Valves for closing containers under fluid pressure
This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 868,153, which is now abandoned. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to improvements made to valve devices intended in particular for closing a container of fluid under pressure, for instance gas in the liquid and/or gaseous phase, which valve device can permit in particular the easy dispensing of the said fluid and also the filling of the container. 
     A device of this kind is more particularly, although not exclusively, intended to be associated with a gas cartridge or aerosol can. 
     In French Pat. No. 1,258,284 a valve of this kind is described which comprises firstly a metal seat disposed in the top part of a container, secondly a sealing valve mounted to bear elastically against the said seat and consisting of a metal cup in which a seal is disposed, thirdly an elastic metal blade or element forming a spring and having a fixed portion fastened to the wall of the container, and another movable portion supporting the valve and causing the latter (or more precisely its seal) to bear against the metal seat. 
     A valve of this kind has a certain number of disadvantages, including the fact that the shape of its spring does not enable the valve to open wide, and that this spring must obligatorily be fixed flat to the top end piece of the container. 
     It is also described a valve of the kind according to the invention in U.S. Pat. No. 625,114, its valve member is supported on a spring which either comprises a flat band-like member or alternatively comprises two adjacent wires. In either case, however, the spring is constructed such that it can only serve as a hinge, allowing the valve member to move in the plane of the loop of the spring but resisting motion of the valve member radially to either side of that plane. Moreover in that patent no tool is inserted through the passage of the valve. The valve plate member therefore only needs to be raised off of the seat when air pressure is forced through the passage. In the above U.S. Pat. No. 625,114, the parallelism between the valve plate member and the seat can be achieved only by bending the spring very carefully to provide such parallelism; nevertheless, in use this parallelism necessary to the fluid-tightness cannot last very long. 
     In another U.S. Pat. No. 3,913,609 it is seen a valve arrangement but it is totally different from the present invention. It is shown a metallic seat and a movable member integral with the structure which resiliently urges it toward the seat. The fluid-tightness of such an arrangement may be difficult in use. 
     It is also known another U.S. Pat. No. 2,601,339 which relates to a yieldable valve member which is only displaceable about a pivot axis which does not permit the operation thereof in any direction to said axis. 
     On the contrary according to the invention the movable valve member which lies against the seat on the seal is held against the seat only by a single wire spring member, whereby the movable valve member can be displaced radially away from the axial passage by way of the spring which is yieldable in radial or lateral direction as well as in axial direction. 
     An important feature according to the invention concerns the ball-joint junction between the spring and the valve member which allows the later to tilt at a steep angle so that a tube can easily pass it without requiring the spring to bend so shaply in the vicinity of the valve member as to cause possible damage to the spring, or at least bending thereof to assume an undesired shape. 
     This ball joint type connection makes it easier for the valve member to be displaced radially in a manner to permit the tube to completely pass it. Moreover, the ability of the valve member to pivot where it joins the spring also provides the valve member with the ability to lie perfectly flat on the seat, even after numerous apertures of it, and thereby assume the optimum position for sealing the gas within the container. Accordingly, the ball joint effect performs at least three very useful functions. It permits the valve member to tilt sufficiently to throw the valve member to one side in a radial displacement so as to permit the tube to completely pass it. It permits the valve member to retreat from the tube without overstressing the steel spring during such displacement. It frees the valve member to assume optimum sealing position on the face of the elastomeric seat. As a result, the loading of the spring on the valve member is always in an axial direction, and it is unnecessary to provide narrow manufacturing tolerances, since the parallelism between the seat and the valve member is never in error. 
     Moreover, the axial passage of the seal can have a bead in the inward axial direction and constricts that passage. This permits a tube to be moved diagonally from the axial passage through the seal so as to place the tube in one corner in the bottom of the container. 
     The improvements which form the object of the present invention permit the construction of a three-piece valve, particularly for a pressurized container, which will comply better than hitherto with the various practical desiderata. The invention relates in particular to a valve whose seat closes the opening of a container and through which either a gas extraction means or a push-rod for filling the container can be passed. 
    
    
     The accompanying drawing, which is given by way of example, will enable the invention, the characteristics which it possesses, and the advantages which it can provide to be better understood. 
     FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a valve constructed in accordance with the invention, in the closed position, 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a shape of the spring acting on the movable member of the valve shown in FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 3 is a section on a very large scale of the movable valve member shown in FIG. 1, showing on the one hand its face cooperating with the gas extraction means, and on the other hand the manner in which it is associated with the corresponding end of the spring, 
     FIG. 4 is a similar view to FIG. 1 but shows the valve in the open position, 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-section of a preferred construction of the seal of the device according to the invention, 
     FIG. 6 is a similar view to FIG. 1 but illustrating a preferred form of the spring, 
     FIG. 7 shows the beginning of the opening of the valve member when a tube penetrates axially into the seal member, 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 7, but illustrating the next step of the opening, 
     FIG. 9 is a bottom view showing the valve member completely offset with respect to the seal member when the tube is fully inserted through the valve. 
    
    
     FIG. 1 shows a valve device 1 according to the invention, which is placed in the central aperture 2a of the sheet metal cup 2 of a container 3, part of which is shown in dash-dot lines. 
     The cup 2 has a circular depression 2b in the center of which the opening 2a is provided. The latter is bordered by a rolled edge 2c situated below the level of the horizontal bottom 2d of the cup 2. 
     A seat or seal 4 made of elastic material, such as for example a synthetic or natural elastomer, is engaged by a force fit in the opening 2a in the cup. This seat has a cylindrical portion 4a whose upper face is curved and in which a peripheral groove 4b is provided. The bottom of the seat 4 is in the form of a cylindrical base 4c whose diameter is greater than that of the cylindrical portion 4a. A longitudinal central passage 4d is in addition provided in the seat 4. 
     The seat being engaged by a force fit in the opening 2a of the cup, the rolled edge 2c of the latter is sealingly engaged in the groove 4b of the seat 4, while its cylindrical base 4c cooperates with the inner bottom face of the rolled edge 2c. 
     The other parts constituting the valve of the invention are a movable valve member 5 mounted so as to bear elastically against the seat 4, and a spring 6 intended to act on this movable valve member. 
     The spring 6 is made in the form of a funicular element of circular section, comprising an unclosed upper ring 6a adapted to be engaged elastically inside the rolled edge 2c (FIG. 1), one end of the said ring being extended by a horizontal portion 6b followed by a first downwardly directed branch 6c; at the end of this branch at least one loop 6d is formed which is continued by a second, horizontal branch 6e provided with a short vertical end 6f the axis of which is concentric to the ring 6a. 
     It will be realized that a spring of this kind can be substantially deformed so as to permit axial and radial retraction of the movable valve member 5 in relation to the seat 4, this being of considerable interest because losses of head of the gas flow can thus be practically eliminated, as will be more fully explained later on. Furthermore, because of the retraction of the valve with the aid of a bent extraction element it is possible to extract the gas either in the gaseous phase or in the liquid phase when the container is recumbent. Moreover, the radial equiresistance of the metal wire constituting the spring ensures axial centring of the movable valve member in relation to the seat. Obviously, the spring could have a different general shape provided that it permits the axial and radial retraction of the movable valve member. 
     The movable valve member 5, which is in the form of a circular disc, comprises on the one hand a central portion 5f serving as support face for the extraction tube 7 (FIG. 4), and on the other hand a peripheral lip 5c which projects slightly in relation to the portion 5f providing the seal between the member 5 and the seat 4. The central portion 5f is provided with an upper face 5a (FIG. 3) provided uniformly with fine grooves 5b of rectangular profile and directed parallel to one another. It is thus unnecessary to provide lateral apertures on the extraction element 7 which is driven into the passage 4d in the seat 4, since the gas can arrive at the mouth of the bottom aperture of the tube 7 by passing through the channels formed by the grooves in the movable valve member, or inversely in the case of filling. 
     Provision is made for giving the central grooved portion 5f of the movable valve member 5 a substantially larger diameter than that of the extraction element 7, so that any eccentricity that may occur after fitting or in the course of operation between these two elements 5 and 7 will have no effect on the correct operation of the valve. The peripheral lip 5c (FIG. 1), which projects slightly upwards in relation to the face 5a and whose cross-section has an ogival shape with a section increasing progressively in the downward direction, consequently forms a circular edge intended to come into contact with the bottom face of the seat 4. 
     In this manner, despite the relatively large surface of the movable valve member, the specific pressure of the latter against its seat remains great. 
     The movable valve member is provided with a central blind hole 5d in which the end 6f of the spring 6 can engage with a certain clearance, this hole being extended downwards by a radially widened portion 5e. A ball joint effect is thus created for the movable valve member 5, enabling the latter to cooperate fully with the seat 4. 
     As shown in FIG. 4, when the extraction element 7 (which may moreover also be a filling tube) is driven downwards in the passage 4d the action of the bottom end of this element 7 on the grooved face 5a of the movable valve member 5 enables the latter to be positioned sufficiently obliquely in relation to the horizontal to uncover a substantial portion of the mouth of the said elememt 7 thus considerably reducing the losses of head of the gas, as previously indicated above. 
     FIG. 5 shows a preferred form of the seal associated with the movable valve member of the invention. This seal which is made of a synthetic or natural elastomer, has been given the general reference 8. Above its base 9, which is made in the same manner as the base 4c of the seal 4 previously described, it is provided with a rounded head 10. At the junction of these two elements is situated a groove 11 intended to receive sealingly the rolled edge 2c of the cup 2. The head 10, which has a diameter slightly smaller than that of the base 9, thus constitutes a kind of annular bead because of the presence of the central longitudinal passage 12 intended for the passage of the tube 7. 
     The passage 12 has the shape of a tulip 12a widened out towards the top, its bottom portion having a constriction 12b which leads into the base of a frustoconical 12c opening out in the downward direction. Thus, when the tube 7 passes through the passage 12, sealing is effected at the constriction 12b, which is compressed centrifugally so that its reaction will vigorously apply its periphery against that of the tube, acting like an O-ring. 
     According to a preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, the spring now referenced 6&#39;, does not comprise the loop 6d. This spring comprises a curved portion 6&#39;g which connects its portions 6&#39;b, 6&#39;e corresponding to the portions 6b, 6e of the spring 6. The spring 6&#39; has also a ring-shaped portion 6&#39;a adapted to be engaged resiliently inside the rolled edge 2c and a short vertical end 6&#39;f the axis of which is concentric to the axial passage 4d of the seal 4. This end 6&#39;f penetrates with clearance into the blind hole 5d of the valve member 5, to create a ball joint effect as indicated above with reference to FIG. 3. 
     As already mentioned, the spring has such a shape that it is yieldable in the axial direction, as well as in any radial direction to said axial direction. At the beginning of the insertion of the tube 7 through the axial passage 4d of the seal 4, the valve member 5 is moved off of the seat. During that movement the spring 6&#39; which only holds the valve member 5 against the seal 4 is displaced in its own plane which contains the geometric axis of the passage 4d of the seal 4. The same operation takes place in the FIG. 8 which further shows the insertion of the tube 7 tilting the valve member 5 on the end 6&#39;f and riding toward the annular inner edge 5g of the lip 5c. 
     When the tube is still further inserted toward the bottom of the container 3 of which the valve assembly would be a part, such further insertion still pushes the valve member 5 which moves laterally and/or radially and finally escapes the action of the tube. At that time the spring urges the valve member toward the seat 4 with which it comes in engagement through its lower side 4e. 
     It is understood that the operation of the valve comprising the spring 6 is exactly the same. 
     The spring 6--6&#39; is so shaped that it yields radially or laterally with respect to the axial passage 4d of the seal member 4 when the long tube 7 is inserted, thereby completely preventing the valve member from partially blocking the end of the tube, and also protecting the valve member from damage by a rod or the like which might be inserted at such an angle as to tend to break the spring. 
     As a matter a fact, the radial displacement possibility of valve member 5 results on the one hand from the circular cross-sectional shape of the spring so that its has substantially equiresistance to displacement of the valve member in radial direction and on the second hand from the large curved intermediate portion connecting part 6b, 6&#39;b to part 6e, 6&#39;e of the said spring. 
     A three-piece valve has thus been produced whose cost price is very low and which nevertheless has a large number of technical advantages over similar devices existing on the market. 
     It should in addition be understood that the above description has been given only as an example and that it does not in any way limit the scope of the invention, which will not be departed from by replacing the details of construction described by any other equivalent detail. In particular it is obvious that the tue 7 could be bent instead of straight as shown.