Oral airway and endotrachial monitor
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention is directed to a patient monitor for monitoring the vital signs of a patient and also detecting the presence of liquid in an oral airway or an endotrachial appliance positioned in a patient&#39;s throat. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Respiration devices and alarm systems for such devices, are well known in the art. Alarms are provided for alerting an operator when a patient is not breathing or the patient&#39;s breathing is falling outside of a normal breathing pattern. Respiratory devices provided with alarms are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,798,629, 3,802,417, 3,961,627, 4,287,886, 4,366,821, 4,368,740, 4,413,632, and 4,417,589. 
     In addition to the importance of respiration it is important to monitor other vital functions such as temperature and heart rate to insure patient&#39;s body is functioning correctly. A vital signs monitor that monitors heart rate, temperature and environmental oxygen is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,276,888. It is also known to combine vital signs monitor with a device for monitoring respiration to provide a diagnostic device, see U.S. Pat. No. 3,766,908. Such devices can be made extremely compact with the advancement of microprocessor technology. See U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,125. 
     Using microprocessors in anesthesia and intensive care to monitor the progress of a patient while also providing alarms signals to an operator to facilitate treatment are very important, see Microprocessors in Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology (Vol. 7, No. 6, Nov-Dec 83) by G. J. Ball. The Present invention provides a vital signs monitor that is very compact so that it can be attached to an oral airway or an endotrachial applicance and also detect and alert an operator when liquid needs to be evacuated by the appliance. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention comprises a compact monitor that can be easily mounted on an oral airway or an endotrachial appliance, such as an airway, adjacent to a patient&#39;s mouth. A liquid detector is mounted at the bottom of the airway at the deepest location in the patient&#39;s throat. The liquid detector is coupled to a microprocessor which monitors the detector and actuates an alarm when liquid is detected. 
     Sensors for measuring the patient&#39;s vital signs are also coupled to the microprocessor. The sensors include a respiration sensor, a pulse sensor and a temperature sensor. All of the sensors are mounted on the airway and produce signals that are transmitted to the microprocessor. The microprocessor processes these signals and formulates a respiration rate, a heart rate and the temperature of the patient. 
     The microprocessor is coupled to a display means for indicating the vital signs of the patient. The display means comprises numeric indicators that are actuated by the microprocessor to indicate the temperature, heart rate and respiration rate of the patient. 
     The microprocessor, in addition to generating the proper output for the displays, also compares the sensed vital signs data with expected responses. When a vital sign falls outside of the expected range, an alarm is triggered. 
     Both the liquid detector alarm and the vital signs alarms first trigger lights which will alert the operator. If the condition persists without being corrected a audible alarm is triggered further alerting the operator. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1, is a side view of the monitor mounted on an airway; 
     FIG. 2, is a frontal view of the monitor mounted on an airway; 
     FIG. 3, is a side view of the monitor and airway illustrating the positioning of the sensors in a patient&#39;s throat; and 
     FIG. 4, is an electrical schematic of the monitor. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate how the monitor is mounted to airway 12. Monitor 10 comprises a generally rectangular case 14 having mounting tube 16. The front face of case 14, best illustrated in FIG. 2, is provided with on/off switch 18, battery 20, speaker 22, liquid alarm light 24, respiration rate display 26, heart rate display 28 and temperature display 30. Battery 20 is a button-shaped element which can be easily screwed into and out of, the front face of the monitor, similar to batteries used in wrist watches. The displays 26, 28 and 30, are numeric displays which can be formed from conventional liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diodes (LED), or similar display devices. 
     For illustration purposes the monitor is mounted on an &#34;Oro-Pharynegeal Suction Airway&#34; disclosed by the inventor in U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 577,738, filed Feb. 9, 1984, which is incorporated herein by reference. In broad terms, the airway, best illustrated in FIG. 3, comprises elongated body 32 having parallel flange elements 34 and 35 and tubing 36. The airway is provided with a tapered nipple 38 and lip elements 40 and 41 (see FIG. 1) at one end of the airway adjacent the patient&#39;s mouth. The other end of the airway is positioned deep inside the patient&#39;s throat and is provided with suction openings 42 which are used to draw liquid from the throat through tubing 14 and out through nipple 38 by means of suction tube 43. Of particular interest is conduit 44 (shown in phantom lines in FIG. 1) which is coupled to the monitor for sensing respiration rate. The above described airway is only discussed for illustration purposes and the subject monitor maybe used in a number applications such as an endotrachial tube or other anathesia applicances that enter the throat of a patient. Therefore the term &#34;airway&#34; will be used throughout as also including endotrachial tubes and other appliances that extend into a patient&#39;s throat. 
     Mounting tube 16 is a conically shaped tube which mates with nipple 38 of the airway. To mount the monitor, tube 16 is aligned with nipple 38 and the monitor and tube are passed down the nipple until the tube is frictionally fitted on the nipple thereby mounting the monitor. The forward portion of nipple 38 is exposed after the monitor has been mounted so that suction tube 43 can also be attached to the nipple. 
     The monitor is provided with a liquid sensor 46 mounted at the end of the airway which detects the presence of liquid in the throat. Wires 48 electrically couple the liquid sensor to the monitor. Temperature and pulse sensor 50 is mounted to the outside of parallel flange element 35 so that is comes in direct contact with the throat, tongue and lips of the patient. Sensor 50 is electrically coupled to the monitor by wires 52 which run along the airway. Another sensor is built into the monitor and comprises a respiration sensor. Conduit 44 pneumatically couples the monitor with the airway, and as such the change in air pressure caused by the patient&#39;s breathing can be sensed and used to generate a respiration rate by the monitor. The specific structure of the sensors is not important, and such sensors are well known in the art. It is only important that the respiration sensor be pneumatically coupled to the respiration passage, that pulse and temperature sensor be in direct contact with the patient and that liquid sensor be positioned as far as possible down into the throat. Although in the illustrated embodiment the pulse and temperature sensors are deployed in a patient&#39;s throat these sensors maybe positioned adjacent the mouth contacting a patient&#39;s lips. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates an electrical schematic of the monitor. Microprocessor 54 which comprises the monitor means is powered by battery 20 which is controlled by on/off switch 18. Liquid sensor 46, temperature sensor 50a, pulse sensor 50B and respiration sensor 56 communicate with and are electrically coupled to microprocessor 56. The microprocessor can be any conventional digital microprocessor which is provided with appropriate analog to digital converters for the output signals of the sensors. The microprocessor is also provided with an internal clock which is used in calculating the time dependent respiration and heart rate. However, an external clock providing a timed input could also be used. More specifically the microprocessor on a continuing basis evaluates the output of pulse sensor and the respiration sensor and calculates the appropriate rates. The microprocessor generates respiration rate and heart rate signals that are directed to displays 26 and 28 respectively. The output signal of the temperature sensor is used to provide a temperature output signal that is directed to display 30 for indicating temperature. The liquid sensor also directs a liquid signal to the microprocessor upon detecting liquid in the throat. When liquid is detected the microprocessor actuates alarm light 24. 
     The microprocessor is also provided with comparison means for comparing the vital signs, that is respiration rate, temperature and heart rate with expected or normal rates. When the detected rate exceeds prescribed limits a visual alarm is activated. The visual alarm may comprise individual lights mounted adjacent to the appropriate displays (not shown) or the appropriate displays themselves maybe be flashed on and off. If the excessive rate persists for longer than a predetermined amount of time, an audible alarm is sounded through speaker 22, to further alert the operator of a serious condition. The liquid alarm circuit functions similarly in that first the visual alarm is activated and then if the presence of liquid persists past a predetermined amount of time the audible alarm is sounded by speaker 22. 
     In a further refinement of the invention the audible alarm could sound different tones for different alarms. Or possibly a voice synthesizer could be employed to announce the specific problem to the operator. 
     The invention is not to be limited by the above-description, but is to be limited solely by the claims that follow.