Apparatus for automatically producing mold parts
Elite States atent Gunnergaard [4 1 Apr. 29, 1975 APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCING MOLD PARTS [75] Inventor: Marius Gunnergaard. Lyngby Denmark [73] Assignee: Dansk lndustri Syndikat A/S,  
 Herle\&#39; Denmark [22] Filed: Sept. 19. I972 [21] Appl. No.: 290.369  
 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Sept. 23. 1971 Denmark 4651/71 [52] US. Cl. 164/200; 141/67; 164/40 [51} Int. Cl. B22c 15/28 [581 Field of Search 164/19. 20. 21, 22, 37. 164/40. 200.155. 201, 202: 141/67. 68  
 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3.274.651 9/1966 Oliveira 164/22 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 603.754 8/1960 Canada 164/40 Primary Examiner- Francis S. Husar Assistant E.\&#39;aminer.lohn E. ROethel Altorney, Agent, or Firm-Imirie, Smiley &amp; Linn In an automatic mold part producing apparatus having a mold chamber which is filled with mold forming material that subsequently is compressed between a pair of opposite end walls or pattern boards, the mold forming material is forced into said mold chamber by means of pressurizedair, the pressure of which is gradually or stepwise increased during the chamber filling operation, for the purpose of achieving uniform compactness or density of the mold forming material throughout the height of the mold chamber.  
 ABSTRACT 4 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCING MOLD PARTS BACKGROL&#39;ND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method of operating automatic mold part producing apparatus comprising a pressing chamber which. on one side. is closed by a pressure plate or pattern board that reciprocally is displaceable in the axial direction and. on the other side, by a counterpressure plate or pattern board which. for preference. remains stationary during the pressing operation. Through one or more passage apertures the chamber communicates with a supply bin for sand or similar mold forming material which is forced into and fills the mold chamber and subsequently is compressed by the movement of the pressure plate towards the counterpressure plate.  
  A machine of this type for automatically producing mold parts is disclosed by Jeppesen US Pat. No. 3.008.199. In practice. the mold chamber of this machine is. in its top and/or side walls, provided with one or more slots through which the sand from the supply bin is forced into the mold chamber. for instance, by means of centrifugal impellers or by the use of pressurized air.  
  When pressurized air is used for this purpose, the supply bin, after having received the requisite quantity of sand. is hermetically sealed off from the surroundings. Following this. the upper part of the supply bin is connected to a pressurized air tank so that the air pressure will force the sand into the mold chamber until it is filled.  
  When using the prior art apparatus it has been found that the compactness or density of the sand in the filled mold chamber decreases in the vertical direction and that this variation of the compactness changes only negligibly in the course of the subsequent pressing operation. This is connected with the circumstance that the sand possesses a very low degree of flow. The varying compactness of the sand has the effect that the pressure plate which. normally, rests on the bottom of the chamber. tends to rise slightly therefrom during the compressing movement whereby the precision of the mold parts produced is adversely affected. Moreover, by the termination of the compressing movement, portions or fractions of the mold part formed may be torn off as the pressing plate, during this phase. will again sink down into abutment against the bottom of the mold chamber.  
  In addition, the varying compactness of the sand results in a varying resilience in the mold part when relieved from pressure by the backward motion of the pressure plate. As a consequence thereof. the pressurerelieved mold part will have a slightly greater thickness at the bottom than at the top and. when assembling a series of such mold parts so as to form a coherent string of molds. it will not in all circumstances be possible to ensure the desired tightness at the contact faces between the individual mold parts.  
 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The disadvantages enumerated above can be remedied by the method according to the invention the concept of which resides in increasing the speed at which the material particles are forced into the mold chamber during the chamber filling operation.  
  The increase of the particle velocity during the filling operation. in correlation with the very low degree of flow of the mold part material, results in a practically uniform material compactness in the vertical direction of the mold chamber, which is due to the circumstance that, during the filling of the chamber. the adverse effect of the gravitational force on the compactness of the material is compensated by the increase of particle velocity.  
  When. in a known manner, pressurized air is utilized to force the mold part material into the mold chamber, the air pressure above the volume of material present in the supply bin may be increased while the mold chamber is being filled. In this way it becomes possible, while using relatively simple means, to achieve the desired variation in the particle velocity during the filling of the chamber.  
  The invention also relates to an apparatus intended for carrying out the new method explained above. This apparatus comprises a supply bin which is connected with either at least one pressurized air tank via at least two valves that can be successively opened, or with at least two separate pressurized air tanks via individual valves that can be successively opened. or with at least one pressurized air tank via an adjustable valve which is controlled in such a way that its flow area increases while the mold chamber is being filled.  
  Each of the alternative embodiments is easy to realize in practice and each renders the desired increase in the air pressure possible during the filling of the mold chamber, if so required, in an automatic or semiautomatic manner.  
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the relevant components of an embodiment of the apparatus. and  
  FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are diagrammatic plan views of the apparatus in three different embodiments.  
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In FIG. 1, a mold chamber C having side walls 1, a bottom 2 and a top wall 3, as well as two end walls that are constituted by a counterpressure plate 4 and a pressing plate or ram 5, respectively. These two end walls 4 and 5 each carry a pattern plate 6 and a model part 7.  
  Through a slot 8 in the top wall 3, the mold chamber C can receive sand or similar mold part material from a hopper-like supply bin 9 that is assumed to be filled with sand up to the level 10 shown in broken lines.  
  In the situation shown, supply bin 9 is sealed off from the surroundings but, via one or more ducts 11 with a valve 12, it communicates with one or more pressurized air tanks 13.  
  According to FIG. 2, the apparatus is provided with two pressurized air tanks 13 which through individual ducts 11a and 11b with associated valves 12a and 12b are connected to supply bin 9. At the start of the filling operation, only valve 12a is assumed to be open and, furthermore. the two pressurized air tanks 13 are assumed to have a uniform starting pressure. When the mold chamber C has been partially filled, valve 12b is also opened, whereby it is possible to achieve a pressure increase above the sand in supply bin 9, such pressure increase requiring an increasing supply of air per unit of time inasmuch as the volume above the sand in creases gradually as mold chamber C is being filled.  
  Other possibilities for operating the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2 consist in allowing the two pressurized air tanks 13 to have different starting pressure and. possibly, different capacities, and the valves 12a and 12b maythen be operative alternatively so that only one of these valves is open at a time. The flow capacity of the valves can be adjusted at will,  
  Also according to FIG, 3 the supply bin 9 is connected with two ducts 11a and 11b with valves 12a and 12b, but these ducts communicate with a common pressurized air tank 13. The operation can proceed as explained in connection with FIG. 2.  
  According to FIG. 4 the supply bin 9 communicates with a single pressurized air tank 13 via a single duct 11 fitted with an adjustable valve 120. It is possible for this valve to be controlled according to a predetermined program with a view to changing the flow area, or else it may be controlled dependently upon the pressure actually prevailing inside supply bin 9 and pressurized air tank 13 in a way so as to achieve the desired filling process of&#39;mold chamber C.  
 I claim:  
  1. Apparatus for&#39; automatically producing mold parts, comprising a horizontally disposed mold chamber naving a pair of opposite, end walls of which at least one is axially displaceable, a mold material supply bin above said chamber, at least one passage opening means forming communication between the top of said mold chamber and the bottom of said supply bin for vertically supplying material from said bin to said chamber, and at least one pressurized air tank communicating with said supply bin above the normal level of material therein through valve-means for supplying air acting on said supplied material in two successively increasing pressure stages during the chamber filling operation.  
  2. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said valve means comprises at least one adjustable valve having a flow area that is increased during the chamber filling operation.  
  3. Apparatus according to claim 2 comprises at least two pressurized air tanks communicating with said supply bin through individual and successively operated valves.  
 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said valve means comprises two successively operated valves.