Esters of 2-(substituted sulfamyl)-6-nitro-benzoic acid and pharmaceutical compositions
CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 716,886 of Walfred S. Saari filed Mar. 27, 1985 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to esters, amides and N-substituted amides of 2-(substituted sulfamyl)-6-nitrobenzoic acids, used as sensitizers of hypoxic tumor cells to therapeutic radiation. It also relates to the process of preparing such compounds starting with a 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitro benzoate ester and aminating said 2-chlorosulfonyl benzoate ester to produce the corresponding sulfonamide or N-substituted sulfamylnitrobenzoic ester. 
     At the present time, certain other unrelated compounds are in experimental clinical use as radiation sensitizers. However, these compounds--for example, metronidazole and misonidazole--suffer from the drawback that they also cause neurotoxicity which limits their usefulness. The compounds of the present invention are effective radiation sensitizers, and are believed to have a more favorable therapeutic ratio. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compositions of the present invention are nitrobenzenesulfonamide compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R 1  is hydroxy-(lower alkoxy), lower alkoxy, allyloxy, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkylamino, di(hydroxyalkyl)amino, or allyl amino. 
     R 2  and R 3  are each separately non-basic substituents selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl from 1-4 carbon atoms, hydroxy-(lower alkyl), allyl, or when taken together along with the nitrogen to which they are attached represent a heterocyclic ring selected from morpholino or R 4  -substituted-3-oxopiperazin-1-yl ##STR2##  wherein R 4  is hydrogen, lower alkyl of from 1-4 carbons, or hydroxyalkyl of from 1-4 carbons. 
     The amides and esters of 2-sulfamyl-6-nitrobenzoic acids of the present invention are prepared in the following manner: 
     A substituted nitrobenzoate ester or nitrobenzamide having a 2-chlorosulfonyl substituent in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, or chloroform is treated with at least an equimolar amount of an amine of the formula ##STR3## wherein R 2  and R 3  are as described hereinabove. 
     It is preferred to carry out the reaction in the presence of a base in sufficient amount to neutralize the hydrogen chloride formed in the course of the reaction. The base utilized may be a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or pyridine. On the other hand the same results may be produced by adding at least twice the molar amount of reactant amine theoretically required. In this event, the reactant amine is utilized both to form the sulfonamide and to neutralize the hydrogen chloride formed in the amination reaction. 
     The temperature at which the reaction is carried out is not critical and may vary from 0°-100° C. or at the reflux temperature of the solvent, if under 100° C. The reaction temperature is preferably maintained at about 0°-25° C. for a period of 1-24 hours. The amination reaction may be formulated as follows: ##STR4## wherein R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are as defined hereinabove. 
     The starting materials for the process are either known or are readily prepared from the known 2-amino-6-nitrobenzoic acid by a process of esterification followed by diazotization of the amino group and treating the formed diazonium compound with SO 2  in the presence of CuCl 2  whereby the desired starting 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate ester is formed. 
     The benzamide derivatives of this invention may also be prepared by reaction of a 2-monosubstitutedsulfamyl-6-nitrobenzoate ester of formula III or a 2-substituted-4-nitro-2H-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one 1,1-dioxide of formula IV with at least one equivalent of ammonia or a mono- or dialkylsubstituted amine of formula II. ##STR5## 
     In formulas III and IV, R 2  is as described hereinabove and R 5  is either lower alkyl or hydroxy-(lower alkyl). The reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent such as a lower aliphatic alcohol or a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or others such as tetrahydrofuran, glyme, diglyme, chloroform or methylenechloride. The reaction temperature is not critical and may vary from 0°-100° C., preferably from about 25°-50° C. for a period of 1 to 10 days. When low boiling amines are used, the reaction may be run in a sealed vessel. 
     The method of treatment of human patients or domestic animals undergoing radiation treatment of malignant disease processes employs the compounds of the present invention in pharmaceutical compositions that are administered orally or intravenously. The dose employed depends on the radiation protocol for each individual patient. In protocols where the radiation dose is divided into a large number of fractions, the drug can be administered at intervals in the schedule and not necessarily with each radiation treatment. It should be noted that the compounds of the present invention are not intended for chronic administration. In general, the drug is administered from 10 minutes to 5 hours prior to the radiation treatment in a dosage amount of between 0.25 to about 4.0 grams per square meter of body surface. 
     The dosage range given is the effective dosage range and the decision as to the exact dosage used must be made by the administering physician based on his judgement of the patient&#39;s general physical condition. In determining the dose for the individual patient, the physician may begin with an initial dose of 0.25 g/square meter of body surface to determine how well the drug is tolerated and increase the dosage with each succeeding radiation treatment, observing the patient carefully for any drug side effect. The composition to be administered is an effective amount of the active compound and a pharmaceutical carrier for said active compound. 
     The dosage form for intravenous administration is a sterile isotonic solution of the drug. Oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or elixirs may also be used. 
     Capsules or tablets containing 25, 50, 100 or 500 mg of drug/capsule or tablets are satisfactory for use in the method of treatment of our invention. 
     The following examples are intended to illustrate but do not limit the process of preparation, product, compositions, or method of treatment aspects of the invention. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius unless otherwise indicated throughout the application. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Methyl 2-[N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     Step A: Methyl 2-Amino-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A mixture of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzoic acid (11.9 g, 65.3 mmol), methyl p-toluenesulfonate (15.1 g, 81.1 mmol) and triethylamine (6.60 g, 65.3 mmol) in DMF (170 ml) was stirred under N 2  at 60° for 18 hours. After removing DMF at 60° and 0.2 mm pressure, the residue was dissolved in ETOAc and washed with a saturated solution of NaHCO 3  followed by a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl. The EtOAc extract was dried (Na 2  O 4 ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel and elution with 50% toluene-50% CHCl 3  gave methyl 2-amino-6-nitrobenzoate (7.6 g, 59.4%), m.p. 105°-107°. 
     Step B: Methyl 2-Chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate 
     To a suspension of methyl 2-amino-6-nitrobenzoate (7.6 g, 38.7 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (37 ml) and conc. HCl (67 ml), cooled to -5°, was added slowly a solution of sodium nitrite (2.86 g, 41,4 mmol) in H 2  O (11.2 ml). After addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -5° to 0° for an additional 30 minutes. During this time, a solution of CuCl 2 .2H 2  O (2.45 g) in H 2  O (8.5 ml) was prepared and added to a cold solution of SO 2  (25 g, 0.39 mol) in glacial acetic acid (50 ml). The diazonium salt solution was then added in portions to the cooled SO 2  -CuCl 2  mixture. After stirring in an ice bath for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 20°-25° and was stirred at this temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured onto ice (500 g), the precipitated tan solid removed by filtration and dried to give the sulfonyl chloride (9.1 g, 84.3%), m.p. 152°-4°. 
     Step C: Methyl 2-[N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     N-Methylethanolamine (2.96 g, 39.4 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6nitrobenzoate (5.5 g, 19.7 mmol) in THF (150 ml) and the mixture stirred at 20°-25° for 18 hours. After removing THF under reduced pressure, the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and H 2  O. The organic extract was washed with saturated NaCl solution and dried (Na 2  SO 4 ). Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel and elution with 1% MeOH-99% CHCl 3  afforded pure sulfonamide. Recrystallization from EtOAc-hexane gave analytically pure product (5.2 g, 82.9%), m.p. 98°-101°. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Methyl 2-[N,N-Di(2-hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A solution of di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine (0.76 g, 7.2 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added to a solution of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (1.0 g, 3.6 mmol) in THF (10 ml) and the mixture stirred at 20°-25° for 18 hours. After removing THF under reduced pressure, the crude product was extracted into EtOAc which was then washed (H 2  O), dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel and elution with 5% MeOH-95% CHCl 3  gave pure sulfonamide. Analytically pure material (0.56 g, 44.8%), m.p. 92°-3°, was obtained upon recrystallization from EtOAc-hexane. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Methyl 6-Nitro-2-[3-oxo-1-piperazinylsulfonyl]benzoate 
     Piperazin-2-one (0.36 g, 3.6 mmol) was added to a mixture of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (1.0 g, 3.6 mmol) and triethylamine (0.37 g, 3.6 mmol) in CHCl 3  (120 ml) and the resulting solution stirred at 20°-25° for 18 hours. Removal of CHCl 3  under reduced pressure and flash chromatography of the residue over silica gel (elution with 5% MeOH-95% CHCl 3 ) afforded pure sulfonamide (1.2 g, 96.8%). Recrystallization from MeOH-H 2  O gave an analytical sample, m.p. 189°-91°. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Methyl 2-[N-Morpholinosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A solution of morpholine (1.25 g, 14.3 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was added over 30 minutes to a stirred, cooled solution of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (2.0 g, 7.15 mmol) in THF (20 ml). After stirring at 20°-25° for 18 hours, THF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaCl-H 2  O and the EtOAc extract was washed with H 2  O, dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated. Recrystallization from MeOH-EtOH gave pure sulfonamide (1.7 g, 72%), m.p. 145°-8°. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Methyl 2-[N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A solution of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (0.50 g, 1.79 mmol) and ethanolamine (0.33 g, 5.4 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was stirred at 20°-25° for 18 hours and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Product was extracted into EtOAc which was then washed (H 2  O), dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from EtOAc-hexane to give pure sulfonamide (0.28 g, 51.4%), m.p. 110°-12°. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     Step A: 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro-2H-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one 1,1-dioxide 
     To approximately 2 ml of ethylene oxide cooled in an ice bath was added a suspension of 4-nitro-2H-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one 1,1-dioxide (2.0 g, 8.76 mmol) in H 2  O (140 ml). After stirring in the ice bath for 1 hour, the mixture was allowed to stir at 20°-25° for 18 hours. Water was removed under reduced pressure and the residue flash chromatographed over silica gel. Elution with 2% isopropanol -98% CH 2  Cl 2  gave product which was recrystallized from EtOAc-hexane to give the 2-hydroxyethyl derivative (0.39 g, 16%), m.p. 140°-1°. 
     Step B: N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     A solution of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro-2H-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one 1,1-dioxide (100 mg, 0.37 mmol) and ethanolamine (24 mg, 0.39 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was allowed to stand at 20°-25° for 3 days. After removal of THF under reduced pressure, the residue was recrystallized from MeOH-EtOAc-hexane to give 112 mg (91%) of product, m.p. 176.5°-177.5°. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Allyl 2-[N-Morpholinosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     Step A: Allyl 2-Amino-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A mixture of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzoic acid (2.0 g, 11 mmol), allyl chloride (1.05 g, 13.7 mmol) and triethylamine (1.11 g, 11 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) was stirred at 60° for 18 hours. After concentrating under reduced pressure, the residue was extracted with EtOAc which was then washed with saturated NaHCO 3  solution and saturated NaCl solution, dried (Na 2  SO 4 ) and filtered. EtOAc was removed under reduced pressure and the residue chromatographed over silica gel. Elution with 50% hexane-50% CHCl 3  gave the allyl ester (1.1 g, 45%). An analytical sample, m.p. 54°-5°, was obtained upon recrystallization from toluene-hexane. 
     Step B: Allyl 2-Chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate 
     To a suspension of allyl 2-amino-6-nitrobenzoate (3.3 g, 14.9 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (80 ml) and conc. HCl (26 ml) cooled to -5° was added slowly a solution of sodium nitrite (1.10 g, 15.9 mmol) in H 2  O (6 ml). After addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at -5° to 0° for an additional 30 minutes. This diazonium salt solution was then added in portions to a cold solution of SO 2  (10 g, 0.156 mol) and CuCl 2 .2H 2  O (1.19 g) in acetic acid (20 ml) and H 2  O (4 ml). After stirring in an ice bath for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 20°-25° and then poured on to ice (500 g). The solid sulfonyl chloride was filtered off and dried to give 3.5 g (77.4%) of product, m.p. 68°-70°. An analytical sample, m.p. 70°-72°, was obtained upon recrystallization from n-butyl chloride-hexane. 
     Step C: Allyl 2-[N-Morpholinosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A solution of morpholine (1.63 g, 18.7 mmol) in THF (30 ml) was added over 25 minutes to a stirred and cooled solution of allyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (2.85 g, 9.3 mmol) in THF (80 ml). After stirring at 20°-25° for 18 hours, THF was removed under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaCl solution. The EtOAc extract was dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated to give a quantitative yield of the sulfonamide, m.p. 145°-7°. An analytical sample, m.p. 150°-2° was obtained upon recrystallization from MeOH. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     N,N-Dimethyl 2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     A solution of methyl 2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate (4.58 g, 15.1 mmol) in absolute MeoH (50 ml) was added to a solution of dimethylamine (6.8 g, 0.15 mol) and potassium tertbutoxide (0.68 ml of a 0.262 M solution in tertbutanol) in absolute MeoH (100 ml). After stirring at 20°-25° C. for 4 days, solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with 0.5N HCl followed by a saturated aqueous NaCl solution. The EtOAc extract was dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated to give 4.2 g (88%) of product. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     N,N-Dimethyl 2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     A solution of N,N-Dimethyl 2-(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide (3.97 g, 12.5 mmol) in dry DMF (40 ml) was added slowly to a stirred suspension of 50% NaH (0.60 g, 12.5 mmol) in dry DMF (10 ml) under N 2  at 20°-25° C. After formation of the sodium salt was complete, a solution of methyl p-toluenesulfonate (2.40 g, 12.9 mmol) in DMF (4 ml) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at 20°-25° C. for 20 hours and then at 60° C. for 23 hours. The orange solution was mixed with EtOAc (400 ml) and the white solid which formed was filtered off. This precipitate was washed with EtOAc (100 ml). The combined EtOAc solutions were washed with a saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried (Na 2  SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Pure product, mp 107°-08° C., 2.5 g (60%) was obtained by flash chromatography over silica gel and elution with a 65% n-butylchloride-35% acetonitrile solvent mixture. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     Methyl 2-[N-(3-Hydroxypropyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A solution of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (2.80 g, 10 mmol) in 100 ml of THF was cooled to ice temperature and stirred in an ice-bath while a solution of 3-amino-1-propanol (99%) (1.67 g, 22 mmol) was added dropwise over a period of 45 minutes. Stirring in the ice-bath was continued for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture then was acidified by addition of 3.0 ml of 1.2N HCl. The THF was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue taken up in 100 ml of ethyl acetate. After extracting this solution with 4×20 ml of saturated NaCl solution, the ethyl acetate was evaporated and the residue recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane to give 2.70 g (84.9%) of light yellow crystalline product, m.p., 87°-88.5°. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Methyl 2-[N-(2-Hydroxy-1-propyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate 
     A solution of methyl 2-chlorosulfonyl-6-nitrobenzoate (2.80 g, 10 mmol) in 100 ml of THF was cooled in an ice-bath and stirred while a solution of 1-amino-2-propanol (1.65 g, 22 mmol) in 10 ml of THF was added dropwise over a period of 50 minutes. After stirring an additional 30 minutes in the ice-bath, the reaction mixture was acidified by the addition of 3 ml of 1.2N HCl. The THF was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue taken up in 100 ml of ethyl acetate. After extracting with 4×20 ml of saturated NaCl solution, the ethyl acetate solution was dried over Na 2  SO 4  and the solvent evaporated. The residue was crystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane to give 2.02 g (63.5%) of yellow crystalline product, m.p., 93.5°-95°. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     N,N-Dimethyl-2-[N-(3-hydroxypropyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     Methyl-2-[N-(3-hydroxypropyl)amino sulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate (2.00 g, 6.28 mmol) was dissolved in 60 ml. of methanol. Sodium methoxide (1.0 ml of a 0.1 M solution in methanol) was added and the solution cooled in an ice-bath and stirred while a rapid stream of dimethylamine was passed into the vortex for 15 minutes. After stirring for 16-1/2 hours, during which time the temperature rose to 25°, the methanol and excess dimethylamine were evaporated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography of the residue on E. Merck silica gel 60 (230-400 mesh) developed with n-butyl chloride:acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:35 gave light yellow crystalline product, isolated in two fractions, each melting at 85°-87°. The second fraction contained a small amount of a second component, visible on TLC. Recrystallization of each fraction from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane gave 0.48 g of product, m.p., 86°-87.5° and 0.43 g of product, m.p., 85.5°-87°. Each product was analytically pure. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     N,N-Dimethyl-2-[N-(2-Hydroxy-1-propyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     Methyl 2-[N-(2-hydroxy-1-propyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzoate (2.00g, 628 mmol) was dissolved in 60 ml of methanol. Sodium methoxide (1.0 ml of a 0.1 M solution in methanol) was added and the solution cooled and stirred in an ice-bath while a rapid stream of dimethylamine was passed into the vortex for 15 minutes. Stirring in the ice-bath then was continued for 1 hour, when the flash was removed from the bath and the reaction mixture allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The methanol and excess dimethylamine then were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue shaken with ethyl acetate, 80 ml; 0.2N HCl, 10 ml; and saturated NaCl, 10 ml. The ethyl acetate layer was separated, extracted with 3×15 ml of saturated NaCl and evaporated to give a clear yellow oil. After drying 23 hours in vacuo, this product weight 2.03 g. Crystallization had started after 3 days. Recrystallization from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane gave 1.33 g (63.9%) of product, m.p., 95.5°-97°. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     N,N-Dimethyl-2-[N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-methylaminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide 
     N,N-Dimethyl-2-[N-(3-hydroxypropyl)aminosulfonyl]-6-nitrobenzamide (1.37 g, 4.13 mmol) in 12 ml of DMF, was added dropwise to a suspension of 198 mg (4.13 mmol) of 50% NaH in 3 ml of DMF in an atmosphere of N 2 . When evolution of hydrogen was complete, a solution of methyl p-toluene sulfonate (0.794 g, 4.14 mmol) in DMF, 2 ml, was added. The clear deep yellow solution was stirred at 25° for 17 hours, then at 60° for 23 hours. The solution then was mixed with 175 ml of ethyl acetate and the precipitate that separated collected on a filter and washed with 50 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined filtrate and washings were extracted with 6×25 ml of saturated NaCl solution and the ethyl acetate evaporated to give 1.66 g of a clear yellow oil. Flash chromatography over E. Merck silica gel 60 (230-400 mesh) gave 0.49 g of a clear light yellow oil. This material was dissolved in 50 ml of CHCl 3 , the solution extracted with 4×5 ml of 1N NaOH, then with 3×5 ml of saturated NaCl and dried over MgSO 4 . After evaporation of the CHCl 3 , the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and the solution filtered to remove a trace of MgSO 4 . Evaporation of the solvent gave 0.44 g of light yellow crystalline product, m.p., 91.5°-92.5°.