Thiocarbamylsulfenamides
United States Patent Taylor Apr. 29, 1975 [54] THIOCARBAMYLSULFENAMIDES FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1 lnventorl y Taylor, Brecksville, Ohio 14,577 6/1969 Japan 260/306 [73] Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich Company, New OTHER PUBLICATIONS York&#34; Halasa, Defensive Publication of Serial N0. T889,009, [22] Filed: May 18, 1972 filed 7/70, laid open to public inspection on August 31, 1971, as noted at 889 0.6. 1363. [2]] Appl&#39; 254531 Samukawa et a1., Chem. Abstracts, Vol. 72, Abstract No. 2246lq (1970), QD1A5l. [52] US. Cl... 260/239 BF; 260/79.5 P; 260/239 A;  
  260/239 1 Primary ExaminerAlton D. Rollins 260/551 /56 260/563 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Alan A. Csontos P; 260/567; 260/583 NH [5l] Int. Cl C07C 155/04; C07d 41/04 57 ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search 260/326.83, 239 A, 239 E,  
  Novel thlocarbamylsulfenamides contammg two sec- 260/239 BF, 293.65, 567, 551 R ondary carbon atom configuratIons In the N N posI- [56] References Cited tions adjoining the sulfur atom nitrogen are useful as accelerators In the vulcanIzatIon of unsaturated poly- UNITED STATES PATENTS mers. The compounds are prepared by the reaction of 2,333,468 ll/l943 Coopcr 260/567 an a ine and a monohaloamine with carbon disulfide 2,424,921 7 1947 Smith et a] 260/567 in the presence f a base 2,692,862 [0/1954 Lipsitz 260/567 3,686,214 8/1972 M61161 260/326.83 1 Claim, No Drawings THIOCARBAMYLSULFENAMIDES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many different species of thiocarbamylsulfenamides are known. Few of these compounds contain a secondary carbon atom configuration in the N position adjoining the sulfur atom nitrogen. This is because there has been no practicable method of preparing such compounds.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION .The invention provides novel thiocarbamylsulfenamides containing two secondary carbon atom configurations in the N, N positions adjoining the sulfur atom nitrogen.  
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION The novel thiocarbamylsulfenamides have the formula wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A and -N (CHR) where R and R,, are alkyl radicals containing 1 to 24 carbonatoms, R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containingvl to 4 carbon atoms, and x 2 to 7; and R and R are selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl radicals containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in the ring and additionally can have 1 to 4 carbon atom alkyl substituents on the ring, a secondary carbon atom alkyl structure as ditetradecycl-N,N-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N,N-dioctadecyl-N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N-tetramethylene-N ,N &#39;-di-( 2- pentyl) thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N-pentamethylene- N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclopentyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N- hexamethylene-N&#39;,N&#39;-di-a-ethylhexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N-hexamethylene-N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclobutyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N-4-methylpentamethylene- N&#39;,N&#39;-di(a-methyloctyl) thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N- pentamethylene-N-a-methylbutyl N&#39;-cyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N-hexamethylene-N ,N dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide and the like. More preferably when A is NR,,R R and R,, are alkyl radicals containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, tetradecyl and the like; and when A is x 3 to 6 and R is hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl radical. A more preferred embodiment is that. R and R are alike in the N&#39;,N&#39; positions.  
  The novel thiocarbamylsulfenamides can be prepared in a process comprising the reaction of an amine of the formula HA where A is as defined above, a monohaloamine of the formula wherein X is selected from the class consisting of -Cl, -Br, and -I and R and R are defined as above, and car bon disulfide in the presence of a base.  
  Examples of the amines are dimethylamine, diethylamine, methylethylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutylamine, hexylmethylamine, dihexylamine, 2-ethylhexylmethylamine, dioctylamine, didodecylamine, tetradecylamine, dioctadecylamine, tetramethyleneamine, pentamethyleneamine, hexamethyleneamine,  
 4-methyl-pentamethyleneamine, and the like. More preferred, when A is R and R,, are alkyl radicals containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of such amines are dimethylamine, diethylamine, methylethylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutylamine, diisobutylamine, dihexylamine, dioctylamine, didecylamine, ditetradecylamine, and the like. When A is more preferred are those amines where x 3 to 6 and R is hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl radical. Examples of such amines are tetramethyleneamine, pentamethyleneamine, hexamethyleneamine, 4-methylpentamethyleneamine, 3 ,S-di-methylpentamethyleneamine, and the like. Equally good results are obtained when A is the alkyl amine structure or when it is the cyclic methyleneamine structure.  
  Examples of the monohaloamines are di-(2-pentyl)- chloroamine, di-(2-pentyl)-bromoamine, di-(a-methylhexyl)-chloroamine, di-(a-ethylhexyU-iodoamine, di- (a-methyloctyl)-chloroamine, dicyclobutylchloroamine, 2-pentylcyclobutyl-bromoamine, dicyclopentyl-bromoamine, dicyclohexyl-iodoamine, dicyclohexyl-chloroamine, dicyclooctyl-chloroamine, and the like.  
  The monochloroamines are preferred. They are readily prepared by reacting a primary or secondary amine with a chlorinating agent such as sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl. This can be done in situ prior to the reaction of the chloro-amine with the thiocarbonate salt. Reference will be made to the monochloroamines as used in the process, though it is understood that monobromoamines and monoiodoamines may be used.  
  Examples of the monochloroamines are di-(2- pentyl)-chloroamine, di-(4-hexyl)-chloroamine, 2-pentyl-4-hexyl-chloroamine, a-methylhexylcyclobutyl-chloroamine, 2-pentyl-cyclohexylchloroamine, a-ethylhexyl-cyclooctyl-chloroamine, dicyclobutyl-chloroamine, dicyclopentyl-chloroamine, dicyclohexylchloroamine, dicyclooctylchloroamine, di-(4methyl-cyclohexyl)-chloroamine, and the like.  
  Equally good results are obtained when R and R are cycloalkyl radicals or when they are secondary carbon atoms alkyl structures. A more preferred embodiment is that R and R are alike on the monochloroamine.  
  When R and R are cycloalkyl radicals, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl would be more the preferred radicals. Each of these radicals may additionally have 1 or 2 carbon atom alkyl substituents thereon such as 3,5dimethylcyclohexyl-chloroamine. When the R and R radicals are secondary carbon atom alkyl radicals, preferably R would be methyl or ethyl. Examples of the more preferred chloroamines would be di(2- pentyl)-chloroamine, di(4-hexyl)-chloroamine, dicyclobutyl-chloroamine, dicyclopentyl-chloroamine, dicyclohexyl-chloroamine, di-(3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)chloroamine, and the like.  
  The base employed can be an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, an alkali metal alcoholate such as sodium methoxide and potassium butoxide, or the reaction product of a strong base and a weak acid such as sodium carbonate and sodium acetate. Excellent results were obtained when using an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide as the base. The reaction can be conducted as a slurry in water. The amine is more or less soluble in water, depending on the R and R radicals. The chloroamine, the carbon disulfide and the base are added to the amine/water and the mixture agitated. The chloroamine, the carbon disulfide, and the thiocarbamylsulfenamide product are insoluble in water. When agitation is stopped, the mixture separates and the organic product phase is separated out. The thiocarbamylsulfenamide can be isolated by evaporating off the little unreacted chloroamine and carbon disulfide under reduced pressure.  
  A more preferred process is to conduct the reaction in an aqueous/non-aqueous medium. In this manner, higher yields and more pure products can be obtained. The medium consists of water and an organic solvent, preferably a chlorinated organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethylene dichloride, l,l,2- trichloroethane, and the like. The monochloroamine, the carbon disulfide, and the dithiocarbamylsulfenamide are all soluble in the non-aqueous phase.  
  The temperature of the reaction ranges from near the freezing point of the mixture, about 20C., to near the boiling point of the mixture, about l0OC. A more preferred range is from about l0C. to about 40C. Reaction times are from about 0.2 hour to about 2 hours.  
  The amine and the monochloroamine can both be used in a molar excess of the amount of the carbon disulfide present. However, yields after purification of over 40 percent and in excess of 70 percent based on the theoretical yield are readily obtained using essentially one mol of monochloroamine and one mol of amine to every one mol of carbon disulfide present. The reaction is conducted with agitation. After the reaction, the mixture is allowed to separate and the nonaqueous phase is decanted off and dried down to isolate the product. The novel thiocarbamylsulfenamides are normally crystalline materials at room temperatures. The product can be purified by dissolving it in an alcohol such as methanol and ethanol or in an alkane such as hexane, and then precipitating it out by cooling. The compounds can be characterized by melting point, infra-red (IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and carbon/hydrogen/nitrogen analysis.  
  The novel thiocarbamylsulfenamides have particular utility as accelerators in the vulcanization of unsaturated polymers. Examples of such polymers are natural rubber; diene rubbers such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and the like; ethylene-propylene-diene polymers where the diene is&#39; 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, ethylidene norbornene, and the like; diene/styrene polymers and diene/acrylonitrile polymers; and like polymers that have carbon-carbon unsaturation and are capable of being crosslinked with sulfur. The novel compounds have excellent shelf stability compared to that of thiocarbamylsulfenamides in general.  
  The compounds are normally used in combination with a vulcanizing agent such as sulfur or a primary sulfur donor such as the thiuram disulfides. They can be added to the polymer using internal mixers such as banburys or using two-roll mills and the like. The compounds are used in levels from about 0.05 part to about 7 parts by weight based upon parts by weight of the polymer, and more preferably from about 0.3 part to about 5 parts by weight.  
  The polymers typically contain other ingredients which are added in a manner similar as the curing agents. These ingredients are fillers such as carbon blacks, clays, silicas, carbonates, and the like; lubricants and plasticizers; antioxidants and stabilizers; and the like.  
  The following examples serve to more fully illustrate the invention.  
 EXAMPLE I N,N-dimethyl-N,Ndicyclohexylthiocarbamylsulfenamide was prepared. 100 milliliters of carbon tetrachloride, 39.6 grams of a solution of dimethylamine at 25 percent by weight in water (0.22 mol), and 36.2 grams (0.2 mol) of dicyclohexylamine were placed in a reactor vessel and the mixture cooled to 10C. l 14 milliliters of a solution of NaOCl at 14 percent by weight in water (0.23 mol) was added and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at 15C. About 0.2 mol of NaOH was formed as a by-product.  
  200 milliliters of water containing 25 grams of NaH- CO and l 1 grams of Na CO was added as a buffer solution. The mixture was then warmed to 20C. and 15.2 grams (0.2 mol) of carbon disulfide was added with stirring. The mixture was maintained at 3235C. for 40 minutes while being agitated. After settling, the nonaqueous phase was separated out and filtered. The CC],  
 . was evaporated off by heating under reduced pressure and 61 grams of a thick liquid was obtained. This liquid was added to 150 milliliters of methanol and a solid precipitated out. The methanol slurry was cooled to l0C. and filtered. The recovered solid was a white crystalline material having a melting point of 8082C. The amount obtained was 44.1 grams, indicating a yield of 77 percent of theoretical. The N,N-dimethyl- N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide was identified through its IR spectrum. The calculated element weights for the formula C H N S were 9.32 percent N, 60.0 percent C, and 9.32 percent H. Analytical test results were 9.34 percent N, 59.8 percent C, and 9.60 percent H.  
  When using diethylamine, dihexylamine and didodecylamine respectively, in place of dimethylamine, the compounds prepared are N,N-diethyl-N,N- dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, N,N-dihexyl- N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, and N,- N-didodecyl-N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide.  
 EXAMPLE ll Using the procedure given in Example I, N- hexamethylene-N,N-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide was prepared by the reaction of hexamethyleneamine and dicyclohexylamine chloride with carbon disulfide in the presence of NaOH. The yield of the material after purification was 40 percent by weight of theoretical. The product had a melting point of 8889C. When using dicyclobutylamine in place of dicyclohexylamine, the product is N-hexamethylene- N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclobutyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide.  
 EXAMPLE Ill The N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide prepared in Example I was evaluated as an accelerator in the sulfur cure of an ethylene-propylenediene polymer. The polymer employed had a composition of about 60 percent by weight of ethylene, about 36 percent by weight of propylene, and about 4 percent by weight of 5-ethylidene-Z-norbornene, and a raw polymer Mooney of about 80. The recipe used (in parts by weight) and the tensile properties were as follows:  
 EPDM ruhbcr 100 N220 black Oil 55 ZnO 5 Stearic acid 1 Sulfur 1.5 Accelerator l .5 Tensile. psig 2410 300% Modulus, psig 1340 Elongation, percent 500 -naphthenic processing oil, 18% by weight aromatics content The ingredients were incorporated into the polymer using a banbury for the carbon black, oil, ZnO, and stearic acid and a two-roll mill for the sulfur and accelerator. The compound was then sheeted off, cut, and press-cured for 17 minutes at 320F. Tensile, modulus, and elongation were determined following ASTM procedure D412. The example shows that the novel thiocarbamylsulfenamide is an efficient accelerator for EPDM rubber.  
 EXAMPLE IV The compound, N,N-dimethyl-N&#39;,N-dicyclohexy1 thiocarbamylsulfenamide, used in Example 111 and N- hexamethylene-N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide, prepared in Example II, were evaluated as accelerators in the sulfur cure of a styrene-butadiene polymer. The SBR used was a SBR 1502 rubber, composed of about 23.5 percent styrene and 76.5 percent 1,3-butadiene. The recipes used (in parts by weight) and the tensile properties were as follows:  
 SBR 1502 100 HAF black 50 5O ZnO 5 5 Stearic acid 3 3 Sulfur 2 2 Acclcrator I 1.0 Accelerator 2 1.0 Tensile, psig 3490 3780 300% Modulus, psig 3290 3420 Elongation, percent 310 330 -N,N-dimcthyl-N&#39;.N&#39;-dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide -N-hcxamcthylcnc-N&#39;,N&#39;-dicyclohcxyl thiocarhamylsull&#39;cnamide dicyclohexyl thiocarbamylsulfenamide.