Anti-pull animal leash mechanism
0 United States Patent [1 1 nu 3,874,339 Coulbourn Apr. 1, 1975 ANTLPULL ANIMAL LEASH MECHANISM [76] Inventor: John Coulbourn, RD. 2. New pr&#39;mary -&#34;&#34;&#39;&#34;&#34;H chafnblee Tripoli 8066 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Fred Fisher [22] Filed: JUIWIZG, 1974 57 ABSTRACT [21] Appl. No.: 483,939 An anti-pull leash mechanism includes a collar for an animal (such as a dog), a device attached to the col- U s CL. u I I I I i l I l I l lar, and a leash for coupling to Such dViCe. When the [51] hm Cl i i 27/00 animal pulls excessively on the leash, the device, by [58] Field I09 107 means of electric probes, provides electrical shocks to 1 19/1 23|/2 the animal, thus causing the animal to refrain from excessive pulling. The device includes a shock circuit [56] References Cited and a spring actuated switch, so that, when the animal pulls excessively hard beyond a predetermined force, UNITED STATES PATENTS the spring actuated switch actuates the shock circuit 2.023.950 12/1935 Carter to provide shocks to the animal. 2.966.621 12/1960 V011 231/2 E 3.753.421 8/1973 Peck 119/29 7 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures ANTI-PULL ANIMAL LEASH MECHANISM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a device which is suitable for attachment to an animal collar for preventing the animal from pulling excessively on a leash. More particularly. it relates to an anti-pull animal leash mechanism including an animal collar. a leash. and a device coupled to the leash and collar for producing electric shocks to the animal when the animal pulls at an excessive manner beyong a predetermined force. Accordingly. it is the general object of the invention to provide new and improved mechanisms and devices of such character.  
 1. Description of the Prior Art In accordance with a preliminary novelty search performed on behalf of the inventor. the following United States and foreign patents were considered to be of interest.  
 LLS. Pat.  
 US. Pat.  
 . Pat.  
 &#39;. Pat.  
 . Pat.  
 No. No.  
 Z,74l.224 Putman 2.800104 Cameron et al. 2.996.043 Pettingill No. 3.589.337 Doss No. 1687A l2 Henderson US. No. Pat. 3.753.42l Peck Swedish Pat. l H.556 Pctcl&#39;sson The Swedish patent to Petersson shows a dog collar with electrical probes on the interior thereof. The probes are manually actuated by switch contacts 17&#39;. I7&#34; in the leash handle. A power pack and shock circuitry are apparently carried by a person walking the dog.  
  Henderson. US. Pat. No. 3.687.] I2. shows a collar for a horse having probes 26 mounted inside and a shock circuit 28 mounted on the outside. A switch 24 energizes the shock circuit and the probes when the horse swells its neck.  
  Pettingill. US. Pat. No. 2.996.043, shows a similar collar with the circuitry mounted thereon in which the shock is delivered by the closing of a switch 28 controlled by a timer 27 to effect a time delay between the decision to shock the animal and the actual shockingv Putnam. US. Pat. No. 1.741.224. shows a similar collar in which the shocking is initiated by barking of the dog. which is picked up by microphones II and I2 and closes a switch energizing the shocking circuit.  
  Peck. US. Pat. No. 3.753.42l. shows a system in which a wire 12 is placed around the perimeter of an area and electrically energized. Within the area, an animal wears a collar which has shocking circuitry which is energized when the animal nears the wire.  
  Cameron et al. US. Pat. No. 2.800.l()4. and Doss. US. Pat. No. 3.589.337. show radio controlled shocking systems for animals.  
  None of the foregoing United States or Swedish patents suggest. in any manner whatsoever. a basic concept of a tension loaded switch activating a shock cireuit when the pull tension on a leash exceeds a predetermined amount.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This in\ention relates to a device which is designed to prevent animals. such as dogs. from pulling excessively on leashes. The benefits of such a device are:  
 I. To pre\ent persons walking dogs. from being pulled by their dogs.  
 (all  
 I. To prevent dogs from pulling excessively on chains or other &#34;tie ups. thus damaging anchor points and to eliminate the need for heavy restraints and anchor points.  
 3. To prevent dogs from harming themselves by excessive pulling on leashes or tie ups.  
 4. To permit multiple anchor points of a simple nature permitting tying up dogs in different places to avoid damaging wear to lawn and other property.  
  A basic concept of this invention is that an adjustable spring loaded switch in a box mounted on the collar activates a circuit which produces an electric shock to be delivered to the animal when pull tension exceeds a preset threshold.  
  The shock source. preferably. is battery powered and can consist of a single pulse or multiple pulses of current of 50 or more microseconds in duration and with a current in the range of two to ten milliamperes. Electrodes consist of two blunt metal protrusions on the side of the collar opposite the pull switch shock box to insure good contact at the time of activation. The unit can be provided with a hook on the spring activated switch to accommodate a standard leash or any rope or chain.  
  In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. a device is provided which is suitable for attachment to an animal collar. which prevents the animal from pulling excessively on the leash. The device includes a housing which is adapted for attachment to an animal collar. An electronic circuit, within the housing. is coupled to a pair ofelectrodcs which are adapted to contact the body of the animal. The circuit provides electronic pulses to the electrodes. Means are provided for coupling the electrodes to the circuit. In addition. a power source is provided to the electronic circuit which. preferably. is a battery within the housing. The electronic circuit is suitably actuated by means including a spring loaded switch affixed to the circuit and by means external to the housing for coupling to a leash. Thus. when the spring loaded switch has a force exceeding a predetermined level exerted thereupon. electronic pulses are provided to the electrodes. thereby shocking the animal.  
  In accordance with certain features of the invention. the means external to the housing for coupling to a leash includes a suitable book. The animal collar can be provided in conjunction with the box or housing. wherein the housing is affixed to one portion of the collar. and the electrodes are coupled to another portion of the collar at the interior thereof. so that the electrodes physically contact the animal when the collar is worn. In accordance with other features of the invention. the electrodes are preferably located on the collar diametrically opposite from the position where the housing is affixed. so that. the animal. when pulling on the leash. pulls in a manner such that the electrodes make a firm contact with its body.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is a diagrammatic view of a person walking his god. illustrating a collar. a housing. and a leash in coopcrating relationship in accordance with one embodiment of this invention;  
  FIG. 2 is a perspective view ofa collar. a shock housing. and electrodes in cooperating relationship in accordance with an embodiment of the invention:  
  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a housing in accordance with a specific embodiment of this invention: and  
  FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram of a shock circuit suitable for Lise with an embodiment of this invention.  
 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. I, there is shown a person II walk ing his animal I2. such as a dog, by means of a leash I3. The person II carries the leash 13 one end thereof. The opposite end of the leash I3 is coupled to a housing I4 which is affixed to a dog (animal) collar I6 which is placed about the dogs (animals) neck.  
  The collar I6 is illustrated as a circular loop about a dog&#39;s neck in a conventional manner. However, the term &#34;collar&#34; is meant to include such elements as a body harness. and is not meant to be limiting to neck worn devices solely.  
  Referring to FIG. 2. the collar I6 is affixed to the housing 14 by any suitable means. Though not specifically illustrated as such. the housing 14 can be fixed to the collar 16 by means of a permanent riveted connection or, alternatively. by means of a loop in the housing 14 through which the collar 16 fits therewithin. The means of connection, whether permanent of temporary. is immaterial to an understanding of this invcn tion. and is solely a matter ofspccific preferences of the manufacturer and/or purchaser thereof.  
  In the usual fashion. the collar I6 can be adjusted by means of a plurality of notches 18 therein through which a buckle 17 engages therewith.  
  A plurality. preferal&#39;ily a pair. of electrodes I9-I9 are affixed to the collar I6 so the electrodes l9 I9 are oriented inwardly. as illustrated in the drawing, so that the electrodes I9I9 come into contact with the animal&#39;s neck. A pair of leads 20--20 couple the electrodes I9-I9 to the housing I4. The electrodes l9-- I9 are blunted at their ends so as to make a good firm contact with the animal.  
  Within the housing 14. as depicted in FIG. 3, is a shocking circuit 22 which, in the form illustrated, can include a printed circuit hoard 23 having therewithin a multivihrator, driver, shock step-up transformer and other suitable circuitry. In addition, within the housing I4, is a suitable power source such as a battery 24. The battery 24 is coupled to the printed circuit board 23. The shock leads 20-20 are likewise coupled to the printed circuit board 23.  
  The printed circuit board 23 can include the shocking circuit 22 as indicated in the drawing at FIG. 4. The shocking circuit 22 of FIG. 4 is standard in nature and may include other types of shocking circuits; the illus trated circuit being illustrated merely to indicate a preferred mode of the invention contemplated by the invcntor.  
  As shown in FIG. 4. the shocking circuit includes a switch 26 which is coupled, at one end. to the positive terminal of the battery 24 or other suitable power source The other end of the switch 26 is coupled to a multivibrator circuit and driver including one ends of resistors 27, 28. 29. and 30. respectively. and to the collector 3! of a P type transistor 32. The opposite end ofthe resistor 27 is coupled to a collector 33 of a P type transistor 34 and is also coupled to one side of a capacitor 36. The other end of the resistor 28 is coupled to the other side of the capacitor 36 and is coupled to the base 37 of a P type transistor 38. The other end of resis tor 29 is coupled to the base 39 of the transistor 34 and is also coupled to one end of a capacitor 4|. The other end of the resistor 30 is coupled to the other end of the capacitor 4] and is also coupled to the collector 42 of the transistor 38. The other end ofthc resistor 30 is also coupled to one end of a capacitor 43. The other end of capacitor 43 is coupled to the base 44 of the transistor 32 and is also coupled to one end of a resistor 46. The emitter 47 of the transistor 32 is coupled to the primary coil 48 of a transformer 49. The opposite end of the pri mary coil 48 of the transformer 49 is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery 24. Likewise. the other end of the resistor 46 and the emitters SI, 52 of the transistors 34 and 38. respectively. are also coupled to the negative end of the battery 24. The output of the shocking circuit 22 is obtained from the secondary coil 53 of the transformer 49.  
  In use, the housing I4 is made a part of the belt or dog collar I6. the housing I4 being either riveted or otherwise affixed to the dog collar 16. The overall com bination, including the housing 16, the electrodes I9-l9, and the accompanying leads 2020. is affixed about the animal&#39;s neck by means of the buckle I7 and the notches I8- I8 of the dog collar. Upon being worn, the overall device is affixed to a chain or leash I3 by means of a leash hook 54 which forms a portion of the spring actuated switch 26. In normal operation. the circuit 22 is not energized. and the dog or animal is held lightly by the leash or chain I3. When the animal pulls excessively beyond a certain point. in terms of force. the leash hook 54 pulls the switch 26 against a compression spring 56 and aetuates the switch 26 as to close and activate the shocking circuit 22. Pulses of energy are applied to the dog&#39;s neck by way of the electrodes I9I9, thus shocking the dog. The dog. thereafter. refrains from excessive pulling, and whereupon the shocks cease.  
  The amount of spring tension applied by the leash I3 prior to closing of the switch can be adjusted by a tension adjustnut 57 which varies the amount of tension on the spring 56.  
  Mechanically, there are various concepts in which this invention can be applied. The box-like housing I4 can be attached to the collar I6 by any one of several means. The housing 14 can be riveted directly to the collar I6 or. alternatively, it can be coupled by means of belt loops or some similar device through which the collar slips. as indicated above. The shock electrodes I9--I9 are brought out of the housing 14 and can be either fed by leads 20-20 through the collar I6 and brought out at the electrode point on the underside of the dogs neck, or the wires 20-20 can be wrapped around the collar 16 as is common with other types of shocking collars known in the art. whereby the wires 20-20 are attached to the electrodes |9-l9 which are mounted on the collar 16 on the opposite side of the housing I4. The housing 14 itself is on the opera tor&#39;s end and has an eye book 54 coming through the housing 14. The eyehook 54. desirably. accommodates any commercially available leash. The eye-hook is attached to the spring switch mechanism 56-26 and. as the leash I3 tension increases, either by the operator pulling or the animal pulling, the shocking circuit 22 is actuated as the spring 56 is engaged.  
  In a preferred mode contemplated by the inventor, it is desired that belt loops be used for coupling the housing I4 to the collar 16 because. commerciallyv the option exists with the manufacturer to either sell the shocking device housing [4 with or without a collar.  
  lt may be desirable. from a manufacturens viewpoint. to prtuide the electrodes IL-l9 in close association with the shock housing 14. In such an event. the electrodes l9- I) could be spring loaded within the housing 14 so that tension upon the leashhouk 54 or leash I3 could cause the electrodes to he forced down into the box and thus actuate the circuit and also be the mode of delivery of the shock. Disadvantageously. ho\\.e\er. in such an event, such electrodes would be floating. electrically. and a problem would exist where the dog could swallow or bend its neck to increase the neck diameter, thus depressing the electrodes and. when swallowing. deliver a shock when he is not pulling. thus providing for a behavioral disadvantage.  
  In providing shocks to the animal. there are many parameters to he considered: the voltage. the current and the pulse characteristics. By way of example. the pulse characteristics can be in a range often to twenty-five pulses per second. with narrow spikes in the microsecond to millisecond range. lt is desired to deliver an adequate or sufficiently aversive stimulus without an undue consumption of electric power; however. it is believed that pulse durations in excess of Stltl microseconds does not increase the aversiveness of stimuli to animals. At high \oltagcs. and at relatively high currents. estensive pulses tend to do tissue damage to the animals. and would not otherwise increase the adverse stimuli derived.  
  liacli successive pulse can be of the same polarity or of opposite polarity. and. in one form of pulse circuit. can provide a large positive pulse followed by a small negative one. The pulses can he inductively coupled. with minimum kickback. thus providing fora ten to one bipolar pulse.  
  It is preferred that the pulses do not exceed pulses per second. With such limitation.. a stimulus is proidetl for the maximum amount of muscle fiber activation on the animal for each pulse. thus the total energy requirements to the animal are efficiently minimized.  
  Muscle fiber stimulation is what causes the primary aversiveness in a shock that causes the pulsing contraction in animal. The aversiveness of a shock is determined hy either one of two things: either burning or puncturing of the skin which stimulates cutaneous ner\e fibers. or. in a gross or overall effect, the stimulation of muscle fibers causing a complete contraction. An effective range of frequencies is between ten to twenty-t&#39;i\e pulses per second. with some leeway for variance. The optimum duration is believed to be 13 pulses per second for mammalian species.  
  It is noted that there is no expenditure of stand-by current when the circuit is not actuated by the excessive pulling of the animal.  
 It is known. in the past. to use dog collars in radio (ill controlled shockers. batteries. multi-vibrators. leashes and the like. However. it is to he noted that the basic concept of a tension loaded switch activating a shock ing circuit when the pull tension on the leash exceeds a predetermined amount is believed to be new. Hence. it is the intention of the applicant that such concept he considered to be his invention and that the claims be construed as broadly as possible to cover such concept. As stated above. the term collar includes a harness and other body-encircling members.  
 What is claimed is:  
  l. A device. suitable for attachment to an animal col lar. for automatically preventing the animal from pull ing excessively on a leash. comprising a. a housing adapted for attachment to an animal collar:  
 b. a pair ofelectrodes adapted to contact the body of an animal;  
 . an electronic circuit. housed within said housing. and coupled to said electrodes, for providing electronic pulses to said electrodes;  
 t. means for coupling said electrodes to said circuit;  
 0. means for providing a power source to said electronic circuit; and  
 f. means for actuating said electronic circuit including a spring loaded switch affixed to said circuit and including means external to said housing for coupling to a leash. whereby. when said spring loaded switch has a force exerted thereupon. exceeding a predetermined lightly applied force. electronic pulses are provided to said electrodes.  
  2. The device as recited in claim I wherein said means for providing a power source includes a battery within said housing.  
  3. The device as recited in claim I wherein said means external to said housing for coupling to a leash includes a book.  
  4. The device as recited in claim I further comprising an animal collar. and wherein said housing is aftixed to one portion of said collar. and said electrodes are cuu pled to another portion of said collar at an interior portion thereof so that said electrodes physically contact the animal when said collar is worn.  
 S. The device as recited in claim 4 wherein said means for providing a power source includes a battery within said housing.  
  6. The device as recited in claim 4 wherein said means external to said housing for coupling to a leash includes a hook.  
  7. The device as recited in claim 4 wherein said electrodes are located on said collar diametrically opposite from said housing. whereby said animal. when pulling on a leash. pulls in a manner such that said electrodes make a firm contact with the body of said animal.