Method and apparatus for thermal treatment of or for matter-exchange with pourable material
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for thermal treatment of or for matter exchange with pourable material, according to which the pourable material is placed into a container and air, the physical characteristics of which correspond to the treatment to be applied, is made to pass through it from below to above. 
     The simplest possibility for heat- or matter exchange with pourable materials is offered by the fluidized-bed or vortex-layer method, wherein a gas stream flows over a porous bottom through the fill and the flow-through speed is chosen so high that the contact forces between the individual particles are overcome by the flow energy. As is known, the pourable material then behaves similar to a liquid. In this method, local increases in the flow velocities make it possible to obtain a turnover of the pourable material, whereby heat- and matter exchange are intensified, as is known. 
     While in the case of pulverulent goods flow-through velocities about 0.1 m/s suffice to obtain fluidized-bed conditions, in the case of coarse-grain particles, e.g. synthetic plastic granulate, approximately a 10-fold airspeed is needed to bring the fill to this condition. Because of this, the method becomes uneconomical for coarse particles and one therefore settles for flow through the resting pourable material at low flow speeds. 
     Disadvantageous in this are the large dwell times which are determined by heat- and matter-exchange parameters, &#34;dead zones&#34; through which there is no flow and in which no heat- and matter exchange is effected, and a frequently occurring clumping and adhering of the pourable particles during a heating-, cooling-, moistening- or drying-process. 
     The invention has the purpose of creating a method of the type mentioned in the introduction and an apparatus for carrying it out, which make it possible to treat the pourable material completely, gently, energy-conservingly and with a short dwell time. 
     This problem is solved by the invention set forth in the claims. 
     It has been found that the basic concept of the invention, namely the separation of the supplied airstream into an airstream effecting the actual treatment and an airstream effecting the systematic turn-over of the pourable material, combines it in the advantages of the fluidized-bed treating method and of the method which operates with the pourable material at rest, whereas the specific disadvantages inherent in the two main methods, i.e. in the first case high energy use and danger of separation when mixtures of pourable materials are treated, in the latter case incomplete treatment and the danger of clump formation. The method according to the invention has been found particularly superior for the treatment of granulate-type pourable materials. 
    
    
     In the drawing, an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention is shown diagrammatically simplified on hand of an exemplary embodiment. 
    
    
     The pourable material to be heated, cooled, dried or de-gassed is filled into a container 1 with a conical bottom 2 and central tube 3. The lower section 9 of the central tube consists of porous material, e.g. sieve fabric, which makes the flow-through of gas possible but prevents passage of pourable-material particles. 
     With the aid of a gas compressor 4 gas is directed through the opening 5 into the fill. Because of the lower flow resistance the gas flows predominantly through the central tube, whereby it entrains pourable material which slides down through the gap 6 between the central tube and the container wall and conveys it pneumatically to the upper end of the central tube 3 where it is deflected with the aid of a shielding cone 7 and is deposited again on the surface of the fill. 
     The pressure difference Δp obtaining between the lower end and the upper end of the central riser tube causes a part of the gas stream to travel as a trickle-flow in accordance with the arrows 8, through the pores of the fill which is practically at rest. This trickle-flow essentially effects the desired heat-and matter exchange. The flow in the central riser tube, however, is of almost no consequence for the heat-and matter exchange, because of the very low dwell time of the particles. It only effects a turn-over and movement of the fill. However, via the size of the area of the porous section 9 of the central tube it is now possible to determine the gas quantity which, due to the pressure in the central tube which is higher than the pressure in the fill, flows from the central tube into the fill and as a trickle-flow through the same. This guarantees a flow through the fill with simultaneous turnover and, in appropriate circumstances, mixing of the material to be treated. 
     A further possibility of increasing the quantity of gas issuing from the porous section 9 resides in reducing the distance between upper edge of riser tube and shielding cone 7, to increase the pressure difference Δp.