System for millesimal measure
This invention concerns a system of millesimal linear measure, applicable to any instrument or measuring mechanism and characterized by the simultaneous existence of two micrometric advances: one normal or conventional micrometric advance and another supplementary one, with as small a pitch as desired, which we might call a differential advance, and which is obtained through a combination of coaxial screw threads by careful selection of normal pitches, all of which permits a reading of greater sensitivity and precision. 
     Mechanical instruments for linear measure known until now are based on the advance of a micrometric screw which is responsible for the degree of precision obtained, dependent on two principal factors: the quality of manufacture and magnitude of screw pitch. 
     Other factors being equal, the sensitivity of the measure and therefore, confidence in it, is greater the smaller the pitch is. Now, the obtaining of a very small pitch, under certain values, is limited by the practical reuirements and possibilities involved. 
     The system being described achieves this greater sensitivity of measurement without being affected by the above-mentioned limitations, reaching almost any pitch desired by compensation of pitches through a differential mechanism. 
     In this way, the adoption of normal pitches which have been carefully selected results in a differential advance of a potential pitch as small as may be desired. 
     In order to make the nature, characteristics and advantages of this system clearer, an example of its achievements, though neither exhaustive nor limiting, has been given below, with FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, representing the principal elements included in the description of this invention, which are identified by number. 
    
    
     For purposes of clarity and to avoid the need to repeat the number of the figure being described each time, the same number has been assigned to the same part in all figures. 
     FIG. 1 is the longitudinal section representing one of the possible forms of practical use of the system schematically. 
     FIGS. 2 and 4 are longitudinal sections showing in detail parts of FIG. 1. 
     FIGS. 3 and 5 are transverse sections of FIGS. 2 and 4 as cut by lines II--II and IV--IV, respectively. 
     FIG. 6 is the exterior view that demonstrates the two practical possibilities for reading the measurements obtained: reading by scale or, alternatively, by numeric counter. 
    
    
     Thus, with reference to these figures, it can be seen that the principal element is the part we will call the differential cylinder, which is assigned reference number 5 in the figures for purposes of identification. This differential cylinder contains a screw thread with pitch &#34;p&#34; suitable for normal micrometric measure of high precision, in which the principal screw of the measure turns 1. The outside of the cylinder carries another screw thread of pitch P, different from the previous one, around which the frame 10 turns. The relationship between both pitches is expressed by the formula: P = p+d with &#34;d&#34; as any number, positive or negative. Normally, in practical use, &#34;d&#34; could be a decimal number. 
     Example: Thus, if p = 0.5 mm and d = 0.1 mm, the value of &#34;p&#34; will be: P = p + 0.1 mm = 0.6 mm. 
     If the scale reading method is used, zone 7 of this differential cylinder contains, circularly, the measurement scale of the units of the order P-p/n, 
     with &#34;n&#34; as the number of divisions of the contour of this scale. 
     Example: If P = 0.6 mm, p = 0.5 mm and n = 100, a division of the thimble is one thousandth (a millesimal part) of a mm. 
     The scale of units of the order P-p is arranged according to a generatrix of the sleeve 10. The distance between two consecutive lines on this scale is equal to pitch P but its metrological representation is P-p. 
     The materialization of the units of the order &#34;p&#34; can be accomplished in various ways. FIG. 6, reference 21 shows one of the possible solutions. 
     If the numerical reading method is used, two independent coaxial numerical counters are involved: a normal one related to the principal screw 1 which indicates the reading of the units of order &#34;P&#34; and another differential one, related to the differential cylinder 5, which indicates the reading of the remaining units; that is, from those of the order P-p to those of P-p/n, 
     all inclusive. 
     A combined reading is also possible by using, for example, the first counter, called the normal counter, for units of an order above P-p and substituting the differential counter for the corresponding scale reading described previously. 
     FIGS. 4 and 5 represent one of the possible ways of using the first, or normal, counter, which also includes a mechanism for setting the principal screw 1 in the angular position corresponding to each complete rotation of it. As can be seen from these figures, the principal screw 1 activates the auxiliary activation ring 12 for the normal counter by means of the interposition between both of them of the ball joint 14 located in a spherical socket of the principal screw 1 and sliding the length of a crack 13 placed according to an internal generatrix of the auxiliary ring in question of the normal counter 12 so that the principal screw 1 can be displaced axially both when it turns and when it experiences no turn as a result of having immobilized the movement of the auxiliary ring of the normal counter 12 through the circumstantial inclusion of a ball for positioning and setting 16 in the socket 17 activated by pressing the spring 15. 
     FIGS. 2 and 3 represent one of the possible solutions for use of the differential counter. As may be seen by these figures, the differential cylinder 5 draws with its rotation the auxiliary activation ring of the differential counter 9 which moves the figures of a counter, represented by 11, composed of as many numerical rings as necessary for measuring the units of P-p to P-p/n. 
     This auxiliary activation ring of the differential counter 9 serves a triple function: 
     - It receives at all times the transmission of angular movements from the differential cylinder 5 through the action of the setscrew 19 on the slide 18. 
     - It permits at all times the freedom of relative axial displacements between this ring and the above-mentioned differential cylinder, by means of the action of the slide 18 which, regulated by the setscrew 19, slides the length of the track 20. 
     - It permits, at a given moment, through the circumstantial release of the setscrew 19, incidental variation of the relative angular position of the parts formed by the auxiliary activation ring of the differential counter 9 and the differential cylinder 5, for purposes of the regulation and exact position at zero of the instrument readings. 
     The frame 10 supports the entire system and contains the windows for reading the counters located inside it. 
     The positioning of the principal screw 1 and differential cylinder 5 can be accomplished by independent operations or a single operation, but always with the corresponding interposition of a coupling or clutch limiter. 
     FIGS. 1 and 6 represent the operation with two independent controls, the one for quick approximation or advance 2, which acts on the principal screw 1, and the one for differential or slow advance 3 which acts on the differential cylinder 5 by means of the surface of the coupling 4. 
     Both operate according to their corresponding limiters. 
     When the differential reading is of the scale type the system can be regulated by dividing the differential cylinder 5 into two parts according to line 6 which are interrelated by a setscrew not represented in the figures, in the case of the reading by numeric counter, by varying the relative angular position of the auxiliary activation ring of the differential counter 9 and differential cylinder, through movement of the setscrew 19 accessible through the frame 10. 
     The description and illustrations make it evident that in practice all the modifications in detail, while not altering the essence of this invention, may be introduced that are included in the following framework for claims of replevin: