Telomers, their preparation and their use
United States Patent [191 Couderc et al.  
 [451 Apr. 15, 1975 TELOMERS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE [75] Inventors: Pierre Couderc, Aix Noulette;  
 Daniel Roussel, Bully-les-Mines; Jean Croisier, Bethune, all of France [73] Assignee: Societe Chimique des Charbonnages C.d.F. Chimie, Paris, France 22 Filed: June 27,1972  
  21 Appl. No.: 266,675  
 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data June 29, 1971 France 71.23793 [52] US. Cl 260/340.7; 260/606 [51] Int. Cl.....,.,...r C07d 15/04; C07d 15/06 [58] Field of Search 260/3407 Primary Examinen-Alton D. Rollins Assistant Examiner-Jose Tovar 5 7] ABSTRACT 2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAPR 1 5 E175 onw 3w QSW cow 3% 8% 89w moon 8% cum on. 8w ow 3% Qqnv 08M TELOMERS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE The present invention relates to telomers based on vinyl acetate. a process for their preparation and their use., t I  
  Telomerisation is a reaction of a telogen YZ with several molecules of an unsaturated compound. called a taxogen, to form products of the formula Y(A.),,Z in which A denotes the divalent residue of a taxogen unit, this being a unit in which an ethylenic double bond has been opened. It is generally considered that, given that the polymerisation reaction of the unsaturated compound is carried out in the presence-of the telogen, the number n in the chemical formula of the product-obtained is relatively small.  
  The new telomers of the. present invention comprise at least by weight of l,3-dioxane groups of the formula O- Ch O and from 5 to by weight of chlorine, the remainder consisting principally of acetate groups of the formula The new telomers can be represented by an extended chemical formula such as X CI-I C&#39;H-CH -CH in which X is a chlorine atom, it being understood that the various groups and the chlorine atoms can be distributed randomly and that certain internal condensations can occur, which implies that the sum of the percentages of the various constituents&#39;named above (various groups and chlorine) can be less than 100.  
  The new telomers preferably have a limiting viscosity index (1 cm /g.) between 2 and 10, as determined in dimethylformamide at C.  
 The new telomers are prepared as follows:  
  A vinyl acetate telo&#39;rner is made by telomerising vinyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride in the presence of a polymerisation initiator. The degree of polymerisation &#34;/1 of chlorine (l) The product obtained is then reacted, in solution, with an oxidising agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide at to 75C in glacial acetic acid, in an amount substantially equal to 1 equivalent of free oxygen for l equivalent of chlorine contained in the telomer. The product thus obtained is then acetalised by treatment. in an inorganic acid medium with formaldehyde. The final product is recovered by neutralisation and precipitation&#39;.  
  In this process, the most delicate operation consists of replacing a certain number of acetate groups in the vinyl acetate telomer with 1,3-dioxane groups. Experience shows that a conventional acetalisation using formaldehyde, carried out in solution in the presence of an inorganic acid, does not lead to the desired product but to tarry products, as a result of extensive resinification.  
  This resinification is avoided in the present invention by introducing, at thesame time as the solvent, one equivalent of hydrogen peroxide per equivalent of chlorine present in the telomer to be treated. Under these conditions, acetalisation is rendered possible, and the final products have relatively high proportions of 1,3-dioxane groups, which can be as high as 30 to 40%.  
  The new telomers are useful for stabilising aqueous formaldehyde solutions. It is well known that, unless particular precautions are taken, concentrated aqueous formaldehyde solutions are not stable, in the sense that after being stored for a few hours, or at best for a few days, precipitation of undesirable polymers occurs. which renders these solutions cloudy. To reduce this precipitation, formaldehyde solutions must be stored at relatively high temperatures (50 to C. Other reactions then occur, such as the disproportionation of formaldehyde to yield formic acid and methanol, which is obviously not desirable.  
 &#39; To avoid these disadvantages, various stabilisers for cold aqueous formaldehyde solutions have been pro- CH CH CH --x The non-limiting Examples which follow illustrate the invention.  
 EXAMPLE I The synthesis of the telomer is carried out in the following manner:  
  850 g. of freshly distilled vinyl acetate. l50 g. of carbon tetrachloride and 8.5 g. of benzoyl peroxide are introduced simultaneously into a 6 litre flask, equipped with a stirrer and a temperature recording device and placed in a thermostatically controlled bath. The duration of polymerisation is 4 hours 30 minutes. under the following temperature conditions:  
  a. From to 30 minutes, the temperature in the reactor is gradually raised from to 70C;  
  b. from minutes to 3 hours 30 minutes, the temperature is kept between 70 and 75C; and  
  c. from 3 hours 30 minutes to 4 hours 30 minutes, the temperature is gradually raised to 85C.  
  By keeping to these working conditions. the reaction has no tendency to become violent and the extent of conversion of vinyl acetate into poly(vinyl acetate) is practically quantitative.  
  The polymer obtained is then dissolved, at 65C, in 2,964 g. of glacial acetic&#39;acid containing 432 g. of 1 10 volume strength hydrogen peroxide. 470 g. 0f47% formaldehyde solution and 60 g. of concentrated sulphuric acid (98%) are added to this solution. Acetalisation is carried out at 75C. The amount of l,3-dioxane groups formed increases up to 8 hours and then becomes stabilized.  
  After the reaction, 120 g. of concentrated ammonia are added and the polymer is then precipitated by pouring the final solution into 68 litres of water in the presence of 136 g. of sodium hydroxide.  
  After drying in vacuo and grinding, 500 g. ofa yellow ochre powder are obtained, the physico-chemical properties of which as a function of the acetalisation time are given in Table l below.  
  These products were characterised by infra-red spectrography. The spectra shown in the single FIGURE have the double advantage of confirming the presence of the groups determined by chemical means and of showing clearly the fundamental differences in structure which exist between these products (ll) and a conventional poly(vinyl-f0rmal) (l).  
  It will be noted that certain products according to the invention obviously contain *radicals&#34; other than those mentioned in Table I. This is particularly marked when the duration of acetalisation is relatively long (for example 16 hours) or the sum of the radicals determined represents only 77% of the total weight of the material. Although it is not known exactly what these non-determined radicals&#34; are, it is reasonable to suppose that they originate from intermolecular condensations or from various polymerisations.  
  All these polymers are very good stabilising agents for aqueous formaldehyde solutions. However, the best results were recorded with samples obtained after acetalisation times of between 6 and 10 hours.  
  The technique used to stabilise aqueous formaldehyde solutions is as follows:  
  The stabilising agent is first dissolved in a solvent, preferably methanol or methyl ethyl ketone, so as to obtain a solution containing approximately 1 to 5% of stabilising agent; this solution is then injected, with stirring and without additional precautions, into the formaldehyde solution to be stabilised.  
  The stabilisation conditions which have to be adhered to correspond to the following standards:  
 a. Stabilisation temperature 22C. and  
  b. duration of complete stability greater than or equal to l month.  
  For formaldehyde solutions of strength greater than 44%, this test is sufficiently rigorous to judge the efficiency of the stabilising agent. The samples of stabilising agent corresponding to acetalisation times of 10 hours make it possible to show that:  
  a. 6 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 44% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution;  
  b. 28 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 45% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution;  
  c. 50 &#39;ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 46% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution; and  
  d. 90 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 47% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution.  
 EXAMPLE 2 ln order to control the vinyl acetate polymerisation reaction more effectively, it is preferable to introduce the reactants gradually. The following technique may, for example, be used. 60 cm of a mixture consisting of 880 g. of freshly distilled vinyl acetate, 120 g. of carbon tetrachloride and 8.8 g. of benzoyl peroxide are introduced into a 6 litre reactor equipped with a stirrer. a temperature recording device and a pump which allows the reactants to be introduced, and which is placed in i a thermostatically controlled bath.  
  The initial temperature in the reactor is 72C. The temperature is gradually increased until it reaches approximately C. and the remainder of the mixture of reactants is then introduced at a rate of 22 cm /hour. As soon as the introduction is finished, the reaction is completed by raising the temperature to 86C.  
  The telomer obtained is then taken up, at 60C., in 3,026 g. of glacial acetic acid containing 353 g. of 1 10 volume hydrogen peroxide.  
  Acetalisation is carried out at 75C. by introducing 63 g. of concentrated sulphuric acid (98%) and 499 g. of a 47.4% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution into the above solution. The duration of the reaction is 8 hours.  
  The final product is recovered in the same manner as in Example 1. 400 g. of a yellow powder are obtained, the physico-chemical properties of which are given in Table II below.  
  This product is a very good stabilising agent for aqueous formaldehyde solutions. The stabilisation technique and the control test of the stabilising power are the same as for Example 1. Under these conditions, it was found that:  
  a. 3 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 44% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution;  
  b. 10 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 45% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution;  
  c. 25 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 46% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution; and  
  d. 75 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 47% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution.  
 EXAMPLE 3 The technique for preparing the telomer is the same as in Example 2. Only the proportions of the reagents employed were altered.  
 On this occasion, 860 g. of freshly distilled vinyl acetate, 95.5 g. of carbon tetrachloride and 8.6 g. of benzoyl peroxide were used. After polymerisation, the telomer is treated, at 60C., with a mixture containing 2,766 g. of glacial acetic acid and 268 g. of l volume strength hydrogen peroxide.  
  In this Example, the sulphuric acid may be replaced by hydrochloric acid. Taking account of the above weights of reagents, the amounts of acid and formaldehyde introduced are respectively:  
  l56 g. of HCl (38%) +469 g. of HCHO (47.4%)  
 59 g. of H 50, (98%) 469 g. of HCHO (47.471).  
  a. 3 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 44% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution;  
  b. 10 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a strength aqueous formaldehyde solution;  
  c. 30 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 46% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution; and  
  d. 85 ppm are sufficient to stabilise a 47% strength aqueous formaldehyde solution.  
  It is important to note that these products make it possible to stabilise formaldehyde solutions of high strength at temperatures other than 22C. and, in particular, at temperatures below 22C.  
  For example. ppm of the above samples are sufficient to stabilise a 44% strength formaldehyde solution completely and for more than 1 month, at 15C.  
  Another very important characteristic of the new telomers is that if formaldehyde solutions, stabilised with them. are caused to produce precipitates by subjection to a temperature below the stabilisation temperature, the precipitate of paraformaldehyde obtained does not set solid and redissolves easily when the solution is heated to about 50-55C. (a phenomenon which has not been observed with other stabilising agents). The resulting solution retains the same properties of stabil- 25 ity as the original solution when it is stored at an appropriate stabilisation temperature.  
 TABLE I Sample of of &#39;70 of 71 of 1.3- Total of (1;) cm lg Mn, average Theoretical CI vinyl vinyl dioxane in 7r sullimiting molecular DP calculaacetate alcohol groups phur viscosity weight ted using groups groups index determined the relationby chullioship 1 metry Telomer prepared 1 1 according to the 13.3 conditions of Example 1 Telomer after in acetone attack by H 0 l 1.2 at 25C 3.3 13 Product obtained in dimethylafter 2 hours 1 1.5 69 4 15 99.5 formamide of acetalisation at 30C 414 Product&#39;obtained in dimethylafter 4 hours 12.5 57 4 22 95.5 formamide 2.200 of acetalisation at 30C 4.5 Product obtained in dimethylafter 6 hours 13.5 47.5 6 25 92 formamide 2.300 of acetalisation at 30C 5.4 Product obtained in dimethylafter 10 hours 13.5 42 5 30 90.5 0.l formamide 2,350 of acetalisation at 30C 4.6 Product obtained in dimethylafter 16 hours 14 33 5 25 77 0.1 formamide of acetalisation at 30C 6 TABLE 11 Sample of of vinyl of vinyl of 1,3- of (1 cm&#34;/g limiting Theoretical Cl acetate alcohol dioxane sulviscosity index DP calculated groups groups groups phur using the relationship 1 Telomer prepared according to the conditions of 8 in acetone at 19 Example 2 after 25C 4.4 attack by H O Product obtained in dimethylformaafter 8 hours of 10.5 46 5 16.5 0.l mide at 30C acetalisation 7.0  
 TABLE Ill Sample 70 of of vinyl of vinyl 7c of 1,3- (1)) em /g limiting Theoretical Cl acetate alcohol dioxane viscosity index DP calculated groups groups groups using the relationship I Telomer prepared according to in acetone at 25C the conditions of Example 3 8.5 3.6 l8 after attack by H Product obtained after 4 hours in dimethyL of acetalisation in the I0 44 4,5 20 formamide at 30C presence of HCl 9.3 Product obtained after 4 hours of acetalisation in the 8 6l 4.5 l2 7.5 presence of H 80 Product obtained after 8 hours in dimethylof acetalisation in the 9.5 33 4.5 2l formamide at 30C presence of HCl 7 4 Product obtained after 8 hours of acetalisation in the 9.5 4l 19 8.3  
 resence of H 80 roduct obtained after 12 hours in dimethylof acetalisation in the 12.5 3 5 17.5 formamide at 30C presence of HCl Product obtained after l2 hours of acetalisation in the 8.5 33 4 l9 7.5  
 presence of H SO We claim: I  
  l. A telomer obtained by telomerising vinyl acetate in the presence of. carbon tetrachloride at a temperature of about C to 85C and in the presence of a polymerisation initiator until a p duct is obtained having a degree of polymerisation DP such that:  
 where x is the V: by weight of chlorine in said product,  
 .tained by neutralisation.  
  2. Telomer according to claim 1 wherein the polymerisation initiator is benzoyl peroxide.