Tool for removing ported cylinder liners
United States Patent 1 Gregg Apr. 8, 1975 i 1 TOOL FOR REMOVING PORTED CYLINDER LINERS [76] lnventor: Leonard Gregg, 7 Kohlmeyer La..  
 Pittsburgh. Pa. l52ll [22] Filed: Apr. 12, 1974 [21] Appl. No.: 460,280  
 [52] US. Cl. 29/234 [5 1] Int. Cl. 823p 19/04 [58] Field of Search 29/234, 282  
 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3.805.359 4/1974 Webb 29/282 Primary Examiner-James L. Jones, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or FirmWcbb, Burden, Robinson &amp; Webb [57] ABSTRACT A tool for removing and inserting ported cylinder liners in piston driven engines, particularly of the diesel type. The tool comprising an elongated body member including opposed upper and lower surfaces and 0pposcd lateral edges. A pair of lugs is provided on each lateral edge of the body member and outwardly extends therefrom. The lugs are adapted to be inserted in oppositely disposed pairs of liner ports when the tool is operably inserted into the liner. Also disclosed is biasing means. preferably in the form of a coil spring, mounted between two lugs on a lateral edge of the body member and outwardly extending therefrom. The spring centers the tool within the cylinder liner and prevents the lugs from scoring the sidewall of cylinder block during ejection and insertion of the liner. The tool may be provided with a threaded bore to permit the insertion of a bolt therethrough. The bolt is rotated downwardly until it impinges upon the upper surface of the piston. Further rotation of the bolt causes the lugs of the tool to exert an upward force on the edges of the port to eject the cylinder liner from the engine block. The tool may also be used without the bolt if desired. In such instances, the engine crankshaft is rotated causing the piston to move upwardly within the cylinder liner until it impinges upon the lower surface of the tool. Further rotation of the crankshaft causes the piston to forceably move the tool and the cylinder liner upwardly until the piston reaches its uppermost point of travel. At this point, the bond between the liner and cylinder block is usually broken and the tool and liner may then be manually lifted from the block. My tool is also adapted for use in inserting new cylinder liners into engine blocks.  
 4 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures TOOL FOR REMOVING PORTED CYLINDER LINERS My invention relates generally to sleeve pulling tools and more particularly to a tool which is suitable for removing ported cylinder liners of the type generally found in diesel engines. The heavy duty, diesel engines used on trucks, tractors and the like are provided with cylinder liners. It is common practice to replace these cylinder liners when they become worn or cracked. Removal of worn or cracked liners is made difficult due to the formation of carbon between the liner and engine block. Heretofore, tools have been employed to remove cylinder liners from engine blocks but these prior art tools are large and, as such, the engine must generally be removed from the vehicle before the tool can be used. Likewise, in using the sleeve pulling tools of the prior art, it is generally necessary to first remove the pistons from the cylinders before the tool can be operably inserted into the engine block.  
  My invention solves many of the problems heretofore encountered by providing a tool which may be used to remove ported cylinder liners without removing the pistons from the cylinders and a tool which cooperates with the piston in order to effect the ejection of the cylinder liner.  
  My invention further provides a tool for removing ported cylinder liners which is light weight, relatively inexpensive to manufacture and which can be used in cramped quarters due to its compact size.  
  My invention still further provides a tool for removing and inserting ported cylinder liners which includes biasing means for automatically centering the tool within the cylinder liner to prevent scoring of the cylinder block by the laterally projecting tool lugs.  
  Briefly, my invention provides a tool for removing and inserting ported cylinder liners in cylinder blocks of piston driven engines. The tool comprises an elongated body member including opposed upper and lower surfaces and opposed lateral edges. Lug means outwardly extend from the lateral edges of the body member for insertion into oppositely disposed ports of the cylinder liner when the tool is tiltably moved to an operable position within the liner. In the operable position, the longitudinal axis of the body member is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder liner. The aforementioned lug means is preferably in the form of a first pair of lugs extending outwardly from one of the lateral edges of the body member a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the liner sidewall and a second pair of lugs extending outwardly from the opposed lateral edge of the body member a distance substantially equal to twice the thickness of the sidewall of the cylinder liner. The lateral edges of the elongated body member are spaced apart a distance substantially equal to the inside diameter of the cylinder liner less the sidewall thickness of the liner to permit lateral movement of the tool within the liner, enabling the lugs to be inserted into opposed pairs of liner ports. The tool also includes biasing means, preferably in the form ofa coil spring, outwardly extending from the lateral edge of the body member, positioned between the longer. second pair of lugs. After the tool has been operably positioned within the cylinder liner with the lugs inserted into their respective liner ports, the coil spring impinges upon the sidewall of the liner and laterally centers the tool, whereby, the terminal ends of the lugs are substantially flush with the outer surface of the liner sidewall to prevent scoring of the cylinder block during ejection of the liner. In order to effect ejection of the liner, the body member may be provided with a threaded bore extending between its upper and lower surfaces. An ejection bolt is inserted into the bore and rotated downwardly until it impinges upon the upper surface of the piston. Further rotation of the bolt causes upward ejection of the liner from the cylinder block. Ejection of the liner may also be effected by rotation of the engines crankshaft in order to cause upward movement of the piston. The moving piston impinges upon the lower surface of the tool body forcing the tool and cylinder liner upwardly until the liner may be manually removed from the block. The tool may also be inserted into a new liner and used as an aid in fitting the new liner into the cylinder block. These and other features of my invention will become more clear when reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
  FIG. 1 is a plan view of a presently preferred embodiment of the tool of my invention;  
  FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the tool depicted in FIG.  
  FIG. 3 is a lateral edge view of the tool depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2;  
  FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the tool of my invention operably positioned within a ported cylinder liner;  
  FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V--&#39;\/ of FIG. 4; and  
 FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a ported cylinder liner.  
  Referring now to the specific details of the drawings, FIGS. 1-3 show a presently preferred embodiment of the tool of my invention. The tool comprises an elongated body member, generally designated 10, which includes opposed upper and lower surfaces 11 and I2, respectively and opposed lateral edges 17 and 18. Body member 10 is preferably constructed of steel so as to achieve high strength. Likewise, in order to accommodate the relatively high transverse forces which are applied to the tool during use, body 10 also preferably includes increased thickness portion 13 at its mid-section to prevent deformation or breakage of the tool.  
  The tool of my invention is adapted for use in removing and inserting ported cylinder liners or sleeves of the general type depicted in FIGS. 4-6. Ported liner 5 is cylindrical in shape and includes a seating flange 9 at its uppermost edge and a plurality of open ports 6 spaced around the sidewall and separated by webs 7. AS shown in FIG. 5, liner 5 is slide-fitted into cylinder 3 of engine block 1 such that ports 6 are in communication with air box 27. Piston 2 is slidably mounted within liner 5 in the usual manner.  
  In order to permit accurate seating of the tool within the cylinder liner, lateral edges I7 and 18 of tool body 10 are preferably arcuately formed to approximate the curvature of the inner sidwall of cylinder liner 5, FIG. 4. A first pair of spaced apart lugs 20 extend outwardly from lateral edge 17 a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the sidewall of liner 5. In most heavy duty, diesel truck engines the liner sidewall thickness is usually about 0.250 inches. In any event, first pair of lugs 20 should not extend a distance greater than the thickness of the liner sidewall so as to prevent the possibility of scoring sidewall of cylinder 3 by the lugs during ejection or insertion of liner 5. A second pair of spaced apart lugs 25 extend outwardly from lateral edge 18 of tool body 10 a distance substantially equal to twice the thickness of the liner sidewall. The distance between opposed. lateral edges 17 and 18 of tool body 10 is substantially equal to the inside diameter of cylinder liner 5 less the sidewall thickness of liner 5. When tool body is formed in this manner, the tool may be tiltably inserted into liner 5. In the operable position, lugs 20 and 25 engage oppositely disposed pairs ofliner ports 6 and the longitudinal axis of body member 10 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of cylinder liner 5. Likewise. the distance between terminal ends 21 of lugs 20 and terminal ends 26 of lugs 25 is of a dimension substantially equal to but not greater than the outer sidewall diameter of cylinder liner 5. Terminal ends 21 and 26 of lugs 20 and 25, respectively, are also preferably arcuately formed to approximate the curvature of the outer sidwall of cylinder liner 5, FIGS. 1 and 4. Lugs 20 and 25 are spaced apart from one another on their respective lateral edges 17 and 18 a distance, designated by numeral 22 on FIG. 1, which is equal to the width of webs 7 between adjacent cylinder sleeve ports 6. Lugs 20 and 25, likewise, each possess upper bearing surfaces 23 which are formed to approximate the configuration of upper edge portions 8 of cylinder liner ports 6, FIGS. 3 and 6.  
  As can best be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, biasing means, preferably in the form of coil spring 15, is associated with body member 10 and mounted thereto within blind bore 16. Coil spring outwardly extends from lateral edge 18 of body 10 and is positioned intermedi ate second pair of lugs 25. After the tool lugs 20 and have been inserted into oppositely disposed liner ports 6, the free end of spring 15 impinges upon the inner sidewall of liner 5 at web portion 7 between a pair of lug engaged ports 6. ln this operable position, spring 15 urges lateral edge 17 into contact with liner 5 concurrently moving terminal ends 26 of second pair of lugs 25 into a flush orientation relative to the outer sidewall of cylinder liner 5, FIGS. 4 and 5. In this centered, operable position, terminal ends 21 and 26 of first and second pairs of lugs 20 and 25 are substantially flush with and do not extend beyond the outer sidewall of cylinder liner 5; therefore, there is no possibility of scoring cylinder 3 by lugs 20 and 25 when the liner is ejected.  
  In order to operably position the tool into the liner ports, the tool is tiltably inserted into liner 5 with second pair of lugs 25 lowermost. Second pair of lugs 25 are inserted into two liner ports 6 and the tool is pushed toward the cylinder liner wall such that terminal ends 26 of lugs 25 extend beyond the outer sidewall of liner 5 and into air box 27. The opposed end ofthe tool carrying first pair of lugs 20 is then lowered to the operable position wherein the longitudinal axis of elongated body member 10 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of liner 5. In this position, first pair of lugs 20 is inserted into a pair ofliner ports 6. After lugs 25 and 20 have been inserted into their respective liner ports, spring 15 centers the tool within liner 5 moving lateral edge l8 away from the inner sidewall of liner 5 a distance designated by numeral 24 in FIG. 4 and concurrently moving opposed lateral edge 17 into contact with the inner sidewall ofliner 5. As stated above, when the tool is in this centered, operable position, terminal ends 21 and 26 of lugs 20 and 25 are substantially flush with the outer sidewall of liner 5 due to the biasing action of coil spring 15.  
  While I prefer to utilize spring 15 on my tool, it is recognized that it is not absolutely necessary to the functioning of the tool. If spring 15 were eliminated, the engine mechanic could manually center the tool such that lateral edge 17 is resting against the sidewall of liner 5. Likewise, in V-type engines, the longer, second pair of lugs 25 should be pointing toward the center of the engine so that the weight of the tool, resulting from the angular inclination of liners 5, tends to move lateral edge 17 against the sidewall of the liner. Persons skilled in the art can also appreciate that the lug construction of my tool could also be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. While I have shown and described a tool having two pairs of lugs 20 and 25, the tool could be modified to include a single lug projecting from each of lateral edges 17 and 18; likewise, the tool could be further modified to include three spaced apart lugs on each of the lateral edges.  
  After the tool has been inserted into cylinder liner 5, as above described, the liner is ready to be ejected from cylinder 3 of engine block 1. Ejection may be accomplished in several different ways. One method of ejection may be effected with the use of a threaded bolt (not shown). Body member 10 has a threaded bore hole 14 formed therethrough, extending between upper surface 13 and lower surface 12 thereof. The bolt is inserted into bore 14 and rotated until it impinges upon the upper surface of piston 2. In order to prevent any damage to piston 2 and to decrease the frictional forces, it is recommended that a lubricant, such as grease, be added to the end ofthe bolt. Further rotation of the bolt causes the tool to be forced upwardly. whereby, lugs 20 and 25 forceably engage edge por tions 8 of liner ports 6 causing cylinder liner 5 to be ejected from cylinder block 3.  
  A second method of ejection can be utilized wherein lower surface 12 of body member 10 includes a bearing portion which is adapted to receive an ejection force delivered directly by piston 2. The crankshaft of the en gine is rotated, causing piston 2 to move upwardly until it impinges upon the bearing portion of lower surface 12. In FIG. 5, lower surface 12 and its bearing portion are shown as being flat and coextensive in order to match the flat upper surface of piston 2. The piston heads in many diesel engines are not flat, but rather, are shaped in raised convex fashion in order to increase the compression within the cylinder. If desired, the bearing portion of lower surface 12 could be modified from the flat surface depicted in the drawings and given a slightly dished shape to match the upper surface of the curved cylinders. In any event, after cylinder 2 has been raised to contact lower surface 12, the engine crankshaft is rotated further causing piston 2 to forceably urge the tool and cylinder liner 5 upwardly until the piston reaches its uppermost point of travel. At this point. the carbon bond between liner 5 and cylinder block 3 is usually broken and the tool and liner may then be manually grasped by the operator and simply removed from the engine by hand.  
  A conventional slide-hammer (not shown) of the type having a threaded portion at one end and a head at the other end with a slidable weight therebetween, could also be employed in certain instances to impart an ejection force to my tool. The threaded end of the slide-hammer is inserted into threaded bore 14 and the slidable weight carried by the hammer is moved upwardly striking the head of the hammer. This tapping action between the slidable weight and hammer head imparts an upwardly directed force to the tool. If the force of the carbon bond between liner 5 and cylinder 3 is not too great, this tapping action of the slidehammer is sufficient to eject the liner.  
  The tool of my invention may also be used as an aid in inserting new cylinder liners into the engine block cylinders. As is sometimes the case in fitting new cylinder liners into engine blocks, the new liners become stuck before they are fully inserted due to dimensional variations occurring in the cylinder and/or the liner. In such cases it is necessary to entirely remove the new liner in order to permit additional work on the cylinder or it is necessary to rotate the liner within the cylinder so that it may be properly seated therein. My tool can be inserted into the ports of the new liner and provide the mechanic with a useful tool for manipulating the new liner so that it can be properly seated within the cylinder.  
  While I have shown and described several presently preferred embodiments of my invention, it may be otherwise embodied without departing from the scope of the appended claims.  
 I claim:  
  1. A tool for removing ported cylinder liners from the cylinder blocks of piston driven engines, the tool comprising:  
 a. an elongated, rigid body member including 0p posed upper and lower surfaces and opposed arcuately formed lateral edges, said body member also carrying integral first and second pairs of spaced apart lugs extending outwardly from opposed lateral edges thereof, said second pair of lugs having a length substantially twice that of said first pair of lugs; and  
 b. a spring member mounted on the lateral edge of the body and outwardly extending therefrom positioned between the second pair of lugs, said spring member adapted to engage the cylinder liner to center the tool therein, whereby, the terminal ends of the first and second pairs of lugs are substantially flush with the outer sidewall of the cylinder liner to permit the removal of said liner from the cylinder block.  
  2. The tool of claim 1 wherein the lugs each include an upper bearing surface shaped to conform to the con figuration of the upper edge portions of the cylinder liner ports.  
  3. The tool of claim 1 wherein the lower surface of the body member includes a bearing portion adapted to receive an ejection force delivered by the piston, whereby upon rotation of the engine crankshaft, the piston moves upwardly within the cylinder liner and contacts the bearing portion of the lower surface of the body member, further rotation of the engine crankshaft causing the piston to forceably urge the tool and cylin der liner upwardly to permit the removal of said liner from the cylinder block.  
  4. The tool of claim 1 wherein the body member has a threaded bore hole formed therethrough and extending between the upper and lower surfaces thereof, said bore hole adapted to receive a threaded bolt therein whereby an ejection force is applied to the body member when the bolt is rotatably moved into contact with the piston.