Copper liquor control system
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to control systems in general and, more particularly, to a control system involved in a refining unit. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A control system controls the strength of a copper liquor, used in a refining operation of a petroleum stock, which contains cupric ions and cuprous ions. A sensor samples the copper liquor and provides a signal corresponding to the strength of the copper liquor. Reference signals are generated corresponding to an upper limit and a lower limit for the strength of the copper liquor. A comparison circuit compares the signal from the sensor with the reference signals and provides a corresponding comparison signal. Apparatus controls controls the addition of air to the copper liquor to control the cupric ion content and the cuprous ion content in accordance with the comparison signal so as to control the strength of the copper liquor. 
     The objects and advantages of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of the detailed description which follows, taken together with the accompanying drawing, wherein one embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawing is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as defining the limits of the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     The drawing is a detailed block diagram of a copper liquor control system, constructed in accordance with the present invention, for controlling the strength of a copper liquor. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to the drawing, a source 5 provides copper liquor to a line 7. A source 11 provides air to the copper liquor through a line 13 to line 7. 
     The strength of the copper liquor is controlled by controlling the ratio of the cupric ions to the cuprous ions in the copper liquor. The air oxidizes the cuprous ions thereby converting them to cupric ions. Thus by controlling the air mixing with the copper liquor, the strength of the copper liquor is controlled. A copper liquor analyzer 18, which may be of the type described and disclosed in U.S. application No. 105;455 filed Dec. 20, 1979 and assigned to Texaco Inc., assignee of the present invention, samples the copper liquor in line 7 and provides a signal C corresponding to its strength. Signal C is applied to comparators 20 and 21 also receiving direct current reference voltages RIH and RIL, respectively, defining a high control limit and a low control limit, respectively, for an acceptable strength for the copper liquor. Comparator 20 provides its output to an inverter 26 and to AND gates 29 and 30; while comparator 21 provides its output to an inverter 33 and to AND gates 30, 35. Inverters 26, 33 provide their outputs to AND gates 35 and 29, respectively. The outputs of AND gates 29, 35 are applied to switches 40 and 41, respectively, which received +V and -V direct current voltages, respectively. The outputs terminals of switches 40 and 41 tied together so that switches 40 and 41 cooperate to provide a directional signal as hereinafter explained. 
     AND gate 30 is connected to a one-shot multivibrator 45 which in turn is connected to an OR gate 47. The output of time delay circuit 54 is applied to an AND gate 55. The directional signal provided by switches 40, 41 and passed pulses from AND gate 53 are provided to a flow recorder controller 42 receiving a signal from a flow transmitter 63 in line 13 and providing a control signal to a valve 65 in line 13. Valve 65 controls the flow of the cupric iron concentrate from source 11. 
     In operation while the strength of the copper liquor is within the desirable limits, comparators 20, 21 provide their outputs at high logic levels which are inverted to low logic levels by inverters 26, 33 thereby disabling AND gates 35 and 29, respectively. AND gates 29, 35 in turn provide low logic level outputs. The low logic level outputs from AND gates 29, 35 cause switches 41 and 40, respectively, to block the applied direct current voltages and therefore does provide a directional signal so that the air flow in line 13 cannot be inadvertently changed. 
     Should signal C exceed voltage RIH in amplitude, comparator 20 output goes to a low logic level causing inverter 16 to provide a high logic level output to AND gate 35. Comparator 21 continues to provide a high logic level output to AND gate 35 so that AND gate 35 in turn provides a high logic level output to switch 41 rendering it conductive to pass the -V voltage as the directional signal to controller 62. A low logic output from comparator 20 disables AND gate 30 causing its output to change to a low logic level thereby triggering one-shot 45. The resulting pulse from one-shot 45 passes through OR gate 47 to trigger one-shot 50. One-shot 50 provides an enabling pulse to AND gate 33. The width of the enabling pulse is a design parameter selected to allow a predetermined number of pulses from clock 58 to pass through AND gate 53. In practice, enough pulses are allowed to pass through AND gate 53 to change the set point of flow recorder controller 62 from a condition exceeding the high limit or low limit to the neutral position half way between the high limit and the low limit. The passed pulses from AND gate 53 change the set point of controller 62 in the direction controlled by the directional signal. Flow recorder controller 62 altered its control signal to valve 65 thereby controlling the air flow in line 13. 
     The enabling pulse provided by one-shot 50 triggers time delay circuit 54 which at the end of a predetermined time delay provides a pulse to an AND gate 55. If within the time period determined by the time delay, the strength of the copper liquor has returned to a proper value, a NAND gate 70, receiving the outputs from comparators 20 and 21, provides a low logic level signal disabling AND gate 35 to block the pulse from time delay circuit 54. If the copper liquor strength is still out of spec, then one of the outputs from comparators 20, 21 is at a low logic level causing NAND gate 70 to provide a high logic level to enable AND gate 55. When enabled, the pulse from time delay circuit 54 passes through AND gate 55 and OR gate 47 to again change the setting of the set point of flow recorder controller 62 as hereinbefore explained. 
     Another feature of the present invention is a provision for sounding an audible alarm and providing a visual indication of excessive strength or excessive weakness of the copper liquor so that an operator can manually adjust the cupric ion solution flow. This provision is useful when the strength of the copper liquor is so far out of specification that a large change in the flow rate of the cupric ion concentrate in line 17 is required and to achieve that change through the automatic control system would allow too much time to elapse. Signal C is applied to comparators 80, 81 receiving reference signals R2H and R2L corresponding to a high alarm limit and a low alarm limit respectively for a range of copper liquor strength greater than the range defined by RIH and RIL. The output of comparator 80 is applied to an AND gate 85 and to an inverter 82, while the output of comparator 81 is applied to AND gate 85 and to an inverter 83. The output from AND gate 85 is applied to a set input of a flip-flop 89 having its Q output applied to AND gates 86, 87 and to an audio alarm 90. The outputs of inverters 82, 83 are applied to AND gates 86 and 87, respectively. A momentary manually operative switch 93 receiving a negative direct current voltage -E is connected to a clear input of flip-flop 89 so that an operator may momentarily close switch 93 to provide a pulse to flip-flop 89 thereby triggering it to its clear state. Flip-flop 89 provides its Q output at a high logic level while in the set state and at a low logic level while in a clear state. The outputs of AND gates 86, 87 are provided to lamp means 96 and 97, respectively. 
     In operation when signal C exceeds one of the two limits, either comparators 80 or 81 provides a low logic output which causes AND gate 85 output to go from a high logic level to a low logic level triggering flip-flop 89 to the set state. The resulting high level Q output from flip-flop 89 enables AND gates 86 and 87 and causes audio alarm 90 to provide an audible sound. 
     The low logic level output from either comparator 80 or 81 is inverted by inverter 82 or 83 to a high logic level to enable either AND gate 86 or 87. The output from the enabled AND gate 86 or 87 goes to a high logic level thereby causing either lamp means 96 or 97 to provide a visual display. Thus an operator hearing the audio alarm then checks lamp means 96, 97 to determine in which direction the strength of the copper liquor should be changed and changes it accordingly. The operator momentarily closes switch 93 to reset flip-flop 89 and shut-off the audio alarm. 
     As hereinbefore described, the present invention is a control system which controls the strength of copper liquor in a refining unit.