Zoom lens
This application is a continuaton-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 258,816, filed June 1, 1972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,285. 
    
    
     This invention relates to lenses and more particularly relates to variable focal length or zoom lenses. 
     Zooming lenses of the type using a front focusing group followed by a zooming group and image plane position compensation group, otherwise known as a compensating group, are quite widely known. Lenses of this type generally utilize two operating members, one for focusing and the other for clearing the equivalent focal length of the lens. Some lenses have been provided utilizing a single operating member which is moved axially on the lens barrel for zooming and which is rotated on the lens barrel for focusing. Such a lens is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,169,461. The construction as shown in that patent is relatively uncomplicated where only a single movable zooming group is utilized. 
     However, where there must be two or more axially movable lens groups in a zoom lens, means must be provided to present predetermined relative movement between the lens groups as each are moved axially. 
     Accordingly, the present invention provides a new and improved construction for a zoom lens utilizing a single operating member for both focusing and zooming which facilitates non-linear relative axial motion of two lens groups within a lens housing. More specifically, the operating member is arranged so that as it moves axially on the lens housing and moves one axially movable lens group, the motion imparted to the said one axially movable lens group imparts predetermined axial motion to the second movable lens group. 
     Briefly stated, the invention in one form thereof, comprises a lens having a cylindrical member with first and second guide slots defined therein. A first lens group has a mounting member with a pin extending therefrom into a first of the guide slots and therethrough to be received in an annular channel in the operating member. The first mounting member also has an axial slot defined therein. A second lens group is in a second mounting within the first mounting member and has a pin extending therefrom through the axial slot into the second guide slot. When the operating member is moved axially it moves the first pin in the first slot in both an axially and tangential direction, and as the first guide means rotates the sides of the axial slot engage the second pin and move it in the second guide slot so that predetermined non-linear relative motion is imparted to both of the movable lens groups. 
     An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved zoom lens for a still camera. 
     Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved mechanism for imparting non-linear relative motion to two movable lens groups. 
    
    
     The features of the invention which are believed to be novel are particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of this specification. The invention, however, both as to its organization and operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof may best be appreciated by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a side longitudinal half section partly cut away of the lens assembly embodying the invention; 
     FIGS. 2a and 2b are exploded, isometric views of the movable lens elements of the lens of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the lens of FIG. 1 with the focusing barrel cut away to expose the zoom tube; 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the lens elements of the lens of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 5 is a curve showing the relative movement of the zooming elements during a zooming mode of operation; and 
     FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view in section of an alternate construction of the lens of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     As shown in FIG. 1, an overall lens 10 embodying the invention comprises a cylindrical lens housing member or zoom tube 11, a focusing member 12, a focus and zoom ring or operating member 13 adapted to rotate member 12 and also slide longitudinally with respect thereto, housing members 14, 15 and 16 adapted to mount the fixed objective, hereinafter identified as Group IV, and a camera mount 17 secured to member 16. Tube 11 is fixed to member 14. The mount 17 as shown has a thread-type attachment. However, it may have a bayonet-type attachment dependent upon the camera body to which the lens 10 will be mounted. 
     The lens 10 further includes a mode selector ring or barrel 18 disposed about tube 11 and member 14, a focus and zoom ring support 19 which is rotatable and slidable with respect to barrel 18, a lens mount 20 for the focusing lens group I, a lens mount 21 for zoom lens group II and a lens mount 22 for the compensating lens group III. Lens mount 21 and lens group II are carried at one end of a ring 23 which may be considered as part or an extension of the mount of group II, while lens mount 22 and lens group III are carried in a zoom tube or ring 24 within ring 23. Ring 24 may be considered as part or an extension of the mount of group III. Ring 23 has extensions 25 thereon as will be more clear from exploded views of FIGS. 2a and 2b. 
     FIG. 2b illustrates essentially the same elements as FIG. 2a but with the parts rotated 180°. FIG. 2a shows the mode ring 18 while FIG. 2b shows the focus and zoom ring 13 with the forwarded portion thereof cut away. The purpose of extensions 25 is to release a detent switch to permit the lens to be used in a zooming mode of operation or a macro mode. U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,285 discloses and claims the mechanism for providing both zooming and macro modes of operation. The macro mode of operation is mentioned herein only because of common drawings. For a complete description of the macro mode of operation and the selection thereof reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 3,784,285. 
     During the zoom mode of operation, lens group II is moved along the length of tube 11 to vary the equivalent focal length (EFL) of the lens while compensating group III moves at a predetermined rate with respect to the zooming lens primarily to compensate for the image plane shift which occurs during zooming. While lens group III primarily acts as a compensator, it also cooperates with group II to vary the focal length. As will hereinafter be explained during the macro mode of operation, lens groups II and III move in fixed relation to focus an object at a very close distance to the lens. 
     A guide pin 26 is threadably received in tube 23 and extends therefrom through either a guide slot Z or a cam slot M in tube 11. The end of pin 26 is received within a channel 28 defined in the end of focus and zoom ring support 19. 
     With this arrangement, it will be seen that as focus and zoom ring 13 is moved linearly along tube 11, the pin in channel 28 will move in one of slots Z or M to impart a predetermined forward and reverse movement determined by the contour of cam slots Z or M, with respect to the linear movement of ring 13. A guide pin 30 extends from ring 24 through a longitudinal slot 31 in ring 23, through either of cam slots Z1 or M1 in tube 11 and into a cutout or recess 32 in mode ring 18. It will be noted that cam slots M and M1 in opposite sides of tube 11 have the same contour, while cam slots Z and Z1 have substantially different contours. As will hereinafter be more fully explained during a zooming mode of operation, the guide pins 26 and 30 move in cam slots Z and Z1, respectively, while the same pins move in cam slots M and M1, respectively, during the macro mode of operation. Otherwise stated, there is a first pair of guides Z and Z1 for lens groups II and III during zooming and a second pair of guides M and M1 for close-up focusing. 
     In FIG. 1, the lens is shown with the lens groupings in position for a maximum focal length. Focusing is effected by rotating ring 13. Ring 13 receives in a slot 33 therein pin or screwheads 34 extending from focusing member 12. Thus member 12 will rotate with ring 13, and on focusing threads 35 on tube 11 to cause lens mount 20 attached to member 36 to advance or retract with respect to tube 11. 
     If it is desired to change the focal length from the maximum towards the minimum, ring 13 is moved longitudinally with respect to tube 11 and carries therewith pin 26 in channel 28. Pin 26 moves in cam slot Z in tube 11 and carries therewith tube 23 and lens group II mounted therein. Tube 23 may move longitudinally with respect to tube 24 by virtue of the slot 31 therein through which guide pin 30 extends. The rotary movement of tube 23 produces relative movement of guide pin 30 due to the walls defining slot Z1. Therefore, pin 30 will move in slot Z1 at a predetermined rate and distance relative to tube 23. Lens group III moves at a predetermined longitudinal rate with respect to lens group II. 
     With this related movement, ring 13 may be operated along tube 11 to vary the EFL of the lens system between the maximum and minimum design EFL&#39;s. Curves showing the relative movement of lens groups II and III with respect to lens groups IV during the zooming mode of operation are set forth in FIG. 5. 
     When it is desired to change to the macro mode of operation, ring 13 is moved to the maximum EFL position as shown in FIG. 1. This enables the guide pins 26 and 30 to enter connecting slots 3 and S1 between the cam slots Z, M and Z1 and M1, respectively, in tube 11. At this time, pin 30 is extending through slot 31 in zoom tube 23, slot S1 and into recess 32 in mode ring 18. 
     Disposed within mode ring 18 at the end of tube 11 is a selector latch ring 38 seen more clearly in FIG. 2a, which has two detent recesses 39 and 40 defined therein and adapted to receive a detent latch member 41. As shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, latch member 41 is acted upon by a spring 42 received in a slot 43 defined by the outer periphery of member 16 and mode ring 18. Member 41 has a slot 44 therein which receives therethrough a threaded guide pin 45 carried in member 15. 
     Latch member 41 is thus movable under or against the influence of spring 42 a predetermined distance defined by the length of slot 43. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, latch 41 is in an unlatched position without detent 40 by virtue of the fact that extension 25 of zoom tube 23 has engaged the leading edge 46 and moved member 41 back against the bias of spring 42. Mode ring 18 may now be rotated to allow latch 41 to enter detent 39 and switch to the macro mode of operation. 
     As more clearly shown in FIG. 3, when the lens is to be switched to the macro mode of operation, the zoom ring will be fully retracted, pin 30 will be received in recess 32 of mode ring 18. Then mode ring 18 is rotated in the direction of the arrow to move pin 30, and therefore to the other end of slot S1 so that pin 30 may now move in slot M1. At the same time pin 26 will rotate in slot S to a position where it may enter cam slot M. 
     Slots M and M1 are arranged to provide equal movement of tubes 22 and 23. Ring 13 together with support member 19 and its channel 28 are moved longitudinally along tube 11. The movement of ring 13 causes pins 26 and 30 to follow cam slots M and M1, respectively, and lens groups II and III move for close focusing with a fixed distance therebetween. 
     The ring 50 is the usual aperture setting adjustment. Such construction and the connection to the adjustment therefore are well known in the art and are not set forth here to simplify the disclosure. 
     The first or focusing group is effective to focus an object from infinity to 1.8 meters and is a three-element construction with a positive convex-concave double convex cemented doublet and a single double convex positive lens. Therefore, the first group is positive. 
     Group II is the zooming lens and is a three-element construction of a double convex, double concave cemented doublet and a double concave negative lens. The second group or zoom lens therefore is of negative power. 
     Group III is a two-element cemented construction with a double concave, convex-concave construction, and is of negative power. 
     Group IV is a telephoto type lens utilizing a seven-element construction and is a positive lens group. 
     The optics herein described are disclosed and claimed in the copending application of Rinzo Watanabe and Ellis Betensky, Ser. No. 258,780, filed June 1, 1972 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,817,600. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the focusing connection between focusing member 12 and zoom ring 13. An axially directed slot 51 is defined in the outer surface of member 12, and a pin 52 extends through ring 13 into slot 51. This construction is the reverse of that shown in FIG. 1 and still permits the ring 13 to move axially to effect zooming, and to control focusing by rotary motion. 
     The ring or sleeve 13 serves as a one touch control or operating member which accomplishes both focusing and zooming. 
     It may thus be seen that the objects of the invention set forth as well as those made apparent form the foregoing description are efficiently attained. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been set forth for purposes of disclosure, modification to the disclosed embodiments of the invention as well as other embodiments thereof may occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to cover all embodiments of the invention and modifications to the disclosed embodiments which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.