Multi-adaptive fuel pressure regulator
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 830,281 filed Feb. 18, 1986. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to a fuel pressure regulator for an engine fuel system. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Fuel injection systems for automotive engines generally include a fuel pressure regulator to maintain the fuel at a pressure appropriate for delivery to the engine. In each system the design of the fuel pressure regulator must be suitable for its particular application, and often a new fuel pressure regulator design must be developed for a new fuel injection system application. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention provides a fuel pressure regulator adapted for a multiplicity of fuel injection system applications. 
     In one embodiment of a fuel pressure regulator according to one aspect of this invention, the pressure regulator base is formed from a symetrical extrusion having three sides provided with projections that define five planar regions. The five planar regions defined by the projections, together with a sixth planar region defined by an end of the base, are each adapted to accept a cutting tool for forming an outlet from the fuel pressure regulator, whereby the fuel pressure regulator may be equipped with an outlet oriented in any of six directions. 
     In another embodiment of a fuel pressure regulator according to one aspect of this invention, the pressure regulator base is formed from an asymetric extrusion having sides that define three planar regions. The three planar regions, together with a planar region defined by an end of the base, are each adapted to accept a cutting tool for forming an outlet from the fuel pressure regulator. By locating the inlet at either of the two ends of the base, the fuel pressure regulator may be equipped with an outlet oriented in any of six directions. 
     In a fuel pressure regulator according to another aspect of this invention, the fuel pressure regulator is plugged directly onto a snout extending from a fuel body and receives fuel from a fuel passage extending through the snout to maintain the desired fuel pressure in the passage. The fuel pressure regulator thereby forms a secure and compact assembly with the fuel body. 
     The details as well as other features and advantages of two embodiments of this invention are set forth in the remainder of the specification and are shown in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a fuel pressure regulator according to this invention, showing the fuel pressure regulator plugged directly onto a snout projecting from a fuel body. 
     FIG. 2 is an end view of an extrusion from which the FIG. 1 fuel pressure regulator was formed. 
     FIG. 3 is an end view of the FIG. 1 fuel pressure regulator, showing the fuel outlet oriented in one of the six possible directions. 
     FIG. 4 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 2 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a second direction. 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the FIG. 4 fuel pressure regulator, taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4, also showing the fuel pressure regulator plugged directly onto a snout projecting from a fuel body. 
     FIG. 6 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 2 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a third direction. 
     FIG. 7 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 2 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a fourth direction. 
     FIG. 8 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 2 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a fifth direction. 
     FIG. 9 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 2 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a sixth direction. 
     FIG. 10 is a side view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 2 extrusion, with parts broken away to show a separate inlet fitting. 
     FIG. 11 is an end view of an extrusion from which another embodiment of a fuel pressure regulator is formed according to this invention. 
     FIG. 12 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in one of the six possible directions. 
     FIG. 13 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a second direction. 
     FIG. 14 is an end view of another fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in the second direction but offset on the opposite side of the center line from the FIG. 13 fuel pressure regulator. 
     FIG. 15 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a third direction. 
     FIG. 16 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a fourth direction. 
     FIG. 17 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a fifth direction. 
     FIG. 18 is an end view of a fuel pressure regulator also formed from the FIG. 11 extrusion, showing the fuel outlet oriented in a sixth direction. 
    
    
     THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring first to FIGS. 1-3, a fuel pressure regulator 10 has a six-sided base 12 formed from the aluminum extrusion 14 shown in FIG. 2. As viewed in FIG. 2, extrusion 14 has a top surface 16, a bottom surface 18 and lateral surfaces 20 and 22 formed during extrusion. Those four surfaces, together with the cut-off ends 24 and 26 of extrusion 14, define the six sides of base 12. 
     The end 24 of extrusion 14 forms a first planar region which is viewed in elevation in FIG. 2. 
     The bottom surface 18 of extrusion 14 has a pair of depending legs 28 and 30. Between legs 28 and 30, surface 18 forms a second planar region facing downwardly as viewed in FIG. 2. Surface 18 has a projection 32 that is trapezoidal in cross-section. 
     The lateral surfaces 20 and 22 of extrusion 14 have enlargements 34 and 36. Below enlargements 34 and 36, surface 20 forms a third planar region facing rightwardly as viewed in FIG. 2, and surface 22 forms a fourth planar region facing leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 2. Surface 20 has a projection 38 and surface 22 has a projection 40, projections 38 and 40 being triangular in cross-section. 
     Projections 32 and 38 form a fifth planar region facing downwardly and to the right as viewed in FIG. 2, and projections 32 and 40 form a sixth planar region facing downwardly and to the left as viewed in FIG. 2. 
     From the upper surface 16, extrusion 14 is machined to form a regulated fuel pressure chamber 42 and a small excess fuel chamber 44. Chamber 42 has a well 46 that receives fuel from an inlet 48 machined through the cut-off end 26 of extrusion 14. A valve seat 50 is inserted between chambers 42 and 44. A diaphragm 52 closes regulated fuel pressure chamber 42 and carries a valve member 53. Diaphragm 52 positions valve member 53 to control fuel flow from regulated fuel pressure chamber 42 through valve seat 50 to excess fuel chamber 44, balancing the fuel pressure in regulated fuel pressure chamber 42 on diaphragm 52 with the force of a spring 54 and with the pressure in the bias chamber 55 above diaphragm 52. Pressure regulator 10 thereby maintains the desired fuel pressure in regulated fuel pressure chamber 42 and discharges excess fuel to excess fuel chamber 44. Diaphragm 52 is supported and retained as set forth in copending application Ser. No. 821,031 filed Jan. 21, 1986 in the name of M. J. Field. 
     In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 3, the planar region formed by cut-off end 24 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet 56 opening from excess fuel chamber 44 to discharge excess fuel therefrom. A fuel discharge fitting 58 threaded into outlet 56 accordingly is oriented parallel to fuel inlet 48. 
     The base 60 of the fuel pressure regulator 62 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is similar to the base 12 of fuel pressure regulator 10. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, however, the planar region formed by bottom surface 18 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet 64 opening from excess fuel chamber 44, removing a portion of projection 32 in the process. When threaded into outlet 64, fuel discharge fitting 58 accordingly is oriented perpendicular to fuel inlet 48 and directed downwardly as viewed in FIGS. 4 and 5. Fuel pressure regulator 62 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulator 10. 
     In the base 66 of the fuel pressure regulator 68 shown in FIG. 6, the planar region formed by lateral surface 20 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber, removing a portion of projection 38 in the process. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 58 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed rightwardly as viewed in FIG. 6. Fuel pressure regulator 68 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 10 and 62. 
     In the base 70 of the fuel pressure regulator 72 shown in FIG. 7, the planar region formed by lateral surface 22 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber, removing a portion of projection 40 in the process. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 58 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 7. Fuel pressure regulator 72 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 10, 62 and 68. 
     In the base 74 of the fuel pressure regulator 76 shown in FIG. 8, the planar region defined by projections 32 and 38 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber, removing a portion of leg 28 in the process. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 58 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed downwardly and leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 8. Fuel pressure regulator 76 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 10, 62, 68 and 72. 
     In the base 78 of the fuel pressure regulator 80 shown in FIG. 9, the planar region defined by projections 32 and 40 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber, removing a portion of leg 30 in the process. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 58 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed downwardly and leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 9. Fuel pressure regulator 80 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 10, 62, 68, 72 and 76. 
     As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the inlet 48 of each fuel pressure regulator is plugged directly onto a snout 82 formed on a fuel body 84. A fuel passage 86 extends from fuel body 84 through snout 82 to supply fuel to the regulated fuel pressure chamber 42, and the fuel pressure regulator maintains the desired fuel pressure in fuel passage 86. 
     Inlet 48 has an enlarged portion 88 containing an O-ring 90 that seals the connection between the pressure regulator base and fuel body 84. A bracket 91 has legs 92 that straddle fuel body 84 and are secured in grooves 94 formed on the outside of fuel body 84. Screws 96 are received in enlargements 34 and 36 of extrusion 14 to secure bracket 91 to the fuel pressure regulator. The fuel pressure regulator accordingly forms a secure and compact assembly with fuel body 84. 
     The base 98 of the fuel pressure regulator 100 shown in FIG. 10 has a fuel inlet fitting 102 threaded into inlet 48 to allow use of fuel pressure regulator 100 in an application where it cannot be plugged directly onto a fuel body. Fuel pressure regulator is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 10, 62, 68, 72, 76 and 80. 
     Referring next to FIGS. 11-12, a fuel pressure regulator 110 has a six-sided base 112 formed from the aluminum extrusion 114 shown in FIG. 11. As viewed in FIG. 11, extrusion 114 has a top surface 116, a bottom surface 118 and lateral surfaces 120 and 122 formed during extrusion. Those four surfaces, together with the cut-off ends 124 and 126 of extrusion 114, define the six sides of base 112. 
     The end 124 of extrusion 114 forms a first planar region which is viewed in elevation in FIG. 11. The opposite end 126 is hidden in FIG. 11. 
     The bottom surface 118 of extrusion 114 forms a second planar region facing downwardly as viewed in FIG. 11. Surface 118 has a projection 132 that is trapezoidal in cross-section. 
     The lateral surfaces 120 and 122 of extrusion 114 have enlargements 134 and 136. Below enlargements 134 and 136, surface 120 forms a curved region facing rightwardly and downwardly as viewed in FIG. 11, and surface 122 forms a third planar region facing leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 11. 
     Projection 132 forms a fourth planar region facing downwardly and to the left as viewed in FIG. 11. 
     Extrusion 114 is machined in the same manner as extrusion 14 to form the base 112 of fuel pressure regulator 110, and fuel pressure regulator 110 is otherwise constructed and assembled in a manner similar to fuel pressure regulator 10. 
     In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the fuel inlet is machined in the hidden end face 126 of extrusion 114, and the planar region formed by cut-off end 124 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber. Accordingly, when a fuel discharge fitting 158 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented parallel to the fuel inlet. 
     The base 160 of the fuel pressure regulator 162 shown in FIG. 13 is similar to the base 112 of fuel pressure regulator 110. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, however, the planar region formed by bottom surface 118 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber, removing projection 132 in the process. When threaded into the outlet, fuel discharge fitting 158 accordingly is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet on the hidden end 126 of extrusion 114, and is directed downwardly as viewed in FIG. 13. Fuel pressure regulator 162 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulator 110. 
     The base 160a of the fuel pressure regulator 162a shown in FIG. 14 is similar to the base 160 of fuel pressure regulator 162. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, however, the fuel inlet is machined in the end face 124 of extrusion 114, hidden from view in FIG. 14. The planar region formed by bottom surface 118 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber, removing projection 132 in the process. When threaded into the outlet, fuel discharge fitting 158 is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and directed downwardly as viewed in FIG. 14. Comparison of FIGS. 13 and 14 will show that fuel outlet fitting 158 is offset to the left of center in FIG. 13 and to the right of center in FIG. 14. Fuel pressure regulator 162a is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulator 110 and 162. 
     In the base 166 of the fuel pressure regulator 168 shown in FIG. 15, the fuel inlet is machined in the hidden end face 124 of extrusion 114, and the planar region formed by lateral surface 122 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 158 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed rightwardly as viewed in FIG. 15. Fuel pressure regulator 168 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 110, 162 and 162a. 
     In the base 170 of the fuel pressure regulator 172 shown in FIG. 16, the fuel inlet is machined in the hidden end face 126 of extrusion 114, and the planar region formed by lateral surface 122 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 158 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 16. Fuel pressure regulator 172 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 110, 162, 162a and 168. 
     In the base 174 of the fuel pressure regulator 176 shown in FIG. 17, the fuel inlet is machined in the hidden end face 124 of extrusion 114, and the planar region defined by projection 132 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 158 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed downwardly and rightwardly as viewed in FIG. 17. Fuel pressure regulator 176 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 110, 162, 162a, 168 and 172. 
     In the base 178 of the fuel pressure regulator 180 shown in FIG. 18, the fuel inlet is machined in the hidden end face 126 of extrusion 114, and the planar region defined by projection 132 accepts a cutting tool that machines an outlet opening from the excess fuel chamber. Accordingly, when fuel discharge fitting 158 is threaded into the outlet, it is oriented perpendicular to the fuel inlet and is directed downwardly and leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 18. Fuel pressure regulator 180 is otherwise similar to fuel pressure regulators 110, 162, 162a, 168, 172 and 176.