PATENTEUAPR 1 5|975 sum 2 0 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to quartz crystal timepieces. and in particular. to the oscillator circuits thereof. The regulation of the accuracy of such timepieces is achieved by adjusting the capacitance of a capacitor connected in series with the quartz crystal. Over the passage of time. and due to shocks. quartz crystal timepieces require such regulation. In the art. the use of continuously variable capacitors for such regulation has been proposed. However. a continuously variable capacitor of sufficient size would generally be of the rotary type and would occupy too large a space for a practical electronic wrist watch. It has been further suggested to overcome this disadvantage. to replace the single large&#39;sized continuously variable capacitor by a relatively small-sized continuously variable capacitor and a fixed capacitor. However. this approach requires the changing of the fixed capacitor to obtain the range of adjustment required. a costly and inconvenient approach. By providing a stepped variable capacitor connected in parallel with a continuously variable capacitor. the foregoing disadvantages are avoided.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Generally speaking. in accordance with the invention. a quartz crystal timepiece is provided with a continuously variable capacitor. a stepped variable capacitor connected in parallel with said continuously variable capacitor. said parallel combination being connected in series with the quartz crystal. The capacitance difference between respective steps of the stepped variable capacitor is not more than the maxi mum variable capacitance of the continuously variable capacitor.  
  Said stepped and continuously variable capacitors may be formed as a unit. sharing at least one common electrode.  
  Accordingly. it is an object of the invention to provide a simple mechanism for adjusting the oscillating period of a quartz oscillator to thereby adjust the accuracy of a quartz crystal timepiece.  
  A further object ofthe invention is to provide a compact variable capacitor having a large variable capacitance range.  
  Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification and drawings.  
  The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction. combinations of elements. and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth. and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a fuller understanding of the invention. reference is had to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. in which:  
  FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram ofa prior art quartz crystal oscillating circuit;  
  FIG. 2 is a plot of the relation between oscillating period T of a quartz oscillator and capacitance C of a capacitor in the quartz oscillating circuit;  
  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a further prior art quartz crystal oscillator circuit;  
  FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a quartz crystal oscillator circuit in accordance with the invention;  
  FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the variable capacitor of FIG. 4: and  
  FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the variable capacitor of FIG. 5.  
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring first to FIG. I. the prior art quartz oscillating circuit depicted includes a quartz crystal vibrator X. the oscillation of which is sustained by a driving circuit consisting ofa transistor Tr having a load inductor L connected to the collector thereof. A battery 8 is connected between the emitter of said transistor and said load inductor. A base resistor R is connected between the base of said transistor and said load inductor. One terminal of said quartz crystal oscillator is connected to the base of said transistor while a second terminal is connected to the collector of said transistor. A variable tuning capacitor C is connected between a third terminal of said oscillator and the emitter of said transistor.  
  As shown in FIG. 2. the oscillating period T of the quartz crystal varies with the capacitance C in a known manner. The regulation of the accuracy of the time piece within a limited range. for example within a 5- second monthly rate. is performed by varying the capacitance of capacitor C. taking advantage of the C-T relation depicted in FIG. 2. As indicated in FIG. 2. capacitor C must have a large range to render usable a quartz oscillator or a circuit element having a period of oscillation significantly different from the desired period. In the art. variable capacitor C was generally a continuously variable capacitor. Such continuously variable capacitors are generally of the rotary type. but a large-sized continuously variable capacitor of the rotary type and having a large capacitance range cannot be utilized in a small-sized instrument such as an electronic wrist watch due to the area available.  
  One proposed prior art solution to this problem is illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein an oscillator circuit identical to the circuit of FIG. 1 as depicted. except that the single variable capacitor C is replaced by the parallel combination of a fixed capacitor C&#39; and a variable capacitor C The values would be selected to bear a relation to the quartz crystal and other circuit elements. However. if the oscillating period of the oscillator varies greatly due to the dropping of the watch. the fixed capacitor C must be replaced by a different fixed capacitor ofa different value. The latter approach is burdensome and costly. both from the point of view of initial manufacture and post-sale service. The difficulties in manufacture are caused by the necessity of mounting the fixed capacitor so that it can be readily removed. while positioning the variable capacitor so that it can be readily adjusted. These criteria increase the number of parts required. as well as making it difficult to distribute the parts within the timepiece. Further. a large number of fixed capacitors of various values must be provided to the service men. further increasing costs.  
  Referring now to FIG. 4. the oscillator circuit for incorporation in quartz crystal timepieces in accordance with the invention is depicted. In place of the continuously variable capacitor C of FIG. I, or the parallel combination of the continuously variable capacitor C I and fixed capacitor C of FIG. 3. The circuit in accordance with the invention is provided with the parallel connection of a continuously variable capacitor C 2 and a stepped variable capacitor C&#34;. which parallelele ments are connected in series with the quartz crystal X.  
  As mentioned above. while a continuously variable capacitor of the rotary type is generally limitedto a circular shape. thereby limiting the size which can be mounted within a wrist watch of limited space. a stepped variable capacitor is not limited in its shape. For this reason. a stepped variable capacitor having a large variable range of capacitance can be readily assembled in the limited space of a wrist watch by effective utilization of such space. If the capacitance difference of each step of the stepped variable capacitor C&#34; is set at less than the maximum variable capacitance of the continuously variable capacitor C the capacitance of the combined arrangement can be continuously varied over a large range. resulting in easy regulation of timing of the timepiece. Since only a single type of stepped variable capacitor is required for all possible capacitor settings. the above-mentioned problems encountered in connection with the use of the fixed eapacitor C are not found in the arrangement in accordance with the invention.  
  Further. the arrangement offers the further advantage over the embodiment of FIG. I wherein a large continuously variable capacitor is provided. Such continuously variable capacitors are subject to changes in value when subjected to vibration or shock. thereby effecting the accuracy of the timepiece. The larger the continuously variable capacitor. the greater the variation in capacitance caused by vibration and shock. However. in the arrangement in accordance with the invention. the continuously variable capacitor is of a relatively small value so that the accuracy of the quartz crystal wrist watch incorporating such a device is stabilized and the adjustments required to compensate for changes in value of the variable capacitor due to vibration and shock can be readily made without inconvenience.  
  To further simplify the construction of a quartz crys tal timepiece incorporating the oscillator circuit in accordance with the invention, it is desirable to provide a unified variable capacitor consisting of said continuously variable capacitor and stepped variable capacitor for the purposes of making the best use of the features of this arrangement in simplifying watch assembly and maintenance. Referring to FIGS. and 6, one embodiment of such a unified variable capacitor in accordance with the invention is depicted. Said unified capacitor is provided with a base plate I on which is deposited a lower electrode 2 of the stepped variable capacitor portion electrically connected with the lower electrode 7 of the continuously variable capacitor portion. A layer of dielectric 3 is deposited on lower electrode 2, and three upper electrodes of different areas are mounted on the upper surface of dielectric 3 to form said stepped variable capacitor. A switching electrode terminal 5 is frictionally engaged between a rotary shaft 6 and a dielectric block of a continuously variable capacitor so that a portion thereof may be selectively engaged against one of the three upper electrodes 4 of the stepped variable capacitor portion. Rotary shaft 6 is mounted for rotation on base plate 1 and is formed of metal to provide a part of the electrical circuit. An upper electrode 9 having the shape of onehalf of a donut is mounted on dielectric block 8 in-electrical engagement with rotary shaft 6 and separated from lower electrode 7 by a portion of said dielectric. Both upper electrode 9 and rotary block 8 rotate as a unit about the axis defined by rotary shaft 6 together. with said rotary shaft to continuously and selectively adjust the area of upper electrode 9 in overlapping relation with lower electrode 7. The portion of lower electrode 7 in registration with dielectricblock 8 also has the shape of one-half of a donut. the balance of the surface of base plate 1 in registration with dielectric block 8 being exposed and free of a lower electrode.  
  As noted above. lower electrodes 7 and 2 are electrically connected. and an external terminal 10 is electrically connected thereto. An external terminal 11 is electrically connected to rotary shaft 6, and through said rotary shaft to upper electrodes 4 and 9 of the stepped variable capacitor portion and continuously variable capacitor portion of the device.  
  Thus. in the compact variable capacitor of FIGS. 5 and 6. the capacitance of the stepped variable capacitor portion is varied according to the positioning of switching electrode terminal 5. while that of the continuously variable capacitor portion is varied to the rotation of rotary shaft 6. In other words. the capacitance can be widely varied through the operation of said two components. The entire device may be connected to the remaining circuitry of the oscillator through terminals l0 and 11. and can be permanently fixed in the circuit by soldering or the like without the necessity for screws. pins or the like as a connecting means between terminals 10 and ll and the balance of the oscillator circuit. The variable capacitor in accordance with the invention need not be removed from the timepiece during normal service due to the wide range of adjustment incorporated therein.  
  Accordingly. it can be seen that the unified variable capacitor in accordance with the invention overcomes the advantages in the prior art. and when utilized in a quartz crystal wrist watch or the like. offers meaningful advantages in design. manufacture. and post-sales service.  
  It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above. and those made apparent from the preceding description. are efficiently attained and. since certain changes may be made in the above constructions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.  
 It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described. and all statements of the scope of the invention which. as a matter of language. might be said to fall therebetween.  
 What is claimed is:  
 I. In a circuit particularly suited for producing oscilent area&#39;overlapping said lower electrodes. a rotatable electrically conductive first switch contact member selectively positionable in electrical engagement with one of said upper electrodes. and said continuouslyvariable capacitor being defined by an electrically conductive shaft rotatably mounted on said base plate out of electrical engagement with said first and second lower electrodes; a rotatable dielectric mounted for rotation with said shaft partly overlapping said second lower electrodes; a rotatable upper electrode supported by said rotatable dielectric in variable overlapping relation to said second lower electrode and electrically&#39; connected to shaft; said switch contact being supported by and