Method of controlling fungi
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of our abandoned application Ser. No. 234,982, filed Mar. 15, 1972, which in turn is a continuation of our abandoned application Ser. No. 53,307, filed July 8, 1970 which in turn is a continuation-in-part of our abandoned application Ser. No. 722,549, filed Apr. 19, 1968. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to a method of controlling fungi or for protecting objects from fungous diseases, in particular for protecting plants from fungous attack by treatment with substituted benzoic acid derivatives, especially substituted benzanilides. 
     It is known that tetramethylthiuram disulfide may be used for controlling fungi. However its action is not satisfactory. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling fungi. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of preventing plants from being affected by fungi. A further object of the invention is to provide a method of controlling fungi with substituted benzoic acid derivatives. 
     These and other objects of the invention are achieved with compounds having the formula ##SPC1## 
     In which R 1  denotes lower alkyl, chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoromethyl, nitro or amino and R 2  denotes phenyl or cycloalkyl of 6-8 carbon atoms. They exhibit good action on injurious fungi, especially from the class of Basidiomycetes, e.g., Rhizoctonia, Coniophora, Tilletia, Puccinia and Ustilago. 
     The active ingredients may be prepared by known methods, e.g., by reacting a carboxylic acid having the formula ##SPC2## 
     In which R 1  has the meanings given above, or an ester, anhydride, or halide of this acid with an amine having the formula H 2  N--R 2 . R 2  having the meaning given above. 
     By organic or inorganic acids we mean for example the following acids: hydrochloric acid, hydriodic acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and benzenesulfonic acid. 
     The preparation of the active ingredients is illustrated by the following examples (in which parts are by weight). 
     Preparation of 2-methylbenzoic cyclohexylamide 
     9.9 PARTS OF CYCLOHEXYLAMINE IS DISSOLVED IN 100 PARTS OF BENZENE AND THE MIXTURE IS REACTED WITH 15.5 PARTS OF 2-METHYLBENZOYL CHLORIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF 12 PARTS OF TRIETHYLAMINE AT 10°C. The whole is stirred for 3 hours at 60°C and then cooled; the precipitated triethylamine chloride is filtered, the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum and the residue is recrystallized from a mixture of methanol and water. 
     Yield: 90% of the theory; melting point: 132°C. 
     The following compounds are examples of the active ingredients: 
     
                                  m.p.                                             
2-methylbenzoic cyclohexylamide                                           
                         132°C                                     
2-methylbenzoic cyclooctylamide                                           
                         113 to 115°C                              
2-bromobenzanilide       117 to 119°C                              
2-trifluoromethylbenzanilide                                              
                         151 to 152°C                              
2-methylbenzanilide      126°C                                     
2-nitrobenzanilide       155°C                                     
2-aminobenzanilide       130 to 131°C                              
2-chlorobenzanilide      115°C                                     
2-iodobenzanilide        143 to 144°C                              
 
    
     The agents according to this invention may be used as solutions, emulsions, suspensions or dusts. The form of application depends entirely on the purpose for which the agents are being used; in any case it should ensure a fine distribution of the active ingredient. 
     For the preparation of solutions to be sprayed direct, mineral oil fractions with medium to high boiling points such as kerosene or diesel oil, coal-tar oils and oils of vegetable and animal origin, cyclic hydrocarbons, such as tetrahydronaphthalene, and alkylated naphthalenes are suitable. 
     Aqueous formulations may be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders by adding water. To prepare emulsions the ingredients as such or dissolved in a solvent may be homogenized in water by means or wetting or dispersing agents. Concentrates which are suitable for dilution with water may be prepared from active ingredient, emulsifying or dispersing agent and possibly solvent. 
     Dusts may be prepared by mixing or grinding the active ingredients with a solid carrier. The salts of the active ingredients may also be used in the form of their aqueous solutions. 
     The good fungicidal properties of the agents are illustrated by the following Examples. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     The active ingredients are dissolved in acetone and dispersed in a nutrient agar (malt) as described in Example 1. The agar is then similarly inoculated with small flakes of mycelium of Coniophora cerebella. The fungus is incubated for 6 days at 25°C and the extent of the development of the fungus colonies is then assessed. The results are shown in the Table below in which ##EQU1## 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     The active ingredients are thoroughly triturated in amounts of 20 and 40% (by weight) with talc. 0.01 g of spores of wheat bunt (Tilletia tritici) is thoroughly dispersed with 0.2 g of the mixture of active ingredient and talc and the whole is dusted onto 10 g of puddled earth in Petri dishes having a diameter of 5 cm. The dishes are then kept in a refrigerator for ten days at 10° to 12°C. By this time the spores in the control dish (mixture of spores and talc) have germinated and the action of the agents in the other dishes can be assessed as follows: ##EQU2## 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The active ingredients are dissolved in acetone in amounts of 0.05, 0.025 and 0.01% (by weight) and thoroughly dispersed in a still liquid nutrient agar (malt). The agar is poured out into Petri dishes with a diameter of 5 cm. After the agar has solidified the dishes are inoculated in the centre with small flakes of mycelia of Rhizoctania solani and Coniophora cerebella. The fungi are incubated at 25°C and after 6 (Rhizoctonia) or 4 (Coniophora) days the extent of the development of the fungus colonies is assessed. The results are shown in the Table below in which ##EQU3## 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Leaves of pot grown oat seedlings are artificially infected with spores of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) and placed in a chamber saturated with water vapor for 24 hours at 18° to 20° C. The plants are then sprayed with aqueous emulsions of a mixture of 80% active ingredient and 20% emulsifying agent and then left for 10 days in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20° and 22°C and where the relative air humidity is 75 to 80%. The extent of the development of the rust fungus is then assessed. ##EQU4##