Combating weeds in rice with benzothiazole derivatives
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to 3-(5-substituted benzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea, their method of preparation, and the use thereof as a selective herbicide. 
     The compounds of the invention may be represented by the formula: ##SPC2## 
     Wherein R is chlorine atom, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or methoxy. 
     Hitherto, it is said in U.S. Pat. No. 2,756,135 that 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea having herbicidal activity can be prepared by reaction of a 2-methylaminobenzothiazole with a N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride as illustrated by the following equation: ##SPC3## 
     However, said compound was not obtained, but starting materials were recovered though the inventor followed the above reaction according to the Example 1 and 3 of the specification of U.S. Pat. No. 2,756,135. 
     In case of using a 2-methylamino-5-substituted benzothiazole instead of a 2-methylaminobenzothiazole, starting materials were recovered and objective product was not obtained. As the results of a lot of experiments, it has been found that the compound of this invention can be prepared be the reactions illustrated below: ##SPC4## 
     In practical method of the reaction described in above (1), 2-methylamino-5-substituted benzothiazole and N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride are dissolved in an inert solvent and sodiumhydrid is added dropwise to the mixture which is stirred, preferably in a stream of nitrogen. 
     As an inert solvent, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide etc. are used. Ordinarily, temperatures from the range of -10˜20°C, and preferably -5˜20°C are satisfactorily employed. 
     After the end of the reaction, the reaction mixture may be poured into water and the precipitate is separated from an aqueous solution by filtration or from an extraction by solvent. 
     The separated compound may be further washed with water, if necessary, and purified by recrystallizing from an organic solvent or by column chromatography. 
     In case of the reaction described in above (2), 2-methylamino-5-substituted benzothiazole is allowed to react with phosgene in the presence of (C 2  H 5 ) 2  O.sup.. BF 3  using an organic solvent such as benzene, toluene and ether etc. at a temperature from -20° to 70°, preferably -10° to 50°C, and at this time N-methyl-N-(5-substituted benzothiazole-2-yl)carbamic acid chloride as intermediates is prepared. Then, dimethylamine is added to the reaction mixture and 3-(5-substituted benzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea is obtained by the same post-treatment as the above (1). 
     The oily compound in the present invention is isolated as hydrogen chloride salt by blowing dry hydrogen chloride into said oily compound in an organic solvent. 
     The product is identified by means of an elementary analysis, NMR spectrum and IR spectrum. 
    
    
     The methods of preparing typical compounds of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     3-(5-chlorobenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC5## 
     N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride (1.1g) and 5-chloro-2-methylaminobenzothiazole (2g) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (25ml) and the mixture was stirred while adding slowly sodiumhydride (0.44g, 55% oily) in a stream of nitrogen for an hour and maintaining the temperature below -5°C. After stirring 3 additional hours at the room temperature, the mixture was poured into water (100ml) and the precipitate was filtrated, washed and dried. 
     White needles (1.7g) having a melting point of 115°-117°C was obtained by recrystallizing from ligroin. 
     Analysis. Calculated for C 11  H 12  N 3  OSCl (%) : C, 48.98; H, 4.45; N, 15.58; Cl, 13.17. Found (%) : C, 48.70; H, 4.30; N, 15.84; Cl, 12.91. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     3-(5-methylbenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC6## 
     (C 2  H 5 ) 2  O.sup.. BF 3  (0.9g) was added dropwise to toluene (110ml) in which plosgene (5g) were dissolved, 5-methyl-2-methylaminobenzothiazole (7.5g) were added to the mixture and it was stirring 3 hours at 60°C. The mixture was cooled below 10°C after maintained the temperature 70°C for an hour and dimethylamine (4g) was added to it maintaining the temperature below 30°C. 
     After stirring an hour at the temperature from the range of 25° to 30°C the precipitate (hydrochloric acid salt of dimethylamine) was filtered and white crystal was obtained by concentrating toluene solution under reduced pressure. 
     White needles (4.2g) having a melting point of 72-74°C were obtained by recrystallizing from ligroin. 
     Analysis. Calculated for C 12  H 15  N 3  OS (%): C, 57,83; H, 6.02; N, 16.87. Found (%): C, 57.88; H, 6.10; N, 16.89. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     3-(5-ethylbenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC7## 
     N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride (0.9g) and 5-ethyl-2-methylaminobenzothiazole (1.6g) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (20ml) and the mixture was stirred while adding slowly sodium-hydride (0.36g, 55% oily) in a stream of nitrogen for an hour and maintained the temperature below -5°C. After stirring 3 additional hours, the mixture was poured into water (100ml) and oily substances having thin yellow color was obtained. 
     After the oily substances were extracted with chloroform and dried with magnesium sulfate, thin yellow oily substances (1.0g) having a refractive index of n D   20  1.6061 was obtained from distillating chloroform under reduced pressure. It indicated an absorption of carbonyl group at a wavelength of 1670cm.sup. -1  in IR spectrum. The hydrochloric acid salt of it having a melting point of 164°-166°C and a white color was obtained by blowing dry hydrogen chloride gas into oily substance. 
     Analysis of hydrochloride -- Calculated for C 13  H 18  N 3  OSCl (%): C, 52.09; H, 5.99; N, 14.00; Cl, 11.83. Found (%): C, 52.20; H, 6.12; N, 14.23; Cl, 12.12. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     3-(5-isopropylbenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC8## 
     Phosgene (3.3g) were dissolved in toluene (100ml) and (C 2  H 5 ) 2  O.sup.. BF 3  (0.5g) was added dropwise to the mixture below -10°C. 
     Further, 5-isopropyl-2-methylaminobenzothiazole (4g) were added to the mixture and it was stirred for 3 hours at 60°C. 
     After maintaining it an hour at 70°C, the mixture was cooled below 10°C and dimethylamine (2g was added to it below 30°C. The resulting precipitate was removed by filtration after stirring an hour at the temperature of 25°-30°C and thin yellow oily substances (3g) were obtained by concentrating the toluene solution under reduced pressure. 
     White hydrochloric acid salt having a melting point of 135°-138°C was obtained by blowing dry hydrochloric acid gas into the oily substances in chloroform. It indicated an absorption of carbonyl group at a wavelength of 1665cm.sup. -1  in IR spectrum. 
     Analysis of hydrochloride -- Calculated for C 14  H 20  N 3  OSCl (%): C, 53.59; H, 6.38; N, 13.40; Cl 11.32. 
     Found (%) C, 53.17; H, 6.56; N, 13.14; Cl, 11.45. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     3-(5-t-butylbenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC9## 
     The same reaction procedures as Example 1 were carried out by using N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride (1.1g), 2-methylamino-5-t-butylbenzothiazole (2.2g) and sodiumhydride (0.44g, 55% oily), and thereby 3-(5-t-butylbenzothiazole-2-il)-1,1,3-trimethylurea having a melting point of 107° - 108°C was obtained as a white needles. 
     Analysis. Calculated for C 12  H 15  N 3  O 2  S (%): C, 61.85; H, 7.21; N, 14.43. Found (%): C, 61.92; H, 7.18; N, 14.51. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     3-(5-methoxybenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC10## 
     The same reaction procedures as Example 3 were carried out by using N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride (1,7g), 5-methoxy-2-methylaminobenzothiazole (3g) and sodiumhydride (0.68g, 55% oily), and thereby 3-(5-methoxybenzothiazole-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea (1.2g) having a refractive index of n D   20  1.6098 was obtained as a thin yellow oily substance and indicated an absorption of carbonyl group at a wavelength of 1660cm 116  1 in IR spectrum. 
     Analysis. Calculated for C 12  H 15  N 3  O 2  S (%): C, 54.34; H, 5.66; N, 15.84. Found (%): C, 54.40; H, 5.70; N, 15.95. 
     EXAMPLE 7 3-(5-butylbenzothiazol-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea ##SPC11## 
     The same reaction procedures as Example 3 were carried out by using N,N-dimethylcarbamoylchloride (1.7g), 5-butyl-2-methylaminobenzothiazole (3.3g) and sodiumhydride (0.75g, 50%), and thereby 3-(5-butylbenzothiazol-2-yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea having a refractive index of n D   17  1.5820 was obtained as oily substance. 
     It is already know that 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea has strong herbicidal properties as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,756,135. It exhibits selective herbicidal properties when it is used in cotton, wheat and barley cultivation, however it cannot be used for selective weed control in rice cultivation because it has strong herbicidal activity in soil treatment and phytotoxicity for rice plant. Moreover, when it is applied after emergence in wheat cultivation, in which the weeds have already grown to a substantial height, it is difficult to perfectly control such weeds without damage to the cultivated plants. 
     And it has been disclosed in German Offenlegungsschrift P 2150107.5 that 1,3-dimethyl-1-[2-(5-methylbenzothiazolyl)]-urea is highly selective in wheat cultivation and kills only weeds, even when both the weeds and wheat have grown. But it cannot be used in rice cultivation because there is heavy phytotoxicity to rice plant the same as 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea. 
     The inventors synthesized various benzothiazolylureas and examined the herbicidal activity thereof, and have discovered that 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea having at 5 position of benzothiazol ring a substituent such as chlorine, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl group is very suitable for selective weed control in both rice and wheat cultivation, particularly methyl ethyl, and tert-butyl substituents are superior. 
     Namely, the compound of the present invention hardly damage rice plant and wheat, whereas it completely destroys many kind of weeds such as smooth pigweed (Chenopodium album L.), green foxtail (Panicum viride L.), monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis PRESL), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), common sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), common chickweed (Alsine media L.), nutgrass (Cyperus ratundus L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzicola VASING.) and large crab-grass (Panicum sanguinalis L.) by foliar and soil treatments. 
     Consequently, the compounds of the present invention can be used for controlling weeds not only in wheat cultivation, but also in rice cultivation, because there is no fear for phytotoxicity to rice plant and wheat. 
     It is another advantage that the compounds of the present invention have low toxicity for warm blooded animals and fish. 
     In this invention, it is desirable that a proper quantity of active ingredient more than 50g per 10 are, preferably 50 - 200g per 10 are (&#34;are&#34; is &#34;100 square meters&#34;), is selectively used in accordance with the kind of composition. The compound may be applied to the plants or soils as it is or as wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, dust formulation, granular formulation or others in a form generally used in pesticidal compositions which is made by mixing with suitable carriers. As solid carriers, talc, bentonite, clay, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, etc. are used. As liquid carriers, water, alcohol, benzene, xylene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, kerosine, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide etc. are used. Incidentally, wettable powder or emulsifiable concentrate containing proper quantity of the active compound is suspended or emulsified in water and then sprayed to the foliages of the weeds or to the soil around the cultivated plants. Furthermore, the compounds may be used as a mixture with the known herbicides such as triazine derivatives, thiolcarbamate derivatives and the others. 
     Some examples in this invention are stated below. But the main compounds and the additives are not defined limitedly by these Examples. 
     
                       Example 8                                                   
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Wettable Powder        Parts by weight                                    
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3-(5-chlorobenzothiazole-2-                                               
                       50                                                 
yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea                                                   
Sodium alkylsulfonate   8                                                 
Diatomaceous earth     32                                                 
Silicic acid           10                                                 
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     These are mixed homogeneously and micronized to fine particles. Consequently, wettable powder containing 50% of the active ingredient is obtained. In practical use, it is diluted to a certain concentration with water and is sprayed as a suspension. 
     
                       Example 9                                                   
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Emulsifiable Concentrate                                                  
                       Part by weight                                     
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3-(5-ethylbenzothiazole-2-                                                
                       30                                                 
yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea                                                   
Polyoxyethylenealkylarylether                                             
                        8                                                 
Xylene                 42                                                 
Dimethylformamide      20                                                 
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     These are mixed and dissolved. Consequently, emulsifiable concentration containing 30% of the active ingredient is obtained. In practical use, it is diluted to certain concentration with water and then is sprayed as an emulsion. 
     
                       Example 10                                                  
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Dust Formulation       Part by weight                                     
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3-(5-methylbenzothiazole-2-                                               
                        7                                                 
yl)-1,1,3-trimethylurea                                                   
Talc                   39                                                 
Clay                   39                                                 
Bentonite              10                                                 
Sodium alkylsulfate     5                                                 
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     These are mixed homogeneously, reduced to fine particles. Consequently, dust formulation containing 7% of the active ingredient is obtained. In practical use, it is directly applied. 
     The compound of the present invention possess selective herbicidal activity and it must be stressed that the compounds of the above-mentioned general formula (1) in which R is methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl group particularly superior activity. 
     The superior selective herbicidal effect of compounds of this invention are clearly illustrated by the following tests. 
     TEST 1 
     Soil was packed in depth of 1cm in a dish having 9cm of diameter and 6cm of depth, and 15 seeds of rice plant and 40 seeds of barnyard grass were sown in it and covered slightly with soil. Said pot was filled with water when the test plants were grown to first leaf-stage. 
     Then, emulsifiable concentrate prepared by Example 9 were applied to the surface of the soil. 
     After 14 days, the degrees of damage to the test plants were observed and estimated by the value 0- 5 which have the following meaning. 
     0: no effect 
     1: a few slightly burnt spots 
     2: marked damage to leaves 
     3: some leaves and parts of stalks partially dead 
     4: plant partially destroyed 
     5: plant completely destroyed or no germination 
     The results were shown in Table 1. 
     
                                           Table 1                                 
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                          Application                                     
                                 Growth state                             
Test compound             rate   barnyard                                 
                          (g/10 are)                                      
                                 grass                                    
                                      rice plant                          
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                          500    4    1                                   
                          250    3    0                                   
                          500    5    0                                   
                          250    5    0                                   
                          500    5    0                                   
                          250    4    0                                   
                          500    5    1                                   
                          250    5    1                                   
                          500    5    0                                   
                          250    4    0                                   
                          500    4    1                                   
                          250    3    0                                   
                          500    5    0                                   
                          250    5    0                                   
Comparative compound      500    4    4                                   
                          250    3    2                                   
                          500    5    5                                   
                          250    5    2                                   
                          500    5    4                                   
                          250    3    3                                   
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 * U.S.P. 2,756,135                                                       
 ** Offenlegungsschrift P 2150107.5                                       
 
    
     TEST 2 
     Soil was packed in a dish having 9cm of diameter and 6cm of depth and 50 seeds of monochoria were sown in it. 
     An emulsifiable concentrate prepared by the similar method of Example 9 was diluted with water to a specified concentration and was sprayed on it when monochoria were grown to the first-leaf stage (height : 1cm). 
     After 7 and 20 days, a growth states of the test plants were observed and estimated by the value of 0- 5 which have the same meanings of those of Test 1. 
     The results were shown in the Table 2. 
     
                                           Table 2                                 
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                         Application                                      
                                Growth state                              
Test compound            rate                                             
                         (g/10 are)                                       
                                7 days                                    
                                     20 days                              
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                         200    0    5                                    
                         100    0    3                                    
                         200    1    5                                    
                         100    1    5                                    
                         200    2    5                                    
                         100    2    5                                    
                         200    4    5                                    
                         100    4    5                                    
                         200    4    5                                    
                         100    4    5                                    
                         200    2    5                                    
                         100    2    5                                    
Comparative compound                                                      
                         200    0    2                                    
                         100    0    0                                    
                         200    0    0                                    
                         100    0    0                                    
                         200    2    4                                    
                         100    0    2                                    
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 * U.S.P. 2,756,135                                                       
 ** Offenlegungsschrift P 2150107.5                                       
 
    
     TEST 3 
     About 10 seeds of wheat were sown in a flower-pot and covered slightly with soil containing the seeds of annual bluegrass. 
     An emulsifiable concentrate prepared by the similar method of Example 9 was diluted with water to a specified concentration and was sprayed on them when wheat and annual bluegrass were grown to the 6th-leaf stage. 
     After 21 days from the spraying, the growth states of the plants were observed and estimated by the value of 0-5 which have the same meanings of those of Test 1. The results were shown in the Table 3. 
     
                                           Table 3                                 
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Test compound         Application rate                                    
                                Growth state                              
                      (g/10 are)                                          
                                wheat                                     
                                    annual bluegrass                      
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                      50        0   4                                     
                      100       0   5                                     
                      200       0   5                                     
                      50        0   1                                     
                      100       0   1                                     
                      200       0   2                                     
Untreated             --        0   0                                     
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     TEST 4 
     Soil was packed in a pot of 100cm 2 , 10 seeds of wheat were sown in it and covered slightly with soil containing the seeds of large crab-grass and smooth pigweed. 
     An emulsifiable concentrate prepared by the similar method of Example 9 was diluted with water to a specified concentration and was sprayed on the soil next day, then the pot was put into a green-house. 
     After 21 days from the spraying, the growth states of the plants were observed and estimated by the value of 0-5 which have the same meanings of those of Test 1. 
     The results were shown in Table 4. 
     
                                           Table 4                                 
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Test compound         Application rate                                    
                               Growth states                              
                      (g/10 are)   large smooth                           
                               wheat                                      
                                   crab-grass                             
                                         pigweed                          
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                      125      0   2     3                                
                      250      0   3     4                                
                      125      0   0     0                                
                      250      0   0     2                                
                      125      0   0     1                                
                      250      0   0     3                                
Untreated             --       0   0     0                                
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