Mortar for anticondensate, antimoisture, heat-insulating, and biocidal plaster
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to mortars with anticondesate, animoisture diffusive, heat-insulating, and biocidal qualities to be used for interior or exterior plastering, or both, with a view to eliminating moisture caused mostly by condensation, capillary infusion (dampness of walls), and the fungi promoted thereby. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Technical literature has disclosed mortars for either interior or exterior plaster possessed of either anticondensate or animoisture diffusive, heat-insulating, or biocidal properties. 
     The main disadvantages of these mortars is that they do not concentrate all the above-mentioned properties in one single product, that they consist of expensive materials (silicones, palmitates, etc.), and that they necessitate laborious preparation and application techniques in use. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention eliminates these disadvantages. It uses a porpous powdery material, such as an pearlite, as aggregate which is mixed with a complex solution of water-repellant agents such as calcium stearate, copper naphthenate, and tributyl stannic oxide (the second having antivegetational properties and the third biostatic ones) in white spirits; this mixture is then mixed with the binding agent of the mortar consisting of lime paste, cement and water in such proportions as are given in the practical examples below. The end result is a mortar having concomitantly all the above-mentioned properties: anticondensate, antiffusive of humidity, heat-insulating, and biocidal. 
     Thus the invention comprises: 
     Mortars for interior plastering having concomitantly anticondensate, antimoisture diffusive, heat-insulating, and biocide properties, and consisting of a mixture (in volume parts) of: 
     
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pearlite grains (˜1 mm)                                             
                      about 20 parts                                      
copper naphthenate solution in white                                      
                      an effective                                        
spirit in proportions by volume 1:1                                       
                      amount up to                                        
                      0.1 parts;                                          
calcium stearate powder                                                   
                      0.1 to 0.2 parts;                                   
white spirit          an effective amount                                 
                      up to 1 part;                                       
lime paste            about 5 parts;                                      
Portland cement       2 to 2.5 parts;                                     
                      and                                                 
water                 about 5 parts.                                      
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     Mortars for exterior plastering having concomitantly anticondensate, antimoisture, heat-insulating, and biocide properties, and consisting of a mixture (in volume parts) of: 
     
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pearlite grains (˜1 mm)                                             
                     about 17 parts;                                      
calcium stearate     0.3 to 0.4 parts;                                    
copper naphthenate   an effective                                         
                     amount up to                                         
                     0.8 parts;                                           
white spirit         an effective                                         
                     amount up to                                         
                     1 part:                                              
lime paste           about 5 parts;                                       
cement               about 3 parts;                                       
                     and                                                  
water                about 5 parts.                                       
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     The preparation technology of the mortars described above and characterized by first mixing the pearlite grains with the water-repellant solutions and the biocide agents, then separately the binding agents with water, and finally applying the two mixtures together, the resulting mixture being applied to the walls as any standard plaster. 
     Three examples of practical application are given in the summarizing table below. The quantities for each formula are for 1 sq.m. of plastering. 
     
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                        Quantity                                          
Type of mortar Ingredients                                                
                        (in liters)                                       
                              Obs.                                        
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I. Mortar for interior                                                    
              Pearlite  26.7                                              
   plastering (recom-                                                     
              Copper naphthenate                                          
                        0.134                                             
   mended for bathrooms                                                   
              Calcium stearate                                            
                        0.134 Thickness                                   
   and kitchens)                                                          
              White spirit                                                
                        1.34  2 cm                                        
              Lime paste                                                  
                        6.7                                               
              P.400 cement                                                
                        3.34                                              
              Water     6.7                                               
II.                                                                       
   Mortar for inte-                                                       
              Pearlite  20                                                
   rior plaster                                                           
              Copper naphthenate                                          
                        0.05                                              
   ing        Calcium stearate                                            
                        0.15                                              
              White spirit                                                
                        1     Thickness                                   
                              1.5 cm.                                     
              Lime paste                                                  
                        5                                                 
              P.400 cement                                                
                        2.3                                               
              Water     5                                                 
III.                                                                      
   Mortar for ex-                                                         
              Pearlite  17                                                
   terior plaster-                                                        
              Copper naphthenate                                          
                        0.05                                              
   ing        Calcium stearate                                            
                        0.35                                              
              White spirit                                                
                        0.9   Thickness                                   
                              1.5 cm.                                     
              Lime paste                                                  
                        5                                                 
              P.400 cement                                                
                        3                                                 
              Water     5                                                 
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     According to this invention, the advantages of the anticondensate, antimoisture diffusive, heat-insulating, and biocidal plaster are as follows: 
     It presents a new concept as regards the composition of a water-repellent plaster: with pearlite as one of the ingredients, a material made of porous particles, the particles are covered by just enough water-repellent and biocide solution to lend them a hydrofuge quality without, while so doing, plugging their pores; thus, through mixing with hydrolysate binding agents (cement and lime), acicular crystals of hydrolisates and hydroaluminates, carbonates included, form separators which thrust themselves into the pores of the water-repellent pearlite, bestowing on the plastering, by means of a three-dimensional structure, water-repellent, antimoisture diffusive, and biocidal properties, operating simultaneously. 
     The plaster allows the temperature of the treated surfaces to rise by about 6° C, being thus a good heat insulator with a heat-transfer coefficient, λ, in the range of 0.01 - 0.02 kcal/cm/degree. 
     It consists of easily obtainable and inexpensive materials. 
     It does not require an application technique different from that used in the case of standard plastering.