Monolithic acoustic surface wave amplifier device and method of manufacture
United States Patent Coldren et al.  
 MONOLITIIIC ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVE AMPLIFIER DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE Inventors: Larry A. Coldren, Palo Alto;  
 Gordon S. Kim, Stanford, both of Calif.  
 Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army, Washington, DC.  
 Filed: Dec. 6, 1973 Appl. No.2 422,494  
 Related U.S. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 243,434, April 12, 1972,  
 abandoned.  
 U.S. Cl. 427/87; 427/100; 357/26 Int. Cl B44d 1/14 Field of Search 310/82; 117/106 A, 201, 117/215, 217  
 1 51 Apr. 15, 1975 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,469,120 9/1969 Nagao 8t 81 117/317 3,480,484 ll/l969 Carroll et a1 117/215 3,543,058 ll/l970 Klemens 310/82 3,674,549 7/1972 Ohshita et a1 1 17/201 Primary Examiner-Cameron K. Weiffenbach Attorney, Agent, or FirmNathan Edelberg; Robert P. Gibson; Roy E. Gordon [5 7] ABSTRACT 1 Claim, No Drawings MONOLITI-IIC ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVE AMPLIFIER DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE CROSS REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION This is a division of application Ser. No. 243,434 filed Apr. 12, 1972, now abandoned.  
 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Heretofore, surface wave amplifiers have been comprised of a thin semiconductor film separated by an extremely small, uniform air gap from a piezoelectric surface. The difficulty with these amplifiers is that they are crucially limited in output power at moderate levels of gain, efficiency and noise figure.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The general object of this invention is to provide a surface wave amplifier having practical amplifier characteristics. A more specific object of this invention is to provide a surface wave amplifier with improved levels of gain, efficiency, noise, and output power.  
  The aforementioned objectives have been attained by providing a monolithic device in which the uniform air gap between piezoelectric and semiconductor materials is replaced with a dielectric layer, such as a layer of silicon oxide. The particular semiconductor used is a Ill-V material such as lnSb.  
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In this embodiment, the monolithic acoustic surface wave amplifier devices includes a LiNbO delay line as the piezoelectric substrate and InSb as the III-V semiconductor.  
  The delay line is first heated in vacuum to about 550 C. and then cooled to about 400C. A thin barrier layer of about 300 angstroms in thickness of silicon oxide is then deposited on the LiNbO delay line. A film of about 500 angstroms in thickness of lnSb is then deposited on the barrier layer at about 350 C. The III-V semiconductor film is then overcoated with a thin film of silicon oxide, and the device then annealed in an argon atmosphere at about 450 C. The device has useful gain from VHF to microwave and is capable of yielding 80dB/cm gain near the frequency of maximum gain at about lGHz.  
  The above described monolithic configuration gives more gain, is easier to mass fabricate, and is more reliable than previous separated semiconductor piezoelectric devices.  
  With the use of high mobility, low effective mass Ill-V semiconductors, such as InSb, films of about 500 angstroms in thickness provide sufficient mobility for the amplifiers operation. Such thin films give negligible mass loading and, hence, do not alter the disper sionless nature of the Rayleigh surface wave mode. Previous surface wave amplifier devices have never offered both high gain and low dispersion.  
  In lieu of the LiNbO delay line, other piezoelectric substrates may be used such as quartz, Bi GeO- or lead zinc titanates. Similarly, other III-V semiconductor materials may be used such as lnAs or GaAs.  
  The use of a thin SiO barrier layer between piezoelectric and semiconductor allows for the deposition of very thin layers of high quality semiconductors on an otherwise contaminating substrate. With III-V semiconductors of high mobility and low effective mass, one obtains useful drift mobilities with very thin layers resulting in a dispersionless device.  
  To obtain useable drive mobilities, it is necessary to anneal in argon at about 450 C. Before annealing, the InSb film is overcoated with a thin film of SiO to prevent antimony sublimation. The annealing promotes further crystallite growth and reduces the density of other defects.  
  We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.  
 What is claimed is:  
  1. Method of making a monolithic acoustic surface wave amplifier device, said method including the steps of A. heating a LiNbO delay line piezoelectric substrate in vacuum to a temperature about 550 C. and then cooling to about 400 C.  
 B. depositing a thin barrier layer of about 300 angstroms in thickness of silicon oxide on the piezoelectric substrate,  
 C. depositing a film of about 500 angstroms in thickness of InSb at about 350 C. on the barrier layer.  
 D. overcoating with a thin film of silicon oxide, and  
 E. annealing in argon at about 450 C.